diff --git a/test/e2e/nodefeature/nodefeature.go b/test/e2e/nodefeature/nodefeature.go
index 964e7aefa85..ffa53ce8d42 100644
--- a/test/e2e/nodefeature/nodefeature.go
+++ b/test/e2e/nodefeature/nodefeature.go
@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ var (
 	// RecursiveReadOnlyMounts (SIG-node, used for testing recursive read-only mounts <https://kep.k8s.io/3857>)
 	RecursiveReadOnlyMounts = framework.WithNodeFeature(framework.ValidNodeFeatures.Add("RecursiveReadOnlyMounts"))
 
+	// TODO: document the feature (owning SIG, when to use this feature for a test)
+	ProcMountType = framework.WithNodeFeature(framework.ValidNodeFeatures.Add("ProcMountType"))
+
 	// TODO: document the feature (owning SIG, when to use this feature for a test)
 	ResourceMetrics = framework.WithNodeFeature(framework.ValidNodeFeatures.Add("ResourceMetrics"))
 
@@ -104,6 +107,8 @@ var (
 	// TODO: document the feature (owning SIG, when to use this feature for a test)
 	SystemNodeCriticalPod = framework.WithNodeFeature(framework.ValidNodeFeatures.Add("SystemNodeCriticalPod"))
 
+	// TODO: document the feature (owning SIG, when to use this feature for a test)
+	UserNamespacesSupport = framework.WithNodeFeature(framework.ValidNodeFeatures.Add("UserNamespacesSupport"))
 	// Please keep the list in alphabetical order.
 )
 
diff --git a/test/e2e_node/proc_mount_test.go b/test/e2e_node/proc_mount_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50df27ceed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e_node/proc_mount_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package e2enode
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+	"github.com/onsi/gomega"
+	gomegatypes "github.com/onsi/gomega/types"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/feature"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework"
+	e2epod "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework/pod"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/nodefeature"
+	testutils "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/utils"
+	imageutils "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/utils/image"
+	admissionapi "k8s.io/pod-security-admission/api"
+)
+
+var falseVar = false
+
+var _ = SIGDescribe("DefaultProcMount [LinuxOnly]", framework.WithNodeConformance(), func() {
+	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework("proc-mount-default-test")
+	f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel = admissionapi.LevelBaseline
+
+	ginkgo.It("will mask proc mounts by default", func(ctx context.Context) {
+		testProcMount(ctx, f, v1.DefaultProcMount, gomega.BeNumerically(">=", 10), gomega.BeNumerically(">=", 7))
+	})
+})
+
+var _ = SIGDescribe("ProcMount [LinuxOnly]", nodefeature.ProcMountType, nodefeature.UserNamespacesSupport, feature.UserNamespacesSupport, func() {
+	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework("proc-mount-baseline-test")
+	f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel = admissionapi.LevelBaseline
+
+	f.It("will fail to unmask proc mounts if not privileged", func(ctx context.Context) {
+		pmt := v1.UnmaskedProcMount
+		podClient := e2epod.NewPodClient(f)
+		_, err := podClient.PodInterface.Create(ctx, &v1.Pod{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "proc-mount-pod"},
+			Spec: v1.PodSpec{
+				Containers: []v1.Container{
+					{
+						Name:    "test-container-1",
+						Image:   imageutils.GetE2EImage(imageutils.BusyBox),
+						Command: []string{"/bin/sleep"},
+						Args:    []string{"10000"},
+						SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
+							ProcMount: &pmt,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				HostUsers: &falseVar,
+			},
+		}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		gomega.Expect(err).To(gomega.HaveOccurred())
+	})
+})
+
+var _ = SIGDescribe("ProcMount [LinuxOnly]", nodefeature.ProcMountType, nodefeature.UserNamespacesSupport, feature.UserNamespacesSupport, func() {
+	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework("proc-mount-privileged-test")
+
+	f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel = admissionapi.LevelPrivileged
+
+	f.It("will unmask proc mounts if requested", func(ctx context.Context) {
+		testProcMount(ctx, f, v1.UnmaskedProcMount, gomega.Equal(1), gomega.BeZero())
+	})
+})
+
+func testProcMount(ctx context.Context, f *framework.Framework, pmt v1.ProcMountType, expectedLines gomegatypes.GomegaMatcher, expectedReadOnly gomegatypes.GomegaMatcher) {
+	ginkgo.By("creating a target pod")
+	podClient := e2epod.NewPodClient(f)
+	pod := podClient.CreateSync(ctx, &v1.Pod{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "proc-mount-pod"},
+		Spec: v1.PodSpec{
+			Containers: []v1.Container{
+				{
+					Name:    "test-container-1",
+					Image:   imageutils.GetE2EImage(imageutils.BusyBox),
+					Command: []string{"/bin/sleep"},
+					Args:    []string{"10000"},
+					SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
+						ProcMount: &pmt,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			HostUsers: &falseVar,
+		},
+	})
+
+	_, err := testutils.PodRunningReady(pod)
+	framework.ExpectNoError(err)
+
+	output := e2epod.ExecCommandInContainer(f, pod.Name, pod.Spec.Containers[0].Name, "/bin/sh", "-ec", "mount | grep /proc")
+	ginkgo.By(output)
+	lines := strings.Split(output, "\n")
+	gomega.Expect(len(lines)).To(expectedLines)
+	gomega.Expect(strings.Count(output, "(ro")).To(expectedReadOnly)
+}