kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go

/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package scheduler

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"strconv"
	"time"

	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/client-go/dynamic/dynamicinformer"
	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
	coreinformers "k8s.io/client-go/informers/core/v1"
	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
	"k8s.io/kube-scheduler/config/v1beta3"
	podutil "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1/pod"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/core/validation"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/apis/config"
	schedulerapi "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/apis/config"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/apis/config/scheme"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework"
	frameworkplugins "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/plugins"
	frameworkruntime "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime"
	internalcache "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/internal/parallelize"
	internalqueue "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/metrics"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/profile"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/util"
)

const (
	// SchedulerError is the reason recorded for events when an error occurs during scheduling a pod.
	SchedulerError = "SchedulerError"
	// Percentage of plugin metrics to be sampled.
	pluginMetricsSamplePercent = 10
)

// Scheduler watches for new unscheduled pods. It attempts to find
// nodes that they fit on and writes bindings back to the api server.
type Scheduler struct {
	// It is expected that changes made via SchedulerCache will be observed
	// by NodeLister and Algorithm.
	SchedulerCache internalcache.Cache

	Algorithm ScheduleAlgorithm

	Extenders []framework.Extender

	// NextPod should be a function that blocks until the next pod
	// is available. We don't use a channel for this, because scheduling
	// a pod may take some amount of time and we don't want pods to get
	// stale while they sit in a channel.
	NextPod func() *framework.QueuedPodInfo

	// Error is called if there is an error. It is passed the pod in
	// question, and the error
	Error func(*framework.QueuedPodInfo, error)

	// Close this to shut down the scheduler.
	StopEverything <-chan struct{}

	// SchedulingQueue holds pods to be scheduled
	SchedulingQueue internalqueue.SchedulingQueue

	// Profiles are the scheduling profiles.
	Profiles profile.Map

	client clientset.Interface
}

type schedulerOptions struct {
	componentConfigVersion   string
	kubeConfig               *restclient.Config
	percentageOfNodesToScore int32
	podInitialBackoffSeconds int64
	podMaxBackoffSeconds     int64
	// Contains out-of-tree plugins to be merged with the in-tree registry.
	frameworkOutOfTreeRegistry frameworkruntime.Registry
	profiles                   []schedulerapi.KubeSchedulerProfile
	extenders                  []schedulerapi.Extender
	frameworkCapturer          FrameworkCapturer
	parallelism                int32
	applyDefaultProfile        bool
}

// Option configures a Scheduler
type Option func(*schedulerOptions)

// WithComponentConfigVersion sets the component config version to the
// KubeSchedulerConfiguration version used. The string should be the full
// scheme group/version of the external type we converted from (for example
// "kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta2")
func WithComponentConfigVersion(apiVersion string) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.componentConfigVersion = apiVersion
	}
}

// WithKubeConfig sets the kube config for Scheduler.
func WithKubeConfig(cfg *restclient.Config) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.kubeConfig = cfg
	}
}

// WithProfiles sets profiles for Scheduler. By default, there is one profile
// with the name "default-scheduler".
func WithProfiles(p ...schedulerapi.KubeSchedulerProfile) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.profiles = p
		o.applyDefaultProfile = false
	}
}

// WithParallelism sets the parallelism for all scheduler algorithms. Default is 16.
func WithParallelism(threads int32) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.parallelism = threads
	}
}

// WithPercentageOfNodesToScore sets percentageOfNodesToScore for Scheduler, the default value is 50
func WithPercentageOfNodesToScore(percentageOfNodesToScore int32) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.percentageOfNodesToScore = percentageOfNodesToScore
	}
}

// WithFrameworkOutOfTreeRegistry sets the registry for out-of-tree plugins. Those plugins
// will be appended to the default registry.
func WithFrameworkOutOfTreeRegistry(registry frameworkruntime.Registry) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.frameworkOutOfTreeRegistry = registry
	}
}

// WithPodInitialBackoffSeconds sets podInitialBackoffSeconds for Scheduler, the default value is 1
func WithPodInitialBackoffSeconds(podInitialBackoffSeconds int64) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.podInitialBackoffSeconds = podInitialBackoffSeconds
	}
}

// WithPodMaxBackoffSeconds sets podMaxBackoffSeconds for Scheduler, the default value is 10
func WithPodMaxBackoffSeconds(podMaxBackoffSeconds int64) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.podMaxBackoffSeconds = podMaxBackoffSeconds
	}
}

// WithExtenders sets extenders for the Scheduler
func WithExtenders(e ...schedulerapi.Extender) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.extenders = e
	}
}

// FrameworkCapturer is used for registering a notify function in building framework.
type FrameworkCapturer func(schedulerapi.KubeSchedulerProfile)

// WithBuildFrameworkCapturer sets a notify function for getting buildFramework details.
func WithBuildFrameworkCapturer(fc FrameworkCapturer) Option {
	return func(o *schedulerOptions) {
		o.frameworkCapturer = fc
	}
}

var defaultSchedulerOptions = schedulerOptions{
	percentageOfNodesToScore: schedulerapi.DefaultPercentageOfNodesToScore,
	podInitialBackoffSeconds: int64(internalqueue.DefaultPodInitialBackoffDuration.Seconds()),
	podMaxBackoffSeconds:     int64(internalqueue.DefaultPodMaxBackoffDuration.Seconds()),
	parallelism:              int32(parallelize.DefaultParallelism),
	// Ideally we would statically set the default profile here, but we can't because
	// creating the default profile may require testing feature gates, which may get
	// set dynamically in tests. Therefore, we delay creating it until New is actually
	// invoked.
	applyDefaultProfile: true,
}

// New returns a Scheduler
func New(client clientset.Interface,
	informerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory,
	dynInformerFactory dynamicinformer.DynamicSharedInformerFactory,
	recorderFactory profile.RecorderFactory,
	stopCh <-chan struct{},
	opts ...Option) (*Scheduler, error) {

	stopEverything := stopCh
	if stopEverything == nil {
		stopEverything = wait.NeverStop
	}

	options := defaultSchedulerOptions
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(&options)
	}

	if options.applyDefaultProfile {
		var versionedCfg v1beta3.KubeSchedulerConfiguration
		scheme.Scheme.Default(&versionedCfg)
		cfg := config.KubeSchedulerConfiguration{}
		if err := scheme.Scheme.Convert(&versionedCfg, &cfg, nil); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		options.profiles = cfg.Profiles
	}
	schedulerCache := internalcache.New(30*time.Second, stopEverything)

	registry := frameworkplugins.NewInTreeRegistry()
	if err := registry.Merge(options.frameworkOutOfTreeRegistry); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	snapshot := internalcache.NewEmptySnapshot()
	clusterEventMap := make(map[framework.ClusterEvent]sets.String)

	configurator := &Configurator{
		componentConfigVersion:   options.componentConfigVersion,
		client:                   client,
		kubeConfig:               options.kubeConfig,
		recorderFactory:          recorderFactory,
		informerFactory:          informerFactory,
		schedulerCache:           schedulerCache,
		StopEverything:           stopEverything,
		percentageOfNodesToScore: options.percentageOfNodesToScore,
		podInitialBackoffSeconds: options.podInitialBackoffSeconds,
		podMaxBackoffSeconds:     options.podMaxBackoffSeconds,
		profiles:                 append([]schedulerapi.KubeSchedulerProfile(nil), options.profiles...),
		registry:                 registry,
		nodeInfoSnapshot:         snapshot,
		extenders:                options.extenders,
		frameworkCapturer:        options.frameworkCapturer,
		parallellism:             options.parallelism,
		clusterEventMap:          clusterEventMap,
	}

	metrics.Register()

	// Create the config from component config
	sched, err := configurator.create()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't create scheduler: %v", err)
	}

	// Additional tweaks to the config produced by the configurator.
	sched.StopEverything = stopEverything
	sched.client = client

	addAllEventHandlers(sched, informerFactory, dynInformerFactory, unionedGVKs(clusterEventMap))

	return sched, nil
}

func unionedGVKs(m map[framework.ClusterEvent]sets.String) map[framework.GVK]framework.ActionType {
	gvkMap := make(map[framework.GVK]framework.ActionType)
	for evt := range m {
		if _, ok := gvkMap[evt.Resource]; ok {
			gvkMap[evt.Resource] |= evt.ActionType
		} else {
			gvkMap[evt.Resource] = evt.ActionType
		}
	}
	return gvkMap
}

// Run begins watching and scheduling. It starts scheduling and blocked until the context is done.
func (sched *Scheduler) Run(ctx context.Context) {
	sched.SchedulingQueue.Run()
	wait.UntilWithContext(ctx, sched.scheduleOne, 0)
	sched.SchedulingQueue.Close()
}

// recordSchedulingFailure records an event for the pod that indicates the
// pod has failed to schedule. Also, update the pod condition and nominated node name if set.
func (sched *Scheduler) recordSchedulingFailure(fwk framework.Framework, podInfo *framework.QueuedPodInfo, err error, reason string, nominatedNode string) {
	sched.Error(podInfo, err)

	// Update the scheduling queue with the nominated pod information. Without
	// this, there would be a race condition between the next scheduling cycle
	// and the time the scheduler receives a Pod Update for the nominated pod.
	// Here we check for nil only for tests.
	if sched.SchedulingQueue != nil {
		sched.SchedulingQueue.AddNominatedPod(podInfo.PodInfo, nominatedNode)
	}

	pod := podInfo.Pod
	msg := truncateMessage(err.Error())
	fwk.EventRecorder().Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "FailedScheduling", "Scheduling", msg)
	if err := updatePod(sched.client, pod, &v1.PodCondition{
		Type:    v1.PodScheduled,
		Status:  v1.ConditionFalse,
		Reason:  reason,
		Message: err.Error(),
	}, nominatedNode); err != nil {
		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error updating pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
	}
}

// truncateMessage truncates a message if it hits the NoteLengthLimit.
func truncateMessage(message string) string {
	max := validation.NoteLengthLimit
	if len(message) <= max {
		return message
	}
	suffix := " ..."
	return message[:max-len(suffix)] + suffix
}

func updatePod(client clientset.Interface, pod *v1.Pod, condition *v1.PodCondition, nominatedNode string) error {
	klog.V(3).InfoS("Updating pod condition", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "conditionType", condition.Type, "conditionStatus", condition.Status, "conditionReason", condition.Reason)
	podStatusCopy := pod.Status.DeepCopy()
	// NominatedNodeName is updated only if we are trying to set it, and the value is
	// different from the existing one.
	if !podutil.UpdatePodCondition(podStatusCopy, condition) &&
		(len(nominatedNode) == 0 || pod.Status.NominatedNodeName == nominatedNode) {
		return nil
	}
	if nominatedNode != "" {
		podStatusCopy.NominatedNodeName = nominatedNode
	}
	return util.PatchPodStatus(client, pod, podStatusCopy)
}

// assume signals to the cache that a pod is already in the cache, so that binding can be asynchronous.
// assume modifies `assumed`.
func (sched *Scheduler) assume(assumed *v1.Pod, host string) error {
	// Optimistically assume that the binding will succeed and send it to apiserver
	// in the background.
	// If the binding fails, scheduler will release resources allocated to assumed pod
	// immediately.
	assumed.Spec.NodeName = host

	if err := sched.SchedulerCache.AssumePod(assumed); err != nil {
		klog.ErrorS(err, "Scheduler cache AssumePod failed")
		return err
	}
	// if "assumed" is a nominated pod, we should remove it from internal cache
	if sched.SchedulingQueue != nil {
		sched.SchedulingQueue.DeleteNominatedPodIfExists(assumed)
	}

	return nil
}

// bind binds a pod to a given node defined in a binding object.
// The precedence for binding is: (1) extenders and (2) framework plugins.
// We expect this to run asynchronously, so we handle binding metrics internally.
func (sched *Scheduler) bind(ctx context.Context, fwk framework.Framework, assumed *v1.Pod, targetNode string, state *framework.CycleState) (err error) {
	defer func() {
		sched.finishBinding(fwk, assumed, targetNode, err)
	}()

	bound, err := sched.extendersBinding(assumed, targetNode)
	if bound {
		return err
	}
	bindStatus := fwk.RunBindPlugins(ctx, state, assumed, targetNode)
	if bindStatus.IsSuccess() {
		return nil
	}
	if bindStatus.Code() == framework.Error {
		return bindStatus.AsError()
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("bind status: %s, %v", bindStatus.Code().String(), bindStatus.Message())
}

// TODO(#87159): Move this to a Plugin.
func (sched *Scheduler) extendersBinding(pod *v1.Pod, node string) (bool, error) {
	for _, extender := range sched.Extenders {
		if !extender.IsBinder() || !extender.IsInterested(pod) {
			continue
		}
		return true, extender.Bind(&v1.Binding{
			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Namespace: pod.Namespace, Name: pod.Name, UID: pod.UID},
			Target:     v1.ObjectReference{Kind: "Node", Name: node},
		})
	}
	return false, nil
}

func (sched *Scheduler) finishBinding(fwk framework.Framework, assumed *v1.Pod, targetNode string, err error) {
	if finErr := sched.SchedulerCache.FinishBinding(assumed); finErr != nil {
		klog.ErrorS(finErr, "Scheduler cache FinishBinding failed")
	}
	if err != nil {
		klog.V(1).InfoS("Failed to bind pod", "pod", klog.KObj(assumed))
		return
	}

	fwk.EventRecorder().Eventf(assumed, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, "Scheduled", "Binding", "Successfully assigned %v/%v to %v", assumed.Namespace, assumed.Name, targetNode)
}

// scheduleOne does the entire scheduling workflow for a single pod. It is serialized on the scheduling algorithm's host fitting.
func (sched *Scheduler) scheduleOne(ctx context.Context) {
	podInfo := sched.NextPod()
	// pod could be nil when schedulerQueue is closed
	if podInfo == nil || podInfo.Pod == nil {
		return
	}
	pod := podInfo.Pod
	fwk, err := sched.frameworkForPod(pod)
	if err != nil {
		// This shouldn't happen, because we only accept for scheduling the pods
		// which specify a scheduler name that matches one of the profiles.
		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error occurred")
		return
	}
	if sched.skipPodSchedule(fwk, pod) {
		return
	}

	klog.V(3).InfoS("Attempting to schedule pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))

	// Synchronously attempt to find a fit for the pod.
	start := time.Now()
	state := framework.NewCycleState()
	state.SetRecordPluginMetrics(rand.Intn(100) < pluginMetricsSamplePercent)
	// Initialize an empty podsToActivate struct, which will be filled up by plugins or stay empty.
	podsToActivate := framework.NewPodsToActivate()
	state.Write(framework.PodsToActivateKey, podsToActivate)

	schedulingCycleCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	defer cancel()
	scheduleResult, err := sched.Algorithm.Schedule(schedulingCycleCtx, sched.Extenders, fwk, state, pod)
	if err != nil {
		// Schedule() may have failed because the pod would not fit on any host, so we try to
		// preempt, with the expectation that the next time the pod is tried for scheduling it
		// will fit due to the preemption. It is also possible that a different pod will schedule
		// into the resources that were preempted, but this is harmless.
		nominatedNode := ""
		if fitError, ok := err.(*framework.FitError); ok {
			if !fwk.HasPostFilterPlugins() {
				klog.V(3).InfoS("No PostFilter plugins are registered, so no preemption will be performed")
			} else {
				// Run PostFilter plugins to try to make the pod schedulable in a future scheduling cycle.
				result, status := fwk.RunPostFilterPlugins(ctx, state, pod, fitError.Diagnosis.NodeToStatusMap)
				if status.Code() == framework.Error {
					klog.ErrorS(nil, "Status after running PostFilter plugins for pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "status", status)
				} else {
					klog.V(5).InfoS("Status after running PostFilter plugins for pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "status", status)
				}
				if status.IsSuccess() && result != nil {
					nominatedNode = result.NominatedNodeName
				}
			}
			// Pod did not fit anywhere, so it is counted as a failure. If preemption
			// succeeds, the pod should get counted as a success the next time we try to
			// schedule it. (hopefully)
			metrics.PodUnschedulable(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
		} else if err == ErrNoNodesAvailable {
			// No nodes available is counted as unschedulable rather than an error.
			metrics.PodUnschedulable(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
		} else {
			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error selecting node for pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
			metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
		}
		sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, podInfo, err, v1.PodReasonUnschedulable, nominatedNode)
		return
	}
	metrics.SchedulingAlgorithmLatency.Observe(metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
	// Tell the cache to assume that a pod now is running on a given node, even though it hasn't been bound yet.
	// This allows us to keep scheduling without waiting on binding to occur.
	assumedPodInfo := podInfo.DeepCopy()
	assumedPod := assumedPodInfo.Pod
	// assume modifies `assumedPod` by setting NodeName=scheduleResult.SuggestedHost
	err = sched.assume(assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
	if err != nil {
		metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
		// This is most probably result of a BUG in retrying logic.
		// We report an error here so that pod scheduling can be retried.
		// This relies on the fact that Error will check if the pod has been bound
		// to a node and if so will not add it back to the unscheduled pods queue
		// (otherwise this would cause an infinite loop).
		sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, assumedPodInfo, err, SchedulerError, "")
		return
	}

	// Run the Reserve method of reserve plugins.
	if sts := fwk.RunReservePluginsReserve(schedulingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost); !sts.IsSuccess() {
		metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
		// trigger un-reserve to clean up state associated with the reserved Pod
		fwk.RunReservePluginsUnreserve(schedulingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
		if forgetErr := sched.SchedulerCache.ForgetPod(assumedPod); forgetErr != nil {
			klog.ErrorS(forgetErr, "Scheduler cache ForgetPod failed")
		}
		sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, assumedPodInfo, sts.AsError(), SchedulerError, "")
		return
	}

	// Run "permit" plugins.
	runPermitStatus := fwk.RunPermitPlugins(schedulingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
	if runPermitStatus.Code() != framework.Wait && !runPermitStatus.IsSuccess() {
		var reason string
		if runPermitStatus.IsUnschedulable() {
			metrics.PodUnschedulable(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
			reason = v1.PodReasonUnschedulable
		} else {
			metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
			reason = SchedulerError
		}
		// One of the plugins returned status different than success or wait.
		fwk.RunReservePluginsUnreserve(schedulingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
		if forgetErr := sched.SchedulerCache.ForgetPod(assumedPod); forgetErr != nil {
			klog.ErrorS(forgetErr, "Scheduler cache ForgetPod failed")
		}
		sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, assumedPodInfo, runPermitStatus.AsError(), reason, "")
		return
	}

	// At the end of a successful scheduling cycle, pop and move up Pods if needed.
	if len(podsToActivate.Map) != 0 {
		sched.SchedulingQueue.Activate(podsToActivate.Map)
		// Clear the entries after activation.
		podsToActivate.Map = make(map[string]*v1.Pod)
	}

	// bind the pod to its host asynchronously (we can do this b/c of the assumption step above).
	go func() {
		bindingCycleCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
		defer cancel()
		metrics.SchedulerGoroutines.WithLabelValues(metrics.Binding).Inc()
		defer metrics.SchedulerGoroutines.WithLabelValues(metrics.Binding).Dec()

		waitOnPermitStatus := fwk.WaitOnPermit(bindingCycleCtx, assumedPod)
		if !waitOnPermitStatus.IsSuccess() {
			var reason string
			if waitOnPermitStatus.IsUnschedulable() {
				metrics.PodUnschedulable(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
				reason = v1.PodReasonUnschedulable
			} else {
				metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
				reason = SchedulerError
			}
			// trigger un-reserve plugins to clean up state associated with the reserved Pod
			fwk.RunReservePluginsUnreserve(bindingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
			if forgetErr := sched.SchedulerCache.ForgetPod(assumedPod); forgetErr != nil {
				klog.ErrorS(forgetErr, "scheduler cache ForgetPod failed")
			} else {
				// "Forget"ing an assumed Pod in binding cycle should be treated as a PodDelete event,
				// as the assumed Pod had occupied a certain amount of resources in scheduler cache.
				// TODO(#103853): de-duplicate the logic.
				// Avoid moving the assumed Pod itself as it's always Unschedulable.
				// It's intentional to "defer" this operation; otherwise MoveAllToActiveOrBackoffQueue() would
				// update `q.moveRequest` and thus move the assumed pod to backoffQ anyways.
				defer sched.SchedulingQueue.MoveAllToActiveOrBackoffQueue(internalqueue.AssignedPodDelete, func(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
					return assumedPod.UID != pod.UID
				})
			}
			sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, assumedPodInfo, waitOnPermitStatus.AsError(), reason, "")
			return
		}

		// Run "prebind" plugins.
		preBindStatus := fwk.RunPreBindPlugins(bindingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
		if !preBindStatus.IsSuccess() {
			metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
			// trigger un-reserve plugins to clean up state associated with the reserved Pod
			fwk.RunReservePluginsUnreserve(bindingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
			if forgetErr := sched.SchedulerCache.ForgetPod(assumedPod); forgetErr != nil {
				klog.ErrorS(forgetErr, "scheduler cache ForgetPod failed")
			} else {
				// "Forget"ing an assumed Pod in binding cycle should be treated as a PodDelete event,
				// as the assumed Pod had occupied a certain amount of resources in scheduler cache.
				// TODO(#103853): de-duplicate the logic.
				sched.SchedulingQueue.MoveAllToActiveOrBackoffQueue(internalqueue.AssignedPodDelete, nil)
			}
			sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, assumedPodInfo, preBindStatus.AsError(), SchedulerError, "")
			return
		}

		err := sched.bind(bindingCycleCtx, fwk, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost, state)
		if err != nil {
			metrics.PodScheduleError(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
			// trigger un-reserve plugins to clean up state associated with the reserved Pod
			fwk.RunReservePluginsUnreserve(bindingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)
			if err := sched.SchedulerCache.ForgetPod(assumedPod); err != nil {
				klog.ErrorS(err, "scheduler cache ForgetPod failed")
			} else {
				// "Forget"ing an assumed Pod in binding cycle should be treated as a PodDelete event,
				// as the assumed Pod had occupied a certain amount of resources in scheduler cache.
				// TODO(#103853): de-duplicate the logic.
				sched.SchedulingQueue.MoveAllToActiveOrBackoffQueue(internalqueue.AssignedPodDelete, nil)
			}
			sched.recordSchedulingFailure(fwk, assumedPodInfo, fmt.Errorf("binding rejected: %w", err), SchedulerError, "")
		} else {
			// Calculating nodeResourceString can be heavy. Avoid it if klog verbosity is below 2.
			if klog.V(2).Enabled() {
				klog.InfoS("Successfully bound pod to node", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", scheduleResult.SuggestedHost, "evaluatedNodes", scheduleResult.EvaluatedNodes, "feasibleNodes", scheduleResult.FeasibleNodes)
			}
			metrics.PodScheduled(fwk.ProfileName(), metrics.SinceInSeconds(start))
			metrics.PodSchedulingAttempts.Observe(float64(podInfo.Attempts))
			metrics.PodSchedulingDuration.WithLabelValues(getAttemptsLabel(podInfo)).Observe(metrics.SinceInSeconds(podInfo.InitialAttemptTimestamp))

			// Run "postbind" plugins.
			fwk.RunPostBindPlugins(bindingCycleCtx, state, assumedPod, scheduleResult.SuggestedHost)

			// At the end of a successful binding cycle, move up Pods if needed.
			if len(podsToActivate.Map) != 0 {
				sched.SchedulingQueue.Activate(podsToActivate.Map)
				// Unlike the logic in scheduling cycle, we don't bother deleting the entries
				// as `podsToActivate.Map` is no longer consumed.
			}
		}
	}()
}

func getAttemptsLabel(p *framework.QueuedPodInfo) string {
	// We breakdown the pod scheduling duration by attempts capped to a limit
	// to avoid ending up with a high cardinality metric.
	if p.Attempts >= 15 {
		return "15+"
	}
	return strconv.Itoa(p.Attempts)
}

func (sched *Scheduler) frameworkForPod(pod *v1.Pod) (framework.Framework, error) {
	fwk, ok := sched.Profiles[pod.Spec.SchedulerName]
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("profile not found for scheduler name %q", pod.Spec.SchedulerName)
	}
	return fwk, nil
}

// skipPodSchedule returns true if we could skip scheduling the pod for specified cases.
func (sched *Scheduler) skipPodSchedule(fwk framework.Framework, pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	// Case 1: pod is being deleted.
	if pod.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
		fwk.EventRecorder().Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "FailedScheduling", "Scheduling", "skip schedule deleting pod: %v/%v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name)
		klog.V(3).InfoS("Skip schedule deleting pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
		return true
	}

	// Case 2: pod that has been assumed could be skipped.
	// An assumed pod can be added again to the scheduling queue if it got an update event
	// during its previous scheduling cycle but before getting assumed.
	isAssumed, err := sched.SchedulerCache.IsAssumedPod(pod)
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("failed to check whether pod %s/%s is assumed: %v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, err))
		return false
	}
	return isAssumed
}

// NewInformerFactory creates a SharedInformerFactory and initializes a scheduler specific
// in-place podInformer.
func NewInformerFactory(cs clientset.Interface, resyncPeriod time.Duration) informers.SharedInformerFactory {
	informerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(cs, resyncPeriod)
	informerFactory.InformerFor(&v1.Pod{}, newPodInformer)
	return informerFactory
}

// newPodInformer creates a shared index informer that returns only non-terminal pods.
func newPodInformer(cs clientset.Interface, resyncPeriod time.Duration) cache.SharedIndexInformer {
	selector := fmt.Sprintf("status.phase!=%v,status.phase!=%v", v1.PodSucceeded, v1.PodFailed)
	tweakListOptions := func(options *metav1.ListOptions) {
		options.FieldSelector = selector
	}
	return coreinformers.NewFilteredPodInformer(cs, metav1.NamespaceAll, resyncPeriod, nil, tweakListOptions)
}