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550 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
550 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "9a8bceb3-95bd-4496-bb9e-57655136e070",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# How to convert Runnables as Tools\n",
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"\n",
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":::info Prerequisites\n",
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"\n",
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"This guide assumes familiarity with the following concepts:\n",
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"\n",
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"- [Runnables](/docs/concepts#runnable-interface)\n",
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"- [Tools](/docs/concepts#tools)\n",
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"- [Agents](/docs/tutorials/agents)\n",
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"\n",
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":::\n",
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"\n",
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"Here we will demonstrate how to convert a LangChain `Runnable` into a tool that can be used by agents, chains, or chat models.\n",
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"\n",
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"## Dependencies\n",
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"\n",
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"**Note**: this guide requires `langchain-core` >= 0.2.13. We will also use [OpenAI](/docs/integrations/platforms/openai/) for embeddings, but any LangChain embeddings should suffice. We will use a simple [LangGraph](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/) agent for demonstration purposes."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "92341f48-2c29-4ce9-8ab8-0a7c7a7c98a1",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"%%capture --no-stderr\n",
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"%pip install -U langchain-core langchain-openai langgraph"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "2b0dcc1a-48e8-4a81-b920-3563192ce076",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"LangChain [tools](/docs/concepts#tools) are interfaces that an agent, chain, or chat model can use to interact with the world. See [here](/docs/how_to/#tools) for how-to guides covering tool-calling, built-in tools, custom tools, and more information.\n",
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"\n",
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"LangChain tools-- instances of [BaseTool](https://api.python.langchain.com/en/latest/tools/langchain_core.tools.BaseTool.html)-- are [Runnables](/docs/concepts/#runnable-interface) with additional constraints that enable them to be invoked effectively by language models:\n",
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"\n",
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"- Their inputs are constrained to be serializable, specifically strings and Python `dict` objects;\n",
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"- They contain names and descriptions indicating how and when they should be used;\n",
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"- They may contain a detailed [args_schema](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/how_to/custom_tools/) for their arguments. That is, while a tool (as a `Runnable`) might accept a single `dict` input, the specific keys and type information needed to populate a dict should be specified in the `args_schema`.\n",
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"\n",
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"Runnables that accept string or `dict` input can be converted to tools using the [as_tool](https://api.python.langchain.com/en/latest/runnables/langchain_core.runnables.base.Runnable.html#langchain_core.runnables.base.Runnable.as_tool) method, which allows for the specification of names, descriptions, and additional schema information for arguments."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "b4d76680-1b6b-4862-8c4f-22766a1d41f2",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Basic usage\n",
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"\n",
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"With typed `dict` input:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"id": "b2cc4231-64a3-4733-a284-932dcbf2fcc3",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"from typing import List\n",
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"\n",
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"from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda\n",
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"from typing_extensions import TypedDict\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"class Args(TypedDict):\n",
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" a: int\n",
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" b: List[int]\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"def f(x: Args) -> str:\n",
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" return str(x[\"a\"] * max(x[\"b\"]))\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"runnable = RunnableLambda(f)\n",
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"as_tool = runnable.as_tool(\n",
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" name=\"My tool\",\n",
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" description=\"Explanation of when to use tool.\",\n",
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")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"id": "57f2d435-624d-459a-903d-8509fbbde610",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Explanation of when to use tool.\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"{'title': 'My tool',\n",
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" 'type': 'object',\n",
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" 'properties': {'a': {'title': 'A', 'type': 'integer'},\n",
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" 'b': {'title': 'B', 'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'integer'}}},\n",
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" 'required': ['a', 'b']}"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(as_tool.description)\n",
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"\n",
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"as_tool.args_schema.schema()"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"id": "54ae7384-a03d-4fa4-8cdf-9604a4bc39ee",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'6'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"as_tool.invoke({\"a\": 3, \"b\": [1, 2]})"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "9038f587-4613-4f50-b349-135f9e7e3b15",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Without typing information, arg types can be specified via `arg_types`:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"id": "169f733c-4936-497f-8577-ee769dc16b88",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"from typing import Any, Dict\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"def g(x: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:\n",
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" return str(x[\"a\"] * max(x[\"b\"]))\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"runnable = RunnableLambda(g)\n",
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"as_tool = runnable.as_tool(\n",
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" name=\"My tool\",\n",
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" description=\"Explanation of when to use tool.\",\n",
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" arg_types={\"a\": int, \"b\": List[int]},\n",
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")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "32b1a992-8997-4c98-8eb2-c9fe9431b799",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Alternatively, the schema can be fully specified by directly passing the desired [args_schema](https://api.python.langchain.com/en/latest/tools/langchain_core.tools.BaseTool.html#langchain_core.tools.BaseTool.args_schema) for the tool:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"id": "eb102705-89b7-48dc-9158-d36d5f98ae8e",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import BaseModel, Field\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"class GSchema(BaseModel):\n",
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" \"\"\"Apply a function to an integer and list of integers.\"\"\"\n",
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"\n",
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" a: int = Field(..., description=\"Integer\")\n",
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" b: List[int] = Field(..., description=\"List of ints\")\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"runnable = RunnableLambda(g)\n",
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"as_tool = runnable.as_tool(GSchema)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "7c474d85-4e01-4fae-9bba-0c6c8c26475c",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"String input is also supported:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"id": "c475282a-58d6-4c2b-af7d-99b73b7d8a13",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def f(x: str) -> str:\n",
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" return x + \"a\"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"def g(x: str) -> str:\n",
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" return x + \"z\"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"runnable = RunnableLambda(f) | g\n",
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"as_tool = runnable.as_tool()"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"id": "ad6d8d96-3a87-40bd-a2ac-44a8acde0a8e",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'baz'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"as_tool.invoke(\"b\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "89fdb3a7-d228-48f0-8f73-262af4febb58",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"## In agents\n",
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"\n",
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"Below we will incorporate LangChain Runnables as tools in an [agent](/docs/concepts/#agents) application. We will demonstrate with:\n",
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"\n",
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"- a document [retriever](/docs/concepts/#retrievers);\n",
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"- a simple [RAG](/docs/tutorials/rag/) chain, allowing an agent to delegate relevant queries to it.\n",
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"\n",
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"We first instantiate a chat model that supports [tool calling](/docs/how_to/tool_calling/):\n",
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"\n",
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"```{=mdx}\n",
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"import ChatModelTabs from \"@theme/ChatModelTabs\";\n",
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"\n",
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"<ChatModelTabs customVarName=\"llm\" />\n",
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"```"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"id": "d06c9f2a-4475-450f-9106-54db1d99623b",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# | output: false\n",
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"# | echo: false\n",
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"\n",
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"from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI\n",
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"\n",
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"llm = ChatOpenAI(model=\"gpt-3.5-turbo-0125\", temperature=0)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "e8a2038a-d762-4196-b5e3-fdb89c11e71d",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"Following the [RAG tutorial](/docs/tutorials/rag/), let's first construct a retriever:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 10,
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"id": "23d2a47e-6712-4294-81c8-2c1d76b4bb81",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"from langchain_core.documents import Document\n",
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"from langchain_core.vectorstores import InMemoryVectorStore\n",
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"from langchain_openai import OpenAIEmbeddings\n",
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"\n",
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"documents = [\n",
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" Document(\n",
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" page_content=\"Dogs are great companions, known for their loyalty and friendliness.\",\n",
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" ),\n",
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" Document(\n",
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" page_content=\"Cats are independent pets that often enjoy their own space.\",\n",
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" ),\n",
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"]\n",
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"\n",
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"vectorstore = InMemoryVectorStore.from_documents(\n",
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" documents, embedding=OpenAIEmbeddings()\n",
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")\n",
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"\n",
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"retriever = vectorstore.as_retriever(\n",
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" search_type=\"similarity\",\n",
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" search_kwargs={\"k\": 1},\n",
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")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "9ba737ac-43a2-4a6f-b855-5bd0305017f1",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"We next create use a simple pre-built [LangGraph agent](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/tutorials/agents/) and provide it the tool:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"id": "c939cf2a-60e9-4afd-8b47-84d76ccb13f5",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"from langgraph.prebuilt import create_react_agent\n",
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"\n",
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"tools = [\n",
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" retriever.as_tool(\n",
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" name=\"pet_info_retriever\",\n",
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" description=\"Get information about pets.\",\n",
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" )\n",
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"]\n",
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"agent = create_react_agent(llm, tools)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 12,
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"id": "be29437b-a187-4a0a-9a5d-419c56f2434e",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content='', additional_kwargs={'tool_calls': [{'id': 'call_W8cnfOjwqEn4cFcg19LN9mYD', 'function': {'arguments': '{\"__arg1\":\"dogs\"}', 'name': 'pet_info_retriever'}, 'type': 'function'}]}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 19, 'prompt_tokens': 60, 'total_tokens': 79}, 'model_name': 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', 'system_fingerprint': None, 'finish_reason': 'tool_calls', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-d7f81de9-1fb7-4caf-81ed-16dcdb0b2ab4-0', tool_calls=[{'name': 'pet_info_retriever', 'args': {'__arg1': 'dogs'}, 'id': 'call_W8cnfOjwqEn4cFcg19LN9mYD'}], usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 60, 'output_tokens': 19, 'total_tokens': 79})]}}\n",
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"----\n",
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"{'tools': {'messages': [ToolMessage(content=\"[Document(id='86f835fe-4bbe-4ec6-aeb4-489a8b541707', page_content='Dogs are great companions, known for their loyalty and friendliness.')]\", name='pet_info_retriever', tool_call_id='call_W8cnfOjwqEn4cFcg19LN9mYD')]}}\n",
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"----\n",
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"{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content='Dogs are known for being great companions, known for their loyalty and friendliness.', response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 18, 'prompt_tokens': 134, 'total_tokens': 152}, 'model_name': 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', 'system_fingerprint': None, 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-9ca5847a-a5eb-44c0-a774-84cc2c5bbc5b-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 134, 'output_tokens': 18, 'total_tokens': 152})]}}\n",
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"----\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
|
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"for chunk in agent.stream({\"messages\": [(\"human\", \"What are dogs known for?\")]}):\n",
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" print(chunk)\n",
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" print(\"----\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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|
"id": "96f2ac9c-36f4-4b7a-ae33-f517734c86aa",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"See [LangSmith trace](https://smith.langchain.com/public/44e438e3-2faf-45bd-b397-5510fc145eb9/r) for the above run."
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]
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},
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{
|
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "a722fd8a-b957-4ba7-b408-35596b76835f",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"Going further, we can create a simple [RAG](/docs/tutorials/rag/) chain that takes an additional parameter-- here, the \"style\" of the answer."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 13,
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"id": "bea518c9-c711-47c2-b8cc-dbd102f71f09",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"from operator import itemgetter\n",
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"\n",
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"from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser\n",
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"from langchain_core.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate\n",
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"from langchain_core.runnables import RunnablePassthrough\n",
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"\n",
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"system_prompt = \"\"\"\n",
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"You are an assistant for question-answering tasks.\n",
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"Use the below context to answer the question. If\n",
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"you don't know the answer, say you don't know.\n",
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"Use three sentences maximum and keep the answer\n",
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"concise.\n",
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"\n",
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"Answer in the style of {answer_style}.\n",
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"\n",
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"Question: {question}\n",
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"\n",
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"Context: {context}\n",
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"\"\"\"\n",
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"\n",
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"prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages([(\"system\", system_prompt)])\n",
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"\n",
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"rag_chain = (\n",
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" {\n",
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" \"context\": itemgetter(\"question\") | retriever,\n",
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" \"question\": itemgetter(\"question\"),\n",
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" \"answer_style\": itemgetter(\"answer_style\"),\n",
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" }\n",
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" | prompt\n",
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" | llm\n",
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" | StrOutputParser()\n",
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")"
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]
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},
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{
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|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "955a23db-5218-4c34-8486-450a2ddb3443",
|
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"metadata": {},
|
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"source": [
|
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"Note that the input schema for our chain contains the required arguments, so it converts to a tool without further specification:"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 14,
|
|
"id": "2c9f6e61-80ed-4abb-8e77-84de3ccbc891",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"text/plain": [
|
|
"{'title': 'RunnableParallel<context,question,answer_style>Input',\n",
|
|
" 'type': 'object',\n",
|
|
" 'properties': {'question': {'title': 'Question'},\n",
|
|
" 'answer_style': {'title': 'Answer Style'}}}"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
"execution_count": 14,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"rag_chain.input_schema.schema()"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 17,
|
|
"id": "a3f9cf5b-8c71-4b0f-902b-f92e028780c9",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"rag_tool = rag_chain.as_tool(\n",
|
|
" name=\"pet_expert\",\n",
|
|
" description=\"Get information about pets.\",\n",
|
|
")"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "4570615b-8f96-4d97-ae01-1c08b14be584",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Below we again invoke the agent. Note that the agent populates the required parameters in its `tool_calls`:"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 18,
|
|
"id": "06409913-a2ad-400f-a202-7b8dd2ef483a",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "stdout",
|
|
"output_type": "stream",
|
|
"text": [
|
|
"{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content='', additional_kwargs={'tool_calls': [{'id': 'call_17iLPWvOD23zqwd1QVQ00Y63', 'function': {'arguments': '{\"question\":\"What are dogs known for according to pirates?\",\"answer_style\":\"quote\"}', 'name': 'pet_expert'}, 'type': 'function'}]}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 28, 'prompt_tokens': 59, 'total_tokens': 87}, 'model_name': 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', 'system_fingerprint': None, 'finish_reason': 'tool_calls', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-7fef44f3-7bba-4e63-8c51-2ad9c5e65e2e-0', tool_calls=[{'name': 'pet_expert', 'args': {'question': 'What are dogs known for according to pirates?', 'answer_style': 'quote'}, 'id': 'call_17iLPWvOD23zqwd1QVQ00Y63'}], usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 59, 'output_tokens': 28, 'total_tokens': 87})]}}\n",
|
|
"----\n",
|
|
"{'tools': {'messages': [ToolMessage(content='\"Dogs are known for their loyalty and friendliness, making them great companions for pirates on long sea voyages.\"', name='pet_expert', tool_call_id='call_17iLPWvOD23zqwd1QVQ00Y63')]}}\n",
|
|
"----\n",
|
|
"{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content='According to pirates, dogs are known for their loyalty and friendliness, making them great companions for pirates on long sea voyages.', response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 27, 'prompt_tokens': 119, 'total_tokens': 146}, 'model_name': 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', 'system_fingerprint': None, 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-5a30edc3-7be0-4743-b980-ca2f8cad9b8d-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 119, 'output_tokens': 27, 'total_tokens': 146})]}}\n",
|
|
"----\n"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"agent = create_react_agent(llm, [rag_tool])\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for chunk in agent.stream(\n",
|
|
" {\"messages\": [(\"human\", \"What would a pirate say dogs are known for?\")]}\n",
|
|
"):\n",
|
|
" print(chunk)\n",
|
|
" print(\"----\")"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "96cc9bc3-e79e-49a8-9915-428ea225358b",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"See [LangSmith trace](https://smith.langchain.com/public/147ae4e6-4dfb-4dd9-8ca0-5c5b954f08ac/r) for the above run."
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"metadata": {
|
|
"kernelspec": {
|
|
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"name": "python3"
|
|
},
|
|
"language_info": {
|
|
"codemirror_mode": {
|
|
"name": "ipython",
|
|
"version": 3
|
|
},
|
|
"file_extension": ".py",
|
|
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
|
"name": "python",
|
|
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
|
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
|
"version": "3.10.4"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"nbformat": 4,
|
|
"nbformat_minor": 5
|
|
}
|