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doc: Spelling and grammar tweaks
Did a partial run of ACRN documents through Acrolinx to catch additional spelling and grammar fixes missed during regular reviews. Signed-off-by: David B. Kinder <david.b.kinder@intel.com>
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David Kinder
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@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ through the Device Model. Currently, the service VM is based on Linux,
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but it can also use other operating systems as long as the ACRN Device
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Model is ported into it. A user VM can be Ubuntu*, Android*,
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Windows* or VxWorks*. There is one special user VM, called a
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post-launched Real-Time VM (RTVM), designed to run a hard real-time OS,
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post-launched real-time VM (RTVM), designed to run a hard real-time OS,
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such as Zephyr*, VxWorks*, or Xenomai*. Because of its real-time capability, RTVM
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can be used for soft programmable logic controller (PLC), inter-process
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communication (IPC), or Robotics applications.
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@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ In total, up to 7 post-launched User VMs can be started:
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- 5 regular User VMs,
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- One `Kata Containers <https://katacontainers.io>`_ User VM (see
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:ref:`run-kata-containers` for more details), and
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- One Real-Time VM (RTVM).
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- One real-time VM (RTVM).
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In this example, one post-launched User VM provides Human Machine Interface
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(HMI) capability, another provides Artificial Intelligence (AI) capability, some
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@@ -157,15 +157,15 @@ Industrial usage scenario:
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with tools such as Kubernetes*.
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- The HMI Application OS can be Windows* or Linux*. Windows is dominant
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in Industrial HMI environments.
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- ACRN can support a soft Real-time OS such as preempt-rt Linux for
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soft-PLC control, or a hard Real-time OS that offers less jitter.
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- ACRN can support a soft real-time OS such as preempt-rt Linux for
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soft-PLC control, or a hard real-time OS that offers less jitter.
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Automotive Application Scenarios
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================================
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As shown in :numref:`V2-SDC-scenario`, the ACRN hypervisor can be used
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for building Automotive Software Defined Cockpit (SDC) and In-Vehicle
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Experience (IVE) solutions.
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for building Automotive Software Defined Cockpit (SDC) and in-vehicle
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experience (IVE) solutions.
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.. figure:: images/ACRN-V2-SDC-scenario.png
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:width: 600px
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@@ -177,12 +177,12 @@ Experience (IVE) solutions.
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As a reference implementation, ACRN provides the basis for embedded
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hypervisor vendors to build solutions with a reference I/O mediation
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solution. In this scenario, an automotive SDC system consists of the
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Instrument Cluster (IC) system running in the Service VM and the In-Vehicle
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Infotainment (IVI) system is running the post-launched User VM. Additionally,
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instrument cluster (IC) system running in the Service VM and the in-vehicle
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infotainment (IVI) system is running the post-launched User VM. Additionally,
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one could modify the SDC scenario to add more post-launched User VMs that can
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host Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) systems (not shown on the picture).
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host rear seat entertainment (RSE) systems (not shown on the picture).
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An **Instrument Cluster (IC)** system is used to show the driver operational
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An **instrument cluster (IC)** system is used to show the driver operational
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information about the vehicle, such as:
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- the speed, fuel level, trip mileage, and other driving information of
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@@ -191,14 +191,14 @@ information about the vehicle, such as:
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fuel or tire pressure;
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- showing rear-view and surround-view cameras for parking assistance.
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An **In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI)** system's capabilities can include:
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An **in-vehicle infotainment (IVI)** system's capabilities can include:
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- navigation systems, radios, and other entertainment systems;
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- connection to mobile devices for phone calls, music, and applications
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via voice recognition;
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- control interaction by gesture recognition or touch.
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A **Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE)** system could run:
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A **rear seat entertainment (RSE)** system could run:
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- entertainment system;
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- virtual office;
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@@ -265,9 +265,9 @@ application scenario needs.
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- Post-launched VM
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-
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* - Hybrid Real-Time Usage Config
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* - Hybrid real-time Usage Config
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- Hybrid RT
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- Pre-launched VM (Real-Time VM)
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- Pre-launched VM (real-time VM)
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- Service VM
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- Post-launched VM
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-
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@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ Here are block diagrams for each of these four scenarios.
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SDC scenario
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============
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In this SDC scenario, an Instrument Cluster (IC) system runs with the
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Service VM and an In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) system runs in a user
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In this SDC scenario, an instrument cluster (IC) system runs with the
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Service VM and an in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) system runs in a user
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VM.
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.. figure:: images/ACRN-V2-SDC-scenario.png
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@@ -300,10 +300,10 @@ Industry scenario
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In this Industry scenario, the Service VM provides device sharing capability for
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a Windows-based HMI User VM. One post-launched User VM can run a Kata Container
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application. Another User VM supports either hard or soft Real-time OS
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application. Another User VM supports either hard or soft real-time OS
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applications. Up to five additional post-launched User VMs support functions
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such as Human Machine Interface (HMI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computer
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Vision, etc.
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such as human/machine interface (HMI), artificial intelligence (AI), computer
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vision, etc.
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.. figure:: images/ACRN-Industry.png
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:width: 600px
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@@ -326,10 +326,10 @@ non-real-time tasks.
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Hybrid scenario
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Hybrid Real-Time (RT) scenario
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Hybrid real-time (RT) scenario
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==============================
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In this Hybrid Real-Time (RT) scenario, a pre-launched RTVM is started by the
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In this Hybrid real-time (RT) scenario, a pre-launched RTVM is started by the
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hypervisor. The Service VM runs a post-launched User VM that runs non-safety or
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non-real-time tasks.
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@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ all types of Virtual Machines (VMs) represented:
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- Pre-launched Service VM
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- Post-launched User VM
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- Kata Container VM (post-launched)
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- Real-Time VM (RTVM)
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- real-time VM (RTVM)
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The Service VM owns most of the devices including the platform devices, and
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provides I/O mediation. The notable exceptions are the devices assigned to the
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@@ -557,11 +557,11 @@ emulation:
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* The third variation on hypervisor-based device emulation is
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**paravirtualized (PV) drivers**. In this model introduced by the `XEN
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project`_, the hypervisor includes the physical drivers, and each guest
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Project`_, the hypervisor includes the physical drivers, and each guest
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operating system includes a hypervisor-aware driver that works in
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concert with the hypervisor drivers.
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.. _XEN project:
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.. _XEN Project:
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https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Understanding_the_Virtualization_Spectrum
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In the device emulation models discussed above, there's a price to pay
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@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ Following along with the numbered items in :numref:`io-emulation-path`:
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module is activated to execute its processing APIs. Otherwise, the VHM
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module leaves the IO request in the shared page and wakes up the
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device model thread to process.
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5. The ACRN device model follow the same mechanism as the VHM. The I/O
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5. The ACRN device model follows the same mechanism as the VHM. The I/O
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processing thread of device model queries the IO request ring to get the
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PIO instruction details and checks to see if any (guest) device emulation
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module claims ownership of the IO port: if a module claimed it,
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@@ -813,7 +813,8 @@ here:
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The BE drivers only need to parse the virtqueue structures to obtain
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the requests and get the requests done. Virtqueue organization is
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specific to the User OS. In the implementation of Virtio in Linux, the
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virtqueue is implemented as a ring buffer structure called vring.
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virtqueue is implemented as a ring buffer structure called
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``vring``.
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In ACRN, the virtqueue APIs can be leveraged
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directly so users don't need to worry about the details of the
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@@ -841,8 +842,8 @@ space as shown in :numref:`virtio-framework-userland`:
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In the Virtio user-land framework, the implementation is compatible with
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Virtio Spec 0.9/1.0. The VBS-U is statically linked with the Device Model,
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and communicates with the Device Model through the PCIe interface: PIO/MMIO
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or MSI/MSIx. VBS-U accesses Virtio APIs through the user space vring service
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API helpers. User space vring service API helpers access shared ring
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or MSI/MSIx. VBS-U accesses Virtio APIs through the user space ``vring`` service
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API helpers. User space ``vring`` service API helpers access shared ring
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through a remote memory map (mmap). VHM maps User VM memory with the help of
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ACRN Hypervisor.
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