core: Put Python version as a project requirement so it is considered by ruff (#26608)

Ruff doesn't know about the python version in
`[tool.poetry.dependencies]`. It can get it from
`project.requires-python`.

Notes:
* poetry seems to have issues getting the python constraints from
`requires-python` and using `python` in per dependency constraints. So I
had to duplicate the info. I will open an issue on poetry.
* `inspect.isclass()` doesn't work correctly with `GenericAlias`
(`list[...]`, `dict[..., ...]`) on Python <3.11 so I added some `not
isinstance(type, GenericAlias)` checks:

Python 3.11
```pycon
>>> import inspect
>>> inspect.isclass(list)
True
>>> inspect.isclass(list[str])
False
```

Python 3.9
```pycon
>>> import inspect
>>> inspect.isclass(list)
True
>>> inspect.isclass(list[str])
True
```

Co-authored-by: Eugene Yurtsev <eyurtsev@gmail.com>

libs/core/langchain_core/_api/beta_decorator.py

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ import contextlib
 import functools
 import inspect
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Callable, Generator, Type, TypeVar, Union, cast
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union, cast
 
 from langchain_core._api.internal import is_caller_internal
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ class LangChainBetaWarning(DeprecationWarning):
 # PUBLIC API
 
 
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=Union[Callable[..., Any], Type])
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=Union[Callable[..., Any], type])
 
 
 def beta(

libs/core/langchain_core/_api/deprecation.py

@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@ import contextlib
 import functools
 import inspect
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from typing import (
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Generator,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ class LangChainPendingDeprecationWarning(PendingDeprecationWarning):
 
 
 # Last Any should be FieldInfoV1 but this leads to circular imports
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=Union[Type, Callable[..., Any], Any])
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=Union[type, Callable[..., Any], Any])
 
 
 def _validate_deprecation_params(
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ def deprecated(
             if not _obj_type:
                 _obj_type = "attribute"
             wrapped = None
-            _name = _name or cast(Union[Type, Callable], obj.fget).__qualname__
+            _name = _name or cast(Union[type, Callable], obj.fget).__qualname__
             old_doc = obj.__doc__
 
             class _deprecated_property(property):
@@ -304,7 +303,7 @@ def deprecated(
                 )
 
         else:
-            _name = _name or cast(Union[Type, Callable], obj).__qualname__
+            _name = _name or cast(Union[type, Callable], obj).__qualname__
             if not _obj_type:
                 # edge case: when a function is within another function
                 # within a test, this will call it a "method" not a "function"

libs/core/langchain_core/agents.py

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ The schemas for the agents themselves are defined in langchain.agents.agent.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
-from typing import Any, Literal, Sequence, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
 
 from langchain_core.load.serializable import Serializable
 from langchain_core.messages import (

libs/core/langchain_core/beta/runnables/context.py

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 import asyncio
 import threading
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Mapping, Sequence
 from functools import partial
 from itertools import groupby
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    DefaultDict,
-    Dict,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -30,7 +24,7 @@ from langchain_core.runnables.config import RunnableConfig, ensure_config, patch
 from langchain_core.runnables.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec, Input, Output
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
-Values = Dict[Union[asyncio.Event, threading.Event], Any]
+Values = dict[Union[asyncio.Event, threading.Event], Any]
 CONTEXT_CONFIG_PREFIX = "__context__/"
 CONTEXT_CONFIG_SUFFIX_GET = "/get"
 CONTEXT_CONFIG_SUFFIX_SET = "/set"
@@ -70,10 +64,10 @@ def _key_from_id(id_: str) -> str:
 
 def _config_with_context(
     config: RunnableConfig,
-    steps: List[Runnable],
+    steps: list[Runnable],
     setter: Callable,
     getter: Callable,
-    event_cls: Union[Type[threading.Event], Type[asyncio.Event]],
+    event_cls: Union[type[threading.Event], type[asyncio.Event]],
 ) -> RunnableConfig:
     if any(k.startswith(CONTEXT_CONFIG_PREFIX) for k in config.get("configurable", {})):
         return config
@@ -99,10 +93,10 @@ def _config_with_context(
     }
 
     values: Values = {}
-    events: DefaultDict[str, Union[asyncio.Event, threading.Event]] = defaultdict(
+    events: defaultdict[str, Union[asyncio.Event, threading.Event]] = defaultdict(
         event_cls
     )
-    context_funcs: Dict[str, Callable[[], Any]] = {}
+    context_funcs: dict[str, Callable[[], Any]] = {}
     for key, group in grouped_by_key.items():
         getters = [s for s in group if s[0].id.endswith(CONTEXT_CONFIG_SUFFIX_GET)]
         setters = [s for s in group if s[0].id.endswith(CONTEXT_CONFIG_SUFFIX_SET)]
@@ -129,7 +123,7 @@ def _config_with_context(
 
 def aconfig_with_context(
     config: RunnableConfig,
-    steps: List[Runnable],
+    steps: list[Runnable],
 ) -> RunnableConfig:
     """Asynchronously patch a runnable config with context getters and setters.
 
@@ -145,7 +139,7 @@ def aconfig_with_context(
 
 def config_with_context(
     config: RunnableConfig,
-    steps: List[Runnable],
+    steps: list[Runnable],
 ) -> RunnableConfig:
     """Patch a runnable config with context getters and setters.
 
@@ -165,13 +159,13 @@ class ContextGet(RunnableSerializable):
 
     prefix: str = ""
 
-    key: Union[str, List[str]]
+    key: Union[str, list[str]]
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f"ContextGet({_print_keys(self.key)})"
 
     @property
-    def ids(self) -> List[str]:
+    def ids(self) -> list[str]:
         prefix = self.prefix + "/" if self.prefix else ""
         keys = self.key if isinstance(self.key, list) else [self.key]
         return [
@@ -180,7 +174,7 @@ class ContextGet(RunnableSerializable):
         ]
 
     @property
-    def config_specs(self) -> List[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
+    def config_specs(self) -> list[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
         return super().config_specs + [
             ConfigurableFieldSpec(
                 id=id_,
@@ -256,7 +250,7 @@ class ContextSet(RunnableSerializable):
         return f"ContextSet({_print_keys(list(self.keys.keys()))})"
 
     @property
-    def ids(self) -> List[str]:
+    def ids(self) -> list[str]:
         prefix = self.prefix + "/" if self.prefix else ""
         return [
             f"{CONTEXT_CONFIG_PREFIX}{prefix}{key}{CONTEXT_CONFIG_SUFFIX_SET}"
@@ -264,7 +258,7 @@ class ContextSet(RunnableSerializable):
         ]
 
     @property
-    def config_specs(self) -> List[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
+    def config_specs(self) -> list[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
         mapper_config_specs = [
             s
             for mapper in self.keys.values()
@@ -364,7 +358,7 @@ class Context:
         return PrefixContext(prefix=scope)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def getter(key: Union[str, List[str]], /) -> ContextGet:
+    def getter(key: Union[str, list[str]], /) -> ContextGet:
         return ContextGet(key=key)
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -385,7 +379,7 @@ class PrefixContext:
     def __init__(self, prefix: str = ""):
         self.prefix = prefix
 
-    def getter(self, key: Union[str, List[str]], /) -> ContextGet:
+    def getter(self, key: Union[str, list[str]], /) -> ContextGet:
         return ContextGet(key=key, prefix=self.prefix)
 
     def setter(

libs/core/langchain_core/caches.py

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ Cache directly competes with Memory. See documentation for Pros and Cons.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from langchain_core.outputs import Generation
 from langchain_core.runnables import run_in_executor

libs/core/langchain_core/callbacks/base.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from tenacity import RetryCallState
@@ -1070,4 +1071,4 @@ class BaseCallbackManager(CallbackManagerMixin):
             self.inheritable_metadata.pop(key)
 
 
-Callbacks = Optional[Union[List[BaseCallbackHandler], BaseCallbackManager]]
+Callbacks = Optional[Union[list[BaseCallbackHandler], BaseCallbackManager]]

libs/core/langchain_core/callbacks/manager.py

@@ -5,19 +5,15 @@ import functools
 import logging
 import uuid
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Coroutine, Generator, Sequence
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
 from contextvars import copy_context
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncGenerator,
     Callable,
-    Coroutine,
-    Generator,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -2352,7 +2348,7 @@ def _configure(
             and handler_class is not None
         )
         if var.get() is not None or create_one:
-            var_handler = var.get() or cast(Type[BaseCallbackHandler], handler_class)()
+            var_handler = var.get() or cast(type[BaseCallbackHandler], handler_class)()
             if handler_class is None:
                 if not any(
                     handler is var_handler  # direct pointer comparison

libs/core/langchain_core/chat_history.py

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Sequence, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Union
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 

libs/core/langchain_core/chat_loaders.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Iterator, List
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from langchain_core.chat_sessions import ChatSession
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class BaseChatLoader(ABC):
             An iterator of chat sessions.
         """
 
-    def load(self) -> List[ChatSession]:
+    def load(self) -> list[ChatSession]:
         """Eagerly load the chat sessions into memory.
 
         Returns:

libs/core/langchain_core/chat_sessions.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """**Chat Sessions** are a collection of messages and function calls."""
 
-from typing import Sequence, TypedDict
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TypedDict
 
 from langchain_core.messages import BaseMessage
 

libs/core/langchain_core/document_loaders/base.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator, Iterator, Optional
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from langchain_core.documents import Document
 from langchain_core.runnables import run_in_executor

libs/core/langchain_core/document_loaders/blob_loaders.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ In addition, content loading code should provide a lazy loading interface by def
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Iterable
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 # Re-export Blob and PathLike for backwards compatibility
 from langchain_core.documents.base import Blob as Blob

libs/core/langchain_core/document_loaders/langsmith.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import datetime
 import json
 import uuid
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, Sequence, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
 
 from langsmith import Client as LangSmithClient
 

libs/core/langchain_core/documents/base.py

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
 import mimetypes
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from io import BufferedReader, BytesIO
 from pathlib import PurePath
-from typing import Any, Generator, Literal, Optional, Union, cast
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union, cast
 
 from pydantic import ConfigDict, Field, field_validator, model_validator
 

libs/core/langchain_core/documents/compressor.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Optional, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Optional
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 

libs/core/langchain_core/documents/transformers.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from langchain_core.runnables.config import run_in_executor
 

libs/core/langchain_core/embeddings/embeddings.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """**Embeddings** interface."""
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import List
 
 from langchain_core.runnables.config import run_in_executor
 
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class Embeddings(ABC):
     """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def embed_documents(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[List[float]]:
+    def embed_documents(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[list[float]]:
         """Embed search docs.
 
         Args:
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ class Embeddings(ABC):
         """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def embed_query(self, text: str) -> List[float]:
+    def embed_query(self, text: str) -> list[float]:
         """Embed query text.
 
         Args:
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ class Embeddings(ABC):
             Embedding.
         """
 
-    async def aembed_documents(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[List[float]]:
+    async def aembed_documents(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[list[float]]:
         """Asynchronous Embed search docs.
 
         Args:
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class Embeddings(ABC):
         """
         return await run_in_executor(None, self.embed_documents, texts)
 
-    async def aembed_query(self, text: str) -> List[float]:
+    async def aembed_query(self, text: str) -> list[float]:
         """Asynchronous Embed query text.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/embeddings/fake.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 # Please do not add additional fake embedding model implementations here.
 import hashlib
-from typing import List
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -51,15 +50,15 @@ class FakeEmbeddings(Embeddings, BaseModel):
     size: int
     """The size of the embedding vector."""
 
-    def _get_embedding(self) -> List[float]:
+    def _get_embedding(self) -> list[float]:
         import numpy as np  # type: ignore[import-not-found, import-untyped]
 
         return list(np.random.normal(size=self.size))
 
-    def embed_documents(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[List[float]]:
+    def embed_documents(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[list[float]]:
         return [self._get_embedding() for _ in texts]
 
-    def embed_query(self, text: str) -> List[float]:
+    def embed_query(self, text: str) -> list[float]:
         return self._get_embedding()
 
 
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ class DeterministicFakeEmbedding(Embeddings, BaseModel):
     size: int
     """The size of the embedding vector."""
 
-    def _get_embedding(self, seed: int) -> List[float]:
+    def _get_embedding(self, seed: int) -> list[float]:
         import numpy as np  # type: ignore[import-not-found, import-untyped]
 
         # set the seed for the random generator
@@ -117,8 +116,8 @@ class DeterministicFakeEmbedding(Embeddings, BaseModel):
         """Get a seed for the random generator, using the hash of the text."""
         return int(hashlib.sha256(text.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest(), 16) % 10**8
 
-    def embed_documents(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[List[float]]:
+    def embed_documents(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[list[float]]:
         return [self._get_embedding(seed=self._get_seed(_)) for _ in texts]
 
-    def embed_query(self, text: str) -> List[float]:
+    def embed_query(self, text: str) -> list[float]:
         return self._get_embedding(seed=self._get_seed(text))

libs/core/langchain_core/example_selectors/base.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Interface for selecting examples to include in prompts."""
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Dict, List
+from typing import Any
 
 from langchain_core.runnables import run_in_executor
 
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ class BaseExampleSelector(ABC):
     """Interface for selecting examples to include in prompts."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def add_example(self, example: Dict[str, str]) -> Any:
+    def add_example(self, example: dict[str, str]) -> Any:
         """Add new example to store.
 
         Args:
             example: A dictionary with keys as input variables
                 and values as their values."""
 
-    async def aadd_example(self, example: Dict[str, str]) -> Any:
+    async def aadd_example(self, example: dict[str, str]) -> Any:
         """Async add new example to store.
 
         Args:
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ class BaseExampleSelector(ABC):
         return await run_in_executor(None, self.add_example, example)
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def select_examples(self, input_variables: Dict[str, str]) -> List[dict]:
+    def select_examples(self, input_variables: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict]:
         """Select which examples to use based on the inputs.
 
         Args:
             input_variables: A dictionary with keys as input variables
                 and values as their values."""
 
-    async def aselect_examples(self, input_variables: Dict[str, str]) -> List[dict]:
+    async def aselect_examples(self, input_variables: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict]:
         """Async select which examples to use based on the inputs.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/example_selectors/length_based.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Select examples based on length."""
 
 import re
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List
+from typing import Callable
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 from typing_extensions import Self
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def _get_length_based(text: str) -> int:
 class LengthBasedExampleSelector(BaseExampleSelector, BaseModel):
     """Select examples based on length."""
 
-    examples: List[dict]
+    examples: list[dict]
     """A list of the examples that the prompt template expects."""
 
     example_prompt: PromptTemplate
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ class LengthBasedExampleSelector(BaseExampleSelector, BaseModel):
     max_length: int = 2048
     """Max length for the prompt, beyond which examples are cut."""
 
-    example_text_lengths: List[int] = Field(default_factory=list)  # :meta private:
+    example_text_lengths: list[int] = Field(default_factory=list)  # :meta private:
     """Length of each example."""
 
-    def add_example(self, example: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    def add_example(self, example: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         """Add new example to list.
 
         Args:
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class LengthBasedExampleSelector(BaseExampleSelector, BaseModel):
         string_example = self.example_prompt.format(**example)
         self.example_text_lengths.append(self.get_text_length(string_example))
 
-    async def aadd_example(self, example: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    async def aadd_example(self, example: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         """Async add new example to list.
 
         Args:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class LengthBasedExampleSelector(BaseExampleSelector, BaseModel):
         self.example_text_lengths = [self.get_text_length(eg) for eg in string_examples]
         return self
 
-    def select_examples(self, input_variables: Dict[str, str]) -> List[dict]:
+    def select_examples(self, input_variables: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict]:
         """Select which examples to use based on the input lengths.
 
         Args:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class LengthBasedExampleSelector(BaseExampleSelector, BaseModel):
             i += 1
         return examples
 
-    async def aselect_examples(self, input_variables: Dict[str, str]) -> List[dict]:
+    async def aselect_examples(self, input_variables: dict[str, str]) -> list[dict]:
         """Async select which examples to use based on the input lengths.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/graph_vectorstores/base.py

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Collection, Iterable, Iterator
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterable,
     ClassVar,
-    Collection,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
     Optional,
 )
 

libs/core/langchain_core/graph_vectorstores/links.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Iterable, List, Literal, Union
+from typing import Literal, Union
 
 from langchain_core._api import beta
 from langchain_core.documents import Document
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ METADATA_LINKS_KEY = "links"
 
 
 @beta()
-def get_links(doc: Document) -> List[Link]:
+def get_links(doc: Document) -> list[Link]:
     """Get the links from a document.
 
     Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/api.py

@@ -5,17 +5,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import hashlib
 import json
 import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
 from itertools import islice
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterable,
-    AsyncIterator,
     Callable,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     TypedDict,
     TypeVar,
     Union,

libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/base.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import abc
 import time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence, TypedDict
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Optional, TypedDict
 
 from langchain_core._api import beta
 from langchain_core.documents import Document

libs/core/langchain_core/indexing/in_memory.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import uuid
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, cast
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Optional, cast
 
 from pydantic import Field
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class InMemoryDocumentIndex(DocumentIndex):
     .. versionadded:: 0.2.29
     """
 
-    store: Dict[str, Document] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    store: dict[str, Document] = Field(default_factory=dict)
     top_k: int = 4
 
     def upsert(self, items: Sequence[Document], /, **kwargs: Any) -> UpsertResponse:
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class InMemoryDocumentIndex(DocumentIndex):
 
         return UpsertResponse(succeeded=ok_ids, failed=[])
 
-    def delete(self, ids: Optional[List[str]] = None, **kwargs: Any) -> DeleteResponse:
+    def delete(self, ids: Optional[list[str]] = None, **kwargs: Any) -> DeleteResponse:
         """Delete by ID."""
         if ids is None:
             raise ValueError("IDs must be provided for deletion")
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class InMemoryDocumentIndex(DocumentIndex):
             succeeded=ok_ids, num_deleted=len(ok_ids), num_failed=0, failed=[]
         )
 
-    def get(self, ids: Sequence[str], /, **kwargs: Any) -> List[Document]:
+    def get(self, ids: Sequence[str], /, **kwargs: Any) -> list[Document]:
         """Get by ids."""
         found_documents = []
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ class InMemoryDocumentIndex(DocumentIndex):
 
     def _get_relevant_documents(
         self, query: str, *, run_manager: CallbackManagerForRetrieverRun
-    ) -> List[Document]:
+    ) -> list[Document]:
         counts_by_doc = []
 
         for document in self.store.values():

libs/core/langchain_core/language_models/base.py

@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from functools import lru_cache
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from functools import cache
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    List,
     Literal,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ class LangSmithParams(TypedDict, total=False):
     """Stop words for generation."""
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)  # Cache the tokenizer
+@cache  # Cache the tokenizer
 def get_tokenizer() -> Any:
     """Get a GPT-2 tokenizer instance.
 
@@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ class BaseLanguageModel(
         return Union[
             str,
             Union[StringPromptValue, ChatPromptValueConcrete],
-            List[AnyMessage],
+            list[AnyMessage],
         ]
 
     @abstractmethod

libs/core/langchain_core/language_models/chat_models.py

@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import inspect
 import json
+import typing
 import uuid
 import warnings
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
 from functools import cached_property
 from operator import itemgetter
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
@@ -1121,18 +1119,18 @@ class BaseChatModel(BaseLanguageModel[BaseMessage], ABC):
 
     def bind_tools(
         self,
-        tools: Sequence[Union[Dict[str, Any], type, Callable, BaseTool]],  # noqa: UP006
+        tools: Sequence[Union[typing.Dict[str, Any], type, Callable, BaseTool]],  # noqa: UP006
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Runnable[LanguageModelInput, BaseMessage]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def with_structured_output(
         self,
-        schema: Union[Dict, type],  # noqa: UP006
+        schema: Union[typing.Dict, type],  # noqa: UP006
         *,
         include_raw: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> Runnable[LanguageModelInput, Union[Dict, BaseModel]]:  # noqa: UP006
+    ) -> Runnable[LanguageModelInput, Union[typing.Dict, BaseModel]]:  # noqa: UP006
         """Model wrapper that returns outputs formatted to match the given schema.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/language_models/fake.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import time
-from typing import Any, AsyncIterator, Iterator, List, Mapping, Optional
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Mapping
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from langchain_core.callbacks import (
     AsyncCallbackManagerForLLMRun,
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
 class FakeListLLM(LLM):
     """Fake LLM for testing purposes."""
 
-    responses: List[str]
+    responses: list[str]
     """List of responses to return in order."""
     # This parameter should be removed from FakeListLLM since
     # it's only used by sub-classes.
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class FakeListLLM(LLM):
     def _call(
         self,
         prompt: str,
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> str:
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ class FakeListLLM(LLM):
     async def _acall(
         self,
         prompt: str,
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[AsyncCallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> str:
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class FakeStreamingListLLM(FakeListLLM):
         input: LanguageModelInput,
         config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None,
         *,
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterator[str]:
         result = self.invoke(input, config)
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ class FakeStreamingListLLM(FakeListLLM):
         input: LanguageModelInput,
         config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None,
         *,
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
         result = await self.ainvoke(input, config)

libs/core/langchain_core/language_models/fake_chat_models.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import asyncio
 import re
 import time
-from typing import Any, AsyncIterator, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Union, cast
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union, cast
 
 from langchain_core.callbacks import (
     AsyncCallbackManagerForLLMRun,
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ from langchain_core.outputs import ChatGeneration, ChatGenerationChunk, ChatResu
 class FakeMessagesListChatModel(BaseChatModel):
     """Fake ChatModel for testing purposes."""
 
-    responses: List[BaseMessage]
+    responses: list[BaseMessage]
     """List of responses to **cycle** through in order."""
     sleep: Optional[float] = None
     """Sleep time in seconds between responses."""
@@ -26,8 +27,8 @@ class FakeMessagesListChatModel(BaseChatModel):
 
     def _generate(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ChatResult:
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ class FakeListChatModelError(Exception):
 class FakeListChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
     """Fake ChatModel for testing purposes."""
 
-    responses: List[str]
+    responses: list[str]
     """List of responses to **cycle** through in order."""
     sleep: Optional[float] = None
     i: int = 0
@@ -65,8 +66,8 @@ class FakeListChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
 
     def _call(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> str:
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@ class FakeListChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
 
     def _stream(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Union[List[str], None] = None,
+        stop: Union[list[str], None] = None,
         run_manager: Union[CallbackManagerForLLMRun, None] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterator[ChatGenerationChunk]:
@@ -103,8 +104,8 @@ class FakeListChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
 
     async def _astream(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Union[List[str], None] = None,
+        stop: Union[list[str], None] = None,
         run_manager: Union[AsyncCallbackManagerForLLMRun, None] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> AsyncIterator[ChatGenerationChunk]:
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ class FakeListChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
             yield ChatGenerationChunk(message=AIMessageChunk(content=c))
 
     @property
-    def _identifying_params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _identifying_params(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {"responses": self.responses}
 
 
@@ -133,8 +134,8 @@ class FakeChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
 
     def _call(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> str:
@@ -142,8 +143,8 @@ class FakeChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
 
     async def _agenerate(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[AsyncCallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ChatResult:
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ class FakeChatModel(SimpleChatModel):
         return "fake-chat-model"
 
     @property
-    def _identifying_params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _identifying_params(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {"key": "fake"}
 
 
@@ -186,8 +187,8 @@ class GenericFakeChatModel(BaseChatModel):
 
     def _generate(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ChatResult:
@@ -202,8 +203,8 @@ class GenericFakeChatModel(BaseChatModel):
 
     def _stream(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterator[ChatGenerationChunk]:
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ class GenericFakeChatModel(BaseChatModel):
             # Use a regular expression to split on whitespace with a capture group
             # so that we can preserve the whitespace in the output.
             assert isinstance(content, str)
-            content_chunks = cast(List[str], re.split(r"(\s)", content))
+            content_chunks = cast(list[str], re.split(r"(\s)", content))
 
             for token in content_chunks:
                 chunk = ChatGenerationChunk(
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ class GenericFakeChatModel(BaseChatModel):
                     for fkey, fvalue in value.items():
                         if isinstance(fvalue, str):
                             # Break function call by `,`
-                            fvalue_chunks = cast(List[str], re.split(r"(,)", fvalue))
+                            fvalue_chunks = cast(list[str], re.split(r"(,)", fvalue))
                             for fvalue_chunk in fvalue_chunks:
                                 chunk = ChatGenerationChunk(
                                     message=AIMessageChunk(
@@ -306,8 +307,8 @@ class ParrotFakeChatModel(BaseChatModel):
 
     def _generate(
         self,
-        messages: List[BaseMessage],
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
-        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForLLMRun] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ChatResult:

libs/core/langchain_core/language_models/llms.py

@@ -10,16 +10,12 @@ import logging
 import uuid
 import warnings
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
@@ -448,7 +444,7 @@ class BaseLLM(BaseLanguageModel[str], ABC):
                 return [g[0].text for g in llm_result.generations]
             except Exception as e:
                 if return_exceptions:
-                    return cast(List[str], [e for _ in inputs])
+                    return cast(list[str], [e for _ in inputs])
                 else:
                     raise e
         else:
@@ -494,7 +490,7 @@ class BaseLLM(BaseLanguageModel[str], ABC):
                 return [g[0].text for g in llm_result.generations]
             except Exception as e:
                 if return_exceptions:
-                    return cast(List[str], [e for _ in inputs])
+                    return cast(list[str], [e for _ in inputs])
                 else:
                     raise e
         else:
@@ -883,13 +879,13 @@ class BaseLLM(BaseLanguageModel[str], ABC):
             assert run_name is None or (
                 isinstance(run_name, list) and len(run_name) == len(prompts)
             )
-            callbacks = cast(List[Callbacks], callbacks)
+            callbacks = cast(list[Callbacks], callbacks)
-            tags_list = cast(List[Optional[List[str]]], tags or ([None] * len(prompts)))
+            tags_list = cast(list[Optional[list[str]]], tags or ([None] * len(prompts)))
             metadata_list = cast(
-                List[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]], metadata or ([{}] * len(prompts))
+                list[Optional[dict[str, Any]]], metadata or ([{}] * len(prompts))
             )
             run_name_list = run_name or cast(
-                List[Optional[str]], ([None] * len(prompts))
+                list[Optional[str]], ([None] * len(prompts))
             )
             callback_managers = [
                 CallbackManager.configure(
@@ -910,9 +906,9 @@ class BaseLLM(BaseLanguageModel[str], ABC):
                     cast(Callbacks, callbacks),
                     self.callbacks,
                     self.verbose,
-                    cast(List[str], tags),
+                    cast(list[str], tags),
                     self.tags,
-                    cast(Dict[str, Any], metadata),
+                    cast(dict[str, Any], metadata),
                     self.metadata,
                 )
             ] * len(prompts)
@@ -1116,13 +1112,13 @@ class BaseLLM(BaseLanguageModel[str], ABC):
             assert run_name is None or (
                 isinstance(run_name, list) and len(run_name) == len(prompts)
             )
-            callbacks = cast(List[Callbacks], callbacks)
+            callbacks = cast(list[Callbacks], callbacks)
-            tags_list = cast(List[Optional[List[str]]], tags or ([None] * len(prompts)))
+            tags_list = cast(list[Optional[list[str]]], tags or ([None] * len(prompts)))
             metadata_list = cast(
-                List[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]], metadata or ([{}] * len(prompts))
+                list[Optional[dict[str, Any]]], metadata or ([{}] * len(prompts))
             )
             run_name_list = run_name or cast(
-                List[Optional[str]], ([None] * len(prompts))
+                list[Optional[str]], ([None] * len(prompts))
             )
             callback_managers = [
                 AsyncCallbackManager.configure(
@@ -1143,9 +1139,9 @@ class BaseLLM(BaseLanguageModel[str], ABC):
                     cast(Callbacks, callbacks),
                     self.callbacks,
                     self.verbose,
-                    cast(List[str], tags),
+                    cast(list[str], tags),
                     self.tags,
-                    cast(Dict[str, Any], metadata),
+                    cast(dict[str, Any], metadata),
                     self.metadata,
                 )
             ] * len(prompts)

libs/core/langchain_core/load/load.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import importlib
 import json
 import os
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from langchain_core._api import beta
 from langchain_core.load.mapping import (
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ class Reviver:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        secrets_map: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        secrets_map: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
-        valid_namespaces: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        valid_namespaces: Optional[list[str]] = None,
         secrets_from_env: bool = True,
         additional_import_mappings: Optional[
-            Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]]
+            dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]]
         ] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize the reviver.
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class Reviver:
             else ALL_SERIALIZABLE_MAPPINGS
         )
 
-    def __call__(self, value: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    def __call__(self, value: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
         if (
             value.get("lc", None) == 1
             and value.get("type", None) == "secret"
@@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ class Reviver:
 def loads(
     text: str,
     *,
-    secrets_map: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    secrets_map: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
-    valid_namespaces: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    valid_namespaces: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     secrets_from_env: bool = True,
-    additional_import_mappings: Optional[Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]]] = None,
+    additional_import_mappings: Optional[dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]]] = None,
 ) -> Any:
     """Revive a LangChain class from a JSON string.
     Equivalent to `load(json.loads(text))`.
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ def loads(
 def load(
     obj: Any,
     *,
-    secrets_map: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    secrets_map: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
-    valid_namespaces: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    valid_namespaces: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     secrets_from_env: bool = True,
-    additional_import_mappings: Optional[Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]]] = None,
+    additional_import_mappings: Optional[dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]]] = None,
 ) -> Any:
     """Revive a LangChain class from a JSON object. Use this if you already
     have a parsed JSON object, eg. from `json.load` or `orjson.loads`.

libs/core/langchain_core/load/mapping.py

@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@ The mapping allows us to deserialize an AIMessage created with an older
 version of LangChain where the code was in a different location.
 """
 
-from typing import Dict, Tuple
-
 # First value is the value that it is serialized as
 # Second value is the path to load it from
-SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
+SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]] = {
     ("langchain", "schema", "messages", "AIMessage"): (
         "langchain_core",
         "messages",
@@ -535,7 +533,7 @@ SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
 
 # Needed for backwards compatibility for old versions of LangChain where things
 # Were in different place
-_OG_SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
+_OG_SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]] = {
     ("langchain", "schema", "AIMessage"): (
         "langchain_core",
         "messages",
@@ -583,7 +581,7 @@ _OG_SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
 
 # Needed for backwards compatibility for a few versions where we serialized
 # with langchain_core paths.
-OLD_CORE_NAMESPACES_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
+OLD_CORE_NAMESPACES_MAPPING: dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]] = {
     ("langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"): (
         "langchain_core",
         "messages",
@@ -937,7 +935,7 @@ OLD_CORE_NAMESPACES_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
     ),
 }
 
-_JS_SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]] = {
+_JS_SERIALIZABLE_MAPPING: dict[tuple[str, ...], tuple[str, ...]] = {
     ("langchain_core", "messages", "AIMessage"): (
         "langchain_core",
         "messages",

libs/core/langchain_core/load/serializable.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from abc import ABC
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    List,
     Literal,
     Optional,
     TypedDict,
@@ -25,9 +23,9 @@ class BaseSerialized(TypedDict):
     """
 
     lc: int
-    id: List[str]
+    id: list[str]
     name: NotRequired[str]
-    graph: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    graph: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 class SerializedConstructor(BaseSerialized):
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ class SerializedConstructor(BaseSerialized):
     """
 
     type: Literal["constructor"]
-    kwargs: Dict[str, Any]
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any]
 
 
 class SerializedSecret(BaseSerialized):
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ class Serializable(BaseModel, ABC):
         return False
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
 
         For example, if the class is `langchain.llms.openai.OpenAI`, then the
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ class Serializable(BaseModel, ABC):
         return cls.__module__.split(".")
 
     @property
-    def lc_secrets(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def lc_secrets(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         """A map of constructor argument names to secret ids.
 
         For example,
@@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ class Serializable(BaseModel, ABC):
         return dict()
 
     @property
-    def lc_attributes(self) -> Dict:
+    def lc_attributes(self) -> dict:
         """List of attribute names that should be included in the serialized kwargs.
 
         These attributes must be accepted by the constructor.
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ class Serializable(BaseModel, ABC):
         return {}
 
     @classmethod
-    def lc_id(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def lc_id(cls) -> list[str]:
         """A unique identifier for this class for serialization purposes.
 
         The unique identifier is a list of strings that describes the path
@@ -315,8 +313,8 @@ def _is_field_useful(inst: Serializable, key: str, value: Any) -> bool:
 
 
 def _replace_secrets(
-    root: Dict[Any, Any], secrets_map: Dict[str, str]
+    root: dict[Any, Any], secrets_map: dict[str, str]
-) -> Dict[Any, Any]:
+) -> dict[Any, Any]:
     result = root.copy()
     for path, secret_id in secrets_map.items():
         [*parts, last] = path.split(".")
@@ -344,7 +342,7 @@ def to_json_not_implemented(obj: object) -> SerializedNotImplemented:
     Returns:
         SerializedNotImplemented
     """
-    _id: List[str] = []
+    _id: list[str] = []
     try:
         if hasattr(obj, "__name__"):
             _id = [*obj.__module__.split("."), obj.__name__]

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/ai.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import json
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union
 
 from pydantic import model_validator
 from typing_extensions import Self, TypedDict
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ class AIMessage(BaseMessage):
     At the moment, this is ignored by most models. Usage is discouraged.
     """
 
-    tool_calls: List[ToolCall] = []
+    tool_calls: list[ToolCall] = []
     """If provided, tool calls associated with the message."""
-    invalid_tool_calls: List[InvalidToolCall] = []
+    invalid_tool_calls: list[InvalidToolCall] = []
     """If provided, tool calls with parsing errors associated with the message."""
     usage_metadata: Optional[UsageMetadata] = None
     """If provided, usage metadata for a message, such as token counts.
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class AIMessage(BaseMessage):
     """The type of the message (used for deserialization). Defaults to "ai"."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, content: Union[str, List[Union[str, Dict]]], **kwargs: Any
+        self, content: Union[str, list[Union[str, dict]]], **kwargs: Any
     ) -> None:
         """Pass in content as positional arg.
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class AIMessage(BaseMessage):
         super().__init__(content=content, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
 
         Returns:
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class AIMessage(BaseMessage):
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
 
     @property
-    def lc_attributes(self) -> Dict:
+    def lc_attributes(self) -> dict:
         """Attrs to be serialized even if they are derived from other init args."""
         return {
             "tool_calls": self.tool_calls,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class AIMessage(BaseMessage):
 
         # Ensure "type" is properly set on all tool call-like dicts.
         if tool_calls := values.get("tool_calls"):
-            updated: List = []
+            updated: list = []
             for tc in tool_calls:
                 updated.append(
                     create_tool_call(**{k: v for k, v in tc.items() if k != "type"})
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class AIMessage(BaseMessage):
         base = super().pretty_repr(html=html)
         lines = []
 
-        def _format_tool_args(tc: Union[ToolCall, InvalidToolCall]) -> List[str]:
+        def _format_tool_args(tc: Union[ToolCall, InvalidToolCall]) -> list[str]:
             lines = [
                 f"  {tc.get('name', 'Tool')} ({tc.get('id')})",
                 f" Call ID: {tc.get('id')}",
@@ -218,11 +218,11 @@ class AIMessageChunk(AIMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
     """The type of the message (used for deserialization). 
     Defaults to "AIMessageChunk"."""
 
-    tool_call_chunks: List[ToolCallChunk] = []
+    tool_call_chunks: list[ToolCallChunk] = []
     """If provided, tool call chunks associated with the message."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
 
         Returns:
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ class AIMessageChunk(AIMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
 
     @property
-    def lc_attributes(self) -> Dict:
+    def lc_attributes(self) -> dict:
         """Attrs to be serialized even if they are derived from other init args."""
         return {
             "tool_calls": self.tool_calls,

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/base.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Optional, Sequence, Union, cast
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union, cast
 
 from pydantic import ConfigDict, Field, field_validator
 
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ def merge_content(
                 merged = [merged] + content  # type: ignore
         elif isinstance(content, list):
             # If both are lists
-            merged = merge_lists(cast(List, merged), content)  # type: ignore
+            merged = merge_lists(cast(list, merged), content)  # type: ignore
         # If the first content is a list, and the second content is a string
         else:
             # If the last element of the first content is a string

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/chat.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, List, Literal
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from langchain_core.messages.base import (
     BaseMessage,
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ChatMessage(BaseMessage):
     """The type of the message (used during serialization). Defaults to "chat"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"].
         """
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class ChatMessageChunk(ChatMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
     Defaults to "ChatMessageChunk"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"].
         """

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/function.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, List, Literal
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from langchain_core.messages.base import (
     BaseMessage,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class FunctionMessage(BaseMessage):
     """The type of the message (used for serialization). Defaults to "function"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class FunctionMessageChunk(FunctionMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
     Defaults to "FunctionMessageChunk"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/human.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
 
 from langchain_core.messages.base import BaseMessage, BaseMessageChunk
 
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ class HumanMessage(BaseMessage):
     """The type of the message (used for serialization). Defaults to "human"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, content: Union[str, List[Union[str, Dict]]], **kwargs: Any
+        self, content: Union[str, list[Union[str, dict]]], **kwargs: Any
     ) -> None:
         """Pass in content as positional arg.
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class HumanMessageChunk(HumanMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
     Defaults to "HumanMessageChunk"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/modifier.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, List, Literal
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from langchain_core.messages.base import BaseMessage
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class RemoveMessage(BaseMessage):
         return super().__init__("", id=id, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/system.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
 
 from langchain_core.messages.base import BaseMessage, BaseMessageChunk
 
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ class SystemMessage(BaseMessage):
     """The type of the message (used for serialization). Defaults to "system"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, content: Union[str, List[Union[str, Dict]]], **kwargs: Any
+        self, content: Union[str, list[Union[str, dict]]], **kwargs: Any
     ) -> None:
         """Pass in content as positional arg.
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class SystemMessageChunk(SystemMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
     Defaults to "SystemMessageChunk"."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/tool.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import json
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from pydantic import Field, model_validator
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class ToolMessage(BaseMessage):
     """Currently inherited from BaseMessage, but not used."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
         Default is ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class ToolMessage(BaseMessage):
         return values
 
     def __init__(
-        self, content: Union[str, List[Union[str, Dict]]], **kwargs: Any
+        self, content: Union[str, list[Union[str, dict]]], **kwargs: Any
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(content=content, **kwargs)
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class ToolMessageChunk(ToolMessage, BaseMessageChunk):
     type: Literal["ToolMessageChunk"] = "ToolMessageChunk"  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "messages"]
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class ToolCall(TypedDict):
 
     name: str
     """The name of the tool to be called."""
-    args: Dict[str, Any]
+    args: dict[str, Any]
     """The arguments to the tool call."""
     id: Optional[str]
     """An identifier associated with the tool call.
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class ToolCall(TypedDict):
     type: NotRequired[Literal["tool_call"]]
 
 
-def tool_call(*, name: str, args: Dict[str, Any], id: Optional[str]) -> ToolCall:
+def tool_call(*, name: str, args: dict[str, Any], id: Optional[str]) -> ToolCall:
     return ToolCall(name=name, args=args, id=id, type="tool_call")
 
 
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ def invalid_tool_call(
 
 
 def default_tool_parser(
-    raw_tool_calls: List[dict],
+    raw_tool_calls: list[dict],
-) -> Tuple[List[ToolCall], List[InvalidToolCall]]:
+) -> tuple[list[ToolCall], list[InvalidToolCall]]:
     """Best-effort parsing of tools."""
     tool_calls = []
     invalid_tool_calls = []
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ def default_tool_parser(
     return tool_calls, invalid_tool_calls
 
 
-def default_tool_chunk_parser(raw_tool_calls: List[dict]) -> List[ToolCallChunk]:
+def default_tool_chunk_parser(raw_tool_calls: list[dict]) -> list[ToolCallChunk]:
     """Best-effort parsing of tool chunks."""
     tool_call_chunks = []
     for tool_call in raw_tool_calls:

libs/core/langchain_core/messages/utils.py

@@ -11,25 +11,21 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
 import json
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from functools import partial
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Annotated,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
     Union,
     cast,
     overload,
 )
 
 from pydantic import Discriminator, Field, Tag
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core.messages.ai import AIMessage, AIMessageChunk
 from langchain_core.messages.base import BaseMessage, BaseMessageChunk
@@ -198,7 +194,7 @@ def message_chunk_to_message(chunk: BaseMessageChunk) -> BaseMessage:
 
 
 MessageLikeRepresentation = Union[
-    BaseMessage, List[str], Tuple[str, str], str, Dict[str, Any]
+    BaseMessage, list[str], tuple[str, str], str, dict[str, Any]
 ]
 
 

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/json.py

@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 from json import JSONDecodeError
-from typing import Any, Optional, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
 import jsonpatch  # type: ignore[import]
 import pydantic
 from pydantic import SkipValidation
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core.exceptions import OutputParserException
 from langchain_core.output_parsers.format_instructions import JSON_FORMAT_INSTRUCTIONS

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/list.py

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import re
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from collections import deque
-from typing import AsyncIterator, Iterator, List, TypeVar, Union
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator
 from typing import Optional as Optional
+from typing import TypeVar, Union
 
 from langchain_core.messages import BaseMessage
 from langchain_core.output_parsers.transform import BaseTransformOutputParser
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def droplastn(iter: Iterator[T], n: int) -> Iterator[T]:
             yield buffer.popleft()
 
 
-class ListOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser[List[str]]):
+class ListOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser[list[str]]):
     """Parse the output of an LLM call to a list."""
 
     @property

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/openai_functions.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import copy
 import json
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Type, Union
+from types import GenericAlias
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 import jsonpatch  # type: ignore[import]
 from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ class OutputFunctionsParser(BaseGenerationOutputParser[Any]):
     args_only: bool = True
     """Whether to only return the arguments to the function call."""
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a JSON object.
 
         Args:
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ class JsonOutputFunctionsParser(BaseCumulativeTransformOutputParser[Any]):
     def _diff(self, prev: Optional[Any], next: Any) -> Any:
         return jsonpatch.make_patch(prev, next).patch
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a JSON object.
 
         Args:
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ class JsonKeyOutputFunctionsParser(JsonOutputFunctionsParser):
     key_name: str
     """The name of the key to return."""
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a JSON object.
 
         Args:
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ class PydanticOutputFunctionsParser(OutputFunctionsParser):
             result = parser.parse_result([chat_generation])
     """
 
-    pydantic_schema: Union[Type[BaseModel], Dict[str, Type[BaseModel]]]
+    pydantic_schema: Union[type[BaseModel], dict[str, type[BaseModel]]]
     """The pydantic schema to parse the output with.
     
     If multiple schemas are provided, then the function name will be used to
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ class PydanticOutputFunctionsParser(OutputFunctionsParser):
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod
-    def validate_schema(cls, values: Dict) -> Any:
+    def validate_schema(cls, values: dict) -> Any:
         """Validate the pydantic schema.
 
         Args:
@@ -246,17 +247,19 @@ class PydanticOutputFunctionsParser(OutputFunctionsParser):
         """
         schema = values["pydantic_schema"]
         if "args_only" not in values:
-            values["args_only"] = isinstance(schema, type) and issubclass(
+            values["args_only"] = (
-                schema, BaseModel
+                isinstance(schema, type)
+                and not isinstance(schema, GenericAlias)
+                and issubclass(schema, BaseModel)
             )
-        elif values["args_only"] and isinstance(schema, Dict):
+        elif values["args_only"] and isinstance(schema, dict):
             raise ValueError(
                 "If multiple pydantic schemas are provided then args_only should be"
                 " False."
             )
         return values
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a JSON object.
 
         Args:
@@ -292,7 +295,7 @@ class PydanticAttrOutputFunctionsParser(PydanticOutputFunctionsParser):
     attr_name: str
     """The name of the attribute to return."""
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a JSON object.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/openai_tools.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import copy
 import json
 from json import JSONDecodeError
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional
 
 from pydantic import SkipValidation, ValidationError
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core.exceptions import OutputParserException
 from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, InvalidToolCall
@@ -17,12 +16,12 @@ from langchain_core.utils.pydantic import TypeBaseModel
 
 
 def parse_tool_call(
-    raw_tool_call: Dict[str, Any],
+    raw_tool_call: dict[str, Any],
     *,
     partial: bool = False,
     strict: bool = False,
     return_id: bool = True,
-) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+) -> Optional[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Parse a single tool call.
 
     Args:
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ def parse_tool_call(
 
 
 def make_invalid_tool_call(
-    raw_tool_call: Dict[str, Any],
+    raw_tool_call: dict[str, Any],
     error_msg: Optional[str],
 ) -> InvalidToolCall:
     """Create an InvalidToolCall from a raw tool call.
@@ -90,12 +89,12 @@ def make_invalid_tool_call(
 
 
 def parse_tool_calls(
-    raw_tool_calls: List[dict],
+    raw_tool_calls: list[dict],
     *,
     partial: bool = False,
     strict: bool = False,
     return_id: bool = True,
-) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Parse a list of tool calls.
 
     Args:
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ def parse_tool_calls(
     Raises:
         OutputParserException: If any of the tool calls are not valid JSON.
     """
-    final_tools: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    final_tools: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     exceptions = []
     for tool_call in raw_tool_calls:
         try:
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ class JsonOutputToolsParser(BaseCumulativeTransformOutputParser[Any]):
     If no tool calls are found, None will be returned. 
     """
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a list of tool calls.
 
         Args:
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ class JsonOutputKeyToolsParser(JsonOutputToolsParser):
     key_name: str
     """The type of tools to return."""
 
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a list of tool calls.
 
         Args:
@@ -254,12 +253,12 @@ class JsonOutputKeyToolsParser(JsonOutputToolsParser):
 class PydanticToolsParser(JsonOutputToolsParser):
     """Parse tools from OpenAI response."""
 
-    tools: Annotated[List[TypeBaseModel], SkipValidation()]
+    tools: Annotated[list[TypeBaseModel], SkipValidation()]
     """The tools to parse."""
 
     # TODO: Support more granular streaming of objects. Currently only streams once all
     # Pydantic object fields are present.
-    def parse_result(self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
+    def parse_result(self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False) -> Any:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a list of Pydantic objects.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/pydantic.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import json
-from typing import Generic, List, Optional, Type
+from typing import Annotated, Generic, Optional
 
 import pydantic
 from pydantic import SkipValidation
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core.exceptions import OutputParserException
 from langchain_core.output_parsers import JsonOutputParser
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ from langchain_core.utils.pydantic import (
 class PydanticOutputParser(JsonOutputParser, Generic[TBaseModel]):
     """Parse an output using a pydantic model."""
 
-    pydantic_object: Annotated[Type[TBaseModel], SkipValidation()]  # type: ignore
+    pydantic_object: Annotated[type[TBaseModel], SkipValidation()]  # type: ignore
     """The pydantic model to parse."""
 
     def _parse_obj(self, obj: dict) -> TBaseModel:
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ class PydanticOutputParser(JsonOutputParser, Generic[TBaseModel]):
         return OutputParserException(msg, llm_output=json_string)
 
     def parse_result(
-        self, result: List[Generation], *, partial: bool = False
+        self, result: list[Generation], *, partial: bool = False
     ) -> Optional[TBaseModel]:
         """Parse the result of an LLM call to a pydantic object.
 
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ class PydanticOutputParser(JsonOutputParser, Generic[TBaseModel]):
         return "pydantic"
 
     @property
-    def OutputType(self) -> Type[TBaseModel]:
+    def OutputType(self) -> type[TBaseModel]:
         """Return the pydantic model."""
         return self.pydantic_object
 

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/string.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from typing import List
 from typing import Optional as Optional
 
 from langchain_core.output_parsers.transform import BaseTransformOutputParser
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ class StrOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser[str]):
         return True
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "output_parser"]
 

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/transform.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Iterator,
     Optional,
     Union,
 )

libs/core/langchain_core/output_parsers/xml.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import re
 import xml
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
-from typing import Any, AsyncIterator, Dict, Iterator, List, Literal, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union
 from xml.etree.ElementTree import TreeBuilder
 
 from langchain_core.exceptions import OutputParserException
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class _StreamingParser:
             _parser = None
         self.pull_parser = ET.XMLPullParser(["start", "end"], _parser=_parser)
         self.xml_start_re = re.compile(r"<[a-zA-Z:_]")
-        self.current_path: List[str] = []
+        self.current_path: list[str] = []
         self.current_path_has_children = False
         self.buffer = ""
         self.xml_started = False
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class _StreamingParser:
 class XMLOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser):
     """Parse an output using xml format."""
 
-    tags: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    tags: Optional[list[str]] = None
     encoding_matcher: re.Pattern = re.compile(
         r"<([^>]*encoding[^>]*)>\n(.*)", re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
     )
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ class XMLOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser):
         """Return the format instructions for the XML output."""
         return XML_FORMAT_INSTRUCTIONS.format(tags=self.tags)
 
-    def parse(self, text: str) -> Dict[str, Union[str, List[Any]]]:
+    def parse(self, text: str) -> dict[str, Union[str, list[Any]]]:
         """Parse the output of an LLM call.
 
         Args:
@@ -234,13 +235,13 @@ class XMLOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser):
                 yield output
         streaming_parser.close()
 
-    def _root_to_dict(self, root: ET.Element) -> Dict[str, Union[str, List[Any]]]:
+    def _root_to_dict(self, root: ET.Element) -> dict[str, Union[str, list[Any]]]:
         """Converts xml tree to python dictionary."""
         if root.text and bool(re.search(r"\S", root.text)):
             # If root text contains any non-whitespace character it
             # returns {root.tag: root.text}
             return {root.tag: root.text}
-        result: Dict = {root.tag: []}
+        result: dict = {root.tag: []}
         for child in root:
             if len(child) == 0:
                 result[root.tag].append({child.tag: child.text})
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ class XMLOutputParser(BaseTransformOutputParser):
         return "xml"
 
 
-def nested_element(path: List[str], elem: ET.Element) -> Any:
+def nested_element(path: list[str], elem: ET.Element) -> Any:
     """Get nested element from path.
 
     Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/outputs/chat_result.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ChatResult(BaseModel):
     for more information.
     """
 
-    generations: List[ChatGeneration]
+    generations: list[ChatGeneration]
     """List of the chat generations.
     
     Generations is a list to allow for multiple candidate generations for a single

libs/core/langchain_core/prompt_values.py

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ They can be used to represent text, images, or chat message pieces.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Literal, Sequence, cast
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Literal, cast
 
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/base.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
+import typing
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from functools import cached_property
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ FormatOutputType = TypeVar("FormatOutputType")
 
 
 class BasePromptTemplate(
-    RunnableSerializable[Dict, PromptValue], Generic[FormatOutputType], ABC
+    RunnableSerializable[dict, PromptValue], Generic[FormatOutputType], ABC
 ):
     """Base class for all prompt templates, returning a prompt."""
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class BasePromptTemplate(
     """optional_variables: A list of the names of the variables for placeholder
        or MessagePlaceholder that are optional. These variables are auto inferred 
        from the prompt and user need not provide them."""
-    input_types: Dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict, exclude=True)  # noqa: UP006
+    input_types: typing.Dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict, exclude=True)  # noqa: UP006
     """A dictionary of the types of the variables the prompt template expects.
     If not provided, all variables are assumed to be strings."""
     output_parser: Optional[BaseOutputParser] = None
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class BasePromptTemplate(
     
     Partial variables populate the template so that you don't need to
     pass them in every time you call the prompt."""
-    metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None  # noqa: UP006
+    metadata: Optional[typing.Dict[str, Any]] = None  # noqa: UP006
     """Metadata to be used for tracing."""
     tags: Optional[list[str]] = None
     """Tags to be used for tracing."""

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/chat.py

@@ -3,15 +3,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
+    Annotated,
     Any,
-    List,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypedDict,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
@@ -25,7 +23,6 @@ from pydantic import (
     SkipValidation,
     model_validator,
 )
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core._api import deprecated
 from langchain_core.load import Serializable
@@ -816,9 +813,9 @@ MessageLike = Union[BaseMessagePromptTemplate, BaseMessage, BaseChatPromptTempla
 
 MessageLikeRepresentation = Union[
     MessageLike,
-    Tuple[
+    tuple[
-        Union[str, Type],
+        Union[str, type],
-        Union[str, List[dict], List[object]],
+        Union[str, list[dict], list[object]],
     ],
     str,
 ]
@@ -1017,7 +1014,7 @@ class ChatPromptTemplate(BaseChatPromptTemplate):
             ),
             **kwargs,
         }
-        cast(Type[ChatPromptTemplate], super()).__init__(messages=_messages, **kwargs)
+        cast(type[ChatPromptTemplate], super()).__init__(messages=_messages, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
@@ -1083,7 +1080,7 @@ class ChatPromptTemplate(BaseChatPromptTemplate):
                     values["partial_variables"][message.variable_name] = []
                     optional_variables.add(message.variable_name)
                 if message.variable_name not in input_types:
-                    input_types[message.variable_name] = List[AnyMessage]
+                    input_types[message.variable_name] = list[AnyMessage]
         if "partial_variables" in values:
             input_vars = input_vars - set(values["partial_variables"])
         if optional_variables:

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/few_shot_with_templates.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Prompt template that contains few shot examples."""
 
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 from pydantic import ConfigDict, model_validator
 from typing_extensions import Self
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from langchain_core.prompts.string import (
 class FewShotPromptWithTemplates(StringPromptTemplate):
     """Prompt template that contains few shot examples."""
 
-    examples: Optional[List[dict]] = None
+    examples: Optional[list[dict]] = None
     """Examples to format into the prompt.
     Either this or example_selector should be provided."""
 
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ class FewShotPromptWithTemplates(StringPromptTemplate):
     """Whether or not to try validating the template."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "prompts", "few_shot_with_templates"]
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod
-    def check_examples_and_selector(cls, values: Dict) -> Any:
+    def check_examples_and_selector(cls, values: dict) -> Any:
         """Check that one and only one of examples/example_selector are provided."""
         examples = values.get("examples", None)
         example_selector = values.get("example_selector", None)
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class FewShotPromptWithTemplates(StringPromptTemplate):
         extra="forbid",
     )
 
-    def _get_examples(self, **kwargs: Any) -> List[dict]:
+    def _get_examples(self, **kwargs: Any) -> list[dict]:
         if self.examples is not None:
             return self.examples
         elif self.example_selector is not None:
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class FewShotPromptWithTemplates(StringPromptTemplate):
         else:
             raise ValueError
 
-    async def _aget_examples(self, **kwargs: Any) -> List[dict]:
+    async def _aget_examples(self, **kwargs: Any) -> list[dict]:
         if self.examples is not None:
             return self.examples
         elif self.example_selector is not None:

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/image.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, List
+from typing import Any
 
 from pydantic import Field
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ImagePromptTemplate(BasePromptTemplate[ImageURL]):
         return "image-prompt"
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "prompts", "image"]
 

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/loading.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import Callable, Optional, Union
 
 import yaml
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def _load_prompt_from_file(
     return load_prompt_from_config(config)
 
 
-def _load_chat_prompt(config: Dict) -> ChatPromptTemplate:
+def _load_chat_prompt(config: dict) -> ChatPromptTemplate:
     """Load chat prompt from config"""
 
     messages = config.pop("messages")
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def _load_chat_prompt(config: Dict) -> ChatPromptTemplate:
     return ChatPromptTemplate.from_template(template=template, **config)
 
 
-type_to_loader_dict: Dict[str, Callable[[dict], BasePromptTemplate]] = {
+type_to_loader_dict: dict[str, Callable[[dict], BasePromptTemplate]] = {
     "prompt": _load_prompt,
     "few_shot": _load_few_shot_prompt,
     "chat": _load_chat_prompt,

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/pipeline.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Any
 from typing import Optional as Optional
 
 from pydantic import model_validator
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from langchain_core.prompts.base import BasePromptTemplate
 from langchain_core.prompts.chat import BaseChatPromptTemplate
 
 
-def _get_inputs(inputs: dict, input_variables: List[str]) -> dict:
+def _get_inputs(inputs: dict, input_variables: list[str]) -> dict:
     return {k: inputs[k] for k in input_variables}
 
 
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ class PipelinePromptTemplate(BasePromptTemplate):
 
     final_prompt: BasePromptTemplate
     """The final prompt that is returned."""
-    pipeline_prompts: List[Tuple[str, BasePromptTemplate]]
+    pipeline_prompts: list[tuple[str, BasePromptTemplate]]
     """A list of tuples, consisting of a string (`name`) and a Prompt Template."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "prompts", "pipeline"]
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod
-    def get_input_variables(cls, values: Dict) -> Any:
+    def get_input_variables(cls, values: dict) -> Any:
         """Get input variables."""
         created_variables = set()
         all_variables = set()

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/string.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import warnings
 from abc import ABC
 from string import Formatter
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def mustache_template_vars(
     return vars
 
 
-Defs = Dict[str, "Defs"]
+Defs = dict[str, "Defs"]
 
 
 def mustache_schema(

libs/core/langchain_core/prompts/structured.py

@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
 from typing import (
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Type,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -32,16 +27,16 @@ from langchain_core.utils import get_pydantic_field_names
 class StructuredPrompt(ChatPromptTemplate):
     """Structured prompt template for a language model."""
 
-    schema_: Union[Dict, Type[BaseModel]]
+    schema_: Union[dict, type[BaseModel]]
     """Schema for the structured prompt."""
-    structured_output_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    structured_output_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         messages: Sequence[MessageLikeRepresentation],
-        schema_: Optional[Union[Dict, Type[BaseModel]]] = None,
+        schema_: Optional[Union[dict, type[BaseModel]]] = None,
         *,
-        structured_output_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        structured_output_kwargs: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         schema_ = schema_ or kwargs.pop("schema")
@@ -56,7 +51,7 @@ class StructuredPrompt(ChatPromptTemplate):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object.
 
         For example, if the class is `langchain.llms.openai.OpenAI`, then the
@@ -68,7 +63,7 @@ class StructuredPrompt(ChatPromptTemplate):
     def from_messages_and_schema(
         cls,
         messages: Sequence[MessageLikeRepresentation],
-        schema: Union[Dict, Type[BaseModel]],
+        schema: Union[dict, type[BaseModel]],
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ChatPromptTemplate:
         """Create a chat prompt template from a variety of message formats.
@@ -118,7 +113,7 @@ class StructuredPrompt(ChatPromptTemplate):
             Callable[[Iterator[Any]], Iterator[Other]],
             Mapping[str, Union[Runnable[Any, Other], Callable[[Any], Other], Any]],
         ],
-    ) -> RunnableSerializable[Dict, Other]:
+    ) -> RunnableSerializable[dict, Other]:
         return self.pipe(other)
 
     def pipe(
@@ -130,7 +125,7 @@ class StructuredPrompt(ChatPromptTemplate):
             Mapping[str, Union[Runnable[Any, Other], Callable[[Any], Other], Any]],
         ],
         name: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> RunnableSerializable[Dict, Other]:
+    ) -> RunnableSerializable[dict, Other]:
         """Pipe the structured prompt to a language model.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/retrievers.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import warnings
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from inspect import signature
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
 from pydantic import ConfigDict
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     )
 
 RetrieverInput = str
-RetrieverOutput = List[Document]
+RetrieverOutput = list[Document]
 RetrieverLike = Runnable[RetrieverInput, RetrieverOutput]
 RetrieverOutputLike = Runnable[Any, RetrieverOutput]
 

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/base.py

@@ -6,36 +6,37 @@ import functools
 import inspect
 import threading
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
 from concurrent.futures import FIRST_COMPLETED, wait
 from contextvars import copy_context
 from functools import wraps
 from itertools import groupby, tee
 from operator import itemgetter
+from types import GenericAlias
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncGenerator,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    Coroutine,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
     Protocol,
-    Sequence,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
+    get_type_hints,
     overload,
 )
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, RootModel
-from typing_extensions import Literal, get_args, get_type_hints
+from typing_extensions import Literal, get_args
 
 from langchain_core._api import beta_decorator
 from langchain_core.load.serializable import (
@@ -340,7 +341,11 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
         """
         root_type = self.InputType
 
-        if inspect.isclass(root_type) and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel):
+        if (
+            inspect.isclass(root_type)
+            and not isinstance(root_type, GenericAlias)
+            and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel)
+        ):
             return root_type
 
         return create_model_v2(
@@ -408,7 +413,11 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
         """
         root_type = self.OutputType
 
-        if inspect.isclass(root_type) and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel):
+        if (
+            inspect.isclass(root_type)
+            and not isinstance(root_type, GenericAlias)
+            and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel)
+        ):
             return root_type
 
         return create_model_v2(
@@ -771,10 +780,10 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
 
         # If there's only one input, don't bother with the executor
         if len(inputs) == 1:
-            return cast(List[Output], [invoke(inputs[0], configs[0])])
+            return cast(list[Output], [invoke(inputs[0], configs[0])])
 
         with get_executor_for_config(configs[0]) as executor:
-            return cast(List[Output], list(executor.map(invoke, inputs, configs)))
+            return cast(list[Output], list(executor.map(invoke, inputs, configs)))
 
     @overload
     def batch_as_completed(
@@ -2024,7 +2033,7 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
             for run_manager in run_managers:
                 run_manager.on_chain_error(e)
             if return_exceptions:
-                return cast(List[Output], [e for _ in input])
+                return cast(list[Output], [e for _ in input])
             else:
                 raise
         else:
@@ -2036,7 +2045,7 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
                 else:
                     run_manager.on_chain_end(out)
             if return_exceptions or first_exception is None:
-                return cast(List[Output], output)
+                return cast(list[Output], output)
             else:
                 raise first_exception
 
@@ -2099,7 +2108,7 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
                 *(run_manager.on_chain_error(e) for run_manager in run_managers)
             )
             if return_exceptions:
-                return cast(List[Output], [e for _ in input])
+                return cast(list[Output], [e for _ in input])
             else:
                 raise
         else:
@@ -2113,7 +2122,7 @@ class Runnable(Generic[Input, Output], ABC):
                     coros.append(run_manager.on_chain_end(out))
             await asyncio.gather(*coros)
             if return_exceptions or first_exception is None:
-                return cast(List[Output], output)
+                return cast(list[Output], output)
             else:
                 raise first_exception
 
@@ -3171,7 +3180,7 @@ class RunnableSequence(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
             for rm in run_managers:
                 rm.on_chain_error(e)
             if return_exceptions:
-                return cast(List[Output], [e for _ in inputs])
+                return cast(list[Output], [e for _ in inputs])
             else:
                 raise
         else:
@@ -3183,7 +3192,7 @@ class RunnableSequence(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
                 else:
                     run_manager.on_chain_end(out)
             if return_exceptions or first_exception is None:
-                return cast(List[Output], inputs)
+                return cast(list[Output], inputs)
             else:
                 raise first_exception
 
@@ -3298,7 +3307,7 @@ class RunnableSequence(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
         except BaseException as e:
             await asyncio.gather(*(rm.on_chain_error(e) for rm in run_managers))
             if return_exceptions:
-                return cast(List[Output], [e for _ in inputs])
+                return cast(list[Output], [e for _ in inputs])
             else:
                 raise
         else:
@@ -3312,7 +3321,7 @@ class RunnableSequence(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
                     coros.append(run_manager.on_chain_end(out))
             await asyncio.gather(*coros)
             if return_exceptions or first_exception is None:
-                return cast(List[Output], inputs)
+                return cast(list[Output], inputs)
             else:
                 raise first_exception
 
@@ -3420,7 +3429,7 @@ class RunnableSequence(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
             yield chunk
 
 
-class RunnableParallel(RunnableSerializable[Input, Dict[str, Any]]):
+class RunnableParallel(RunnableSerializable[Input, dict[str, Any]]):
     """Runnable that runs a mapping of Runnables in parallel, and returns a mapping
     of their outputs.
 
@@ -4071,7 +4080,11 @@ class RunnableGenerator(Runnable[Input, Output]):
         func = getattr(self, "_transform", None) or self._atransform
         module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
 
-        if inspect.isclass(root_type) and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel):
+        if (
+            inspect.isclass(root_type)
+            and not isinstance(root_type, GenericAlias)
+            and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel)
+        ):
             return root_type
 
         return create_model_v2(
@@ -4106,7 +4119,11 @@ class RunnableGenerator(Runnable[Input, Output]):
         func = getattr(self, "_transform", None) or self._atransform
         module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
 
-        if inspect.isclass(root_type) and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel):
+        if (
+            inspect.isclass(root_type)
+            and not isinstance(root_type, GenericAlias)
+            and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel)
+        ):
             return root_type
 
         return create_model_v2(
@@ -4369,7 +4386,7 @@ class RunnableLambda(Runnable[Input, Output]):
                 module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
                 return create_model_v2(
                     self.get_name("Input"),
-                    root=List[Any],
+                    root=list[Any],
                     # To create the schema, we need to provide the module
                     # where the underlying function is defined.
                     # This allows pydantic to resolve type annotations appropriately.
@@ -4420,7 +4437,11 @@ class RunnableLambda(Runnable[Input, Output]):
         func = getattr(self, "func", None) or self.afunc
         module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
 
-        if inspect.isclass(root_type) and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel):
+        if (
+            inspect.isclass(root_type)
+            and not isinstance(root_type, GenericAlias)
+            and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel)
+        ):
             return root_type
 
         return create_model_v2(
@@ -4921,7 +4942,7 @@ class RunnableLambda(Runnable[Input, Output]):
             yield chunk
 
 
-class RunnableEachBase(RunnableSerializable[List[Input], List[Output]]):
+class RunnableEachBase(RunnableSerializable[list[Input], list[Output]]):
     """Runnable that delegates calls to another Runnable
     with each element of the input sequence.
 
@@ -4938,7 +4959,7 @@ class RunnableEachBase(RunnableSerializable[List[Input], List[Output]]):
 
     @property
     def InputType(self) -> Any:
-        return List[self.bound.InputType]  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        return list[self.bound.InputType]  # type: ignore[name-defined]
 
     def get_input_schema(
         self, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None
@@ -4946,7 +4967,7 @@ class RunnableEachBase(RunnableSerializable[List[Input], List[Output]]):
         return create_model_v2(
             self.get_name("Input"),
             root=(
-                List[self.bound.get_input_schema(config)],  # type: ignore
+                list[self.bound.get_input_schema(config)],  # type: ignore
                 None,
             ),
             # create model needs access to appropriate type annotations to be
@@ -4961,7 +4982,7 @@ class RunnableEachBase(RunnableSerializable[List[Input], List[Output]]):
 
     @property
     def OutputType(self) -> type[list[Output]]:
-        return List[self.bound.OutputType]  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        return list[self.bound.OutputType]  # type: ignore[name-defined]
 
     def get_output_schema(
         self, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None
@@ -4969,7 +4990,7 @@ class RunnableEachBase(RunnableSerializable[List[Input], List[Output]]):
         schema = self.bound.get_output_schema(config)
         return create_model_v2(
             self.get_name("Output"),
-            root=List[schema],  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+            root=list[schema],  # type: ignore[valid-type]
             # create model needs access to appropriate type annotations to be
             # able to construct the pydantic model.
             # When we create the model, we pass information about the namespace
@@ -5255,7 +5276,7 @@ class RunnableBindingBase(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     @property
     def InputType(self) -> type[Input]:
         return (
-            cast(Type[Input], self.custom_input_type)
+            cast(type[Input], self.custom_input_type)
             if self.custom_input_type is not None
             else self.bound.InputType
         )
@@ -5263,7 +5284,7 @@ class RunnableBindingBase(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     @property
     def OutputType(self) -> type[Output]:
         return (
-            cast(Type[Output], self.custom_output_type)
+            cast(type[Output], self.custom_output_type)
             if self.custom_output_type is not None
             else self.bound.OutputType
         )
@@ -5336,7 +5357,7 @@ class RunnableBindingBase(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     ) -> list[Output]:
         if isinstance(config, list):
             configs = cast(
-                List[RunnableConfig],
+                list[RunnableConfig],
                 [self._merge_configs(conf) for conf in config],
             )
         else:
@@ -5358,7 +5379,7 @@ class RunnableBindingBase(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     ) -> list[Output]:
         if isinstance(config, list):
             configs = cast(
-                List[RunnableConfig],
+                list[RunnableConfig],
                 [self._merge_configs(conf) for conf in config],
             )
         else:
@@ -5400,7 +5421,7 @@ class RunnableBindingBase(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     ) -> Iterator[tuple[int, Union[Output, Exception]]]:
         if isinstance(config, Sequence):
             configs = cast(
-                List[RunnableConfig],
+                list[RunnableConfig],
                 [self._merge_configs(conf) for conf in config],
             )
         else:
@@ -5451,7 +5472,7 @@ class RunnableBindingBase(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[int, Union[Output, Exception]]]:
         if isinstance(config, Sequence):
             configs = cast(
-                List[RunnableConfig],
+                list[RunnableConfig],
                 [self._merge_configs(conf) for conf in config],
             )
         else:

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/branch.py

@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
@@ -69,13 +62,13 @@ class RunnableBranch(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
             branch.invoke(None) # "goodbye"
     """
 
-    branches: Sequence[Tuple[Runnable[Input, bool], Runnable[Input, Output]]]
+    branches: Sequence[tuple[Runnable[Input, bool], Runnable[Input, Output]]]
     default: Runnable[Input, Output]
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         *branches: Union[
-            Tuple[
+            tuple[
                 Union[
                     Runnable[Input, bool],
                     Callable[[Input], bool],
@@ -149,13 +142,13 @@ class RunnableBranch(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
         return True
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "runnable"]
 
     def get_input_schema(
         self, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None
-    ) -> Type[BaseModel]:
+    ) -> type[BaseModel]:
         runnables = (
             [self.default]
             + [r for _, r in self.branches]
@@ -172,7 +165,7 @@ class RunnableBranch(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
         return super().get_input_schema(config)
 
     @property
-    def config_specs(self) -> List[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
+    def config_specs(self) -> list[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
         from langchain_core.beta.runnables.context import (
             CONTEXT_CONFIG_PREFIX,
             CONTEXT_CONFIG_SUFFIX_SET,

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/config.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import uuid
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
 from concurrent.futures import Executor, Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from contextvars import ContextVar, copy_context
@@ -10,14 +11,8 @@ from functools import partial
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    Generator,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -43,7 +38,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 else:
     # Pydantic validates through typed dicts, but
     # the callbacks need forward refs updated
-    Callbacks = Optional[Union[List, Any]]
+    Callbacks = Optional[Union[list, Any]]
 
 
 class EmptyDict(TypedDict, total=False):

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/configurable.py

@@ -3,20 +3,16 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import enum
 import threading
 from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping as Mapping
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
     Callable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Type,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
-from typing import Mapping as Mapping
 from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
@@ -176,10 +172,10 @@ class DynamicRunnable(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
 
         # If there's only one input, don't bother with the executor
         if len(inputs) == 1:
-            return cast(List[Output], [invoke(prepared[0], inputs[0])])
+            return cast(list[Output], [invoke(prepared[0], inputs[0])])
 
         with get_executor_for_config(configs[0]) as executor:
-            return cast(List[Output], list(executor.map(invoke, prepared, inputs)))
+            return cast(list[Output], list(executor.map(invoke, prepared, inputs)))
 
     async def abatch(
         self,
@@ -562,7 +558,7 @@ class RunnableConfigurableAlternatives(DynamicRunnable[Input, Output]):
                         for v in list(self.alternatives.keys()) + [self.default_key]
                     ),
                 )
-                _enums_for_spec[self.which] = cast(Type[StrEnum], which_enum)
+                _enums_for_spec[self.which] = cast(type[StrEnum], which_enum)
         return get_unique_config_specs(
             # which alternative
             [
@@ -694,7 +690,7 @@ def make_options_spec(
                 spec.name or spec.id,
                 ((v, v) for v in list(spec.options.keys())),
             )
-            _enums_for_spec[spec] = cast(Type[StrEnum], enum)
+            _enums_for_spec[spec] = cast(type[StrEnum], enum)
     if isinstance(spec, ConfigurableFieldSingleOption):
         return ConfigurableFieldSpec(
             id=spec.id,

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/fallbacks.py

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 import asyncio
 import inspect
 import typing
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
 from contextvars import copy_context
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
@@ -96,7 +90,7 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     """The Runnable to run first."""
     fallbacks: Sequence[Runnable[Input, Output]]
     """A sequence of fallbacks to try."""
-    exceptions_to_handle: Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...] = (Exception,)
+    exceptions_to_handle: tuple[type[BaseException], ...] = (Exception,)
     """The exceptions on which fallbacks should be tried.
     
     Any exception that is not a subclass of these exceptions will be raised immediately.
@@ -112,25 +106,25 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
     )
 
     @property
-    def InputType(self) -> Type[Input]:
+    def InputType(self) -> type[Input]:
         return self.runnable.InputType
 
     @property
-    def OutputType(self) -> Type[Output]:
+    def OutputType(self) -> type[Output]:
         return self.runnable.OutputType
 
     def get_input_schema(
         self, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None
-    ) -> Type[BaseModel]:
+    ) -> type[BaseModel]:
         return self.runnable.get_input_schema(config)
 
     def get_output_schema(
         self, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None
-    ) -> Type[BaseModel]:
+    ) -> type[BaseModel]:
         return self.runnable.get_output_schema(config)
 
     @property
-    def config_specs(self) -> List[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
+    def config_specs(self) -> list[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
         return get_unique_config_specs(
             spec
             for step in [self.runnable, *self.fallbacks]
@@ -142,7 +136,7 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
         return True
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "runnable"]
 
@@ -252,12 +246,12 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
 
     def batch(
         self,
-        inputs: List[Input],
+        inputs: list[Input],
-        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
+        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, list[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
         *,
         return_exceptions: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Optional[Any],
-    ) -> List[Output]:
+    ) -> list[Output]:
         from langchain_core.callbacks.manager import CallbackManager
 
         if self.exception_key is not None and not all(
@@ -296,9 +290,9 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
             for cm, input, config in zip(callback_managers, inputs, configs)
         ]
 
-        to_return: Dict[int, Any] = {}
+        to_return: dict[int, Any] = {}
         run_again = {i: input for i, input in enumerate(inputs)}
-        handled_exceptions: Dict[int, BaseException] = {}
+        handled_exceptions: dict[int, BaseException] = {}
         first_to_raise = None
         for runnable in self.runnables:
             outputs = runnable.batch(
@@ -344,12 +338,12 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
 
     async def abatch(
         self,
-        inputs: List[Input],
+        inputs: list[Input],
-        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
+        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, list[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
         *,
         return_exceptions: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Optional[Any],
-    ) -> List[Output]:
+    ) -> list[Output]:
         from langchain_core.callbacks.manager import AsyncCallbackManager
 
         if self.exception_key is not None and not all(
@@ -378,7 +372,7 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
             for config in configs
         ]
         # start the root runs, one per input
-        run_managers: List[AsyncCallbackManagerForChainRun] = await asyncio.gather(
+        run_managers: list[AsyncCallbackManagerForChainRun] = await asyncio.gather(
             *(
                 cm.on_chain_start(
                     None,
@@ -392,7 +386,7 @@ class RunnableWithFallbacks(RunnableSerializable[Input, Output]):
 
         to_return = {}
         run_again = {i: input for i, input in enumerate(inputs)}
-        handled_exceptions: Dict[int, BaseException] = {}
+        handled_exceptions: dict[int, BaseException] = {}
         first_to_raise = None
         for runnable in self.runnables:
             outputs = await runnable.abatch(

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/graph.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
 from collections import Counter
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import (
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ from typing import (
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
     Protocol,
-    Sequence,
     TypedDict,
     Union,
     overload,

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/graph_ascii.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ Adapted from https://github.com/iterative/dvc/blob/main/dvc/dagascii.py"""
 
 import math
 import os
-from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 from langchain_core.runnables.graph import Edge as LangEdge
 

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/graph_mermaid.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import base64
 import re
 from dataclasses import asdict
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from langchain_core.runnables.graph import (
     CurveStyle,
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ MARKDOWN_SPECIAL_CHARS = "*_`"
 
 
 def draw_mermaid(
-    nodes: Dict[str, Node],
+    nodes: dict[str, Node],
-    edges: List[Edge],
+    edges: list[Edge],
     *,
     first_node: Optional[str] = None,
     last_node: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def draw_mermaid(
             mermaid_graph += f"\t{node_label}\n"
 
     # Group edges by their common prefixes
-    edge_groups: Dict[str, List[Edge]] = {}
+    edge_groups: dict[str, list[Edge]] = {}
     for edge in edges:
         src_parts = edge.source.split(":")
         tgt_parts = edge.target.split(":")
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def draw_mermaid(
 
     seen_subgraphs = set()
 
-    def add_subgraph(edges: List[Edge], prefix: str) -> None:
+    def add_subgraph(edges: list[Edge], prefix: str) -> None:
         nonlocal mermaid_graph
         self_loop = len(edges) == 1 and edges[0].source == edges[0].target
         if prefix and not self_loop:

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/history.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from types import GenericAlias
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from langchain_core.tracers.schemas import Run
 
 
-MessagesOrDictWithMessages = Union[Sequence["BaseMessage"], Dict[str, Any]]
+MessagesOrDictWithMessages = Union[Sequence["BaseMessage"], dict[str, Any]]
 GetSessionHistoryCallable = Callable[..., BaseChatMessageHistory]
 
 
@@ -419,7 +419,11 @@ class RunnableWithMessageHistory(RunnableBindingBase):
         """
         root_type = self.OutputType
 
-        if inspect.isclass(root_type) and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel):
+        if (
+            inspect.isclass(root_type)
+            and not isinstance(root_type, GenericAlias)
+            and issubclass(root_type, BaseModel)
+        ):
             return root_type
 
         return create_model_v2(

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/passthrough.py

@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import inspect
 import threading
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -349,7 +345,7 @@ class RunnablePassthrough(RunnableSerializable[Other, Other]):
 _graph_passthrough: RunnablePassthrough = RunnablePassthrough()
 
 
-class RunnableAssign(RunnableSerializable[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]):
+class RunnableAssign(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]):
     """Runnable that assigns key-value pairs to Dict[str, Any] inputs.
 
     The `RunnableAssign` class takes input dictionaries and, through a
@@ -564,7 +560,7 @@ class RunnableAssign(RunnableSerializable[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]):
                 if filtered:
                     yield filtered
             # yield map output
-            yield cast(Dict[str, Any], first_map_chunk_future.result())
+            yield cast(dict[str, Any], first_map_chunk_future.result())
             for chunk in map_output:
                 yield chunk
 
@@ -650,7 +646,7 @@ class RunnableAssign(RunnableSerializable[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]):
             yield chunk
 
 
-class RunnablePick(RunnableSerializable[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]):
+class RunnablePick(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]):
     """Runnable that picks keys from Dict[str, Any] inputs.
 
     RunnablePick class represents a Runnable that selectively picks keys from a

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/retry.py

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Dict,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -98,7 +94,7 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
             retryable_chain = chain.with_retry()
     """
 
-    retry_exception_types: Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...] = (Exception,)
+    retry_exception_types: tuple[type[BaseException], ...] = (Exception,)
     """The exception types to retry on. By default all exceptions are retried.
     
     In general you should only retry on exceptions that are likely to be
@@ -115,13 +111,13 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
     """The maximum number of attempts to retry the Runnable."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> List[str]:
+    def get_lc_namespace(cls) -> list[str]:
         """Get the namespace of the langchain object."""
         return ["langchain", "schema", "runnable"]
 
     @property
-    def _kwargs_retrying(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _kwargs_retrying(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = dict()
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = dict()
 
         if self.max_attempt_number:
             kwargs["stop"] = stop_after_attempt(self.max_attempt_number)
@@ -152,10 +148,10 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
 
     def _patch_config_list(
         self,
-        config: List[RunnableConfig],
+        config: list[RunnableConfig],
-        run_manager: List["T"],
+        run_manager: list["T"],
         retry_state: RetryCallState,
-    ) -> List[RunnableConfig]:
+    ) -> list[RunnableConfig]:
         return [
             self._patch_config(c, rm, retry_state) for c, rm in zip(config, run_manager)
         ]
@@ -208,17 +204,17 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
 
     def _batch(
         self,
-        inputs: List[Input],
+        inputs: list[Input],
-        run_manager: List["CallbackManagerForChainRun"],
+        run_manager: list["CallbackManagerForChainRun"],
-        config: List[RunnableConfig],
+        config: list[RunnableConfig],
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> List[Union[Output, Exception]]:
+    ) -> list[Union[Output, Exception]]:
-        results_map: Dict[int, Output] = {}
+        results_map: dict[int, Output] = {}
 
-        def pending(iterable: List[U]) -> List[U]:
+        def pending(iterable: list[U]) -> list[U]:
             return [item for idx, item in enumerate(iterable) if idx not in results_map]
 
-        not_set: List[Output] = []
+        not_set: list[Output] = []
         result = not_set
         try:
             for attempt in self._sync_retrying():
@@ -250,9 +246,9 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
                     attempt.retry_state.set_result(result)
         except RetryError as e:
             if result is not_set:
-                result = cast(List[Output], [e] * len(inputs))
+                result = cast(list[Output], [e] * len(inputs))
 
-        outputs: List[Union[Output, Exception]] = []
+        outputs: list[Union[Output, Exception]] = []
         for idx, _ in enumerate(inputs):
             if idx in results_map:
                 outputs.append(results_map[idx])
@@ -262,29 +258,29 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
 
     def batch(
         self,
-        inputs: List[Input],
+        inputs: list[Input],
-        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
+        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, list[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
         *,
         return_exceptions: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> List[Output]:
+    ) -> list[Output]:
         return self._batch_with_config(
             self._batch, inputs, config, return_exceptions=return_exceptions, **kwargs
         )
 
     async def _abatch(
         self,
-        inputs: List[Input],
+        inputs: list[Input],
-        run_manager: List["AsyncCallbackManagerForChainRun"],
+        run_manager: list["AsyncCallbackManagerForChainRun"],
-        config: List[RunnableConfig],
+        config: list[RunnableConfig],
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> List[Union[Output, Exception]]:
+    ) -> list[Union[Output, Exception]]:
-        results_map: Dict[int, Output] = {}
+        results_map: dict[int, Output] = {}
 
-        def pending(iterable: List[U]) -> List[U]:
+        def pending(iterable: list[U]) -> list[U]:
             return [item for idx, item in enumerate(iterable) if idx not in results_map]
 
-        not_set: List[Output] = []
+        not_set: list[Output] = []
         result = not_set
         try:
             async for attempt in self._async_retrying():
@@ -316,9 +312,9 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
                     attempt.retry_state.set_result(result)
         except RetryError as e:
             if result is not_set:
-                result = cast(List[Output], [e] * len(inputs))
+                result = cast(list[Output], [e] * len(inputs))
 
-        outputs: List[Union[Output, Exception]] = []
+        outputs: list[Union[Output, Exception]] = []
         for idx, _ in enumerate(inputs):
             if idx in results_map:
                 outputs.append(results_map[idx])
@@ -328,12 +324,12 @@ class RunnableRetry(RunnableBindingBase[Input, Output]):
 
     async def abatch(
         self,
-        inputs: List[Input],
+        inputs: list[Input],
-        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, List[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
+        config: Optional[Union[RunnableConfig, list[RunnableConfig]]] = None,
         *,
         return_exceptions: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> List[Output]:
+    ) -> list[Output]:
         return await self._abatch_with_config(
             self._abatch, inputs, config, return_exceptions=return_exceptions, **kwargs
         )

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/router.py

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
     Callable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
     Optional,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@ class RouterRunnable(RunnableSerializable[RouterInput, Output]):
         configs = get_config_list(config, len(inputs))
         with get_executor_for_config(configs[0]) as executor:
             return cast(
-                List[Output],
+                list[Output],
                 list(executor.map(invoke, runnables, actual_inputs, configs)),
             )
 

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/schema.py

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Literal, Sequence, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
 
 from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
 

libs/core/langchain_core/runnables/utils.py

@@ -6,23 +6,24 @@ import ast
 import asyncio
 import inspect
 import textwrap
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
 from functools import lru_cache
 from inspect import signature
 from itertools import groupby
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterable,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    Coroutine,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    Mapping,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
     Protocol,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ def indent_lines_after_first(text: str, prefix: str) -> str:
     return "\n".join([lines[0]] + [spaces + line for line in lines[1:]])
 
 
-class AddableDict(Dict[str, Any]):
+class AddableDict(dict[str, Any]):
     """
     Dictionary that can be added to another dictionary.
     """

libs/core/langchain_core/stores.py

@@ -7,16 +7,11 @@ The primary goal of these storages is to support implementation of caching.
 """
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -84,7 +79,7 @@ class BaseStore(Generic[K, V], ABC):
     """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def mget(self, keys: Sequence[K]) -> List[Optional[V]]:
+    def mget(self, keys: Sequence[K]) -> list[Optional[V]]:
         """Get the values associated with the given keys.
 
         Args:
@@ -95,7 +90,7 @@ class BaseStore(Generic[K, V], ABC):
             If a key is not found, the corresponding value will be None.
         """
 
-    async def amget(self, keys: Sequence[K]) -> List[Optional[V]]:
+    async def amget(self, keys: Sequence[K]) -> list[Optional[V]]:
         """Async get the values associated with the given keys.
 
         Args:
@@ -108,14 +103,14 @@ class BaseStore(Generic[K, V], ABC):
         return await run_in_executor(None, self.mget, keys)
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def mset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[Tuple[K, V]]) -> None:
+    def mset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[tuple[K, V]]) -> None:
         """Set the values for the given keys.
 
         Args:
             key_value_pairs (Sequence[Tuple[K, V]]): A sequence of key-value pairs.
         """
 
-    async def amset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[Tuple[K, V]]) -> None:
+    async def amset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[tuple[K, V]]) -> None:
         """Async set the values for the given keys.
 
         Args:
@@ -184,9 +179,9 @@ class InMemoryBaseStore(BaseStore[str, V], Generic[V]):
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         """Initialize an empty store."""
-        self.store: Dict[str, V] = {}
+        self.store: dict[str, V] = {}
 
-    def mget(self, keys: Sequence[str]) -> List[Optional[V]]:
+    def mget(self, keys: Sequence[str]) -> list[Optional[V]]:
         """Get the values associated with the given keys.
 
         Args:
@@ -198,7 +193,7 @@ class InMemoryBaseStore(BaseStore[str, V], Generic[V]):
         """
         return [self.store.get(key) for key in keys]
 
-    async def amget(self, keys: Sequence[str]) -> List[Optional[V]]:
+    async def amget(self, keys: Sequence[str]) -> list[Optional[V]]:
         """Async get the values associated with the given keys.
 
         Args:
@@ -210,7 +205,7 @@ class InMemoryBaseStore(BaseStore[str, V], Generic[V]):
         """
         return self.mget(keys)
 
-    def mset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[Tuple[str, V]]) -> None:
+    def mset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[tuple[str, V]]) -> None:
         """Set the values for the given keys.
 
         Args:
@@ -222,7 +217,7 @@ class InMemoryBaseStore(BaseStore[str, V], Generic[V]):
         for key, value in key_value_pairs:
             self.store[key] = value
 
-    async def amset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[Tuple[str, V]]) -> None:
+    async def amset(self, key_value_pairs: Sequence[tuple[str, V]]) -> None:
         """Async set the values for the given keys.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/structured_query.py

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 

libs/core/langchain_core/sys_info.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 for debugging purposes.
 """
 
-from typing import List, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 
-def _get_sub_deps(packages: Sequence[str]) -> List[str]:
+def _get_sub_deps(packages: Sequence[str]) -> list[str]:
     """Get any specified sub-dependencies."""
     from importlib import metadata
 

libs/core/langchain_core/tools/base.py

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ import json
 import uuid
 import warnings
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from contextvars import copy_context
 from inspect import signature
 from typing import (
+    Annotated,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ from pydantic import (
 )
 from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel as BaseModelV1
 from pydantic.v1 import validate_arguments as validate_arguments_v1
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core._api import deprecated
 from langchain_core.callbacks import (
@@ -324,7 +323,7 @@ class ToolException(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-class BaseTool(RunnableSerializable[Union[str, Dict, ToolCall], Any]):
+class BaseTool(RunnableSerializable[Union[str, dict, ToolCall], Any]):
     """Interface LangChain tools must implement."""
 
     def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:

libs/core/langchain_core/tools/convert.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import inspect
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Literal, Optional, Type, Union, get_type_hints
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, Optional, Union, get_type_hints
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, create_model
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from langchain_core.tools.structured import StructuredTool
 def tool(
     *args: Union[str, Callable, Runnable],
     return_direct: bool = False,
-    args_schema: Optional[Type] = None,
+    args_schema: Optional[type] = None,
     infer_schema: bool = True,
     response_format: Literal["content", "content_and_artifact"] = "content",
     parse_docstring: bool = False,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def tool(
 
                 coroutine = ainvoke_wrapper
                 func = invoke_wrapper
-                schema: Optional[Type[BaseModel]] = runnable.input_schema
+                schema: Optional[type[BaseModel]] = runnable.input_schema
                 description = repr(runnable)
             elif inspect.iscoroutinefunction(dec_func):
                 coroutine = dec_func
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ def _get_description_from_runnable(runnable: Runnable) -> str:
 def _get_schema_from_runnable_and_arg_types(
     runnable: Runnable,
     name: str,
-    arg_types: Optional[Dict[str, Type]] = None,
+    arg_types: Optional[dict[str, type]] = None,
-) -> Type[BaseModel]:
+) -> type[BaseModel]:
     """Infer args_schema for tool."""
     if arg_types is None:
         try:
@@ -252,11 +252,11 @@ def _get_schema_from_runnable_and_arg_types(
 
 def convert_runnable_to_tool(
     runnable: Runnable,
-    args_schema: Optional[Type[BaseModel]] = None,
+    args_schema: Optional[type[BaseModel]] = None,
     *,
     name: Optional[str] = None,
     description: Optional[str] = None,
-    arg_types: Optional[Dict[str, Type]] = None,
+    arg_types: Optional[dict[str, type]] = None,
 ) -> BaseTool:
     """Convert a Runnable into a BaseTool.
 

libs/core/langchain_core/tools/render.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from inspect import signature
-from typing import Callable, List
+from typing import Callable
 
 from langchain_core.tools.base import BaseTool
 
-ToolsRenderer = Callable[[List[BaseTool]], str]
+ToolsRenderer = Callable[[list[BaseTool]], str]
 
 
 def render_text_description(tools: list[BaseTool]) -> str:

libs/core/langchain_core/tools/simple.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
 from inspect import signature
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
     Optional,
     Union,

libs/core/langchain_core/tools/structured.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import textwrap
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
 from inspect import signature
 from typing import (
+    Annotated,
     Any,
-    Awaitable,
     Callable,
     Literal,
     Optional,
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ from typing import (
 )
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, SkipValidation
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from langchain_core.callbacks import (
     AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun,

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/_streaming.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """Internal tracers used for stream_log and astream events implementations."""
 
 import abc
-from typing import AsyncIterator, Iterator, TypeVar
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator
+from typing import TypeVar
 from uuid import UUID
 
 T = TypeVar("T")

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/base.py

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import logging
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     Union,
 )
 from uuid import UUID

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/context.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from contextvars import ContextVar
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Generator,
     Optional,
     Union,
     cast,

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/core.py

@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@ import logging
 import sys
 import traceback
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Coroutine, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Coroutine,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     Union,
     cast,
 )

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/evaluation.py

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 import threading
 import weakref
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor, wait
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, Sequence, Union, cast
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union, cast
 from uuid import UUID
 
 import langsmith
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ class EvaluatorCallbackHandler(BaseTracer):
         if isinstance(results, EvaluationResult):
             results_ = [results]
         elif isinstance(results, dict) and "results" in results:
-            results_ = cast(List[EvaluationResult], results["results"])
+            results_ = cast(list[EvaluationResult], results["results"])
         else:
             raise TypeError(
                 f"Invalid evaluation result type {type(results)}."

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/event_stream.py

@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 import logging
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -459,7 +456,7 @@ class _AstreamEventsCallbackHandler(AsyncCallbackHandler, _StreamingCallbackHand
         output: Union[dict, BaseMessage] = {}
 
         if run_info["run_type"] == "chat_model":
-            generations = cast(List[List[ChatGenerationChunk]], response.generations)
+            generations = cast(list[list[ChatGenerationChunk]], response.generations)
             for gen in generations:
                 if output != {}:
                     break
@@ -469,7 +466,7 @@ class _AstreamEventsCallbackHandler(AsyncCallbackHandler, _StreamingCallbackHand
 
             event = "on_chat_model_end"
         elif run_info["run_type"] == "llm":
-            generations = cast(List[List[GenerationChunk]], response.generations)
+            generations = cast(list[list[GenerationChunk]], response.generations)
             output = {
                 "generations": [
                     [

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/log_stream.py

@@ -4,13 +4,11 @@ import asyncio
 import copy
 import threading
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Iterator,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     overload,

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/memory_stream.py

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ used in the code.
 
 import asyncio
 from asyncio import AbstractEventLoop, Queue
-from typing import AsyncIterator, Generic, TypeVar
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/root_listeners.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from typing import Callable, Optional, Union
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from langchain_core.runnables.config import (

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/run_collector.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """A tracer that collects all nested runs in a list."""
 
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from langchain_core.tracers.base import BaseTracer
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class RunCollectorCallbackHandler(BaseTracer):
         self.example_id = (
             UUID(example_id) if isinstance(example_id, str) else example_id
         )
-        self.traced_runs: List[Run] = []
+        self.traced_runs: list[Run] = []
 
     def _persist_run(self, run: Run) -> None:
         """

libs/core/langchain_core/tracers/stdout.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import json
-from typing import Any, Callable, List
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from langchain_core.tracers.base import BaseTracer
 from langchain_core.tracers.schemas import Run
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class FunctionCallbackHandler(BaseTracer):
     def _persist_run(self, run: Run) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def get_parents(self, run: Run) -> List[Run]:
+    def get_parents(self, run: Run) -> list[Run]:
         """Get the parents of a run.
 
         Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/utils/aiter.py

@@ -5,23 +5,20 @@ MIT License
 """
 
 from collections import deque
-from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager
+from collections.abc import (
-from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    AsyncContextManager,
     AsyncGenerator,
     AsyncIterable,
     AsyncIterator,
     Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Deque,
-    Generic,
     Iterator,
-    List,
+)
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Generic,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -95,10 +92,10 @@ class NoLock:
 async def tee_peer(
     iterator: AsyncIterator[T],
     # the buffer specific to this peer
-    buffer: Deque[T],
+    buffer: deque[T],
     # the buffers of all peers, including our own
-    peers: List[Deque[T]],
+    peers: list[deque[T]],
-    lock: AsyncContextManager[Any],
+    lock: AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any],
 ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
     """An individual iterator of a :py:func:`~.tee`.
 
@@ -191,10 +188,10 @@ class Tee(Generic[T]):
         iterable: AsyncIterator[T],
         n: int = 2,
         *,
-        lock: Optional[AsyncContextManager[Any]] = None,
+        lock: Optional[AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any]] = None,
     ):
         self._iterator = iterable.__aiter__()  # before 3.10 aiter() doesn't exist
-        self._buffers: List[Deque[T]] = [deque() for _ in range(n)]
+        self._buffers: list[deque[T]] = [deque() for _ in range(n)]
         self._children = tuple(
             tee_peer(
                 iterator=self._iterator,
@@ -212,11 +209,11 @@ class Tee(Generic[T]):
     def __getitem__(self, item: int) -> AsyncIterator[T]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, item: slice) -> Tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, item: slice) -> tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]: ...
 
     def __getitem__(
         self, item: Union[int, slice]
-    ) -> Union[AsyncIterator[T], Tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]]:
+    ) -> Union[AsyncIterator[T], tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]]:
         return self._children[item]
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[AsyncIterator[T]]:
@@ -267,7 +264,7 @@ class aclosing(AbstractAsyncContextManager):
 
     async def __aexit__(
         self,
-        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_type: Optional[type[BaseException]],
         exc_value: Optional[BaseException],
         traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
     ) -> None:
@@ -277,7 +274,7 @@ class aclosing(AbstractAsyncContextManager):
 
 async def abatch_iterate(
     size: int, iterable: AsyncIterable[T]
-) -> AsyncIterator[List[T]]:
+) -> AsyncIterator[list[T]]:
     """Utility batching function for async iterables.
 
     Args:
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ async def abatch_iterate(
     Returns:
         An async iterator over the batches.
     """
-    batch: List[T] = []
+    batch: list[T] = []
     async for element in iterable:
         if len(batch) < size:
             batch.append(element)

libs/core/langchain_core/utils/formatting.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """Utilities for formatting strings."""
 
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from string import Formatter
-from typing import Any, List, Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 
 class StrictFormatter(Formatter):
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class StrictFormatter(Formatter):
         return super().vformat(format_string, args, kwargs)
 
     def validate_input_variables(
-        self, format_string: str, input_variables: List[str]
+        self, format_string: str, input_variables: list[str]
     ) -> None:
         """Check that all input variables are used in the format string.
 

libs/core/langchain_core/utils/function_calling.py

@@ -10,21 +10,17 @@ import typing
 import uuid
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Annotated,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
-    List,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from typing_extensions import Annotated, TypedDict, get_args, get_origin, is_typeddict
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict, get_args, get_origin, is_typeddict
 
 from langchain_core._api import deprecated
 from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, BaseMessage, HumanMessage, ToolMessage
@@ -201,7 +197,7 @@ def _convert_typed_dict_to_openai_function(typed_dict: type) -> FunctionDescript
     from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel
 
     model = cast(
-        Type[BaseModel],
+        type[BaseModel],
         _convert_any_typed_dicts_to_pydantic(typed_dict, visited=visited),
     )
     return convert_pydantic_to_openai_function(model)  # type: ignore
@@ -383,15 +379,15 @@ def convert_to_openai_function(
             "parameters": function,
         }
     elif isinstance(function, type) and is_basemodel_subclass(function):
-        oai_function = cast(Dict, convert_pydantic_to_openai_function(function))
+        oai_function = cast(dict, convert_pydantic_to_openai_function(function))
     elif is_typeddict(function):
         oai_function = cast(
-            Dict, _convert_typed_dict_to_openai_function(cast(Type, function))
+            dict, _convert_typed_dict_to_openai_function(cast(type, function))
         )
     elif isinstance(function, BaseTool):
-        oai_function = cast(Dict, format_tool_to_openai_function(function))
+        oai_function = cast(dict, format_tool_to_openai_function(function))
     elif callable(function):
-        oai_function = cast(Dict, convert_python_function_to_openai_function(function))
+        oai_function = cast(dict, convert_python_function_to_openai_function(function))
     else:
         raise ValueError(
             f"Unsupported function\n\n{function}\n\nFunctions must be passed in"
@@ -598,17 +594,17 @@ def _py_38_safe_origin(origin: type) -> type:
     )
 
     origin_map: dict[type, Any] = {
-        dict: Dict,
+        dict: dict,
-        list: List,
+        list: list,
-        tuple: Tuple,
+        tuple: tuple,
-        set: Set,
+        set: set,
         collections.abc.Iterable: typing.Iterable,
         collections.abc.Mapping: typing.Mapping,
         collections.abc.Sequence: typing.Sequence,
         collections.abc.MutableMapping: typing.MutableMapping,
         **origin_union_type_map,
     }
-    return cast(Type, origin_map.get(origin, origin))
+    return cast(type, origin_map.get(origin, origin))
 
 
 def _recursive_set_additional_properties_false(

libs/core/langchain_core/utils/html.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import re
-from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Optional, Union
 from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ DEFAULT_LINK_REGEX = (
 
 def find_all_links(
     raw_html: str, *, pattern: Union[str, re.Pattern, None] = None
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     """Extract all links from a raw HTML string.
 
     Args:
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def extract_sub_links(
     prevent_outside: bool = True,
     exclude_prefixes: Sequence[str] = (),
     continue_on_failure: bool = False,
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     """Extract all links from a raw HTML string and convert into absolute paths.
 
     Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/utils/input.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Handle chained inputs."""
 
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, TextIO
+from typing import Optional, TextIO
 
 _TEXT_COLOR_MAPPING = {
     "blue": "36;1",
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ _TEXT_COLOR_MAPPING = {
 
 
 def get_color_mapping(
-    items: List[str], excluded_colors: Optional[List] = None
+    items: list[str], excluded_colors: Optional[list] = None
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     """Get mapping for items to a support color.
 
     Args:

libs/core/langchain_core/utils/iter.py

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Iterator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
 from itertools import islice
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    ContextManager,
-    Deque,
-    Generator,
     Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     overload,
@@ -34,10 +29,10 @@ class NoLock:
 def tee_peer(
     iterator: Iterator[T],
     # the buffer specific to this peer
-    buffer: Deque[T],
+    buffer: deque[T],
     # the buffers of all peers, including our own
-    peers: List[Deque[T]],
+    peers: list[deque[T]],
-    lock: ContextManager[Any],
+    lock: AbstractContextManager[Any],
 ) -> Generator[T, None, None]:
     """An individual iterator of a :py:func:`~.tee`.
 
@@ -130,7 +125,7 @@ class Tee(Generic[T]):
         iterable: Iterator[T],
         n: int = 2,
         *,
-        lock: Optional[ContextManager[Any]] = None,
+        lock: Optional[AbstractContextManager[Any]] = None,
     ):
         """Create a new ``tee``.
 
@@ -141,7 +136,7 @@ class Tee(Generic[T]):
                 Defaults to None.
         """
         self._iterator = iter(iterable)
-        self._buffers: List[Deque[T]] = [deque() for _ in range(n)]
+        self._buffers: list[deque[T]] = [deque() for _ in range(n)]
         self._children = tuple(
             tee_peer(
                 iterator=self._iterator,
@@ -159,11 +154,11 @@ class Tee(Generic[T]):
     def __getitem__(self, item: int) -> Iterator[T]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, item: slice) -> Tuple[Iterator[T], ...]: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, item: slice) -> tuple[Iterator[T], ...]: ...
 
     def __getitem__(
         self, item: Union[int, slice]
-    ) -> Union[Iterator[T], Tuple[Iterator[T], ...]]:
+    ) -> Union[Iterator[T], tuple[Iterator[T], ...]]:
         return self._children[item]
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Iterator[T]]:
@@ -185,7 +180,7 @@ class Tee(Generic[T]):
 safetee = Tee
 
 
-def batch_iterate(size: Optional[int], iterable: Iterable[T]) -> Iterator[List[T]]:
+def batch_iterate(size: Optional[int], iterable: Iterable[T]) -> Iterator[list[T]]:
     """Utility batching function.
 
     Args: