add Hybrid retriever that not require any external service (#8108)

- Until now, hybrid search was limited to modules requiring external
services, such as Weaviate/Pinecone Hybrid Search. However, I have
developed a hybrid retriever that can merge a list of retrievers using
the [Reciprocal Rank
Fusion](https://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/cormacksigir09-rrf.pdf)
algorithm. This new approach, similar to Weaviate hybrid search, does
not require the initialization of any external service.
  - Dependencies: No  - Twitter handle: dayuanjian21687

---------

Co-authored-by: Bagatur <baskaryan@gmail.com>

docs/extras/modules/data_connection/retrievers/ensemble.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Ensemble Retriever\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The `EnsembleRetriever` takes a list of retrievers as input and ensemble the results of their get_relevant_documents() methods and rerank the results based on the [Reciprocal Rank Fusion](https://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/cormacksigir09-rrf.pdf) algorithm.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "By leveraging the strengths of different algorithms, the `EnsembleRetriever` can achieve better performance than any single algorithm. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "The most common pattern is to combine a sparse retriever(like BM25) with a dense retriever(like Embedding similarity), because their strengths are complementary. It is also known as \"hybrid search\".The sparse retriever is good at finding relevant documents based on keywords, while the dense retriever is good at finding relevant documents based on semantic similarity."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from langchain.retrievers import BM25Retriever, EnsembleRetriever\n",
+    "from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "doc_list = [\n",
+    "    \"I like apples\",\n",
+    "    \"I like oranges\",\n",
+    "    \"Apples and oranges are fruits\",\n",
+    "]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# initialize the bm25 retriever and faiss retriever\n",
+    "bm25_retriever = BM25Retriever.from_texts(doc_list)\n",
+    "bm25_retriever.k = 2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "embedding = OpenAIEmbeddings()\n",
+    "faiss_vectorstore = FAISS.from_texts(doc_list, embedding)\n",
+    "faiss_retriever = faiss_vectorstore.as_retriever(search_kwargs={\"k\": 2})\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# initialize the ensemble retriever\n",
+    "ensemble_retriever = EnsembleRetriever(retrievers=[bm25_retriever, faiss_retriever], weights=[0.5, 0.5])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[Document(page_content='I like apples', metadata={}),\n",
+       " Document(page_content='Apples and oranges are fruits', metadata={})]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "docs = ensemble_retriever.get_relevant_documents(\"apples\")\n",
+    "docs"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": ".venv",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.10.8"
+  },
+  "orig_nbformat": 4
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}