diff --git a/libs/core/langchain_core/utils/json.py b/libs/core/langchain_core/utils/json.py
index 1306bb9d73c..768471ae533 100644
--- a/libs/core/langchain_core/utils/json.py
+++ b/libs/core/langchain_core/utils/json.py
@@ -190,6 +190,12 @@ def parse_and_check_json_markdown(text: str, expected_keys: list[str]) -> dict:
     except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
         msg = f"Got invalid JSON object. Error: {e}"
         raise OutputParserException(msg) from e
+    if not isinstance(json_obj, dict):
+        error_message = (
+            f"Expected JSON object (dict), but got: {type(json_obj).__name__}. "
+        )
+        raise OutputParserException(error_message, llm_output=text)
+
     for key in expected_keys:
         if key not in json_obj:
             msg = (
diff --git a/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/output_parsers/test_json.py b/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/output_parsers/test_json.py
index 4198a467143..ebc8766751e 100644
--- a/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/output_parsers/test_json.py
+++ b/libs/core/tests/unit_tests/output_parsers/test_json.py
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ from langchain_core.output_parsers.json import (
     SimpleJsonOutputParser,
 )
 from langchain_core.utils.function_calling import convert_to_openai_function
-from langchain_core.utils.json import parse_json_markdown, parse_partial_json
+from langchain_core.utils.json import (
+    parse_and_check_json_markdown,
+    parse_json_markdown,
+    parse_partial_json,
+)
 from tests.unit_tests.pydantic_utils import _schema
 
 GOOD_JSON = """```json
@@ -204,13 +208,20 @@ def test_parse_json_with_part_code_blocks() -> None:
 
 def test_parse_json_with_code_blocks_and_newlines() -> None:
     parsed = parse_json_markdown(JSON_WITH_MARKDOWN_CODE_BLOCK_AND_NEWLINES)
-
     assert parsed == {
         "action": "Final Answer",
         "action_input": '```bar\n<div id="1" class="value">\n\ttext\n</div>```',
     }
 
 
+def test_parse_non_dict_json_output() -> None:
+    text = "```json\n1\n```"
+    with pytest.raises(OutputParserException) as exc_info:
+        parse_and_check_json_markdown(text, expected_keys=["foo"])
+
+    assert "Expected JSON object (dict)" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+
 TEST_CASES_ESCAPED_QUOTES = [
     JSON_WITH_ESCAPED_DOUBLE_QUOTES_IN_NESTED_JSON,
 ]