community[minor]: Revamp PGVector Filtering (#18992)

This PR makes the following updates in the pgvector database:

1. Use JSONB field for metadata instead of JSON
2. Update operator syntax to include required `$` prefix before the
operators (otherwise there will be name collisions with fields)
3. The change is non-breaking, old functionality is still the default,
but it will emit a deprecation warning
4. Previous functionality has bugs associated with comparisons due to
casting to text (so lexical ordering is used incorrectly for numeric
fields)
5. Adds an a GIN index on the JSONB field for more efficient querying

libs/community/langchain_community/vectorstores/pgvector.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
 import enum
+import json
 import logging
 import uuid
 from typing import (
@@ -18,8 +19,9 @@ from typing import (
 
 import numpy as np
 import sqlalchemy
-from sqlalchemy import delete
+from langchain_core._api import warn_deprecated
-from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSON, UUID
+from sqlalchemy import SQLColumnExpression, delete, func
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSON, JSONB, UUID
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, relationship
 
 try:
@@ -61,8 +63,39 @@ class BaseModel(Base):
 
 _classes: Any = None
 
+COMPARISONS_TO_NATIVE = {
+    "$eq": "==",
+    "$ne": "!=",
+    "$lt": "<",
+    "$lte": "<=",
+    "$gt": ">",
+    "$gte": ">=",
+}
 
-def _get_embedding_collection_store(vector_dimension: Optional[int] = None) -> Any:
+SPECIAL_CASED_OPERATORS = {
+    "$in",
+    "$nin",
+    "$between",
+}
+
+TEXT_OPERATORS = {
+    "$like",
+    "$ilike",
+}
+
+LOGICAL_OPERATORS = {"$and", "$or"}
+
+SUPPORTED_OPERATORS = (
+    set(COMPARISONS_TO_NATIVE)
+    .union(TEXT_OPERATORS)
+    .union(LOGICAL_OPERATORS)
+    .union(SPECIAL_CASED_OPERATORS)
+)
+
+
+def _get_embedding_collection_store(
+    vector_dimension: Optional[int] = None, *, use_jsonb: bool = True
+) -> Any:
     global _classes
     if _classes is not None:
         return _classes
@@ -111,26 +144,60 @@ def _get_embedding_collection_store(vector_dimension: Optional[int] = None) -> A
             created = True
             return collection, created
 
-    class EmbeddingStore(BaseModel):
+    if use_jsonb:
-        """Embedding store."""
+        # TODO(PRIOR TO LANDING): Create a gin index on the cmetadata field
+        class EmbeddingStore(BaseModel):
+            """Embedding store."""
 
-        __tablename__ = "langchain_pg_embedding"
+            __tablename__ = "langchain_pg_embedding"
 
-        collection_id = sqlalchemy.Column(
+            collection_id = sqlalchemy.Column(
-            UUID(as_uuid=True),
+                UUID(as_uuid=True),
-            sqlalchemy.ForeignKey(
+                sqlalchemy.ForeignKey(
-                f"{CollectionStore.__tablename__}.uuid",
+                    f"{CollectionStore.__tablename__}.uuid",
-                ondelete="CASCADE",
+                    ondelete="CASCADE",
-            ),
+                ),
-        )
+            )
-        collection = relationship(CollectionStore, back_populates="embeddings")
+            collection = relationship(CollectionStore, back_populates="embeddings")
 
-        embedding: Vector = sqlalchemy.Column(Vector(vector_dimension))
+            embedding: Vector = sqlalchemy.Column(Vector(vector_dimension))
-        document = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String, nullable=True)
+            document = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String, nullable=True)
-        cmetadata = sqlalchemy.Column(JSON, nullable=True)
+            cmetadata = sqlalchemy.Column(JSONB, nullable=True)
 
-        # custom_id : any user defined id
+            # custom_id : any user defined id
-        custom_id = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String, nullable=True)
+            custom_id = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String, nullable=True)
+
+            __table_args__ = (
+                sqlalchemy.Index(
+                    "ix_cmetadata_gin",
+                    "cmetadata",
+                    postgresql_using="gin",
+                    postgresql_ops={"cmetadata": "jsonb_path_ops"},
+                ),
+            )
+    else:
+        # For backwards comaptibilty with older versions of pgvector
+        # This should be removed in the future (remove during migration)
+        class EmbeddingStore(BaseModel):  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            """Embedding store."""
+
+            __tablename__ = "langchain_pg_embedding"
+
+            collection_id = sqlalchemy.Column(
+                UUID(as_uuid=True),
+                sqlalchemy.ForeignKey(
+                    f"{CollectionStore.__tablename__}.uuid",
+                    ondelete="CASCADE",
+                ),
+            )
+            collection = relationship(CollectionStore, back_populates="embeddings")
+
+            embedding: Vector = sqlalchemy.Column(Vector(vector_dimension))
+            document = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String, nullable=True)
+            cmetadata = sqlalchemy.Column(JSON, nullable=True)
+
+            # custom_id : any user defined id
+            custom_id = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String, nullable=True)
 
     _classes = (EmbeddingStore, CollectionStore)
 
@@ -163,6 +230,11 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         pre_delete_collection: If True, will delete the collection if it exists.
             (default: False). Useful for testing.
         engine_args: SQLAlchemy's create engine arguments.
+        use_jsonb: Use JSONB instead of JSON for metadata. (default: True)
+            Strongly discouraged from using JSON as it's not as efficient
+            for querying.
+            It's provided here for backwards compatibility with older versions,
+            and will be removed in the future.
 
     Example:
         .. code-block:: python
@@ -178,9 +250,8 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
                 documents=docs,
                 collection_name=COLLECTION_NAME,
                 connection_string=CONNECTION_STRING,
+                use_jsonb=True,
             )
-
-
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -197,7 +268,9 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         *,
         connection: Optional[sqlalchemy.engine.Connection] = None,
         engine_args: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        use_jsonb: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
+        """Initialize the PGVector store."""
         self.connection_string = connection_string
         self.embedding_function = embedding_function
         self._embedding_length = embedding_length
@@ -209,6 +282,29 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         self.override_relevance_score_fn = relevance_score_fn
         self.engine_args = engine_args or {}
         self._bind = connection if connection else self._create_engine()
+        self.use_jsonb = use_jsonb
+
+        if not use_jsonb:
+            # Replace with a deprecation warning.
+            warn_deprecated(
+                "0.0.29",
+                pending=True,
+                message=(
+                    "Please use JSONB instead of JSON for metadata. "
+                    "This change will allow for more efficient querying that "
+                    "involves filtering based on metadata."
+                    "Please note that filtering operators have been changed "
+                    "when using JSOB metadata to be prefixed with a $ sign "
+                    "to avoid name collisions with columns. "
+                    "If you're using an existing database, you will need to create a"
+                    "db migration for your metadata column to be JSONB and update your "
+                    "queries to use the new operators. "
+                ),
+                alternative=(
+                    "Instantiate with use_jsonb=True to use JSONB instead "
+                    "of JSON for metadata."
+                ),
+            )
         self.__post_init__()
 
     def __post_init__(
@@ -218,7 +314,7 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         self.create_vector_extension()
 
         EmbeddingStore, CollectionStore = _get_embedding_collection_store(
-            self._embedding_length
+            self._embedding_length, use_jsonb=self.use_jsonb
         )
         self.CollectionStore = CollectionStore
         self.EmbeddingStore = EmbeddingStore
@@ -336,6 +432,8 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         distance_strategy: DistanceStrategy = DEFAULT_DISTANCE_STRATEGY,
         connection_string: Optional[str] = None,
         pre_delete_collection: bool = False,
+        *,
+        use_jsonb: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> PGVector:
         if ids is None:
@@ -352,6 +450,7 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
             embedding_function=embedding,
             distance_strategy=distance_strategy,
             pre_delete_collection=pre_delete_collection,
+            use_jsonb=use_jsonb,
             **kwargs,
         )
 
@@ -508,7 +607,117 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         ]
         return docs
 
-    def _create_filter_clause(self, key, value):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    def _handle_field_filter(
+        self,
+        field: str,
+        value: Any,
+    ) -> SQLColumnExpression:
+        """Create a filter for a specific field.
+
+        Args:
+            field: name of field
+            value: value to filter
+                If provided as is then this will be an equality filter
+                If provided as a dictionary then this will be a filter, the key
+                will be the operator and the value will be the value to filter by
+
+        Returns:
+            sqlalchemy expression
+        """
+        if not isinstance(field, str):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"field should be a string but got: {type(field)} with value: {field}"
+            )
+
+        if field.startswith("$"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid filter condition. Expected a field but got an operator: "
+                f"{field}"
+            )
+
+        # Allow [a-zA-Z0-9_], disallow $ for now until we support escape characters
+        if not field.isidentifier():
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid field name: {field}. Expected a valid identifier."
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            # This is a filter specification
+            if len(value) != 1:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Invalid filter condition. Expected a value which "
+                    "is a dictionary with a single key that corresponds to an operator "
+                    f"but got a dictionary with {len(value)} keys. The first few "
+                    f"keys are: {list(value.keys())[:3]}"
+                )
+            operator, filter_value = list(value.items())[0]
+            # Verify that that operator is an operator
+            if operator not in SUPPORTED_OPERATORS:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid operator: {operator}. "
+                    f"Expected one of {SUPPORTED_OPERATORS}"
+                )
+        else:  # Then we assume an equality operator
+            operator = "$eq"
+            filter_value = value
+
+        if operator in COMPARISONS_TO_NATIVE:
+            # Then we implement an equality filter
+            # native is trusted input
+            native = COMPARISONS_TO_NATIVE[operator]
+            return func.jsonb_path_match(
+                self.EmbeddingStore.cmetadata,
+                f"$.{field} {native} $value",
+                json.dumps({"value": filter_value}),
+            )
+        elif operator == "$between":
+            # Use AND with two comparisons
+            low, high = filter_value
+
+            lower_bound = func.jsonb_path_match(
+                self.EmbeddingStore.cmetadata,
+                f"$.{field} >= $value",
+                json.dumps({"value": low}),
+            )
+            upper_bound = func.jsonb_path_match(
+                self.EmbeddingStore.cmetadata,
+                f"$.{field} <= $value",
+                json.dumps({"value": high}),
+            )
+            return sqlalchemy.and_(lower_bound, upper_bound)
+        elif operator in {"$in", "$nin", "$like", "$ilike"}:
+            # We'll do force coercion to text
+            if operator in {"$in", "$nin"}:
+                for val in filter_value:
+                    if not isinstance(val, (str, int, float)):
+                        raise NotImplementedError(
+                            f"Unsupported type: {type(val)} for value: {val}"
+                        )
+
+            queried_field = self.EmbeddingStore.cmetadata[field].astext
+
+            if operator in {"$in"}:
+                return queried_field.in_([str(val) for val in filter_value])
+            elif operator in {"$nin"}:
+                return queried_field.nin_([str(val) for val in filter_value])
+            elif operator in {"$like"}:
+                return queried_field.like(filter_value)
+            elif operator in {"$ilike"}:
+                return queried_field.ilike(filter_value)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError()
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _create_filter_clause_deprecated(self, key, value):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+        """Deprecated functionality.
+
+        This is for backwards compatibility with the JSON based schema for metadata.
+        It uses incorrect operator syntax (operators are not prefixed with $).
+
+        This implementation is not efficient, and has bugs associated with
+        the way that it handles numeric filter clauses.
+        """
         IN, NIN, BETWEEN, GT, LT, NE = "in", "nin", "between", "gt", "lt", "ne"
         EQ, LIKE, CONTAINS, OR, AND = "eq", "like", "contains", "or", "and"
 
@@ -568,6 +777,117 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
 
         return filter_by_metadata
 
+    def _create_filter_clause_json_deprecated(
+        self, filter: Any
+    ) -> List[SQLColumnExpression]:
+        """Convert filters from IR to SQL clauses.
+
+        **DEPRECATED** This functionality will be deprecated in the future.
+
+        It implements translation of filters for a schema that uses JSON
+        for metadata rather than the JSONB field which is more efficient
+        for querying.
+        """
+        filter_clauses = []
+        for key, value in filter.items():
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                filter_by_metadata = self._create_filter_clause_deprecated(key, value)
+
+                if filter_by_metadata is not None:
+                    filter_clauses.append(filter_by_metadata)
+            else:
+                filter_by_metadata = self.EmbeddingStore.cmetadata[key].astext == str(
+                    value
+                )
+                filter_clauses.append(filter_by_metadata)
+        return filter_clauses
+
+    def _create_filter_clause(self, filters: Any) -> Any:
+        """Convert LangChain IR filter representation to matching SQLAlchemy clauses.
+
+        At the top level, we still don't know if we're working with a field
+        or an operator for the keys. After we've determined that we can
+        call the appropriate logic to handle filter creation.
+
+        Args:
+            filters: Dictionary of filters to apply to the query.
+
+        Returns:
+            SQLAlchemy clause to apply to the query.
+        """
+        if isinstance(filters, dict):
+            if len(filters) == 1:
+                # The only operators allowed at the top level are $AND and $OR
+                # First check if an operator or a field
+                key, value = list(filters.items())[0]
+                if key.startswith("$"):
+                    # Then it's an operator
+                    if key.lower() not in ["$and", "$or"]:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"Invalid filter condition. Expected $and or $or "
+                            f"but got: {key}"
+                        )
+                else:
+                    # Then it's a field
+                    return self._handle_field_filter(key, filters[key])
+
+                # Here we handle the $and and $or operators
+                if not isinstance(value, list):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Expected a list, but got {type(value)} for value: {value}"
+                    )
+                if key.lower() == "$and":
+                    and_ = [self._create_filter_clause(el) for el in value]
+                    if len(and_) > 1:
+                        return sqlalchemy.and_(*and_)
+                    elif len(and_) == 1:
+                        return and_[0]
+                    else:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "Invalid filter condition. Expected a dictionary "
+                            "but got an empty dictionary"
+                        )
+                elif key.lower() == "$or":
+                    or_ = [self._create_filter_clause(el) for el in value]
+                    if len(or_) > 1:
+                        return sqlalchemy.or_(*or_)
+                    elif len(or_) == 1:
+                        return or_[0]
+                    else:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "Invalid filter condition. Expected a dictionary "
+                            "but got an empty dictionary"
+                        )
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Invalid filter condition. Expected $and or $or "
+                        f"but got: {key}"
+                    )
+            elif len(filters) > 1:
+                # Then all keys have to be fields (they cannot be operators)
+                for key in filters.keys():
+                    if key.startswith("$"):
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"Invalid filter condition. Expected a field but got: {key}"
+                        )
+                # These should all be fields and combined using an $and operator
+                and_ = [self._handle_field_filter(k, v) for k, v in filters.items()]
+                if len(and_) > 1:
+                    return sqlalchemy.and_(*and_)
+                elif len(and_) == 1:
+                    return and_[0]
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Invalid filter condition. Expected a dictionary "
+                        "but got an empty dictionary"
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Got an empty dictionary for filters.")
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid type: Expected a dictionary but got type: {type(filters)}"
+            )
+
     def __query_collection(
         self,
         embedding: List[float],
@@ -580,24 +900,16 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
             if not collection:
                 raise ValueError("Collection not found")
 
-            filter_by = self.EmbeddingStore.collection_id == collection.uuid
+            filter_by = [self.EmbeddingStore.collection_id == collection.uuid]
-
+            if filter:
-            if filter is not None:
+                if self.use_jsonb:
-                filter_clauses = []
+                    filter_clauses = self._create_filter_clause(filter)
-
+                    if filter_clauses is not None:
-                for key, value in filter.items():
+                        filter_by.append(filter_clauses)
-                    if isinstance(value, dict):
+                else:
-                        filter_by_metadata = self._create_filter_clause(key, value)
+                    # Old way of doing things
-
+                    filter_clauses = self._create_filter_clause_json_deprecated(filter)
-                        if filter_by_metadata is not None:
+                    filter_by.extend(filter_clauses)
-                            filter_clauses.append(filter_by_metadata)
-                    else:
-                        filter_by_metadata = self.EmbeddingStore.cmetadata[
-                            key
-                        ].astext == str(value)
-                        filter_clauses.append(filter_by_metadata)
-
-                filter_by = sqlalchemy.and_(filter_by, *filter_clauses)
 
             _type = self.EmbeddingStore
 
@@ -606,7 +918,7 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
                     self.EmbeddingStore,
                     self.distance_strategy(embedding).label("distance"),  # type: ignore
                 )
-                .filter(filter_by)
+                .filter(*filter_by)
                 .order_by(sqlalchemy.asc("distance"))
                 .join(
                     self.CollectionStore,
@@ -615,6 +927,7 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
                 .limit(k)
                 .all()
             )
+
         return results
 
     def similarity_search_by_vector(
@@ -649,6 +962,8 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         distance_strategy: DistanceStrategy = DEFAULT_DISTANCE_STRATEGY,
         ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         pre_delete_collection: bool = False,
+        *,
+        use_jsonb: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> PGVector:
         """
@@ -668,6 +983,7 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
             collection_name=collection_name,
             distance_strategy=distance_strategy,
             pre_delete_collection=pre_delete_collection,
+            use_jsonb=use_jsonb,
             **kwargs,
         )
 
@@ -769,6 +1085,8 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
         distance_strategy: DistanceStrategy = DEFAULT_DISTANCE_STRATEGY,
         ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         pre_delete_collection: bool = False,
+        *,
+        use_jsonb: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> PGVector:
         """
@@ -792,6 +1110,7 @@ class PGVector(VectorStore):
             metadatas=metadatas,
             ids=ids,
             collection_name=collection_name,
+            use_jsonb=use_jsonb,
             **kwargs,
         )
 

libs/community/tests/integration_tests/vectorstores/fixtures/filtering_test_cases.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+"""Module contains test cases for testing filtering of documents in vector stores.
+"""
+from langchain_core.documents import Document
+
+metadatas = [
+    {
+        "name": "adam",
+        "date": "2021-01-01",
+        "count": 1,
+        "is_active": True,
+        "tags": ["a", "b"],
+        "location": [1.0, 2.0],
+        "info": {"address": "123 main st", "phone": "123-456-7890"},
+        "id": 1,
+        "height": 10.0,  # Float column
+        "happiness": 0.9,  # Float column
+        "sadness": 0.1,  # Float column
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "bob",
+        "date": "2021-01-02",
+        "count": 2,
+        "is_active": False,
+        "tags": ["b", "c"],
+        "location": [2.0, 3.0],
+        "info": {"address": "456 main st", "phone": "123-456-7890"},
+        "id": 2,
+        "height": 5.7,  # Float column
+        "happiness": 0.8,  # Float column
+        "sadness": 0.1,  # Float column
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "jane",
+        "date": "2021-01-01",
+        "count": 3,
+        "is_active": True,
+        "tags": ["b", "d"],
+        "location": [3.0, 4.0],
+        "info": {"address": "789 main st", "phone": "123-456-7890"},
+        "id": 3,
+        "height": 2.4,  # Float column
+        "happiness": None,
+        # Sadness missing intentionally
+    },
+]
+texts = ["id {id}".format(id=metadata["id"]) for metadata in metadatas]
+
+DOCUMENTS = [
+    Document(page_content=text, metadata=metadata)
+    for text, metadata in zip(texts, metadatas)
+]
+
+
+TYPE_1_FILTERING_TEST_CASES = [
+    # These tests only involve equality checks
+    (
+        {"id": 1},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    # String field
+    (
+        # check name
+        {"name": "adam"},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    # Boolean fields
+    (
+        {"is_active": True},
+        [1, 3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"is_active": False},
+        [2],
+    ),
+    # And semantics for top level filtering
+    (
+        {"id": 1, "is_active": True},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": 1, "is_active": False},
+        [],
+    ),
+]
+
+TYPE_2_FILTERING_TEST_CASES = [
+    # These involve equality checks and other operators
+    # like $ne, $gt, $gte, $lt, $lte, $not
+    (
+        {"id": 1},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": {"$ne": 1}},
+        [2, 3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": {"$gt": 1}},
+        [2, 3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": {"$gte": 1}},
+        [1, 2, 3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": {"$lt": 1}},
+        [],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": {"$lte": 1}},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    # Repeat all the same tests with name (string column)
+    (
+        {"name": "adam"},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": "bob"},
+        [2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$eq": "adam"}},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$ne": "adam"}},
+        [2, 3],
+    ),
+    # And also gt, gte, lt, lte relying on lexicographical ordering
+    (
+        {"name": {"$gt": "jane"}},
+        [],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$gte": "jane"}},
+        [3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$lt": "jane"}},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$lte": "jane"}},
+        [1, 2, 3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"is_active": {"$eq": True}},
+        [1, 3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"is_active": {"$ne": True}},
+        [2],
+    ),
+    # Test float column.
+    (
+        {"height": {"$gt": 5.0}},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"height": {"$gte": 5.0}},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"height": {"$lt": 5.0}},
+        [3],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"height": {"$lte": 5.8}},
+        [2, 3],
+    ),
+]
+
+TYPE_3_FILTERING_TEST_CASES = [
+    # These involve usage of AND and OR operators
+    (
+        {"$or": [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"$or": [{"id": 1}, {"name": "bob"}]},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"$and": [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]},
+        [],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"$or": [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}, {"id": 3}]},
+        [1, 2, 3],
+    ),
+]
+
+TYPE_4_FILTERING_TEST_CASES = [
+    # These involve special operators like $in, $nin, $between
+    # Test between
+    (
+        {"id": {"$between": (1, 2)}},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"id": {"$between": (1, 1)}},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$in": ["adam", "bob"]}},
+        [1, 2],
+    ),
+]
+
+TYPE_5_FILTERING_TEST_CASES = [
+    # These involve special operators like $like, $ilike that
+    # may be specified to certain databases.
+    (
+        {"name": {"$like": "a%"}},
+        [1],
+    ),
+    (
+        {"name": {"$like": "%a%"}},  # adam and jane
+        [1, 3],
+    ),
+]

libs/community/tests/integration_tests/vectorstores/test_pgvector.py

@@ -1,13 +1,26 @@
 """Test PGVector functionality."""
 import os
-from typing import List
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Type, Union
 
+import pytest
 import sqlalchemy
 from langchain_core.documents import Document
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
-from langchain_community.vectorstores.pgvector import PGVector
+from langchain_community.vectorstores.pgvector import (
+    SUPPORTED_OPERATORS,
+    PGVector,
+)
 from tests.integration_tests.vectorstores.fake_embeddings import FakeEmbeddings
+from tests.integration_tests.vectorstores.fixtures.filtering_test_cases import (
+    DOCUMENTS,
+    TYPE_1_FILTERING_TEST_CASES,
+    TYPE_2_FILTERING_TEST_CASES,
+    TYPE_3_FILTERING_TEST_CASES,
+    TYPE_4_FILTERING_TEST_CASES,
+    TYPE_5_FILTERING_TEST_CASES,
+)
 
 # The connection string matches the default settings in the docker-compose file
 # located in the root of the repository: [root]/docker/docker-compose.yml
@@ -42,7 +55,7 @@ class FakeEmbeddingsWithAdaDimension(FakeEmbeddings):
         return [float(1.0)] * (ADA_TOKEN_COUNT - 1) + [float(0.0)]
 
 
-def test_pgvector() -> None:
+def test_pgvector(pgvector: PGVector) -> None:
     """Test end to end construction and search."""
     texts = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
     docsearch = PGVector.from_texts(
@@ -375,3 +388,255 @@ def test_pgvector_with_custom_engine_args() -> None:
     )
     output = docsearch.similarity_search("foo", k=1)
     assert output == [Document(page_content="foo")]
+
+
+# We should reuse this test-case across other integrations
+# Add database fixture using pytest
+@pytest.fixture
+def pgvector() -> Generator[PGVector, None, None]:
+    """Create a PGVector instance."""
+    store = PGVector.from_documents(
+        documents=DOCUMENTS,
+        collection_name="test_collection",
+        embedding=FakeEmbeddingsWithAdaDimension(),
+        connection_string=CONNECTION_STRING,
+        pre_delete_collection=True,
+        relevance_score_fn=lambda d: d * 0,
+        use_jsonb=True,
+    )
+    try:
+        yield store
+    # Do clean up
+    finally:
+        store.drop_tables()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_filter, expected_ids", TYPE_1_FILTERING_TEST_CASES)
+def test_pgvector_with_with_metadata_filters_1(
+    pgvector: PGVector,
+    test_filter: Dict[str, Any],
+    expected_ids: List[int],
+) -> None:
+    """Test end to end construction and search."""
+    docs = pgvector.similarity_search("meow", k=5, filter=test_filter)
+    assert [doc.metadata["id"] for doc in docs] == expected_ids, test_filter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_filter, expected_ids", TYPE_2_FILTERING_TEST_CASES)
+def test_pgvector_with_with_metadata_filters_2(
+    pgvector: PGVector,
+    test_filter: Dict[str, Any],
+    expected_ids: List[int],
+) -> None:
+    """Test end to end construction and search."""
+    docs = pgvector.similarity_search("meow", k=5, filter=test_filter)
+    assert [doc.metadata["id"] for doc in docs] == expected_ids, test_filter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_filter, expected_ids", TYPE_3_FILTERING_TEST_CASES)
+def test_pgvector_with_with_metadata_filters_3(
+    pgvector: PGVector,
+    test_filter: Dict[str, Any],
+    expected_ids: List[int],
+) -> None:
+    """Test end to end construction and search."""
+    docs = pgvector.similarity_search("meow", k=5, filter=test_filter)
+    assert [doc.metadata["id"] for doc in docs] == expected_ids, test_filter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_filter, expected_ids", TYPE_4_FILTERING_TEST_CASES)
+def test_pgvector_with_with_metadata_filters_4(
+    pgvector: PGVector,
+    test_filter: Dict[str, Any],
+    expected_ids: List[int],
+) -> None:
+    """Test end to end construction and search."""
+    docs = pgvector.similarity_search("meow", k=5, filter=test_filter)
+    assert [doc.metadata["id"] for doc in docs] == expected_ids, test_filter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_filter, expected_ids", TYPE_5_FILTERING_TEST_CASES)
+def test_pgvector_with_with_metadata_filters_5(
+    pgvector: PGVector,
+    test_filter: Dict[str, Any],
+    expected_ids: List[int],
+) -> None:
+    """Test end to end construction and search."""
+    docs = pgvector.similarity_search("meow", k=5, filter=test_filter)
+    assert [doc.metadata["id"] for doc in docs] == expected_ids, test_filter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "invalid_filter",
+    [
+        ["hello"],
+        {
+            "id": 2,
+            "$name": "foo",
+        },
+        {"$or": {}},
+        {"$and": {}},
+        {"$between": {}},
+        {"$eq": {}},
+    ],
+)
+def test_invalid_filters(pgvector: PGVector, invalid_filter: Any) -> None:
+    """Verify that invalid filters raise an error."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        pgvector._create_filter_clause(invalid_filter)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "filter,compiled",
+    [
+        ({"id 'evil code'": 2}, ValueError),
+        (
+            {"id": "'evil code' == 2"},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, "
+                "'$.id == $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": \"''evil code'' == 2\"}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"name": 'a"b'},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, "
+                "'$.name == $value', "
+                '\'{"value": "a\\\\"b"}\')'
+            ),
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_evil_code(
+    pgvector: PGVector, filter: Any, compiled: Union[Type[Exception], str]
+) -> None:
+    """Test evil code."""
+    if isinstance(compiled, str):
+        clause = pgvector._create_filter_clause(filter)
+        compiled_stmt = str(
+            clause.compile(
+                dialect=postgresql.dialect(),
+                compile_kwargs={
+                    # This substitutes the parameters with their actual values
+                    "literal_binds": True
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        assert compiled_stmt == compiled
+    else:
+        with pytest.raises(compiled):
+            pgvector._create_filter_clause(filter)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "filter,compiled",
+    [
+        (
+            {"id": 2},
+            "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id == $value', "
+            "'{\"value\": 2}')",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"id": {"$eq": 2}},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id == $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": 2}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"name": "foo"},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, "
+                "'$.name == $value', "
+                '\'{"value": "foo"}\')'
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"id": {"$ne": 2}},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id != $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": 2}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"id": {"$gt": 2}},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id > $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": 2}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"id": {"$gte": 2}},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id >= $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": 2}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"id": {"$lt": 2}},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id < $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": 2}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"id": {"$lte": 2}},
+            (
+                "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id <= $value', "
+                "'{\"value\": 2}')"
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"name": {"$ilike": "foo"}},
+            "langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata ->> 'name' ILIKE 'foo'",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"name": {"$like": "foo"}},
+            "langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata ->> 'name' LIKE 'foo'",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"$or": [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]},
+            # Please note that this might not be super optimized
+            # Another way to phrase the query is as
+            # langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata @@ '($.id == 1 || $.id == 2)'
+            "jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, '$.id == $value', "
+            "'{\"value\": 1}') OR jsonb_path_match(langchain_pg_embedding.cmetadata, "
+            "'$.id == $value', '{\"value\": 2}')",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_pgvector_query_compilation(
+    pgvector: PGVector, filter: Any, compiled: str
+) -> None:
+    """Test translation from IR to SQL"""
+    clause = pgvector._create_filter_clause(filter)
+    compiled_stmt = str(
+        clause.compile(
+            dialect=postgresql.dialect(),
+            compile_kwargs={
+                # This substitutes the parameters with their actual values
+                "literal_binds": True
+            },
+        )
+    )
+    assert compiled_stmt == compiled
+
+
+def test_validate_operators() -> None:
+    """Verify that all operators have been categorized."""
+    assert sorted(SUPPORTED_OPERATORS) == [
+        "$and",
+        "$between",
+        "$eq",
+        "$gt",
+        "$gte",
+        "$ilike",
+        "$in",
+        "$like",
+        "$lt",
+        "$lte",
+        "$ne",
+        "$nin",
+        "$or",
+    ]