update kubectl help output for better organization

.generated_docs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ docs/man/man1/kubectl-get.1
 docs/man/man1/kubectl-label.1
 docs/man/man1/kubectl-logs.1
 docs/man/man1/kubectl-namespace.1
+docs/man/man1/kubectl-options.1
 docs/man/man1/kubectl-patch.1
 docs/man/man1/kubectl-port-forward.1
 docs/man/man1/kubectl-proxy.1
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_get.md
 docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_label.md
 docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_logs.md
 docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_namespace.md
+docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_options.md
 docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_patch.md
 docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_port-forward.md
 docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_proxy.md
@@ -164,6 +166,7 @@ docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_get.yaml
 docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_label.yaml
 docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_logs.yaml
 docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_namespace.yaml
+docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_options.yaml
 docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_patch.yaml
 docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_port-forward.yaml
 docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_proxy.yaml

docs/man/man1/kubectl-options.1

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This file is autogenerated, but we've stopped checking such files into the
+repository to reduce the need for rebases. Please run hack/generate-docs.sh to
+populate this file.

docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_options.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- BEGIN MUNGE: UNVERSIONED_WARNING -->
+
+<!-- BEGIN STRIP_FOR_RELEASE -->
+
+<img src="http://kubernetes.io/kubernetes/img/warning.png" alt="WARNING"
+     width="25" height="25">
+<img src="http://kubernetes.io/kubernetes/img/warning.png" alt="WARNING"
+     width="25" height="25">
+<img src="http://kubernetes.io/kubernetes/img/warning.png" alt="WARNING"
+     width="25" height="25">
+<img src="http://kubernetes.io/kubernetes/img/warning.png" alt="WARNING"
+     width="25" height="25">
+<img src="http://kubernetes.io/kubernetes/img/warning.png" alt="WARNING"
+     width="25" height="25">
+
+<h2>PLEASE NOTE: This document applies to the HEAD of the source tree</h2>
+
+If you are using a released version of Kubernetes, you should
+refer to the docs that go with that version.
+
+Documentation for other releases can be found at
+[releases.k8s.io](http://releases.k8s.io).
+</strong>
+--
+
+<!-- END STRIP_FOR_RELEASE -->
+
+<!-- END MUNGE: UNVERSIONED_WARNING -->
+
+This file is autogenerated, but we've stopped checking such files into the
+repository to reduce the need for rebases. Please run hack/generate-docs.sh to
+populate this file.
+
+<!-- BEGIN MUNGE: GENERATED_ANALYTICS -->
+[![Analytics](https://kubernetes-site.appspot.com/UA-36037335-10/GitHub/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_options.md?pixel)]()
+<!-- END MUNGE: GENERATED_ANALYTICS -->

docs/yaml/kubectl/kubectl_options.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This file is autogenerated, but we've stopped checking such files into the
+repository to reduce the need for rebases. Please run hack/generate-docs.sh to
+populate this file.

pkg/kubectl/cmd/cmd.go

@@ -17,16 +17,18 @@ limitations under the License.
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
-	"github.com/golang/glog"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/unversioned/clientcmd"
 	cmdconfig "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/config"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/rollout"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/set"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/templates"
 	cmdutil "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/util"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/flag"
 
+	"github.com/golang/glog"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -222,59 +224,89 @@ Find more information at https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.`,
 		Run: runHelp,
 		BashCompletionFunction: bash_completion_func,
 	}
-	cmds.SetHelpTemplate(help_template)
-	cmds.SetUsageTemplate(usage_template)
 
 	f.BindFlags(cmds.PersistentFlags())
 	f.BindExternalFlags(cmds.PersistentFlags())
 
-	cmds.SetHelpCommand(NewCmdHelp(f, out))
-
 	// From this point and forward we get warnings on flags that contain "_" separators
 	cmds.SetGlobalNormalizationFunc(flag.WarnWordSepNormalizeFunc)
 
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdGet(f, out, err))
+	groups := templates.CommandGroups{
-	cmds.AddCommand(set.NewCmdSet(f, out))
+		{
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdDescribe(f, out))
+			Message: "Basic Commands (Beginner):",
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdCreate(f, out))
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdReplace(f, out))
+				NewCmdCreate(f, out),
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdPatch(f, out))
+				NewCmdExposeService(f, out),
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdDelete(f, out))
+				NewCmdRun(f, in, out, err),
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdEdit(f, out, err))
+				set.NewCmdSet(f, out),
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdApply(f, out))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Message: "Basic Commands (Intermediate):",
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
+				NewCmdGet(f, out, err),
+				NewCmdExplain(f, out),
+				NewCmdEdit(f, out, err),
+				NewCmdDelete(f, out),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Message: "Deploy Commands:",
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
+				rollout.NewCmdRollout(f, out),
+				NewCmdRollingUpdate(f, out),
+				NewCmdScale(f, out),
+				NewCmdAutoscale(f, out),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Message: "Cluster Management Commands:",
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
+				NewCmdClusterInfo(f, out),
+				NewCmdTop(f, out),
+				NewCmdCordon(f, out),
+				NewCmdUncordon(f, out),
+				NewCmdDrain(f, out),
+				NewCmdTaint(f, out),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Message: "Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:",
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
+				NewCmdDescribe(f, out),
+				NewCmdLogs(f, out),
+				NewCmdAttach(f, in, out, err),
+				NewCmdExec(f, in, out, err),
+				NewCmdPortForward(f, out, err),
+				NewCmdProxy(f, out),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Message: "Advanced Commands:",
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
+				NewCmdApply(f, out),
+				NewCmdPatch(f, out),
+				NewCmdReplace(f, out),
+				NewCmdConvert(f, out),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Message: "Settings Commands:",
+			Commands: []*cobra.Command{
+				NewCmdLabel(f, out),
+				NewCmdAnnotate(f, out),
+				NewCmdCompletion(f, out),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	groups.Add(cmds)
 
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdNamespace(out))
+	filters := []string{
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdLogs(f, out))
+		"options",
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdRollingUpdate(f, out))
+		Deprecated("kubectl", "delete", cmds, NewCmdStop(f, out)),
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdScale(f, out))
+		Deprecated("kubectl", "config set-context", cmds, NewCmdNamespace(out)),
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdCordon(f, out))
+	}
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdDrain(f, out))
+	templates.ActsAsRootCommand(cmds, filters, groups...)
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdUncordon(f, out))
-
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdAttach(f, in, out, err))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdExec(f, in, out, err))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdPortForward(f, out, err))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdProxy(f, out))
-
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdRun(f, in, out, err))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdStop(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdExposeService(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdAutoscale(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(rollout.NewCmdRollout(f, out))
-
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdLabel(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdAnnotate(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdTaint(f, out))
-
-	cmds.AddCommand(cmdconfig.NewCmdConfig(clientcmd.NewDefaultPathOptions(), out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdClusterInfo(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdApiVersions(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdVersion(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdExplain(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdConvert(f, out))
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdCompletion(f, out))
-
-	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdTop(f, out))
 
 	if cmds.Flag("namespace") != nil {
 		if cmds.Flag("namespace").Annotations == nil {
@@ -286,6 +318,11 @@ Find more information at https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.`,
 		)
 	}
 
+	cmds.AddCommand(cmdconfig.NewCmdConfig(clientcmd.NewDefaultPathOptions(), out))
+	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdVersion(f, out))
+	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdApiVersions(f, out))
+	cmds.AddCommand(NewCmdOptions(out))
+
 	return cmds
 }
 
@@ -296,3 +333,10 @@ func runHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 func printDeprecationWarning(command, alias string) {
 	glog.Warningf("%s is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use %s instead.", alias, command)
 }
+
+func Deprecated(baseName, to string, parent, cmd *cobra.Command) string {
+	cmd.Long = fmt.Sprintf("Deprecated: This command is deprecated, all its functionalities are covered by \"%s %s\"", baseName, to)
+	cmd.Short = fmt.Sprintf("Deprecated: %s", to)
+	parent.AddCommand(cmd)
+	return cmd.Name()
+}

pkg/kubectl/cmd/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/templates"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// NewCmdOptions implements the options command
+func NewCmdOptions(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "options",
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			cmd.Usage()
+		},
+	}
+
+	templates.UseOptionsTemplates(cmd)
+
+	return cmd
+}

pkg/kubectl/cmd/templates/templater.go

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package templates
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
+
+// Content of this package was borrowed from openshift/origin.
+
+type CommandGroup struct {
+	Message  string
+	Commands []*cobra.Command
+}
+
+type CommandGroups []CommandGroup
+
+func (g CommandGroups) Add(c *cobra.Command) {
+	for _, group := range g {
+		for _, command := range group.Commands {
+			c.AddCommand(command)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (g CommandGroups) Has(c *cobra.Command) bool {
+	for _, group := range g {
+		for _, command := range group.Commands {
+			if command == c {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func AddAdditionalCommands(g CommandGroups, message string, cmds []*cobra.Command) CommandGroups {
+	group := CommandGroup{Message: message}
+	for _, c := range cmds {
+		// Don't show commands that has no short description
+		if !g.Has(c) && len(c.Short) != 0 {
+			group.Commands = append(group.Commands, c)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(group.Commands) == 0 {
+		return g
+	}
+	return append(g, group)
+}
+
+func filter(cmds []*cobra.Command, names ...string) []*cobra.Command {
+	out := []*cobra.Command{}
+	for _, c := range cmds {
+		if c.Hidden {
+			continue
+		}
+		skip := false
+		for _, name := range names {
+			if name == c.Name() {
+				skip = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if skip {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, c)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+type FlagExposer interface {
+	ExposeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, flags ...string) FlagExposer
+}
+
+func ActsAsRootCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, filters []string, groups ...CommandGroup) FlagExposer {
+	if cmd == nil {
+		panic("nil root command")
+	}
+	cmd.SetHelpTemplate(MainHelpTemplate())
+	templater := &templater{
+		RootCmd:       cmd,
+		UsageTemplate: MainUsageTemplate(),
+		CommandGroups: groups,
+		Filtered:      filters,
+	}
+	cmd.SetUsageFunc(templater.UsageFunc())
+	return templater
+}
+
+func UseOptionsTemplates(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	cmd.SetHelpTemplate(OptionsHelpTemplate())
+	templater := &templater{
+		UsageTemplate: OptionsUsageTemplate(),
+	}
+	cmd.SetUsageFunc(templater.UsageFunc())
+}
+
+type templater struct {
+	UsageTemplate string
+	RootCmd       *cobra.Command
+	CommandGroups
+	Filtered []string
+}
+
+func (templater *templater) ExposeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, flags ...string) FlagExposer {
+	cmd.SetUsageFunc(templater.UsageFunc(flags...))
+	return templater
+}
+
+func (templater *templater) UsageFunc(exposedFlags ...string) func(*cobra.Command) error {
+	return func(c *cobra.Command) error {
+		t := template.New("custom")
+
+		t.Funcs(template.FuncMap{
+			"trim":                strings.TrimSpace,
+			"trimRight":           func(s string) string { return strings.TrimRightFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace) },
+			"trimLeft":            func(s string) string { return strings.TrimLeftFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace) },
+			"gt":                  cobra.Gt,
+			"eq":                  cobra.Eq,
+			"rpad":                rpad,
+			"appendIfNotPresent":  appendIfNotPresent,
+			"flagsNotIntersected": flagsNotIntersected,
+			"visibleFlags":        visibleFlags,
+			"flagsUsages":         flagsUsages,
+			"indentLines":         indentLines,
+			"cmdGroups":           templater.cmdGroups,
+			"rootCmd":             templater.rootCmdName,
+			"isRootCmd":           templater.isRootCmd,
+			"optionsCmdFor":       templater.optionsCmdFor,
+			"usageLine":           templater.usageLine,
+			"exposed": func(c *cobra.Command) *flag.FlagSet {
+				exposed := flag.NewFlagSet("exposed", flag.ContinueOnError)
+				if len(exposedFlags) > 0 {
+					for _, name := range exposedFlags {
+						if flag := c.Flags().Lookup(name); flag != nil {
+							exposed.AddFlag(flag)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return exposed
+			},
+		})
+
+		template.Must(t.Parse(templater.UsageTemplate))
+		return t.Execute(c.OutOrStdout(), c)
+	}
+}
+
+func (templater *templater) cmdGroups(c *cobra.Command, all []*cobra.Command) []CommandGroup {
+	if len(templater.CommandGroups) > 0 && c == templater.RootCmd {
+		all = filter(all, templater.Filtered...)
+		return AddAdditionalCommands(templater.CommandGroups, "Other Commands:", all)
+	}
+	all = filter(all, "options")
+	return []CommandGroup{
+		{
+			Message:  "Available Commands:",
+			Commands: all,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *templater) rootCmdName(c *cobra.Command) string {
+	return t.rootCmd(c).CommandPath()
+}
+
+func (t *templater) isRootCmd(c *cobra.Command) bool {
+	return t.rootCmd(c) == c
+}
+
+func (t *templater) parents(c *cobra.Command) []*cobra.Command {
+	parents := []*cobra.Command{c}
+	for current := c; !t.isRootCmd(current) && current.HasParent(); {
+		current = current.Parent()
+		parents = append(parents, current)
+	}
+	return parents
+}
+
+func (t *templater) rootCmd(c *cobra.Command) *cobra.Command {
+	if c != nil && !c.HasParent() {
+		return c
+	}
+	if t.RootCmd == nil {
+		panic("nil root cmd")
+	}
+	return t.RootCmd
+}
+
+func (t *templater) optionsCmdFor(c *cobra.Command) string {
+	if !c.Runnable() {
+		return ""
+	}
+	rootCmdStructure := t.parents(c)
+	for i := len(rootCmdStructure) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		cmd := rootCmdStructure[i]
+		if _, _, err := cmd.Find([]string{"options"}); err == nil {
+			return cmd.CommandPath() + " options"
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (t *templater) usageLine(c *cobra.Command) string {
+	usage := c.UseLine()
+	suffix := "[options]"
+	if c.HasFlags() && !strings.Contains(usage, suffix) {
+		usage += " " + suffix
+	}
+	return usage
+}
+
+func flagsUsages(f *flag.FlagSet) string {
+	x := new(bytes.Buffer)
+
+	f.VisitAll(func(flag *flag.Flag) {
+		if flag.Hidden {
+			return
+		}
+		format := "--%s=%s: %s\n"
+
+		if flag.Value.Type() == "string" {
+			format = "--%s='%s': %s\n"
+		}
+
+		if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
+			format = "  -%s, " + format
+		} else {
+			format = "   %s   " + format
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(x, format, flag.Shorthand, flag.Name, flag.DefValue, flag.Usage)
+	})
+
+	return x.String()
+}
+
+func rpad(s string, padding int) string {
+	template := fmt.Sprintf("%%-%ds", padding)
+	return fmt.Sprintf(template, s)
+}
+
+func indentLines(s string, indentation int) string {
+	r := []string{}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(s, "\n") {
+		indented := strings.Repeat(" ", indentation) + line
+		r = append(r, indented)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(r, "\n")
+}
+
+func appendIfNotPresent(s, stringToAppend string) string {
+	if strings.Contains(s, stringToAppend) {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s + " " + stringToAppend
+}
+
+func flagsNotIntersected(l *flag.FlagSet, r *flag.FlagSet) *flag.FlagSet {
+	f := flag.NewFlagSet("notIntersected", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	l.VisitAll(func(flag *flag.Flag) {
+		if r.Lookup(flag.Name) == nil {
+			f.AddFlag(flag)
+		}
+	})
+	return f
+}
+
+func visibleFlags(l *flag.FlagSet) *flag.FlagSet {
+	hidden := "help"
+	f := flag.NewFlagSet("visible", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	l.VisitAll(func(flag *flag.Flag) {
+		if flag.Name != hidden {
+			f.AddFlag(flag)
+		}
+	})
+	return f
+}

pkg/kubectl/cmd/templates/templates.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package templates
+
+import "strings"
+
+func MainHelpTemplate() string {
+	return decorate(mainHelpTemplate, false)
+}
+
+func MainUsageTemplate() string {
+	return decorate(mainUsageTemplate, true) + "\n"
+}
+
+func OptionsHelpTemplate() string {
+	return decorate(optionsHelpTemplate, false)
+}
+
+func OptionsUsageTemplate() string {
+	return decorate(optionsUsageTemplate, false)
+}
+
+func decorate(template string, trim bool) string {
+	if trim && len(strings.Trim(template, " ")) > 0 {
+		template = strings.Trim(template, "\n")
+	}
+	return template
+}
+
+const (
+	vars = `{{$isRootCmd := isRootCmd .}}` +
+		`{{$rootCmd := rootCmd .}}` +
+		`{{$visibleFlags := visibleFlags (flagsNotIntersected .LocalFlags .PersistentFlags)}}` +
+		`{{$explicitlyExposedFlags := exposed .}}` +
+		`{{$optionsCmdFor := optionsCmdFor .}}` +
+		`{{$usageLine := usageLine .}}`
+
+	mainHelpTemplate = `{{with or .Long .Short }}{{. | trim}}{{end}}{{if or .Runnable .HasSubCommands}}{{.UsageString}}{{end}}`
+
+	mainUsageTemplate = vars +
+		// ALIASES
+		`{{if gt .Aliases 0}}
+
+Aliases:
+{{.NameAndAliases}}{{end}}` +
+
+		// EXAMPLES
+		`{{if .HasExample}}
+
+Examples:
+{{ indentLines (.Example | trimLeft) 2 }}{{end}}` +
+
+		// SUBCOMMANDS
+		`{{ if .HasAvailableSubCommands}}
+{{range cmdGroups . .Commands}}
+{{.Message}}
+{{range .Commands}}{{if .Runnable}}  {{rpad .Name .NamePadding }} {{.Short}}
+{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}` +
+
+		// VISIBLE FLAGS
+		`{{ if or $visibleFlags.HasFlags $explicitlyExposedFlags.HasFlags}}
+
+Options:
+{{ if $visibleFlags.HasFlags}}{{flagsUsages $visibleFlags}}{{end}}{{ if $explicitlyExposedFlags.HasFlags}}{{flagsUsages $explicitlyExposedFlags}}{{end}}{{end}}` +
+
+		// USAGE LINE
+		`{{if and .Runnable (ne .UseLine "") (ne .UseLine $rootCmd)}}
+Usage:
+  {{$usageLine}}
+{{end}}` +
+
+		// TIPS: --help
+		`{{ if .HasSubCommands }}
+Use "{{$rootCmd}} <command> --help" for more information about a given command.{{end}}` +
+
+		// TIPS: global options
+		`{{ if $optionsCmdFor}}
+Use "{{$optionsCmdFor}}" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).{{end}}`
+
+	optionsHelpTemplate = ``
+
+	optionsUsageTemplate = `{{ if .HasInheritedFlags}}The following options can be passed to any command:
+
+{{flagsUsages .InheritedFlags}}{{end}}`
+)