/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2011 NetApp, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NETAPP, INC ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL NETAPP, INC OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <openssl/md5.h>
#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30000000L
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#endif

#include "dm.h"
#include "pci_core.h"
#include "virtio.h"
#include "block_if.h"
#include "monitor.h"

#define VIRTIO_BLK_RINGSZ	64
#define VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_OPTS_LEN	256

#define VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK	0
#define VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR	1
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP	2

#define	VIRTIO_BLK_BLK_ID_BYTES	20

/* Capability bits */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_SEG_MAX	(1 << 2)	/* Maximum request segments */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_RO		(1 << 5)	/* Device is read-only */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_BLK_SIZE	(1 << 6)	/* cfg block size valid */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_FLUSH	(1 << 9)	/* Cache flush support */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_TOPOLOGY	(1 << 10)	/* Optimal I/O alignment */

/* Device can toggle its cache between writeback and writethrough modes */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE	(1 << 11)
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_MQ		(1 << 12)	/* support more than one vq */
#define	VIRTIO_BLK_F_DISCARD	(1 << 13)

/*
 * Basic device capabilities
 */
#define VIRTIO_BLK_S_HOSTCAPS      \
	(VIRTIO_BLK_F_SEG_MAX |						    \
	VIRTIO_BLK_F_BLK_SIZE |						    \
	VIRTIO_BLK_F_TOPOLOGY |						    \
	(1 << VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC))	/* indirect descriptors */

/*
 * Writeback cache bits
 */
#define VIRTIO_BLK_F_WB_BITS	\
	(VIRTIO_BLK_F_FLUSH |	\
	VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE)

/*
 * Config space "registers"
 */
struct virtio_blk_config {
	uint64_t capacity;
	uint32_t size_max;
	uint32_t seg_max;
	struct {
		uint16_t cylinders;
		uint8_t heads;
		uint8_t sectors;
	} geometry;
	uint32_t blk_size;
	struct {
		uint8_t physical_block_exp;
		uint8_t alignment_offset;
		uint16_t min_io_size;
		uint32_t opt_io_size;
	} topology;
	uint8_t	writeback;
	uint8_t unused;
	/* num_queues when VIRTIO_BLK_F_MQ is support*/
	uint16_t num_queues;
	/* The maximum discard sectors (in 512-byte sectors) for one segment */
	uint32_t max_discard_sectors;
	/* The maximum number of discard segments */
	uint32_t max_discard_seg;
	/* Discard commands must be aligned to this number of sectors. */
	uint32_t discard_sector_alignment;
} __attribute__((packed));

/*
 * Fixed-size block header
 */
struct virtio_blk_hdr {
#define	VBH_OP_READ		0
#define	VBH_OP_WRITE		1
#define	VBH_OP_FLUSH		4
#define	VBH_OP_FLUSH_OUT	5
#define	VBH_OP_IDENT		8
#define	VBH_OP_DISCARD		11
#define	VBH_FLAG_BARRIER	0x80000000	/* OR'ed into type */
	uint32_t type;
	uint32_t ioprio;
	uint64_t sector;
} __attribute__((packed));

/*
 * Debug printf
 */
static int virtio_blk_debug;
#define DPRINTF(params) do { if (virtio_blk_debug) pr_dbg params; } while (0)
#define WPRINTF(params) (pr_err params)

/*
 * Flag to indicate VM Monitor Rescan registration.
 */
static bool register_vm_monitor_blkrescan = false;

static struct monitor_vm_ops virtio_blk_rescan_ops = {
	.rescan	= vm_monitor_blkrescan,
};

struct virtio_blk_ioreq {
	struct blockif_req req;
	struct virtio_blk *blk;
	uint8_t *status;
	uint16_t idx;
};

/*
 * Per-device struct
 */
struct virtio_blk {
	struct virtio_base base;
	pthread_mutex_t mtx;
	struct virtio_vq_info *vqs;
	struct virtio_blk_config cfg;
	bool dummy_bctxt; /* Used in blockrescan. Indicate if the bctxt can be used */
	struct blockif_ctxt *bc;
	char ident[VIRTIO_BLK_BLK_ID_BYTES + 1];
	struct virtio_blk_ioreq *ios;
	uint8_t original_wce;
	int num_vqs;
	struct iothreads_info iothrds_info;
	struct virtio_ops ops;
};

static void virtio_blk_reset(void *);
static void virtio_blk_notify(void *, struct virtio_vq_info *);
static int virtio_blk_cfgread(void *, int, int, uint32_t *);
static int virtio_blk_cfgwrite(void *, int, int, uint32_t);

static void
virtio_blk_reset(void *vdev)
{
	struct virtio_blk *blk = vdev;

	DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: device reset requested !\n"));
	virtio_reset_dev(&blk->base);
	/* Reset virtio-blk device only on valid bctxt*/
	if (!blk->dummy_bctxt)
		blockif_set_wce(blk->bc, blk->original_wce);
}

static void
virtio_blk_done(struct blockif_req *br, int err)
{
	struct virtio_blk_ioreq *io = br->param;
	struct virtio_blk *blk = io->blk;
	struct virtio_vq_info *vq = blk->vqs + br->qidx;

	if (err)
		DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: done with error = %d\n\r", err));

	/* convert errno into a virtio block error return */
	if (err == EOPNOTSUPP || err == ENOSYS)
		*io->status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
	else if (err != 0)
		*io->status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR;
	else
		*io->status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK;

	/*
	 * Return the descriptor back to the host.
	 * We wrote 1 byte (our status) to host.
	 */
	pthread_mutex_lock(&vq->mtx);
	vq_relchain(vq, io->idx, 1);
	vq_endchains(vq, !vq_has_descs(vq));
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&vq->mtx);
}

static void
virtio_blk_abort(struct virtio_vq_info *vq, uint16_t idx)
{
	if (idx < vq->qsize) {
		vq_relchain(vq, idx, 1);
		vq_endchains(vq, 0);
	}
}

static void
virtio_blk_proc(struct virtio_blk *blk, struct virtio_vq_info *vq)
{
	struct virtio_blk_hdr *vbh;
	struct virtio_blk_ioreq *io;
	int i, n, qidx;
	int err;
	ssize_t iolen;
	int writeop, type;
	struct iovec iov[BLOCKIF_IOV_MAX + 2];
	uint16_t idx, flags[BLOCKIF_IOV_MAX + 2];

	qidx = vq - blk->vqs;
	idx = vq->qsize;
	n = vq_getchain(vq, &idx, iov, BLOCKIF_IOV_MAX + 2, flags);

	/*
	 * The first descriptor will be the read-only fixed header,
	 * and the last is for status (hence +2 above and below).
	 * The remaining iov's are the actual data I/O vectors.
	 *
	 * XXX - note - this fails on crash dump, which does a
	 * VIRTIO_BLK_T_FLUSH with a zero transfer length
	 */
	if (n < 2 || n > BLOCKIF_IOV_MAX + 2) {
		WPRINTF(("%s: vq_getchain failed\n", __func__));
		virtio_blk_abort(vq, idx);
		return;
	}

	io = &blk->ios[qidx * VIRTIO_BLK_RINGSZ + idx];
	if ((flags[0] & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) != 0) {
		WPRINTF(("%s: the type for hdr should not be VRING_DESC_F_WRITE\n", __func__));
		virtio_blk_abort(vq, idx);
		return;
	}
	if (iov[0].iov_len != sizeof(struct virtio_blk_hdr)) {
		WPRINTF(("%s: the size for hdr %ld should be %ld \n",
						__func__,
						iov[0].iov_len,
						sizeof(struct virtio_blk_hdr)));
		virtio_blk_abort(vq, idx);
		return;
	}
	vbh = iov[0].iov_base;
	memcpy(&io->req.iov, &iov[1], sizeof(struct iovec) * (n - 2));
	io->req.iovcnt = n - 2;
	io->req.offset = vbh->sector * DEV_BSIZE;
	io->status = iov[--n].iov_base;
	if (iov[n].iov_len != 1 || ((flags[n] & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) == 0)) {
		WPRINTF(("%s: status iov is invalid!\n", __func__));
		virtio_blk_abort(vq, idx);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * XXX
	 * The guest should not be setting the BARRIER flag because
	 * we don't advertise the capability.
	 */
	type = vbh->type & ~VBH_FLAG_BARRIER;
	writeop = ((type == VBH_OP_WRITE) ||
			(type == VBH_OP_DISCARD));

	if (blk->dummy_bctxt) {
		WPRINTF(("Block context invalid: Operation cannot be permitted!\n"));
		virtio_blk_done(&io->req, EPERM);
		return;
	}

	if (writeop && blockif_is_ro(blk->bc)) {
		WPRINTF(("Cannot write to a read-only storage!\n"));
		virtio_blk_done(&io->req, EROFS);
		return;
	}

	iolen = 0;
	for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
		/*
		 * - write/discard op implies read-only descriptor,
		 * - read/ident op implies write-only descriptor,
		 * therefore test the inverse of the descriptor bit
		 * to the op.
		 */
		if (((flags[i] & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) == 0) != writeop) {
			WPRINTF(("%s: flag is confict with operation\n", __func__));
			virtio_blk_done(&io->req, EINVAL);
			return;
		}
		iolen += iov[i].iov_len;
	}
	io->req.resid = iolen;

	DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: %s op, %zd bytes, %d segs, offset %ld\n\r",
		 writeop ? "write/discard" : "read/ident", iolen, i - 1,
		 io->req.offset));

	switch (type) {
	case VBH_OP_READ:
	case VBH_OP_WRITE:
		/*
		 * VirtIO v1.0 spec 04 5.2.5:
		 * - Protocol unit size is always 512 bytes.
		 * - blk_size (logical block size) and physical_block_exp
		 *   (physical block size) do not affect the units in the
		 *   protocol, only performance.
		 *
		 * VirtIO v1.0 spec 04 5.2.6.1:
		 * - A driver MUST NOT submit a request which would cause a
		 *   read or write beyond capacity.
		 */
		if ((iolen & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)) ||
		    vbh->sector + iolen / DEV_BSIZE > blk->cfg.capacity) {
			DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: invalid request, iolen = %ld, "
			         "sector = %lu, capacity = %lu\n\r", iolen,
			         vbh->sector, blk->cfg.capacity));
			virtio_blk_done(&io->req, EINVAL);
			return;
		}

		err = ((type == VBH_OP_READ) ? blockif_read : blockif_write)
				(blk->bc, &io->req);
		break;
	case VBH_OP_DISCARD:
		err = blockif_discard(blk->bc, &io->req);
		break;
	case VBH_OP_FLUSH:
	case VBH_OP_FLUSH_OUT:
		err = blockif_flush(blk->bc, &io->req);
		break;
	case VBH_OP_IDENT:
		/* Assume a single buffer */
		/* S/n equal to buffer is not zero-terminated. */
		memset(iov[1].iov_base, 0, iov[1].iov_len);
		strncpy(iov[1].iov_base, blk->ident,
		    MIN(iov[1].iov_len, sizeof(blk->ident)));
		virtio_blk_done(&io->req, 0);
		return;
	default:
		virtio_blk_done(&io->req, EOPNOTSUPP);
		return;
	}
	if (err)
		WPRINTF(("%s: request process failed\n", __func__));
}

static void
virtio_blk_notify(void *vdev, struct virtio_vq_info *vq)
{
	struct virtio_blk *blk = vdev;

	if (!vq_has_descs(vq))
		return;

	/*
	 * The two while loop here is to avoid the race:
	 *
	 * FE could send a request right after the BE break from internal while loop.
	 * At that time, FE still not aware the NO_NOTIFY is clear, so send the request
	 * without notification. This request would be lost.
	 *
	 * So, after enable NOTIFY, need to check the queue again to dry the
	 * requests in virtqueue.
	 * */
	do {
		vq->used->flags |= VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY;
		mb();
		do {
			virtio_blk_proc(blk, vq);
		} while (vq_has_descs(vq));

		vq_clear_used_ring_flags(&blk->base, vq);
		mb();
	} while (vq_has_descs(vq));
}

static uint64_t
virtio_blk_get_caps(struct virtio_blk *blk, bool wb)
{
	uint64_t caps;

	caps = VIRTIO_BLK_S_HOSTCAPS;
	if (wb)
		caps |= VIRTIO_BLK_F_WB_BITS;

	if (blockif_candiscard(blk->bc))
		caps |= VIRTIO_BLK_F_DISCARD;

	if (blockif_is_ro(blk->bc))
		caps |= VIRTIO_BLK_F_RO;

	if (blk->num_vqs > 1)
		caps |= VIRTIO_BLK_F_MQ;

	return caps;
}

static void
virtio_blk_update_config_space(struct virtio_blk *blk)
{
	off_t size = 0;
	int sectsz = 0, sts = 0, sto = 0;

	size = blockif_size(blk->bc);
	sectsz = blockif_sectsz(blk->bc);
	blockif_psectsz(blk->bc, &sts, &sto);

	/* setup virtio block config space */
	blk->cfg.capacity = size / DEV_BSIZE; /* 512-byte units */
	blk->cfg.size_max = 0;	/* not negotiated */
	blk->cfg.seg_max = BLOCKIF_IOV_MAX;
	blk->cfg.geometry.cylinders = 0;	/* no geometry */
	blk->cfg.geometry.heads = 0;
	blk->cfg.geometry.sectors = 0;
	blk->cfg.blk_size = sectsz;
	blk->cfg.topology.physical_block_exp =
	    (sts > sectsz) ? (ffsll(sts / sectsz) - 1) : 0;
	blk->cfg.topology.alignment_offset =
	    (sto != 0) ? ((sts - sto) / sectsz) : 0;
	blk->cfg.topology.min_io_size = 0;
	blk->cfg.writeback = blockif_get_wce(blk->bc);
	blk->cfg.num_queues = (uint16_t)blk->num_vqs;
	blk->original_wce = blk->cfg.writeback; /* save for reset */
	if (blockif_candiscard(blk->bc)) {
		blk->cfg.max_discard_sectors = blockif_max_discard_sectors(blk->bc);
		blk->cfg.max_discard_seg = blockif_max_discard_seg(blk->bc);
		blk->cfg.discard_sector_alignment = blockif_discard_sector_alignment(blk->bc);
	}
	blk->base.device_caps =
		virtio_blk_get_caps(blk, !!blk->cfg.writeback);
}

static void
virtio_blk_init_ops(struct virtio_blk *blk, int num_vqs)
{
	blk->ops.name = "virtio_blk";
	blk->ops.nvq = num_vqs;
	blk->ops.cfgsize = sizeof(struct virtio_blk_config);
	blk->ops.reset = virtio_blk_reset;
	blk->ops.cfgread = virtio_blk_cfgread;
	blk->ops.cfgwrite = virtio_blk_cfgwrite;
}

static int
virtio_blk_init(struct vmctx *ctx, struct pci_vdev *dev, char *opts)
{
	bool dummy_bctxt;
	char bident[16];
	struct blockif_ctxt *bctxt;
	char *opts_tmp = NULL;
	char *opts_start = NULL;
	char *opt = NULL;
	u_char digest[16];
	struct virtio_blk *blk;
	bool use_iothread;
	struct iothread_ctx *ioctx_base = NULL;
	struct iothreads_info iothrds_info;
	int num_vqs;
	int i, j;
	pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
	int rc;
	struct iothreads_option iot_opt;

	memset(&iot_opt, 0, sizeof(iot_opt));

	bctxt = NULL;
	/* Assume the bctxt is valid, until identified otherwise */
	dummy_bctxt = false;
	use_iothread = false;
	num_vqs = 1;

	if (opts == NULL) {
		pr_err("virtio_blk: backing device required\n");
		return -1;
	}

	/*
	 * The supplied backing file has to exist
	 */
	if (snprintf(bident, sizeof(bident), "%d:%d",
				dev->slot, dev->func) >= sizeof(bident)) {
		WPRINTF(("bident error, please check slot and func\n"));
	}

	/*
	 * If "nodisk" keyword is found in opts, this is not a valid backend
	 * file. Skip blockif_open and set dummy bctxt in virtio_blk struct
	 */

	opts_start = opts_tmp = strdup(opts);
	if (!opts_start) {
		WPRINTF(("%s: strdup failed\n", __func__));
		return -1;
	}
	if (strstr(opts, "nodisk") == NULL) {
		/*
		 * both ",iothread" and ",mq=int" are consumed by virtio-blk
		 * and must be specified before any other opts which will
		 * be used by blockif_open.
		 */
		char *p = opts_start;
		while (opts_tmp != NULL) {
			opt = strsep(&opts_tmp, ",");

			if (!strncmp(opt, "iothread", strlen("iothread"))) {
				use_iothread = true;
				strsep(&opt, "=");

				if (iothread_parse_options(opt, &iot_opt) < 0) {
					free(opts_start);
					return -1;
				}

				p = opts_tmp;
			} else if (!strncmp(opt, "mq", strlen("mq"))) {
				strsep(&opt, "=");
				if (opt != NULL) {
					if (dm_strtoi(opt, &opt, 10, &num_vqs) ||
						(num_vqs <= 0)) {
						WPRINTF(("%s: incorrect num queues %s\n",
							__func__, opt));
						free(opts_start);
						return -1;
					}
					/* the max vq number allowed by FE is guest cpu num */
					if (num_vqs > guest_cpu_num())
						num_vqs = guest_cpu_num();
				}
				p = opts_tmp;
			} else {
				/* The opts_start is truncated by strsep, opts_tmp is also
				 * changed by strsetp, so use opts which points to the
				 * original parameter string
				 */
				p = opts + (p - opts_start);
				break;
			}
		}

		if (use_iothread) {
			/*
			 * Creating more iothread instances than the number of virtqueues is not necessary.
			 * - One or more vqs can be handled in one iothread.
			 * - The mapping between virtqueues and iothreads is based on round robin.
			 */
			if (iot_opt.num > num_vqs) {
				iot_opt.num = num_vqs;
			}

			if (snprintf(iot_opt.tag, sizeof(iot_opt.tag), "blk%s", bident) >= sizeof(iot_opt.tag)) {
				pr_err("%s: virtio-blk ioctx_tag too long \n", __func__);
			}

			ioctx_base = iothread_create(&iot_opt);
			iothread_free_options(&iot_opt);
			if (ioctx_base == NULL) {
				pr_err("%s: Fails to create iothread context instance \n", __func__);
				return -1;
			}
		}
		iothrds_info.ioctx_base = ioctx_base;
		iothrds_info.num = iot_opt.num;

		bctxt = blockif_open(p, bident, num_vqs, &iothrds_info);
		if (bctxt == NULL) {
			pr_err("Could not open backing file");
			free(opts_start);
			return -1;
		}
	} else {
		dummy_bctxt = true;
	}

	free(opts_start);


	blk = calloc(1, sizeof(struct virtio_blk));
	if (!blk) {
		WPRINTF(("virtio_blk: calloc returns NULL\n"));
		return -1;
	}

	blk->iothrds_info.ioctx_base = ioctx_base;
	blk->iothrds_info.num = iot_opt.num;

	blk->bc = bctxt;
	/* Update virtio-blk device struct of dummy ctxt*/
	blk->dummy_bctxt = dummy_bctxt;

	blk->num_vqs = num_vqs;
	blk->vqs = calloc(blk->num_vqs, sizeof(struct virtio_vq_info));
	if (!blk->vqs) {
		WPRINTF(("virtio_blk: calloc vqs returns NULL\n"));
		free(blk);
		return -1;
	}
	blk->ios = calloc(blk->num_vqs * VIRTIO_BLK_RINGSZ,
		sizeof(struct virtio_blk_ioreq));
	if (!blk->ios) {
		WPRINTF(("virtio_blk: calloc ios returns NULL\n"));
		free(blk->vqs);
		free(blk);
		return -1;
	}

	for (j = 0; j < num_vqs; j++) {
		for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_BLK_RINGSZ; i++) {
			struct virtio_blk_ioreq *io = &blk->ios[j * VIRTIO_BLK_RINGSZ + i];

			io->req.callback = virtio_blk_done;
			io->req.param = io;
			io->req.qidx = j;
			io->blk = blk;
			io->idx = i;
		}
	}

	/* init mutex attribute properly to avoid deadlock */
	rc = pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
	if (rc)
		DPRINTF(("mutexattr init failed with erro %d!\n", rc));
	rc = pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
	if (rc)
		DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: mutexattr_settype failed with "
					"error %d!\n", rc));

	rc = pthread_mutex_init(&blk->mtx, &attr);
	if (rc)
		DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: pthread_mutex_init failed with "
					"error %d!\n", rc));

	virtio_blk_init_ops(blk, num_vqs);

	/* init virtio struct and virtqueues */
	virtio_linkup(&blk->base, &(blk->ops), blk, dev, blk->vqs, BACKEND_VBSU);
	blk->base.iothread = use_iothread;
	blk->base.mtx = &blk->mtx;

	for (j = 0; j < num_vqs; j++) {
		blk->vqs[j].qsize = VIRTIO_BLK_RINGSZ;
		blk->vqs[j].notify = virtio_blk_notify;
		if (use_iothread) {
			blk->vqs[j].viothrd.ioctx = ioctx_base + j % (iot_opt.num);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Create an identifier for the backing file. Use parts of the
	 * md5 sum of the filename
	 */
#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30000000L
	EVP_MD_CTX *mdctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
	EVP_DigestInit_ex(mdctx, EVP_md5(), NULL);
	EVP_DigestUpdate(mdctx, opts, strnlen(opts, VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_OPTS_LEN));
	EVP_DigestFinal_ex(mdctx, digest, NULL);
	EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx);
#else
	MD5_CTX mdctx;
	MD5_Init(&mdctx);
	MD5_Update(&mdctx, opts, strnlen(opts, VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_OPTS_LEN));
	MD5_Final(digest, &mdctx);
#endif
	rc = snprintf(blk->ident, sizeof(blk->ident),
		"ACRN--%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X", digest[0],
		digest[1], digest[2], digest[3], digest[4], digest[5]);
	if (rc >= sizeof(blk->ident) || rc < 0)
		WPRINTF(("virtio_blk: device name is invalid!\n"));

	/* Setup virtio block config space only for valid backend file*/
	if (!blk->dummy_bctxt)
		virtio_blk_update_config_space(blk);

	/*
	 * Should we move some of this into virtio.c?  Could
	 * have the device, class, and subdev_0 as fields in
	 * the virtio constants structure.
	 */
	pci_set_cfgdata16(dev, PCIR_DEVICE, VIRTIO_DEV_BLOCK);
	pci_set_cfgdata16(dev, PCIR_VENDOR, VIRTIO_VENDOR);
	pci_set_cfgdata8(dev, PCIR_CLASS, PCIC_STORAGE);
	pci_set_cfgdata16(dev, PCIR_SUBDEV_0, VIRTIO_TYPE_BLOCK);
	if (is_winvm == true)
		pci_set_cfgdata16(dev, PCIR_SUBVEND_0, ORACLE_VENDOR_ID);
	else
		pci_set_cfgdata16(dev, PCIR_SUBVEND_0, VIRTIO_VENDOR);

	if (virtio_interrupt_init(&blk->base, virtio_uses_msix())) {
		/* call close only for valid bctxt */
		if (!blk->dummy_bctxt)
			blockif_close(blk->bc);
		free(blk);
		return -1;
	}
	virtio_set_io_bar(&blk->base, 0);

	/*
	 * Register ops for virtio-blk Rescan
	 */
	if (register_vm_monitor_blkrescan == false) {

		register_vm_monitor_blkrescan = true;
		if (monitor_register_vm_ops(&virtio_blk_rescan_ops, ctx,
						"virtio_blk_rescan") < 0)
			pr_err("Rescan registration to VM monitor failed\n");
	}

	return 0;
}

static void
virtio_blk_deinit(struct vmctx *ctx, struct pci_vdev *dev, char *opts)
{
	struct blockif_ctxt *bctxt;
	struct virtio_blk *blk;

	if (dev->arg) {
		DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: deinit\n"));
		blk = (struct virtio_blk *) dev->arg;
		/* De-init virtio-blk device only on valid bctxt*/
		if (!blk->dummy_bctxt) {
			bctxt = blk->bc;
			if (blockif_flush_all(bctxt))
				WPRINTF(("vrito_blk: Failed to flush before close\n"));
			blockif_close(bctxt);
		}
		virtio_reset_dev(&blk->base);
		if (blk->ios)
			free(blk->ios);
		if (blk->vqs)
			free(blk->vqs);
		free(blk);
	}
}

static int
virtio_blk_cfgwrite(void *vdev, int offset, int size, uint32_t value)
{
	struct virtio_blk *blk = vdev;
	struct virtio_blk_config *blkcfg = &(blk->cfg);
	void *ptr;

	ptr = (uint8_t *)blkcfg + offset;

	if ((offset == offsetof(struct virtio_blk_config, writeback))
		&& (size == 1)) {
		memcpy(ptr, &value, size);
		/* Update write cache enable only on valid bctxt*/
		if (!blk->dummy_bctxt)
			blockif_set_wce(blk->bc, blkcfg->writeback);
		if (blkcfg->writeback)
			blk->base.device_caps |= VIRTIO_BLK_F_FLUSH;
		else
			blk->base.device_caps &= ~VIRTIO_BLK_F_FLUSH;
		return 0;
	}

	DPRINTF(("virtio_blk: write to readonly reg %d\n\r", offset));
	return -1;
}

static int
virtio_blk_cfgread(void *vdev, int offset, int size, uint32_t *retval)
{
	struct virtio_blk *blk = vdev;
	void *ptr;

	/* our caller has already verified offset and size */
	ptr = (uint8_t *)&blk->cfg + offset;
	memcpy(retval, ptr, size);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * The following operations are done as part of blk rescan,
 * 1. Update the backing file for the virtio-blk device,
 *    with valid file. Basically update the empty file (with dummy bctxt)
 *    that was passed during VM launch.
 * 2. Update virtio-blk device configurations that were ignored for dummy
 *    backing file (dummy bctxt).
 * 3. Update size associated with valid backing file in the config space.
 * 4. Notify guest OS, of the new config change.
 * 5. On this notification, guest will do the following.
 *	(i). Update virtio-blk capacity.
 *	(ii).Revalidate the disk.
 *	(iii). Identify the newly plugged block device.
 */

/* Initiate Rescan of virtio-blk device */
int
virtio_blk_rescan(struct vmctx *ctx, struct pci_vdev *dev, char *newpath)
{
	int error = -1;
	char bident[16];
	struct blockif_ctxt *bctxt;
	struct virtio_blk *blk = (struct virtio_blk *) dev->arg;

	if (!blk) {
		pr_err("Invalid virtio_blk device!\n");
		goto end;
	}

	/* validate inputs for virtio-blk blockrescan */
	if (newpath == NULL) {
		pr_err("no path info available\n");
		goto end;
	}

	if (strstr(newpath, "nodisk") != NULL) {
		pr_err("no valid backend file found\n");
		goto end;
	}

	if (snprintf(bident, sizeof(bident), "%d:%d",
				dev->slot, dev->func) >= sizeof(bident)) {
		pr_err("bident error, please check slot and func\n");
		goto end;
	}

	/* If bctxt is valid, then return error. Current support is only when
	 * user has passed empty file during VM launch and wants to update it.
	 * If this is the case, blk->bc would be null.
	 */
	if (blk->bc) {
		pr_err("Replacing valid backend file not supported!\n");
		goto end;
	}

	pr_err("name=%s, Path=%s, ident=%s\n", dev->name, newpath, bident);
	/* update the bctxt for the virtio-blk device */
	bctxt = blockif_open(newpath, bident, blk->num_vqs, &blk->iothrds_info);
	if (bctxt == NULL) {
		pr_err("Error opening backing file\n");
		goto end;
	}

	blk->bc = bctxt;
	blk->dummy_bctxt = false;

	/* Update virtio-blk device configuration on valid file*/
	virtio_blk_update_config_space(blk);

	/* Notify guest of config change */
	virtio_config_changed(dev->arg);

	error = 0;
end:
	return error;
}

int
vm_monitor_blkrescan(void *arg, char *devargs)
{
	char *str;
	char *str_slot, *str_newpath;
	int slot;
	int error = 0;
	struct pci_vdev *dev;
	struct vmctx *ctx = (struct vmctx *)arg;

	/*Extract slot,path and additional params from args*/
	str = strdup(devargs);

	str_slot = strsep(&str, ",");
	str_newpath = strsep(&str, "");

	if ((str_slot != NULL) && (str_newpath != NULL)) {
		error = dm_strtoi(str_slot, &str_slot, 10, &slot);
		if (error) {
			pr_err("Incorrect slot, error=0x%x!\n", error);
			goto end;
		}

	} else {
		pr_err("Slot info or path not available!");
		error = -1;
		goto end;
	}

	dev = pci_get_vdev_info(slot);
	if (dev == NULL) {
		pr_err("vdev info failed for Slot %d\n!", slot);
		error = -1;
		goto end;
	}

	if (strstr(dev->name, "virtio-blk") == NULL) {
		error = -1;
		pr_err("virtio-blk only supports rescan: found %s at slot %d\n", dev->name, slot);
	} else {
		error = virtio_blk_rescan(ctx, dev, str_newpath);
		if (error) {
			pr_err("virtio-blk rescan failed!");
		}
	}
end:
	if (str)
		free(str);
	return error;
}

struct pci_vdev_ops pci_ops_virtio_blk = {
	.class_name	= "virtio-blk",
	.vdev_init	= virtio_blk_init,
	.vdev_deinit	= virtio_blk_deinit,
	.vdev_barwrite	= virtio_pci_write,
	.vdev_barread	= virtio_pci_read
};
DEFINE_PCI_DEVTYPE(pci_ops_virtio_blk);