diff --git a/libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/api.py b/libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/api.py
index 11343d17f71..4dd21de4f44 100644
--- a/libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/api.py
+++ b/libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/api.py
@@ -473,7 +473,9 @@ def index(
                 record_manager.delete_keys(uids_to_delete)
                 num_deleted += len(uids_to_delete)
 
-    if cleanup == "full" or cleanup == "scoped_full":
+    if cleanup == "full" or (
+        cleanup == "scoped_full" and scoped_full_cleanup_source_ids
+    ):
         delete_group_ids: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
         if cleanup == "scoped_full":
             delete_group_ids = list(scoped_full_cleanup_source_ids)
@@ -786,7 +788,9 @@ async def aindex(
                 await record_manager.adelete_keys(uids_to_delete)
                 num_deleted += len(uids_to_delete)
 
-    if cleanup == "full" or cleanup == "scoped_full":
+    if cleanup == "full" or (
+        cleanup == "scoped_full" and scoped_full_cleanup_source_ids
+    ):
         delete_group_ids: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
         if cleanup == "scoped_full":
             delete_group_ids = list(scoped_full_cleanup_source_ids)
diff --git a/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/indexing/test_indexing.py b/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
index 52cf3265e29..8d800c83b44 100644
--- a/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
+++ b/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
@@ -822,6 +822,158 @@ async def test_ascoped_full_fails_with_bad_source_ids(
         )
 
 
+def test_index_empty_doc_scoped_full(
+    record_manager: InMemoryRecordManager, vector_store: InMemoryVectorStore
+) -> None:
+    """Test Indexing with scoped_full strategy"""
+    loader = ToyLoader(
+        documents=[
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is a test document.",
+                metadata={"source": "1"},
+            ),
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is another document.",
+                metadata={"source": "1"},
+            ),
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is yet another document.",
+                metadata={"source": "1"},
+            ),
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is a test document from another source.",
+                metadata={"source": "2"},
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    with patch.object(
+        record_manager, "get_time", return_value=datetime(2021, 1, 1).timestamp()
+    ):
+        assert index(
+            loader,
+            record_manager,
+            vector_store,
+            cleanup="scoped_full",
+            source_id_key="source",
+        ) == {
+            "num_added": 4,
+            "num_deleted": 0,
+            "num_skipped": 0,
+            "num_updated": 0,
+        }
+
+    with patch.object(
+        record_manager, "get_time", return_value=datetime(2021, 1, 2).timestamp()
+    ):
+        assert index(
+            loader,
+            record_manager,
+            vector_store,
+            cleanup="scoped_full",
+            source_id_key="source",
+        ) == {
+            "num_added": 0,
+            "num_deleted": 0,
+            "num_skipped": 4,
+            "num_updated": 0,
+        }
+
+    loader = ToyLoader(documents=[])
+
+    with patch.object(
+        record_manager, "get_time", return_value=datetime(2021, 1, 3).timestamp()
+    ):
+        assert index(
+            loader,
+            record_manager,
+            vector_store,
+            cleanup="scoped_full",
+            source_id_key="source",
+        ) == {
+            "num_added": 0,
+            "num_deleted": 0,
+            "num_skipped": 0,
+            "num_updated": 0,
+        }
+
+
+async def test_aindex_empty_doc_scoped_full(
+    arecord_manager: InMemoryRecordManager, vector_store: InMemoryVectorStore
+) -> None:
+    """Test Indexing with scoped_full strategy."""
+    loader = ToyLoader(
+        documents=[
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is a test document.",
+                metadata={"source": "1"},
+            ),
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is another document.",
+                metadata={"source": "1"},
+            ),
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is yet another document.",
+                metadata={"source": "1"},
+            ),
+            Document(
+                page_content="This is a test document from another source.",
+                metadata={"source": "2"},
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    with patch.object(
+        arecord_manager, "get_time", return_value=datetime(2021, 1, 1).timestamp()
+    ):
+        assert await aindex(
+            loader,
+            arecord_manager,
+            vector_store,
+            cleanup="scoped_full",
+            source_id_key="source",
+        ) == {
+            "num_added": 4,
+            "num_deleted": 0,
+            "num_skipped": 0,
+            "num_updated": 0,
+        }
+
+    with patch.object(
+        arecord_manager, "get_time", return_value=datetime(2021, 1, 2).timestamp()
+    ):
+        assert await aindex(
+            loader,
+            arecord_manager,
+            vector_store,
+            cleanup="scoped_full",
+            source_id_key="source",
+        ) == {
+            "num_added": 0,
+            "num_deleted": 0,
+            "num_skipped": 4,
+            "num_updated": 0,
+        }
+
+    loader = ToyLoader(documents=[])
+
+    with patch.object(
+        arecord_manager, "get_time", return_value=datetime(2021, 1, 3).timestamp()
+    ):
+        assert await aindex(
+            loader,
+            arecord_manager,
+            vector_store,
+            cleanup="scoped_full",
+            source_id_key="source",
+        ) == {
+            "num_added": 0,
+            "num_deleted": 0,
+            "num_skipped": 0,
+            "num_updated": 0,
+        }
+
+
 def test_no_delete(
     record_manager: InMemoryRecordManager, vector_store: InMemoryVectorStore
 ) -> None: