Adds support for v2 registry login

summary of changes:

registry/auth.go
  - More logging around the login functions
  - split Login() out to handle different code paths for v1 (unchanged logic)
    and v2 (does not currently do account creation)
  - handling for either basic or token based login attempts
registry/authchallenge.go
  - New File
  - credit to Brian Bland <brian.bland@docker.com> (github: BrianBland)
  - handles parsing of WWW-Authenticate response headers
registry/endpoint.go
  - EVEN MOAR LOGGING
  - Many edits throught to make the coad less dense. Sparse code is more
    readable code.
  - slit Ping() out to handle different code paths for v1 (unchanged logic)
    and v2.
  - Updated Endpoint struct type to include an entry for authorization
    challenges discovered during ping of a v2 registry.
  - If registry endpoint version is unknown, v2 code path is first attempted,
    then fallback to v1 upon failure.
registry/service.go
  - STILL MOAR LOGGING
  - simplified the logic around starting the 'auth' job.
registry/session.go
  - updated use of a registry.Endpoint struct field.
registry/token.go
  - New File
  - Handles getting token from the parameters of a token auth challenge.
  - Modified from function written by Brian Bland (see above credit).
registry/types.go
  - Removed 'DefaultAPIVersion' in lieu of 'APIVersionUnknown = 0'`

Docker-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Josh Hawn <josh.hawn@docker.com> (github: jlhawn)

docs/authchallenge.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package registry
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Octet types from RFC 2616.
+type octetType byte
+
+// AuthorizationChallenge carries information
+// from a WWW-Authenticate response header.
+type AuthorizationChallenge struct {
+	Scheme     string
+	Parameters map[string]string
+}
+
+var octetTypes [256]octetType
+
+const (
+	isToken octetType = 1 << iota
+	isSpace
+)
+
+func init() {
+	// OCTET      = <any 8-bit sequence of data>
+	// CHAR       = <any US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127)>
+	// CTL        = <any US-ASCII control character (octets 0 - 31) and DEL (127)>
+	// CR         = <US-ASCII CR, carriage return (13)>
+	// LF         = <US-ASCII LF, linefeed (10)>
+	// SP         = <US-ASCII SP, space (32)>
+	// HT         = <US-ASCII HT, horizontal-tab (9)>
+	// <">        = <US-ASCII double-quote mark (34)>
+	// CRLF       = CR LF
+	// LWS        = [CRLF] 1*( SP | HT )
+	// TEXT       = <any OCTET except CTLs, but including LWS>
+	// separators = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@" | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
+	//              | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "=" | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
+	// token      = 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or separators>
+	// qdtext     = <any TEXT except <">>
+
+	for c := 0; c < 256; c++ {
+		var t octetType
+		isCtl := c <= 31 || c == 127
+		isChar := 0 <= c && c <= 127
+		isSeparator := strings.IndexRune(" \t\"(),/:;<=>?@[]\\{}", rune(c)) >= 0
+		if strings.IndexRune(" \t\r\n", rune(c)) >= 0 {
+			t |= isSpace
+		}
+		if isChar && !isCtl && !isSeparator {
+			t |= isToken
+		}
+		octetTypes[c] = t
+	}
+}
+
+func parseAuthHeader(header http.Header) []*AuthorizationChallenge {
+	var challenges []*AuthorizationChallenge
+	for _, h := range header[http.CanonicalHeaderKey("WWW-Authenticate")] {
+		v, p := parseValueAndParams(h)
+		if v != "" {
+			challenges = append(challenges, &AuthorizationChallenge{Scheme: v, Parameters: p})
+		}
+	}
+	return challenges
+}
+
+func parseValueAndParams(header string) (value string, params map[string]string) {
+	params = make(map[string]string)
+	value, s := expectToken(header)
+	if value == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	value = strings.ToLower(value)
+	s = "," + skipSpace(s)
+	for strings.HasPrefix(s, ",") {
+		var pkey string
+		pkey, s = expectToken(skipSpace(s[1:]))
+		if pkey == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "=") {
+			return
+		}
+		var pvalue string
+		pvalue, s = expectTokenOrQuoted(s[1:])
+		if pvalue == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		pkey = strings.ToLower(pkey)
+		params[pkey] = pvalue
+		s = skipSpace(s)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func skipSpace(s string) (rest string) {
+	i := 0
+	for ; i < len(s); i++ {
+		if octetTypes[s[i]]&isSpace == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return s[i:]
+}
+
+func expectToken(s string) (token, rest string) {
+	i := 0
+	for ; i < len(s); i++ {
+		if octetTypes[s[i]]&isToken == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return s[:i], s[i:]
+}
+
+func expectTokenOrQuoted(s string) (value string, rest string) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "\"") {
+		return expectToken(s)
+	}
+	s = s[1:]
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		switch s[i] {
+		case '"':
+			return s[:i], s[i+1:]
+		case '\\':
+			p := make([]byte, len(s)-1)
+			j := copy(p, s[:i])
+			escape := true
+			for i = i + i; i < len(s); i++ {
+				b := s[i]
+				switch {
+				case escape:
+					escape = false
+					p[j] = b
+					j++
+				case b == '\\':
+					escape = true
+				case b == '"':
+					return string(p[:j]), s[i+1:]
+				default:
+					p[j] = b
+					j++
+				}
+			}
+			return "", ""
+		}
+	}
+	return "", ""
+}