Prioritizing nodes based on volume capacity: unit tests

pkg/controller/volume/scheduling/scheduler_binder.go

@@ -87,20 +87,20 @@ func (b *BindingInfo) StorageClassName() string {
 	return b.pv.Spec.StorageClassName
 }
 
-// VolumeResource represents volume resource.
-type VolumeResource struct {
+// StorageResource represents storage resource.
+type StorageResource struct {
 	Requested int64
 	Capacity  int64
 }
 
-// VolumeResource returns volume resource.
-func (b *BindingInfo) VolumeResource() *VolumeResource {
+// StorageResource returns storage resource.
+func (b *BindingInfo) StorageResource() *StorageResource {
 	// both fields are mandatory
 	requestedQty := b.pvc.Spec.Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage)]
-	capacitQty := b.pv.Spec.Capacity[v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage)]
-	return &VolumeResource{
+	capacityQty := b.pv.Spec.Capacity[v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage)]
+	return &StorageResource{
 		Requested: requestedQty.Value(),
-		Capacity:  capacitQty.Value(),
+		Capacity:  capacityQty.Value(),
 	}
 }
 

pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumebinding/scorer.go

@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/helper"
 )
 
-type classResourceMap map[string]*scheduling.VolumeResource
+// classResourceMap holds a map of storage class to resource.
+type classResourceMap map[string]*scheduling.StorageResource
 
+// volumeCapacityScorer calculates the score based on class storage resource information.
 type volumeCapacityScorer func(classResourceMap) int64
 
+// buildScorerFunction builds volumeCapacityScorer from the scoring function shape.
 func buildScorerFunction(scoringFunctionShape helper.FunctionShape) volumeCapacityScorer {
 	rawScoringFunction := helper.BuildBrokenLinearFunction(scoringFunctionShape)
 	f := func(requested, capacity int64) int64 {
@@ -37,15 +40,15 @@ func buildScorerFunction(scoringFunctionShape helper.FunctionShape) volumeCapaci
 		return rawScoringFunction(requested * maxUtilization / capacity)
 	}
 	return func(classResources classResourceMap) int64 {
-		var nodeScore, weightSum int64
+		var nodeScore int64
+		// in alpha stage, all classes have the same weight
+		weightSum := len(classResources)
+		if weightSum == 0 {
+			return 0
+		}
 		for _, resource := range classResources {
 			classScore := f(resource.Requested, resource.Capacity)
 			nodeScore += classScore
-			// in alpha stage, all classes have the same weight
-			weightSum += 1
-		}
-		if weightSum == 0 {
-			return 0
 		}
 		return int64(math.Round(float64(nodeScore) / float64(weightSum)))
 	}

pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumebinding/scorer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2021 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package volumebinding
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/volume/scheduling"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/apis/config"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/helper"
+)
+
+const (
+	classHDD = "hdd"
+	classSSD = "ssd"
+)
+
+func TestScore(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultShape := make(helper.FunctionShape, 0, len(defaultShapePoint))
+	for _, point := range defaultShapePoint {
+		defaultShape = append(defaultShape, helper.FunctionShapePoint{
+			Utilization: int64(point.Utilization),
+			Score:       int64(point.Score) * (framework.MaxNodeScore / config.MaxCustomPriorityScore),
+		})
+	}
+	type scoreCase struct {
+		classResources classResourceMap
+		score          int64
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		shape helper.FunctionShape
+		cases []scoreCase
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "default shape, single class",
+			shape: defaultShape,
+			cases: []scoreCase{
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					0,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					30,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 50,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					50,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					100,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "default shape, multiple classes",
+			shape: defaultShape,
+			cases: []scoreCase{
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					0,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					15,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					30,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 60,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					45,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 50,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 50,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					50,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 50,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					75,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					100,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "custom shape, multiple classes",
+			shape: helper.FunctionShape{
+				{
+					Utilization: 50,
+					Score:       0,
+				},
+				{
+					Utilization: 80,
+					Score:       30,
+				},
+				{
+					Utilization: 100,
+					Score:       50,
+				},
+			},
+			cases: []scoreCase{
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					0,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 0,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					0,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					0,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 30,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 60,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					5,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 50,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					25,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 90,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 90,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					40,
+				},
+				{
+					classResourceMap{
+						classHDD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+						classSSD: &scheduling.StorageResource{
+							Requested: 100,
+							Capacity:  100,
+						},
+					},
+					50,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := buildScorerFunction(tt.shape)
+			for _, c := range tt.cases {
+				gotScore := f(c.classResources)
+				if gotScore != c.score {
+					t.Errorf("Expect %d, but got %d", c.score, gotScore)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumebinding/volume_binding.go

@@ -247,19 +247,20 @@ func (pl *VolumeBinding) Score(ctx context.Context, cs *framework.CycleState, po
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 	// group by storage class
-	classToWeight := make(classToWeightMap)
-	requestedClassToValueMap := make(map[string]int64)
-	capacityClassToValueMap := make(map[string]int64)
+	classResources := make(classResourceMap)
 	for _, staticBinding := range podVolumes.StaticBindings {
 		class := staticBinding.StorageClassName()
-		volumeResource := staticBinding.VolumeResource()
-		if _, ok := requestedClassToValueMap[class]; !ok {
-			classToWeight[class] = 1 // in alpha stage, all classes have the same weight
+		storageResource := staticBinding.StorageResource()
+		if _, ok := classResources[class]; !ok {
+			classResources[class] = &scheduling.StorageResource{
+				Requested: 0,
+				Capacity:  0,
+			}
 		}
-		requestedClassToValueMap[class] += volumeResource.Requested
-		capacityClassToValueMap[class] += volumeResource.Capacity
+		classResources[class].Requested += storageResource.Requested
+		classResources[class].Capacity += storageResource.Capacity
 	}
-	return pl.scorer(requestedClassToValueMap, capacityClassToValueMap, classToWeight), nil
+	return pl.scorer(classResources), nil
 }
 
 // ScoreExtensions of the Score plugin.

pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins/volumebinding/volume_binding_test.go

@@ -21,13 +21,20 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	storagev1 "k8s.io/api/storage/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	utilfeature "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/util/feature"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+	featuregatetesting "k8s.io/component-base/featuregate/testing"
 	pvutil "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/volume/persistentvolume/util"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/volume/scheduling"
+	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/features"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/apis/config"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework"
 	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime"
@@ -49,18 +56,71 @@ var (
 		},
 		VolumeBindingMode: &waitForFirstConsumer,
 	}
+	waitHDDSC = &storagev1.StorageClass{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name: "wait-hdd-sc",
+		},
+		VolumeBindingMode: &waitForFirstConsumer,
+	}
 )
 
-func makePV(name string) *v1.PersistentVolume {
-	return &v1.PersistentVolume{
+func makeNode(name string) *v1.Node {
+	return &v1.Node{
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
 			Name: name,
+			Labels: map[string]string{
+				v1.LabelHostname: name,
+			},
 		},
 	}
 }
 
-func addPVNodeAffinity(pv *v1.PersistentVolume, volumeNodeAffinity *v1.VolumeNodeAffinity) *v1.PersistentVolume {
-	pv.Spec.NodeAffinity = volumeNodeAffinity
+func mergeNodeLabels(node *v1.Node, labels map[string]string) *v1.Node {
+	for k, v := range labels {
+		node.Labels[k] = v
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+func makePV(name string, className string) *v1.PersistentVolume {
+	return &v1.PersistentVolume{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name: name,
+		},
+		Spec: v1.PersistentVolumeSpec{
+			StorageClassName: className,
+		},
+		Status: v1.PersistentVolumeStatus{
+			Phase: v1.VolumeAvailable,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func setPVNodeAffinity(pv *v1.PersistentVolume, keyValues map[string][]string) *v1.PersistentVolume {
+	matchExpressions := make([]v1.NodeSelectorRequirement, 0)
+	for key, values := range keyValues {
+		matchExpressions = append(matchExpressions, v1.NodeSelectorRequirement{
+			Key:      key,
+			Operator: v1.NodeSelectorOpIn,
+			Values:   values,
+		})
+	}
+	pv.Spec.NodeAffinity = &v1.VolumeNodeAffinity{
+		Required: &v1.NodeSelector{
+			NodeSelectorTerms: []v1.NodeSelectorTerm{
+				{
+					MatchExpressions: matchExpressions,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	return pv
+}
+
+func setPVCapacity(pv *v1.PersistentVolume, capacity resource.Quantity) *v1.PersistentVolume {
+	pv.Spec.Capacity = v1.ResourceList{
+		v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage): capacity,
+	}
 	return pv
 }
 
@@ -81,6 +141,15 @@ func makePVC(name string, boundPVName string, storageClassName string) *v1.Persi
 	return pvc
 }
 
+func setPVCRequestStorage(pvc *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim, request resource.Quantity) *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim {
+	pvc.Spec.Resources = v1.ResourceRequirements{
+		Requests: v1.ResourceList{
+			v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage): request,
+		},
+	}
+	return pvc
+}
+
 func makePod(name string, pvcNames []string) *v1.Pod {
 	p := &v1.Pod{
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
@@ -105,30 +174,42 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	table := []struct {
 		name                    string
 		pod                     *v1.Pod
-		node                    *v1.Node
+		nodes                   []*v1.Node
 		pvcs                    []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim
 		pvs                     []*v1.PersistentVolume
+		feature                 featuregate.Feature
 		wantPreFilterStatus     *framework.Status
 		wantStateAfterPreFilter *stateData
-		wantFilterStatus        *framework.Status
+		wantFilterStatus        []*framework.Status
+		wantScores              []int64
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "pod has not pvcs",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", nil),
-			node: &v1.Node{},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			wantStateAfterPreFilter: &stateData{
 				skip: true,
 			},
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "all bound",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
-			node: &v1.Node{},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
 				makePVC("pvc-a", "pv-a", waitSC.Name),
 			},
 			pvs: []*v1.PersistentVolume{
-				makePV("pv-a"),
+				makePV("pv-a", waitSC.Name),
 			},
 			wantStateAfterPreFilter: &stateData{
 				boundClaims: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
@@ -137,36 +218,68 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 				claimsToBind:     []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{},
 				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
 			},
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:                "PVC does not exist",
-			pod:                 makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
-			node:                &v1.Node{},
+			name: "PVC does not exist",
+			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			pvcs:                []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{},
 			wantPreFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `persistentvolumeclaim "pvc-a" not found`),
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Part of PVCs do not exist",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a", "pvc-b"}),
-			node: &v1.Node{},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
 				makePVC("pvc-a", "pv-a", waitSC.Name),
 			},
 			wantPreFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `persistentvolumeclaim "pvc-b" not found`),
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "immediate claims not bound",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
-			node: &v1.Node{},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
 				makePVC("pvc-a", "", immediateSC.Name),
 			},
 			wantPreFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, "pod has unbound immediate PersistentVolumeClaims"),
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "unbound claims no matches",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
-			node: &v1.Node{},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
 				makePVC("pvc-a", "", waitSC.Name),
 			},
@@ -177,37 +290,28 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
 			},
-			wantFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, string(scheduling.ErrReasonBindConflict)),
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, string(scheduling.ErrReasonBindConflict)),
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "bound and unbound unsatisfied",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a", "pvc-b"}),
-			node: &v1.Node{
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Labels: map[string]string{
-						"foo": "barbar",
-					},
-				},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("node-a"), map[string]string{
+					"foo": "barbar",
+				}),
 			},
 			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
 				makePVC("pvc-a", "pv-a", waitSC.Name),
 				makePVC("pvc-b", "", waitSC.Name),
 			},
 			pvs: []*v1.PersistentVolume{
-				addPVNodeAffinity(makePV("pv-a"), &v1.VolumeNodeAffinity{
-					Required: &v1.NodeSelector{
-						NodeSelectorTerms: []v1.NodeSelectorTerm{
-							{
-								MatchExpressions: []v1.NodeSelectorRequirement{
-									{
-										Key:      "foo",
-										Operator: v1.NodeSelectorOpIn,
-										Values:   []string{"bar"},
-									},
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
+				setPVNodeAffinity(makePV("pv-a", waitSC.Name), map[string][]string{
+					"foo": {"bar"},
 				}),
 			},
 			wantStateAfterPreFilter: &stateData{
@@ -219,19 +323,33 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
 			},
-			wantFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, string(scheduling.ErrReasonNodeConflict), string(scheduling.ErrReasonBindConflict)),
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, string(scheduling.ErrReasonNodeConflict), string(scheduling.ErrReasonBindConflict)),
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:                "pvc not found",
-			pod:                 makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
-			node:                &v1.Node{},
+			name: "pvc not found",
+			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			wantPreFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `persistentvolumeclaim "pvc-a" not found`),
-			wantFilterStatus:    nil,
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "pv not found",
 			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
-			node: &v1.Node{},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+			},
 			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
 				makePVC("pvc-a", "pv-a", waitSC.Name),
 			},
@@ -243,12 +361,176 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 				claimsToBind:     []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{},
 				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
 			},
-			wantFilterStatus: framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `pvc(s) bound to non-existent pv(s)`),
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `pvc(s) bound to non-existent pv(s)`),
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				0,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "local volumes with close capacity are preferred",
+			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+				makeNode("node-b"),
+				makeNode("node-c"),
+			},
+			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
+				setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-a", "", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("50Gi")),
+			},
+			pvs: []*v1.PersistentVolume{
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-0", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-a"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-1", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-a"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-0", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-b"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-1", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-b"}}),
+			},
+			feature:             features.VolumeCapacityPriority,
+			wantPreFilterStatus: nil,
+			wantStateAfterPreFilter: &stateData{
+				boundClaims: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{},
+				claimsToBind: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
+					setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-a", "", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("50Gi")),
+				},
+				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
+			},
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+				nil,
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `node(s) didn't find available persistent volumes to bind`),
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				25,
+				50,
+				0,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "local volumes with close capacity are preferred (multiple pvcs)",
+			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-0", "pvc-1"}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				makeNode("node-a"),
+				makeNode("node-b"),
+				makeNode("node-c"),
+			},
+			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
+				setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-0", "", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("50Gi")),
+				setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-1", "", waitHDDSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")),
+			},
+			pvs: []*v1.PersistentVolume{
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-0", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-a"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-1", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-a"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-2", waitHDDSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-a"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-3", waitHDDSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-a"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-0", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-b"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-1", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-b"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-2", waitHDDSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-b"}}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-3", waitHDDSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{v1.LabelHostname: {"node-b"}}),
+			},
+			feature:             features.VolumeCapacityPriority,
+			wantPreFilterStatus: nil,
+			wantStateAfterPreFilter: &stateData{
+				boundClaims: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{},
+				claimsToBind: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
+					setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-0", "", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("50Gi")),
+					setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-1", "", waitHDDSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")),
+				},
+				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
+			},
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+				nil,
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `node(s) didn't find available persistent volumes to bind`),
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				38,
+				75,
+				0,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "zonal volumes with close capacity are preferred",
+			pod:  makePod("pod-a", []string{"pvc-a"}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("zone-a-node-a"), map[string]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": "region-a",
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   "zone-a",
+				}),
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("zone-a-node-b"), map[string]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": "region-a",
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   "zone-a",
+				}),
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("zone-b-node-a"), map[string]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": "region-b",
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   "zone-b",
+				}),
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("zone-b-node-b"), map[string]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": "region-b",
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   "zone-b",
+				}),
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("zone-c-node-a"), map[string]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": "region-c",
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   "zone-c",
+				}),
+				mergeNodeLabels(makeNode("zone-c-node-b"), map[string]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": "region-c",
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   "zone-c",
+				}),
+			},
+			pvcs: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
+				setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-a", "", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("50Gi")),
+			},
+			pvs: []*v1.PersistentVolume{
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-0", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": {"region-a"},
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   {"zone-a"},
+				}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-a-1", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("200Gi")), map[string][]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": {"region-a"},
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   {"zone-a"},
+				}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-0", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": {"region-b"},
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   {"zone-b"},
+				}),
+				setPVNodeAffinity(setPVCapacity(makePV("pv-b-1", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("100Gi")), map[string][]string{
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/region": {"region-b"},
+					"topology.kubernetes.io/zone":   {"zone-b"},
+				}),
+			},
+			feature:             features.VolumeCapacityPriority,
+			wantPreFilterStatus: nil,
+			wantStateAfterPreFilter: &stateData{
+				boundClaims: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{},
+				claimsToBind: []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
+					setPVCRequestStorage(makePVC("pvc-a", "", waitSC.Name), resource.MustParse("50Gi")),
+				},
+				podVolumesByNode: map[string]*scheduling.PodVolumes{},
+			},
+			wantFilterStatus: []*framework.Status{
+				nil,
+				nil,
+				nil,
+				nil,
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `node(s) didn't find available persistent volumes to bind`),
+				framework.NewStatus(framework.UnschedulableAndUnresolvable, `node(s) didn't find available persistent volumes to bind`),
+			},
+			wantScores: []int64{
+				25,
+				25,
+				50,
+				50,
+				0,
+				0,
+			},
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, item := range table {
 		t.Run(item.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if item.feature != "" {
+				defer featuregatetesting.SetFeatureGateDuringTest(t, utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate, item.feature, true)()
+			}
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 			defer cancel()
 			client := fake.NewSimpleClientset()
@@ -271,8 +553,9 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Log("Feed testing data and wait for them to be synced")
 			client.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Create(ctx, immediateSC, metav1.CreateOptions{})
 			client.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Create(ctx, waitSC, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-			if item.node != nil {
-				client.CoreV1().Nodes().Create(ctx, item.node, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			client.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Create(ctx, waitHDDSC, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			for _, node := range item.nodes {
+				client.CoreV1().Nodes().Create(ctx, node, metav1.CreateOptions{})
 			}
 			for _, pvc := range item.pvcs {
 				client.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims(pvc.Namespace).Create(ctx, pvc, metav1.CreateOptions{})
@@ -290,8 +573,12 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Log("Verify")
 
 			p := pl.(*VolumeBinding)
-			nodeInfo := framework.NewNodeInfo()
-			nodeInfo.SetNode(item.node)
+			nodeInfos := make([]*framework.NodeInfo, 0)
+			for _, node := range item.nodes {
+				nodeInfo := framework.NewNodeInfo()
+				nodeInfo.SetNode(node)
+				nodeInfos = append(nodeInfos, nodeInfo)
+			}
 			state := framework.NewCycleState()
 
 			t.Logf("Verify: call PreFilter and check status")
@@ -305,18 +592,35 @@ func TestVolumeBinding(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			t.Logf("Verify: check state after prefilter phase")
-			stateData, err := getStateData(state)
+			got, err := getStateData(state)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(stateData, item.wantStateAfterPreFilter) {
-				t.Errorf("state got after prefilter does not match: %v, want: %v", stateData, item.wantStateAfterPreFilter)
+			stateCmpOpts := []cmp.Option{
+				cmp.AllowUnexported(stateData{}),
+				cmpopts.IgnoreFields(stateData{}, "Mutex"),
+			}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(item.wantStateAfterPreFilter, got, stateCmpOpts...); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("state got after prefilter does not match (-want,+got):\n%s", diff)
 			}
 
 			t.Logf("Verify: call Filter and check status")
-			gotStatus := p.Filter(ctx, state, item.pod, nodeInfo)
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotStatus, item.wantFilterStatus) {
-				t.Errorf("filter status does not match: %v, want: %v", gotStatus, item.wantFilterStatus)
+			for i, nodeInfo := range nodeInfos {
+				gotStatus := p.Filter(ctx, state, item.pod, nodeInfo)
+				if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotStatus, item.wantFilterStatus[i]) {
+					t.Errorf("filter status does not match for node %q, got: %v, want: %v", nodeInfo.Node().Name, gotStatus, item.wantFilterStatus)
+				}
+			}
+
+			t.Logf("Verify: Score")
+			for i, node := range item.nodes {
+				score, status := p.Score(ctx, state, item.pod, node.Name)
+				if !status.IsSuccess() {
+					t.Errorf("Score expects success status, got: %v", status)
+				}
+				if score != item.wantScores[i] {
+					t.Errorf("Score expects score %d for node %q, got: %d", item.wantScores[i], node.Name, score)
+				}
 			}
 		})
 	}