feat(core): allow custom Mermaid URL (#32831)

- **Description:** Currently,
`langchain_core.runnables.graph_mermaid.py` is hardcoded to use
mermaid.ink to render graph diagrams. It would be nice to allow users to
specify a custom URL, e.g. for self-hosted instances of the Mermaid
server.
- **Issue:** [Langchain Forum: allow custom mermaid API
URL](https://forum.langchain.com/t/feature-request-allow-custom-mermaid-api-url/1472)
  - **Dependencies:** None

- [X] **Add tests and docs**: Added unit tests using mock requests.
- [X] **Lint and test**: Run `make format`, `make lint` and `make test`.

Minimal example using the feature:

```python
import os
import operator
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Annotated, TypedDict

from langgraph.graph import StateGraph

class State(TypedDict):
    messages: Annotated[list[dict[str, Any]], operator.add]

def hello_node(state: State) -> State:
    return {"messages": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "pong!"}]}

builder = StateGraph(State)
builder.add_node("hello_node", hello_node)
builder.add_edge("__start__", "hello_node")
builder.add_edge("hello_node", "__end__")

graph = builder.compile()

# Run graph
output = graph.invoke({"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "ping?"}]})

# Draw graph
Path("graph.png").write_bytes(graph.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png(base_url="https://custom-mermaid.ink"))
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Eugene Yurtsev <eyurtsev@gmail.com>

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/graph.py

@@ -614,7 +614,6 @@ class Graph:
 
         Returns:
             The Mermaid syntax string.
-
         """
         # Import locally to prevent circular import
         from langchain_core.runnables.graph_mermaid import draw_mermaid  # noqa: PLC0415
@@ -648,6 +647,7 @@ class Graph:
         max_retries: int = 1,
         retry_delay: float = 1.0,
         frontmatter_config: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        base_url: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> bytes:
         """Draw the graph as a PNG image using Mermaid.
 
@@ -683,6 +683,8 @@ class Graph:
                         "themeVariables": { "primaryColor": "#e2e2e2"},
                     }
                 }
+            base_url: The base URL of the Mermaid server for rendering via API.
+                Defaults to None.
 
         Returns:
             The PNG image as bytes.
@@ -707,6 +709,7 @@ class Graph:
             padding=padding,
             max_retries=max_retries,
             retry_delay=retry_delay,
+            base_url=base_url,
         )
 
 

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/graph_mermaid.py

@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@ def draw_mermaid_png(
     padding: int = 10,
     max_retries: int = 1,
     retry_delay: float = 1.0,
+    base_url: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> bytes:
     """Draws a Mermaid graph as PNG using provided syntax.
 
@@ -293,6 +294,8 @@ def draw_mermaid_png(
             Defaults to 1.
         retry_delay (float, optional): Delay between retries (MermaidDrawMethod.API).
             Defaults to 1.0.
+        base_url (str, optional): Base URL for the Mermaid.ink API.
+            Defaults to None.
 
     Returns:
         bytes: PNG image bytes.
@@ -313,6 +316,7 @@ def draw_mermaid_png(
             background_color=background_color,
             max_retries=max_retries,
             retry_delay=retry_delay,
+            base_url=base_url,
         )
     else:
         supported_methods = ", ".join([m.value for m in MermaidDrawMethod])
@@ -404,8 +408,12 @@ def _render_mermaid_using_api(
     file_type: Optional[Literal["jpeg", "png", "webp"]] = "png",
     max_retries: int = 1,
     retry_delay: float = 1.0,
+    base_url: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> bytes:
     """Renders Mermaid graph using the Mermaid.INK API."""
+    # Defaults to using the public mermaid.ink server.
+    base_url = base_url if base_url is not None else "https://mermaid.ink"
+
     if not _HAS_REQUESTS:
         msg = (
             "Install the `requests` module to use the Mermaid.INK API: "
@@ -425,7 +433,7 @@ def _render_mermaid_using_api(
             background_color = f"!{background_color}"
 
     image_url = (
-        f"https://mermaid.ink/img/{mermaid_syntax_encoded}"
+        f"{base_url}/img/{mermaid_syntax_encoded}"
         f"?type={file_type}&bgColor={background_color}"
     )
 
@@ -457,7 +465,7 @@ def _render_mermaid_using_api(
 
             # For other status codes, fail immediately
             msg = (
-                "Failed to reach https://mermaid.ink/ API while trying to render "
+                f"Failed to reach {base_url} API while trying to render "
                 f"your graph. Status code: {response.status_code}.\n\n"
             ) + error_msg_suffix
             raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -469,14 +477,14 @@ def _render_mermaid_using_api(
                 time.sleep(sleep_time)
             else:
                 msg = (
-                    "Failed to reach https://mermaid.ink/ API while trying to render "
+                    f"Failed to reach {base_url} API while trying to render "
                     f"your graph after {max_retries} retries. "
                 ) + error_msg_suffix
                 raise ValueError(msg) from e
 
     # This should not be reached, but just in case
     msg = (
-        "Failed to reach https://mermaid.ink/ API while trying to render "
+        f"Failed to reach {base_url} API while trying to render "
         f"your graph after {max_retries} retries. "
     ) + error_msg_suffix
     raise ValueError(msg)

libs/core/tests/unit_tests/runnables/test_graph.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from typing import Any, Optional
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 from packaging import version
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -12,8 +13,12 @@ from langchain_core.output_parsers.xml import XMLOutputParser
 from langchain_core.prompts.prompt import PromptTemplate
 from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
 from langchain_core.runnables.base import Runnable
-from langchain_core.runnables.graph import Edge, Graph, Node
+from langchain_core.runnables.graph import Edge, Graph, MermaidDrawMethod, Node
-from langchain_core.runnables.graph_mermaid import _escape_node_label
+from langchain_core.runnables.graph_mermaid import (
+    _escape_node_label,
+    _render_mermaid_using_api,
+    draw_mermaid_png,
+)
 from langchain_core.utils.pydantic import PYDANTIC_VERSION
 from tests.unit_tests.pydantic_utils import _normalize_schema
 
@@ -561,3 +566,90 @@ def test_graph_mermaid_frontmatter_config(snapshot: SnapshotAssertion) -> None:
             }
         }
     ) == snapshot(name="mermaid")
+
+
+def test_mermaid_base_url_default() -> None:
+    """Test that _render_mermaid_using_api defaults to mermaid.ink when None."""
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.status_code = 200
+    mock_response.content = b"fake image data"
+
+    with patch("requests.get", return_value=mock_response) as mock_get:
+        # Call the function with base_url=None (default)
+        _render_mermaid_using_api(
+            "graph TD;\n    A --> B;",
+            base_url=None,
+        )
+
+        # Verify that the URL was constructed with the default base URL
+        assert mock_get.called
+        args, kwargs = mock_get.call_args
+        url = args[0]  # First argument to request.get is the URL
+        assert url.startswith("https://mermaid.ink")
+
+
+def test_mermaid_base_url_custom() -> None:
+    """Test that _render_mermaid_using_api uses custom base_url when provided."""
+    custom_url = "https://custom.mermaid.com"
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.status_code = 200
+    mock_response.content = b"fake image data"
+
+    with patch("requests.get", return_value=mock_response) as mock_get:
+        # Call the function with custom base_url.
+        _render_mermaid_using_api(
+            "graph TD;\n    A --> B;",
+            base_url=custom_url,
+        )
+
+        # Verify that the URL was constructed with our custom base URL
+        assert mock_get.called
+        args, kwargs = mock_get.call_args
+        url = args[0]  # First argument to request.get is the URL
+        assert url.startswith(custom_url)
+
+
+def test_draw_mermaid_png_function_base_url() -> None:
+    """Test that draw_mermaid_png function passes base_url to API renderer."""
+    custom_url = "https://custom.mermaid.com"
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.status_code = 200
+    mock_response.content = b"fake image data"
+
+    with patch("requests.get", return_value=mock_response) as mock_get:
+        # Call draw_mermaid_png with custom base_url
+        draw_mermaid_png(
+            "graph TD;\n    A --> B;",
+            draw_method=MermaidDrawMethod.API,
+            base_url=custom_url,
+        )
+
+        # Verify that the URL was constructed with our custom base URL
+        assert mock_get.called
+        args, kwargs = mock_get.call_args
+        url = args[0]  # First argument to request.get is the URL
+        assert url.startswith(custom_url)
+
+
+def test_graph_draw_mermaid_png_base_url() -> None:
+    """Test that Graph.draw_mermaid_png method passes base_url to renderer."""
+    custom_url = "https://custom.mermaid.com"
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.status_code = 200
+    mock_response.content = b"fake image data"
+
+    with patch("requests.get", return_value=mock_response) as mock_get:
+        # Create a simple graph
+        graph = Graph()
+        start_node = graph.add_node(BaseModel, id="start")
+        end_node = graph.add_node(BaseModel, id="end")
+        graph.add_edge(start_node, end_node)
+
+        # Call draw_mermaid_png with custom base_url
+        graph.draw_mermaid_png(draw_method=MermaidDrawMethod.API, base_url=custom_url)
+
+        # Verify that the URL was constructed with our custom base URL
+        assert mock_get.called
+        args, kwargs = mock_get.call_args
+        url = args[0]  # First argument to request.get is the URL
+        assert url.startswith(custom_url)