Merge pull request #129816 from sambdavidson/master

Improve SA max token expiry with external signer logic, and plumb extended expiry duration.
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Kubernetes Prow Robot 2025-01-29 16:41:29 -08:00 committed by GitHub
commit 76506f1d87
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13 changed files with 138 additions and 108 deletions

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@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import (
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controlplane/reconcilers"
kubeoptions "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubeapiserver/options"
kubeletclient "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/client"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/serviceaccount"
netutils "k8s.io/utils/net"
)
@ -274,6 +275,7 @@ func TestAddFlags(t *testing.T) {
ServiceAccounts: &kubeoptions.ServiceAccountAuthenticationOptions{
Lookup: true,
ExtendExpiration: true,
MaxExtendedExpiration: serviceaccount.ExpirationExtensionSeconds * time.Second,
},
TokenFile: &kubeoptions.TokenFileAuthenticationOptions{},
TokenSuccessCacheTTL: 10 * time.Second,
@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ func TestAddFlags(t *testing.T) {
s.Authorization.AreLegacyFlagsSet = nil
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, s) {
t.Errorf("Got different run options than expected.\nDifference detected on:\n%s", cmp.Diff(expected, s, cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported(admission.Plugins{}, kubeoptions.OIDCAuthenticationOptions{}, kubeoptions.AnonymousAuthenticationOptions{})))
t.Errorf("Got different run options than expected.\nDifference detected on:\n%s", cmp.Diff(expected, s, cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apiserveroptions.ServerRunOptions{}, "ComponentGlobalsRegistry"), cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported(admission.Plugins{}, kubeoptions.OIDCAuthenticationOptions{}, kubeoptions.AnonymousAuthenticationOptions{})))
}
testEffectiveVersion := s.GenericServerRunOptions.ComponentGlobalsRegistry.EffectiveVersionFor("test")
if testEffectiveVersion.EmulationVersion().String() != "1.31" {

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@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ func (c *CompletedConfig) NewCoreGenericConfig() *corerest.GenericConfig {
LoopbackClientConfig: c.Generic.LoopbackClientConfig,
ServiceAccountIssuer: c.Extra.ServiceAccountIssuer,
ExtendExpiration: c.Extra.ExtendExpiration,
IsTokenSignerExternal: c.Extra.IsTokenSignerExternal,
ServiceAccountMaxExpiration: c.Extra.ServiceAccountMaxExpiration,
MaxExtendedExpiration: c.Extra.ServiceAccountExtendedMaxExpiration,
APIAudiences: c.Generic.Authentication.APIAudiences,
Informers: c.Extra.VersionedInformers,
}

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@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ type Extra struct {
ServiceAccountIssuer serviceaccount.TokenGenerator
ServiceAccountMaxExpiration time.Duration
ServiceAccountExtendedMaxExpiration time.Duration
ExtendExpiration bool
IsTokenSignerExternal bool
// ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery
ServiceAccountIssuerURL string
@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ func CreateConfig(
ServiceAccountIssuer: opts.ServiceAccountIssuer,
ServiceAccountMaxExpiration: opts.ServiceAccountTokenMaxExpiration,
ServiceAccountExtendedMaxExpiration: opts.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExtendedExpiration,
ExtendExpiration: opts.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.ExtendExpiration,
IsTokenSignerExternal: opts.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.IsTokenSignerExternal,
VersionedInformers: versionedInformers,
},

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@ -316,15 +316,19 @@ func (o *Options) completeServiceAccountOptions(ctx context.Context, completed *
if metadata.MaxTokenExpirationSeconds < validation.MinTokenAgeSec {
return fmt.Errorf("max token life supported by external-jwt-signer (%ds) is less than acceptable (min %ds)", metadata.MaxTokenExpirationSeconds, validation.MinTokenAgeSec)
}
if completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration != 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("service-account-max-token-expiration and service-account-signing-endpoint are mutually exclusive and cannot be set at the same time")
maxExternalExpiration := time.Duration(metadata.MaxTokenExpirationSeconds) * time.Second
switch {
case completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration == 0:
completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration = maxExternalExpiration
case completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration > maxExternalExpiration:
return fmt.Errorf("service-account-max-token-expiration cannot be set longer than the token expiration supported by service-account-signing-endpoint: %s > %s", completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration, maxExternalExpiration)
}
transitionWarningFmt = "service-account-extend-token-expiration is true, in order to correctly trigger safe transition logic, token lifetime supported by external-jwt-signer must be longer than %d seconds (currently %s)"
expExtensionWarningFmt = "service-account-extend-token-expiration is true, tokens validity will be caped at the smaller of %d seconds and maximum token lifetime supported by external-jwt-signer (%s)"
completed.ServiceAccountIssuer = plugin
completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.ExternalPublicKeysGetter = cache
completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration = time.Duration(metadata.MaxTokenExpirationSeconds) * time.Second
completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.IsTokenSignerExternal = true
// shorten ExtendedExpiration, if needed, to fit within the external signer's max expiration
completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExtendedExpiration = min(maxExternalExpiration, completed.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExtendedExpiration)
}
}

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@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
"github.com/spf13/pflag"
noopoteltrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace/noop"
utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/admission"
apiserveroptions "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/options"
@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ import (
"k8s.io/component-base/metrics"
utilversion "k8s.io/component-base/version"
kubeoptions "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubeapiserver/options"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/serviceaccount"
v1alpha1testing "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/serviceaccount/externaljwt/plugin/testing/v1alpha1"
netutils "k8s.io/utils/net"
)
@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ func TestAddFlags(t *testing.T) {
ServiceAccounts: &kubeoptions.ServiceAccountAuthenticationOptions{
Lookup: true,
ExtendExpiration: true,
MaxExtendedExpiration: serviceaccount.ExpirationExtensionSeconds * time.Second,
},
TokenFile: &kubeoptions.TokenFileAuthenticationOptions{},
TokenSuccessCacheTTL: 10 * time.Second,
@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ func TestAddFlags(t *testing.T) {
s.Authorization.AreLegacyFlagsSet = nil
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, s) {
t.Errorf("Got different run options than expected.\nDifference detected on:\n%s", cmp.Diff(expected, s, cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported(admission.Plugins{}, kubeoptions.OIDCAuthenticationOptions{}, kubeoptions.AnonymousAuthenticationOptions{})))
t.Errorf("Got different run options than expected.\nDifference detected on:\n%s", cmp.Diff(expected, s, cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apiserveroptions.ServerRunOptions{}, "ComponentGlobalsRegistry"), cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported(admission.Plugins{}, kubeoptions.OIDCAuthenticationOptions{}, kubeoptions.AnonymousAuthenticationOptions{})))
}
testEffectiveVersion := s.GenericServerRunOptions.ComponentGlobalsRegistry.EffectiveVersionFor("test")
@ -352,13 +353,14 @@ func TestCompleteForServiceAccount(t *testing.T) {
externalSigner bool
signingKeyFiles string
maxExpiration time.Duration
maxExtendedExpiration time.Duration
externalMaxExpirationSec int64
fetchError error
metadataError error
wantError error
expectedMaxtokenExp time.Duration
expectedIsExternalSigner bool
expectedExtendedMaxTokenExp time.Duration
externalPublicKeyGetterPresent bool
}{
{
@ -373,7 +375,7 @@ func TestCompleteForServiceAccount(t *testing.T) {
wantError: fmt.Errorf("service-account-signing-key-file and service-account-signing-endpoint are mutually exclusive and cannot be set at the same time"),
},
{
desc: "max token expiration breaching accepteable values",
desc: "max token expiration breaching acceptable values",
issuers: []string{
"iss",
},
@ -392,35 +394,50 @@ func TestCompleteForServiceAccount(t *testing.T) {
signingKeyFiles: "private_key.pem",
maxExpiration: time.Second * 3600,
expectedIsExternalSigner: false,
externalPublicKeyGetterPresent: false,
expectedMaxtokenExp: time.Second * 3600,
},
{
desc: "signing endpoint provided",
desc: "signing endpoint provided, use endpoint expiration",
issuers: []string{
"iss",
},
externalSigner: true,
signingKeyFiles: "",
maxExpiration: 0,
maxExtendedExpiration: 365 * 24 * time.Hour,
externalMaxExpirationSec: 600, // 10m
expectedIsExternalSigner: true,
expectedMaxtokenExp: 10 * time.Minute,
expectedExtendedMaxTokenExp: 10 * time.Minute,
externalPublicKeyGetterPresent: true,
expectedMaxtokenExp: time.Second * 600, // 10m
},
{
desc: "signing endpoint provided and max token expiration set",
desc: "signing endpoint provided, use local smaller expirations",
issuers: []string{
"iss",
},
externalSigner: true,
signingKeyFiles: "",
maxExpiration: time.Second * 3600,
externalMaxExpirationSec: 600, // 10m
maxExpiration: 1 * time.Hour,
maxExtendedExpiration: 24 * time.Hour,
externalMaxExpirationSec: 31556952, // 1 year
wantError: fmt.Errorf("service-account-max-token-expiration and service-account-signing-endpoint are mutually exclusive and cannot be set at the same time"),
expectedMaxtokenExp: 1 * time.Hour,
expectedExtendedMaxTokenExp: 24 * time.Hour,
externalPublicKeyGetterPresent: true,
},
{
desc: "signing endpoint provided and want larger than signer can provide",
issuers: []string{
"iss",
},
externalSigner: true,
signingKeyFiles: "",
maxExpiration: 1 * time.Hour, // want 1hr
externalMaxExpirationSec: 600, // signer can only sign 10m
wantError: fmt.Errorf("service-account-max-token-expiration cannot be set longer than the token expiration supported by service-account-signing-endpoint: 1h0m0s > 10m0s"),
},
{
desc: "signing endpoint provided but return smaller than accaptable max token exp",
@ -483,6 +500,7 @@ func TestCompleteForServiceAccount(t *testing.T) {
ServiceAccounts: &kubeoptions.ServiceAccountAuthenticationOptions{
Issuers: tc.issuers,
MaxExpiration: tc.maxExpiration,
MaxExtendedExpiration: tc.maxExtendedExpiration,
},
}
@ -507,8 +525,8 @@ func TestCompleteForServiceAccount(t *testing.T) {
if tc.externalPublicKeyGetterPresent != (co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.ExternalPublicKeysGetter != nil) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected value of ExternalPublicKeysGetter: %v", co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.ExternalPublicKeysGetter)
}
if tc.expectedIsExternalSigner != co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.IsTokenSignerExternal {
t.Errorf("Expected IsTokenSignerExternal %v, found %v", tc.expectedIsExternalSigner, co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.IsTokenSignerExternal)
if tc.expectedExtendedMaxTokenExp != co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExtendedExpiration {
t.Errorf("Expected MaxExtendedExpiration %v, found %v", tc.expectedExtendedMaxTokenExp, co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExtendedExpiration)
}
if tc.expectedMaxtokenExp.Seconds() != co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration.Seconds() {
t.Errorf("Expected MaxExpiration to be %v, found %v", tc.expectedMaxtokenExp, co.Authentication.ServiceAccounts.MaxExpiration)

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@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ type ServiceAccountAuthenticationOptions struct {
Lookup bool
Issuers []string
JWKSURI string
MaxExpiration time.Duration
ExtendExpiration bool
IsTokenSignerExternal bool
MaxExpiration time.Duration
MaxExtendedExpiration time.Duration
// OptionalTokenGetter is a function that returns a service account token getter.
// If not set, the default token getter will be used.
OptionalTokenGetter func(factory informers.SharedInformerFactory) serviceaccount.ServiceAccountTokenGetter
@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ func (o *BuiltInAuthenticationOptions) WithServiceAccounts() *BuiltInAuthenticat
}
o.ServiceAccounts.Lookup = true
o.ServiceAccounts.ExtendExpiration = true
o.ServiceAccounts.MaxExtendedExpiration = serviceaccount.ExpirationExtensionSeconds * time.Second
return o
}

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@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ func TestBuiltInAuthenticationOptionsAddFlags(t *testing.T) {
Issuers: []string{"http://foo.bar.com"},
JWKSURI: "https://qux.com",
ExtendExpiration: true,
MaxExtendedExpiration: serviceaccount.ExpirationExtensionSeconds * time.Second,
},
TokenFile: &TokenFileAuthenticationOptions{
TokenFile: "tokenfile",

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@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func (p *legacyProvider) NewRESTStorage(apiResourceConfigSource serverstorage.AP
utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(features.ServiceAccountTokenPodNodeInfo) {
nodeGetter = nodeStorage.Node.Store
}
serviceAccountStorage, err = serviceaccountstore.NewREST(restOptionsGetter, p.ServiceAccountIssuer, p.APIAudiences, p.ServiceAccountMaxExpiration, podStorage.Pod.Store, storage["secrets"].(rest.Getter), nodeGetter, p.ExtendExpiration, p.IsTokenSignerExternal)
serviceAccountStorage, err = serviceaccountstore.NewREST(restOptionsGetter, p.ServiceAccountIssuer, p.APIAudiences, p.ServiceAccountMaxExpiration, podStorage.Pod.Store, storage["secrets"].(rest.Getter), nodeGetter, p.ExtendExpiration, p.MaxExtendedExpiration)
if err != nil {
return genericapiserver.APIGroupInfo{}, err
}

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@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ type GenericConfig struct {
ServiceAccountIssuer serviceaccount.TokenGenerator
ServiceAccountMaxExpiration time.Duration
ExtendExpiration bool
IsTokenSignerExternal bool
MaxExtendedExpiration time.Duration
APIAudiences authenticator.Audiences
@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ func (c *GenericConfig) NewRESTStorage(apiResourceConfigSource serverstorage.API
var serviceAccountStorage *serviceaccountstore.REST
if c.ServiceAccountIssuer != nil {
serviceAccountStorage, err = serviceaccountstore.NewREST(restOptionsGetter, c.ServiceAccountIssuer, c.APIAudiences, c.ServiceAccountMaxExpiration, newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "pods"}), secretStorage.Store, newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "nodes"}), c.ExtendExpiration, c.IsTokenSignerExternal)
serviceAccountStorage, err = serviceaccountstore.NewREST(restOptionsGetter, c.ServiceAccountIssuer, c.APIAudiences, c.ServiceAccountMaxExpiration, newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "pods"}), secretStorage.Store, newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "nodes"}), c.ExtendExpiration, c.MaxExtendedExpiration)
} else {
serviceAccountStorage, err = serviceaccountstore.NewREST(restOptionsGetter, nil, nil, 0, newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "pods"}), newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "secrets"}), newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "nodes"}), false, c.IsTokenSignerExternal)
serviceAccountStorage, err = serviceaccountstore.NewREST(restOptionsGetter, nil, nil, 0, newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "pods"}), newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "secrets"}), newNotFoundGetter(schema.GroupResource{Resource: "nodes"}), false, c.MaxExtendedExpiration)
}
if err != nil {
return genericapiserver.APIGroupInfo{}, err

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type REST struct {
}
// NewREST returns a RESTStorage object that will work against service accounts.
func NewREST(optsGetter generic.RESTOptionsGetter, issuer token.TokenGenerator, auds authenticator.Audiences, max time.Duration, podStorage, secretStorage, nodeStorage rest.Getter, extendExpiration bool, isTokenSignerExternal bool) (*REST, error) {
func NewREST(optsGetter generic.RESTOptionsGetter, issuer token.TokenGenerator, auds authenticator.Audiences, max time.Duration, podStorage, secretStorage, nodeStorage rest.Getter, extendExpiration bool, maxExtendedExpiration time.Duration) (*REST, error) {
store := &genericregistry.Store{
NewFunc: func() runtime.Object { return &api.ServiceAccount{} },
NewListFunc: func() runtime.Object { return &api.ServiceAccountList{} },
@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ func NewREST(optsGetter generic.RESTOptionsGetter, issuer token.TokenGenerator,
auds: auds,
audsSet: sets.NewString(auds...),
maxExpirationSeconds: int64(max.Seconds()),
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: int64(maxExtendedExpiration.Seconds()),
extendExpiration: extendExpiration,
isTokenSignerExternal: isTokenSignerExternal,
}
}

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@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package storage
import (
"context"
"testing"
"time"
"gopkg.in/go-jose/go-jose.v2/jwt"
@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ func newTokenStorage(t *testing.T, issuer token.TokenGenerator, auds authenticat
ResourcePrefix: "serviceaccounts",
}
// set issuer, podStore and secretStore to allow the token endpoint to be initialised
rest, err := NewREST(restOptions, issuer, auds, 0, podStorage, secretStorage, nodeStorage, false, false)
rest, err := NewREST(restOptions, issuer, auds, 0, podStorage, secretStorage, nodeStorage, false, time.Hour*9999)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("unexpected error from REST storage: %v", err)
}

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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ type TokenREST struct {
audsSet sets.String
maxExpirationSeconds int64
extendExpiration bool
isTokenSignerExternal bool
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds int64
}
var _ = rest.NamedCreater(&TokenREST{})
@ -218,13 +218,7 @@ func (r *TokenREST) Create(ctx context.Context, name string, obj runtime.Object,
exp := req.Spec.ExpirationSeconds
if r.extendExpiration && pod != nil && req.Spec.ExpirationSeconds == token.WarnOnlyBoundTokenExpirationSeconds && r.isKubeAudiences(req.Spec.Audiences) {
warnAfter = exp
// If token issuer is external-jwt-signer, then choose the smaller of
// ExpirationExtensionSeconds and max token lifetime supported by external signer.
if r.isTokenSignerExternal {
exp = min(r.maxExpirationSeconds, token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds)
} else {
exp = token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds
}
exp = r.maxExtendedExpirationSeconds
}
sc, pc, err := token.Claims(*svcacct, pod, secret, node, exp, warnAfter, req.Spec.Audiences)

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@ -45,43 +45,50 @@ func TestCreate_Token_WithExpiryCap(t *testing.T) {
desc string
extendExpiration bool
maxExpirationSeconds int
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds int
expectedTokenAgeSec int
isExternal bool
}{
{
desc: "maxExpirationSeconds honoured",
extendExpiration: true,
desc: "passed expiration respected if less than max",
extendExpiration: false,
maxExpirationSeconds: 5 * 60 * 60, // 5h
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds, // 1y
expectedTokenAgeSec: token.WarnOnlyBoundTokenExpirationSeconds, // 1h 7s
},
{
desc: "maxExtendedExpirationSeconds honoured",
extendExpiration: true,
maxExpirationSeconds: 2 * 60 * 60, // 2h
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: 5 * 60 * 60, // 5h
expectedTokenAgeSec: 5 * 60 * 60, // 5h
isExternal: true,
},
{
desc: "ExpirationExtensionSeconds used for exp",
extendExpiration: true,
maxExpirationSeconds: 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, // 2 years
maxExpirationSeconds: 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, // 2y
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds, // 1y
expectedTokenAgeSec: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds, // 1y
isExternal: true,
},
{
desc: "ExpirationExtensionSeconds used for exp",
desc: "ExpirationSeconds used for exp",
extendExpiration: true,
maxExpirationSeconds: 5 * 60 * 60, // 5h
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds, // 1y
expectedTokenAgeSec: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds, // 1y
isExternal: false,
},
{
desc: "requested time use with extension disabled",
extendExpiration: false,
maxExpirationSeconds: 5 * 60 * 60, // 5h
expectedTokenAgeSec: 3607, // 1h
isExternal: true,
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds,
},
{
desc: "maxExpirationSeconds honoured with extension disabled",
extendExpiration: false,
maxExpirationSeconds: 30 * 60, // 30m
expectedTokenAgeSec: 30 * 60, // 30m
isExternal: true,
maxExtendedExpirationSeconds: token.ExpirationExtensionSeconds,
},
}
@ -127,7 +134,7 @@ func TestCreate_Token_WithExpiryCap(t *testing.T) {
ctx = request.WithNamespace(ctx, serviceAccount.Namespace)
storage.Token.extendExpiration = tc.extendExpiration
storage.Token.maxExpirationSeconds = int64(tc.maxExpirationSeconds)
storage.Token.isTokenSignerExternal = tc.isExternal
storage.Token.maxExtendedExpirationSeconds = int64(tc.maxExtendedExpirationSeconds)
tokenReqTimeStamp := time.Now()
out, err := storage.Token.Create(ctx, serviceAccount.Name, &authenticationapi.TokenRequest{
@ -161,13 +168,15 @@ func TestCreate_Token_WithExpiryCap(t *testing.T) {
t.Fatalf("Error unmarshalling Claims: %v", err)
}
structuredClaim.Expiry.Time()
upperBound := tokenReqTimeStamp.Add(time.Duration(tc.expectedTokenAgeSec+10) * time.Second)
lowerBound := tokenReqTimeStamp.Add(time.Duration(tc.expectedTokenAgeSec-10) * time.Second)
confidenceInterval := 10 // seconds
upperBound := tokenReqTimeStamp.Add(time.Duration(tc.expectedTokenAgeSec+confidenceInterval) * time.Second)
lowerBound := tokenReqTimeStamp.Add(time.Duration(tc.expectedTokenAgeSec-confidenceInterval) * time.Second)
// check for token expiration with a toleration of +/-10s after tokenReqTimeStamp to make for latencies.
if structuredClaim.Expiry.Time().After(upperBound) ||
structuredClaim.Expiry.Time().Before(lowerBound) {
t.Fatalf("expected token expiration to be between %v to %v\n was %v", upperBound, lowerBound, structuredClaim.Expiry.Time())
expiryDiff := structuredClaim.Expiry.Time().Sub(tokenReqTimeStamp)
t.Fatalf("expected token expiration to be %v (±%ds) in the future, was %v", time.Duration(tc.expectedTokenAgeSec)*time.Second, confidenceInterval, expiryDiff)
}
})