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<h1>*** PLEASE NOTE: This document applies to the HEAD of the source
tree only. If you are using a released version of Kubernetes, you almost
certainly want the docs that go with that version.</h1>
<strong>Documentation for specific releases can be found at
[releases.k8s.io](http://releases.k8s.io).</strong>
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# Logging
## Logging by Kubernetes Components
Kubernetes components, such as kubelet and apiserver, use the [glog](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/glog) logging library. Developer conventions for logging severity are described in [devel/logging.md](devel/logging.md).
## Examining the logs of running containers
The logs of a running container may be fetched using the command `kubectl logs`. For example, given
this pod specification which has a container which writes out some text to standard
output every second [counter-pod.yaml](../examples/blog-logging/counter-pod.yaml):
```
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: counter
spec:
containers:
- name: count
image: ubuntu:14.04
args: [bash, -c,
'for ((i = 0; ; i++)); do echo "$i: $(date)"; sleep 1; done']
```
we can run the pod:
```
$ kubectl create -f counter-pod.yaml
pods/counter
```
and then fetch the logs:
```
$ kubectl logs counter
0: Tue Jun 2 21:37:31 UTC 2015
1: Tue Jun 2 21:37:32 UTC 2015
2: Tue Jun 2 21:37:33 UTC 2015
3: Tue Jun 2 21:37:34 UTC 2015
4: Tue Jun 2 21:37:35 UTC 2015
5: Tue Jun 2 21:37:36 UTC 2015
...
```
If a pod has more than one container then you need to specify which container's log files should
be fetched e.g.
```
$ kubectl logs kube-dns-v3-7r1l9 etcd
2015/06/23 00:43:10 etcdserver: start to snapshot (applied: 30003, lastsnap: 20002)
2015/06/23 00:43:10 etcdserver: compacted log at index 30003
2015/06/23 00:43:10 etcdserver: saved snapshot at index 30003
2015/06/23 02:05:42 etcdserver: start to snapshot (applied: 40004, lastsnap: 30003)
2015/06/23 02:05:42 etcdserver: compacted log at index 40004
2015/06/23 02:05:42 etcdserver: saved snapshot at index 40004
2015/06/23 03:28:31 etcdserver: start to snapshot (applied: 50005, lastsnap: 40004)
2015/06/23 03:28:31 etcdserver: compacted log at index 50005
2015/06/23 03:28:31 etcdserver: saved snapshot at index 50005
2015/06/23 03:28:56 filePurge: successfully removed file default.etcd/member/wal/0000000000000000-0000000000000000.wal
2015/06/23 04:51:03 etcdserver: start to snapshot (applied: 60006, lastsnap: 50005)
2015/06/23 04:51:03 etcdserver: compacted log at index 60006
2015/06/23 04:51:03 etcdserver: saved snapshot at index 60006
...
```
## Cluster level logging to Google Cloud Logging
The getting started guide [Cluster Level Logging to Google Cloud Logging](getting-started-guides/logging.md)
explains how container logs are ingested into [Google Cloud Logging](https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/)
and shows how to query the ingested logs.
## Cluster level logging with Elasticsearch and Kibana
The getting started guide [Cluster Level Logging with Elasticsearch and Kibana](getting-started-guides/logging-elasticsearch.md)
describes how to ingest cluster level logs into Elasticsearch and view them using Kibana.
## Ingesting Application Log Files
Cluster level logging only collects the standard output and standard error output of the applications
running in containers. The guide [Collecting log files within containers with Fluentd](../contrib/logging/fluentd-sidecar-gcp/README.md) explains how the log files of applications can also be ingested into Google Cloud logging.
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