Reuse the existing collection if configured properly in Qdrant.from_texts (#7530)

This PR changes the behavior of `Qdrant.from_texts` so the collection is
reused if not requested to recreate it. Previously, calling
`Qdrant.from_texts` or `Qdrant.from_documents` resulted in removing the
old data which was confusing for many.

langchain/vectorstores/qdrant.py

@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     MetadataFilter = Union[DictFilter, common_types.Filter]
 
 
+class QdrantException(Exception):
+    """Base class for all the Qdrant related exceptions"""
+
+
 class Qdrant(VectorStore):
     """Wrapper around Qdrant vector database.
 
@@ -552,6 +556,7 @@ class Qdrant(VectorStore):
         wal_config: Optional[common_types.WalConfigDiff] = None,
         quantization_config: Optional[common_types.QuantizationConfig] = None,
         init_from: Optional[common_types.InitFrom] = None,
+        force_recreate: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Qdrant:
         """Construct Qdrant wrapper from a list of texts.
@@ -636,6 +641,8 @@ class Qdrant(VectorStore):
                 Params for quantization, if None - quantization will be disabled
             init_from:
                 Use data stored in another collection to initialize this collection
+            force_recreate:
+                Force recreating the collection
             **kwargs:
                 Additional arguments passed directly into REST client initialization
 
@@ -663,7 +670,9 @@ class Qdrant(VectorStore):
                 "Please install it with `pip install qdrant-client`."
             )
 
+        from grpc import RpcError
         from qdrant_client.http import models as rest
+        from qdrant_client.http.exceptions import UnexpectedResponse
 
         # Just do a single quick embedding to get vector size
         partial_embeddings = embedding.embed_documents(texts[:1])
@@ -687,62 +696,98 @@ class Qdrant(VectorStore):
             **kwargs,
         )
 
-        vectors_config = rest.VectorParams(
+        try:
-            size=vector_size,
+            # Skip any validation in case of forced collection recreate.
-            distance=rest.Distance[distance_func],
+            if force_recreate:
-        )
+                raise ValueError
 
-        # If vector name was provided, we're going to use the named vectors feature
+            # Get the vector configuration of the existing collection and vector, if it
-        # with just a single vector.
+            # was specified. If the old configuration does not match the current one,
-        if vector_name is not None:
+            # an exception is being thrown.
-            vectors_config = {  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            collection_info = client.get_collection(collection_name=collection_name)
-                vector_name: vectors_config,
+            current_vector_config = collection_info.config.params.vectors
-            }
+            if isinstance(current_vector_config, dict) and vector_name is not None:
+                if vector_name not in current_vector_config:
+                    raise QdrantException(
+                        f"Existing Qdrant collection {collection_name} does not "
+                        f"contain vector named {vector_name}. Did you mean one of the "
+                        f"existing vectors: {', '.join(current_vector_config.keys())}? "
+                        f"If you want to recreate the collection, set `force_recreate` "
+                        f"parameter to `True`."
+                    )
+                current_vector_config = current_vector_config.get(
+                    vector_name
+                )  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            elif isinstance(current_vector_config, dict) and vector_name is None:
+                raise QdrantException(
+                    f"Existing Qdrant collection {collection_name} uses named vectors. "
+                    f"If you want to reuse it, please set `vector_name` to any of the "
+                    f"existing named vectors: "
+                    f"{', '.join(current_vector_config.keys())}."  # noqa
+                    f"If you want to recreate the collection, set `force_recreate` "
+                    f"parameter to `True`."
+                )
+            elif (
+                not isinstance(current_vector_config, dict) and vector_name is not None
+            ):
+                raise QdrantException(
+                    f"Existing Qdrant collection {collection_name} doesn't use named "
+                    f"vectors. If you want to reuse it, please set `vector_name` to "
+                    f"`None`. If you want to recreate the collection, set "
+                    f"`force_recreate` parameter to `True`."
+                )
 
-        client.recreate_collection(
+            # Check if the vector configuration has the same dimensionality.
-            collection_name=collection_name,
+            if current_vector_config.size != vector_size:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-            vectors_config=vectors_config,
+                raise QdrantException(
-            shard_number=shard_number,
+                    f"Existing Qdrant collection is configured for vectors with "
-            replication_factor=replication_factor,
+                    f"{current_vector_config.size} "  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-            write_consistency_factor=write_consistency_factor,
+                    f"dimensions. Selected embeddings are {vector_size}-dimensional. "
-            on_disk_payload=on_disk_payload,
+                    f"If you want to recreate the collection, set `force_recreate` "
-            hnsw_config=hnsw_config,
+                    f"parameter to `True`."
-            optimizers_config=optimizers_config,
+                )
-            wal_config=wal_config,
-            quantization_config=quantization_config,
-            init_from=init_from,
-            timeout=timeout,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-        )
 
-        texts_iterator = iter(texts)
+            current_distance_func = (
-        metadatas_iterator = iter(metadatas or [])
+                current_vector_config.distance.name.upper()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-        ids_iterator = iter(ids or [uuid.uuid4().hex for _ in iter(texts)])
+            )
-        while batch_texts := list(islice(texts_iterator, batch_size)):
+            if current_distance_func != distance_func:
-            # Take the corresponding metadata and id for each text in a batch
+                raise QdrantException(
-            batch_metadatas = list(islice(metadatas_iterator, batch_size)) or None
+                    f"Existing Qdrant collection is configured for "
-            batch_ids = list(islice(ids_iterator, batch_size))
+                    f"{current_vector_config.distance} "  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-
+                    f"similarity. Please set `distance_func` parameter to "
-            # Generate the embeddings for all the texts in a batch
+                    f"`{distance_func}` if you want to reuse it. If you want to "
-            batch_embeddings = embedding.embed_documents(batch_texts)
+                    f"recreate the collection, set `force_recreate` parameter to "
-            if vector_name is not None:
+                    f"`True`."
-                batch_embeddings = {  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                )
-                    vector_name: batch_embeddings
+        except (UnexpectedResponse, RpcError, ValueError):
-                }
+            vectors_config = rest.VectorParams(
-
+                size=vector_size,
-            points = rest.Batch.construct(
+                distance=rest.Distance[distance_func],
-                ids=batch_ids,
-                vectors=batch_embeddings,
-                payloads=cls._build_payloads(
-                    batch_texts,
-                    batch_metadatas,
-                    content_payload_key,
-                    metadata_payload_key,
-                ),
             )
 
-            client.upsert(collection_name=collection_name, points=points)
+            # If vector name was provided, we're going to use the named vectors feature
+            # with just a single vector.
+            if vector_name is not None:
+                vectors_config = {  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                    vector_name: vectors_config,
+                }
 
-        return cls(
+            client.recreate_collection(
+                collection_name=collection_name,
+                vectors_config=vectors_config,
+                shard_number=shard_number,
+                replication_factor=replication_factor,
+                write_consistency_factor=write_consistency_factor,
+                on_disk_payload=on_disk_payload,
+                hnsw_config=hnsw_config,
+                optimizers_config=optimizers_config,
+                wal_config=wal_config,
+                quantization_config=quantization_config,
+                init_from=init_from,
+                timeout=timeout,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+
+        qdrant = cls(
             client=client,
             collection_name=collection_name,
             embeddings=embedding,
@@ -751,6 +796,8 @@ class Qdrant(VectorStore):
             distance_strategy=distance_func,
             vector_name=vector_name,
         )
+        qdrant.add_texts(texts, metadatas, ids, batch_size)
+        return qdrant
 
     @classmethod
     def _build_payloads(

tests/integration_tests/vectorstores/fake_embeddings.py

@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ class ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(FakeEmbeddings):
     """Fake embeddings which remember all the texts seen so far to return consistent
     vectors for the same texts."""
 
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, dimensionality: int = 10) -> None:
         self.known_texts: List[str] = []
+        self.dimensionality = dimensionality
 
     def embed_documents(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[List[float]]:
         """Return consistent embeddings for each text seen so far."""
@@ -36,7 +37,9 @@ class ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(FakeEmbeddings):
         for text in texts:
             if text not in self.known_texts:
                 self.known_texts.append(text)
-            vector = [float(1.0)] * 9 + [float(self.known_texts.index(text))]
+            vector = [float(1.0)] * (self.dimensionality - 1) + [
+                float(self.known_texts.index(text))
+            ]
             out_vectors.append(vector)
         return out_vectors
 
@@ -44,8 +47,10 @@ class ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(FakeEmbeddings):
         """Return consistent embeddings for the text, if seen before, or a constant
         one if the text is unknown."""
         if text not in self.known_texts:
-            return [float(1.0)] * 9 + [float(0.0)]
+            return [float(1.0)] * (self.dimensionality - 1) + [float(0.0)]
-        return [float(1.0)] * 9 + [float(self.known_texts.index(text))]
+        return [float(1.0)] * (self.dimensionality - 1) + [
+            float(self.known_texts.index(text))
+        ]
 
 
 class AngularTwoDimensionalEmbeddings(Embeddings):

tests/integration_tests/vectorstores/test_qdrant.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from qdrant_client.http import models as rest
 from langchain.docstore.document import Document
 from langchain.embeddings.base import Embeddings
 from langchain.vectorstores import Qdrant
+from langchain.vectorstores.qdrant import QdrantException
 from tests.integration_tests.vectorstores.fake_embeddings import (
     ConsistentFakeEmbeddings,
 )
@@ -537,3 +538,148 @@ def test_qdrant_similarity_search_with_relevance_scores(
     assert all(
         (1 >= score or np.isclose(score, 1)) and score >= 0 for _, score in output
     )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("vector_name", [None, "custom-vector"])
+def test_qdrant_from_texts_reuses_same_collection(vector_name: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    """Test if Qdrant.from_texts reuses the same collection"""
+    from qdrant_client import QdrantClient
+
+    collection_name = "test"
+    embeddings = ConsistentFakeEmbeddings()
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["lorem", "ipsum", "dolor", "sit", "amet"],
+            embeddings,
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            vector_name=vector_name,
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["foo", "bar"],
+            embeddings,
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            vector_name=vector_name,
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        client = QdrantClient(path=str(tmpdir))
+        assert 7 == client.count(collection_name).count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("vector_name", [None, "custom-vector"])
+def test_qdrant_from_texts_raises_error_on_different_dimensionality(
+    vector_name: Optional[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test if Qdrant.from_texts raises an exception if dimensionality does not match"""
+    collection_name = "test"
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["lorem", "ipsum", "dolor", "sit", "amet"],
+            ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=10),
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            vector_name=vector_name,
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        with pytest.raises(QdrantException):
+            Qdrant.from_texts(
+                ["foo", "bar"],
+                ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=5),
+                collection_name=collection_name,
+                path=str(tmpdir),
+                vector_name=vector_name,
+            )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ["first_vector_name", "second_vector_name"],
+    [
+        (None, "custom-vector"),
+        ("custom-vector", None),
+        ("my-first-vector", "my-second_vector"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_qdrant_from_texts_raises_error_on_different_vector_name(
+    first_vector_name: Optional[str],
+    second_vector_name: Optional[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test if Qdrant.from_texts raises an exception if vector name does not match"""
+    collection_name = "test"
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["lorem", "ipsum", "dolor", "sit", "amet"],
+            ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=10),
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            vector_name=first_vector_name,
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        with pytest.raises(QdrantException):
+            Qdrant.from_texts(
+                ["foo", "bar"],
+                ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=5),
+                collection_name=collection_name,
+                path=str(tmpdir),
+                vector_name=second_vector_name,
+            )
+
+
+def test_qdrant_from_texts_raises_error_on_different_distance() -> None:
+    """Test if Qdrant.from_texts raises an exception if distance does not match"""
+    collection_name = "test"
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["lorem", "ipsum", "dolor", "sit", "amet"],
+            ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=10),
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            distance_func="Cosine",
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        with pytest.raises(QdrantException):
+            Qdrant.from_texts(
+                ["foo", "bar"],
+                ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=5),
+                collection_name=collection_name,
+                path=str(tmpdir),
+                distance_func="Euclid",
+            )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("vector_name", [None, "custom-vector"])
+def test_qdrant_from_texts_recreates_collection_on_force_recreate(
+    vector_name: Optional[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test if Qdrant.from_texts recreates the collection even if config mismatches"""
+    from qdrant_client import QdrantClient
+
+    collection_name = "test"
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["lorem", "ipsum", "dolor", "sit", "amet"],
+            ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=10),
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            vector_name=vector_name,
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        vec_store = Qdrant.from_texts(
+            ["foo", "bar"],
+            ConsistentFakeEmbeddings(dimensionality=5),
+            collection_name=collection_name,
+            path=str(tmpdir),
+            vector_name=vector_name,
+            force_recreate=True,
+        )
+        del vec_store
+
+        client = QdrantClient(path=str(tmpdir))
+        assert 2 == client.count(collection_name).count