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The encoding/json package marshals []byte to a JSON string containing the base64 encoding of the input slice's bytes, and unmarshals JSON strings to []byte by assuming the JSON string contains a valid base64 text. As a binary format, CBOR is capable of representing arbitrary byte sequences without converting them to a text encoding, but it also needs to interoperate with the existing JSON serializer. It does this using the "expected later encoding" tags defined in RFC 8949, which indicate a specific text encoding to be used when interoperating with text-based protocols. The actual conversion to or from a text encoding is deferred until necessary, so no conversion is performed during roundtrips of []byte to CBOR.