diff --git a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller.go b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller.go
index 01d7538ffde..2f078a733e8 100644
--- a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller.go
+++ b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller.go
@@ -391,7 +391,11 @@ func (adc *attachDetachController) populateActualStateOfWorld() error {
 			adc.addNodeToDswp(node, types.NodeName(node.Name))
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	err = adc.processVolumeAttachments()
+	if err != nil {
+		klog.Errorf("Failed to process volume attachments: %v", err)
+	}
+	return err
 }
 
 func (adc *attachDetachController) getNodeVolumeDevicePath(
@@ -684,6 +688,67 @@ func (adc *attachDetachController) processVolumesInUse(
 	}
 }
 
+// Process Volume-Attachment objects.
+// Should be called only after populating attached volumes in the ASW.
+// For each VA object, this function checks if its present in the ASW.
+// If not, adds the volume to ASW as an "uncertain" attachment.
+// In the reconciler, the logic checks if the volume is present in the DSW;
+//   if yes, the reconciler will attempt attach on the volume;
+//   if not (could be a dangling attachment), the reconciler will detach this volume.
+func (adc *attachDetachController) processVolumeAttachments() error {
+	vas, err := adc.volumeAttachmentLister.List(labels.Everything())
+	if err != nil {
+		klog.Errorf("failed to list VolumeAttachment objects: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, va := range vas {
+		nodeName := types.NodeName(va.Spec.NodeName)
+		pvName := va.Spec.Source.PersistentVolumeName
+		if pvName == nil {
+			// Currently VA objects are created for CSI volumes only. nil pvName is unexpected, generate a warning
+			klog.Warningf("Skipping the va as its pvName is nil, va.Name: %q, nodeName: %q",
+				va.Name, nodeName)
+			continue
+		}
+		pv, err := adc.pvLister.Get(*pvName)
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.Errorf("Unable to lookup pv object for: %q, err: %v", *pvName, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		volumeSpec := volume.NewSpecFromPersistentVolume(pv, false)
+		plugin, err := adc.volumePluginMgr.FindAttachablePluginBySpec(volumeSpec)
+		if err != nil || plugin == nil {
+			// Currently VA objects are created for CSI volumes only. nil plugin is unexpected, generate a warning
+			klog.Warningf(
+				"Skipping processing the volume %q on nodeName: %q, no attacher interface found. err=%v",
+				*pvName,
+				nodeName,
+				err)
+			continue
+		}
+		volumeName, err := volumeutil.GetUniqueVolumeNameFromSpec(plugin, volumeSpec)
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.Errorf(
+				"Failed to find unique name for volume:%q, va.Name:%q, nodeName:%q: %v",
+				*pvName,
+				va.Name,
+				nodeName,
+				err)
+			continue
+		}
+		attachState := adc.actualStateOfWorld.GetAttachState(volumeName, nodeName)
+		if attachState == cache.AttachStateDetached {
+			klog.V(1).Infof("Marking volume attachment as uncertain as volume:%q (%q) is not attached (%v)",
+				volumeName, nodeName, attachState)
+			err = adc.actualStateOfWorld.MarkVolumeAsUncertain(volumeName, volumeSpec, nodeName)
+			if err != nil {
+				klog.Errorf("MarkVolumeAsUncertain fail to add the volume %q (%q) to ASW. err: %s", volumeName, nodeName, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 var _ volume.VolumeHost = &attachDetachController{}
 var _ volume.AttachDetachVolumeHost = &attachDetachController{}
 
diff --git a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller_test.go b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller_test.go
index 40548c002f1..36845402e8f 100644
--- a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller_test.go
+++ b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/attach_detach_controller_test.go
@@ -72,18 +72,21 @@ func Test_AttachDetachControllerStateOfWolrdPopulators_Positive(t *testing.T) {
 	nodeInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes()
 	pvcInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().PersistentVolumeClaims()
 	pvInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().PersistentVolumes()
+	volumeAttachmentInformer := informerFactory.Storage().V1().VolumeAttachments()
 
 	adc := &attachDetachController{
-		kubeClient:  fakeKubeClient,
-		pvcLister:   pvcInformer.Lister(),
-		pvcsSynced:  pvcInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
-		pvLister:    pvInformer.Lister(),
-		pvsSynced:   pvInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
-		podLister:   podInformer.Lister(),
-		podsSynced:  podInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
-		nodeLister:  nodeInformer.Lister(),
-		nodesSynced: nodeInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
-		cloud:       nil,
+		kubeClient:             fakeKubeClient,
+		pvcLister:              pvcInformer.Lister(),
+		pvcsSynced:             pvcInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
+		pvLister:               pvInformer.Lister(),
+		pvsSynced:              pvInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
+		podLister:              podInformer.Lister(),
+		podsSynced:             podInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
+		nodeLister:             nodeInformer.Lister(),
+		nodesSynced:            nodeInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
+		volumeAttachmentLister: volumeAttachmentInformer.Lister(),
+		volumeAttachmentSynced: volumeAttachmentInformer.Informer().HasSynced,
+		cloud:                  nil,
 	}
 
 	// Act
@@ -335,3 +338,210 @@ func attachDetachRecoveryTestCase(t *testing.T, extraPods1 []*v1.Pod, extraPods2
 	}
 
 }
+
+type vaTest struct {
+	testName          string
+	volName           string
+	podName           string
+	podNodeName       string
+	pvName            string
+	vaName            string
+	vaNodeName        string
+	vaAttachStatus    bool
+	expected_attaches map[string][]string
+	expected_detaches map[string][]string
+}
+
+func Test_ADC_VolumeAttachmentRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []vaTest{
+		{ // pod is scheduled
+			testName:          "Scheduled pod",
+			volName:           "vol1",
+			podName:           "pod1",
+			podNodeName:       "mynode-1",
+			pvName:            "pv1",
+			vaName:            "va1",
+			vaNodeName:        "mynode-1",
+			vaAttachStatus:    false,
+			expected_attaches: map[string][]string{"mynode-1": {"vol1"}},
+			expected_detaches: map[string][]string{},
+		},
+		{ // pod is deleted, attach status:true, verify dangling volume is detached
+			testName:          "VA status is attached",
+			volName:           "vol1",
+			pvName:            "pv1",
+			vaName:            "va1",
+			vaNodeName:        "mynode-1",
+			vaAttachStatus:    true,
+			expected_attaches: map[string][]string{},
+			expected_detaches: map[string][]string{"mynode-1": {"vol1"}},
+		},
+		{ // pod is deleted, attach status:false, verify dangling volume is detached
+			testName:          "VA status is unattached",
+			volName:           "vol1",
+			pvName:            "pv1",
+			vaName:            "va1",
+			vaNodeName:        "mynode-1",
+			vaAttachStatus:    false,
+			expected_attaches: map[string][]string{},
+			expected_detaches: map[string][]string{"mynode-1": {"vol1"}},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.testName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			volumeAttachmentRecoveryTestCase(t, tc)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func volumeAttachmentRecoveryTestCase(t *testing.T, tc vaTest) {
+	fakeKubeClient := controllervolumetesting.CreateTestClient()
+	informerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeKubeClient, time.Second*1)
+	plugins := controllervolumetesting.CreateTestPlugin()
+	nodeInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Informer()
+	podInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
+	pvInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().PersistentVolumes().Informer()
+	vaInformer := informerFactory.Storage().V1().VolumeAttachments().Informer()
+
+	// Create the controller
+	adcObj, err := NewAttachDetachController(
+		fakeKubeClient,
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().Pods(),
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes(),
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().PersistentVolumeClaims(),
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().PersistentVolumes(),
+		informerFactory.Storage().V1().CSINodes(),
+		informerFactory.Storage().V1().CSIDrivers(),
+		informerFactory.Storage().V1().VolumeAttachments(),
+		nil, /* cloud */
+		plugins,
+		nil, /* prober */
+		false,
+		1*time.Second,
+		DefaultTimerConfig,
+		nil, /* filteredDialOptions */
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewAttachDetachController failed with error. Expected: <no error> Actual: <%v>", err)
+	}
+	adc := adcObj.(*attachDetachController)
+
+	// Add existing objects (created by testplugin) to the respective informers
+	pods, err := fakeKubeClient.CoreV1().Pods(v1.NamespaceAll).List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Expected: <no error> Actual: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, pod := range pods.Items {
+		podToAdd := pod
+		podInformer.GetIndexer().Add(&podToAdd)
+	}
+	nodes, err := fakeKubeClient.CoreV1().Nodes().List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Expected: <no error> Actual: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, node := range nodes.Items {
+		nodeToAdd := node
+		nodeInformer.GetIndexer().Add(&nodeToAdd)
+	}
+
+	// Create and add objects requested by the test
+	if tc.podName != "" {
+		newPod := controllervolumetesting.NewPodWithVolume(tc.podName, tc.volName, tc.podNodeName)
+		_, err = adc.kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods(newPod.ObjectMeta.Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), newPod, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Failed to create a new pod: <%v>", err)
+		}
+		podInformer.GetIndexer().Add(newPod)
+	}
+	if tc.pvName != "" {
+		newPv := controllervolumetesting.NewPV(tc.pvName, tc.volName)
+		_, err = adc.kubeClient.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes().Create(context.TODO(), newPv, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Failed to create a new pv: <%v>", err)
+		}
+		pvInformer.GetIndexer().Add(newPv)
+	}
+	if tc.vaName != "" {
+		newVa := controllervolumetesting.NewVolumeAttachment("va1", "pv1", "mynode-1", false)
+		_, err = adc.kubeClient.StorageV1().VolumeAttachments().Create(context.TODO(), newVa, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Failed to create a new volumeAttachment: <%v>", err)
+		}
+		vaInformer.GetIndexer().Add(newVa)
+	}
+
+	// Makesure the informer cache is synced
+	stopCh := make(chan struct{})
+	informerFactory.Start(stopCh)
+
+	if !kcache.WaitForNamedCacheSync("attach detach", stopCh,
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer().HasSynced,
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Informer().HasSynced,
+		informerFactory.Core().V1().PersistentVolumes().Informer().HasSynced,
+		informerFactory.Storage().V1().VolumeAttachments().Informer().HasSynced) {
+		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for the informer caches to sync")
+	}
+
+	// Populate ASW
+	err = adc.populateActualStateOfWorld()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Expected: <no error> Actual: <%v>", err)
+	}
+
+	// Populate DSW
+	err = adc.populateDesiredStateOfWorld()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run failed with error. Expected: <no error> Actual: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Run reconciler and DSW populator loops
+	go adc.reconciler.Run(stopCh)
+	go adc.desiredStateOfWorldPopulator.Run(stopCh)
+	defer close(stopCh)
+
+	// Verify if expected attaches and detaches have happened
+	testPlugin := plugins[0].(*controllervolumetesting.TestPlugin)
+	for tries := 0; tries <= 10; tries++ { // wait & try few times before failing the test
+		expected_op_map := tc.expected_attaches
+		plugin_map := testPlugin.GetAttachedVolumes()
+		verify_op := "attach"
+		volFound, nodeFound := false, false
+		for i := 0; i <= 1; i++ { // verify attaches and detaches
+			if i == 1 {
+				expected_op_map = tc.expected_detaches
+				plugin_map = testPlugin.GetDetachedVolumes()
+				verify_op = "detach"
+			}
+			// Verify every (node, volume) in the expected_op_map is in the
+			// plugin_map
+			for expectedNode, expectedVolumeList := range expected_op_map {
+				var volumeList []string
+				volumeList, nodeFound = plugin_map[expectedNode]
+				if !nodeFound && tries == 10 {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected node not found, node:%v, op: %v, tries: %d",
+						expectedNode, verify_op, tries)
+				}
+				for _, expectedVolume := range expectedVolumeList {
+					volFound = false
+					for _, volume := range volumeList {
+						if expectedVolume == volume {
+							volFound = true
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if !volFound && tries == 10 {
+						t.Fatalf("Expected %v operation not found, node:%v, volume: %v, tries: %d",
+							verify_op, expectedNode, expectedVolume, tries)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if nodeFound && volFound {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(time.Second * 1)
+	}
+
+	if testPlugin.GetErrorEncountered() {
+		t.Fatalf("Fatal error encountered in the testing volume plugin")
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/cache/actual_state_of_world_test.go b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/cache/actual_state_of_world_test.go
index dc30d085c61..71406909a9a 100644
--- a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/cache/actual_state_of_world_test.go
+++ b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/cache/actual_state_of_world_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
 	controllervolumetesting "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/testing"
 	volumetesting "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/volume/testing"
@@ -1374,6 +1374,79 @@ func Test_updateNodeStatusUpdateNeededError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Mark a volume as attached to a node.
+// Verify GetAttachState returns AttachedState
+// Verify GetAttachedVolumes return this volume
+func Test_MarkVolumeAsAttached(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	volumePluginMgr, _ := volumetesting.GetTestVolumePluginMgr(t)
+	asw := NewActualStateOfWorld(volumePluginMgr)
+	volumeName := v1.UniqueVolumeName("volume-name")
+	volumeSpec := controllervolumetesting.GetTestVolumeSpec(string(volumeName), volumeName)
+
+	nodeName := types.NodeName("node-name")
+	devicePath := "fake/device/path"
+
+	plugin, err := volumePluginMgr.FindAttachablePluginBySpec(volumeSpec)
+	if err != nil || plugin == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get volume plugin from spec %v, %v", volumeSpec, err)
+	}
+
+	// Act
+	err = asw.MarkVolumeAsAttached(volumeName, volumeSpec, nodeName, devicePath)
+
+	// Assert
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkVolumeAsAttached failed. Expected: <no error> Actual: <%v>", err)
+	}
+
+	volumeNodeComboState := asw.GetAttachState(volumeName, nodeName)
+	if volumeNodeComboState != AttachStateAttached {
+		t.Fatalf("asw says the volume: %q is not attached (%v) to node:%q, it should.",
+			volumeName, AttachStateAttached, nodeName)
+	}
+	attachedVolumes := asw.GetAttachedVolumes()
+	if len(attachedVolumes) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("len(attachedVolumes) Expected: <1> Actual: <%v>", len(attachedVolumes))
+	}
+	verifyAttachedVolume(t, attachedVolumes, volumeName, string(volumeName), nodeName, devicePath, true /* expectedMountedByNode */, false /* expectNonZeroDetachRequestedTime */)
+}
+
+// Mark a volume as attachment as uncertain.
+// Verify GetAttachState returns UncertainState
+// Verify GetAttachedVolumes return this volume
+func Test_MarkVolumeAsUncertain(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	volumePluginMgr, _ := volumetesting.GetTestVolumePluginMgr(t)
+	asw := NewActualStateOfWorld(volumePluginMgr)
+	volumeName := v1.UniqueVolumeName("volume-name")
+	volumeSpec := controllervolumetesting.GetTestVolumeSpec(string(volumeName), volumeName)
+	nodeName := types.NodeName("node-name")
+
+	plugin, err := volumePluginMgr.FindAttachablePluginBySpec(volumeSpec)
+	if err != nil || plugin == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get volume plugin from spec %v, %v", volumeSpec, err)
+	}
+
+	// Act
+	err = asw.MarkVolumeAsUncertain(volumeName, volumeSpec, nodeName)
+
+	// Assert
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkVolumeAsUncertain failed. Expected: <no error> Actual: <%v>", err)
+	}
+	volumeNodeComboState := asw.GetAttachState(volumeName, nodeName)
+	if volumeNodeComboState != AttachStateUncertain {
+		t.Fatalf("asw says the volume: %q is attached (%v) to node:%q, it should not.",
+			volumeName, volumeNodeComboState, nodeName)
+	}
+	attachedVolumes := asw.GetAttachedVolumes()
+	if len(attachedVolumes) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("len(attachedVolumes) Expected: <1> Actual: <%v>", len(attachedVolumes))
+	}
+	verifyAttachedVolume(t, attachedVolumes, volumeName, string(volumeName), nodeName, "", true /* expectedMountedByNode */, false /* expectNonZeroDetachRequestedTime */)
+}
+
 func verifyAttachedVolume(
 	t *testing.T,
 	attachedVolumes []AttachedVolume,
diff --git a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/testing/testvolumespec.go b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/testing/testvolumespec.go
index 907b4218829..1a176f74fe7 100644
--- a/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/testing/testvolumespec.go
+++ b/pkg/controller/volume/attachdetach/testing/testvolumespec.go
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ func GetTestVolumeSpec(volumeName string, diskName v1.UniqueVolumeName) *volume.
 }
 
 var extraPods *v1.PodList
+var volumeAttachments *storagev1.VolumeAttachmentList
+var pvs *v1.PersistentVolumeList
+var nodes *v1.NodeList
 
 func CreateTestClient() *fake.Clientset {
 	fakeClient := &fake.Clientset{}
@@ -143,40 +146,48 @@ func CreateTestClient() *fake.Clientset {
 		}
 		return true, obj, nil
 	})
+	nodes = &v1.NodeList{}
+	nodeNamePrefix := "mynode"
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		var nodeName string
+		if i != 0 {
+			nodeName = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", nodeNamePrefix, i)
+		} else {
+			// We want also the "mynode" node since all the testing pods live there
+			nodeName = nodeNamePrefix
+		}
+		attachVolumeToNode("lostVolumeName", nodeName)
+	}
 	fakeClient.AddReactor("list", "nodes", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
 		obj := &v1.NodeList{}
-		nodeNamePrefix := "mynode"
-		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
-			var nodeName string
-			if i != 0 {
-				nodeName = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", nodeNamePrefix, i)
-			} else {
-				// We want also the "mynode" node since all the testing pods live there
-				nodeName = nodeNamePrefix
-			}
-			node := v1.Node{
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Name: nodeName,
-					Labels: map[string]string{
-						"name": nodeName,
-					},
-					Annotations: map[string]string{
-						util.ControllerManagedAttachAnnotation: "true",
-					},
-				},
-				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
-					VolumesAttached: []v1.AttachedVolume{
-						{
-							Name:       TestPluginName + "/lostVolumeName",
-							DevicePath: "fake/path",
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			}
-			obj.Items = append(obj.Items, node)
-		}
+		obj.Items = append(obj.Items, nodes.Items...)
 		return true, obj, nil
 	})
+	volumeAttachments = &storagev1.VolumeAttachmentList{}
+	fakeClient.AddReactor("list", "volumeattachments", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+		obj := &storagev1.VolumeAttachmentList{}
+		obj.Items = append(obj.Items, volumeAttachments.Items...)
+		return true, obj, nil
+	})
+	fakeClient.AddReactor("create", "volumeattachments", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+		createAction := action.(core.CreateAction)
+		va := createAction.GetObject().(*storagev1.VolumeAttachment)
+		volumeAttachments.Items = append(volumeAttachments.Items, *va)
+		return true, createAction.GetObject(), nil
+	})
+
+	pvs = &v1.PersistentVolumeList{}
+	fakeClient.AddReactor("list", "persistentvolumes", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+		obj := &v1.PersistentVolumeList{}
+		obj.Items = append(obj.Items, pvs.Items...)
+		return true, obj, nil
+	})
+	fakeClient.AddReactor("create", "persistentvolumes", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+		createAction := action.(core.CreateAction)
+		pv := createAction.GetObject().(*v1.PersistentVolume)
+		pvs.Items = append(pvs.Items, *pv)
+		return true, createAction.GetObject(), nil
+	})
 
 	fakeWatch := watch.NewFake()
 	fakeClient.AddWatchReactor("*", core.DefaultWatchReactor(fakeWatch, nil))
@@ -237,6 +248,88 @@ func NewPodWithVolume(podName, volumeName, nodeName string) *v1.Pod {
 	}
 }
 
+// Returns a volumeAttachment object
+func NewVolumeAttachment(vaName, pvName, nodeName string, status bool) *storagev1.VolumeAttachment {
+	return &storagev1.VolumeAttachment{
+
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			UID:  types.UID(vaName),
+			Name: vaName,
+		},
+		Spec: storagev1.VolumeAttachmentSpec{
+			Attacher: "test.storage.gke.io",
+			NodeName: nodeName,
+			Source: storagev1.VolumeAttachmentSource{
+				PersistentVolumeName: &pvName,
+			},
+		},
+		Status: storagev1.VolumeAttachmentStatus{
+			Attached: status,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// Returns a persistentVolume object
+func NewPV(pvName, volumeName string) *v1.PersistentVolume {
+	return &v1.PersistentVolume{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			UID:  types.UID(pvName),
+			Name: pvName,
+		},
+		Spec: v1.PersistentVolumeSpec{
+			PersistentVolumeSource: v1.PersistentVolumeSource{
+				GCEPersistentDisk: &v1.GCEPersistentDiskVolumeSource{
+					PDName: volumeName,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func attachVolumeToNode(volumeName, nodeName string) {
+	// if nodeName exists, get the object.. if not create node object
+	var node *v1.Node
+	found := false
+	nodes.Size()
+	for i := range nodes.Items {
+		curNode := nodes.Items[i]
+		if curNode.ObjectMeta.Name == nodeName {
+			node = &curNode
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		node = &v1.Node{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+				Name: nodeName,
+				Labels: map[string]string{
+					"name": nodeName,
+				},
+				Annotations: map[string]string{
+					util.ControllerManagedAttachAnnotation: "true",
+				},
+			},
+			Status: v1.NodeStatus{
+				VolumesAttached: []v1.AttachedVolume{
+					{
+						Name:       v1.UniqueVolumeName(TestPluginName + "/" + volumeName),
+						DevicePath: "fake/path",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	} else {
+		volumeAttached := v1.AttachedVolume{
+			Name:       v1.UniqueVolumeName(TestPluginName + "/" + volumeName),
+			DevicePath: "fake/path",
+		}
+		node.Status.VolumesAttached = append(node.Status.VolumesAttached, volumeAttached)
+	}
+
+	nodes.Items = append(nodes.Items, *node)
+}
+
 type TestPlugin struct {
 	ErrorEncountered  bool
 	attachedVolumeMap map[string][]string
@@ -258,8 +351,15 @@ func (plugin *TestPlugin) GetVolumeName(spec *volume.Spec) (string, error) {
 	if spec == nil {
 		klog.Errorf("GetVolumeName called with nil volume spec")
 		plugin.ErrorEncountered = true
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("GetVolumeName called with nil volume spec")
+	}
+	if spec.Volume != nil {
+		return spec.Name(), nil
+	} else if spec.PersistentVolume != nil {
+		return spec.PersistentVolume.Spec.PersistentVolumeSource.GCEPersistentDisk.PDName, nil
+	} else {
+		return "", nil
 	}
-	return spec.Name(), nil
 }
 
 func (plugin *TestPlugin) CanSupport(spec *volume.Spec) bool {