diff --git a/hypervisor/arch/x86/ept.c b/hypervisor/arch/x86/ept.c
index 795b09381..abbababaf 100644
--- a/hypervisor/arch/x86/ept.c
+++ b/hypervisor/arch/x86/ept.c
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ int dm_emulate_mmio_post(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 	if (vcpu->mmio.read_write == HV_MEM_IO_READ) {
 		vcpu->mmio.value = vcpu->req.reqs.mmio_request.value;
 		/* Emulate instruction and update vcpu register set */
-		ret = emulate_instruction(vcpu, &vcpu->mmio);
+		ret = emulate_instruction(vcpu);
 		if (ret != 0)
 			goto out;
 	}
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ static int dm_emulate_mmio_pre(struct vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t exit_qual)
 	int status;
 
 	if (vcpu->mmio.read_write == HV_MEM_IO_WRITE) {
-		status = emulate_instruction(vcpu, &vcpu->mmio);
+		status = emulate_instruction(vcpu);
 		if (status != 0)
 			return status;
 		vcpu->req.reqs.mmio_request.value = vcpu->mmio.value;
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ int ept_violation_vmexit_handler(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 		}
 
 		if (mmio->read_write == HV_MEM_IO_WRITE) {
-			if (emulate_instruction(vcpu, mmio) != 0)
+			if (emulate_instruction(vcpu) != 0)
 				goto out;
 		}
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ int ept_violation_vmexit_handler(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 		hv_emulate_mmio(vcpu, mmio, mmio_handler);
 		if (mmio->read_write == HV_MEM_IO_READ) {
 			/* Emulate instruction and update vcpu register set */
-			if (emulate_instruction(vcpu, mmio) != 0)
+			if (emulate_instruction(vcpu) != 0)
 				goto out;
 		}
 
diff --git a/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul.h b/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul.h
index e9d2c825d..b222ab565 100644
--- a/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul.h
+++ b/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul.h
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void vie_init(struct vie *vie, const char *inst_bytes, uint32_t inst_length);
 int __decode_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu, uint64_t gla,
 		enum vm_cpu_mode cpu_mode, int csd, struct vie *vie);
 
-int emulate_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu, struct mem_io *mmio);
+int emulate_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu);
 uint8_t decode_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu);
 
 #endif	/* _VMM_INSTRUCTION_EMUL_H_ */
diff --git a/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul_wrapper.c b/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul_wrapper.c
index 3dc57a634..ad2a87c84 100644
--- a/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul_wrapper.c
+++ b/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/instr_emul_wrapper.c
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ struct emul_cnx {
 	struct vie vie;
 	struct vm_guest_paging paging;
 	struct vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct mem_io *mmio;
 };
 
 static DEFINE_CPU_DATA(struct emul_cnx, g_inst_ctxt);
@@ -334,38 +333,20 @@ static void get_guest_paging_info(struct vcpu *vcpu, struct emul_cnx *emul_cnx)
 static int mmio_read(struct vcpu *vcpu, __unused uint64_t gpa, uint64_t *rval,
 		__unused int size, __unused void *arg)
 {
-	struct emul_cnx *emul_cnx;
-	struct mem_io *mmio;
-
 	if (!vcpu)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	emul_cnx = &per_cpu(g_inst_ctxt, vcpu->pcpu_id);
-	mmio = emul_cnx->mmio;
-
-	ASSERT(mmio != NULL, "invalid mmio when reading");
-
-	*rval = mmio->value;
-
+	*rval = vcpu->mmio.value;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int mmio_write(struct vcpu *vcpu, __unused uint64_t gpa, uint64_t wval,
 		__unused int size, __unused void *arg)
 {
-	struct emul_cnx *emul_cnx;
-	struct mem_io *mmio;
-
 	if (!vcpu)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	emul_cnx = &per_cpu(g_inst_ctxt, vcpu->pcpu_id);
-	mmio = emul_cnx->mmio;
-
-	ASSERT(mmio != NULL, "invalid mmio when writing");
-
-	mmio->value = wval;
-
+	vcpu->mmio.value = wval;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -398,7 +379,6 @@ uint8_t decode_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	guest_rip_hva = GPA2HVA(vcpu->vm, guest_rip_gpa);
 	emul_cnx = &per_cpu(g_inst_ctxt, vcpu->pcpu_id);
-	emul_cnx->mmio = &vcpu->mmio;
 	emul_cnx->vcpu = vcpu;
 
 	/* by now, HVA <-> HPA is 1:1 mapping, so use hpa is OK*/
@@ -409,8 +389,6 @@ uint8_t decode_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 	csar = exec_vmread(VMX_GUEST_CS_ATTR);
 	cpu_mode = get_vmx_cpu_mode();
 
-	vcpu->mmio.private_data = emul_cnx;
-
 	retval = __decode_instruction(vcpu, guest_rip_gva,
 			cpu_mode, SEG_DESC_DEF32(csar), &emul_cnx->vie);
 
@@ -423,32 +401,20 @@ uint8_t decode_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 	return  emul_cnx->vie.opsize;
 }
 
-int emulate_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu, struct mem_io *mmio)
+int emulate_instruction(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct emul_cnx *emul_cnx = (struct emul_cnx *)(mmio->private_data);
-	struct vm_guest_paging *paging = &emul_cnx->paging;
-	int i, retval = 0;
-	uint64_t gpa = mmio->paddr;
+	struct emul_cnx *emul_cnx;
+	struct vm_guest_paging *paging;
+	int retval = 0;
+	uint64_t gpa = vcpu->mmio.paddr;
 	mem_region_read_t mread = mmio_read;
 	mem_region_write_t mwrite = mmio_write;
 
+	emul_cnx = &per_cpu(g_inst_ctxt, vcpu->pcpu_id);
+	paging = &emul_cnx->paging;
+
 	retval = vmm_emulate_instruction(vcpu, gpa,
 			&emul_cnx->vie, paging, mread, mwrite, &retval);
 
-	if (retval != 0) {
-		/* dump to instruction when emulation failed */
-		pr_err("emulate following instruction failed @ 0x%016llx:",
-			exec_vmread(VMX_GUEST_RIP));
-		for (i = 0; i < emul_cnx->vie.num_valid; i++) {
-			if (i >= VIE_INST_SIZE)
-				break;
-
-			if (i == 0)
-				pr_err("\n");
-
-			pr_err("%d=%02hhx ",
-				i, emul_cnx->vie.inst[i]);
-		}
-	}
 	return retval;
 }
diff --git a/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/vlapic.c b/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/vlapic.c
index 4b256b46f..3b2af2d78 100644
--- a/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/vlapic.c
+++ b/hypervisor/arch/x86/guest/vlapic.c
@@ -2180,11 +2180,11 @@ int apic_access_vmexit_handler(struct vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	decode_instruction(vcpu);
 	if (access_type == 1) {
-		if (!emulate_instruction(vcpu, &vcpu->mmio))
+		if (!emulate_instruction(vcpu))
 			vlapic_write(vlapic, 1, offset, vcpu->mmio.value);
 	} else if (access_type == 0) {
 		vlapic_read(vlapic, 1, offset, &vcpu->mmio.value);
-		emulate_instruction(vcpu, &vcpu->mmio);
+		emulate_instruction(vcpu);
 	}
 
 	TRACE_2L(TRC_VMEXIT_APICV_ACCESS, qual, (uint64_t)vlapic);