diff --git a/virtcontainers/container.go b/virtcontainers/container.go
index 0930069b8..fe7474718 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/container.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/container.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"syscall"
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ type ContainerConfig struct {
 	DeviceInfos []config.DeviceInfo
 
 	// Resources container resources
-	Resources ContainerResources
+	Resources specs.LinuxResources
 }
 
 // valid checks that the container configuration is valid.
@@ -658,9 +657,6 @@ func newContainer(sandbox *Sandbox, contConfig ContainerConfig) (*Container, err
 // - Unplug CPU and memory resources from the VM.
 // - Unplug devices from the VM.
 func (c *Container) rollbackFailingContainerCreation() {
-	if err := c.removeResources(); err != nil {
-		c.Logger().WithError(err).Error("rollback failed removeResources()")
-	}
 	if err := c.detachDevices(); err != nil {
 		c.Logger().WithError(err).Error("rollback failed detachDevices()")
 	}
@@ -684,15 +680,7 @@ func (c *Container) checkBlockDeviceSupport() bool {
 
 // createContainer creates and start a container inside a Sandbox. It has to be
 // called only when a new container, not known by the sandbox, has to be created.
-func createContainer(sandbox *Sandbox, contConfig ContainerConfig) (c *Container, err error) {
-	if sandbox == nil {
-		return nil, errNeedSandbox
-	}
-
-	c, err = newContainer(sandbox, contConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
+func (c *Container) create() (err error) {
 
 	if err = c.createContainersDirs(); err != nil {
 		return
@@ -717,10 +705,6 @@ func createContainer(sandbox *Sandbox, contConfig ContainerConfig) (c *Container
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err = c.addResources(); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
 	// Deduce additional system mount info that should be handled by the agent
 	// inside the VM
 	c.getSystemMountInfo()
@@ -729,16 +713,16 @@ func createContainer(sandbox *Sandbox, contConfig ContainerConfig) (c *Container
 		return
 	}
 
-	process, err := sandbox.agent.createContainer(c.sandbox, c)
+	process, err := c.sandbox.agent.createContainer(c.sandbox, c)
 	if err != nil {
-		return c, err
+		return err
 	}
 	c.process = *process
 
 	// If this is a sandbox container, store the pid for sandbox
 	ann := c.GetAnnotations()
 	if ann[annotations.ContainerTypeKey] == string(PodSandbox) {
-		sandbox.setSandboxPid(c.process.Pid)
+		c.sandbox.setSandboxPid(c.process.Pid)
 	}
 
 	// Store the container process returned by the agent.
@@ -750,7 +734,7 @@ func createContainer(sandbox *Sandbox, contConfig ContainerConfig) (c *Container
 		return
 	}
 
-	return c, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *Container) delete() error {
@@ -904,10 +888,6 @@ func (c *Container) stop() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := c.removeResources(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	if err := c.detachDevices(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1010,24 +990,28 @@ func (c *Container) update(resources specs.LinuxResources) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Container not running, impossible to update")
 	}
 
-	// fetch current configuration
-	currentConfig, err := c.sandbox.storage.fetchContainerConfig(c.sandbox.id, c.id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	if c.config.Resources.CPU == nil {
+		c.config.Resources.CPU = &specs.LinuxCPU{}
 	}
 
-	newResources := ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs: uint32(utils.ConstraintsToVCPUs(*resources.CPU.Quota, *resources.CPU.Period)),
-		// do page align to memory, as cgroup memory.limit_in_bytes will be aligned to page when effect.
-		// TODO use GetGuestDetails to get the guest OS page size.
-		MemByte: (*resources.Memory.Limit >> 12) << 12,
+	if cpu := resources.CPU; cpu != nil {
+		if p := cpu.Period; p != nil && *p != 0 {
+			c.config.Resources.CPU.Period = p
+		}
+		if q := cpu.Quota; q != nil && *q != 0 {
+			c.config.Resources.CPU.Quota = q
+		}
 	}
 
-	if err := c.updateResources(currentConfig.Resources, newResources); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if c.config.Resources.Memory == nil {
+		c.config.Resources.Memory = &specs.LinuxMemory{}
 	}
 
-	if err := c.storeContainer(); err != nil {
+	if mem := resources.Memory; mem != nil && mem.Limit != nil {
+		c.config.Resources.Memory.Limit = mem.Limit
+	}
+
+	if err := c.sandbox.updateResources(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -1219,191 +1203,3 @@ func (c *Container) detachDevices() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (c *Container) addResources() error {
-	if c.config == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	addResources := ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   c.config.Resources.VCPUs,
-		MemByte: c.config.Resources.MemByte,
-	}
-
-	if err := c.updateResources(ContainerResources{0, 0}, addResources); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *Container) removeResources() error {
-	if c.config == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// In order to don't remove vCPUs used by other containers, we have to remove
-	// only the vCPUs assigned to the container
-	config, err := c.sandbox.storage.fetchContainerConfig(c.sandbox.id, c.id)
-	if err != nil {
-		// don't fail, let's use the default configuration
-		config = *c.config
-	}
-
-	vCPUs := config.Resources.VCPUs
-	if vCPUs != 0 {
-		virtLog.Debugf("hot removing %d vCPUs", vCPUs)
-		if _, err := c.sandbox.hypervisor.hotplugRemoveDevice(vCPUs, cpuDev); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	// hot remove memory unsupported
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *Container) updateVCPUResources(oldResources ContainerResources, newResources *ContainerResources) error {
-	var vCPUs uint32
-	oldVCPUs := oldResources.VCPUs
-	newVCPUs := newResources.VCPUs
-
-	// Update vCPUs is not possible if oldVCPUs and newVCPUs are equal.
-	// Don't fail, the constraint still can be applied in the cgroup.
-	if oldVCPUs == newVCPUs {
-		c.Logger().WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"old-vcpus": fmt.Sprintf("%d", oldVCPUs),
-			"new-vcpus": fmt.Sprintf("%d", newVCPUs),
-		}).Debug("the actual number of vCPUs will not be modified")
-		return nil
-	} else if oldVCPUs < newVCPUs {
-		// hot add vCPUs
-		vCPUs = newVCPUs - oldVCPUs
-		virtLog.Debugf("hot adding %d vCPUs", vCPUs)
-		data, err := c.sandbox.hypervisor.hotplugAddDevice(vCPUs, cpuDev)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		vcpusAdded, ok := data.(uint32)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Could not get the number of vCPUs added, got %+v", data)
-		}
-		// recalculate the actual number of vCPUs if a different number of vCPUs was added
-		newResources.VCPUs = oldVCPUs + vcpusAdded
-		if err := c.sandbox.agent.onlineCPUMem(vcpusAdded, true); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-		// hot remove vCPUs
-		vCPUs = oldVCPUs - newVCPUs
-		virtLog.Debugf("hot removing %d vCPUs", vCPUs)
-		data, err := c.sandbox.hypervisor.hotplugRemoveDevice(vCPUs, cpuDev)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		vcpusRemoved, ok := data.(uint32)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Could not get the number of vCPUs removed, got %+v", data)
-		}
-		// recalculate the actual number of vCPUs if a different number of vCPUs was removed
-		newResources.VCPUs = oldVCPUs - vcpusRemoved
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// calculate hotplug memory size with memory block size of guestos
-func (c *Container) calcHotplugMemMiBSize(memByte int64) (uint32, error) {
-	memoryBlockSize := int64(c.sandbox.state.GuestMemoryBlockSizeMB)
-	if memoryBlockSize == 0 {
-		return uint32(memByte >> 20), nil
-	}
-
-	// TODO: hot add memory aligned to memory section should be more properly. See https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/624#issuecomment-419656853
-	return uint32(int64(math.Ceil(float64(memByte)/float64(memoryBlockSize<<20))) * memoryBlockSize), nil
-}
-
-func (c *Container) updateMemoryResources(oldResources ContainerResources, newResources *ContainerResources) error {
-	oldMemByte := oldResources.MemByte
-	newMemByte := newResources.MemByte
-	c.Logger().WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-		"old-mem": fmt.Sprintf("%dByte", oldMemByte),
-		"new-mem": fmt.Sprintf("%dByte", newMemByte),
-	}).Debug("Request update memory")
-
-	if oldMemByte == newMemByte {
-		c.Logger().WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"old-mem": fmt.Sprintf("%dByte", oldMemByte),
-			"new-mem": fmt.Sprintf("%dByte", newMemByte),
-		}).Debug("the actual number of Mem will not be modified")
-		return nil
-	} else if oldMemByte < newMemByte {
-		// hot add memory
-		addMemByte := newMemByte - oldMemByte
-		memHotplugMB, err := c.calcHotplugMemMiBSize(addMemByte)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		virtLog.Debugf("hotplug %dMB mem", memHotplugMB)
-		addMemDevice := &memoryDevice{
-			sizeMB: int(memHotplugMB),
-		}
-		data, err := c.sandbox.hypervisor.hotplugAddDevice(addMemDevice, memoryDev)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		memoryAdded, ok := data.(int)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Could not get the memory added, got %+v", data)
-		}
-		newResources.MemByte = oldMemByte + int64(memoryAdded)<<20
-		if err := c.sandbox.agent.onlineCPUMem(0, false); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Try to remove a memory device with the difference
-		// from new memory and old memory
-		removeMem := &memoryDevice{
-			sizeMB: int((oldMemByte - newMemByte) >> 20),
-		}
-
-		data, err := c.sandbox.hypervisor.hotplugRemoveDevice(removeMem, memoryDev)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		memoryRemoved, ok := data.(int)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Could not get the memory added, got %+v", data)
-		}
-		newResources.MemByte = oldMemByte - int64(memoryRemoved)<<20
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *Container) updateResources(oldResources, newResources ContainerResources) error {
-	// initialize with oldResources
-	c.config.Resources.VCPUs = oldResources.VCPUs
-	c.config.Resources.MemByte = oldResources.MemByte
-
-	// Cpu is not updated if period and/or quota not set
-	if newResources.VCPUs != 0 {
-		if err := c.updateVCPUResources(oldResources, &newResources); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		// Set container's config VCPUs field only
-		c.config.Resources.VCPUs = newResources.VCPUs
-	}
-
-	// Memory is not updated if memory limit not set
-	if newResources.MemByte != 0 {
-		if err := c.updateMemoryResources(oldResources, &newResources); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Set container's config MemByte field only
-		c.config.Resources.MemByte = newResources.MemByte
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/container_test.go b/virtcontainers/container_test.go
index a2326ef47..e9bb57bea 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/container_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/container_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/device/config"
 	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/device/drivers"
 	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/device/manager"
-	vcAnnotations "github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/pkg/annotations"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -299,156 +298,6 @@ func TestCheckSandboxRunningSuccessful(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err, "%v", err)
 }
 
-func TestContainerAddResources(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-
-	c := &Container{
-		sandbox: &Sandbox{
-			storage: &filesystem{},
-		},
-	}
-	err := c.addResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	c.config = &ContainerConfig{Annotations: make(map[string]string)}
-	c.config.Annotations[vcAnnotations.ContainerTypeKey] = string(PodSandbox)
-	err = c.addResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	c.config.Annotations[vcAnnotations.ContainerTypeKey] = string(PodContainer)
-	err = c.addResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	vCPUs := uint32(5)
-	memByte := int64(104857600)
-	c.config.Resources = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   vCPUs,
-		MemByte: memByte,
-	}
-	c.sandbox = &Sandbox{
-		hypervisor: &mockHypervisor{},
-		agent:      &noopAgent{},
-		storage:    &filesystem{},
-	}
-	err = c.addResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-}
-
-func TestContainerRemoveResources(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-
-	c := &Container{
-		sandbox: &Sandbox{
-			storage: &filesystem{},
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := c.addResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	c.config = &ContainerConfig{Annotations: make(map[string]string)}
-	c.config.Annotations[vcAnnotations.ContainerTypeKey] = string(PodSandbox)
-	err = c.removeResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	c.config.Annotations[vcAnnotations.ContainerTypeKey] = string(PodContainer)
-	err = c.removeResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	vCPUs := uint32(5)
-	c.config.Resources = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs: vCPUs,
-	}
-
-	c.sandbox = &Sandbox{
-		hypervisor: &mockHypervisor{},
-		storage:    &filesystem{},
-	}
-
-	err = c.removeResources()
-	assert.Nil(err)
-}
-
-func TestContainerUpdateResources(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-
-	sandbox := &Sandbox{
-		hypervisor: &mockHypervisor{},
-		agent:      &noopAgent{},
-		storage:    &filesystem{},
-	}
-
-	c := &Container{
-		sandbox: sandbox,
-	}
-	c.config = &ContainerConfig{Annotations: make(map[string]string)}
-
-	// VCPUs is equal to zero
-	oldResource := ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   0,
-		MemByte: 0,
-	}
-
-	newResource := ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   0,
-		MemByte: 104857600,
-	}
-
-	err := c.updateResources(oldResource, newResource)
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	// MemByte is equal to zero
-	newResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   5,
-		MemByte: 0,
-	}
-
-	err = c.updateResources(oldResource, newResource)
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	// oldResource is equal to newResource
-	oldResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   5,
-		MemByte: 104857600,
-	}
-
-	newResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   5,
-		MemByte: 104857600,
-	}
-
-	err = c.updateResources(oldResource, newResource)
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	// memory hotplug and cpu hotplug
-	oldResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   5,
-		MemByte: 104857600,
-	}
-
-	newResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   10,
-		MemByte: 209715200,
-	}
-
-	err = c.updateResources(oldResource, newResource)
-	assert.Nil(err)
-
-	// memory hot remove and cpu hot remove
-	oldResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   10,
-		MemByte: 209715200,
-	}
-
-	newResource = ContainerResources{
-		VCPUs:   5,
-		MemByte: 104857600,
-	}
-
-	err = c.updateResources(oldResource, newResource)
-	assert.Nil(err)
-}
-
 func TestContainerEnterErrorsOnContainerStates(t *testing.T) {
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 	c := &Container{
diff --git a/virtcontainers/hypervisor.go b/virtcontainers/hypervisor.go
index 7cad8be30..8387674a7 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/hypervisor.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/hypervisor.go
@@ -585,6 +585,8 @@ type hypervisor interface {
 	addDevice(devInfo interface{}, devType deviceType) error
 	hotplugAddDevice(devInfo interface{}, devType deviceType) (interface{}, error)
 	hotplugRemoveDevice(devInfo interface{}, devType deviceType) (interface{}, error)
+	resizeMemory(memMB uint32, memoryBlockSizeMB uint32) (uint32, error)
+	resizeVCPUs(vcpus uint32) (uint32, uint32, error)
 	getSandboxConsole(sandboxID string) (string, error)
 	disconnect()
 	capabilities() capabilities
diff --git a/virtcontainers/mock_hypervisor.go b/virtcontainers/mock_hypervisor.go
index de492f003..025527870 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/mock_hypervisor.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/mock_hypervisor.go
@@ -87,6 +87,13 @@ func (m *mockHypervisor) getSandboxConsole(sandboxID string) (string, error) {
 	return "", nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockHypervisor) resizeMemory(memMB uint32, memorySectionSizeMB uint32) (uint32, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+func (m *mockHypervisor) resizeVCPUs(cpus uint32) (uint32, uint32, error) {
+	return 0, 0, nil
+}
+
 func (m *mockHypervisor) disconnect() {
 }
 
diff --git a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go
index e0f431bb4..4fe588353 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/device/config"
 	vcAnnotations "github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/pkg/annotations"
 	dockershimAnnotations "github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/pkg/annotations/dockershim"
-	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/utils"
 )
 
 type annotationContainerType struct {
@@ -542,21 +541,6 @@ func ContainerConfig(ocispec CompatOCISpec, bundlePath, cid, console string, det
 		cmd.Capabilities = caps
 	}
 
-	var resources vc.ContainerResources
-	if ocispec.Linux.Resources.CPU != nil {
-		if ocispec.Linux.Resources.CPU.Quota != nil &&
-			ocispec.Linux.Resources.CPU.Period != nil {
-			resources.VCPUs = uint32(utils.ConstraintsToVCPUs(*ocispec.Linux.Resources.CPU.Quota, *ocispec.Linux.Resources.CPU.Period))
-		}
-	}
-	if ocispec.Linux.Resources.Memory != nil {
-		if ocispec.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit != nil {
-			// do page align to memory, as cgroup memory.limit_in_bytes will be aligned to page when effect
-			// TODO use GetGuestDetails to get the guest OS page size.
-			resources.MemByte = (*ocispec.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit >> 12) << 12
-		}
-	}
-
 	containerConfig := vc.ContainerConfig{
 		ID:             cid,
 		RootFs:         rootfs,
@@ -568,7 +552,7 @@ func ContainerConfig(ocispec CompatOCISpec, bundlePath, cid, console string, det
 		},
 		Mounts:      containerMounts(ocispec),
 		DeviceInfos: deviceInfos,
-		Resources:   resources,
+		Resources:   *ocispec.Linux.Resources,
 	}
 
 	cType, err := ocispec.ContainerType()
diff --git a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go
index 721d827c0..968fd5c69 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/pkg/oci/utils_test.go
@@ -209,6 +209,9 @@ func TestMinimalSandboxConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		Mounts:      expectedMounts,
 		DeviceInfos: expectedDeviceInfo,
+		Resources: specs.LinuxResources{Devices: []specs.LinuxDeviceCgroup{
+			{Allow: false, Type: "", Major: (*int64)(nil), Minor: (*int64)(nil), Access: "rwm"},
+		}},
 	}
 
 	expectedNetworkConfig := vc.NetworkConfig{}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/qemu.go b/virtcontainers/qemu.go
index 8027304fb..051db4cb2 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/qemu.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/qemu.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package virtcontainers
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
@@ -1078,34 +1079,52 @@ func (q *qemu) hotplugMemory(memDev *memoryDevice, op operation) (int, error) {
 	if memDev.sizeMB < 0 {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot hotplug negative size (%d) memory", memDev.sizeMB)
 	}
+	memLog := q.Logger().WithField("hotplug", "memory")
 
-	// We do not support memory hot unplug.
-	if op == removeDevice {
-		// Dont fail for now, until we fix it.
-		// We return that we only unplugged 0
-		q.Logger().Warn("hot-remove VM memory not supported")
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
+	memLog.WithField("hotplug-memory-mb", memDev.sizeMB).Debug("requested memory hotplug")
 	err := q.qmpSetup()
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
-	maxMem, err := q.hostMemMB()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	// calculate current memory
 	currentMemory := int(q.config.MemorySize) + q.state.HotpluggedMemory
 
-	// Don't exceed the maximum amount of memory
-	if currentMemory+memDev.sizeMB > int(maxMem) {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Unable to hotplug %d MiB memory, the SB has %d MiB and the maximum amount is %d MiB",
-			memDev.sizeMB, currentMemory, q.config.MemorySize)
+	if memDev.sizeMB == 0 {
+		memLog.Debug("hotplug is not required")
+		return 0, nil
 	}
 
+	switch op {
+	case removeDevice:
+		memLog.WithField("operation", "remove").Debugf("Requested to remove memory: %d MB", memDev.sizeMB)
+		// Dont fail but warn that this is not supported.
+		memLog.Warn("hot-remove VM memory not supported")
+		return 0, nil
+	case addDevice:
+		memLog.WithField("operation", "add").Debugf("Requested to add memory: %d MB", memDev.sizeMB)
+		maxMem, err := q.hostMemMB()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		// Don't exceed the maximum amount of memory
+		if currentMemory+memDev.sizeMB > int(maxMem) {
+			// Fixme: return a typed error
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("Unable to hotplug %d MiB memory, the SB has %d MiB and the maximum amount is %d MiB",
+				memDev.sizeMB, currentMemory, q.config.MemorySize)
+		}
+		memoryAdded, err := q.hotplugAddMemory(memDev)
+		if err != nil {
+			return memoryAdded, err
+		}
+		return memoryAdded, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid operation %v", op)
+	}
+
+}
+
+func (q *qemu) hotplugAddMemory(memDev *memoryDevice) (int, error) {
 	memoryDevices, err := q.qmpMonitorCh.qmp.ExecQueryMemoryDevices(q.qmpMonitorCh.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to query memory devices: %v", err)
@@ -1114,12 +1133,7 @@ func (q *qemu) hotplugMemory(memDev *memoryDevice, op operation) (int, error) {
 	if len(memoryDevices) != 0 {
 		memDev.slot = memoryDevices[len(memoryDevices)-1].Data.Slot + 1
 	}
-
-	return q.hotplugAddMemory(memDev)
-}
-
-func (q *qemu) hotplugAddMemory(memDev *memoryDevice) (int, error) {
-	err := q.qmpMonitorCh.qmp.ExecHotplugMemory(q.qmpMonitorCh.ctx, "memory-backend-ram", "mem"+strconv.Itoa(memDev.slot), "", memDev.sizeMB)
+	err = q.qmpMonitorCh.qmp.ExecHotplugMemory(q.qmpMonitorCh.ctx, "memory-backend-ram", "mem"+strconv.Itoa(memDev.slot), "", memDev.sizeMB)
 	if err != nil {
 		q.Logger().WithError(err).Error("hotplug memory")
 		return 0, err
@@ -1243,6 +1257,77 @@ func (q *qemu) disconnect() {
 	q.qmpShutdown()
 }
 
+// resizeMemory get a request to update the VM memory to reqMemMB
+// Memory update is managed with two approaches
+// Add memory to VM:
+// When memory is required to be added we hotplug memory
+// Remove Memory from VM/ Return memory to host.
+//
+// Memory unplug can be slow and it cannot be guaranteed.
+// Additionally, the unplug has not small granularly it has to be
+// the memory to remove has to be at least the size of one slot.
+// To return memory back we are resizing the VM memory balloon.
+// A longer term solution is evaluate solutions like virtio-mem
+func (q *qemu) resizeMemory(reqMemMB uint32, memoryBlockSizeMB uint32) (uint32, error) {
+
+	currentMemory := q.config.MemorySize + uint32(q.state.HotpluggedMemory)
+	err := q.qmpSetup()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	switch {
+	case currentMemory < reqMemMB:
+		//hotplug
+		addMemMB := reqMemMB - currentMemory
+		memHotplugMB, err := calcHotplugMemMiBSize(addMemMB, memoryBlockSizeMB)
+		if err != nil {
+			return currentMemory, err
+		}
+
+		addMemDevice := &memoryDevice{
+			sizeMB: int(memHotplugMB),
+		}
+		data, err := q.hotplugAddDevice(addMemDevice, memoryDev)
+		if err != nil {
+			return currentMemory, err
+		}
+		memoryAdded, ok := data.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			return currentMemory, fmt.Errorf("Could not get the memory added, got %+v", data)
+		}
+		currentMemory += uint32(memoryAdded)
+	case currentMemory > reqMemMB:
+		//hotunplug
+		addMemMB := currentMemory - reqMemMB
+		memHotunplugMB, err := calcHotplugMemMiBSize(addMemMB, memoryBlockSizeMB)
+		if err != nil {
+			return currentMemory, err
+		}
+
+		addMemDevice := &memoryDevice{
+			sizeMB: int(memHotunplugMB),
+		}
+		data, err := q.hotplugRemoveDevice(addMemDevice, memoryDev)
+		if err != nil {
+			return currentMemory, err
+		}
+		memoryRemoved, ok := data.(int)
+		if !ok {
+			return currentMemory, fmt.Errorf("Could not get the memory removed, got %+v", data)
+		}
+		//FIXME: This is to check memory hotplugRemoveDevice reported 0, as this is not supported.
+		// In the future if this is implemented this validation should be removed.
+		if memoryRemoved != 0 {
+			return currentMemory, fmt.Errorf("memory hot unplug is not supported, something went wrong")
+		}
+		currentMemory -= uint32(memoryRemoved)
+	}
+
+	// currentMemory is the current memory (updated) of the VM, return to caller to allow verify
+	// the current VM memory state.
+	return currentMemory, nil
+}
+
 // genericAppendBridges appends to devices the given bridges
 func genericAppendBridges(devices []govmmQemu.Device, bridges []Bridge, machineType string) []govmmQemu.Device {
 	bus := defaultPCBridgeBus
@@ -1349,3 +1434,45 @@ func (q *qemu) getThreadIDs() (*threadIDs, error) {
 	}
 	return &tid, nil
 }
+
+func calcHotplugMemMiBSize(mem uint32, memorySectionSizeMB uint32) (uint32, error) {
+	if memorySectionSizeMB == 0 {
+		return mem, nil
+	}
+
+	// TODO: hot add memory aligned to memory section should be more properly. See https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime/pull/624#issuecomment-419656853
+	return uint32(math.Ceil(float64(mem)/float64(memorySectionSizeMB))) * memorySectionSizeMB, nil
+}
+
+func (q *qemu) resizeVCPUs(reqVCPUs uint32) (currentVCPUs uint32, newVCPUs uint32, err error) {
+
+	currentVCPUs = q.config.NumVCPUs + uint32(len(q.state.HotpluggedVCPUs))
+	newVCPUs = currentVCPUs
+	switch {
+	case currentVCPUs < reqVCPUs:
+		//hotplug
+		addCPUs := reqVCPUs - currentVCPUs
+		data, err := q.hotplugAddDevice(addCPUs, cpuDev)
+		if err != nil {
+			return currentVCPUs, newVCPUs, err
+		}
+		vCPUsAdded, ok := data.(uint32)
+		if !ok {
+			return currentVCPUs, newVCPUs, fmt.Errorf("Could not get the vCPUs added, got %+v", data)
+		}
+		newVCPUs += vCPUsAdded
+	case currentVCPUs > reqVCPUs:
+		//hotunplug
+		removeCPUs := currentVCPUs - reqVCPUs
+		data, err := q.hotplugRemoveDevice(removeCPUs, cpuDev)
+		if err != nil {
+			return currentVCPUs, newVCPUs, err
+		}
+		vCPUsRemoved, ok := data.(uint32)
+		if !ok {
+			return currentVCPUs, newVCPUs, fmt.Errorf("Could not get the vCPUs removed, got %+v", data)
+		}
+		newVCPUs -= vCPUsRemoved
+	}
+	return currentVCPUs, newVCPUs, nil
+}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/sandbox.go b/virtcontainers/sandbox.go
index c6cf59699..e1cdaed01 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/sandbox.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/sandbox.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/device/drivers"
 	deviceManager "github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/device/manager"
 	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/pkg/types"
+	"github.com/kata-containers/runtime/virtcontainers/utils"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 )
 
@@ -342,6 +343,7 @@ type SandboxConfig struct {
 	// Containers describe the list of containers within a Sandbox.
 	// This list can be empty and populated by adding containers
 	// to the Sandbox a posteriori.
+	//TODO: this should be a map to avoid duplicated containers
 	Containers []ContainerConfig
 
 	// Annotations keys must be unique strings and must be name-spaced
@@ -1271,9 +1273,25 @@ func (s *Sandbox) newContainers() error {
 }
 
 // CreateContainer creates a new container in the sandbox
+// This should be called only when the sandbox is already created.
+// It will add new container config to sandbox.config.Containers
 func (s *Sandbox) CreateContainer(contConfig ContainerConfig) (VCContainer, error) {
 	// Create the container.
-	c, err := createContainer(s, contConfig)
+	c, err := newContainer(s, contConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Update sandbox config.
+	s.config.Containers = append(s.config.Containers, contConfig)
+
+	// Sandbox is reponsable to update VM resources needed by Containers
+	s.updateResources()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = c.create()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1289,8 +1307,6 @@ func (s *Sandbox) CreateContainer(contConfig ContainerConfig) (VCContainer, erro
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// Update sandbox config.
-	s.config.Containers = append(s.config.Containers, contConfig)
 	err = s.storage.storeSandboxResource(s.id, configFileType, *(s.config))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1316,6 +1332,7 @@ func (s *Sandbox) StartContainer(containerID string) (VCContainer, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	//Fixme Container delete from sandbox, need to update resources
 
 	return c, nil
 }
@@ -1445,7 +1462,12 @@ func (s *Sandbox) UpdateContainer(containerID string, resources specs.LinuxResou
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return c.update(resources)
+	err = c.update(resources)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return c.storeContainer()
 }
 
 // StatsContainer return the stats of a running container
@@ -1493,13 +1515,21 @@ func (s *Sandbox) createContainers() error {
 	span, _ := s.trace("createContainers")
 	defer span.Finish()
 
+	if err := s.updateResources(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	for _, contConfig := range s.config.Containers {
-		newContainer, err := createContainer(s, contConfig)
+
+		c, err := newContainer(s, contConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if err := c.create(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-		if err := s.addContainer(newContainer); err != nil {
+		if err := s.addContainer(c); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -1868,3 +1898,63 @@ func (s *Sandbox) AddDevice(info config.DeviceInfo) (api.Device, error) {
 
 	return b, nil
 }
+
+func (s *Sandbox) updateResources() error {
+	// the hypervisor.MemorySize is the amount of memory reserved for
+	// the VM and contaniners without memory limit
+
+	sumResources := specs.LinuxResources{
+		Memory: &specs.LinuxMemory{
+			Limit: new(int64),
+		},
+		CPU: &specs.LinuxCPU{
+			Period: new(uint64),
+			Quota:  new(int64),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range s.config.Containers {
+		if m := c.Resources.Memory; m != nil && m.Limit != nil {
+			*sumResources.Memory.Limit += *m.Limit
+		}
+		if cpu := c.Resources.CPU; cpu != nil {
+			if cpu.Period != nil && cpu.Quota != nil {
+				*sumResources.CPU.Period += *cpu.Period
+				*sumResources.CPU.Quota += *cpu.Quota
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sandboxVCPUs := uint32(utils.ConstraintsToVCPUs(*sumResources.CPU.Quota, *sumResources.CPU.Period))
+	sandboxVCPUs += s.hypervisor.hypervisorConfig().NumVCPUs
+
+	sandboxMemoryByte := int64(s.hypervisor.hypervisorConfig().MemorySize) << utils.MibToBytesShift
+	sandboxMemoryByte += *sumResources.Memory.Limit
+
+	// Update VCPUs
+	s.Logger().WithField("cpus-sandbox", sandboxVCPUs).Debugf("Request to hypervisor to update vCPUs")
+	oldCPUs, newCPUs, err := s.hypervisor.resizeVCPUs(sandboxVCPUs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// The CPUs were increased, ask agent to online them
+	if oldCPUs < newCPUs {
+		vcpusAdded := newCPUs - oldCPUs
+		if err := s.agent.onlineCPUMem(vcpusAdded, true); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	s.Logger().Debugf("Sandbox CPUs: %d", newCPUs)
+
+	// Update Memory
+	s.Logger().WithField("memory-sandbox-size-byte", sandboxMemoryByte).Debugf("Request to hypervisor to update memory")
+	newMemory, err := s.hypervisor.resizeMemory(uint32(sandboxMemoryByte>>utils.MibToBytesShift), s.state.GuestMemoryBlockSizeMB)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.Logger().Debugf("Sandbox memory size: %d Byte", newMemory)
+	if err := s.agent.onlineCPUMem(0, false); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go b/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go
index 88b31de39..ce4daad4c 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/sandbox_test.go
@@ -903,12 +903,12 @@ func TestSandboxGetContainer(t *testing.T) {
 
 	contID := "999"
 	contConfig := newTestContainerConfigNoop(contID)
-	newContainer, err := createContainer(p, contConfig)
+	nc, err := newContainer(p, contConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create container %+v in sandbox %+v: %v", contConfig, p, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := p.addContainer(newContainer); err != nil {
+	if err := p.addContainer(nc); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Could not add container to sandbox %v", err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/virtcontainers/utils/utils.go b/virtcontainers/utils/utils.go
index 8c2814b64..3d7d75c93 100644
--- a/virtcontainers/utils/utils.go
+++ b/virtcontainers/utils/utils.go
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ const cpBinaryName = "cp"
 
 const fileMode0755 = os.FileMode(0755)
 
+// MibToBytesShift the number to shift needed to convert MiB to Bytes
+const MibToBytesShift = 20
+
 // MaxSocketPathLen is the effective maximum Unix domain socket length.
 //
 // See unix(7).