vendored cpuid

Signed-off-by: Sven Dowideit <SvenDowideit@home.org.au>

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Compiled Object files, Static and Dynamic libs (Shared Objects)
+*.o
+*.a
+*.so
+
+# Folders
+_obj
+_test
+
+# Architecture specific extensions/prefixes
+*.[568vq]
+[568vq].out
+
+*.cgo1.go
+*.cgo2.c
+_cgo_defun.c
+_cgo_gotypes.go
+_cgo_export.*
+
+_testmain.go
+
+*.exe
+*.test
+*.prof

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+language: go
+
+go:
+  - 1.3
+  - 1.4
+  - 1.5
+  - 1.6
+  - tip

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Klaus Post
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# cpuid
+Package cpuid provides information about the CPU running the current program.
+
+CPU features are detected on startup, and kept for fast access through the life of the application.
+Currently x86 / x64 (AMD64) is supported, and no external C (cgo) code is used, which should make the library very easy to use.
+
+You can access the CPU information by accessing the shared CPU variable of the cpuid library.
+
+Package home: https://github.com/klauspost/cpuid
+
+[![GoDoc][1]][2] [![Build Status][3]][4]
+
+[1]: https://godoc.org/github.com/klauspost/cpuid?status.svg
+[2]: https://godoc.org/github.com/klauspost/cpuid
+[3]: https://travis-ci.org/klauspost/cpuid.svg
+[4]: https://travis-ci.org/klauspost/cpuid
+
+# features
+## CPU Instructions
+*  **CMOV** (i686 CMOV)
+*  **NX** (NX (No-Execute) bit)
+*  **AMD3DNOW** (AMD 3DNOW)
+*  **AMD3DNOWEXT** (AMD 3DNowExt)
+*  **MMX** (standard MMX)
+*  **MMXEXT** (SSE integer functions or AMD MMX ext)
+*  **SSE** (SSE functions)
+*  **SSE2** (P4 SSE functions)
+*  **SSE3** (Prescott SSE3 functions)
+*  **SSSE3** (Conroe SSSE3 functions)
+*  **SSE4** (Penryn SSE4.1 functions)
+*  **SSE4A** (AMD Barcelona microarchitecture SSE4a instructions)
+*  **SSE42** (Nehalem SSE4.2 functions)
+*  **AVX** (AVX functions)
+*  **AVX2** (AVX2 functions)
+*  **FMA3** (Intel FMA 3)
+*  **FMA4** (Bulldozer FMA4 functions)
+*  **XOP** (Bulldozer XOP functions)
+*  **F16C** (Half-precision floating-point conversion)
+*  **BMI1** (Bit Manipulation Instruction Set 1)
+*  **BMI2** (Bit Manipulation Instruction Set 2)
+*  **TBM** (AMD Trailing Bit Manipulation)
+*  **LZCNT** (LZCNT instruction)
+*  **POPCNT** (POPCNT instruction)
+*  **AESNI** (Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions)
+*  **CLMUL** (Carry-less Multiplication)
+*  **HTT** (Hyperthreading (enabled))
+*  **HLE** (Hardware Lock Elision)
+*  **RTM** (Restricted Transactional Memory)
+*  **RDRAND** (RDRAND instruction is available)
+*  **RDSEED** (RDSEED instruction is available)
+*  **ADX** (Intel ADX (Multi-Precision Add-Carry Instruction Extensions))
+*  **SHA** (Intel SHA Extensions)
+*  **AVX512F** (AVX-512 Foundation)
+*  **AVX512DQ** (AVX-512 Doubleword and Quadword Instructions)
+*  **AVX512IFMA** (AVX-512 Integer Fused Multiply-Add Instructions)
+*  **AVX512PF** (AVX-512 Prefetch Instructions)
+*  **AVX512ER** (AVX-512 Exponential and Reciprocal Instructions)
+*  **AVX512CD** (AVX-512 Conflict Detection Instructions)
+*  **AVX512BW** (AVX-512 Byte and Word Instructions)
+*  **AVX512VL** (AVX-512 Vector Length Extensions)
+*  **AVX512VBMI** (AVX-512 Vector Bit Manipulation Instructions)
+*  **MPX** (Intel MPX (Memory Protection Extensions))
+*  **ERMS** (Enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB)
+*  **RDTSCP** (RDTSCP Instruction)
+*  **CX16** (CMPXCHG16B Instruction)
+*  **SGX** (Software Guard Extensions, with activation details)
+
+## Performance
+*  **RDTSCP()** Returns current cycle count. Can be used for benchmarking.
+*  **SSE2SLOW** (SSE2 is supported, but usually not faster)
+*  **SSE3SLOW** (SSE3 is supported, but usually not faster)
+*  **ATOM** (Atom processor, some SSSE3 instructions are slower)
+*  **Cache line** (Probable size of a cache line).
+*  **L1, L2, L3 Cache size** on newer Intel/AMD CPUs.
+
+## Cpu Vendor/VM
+* **Intel**
+* **AMD**
+* **VIA**
+* **Transmeta**
+* **NSC**
+* **KVM**  (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
+* **MSVM** (Microsoft Hyper-V or Windows Virtual PC)
+* **VMware**
+* **XenHVM**
+
+# installing
+
+```go get github.com/klauspost/cpuid```
+
+# example
+
+```Go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/klauspost/cpuid"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	// Print basic CPU information:
+	fmt.Println("Name:", cpuid.CPU.BrandName)
+	fmt.Println("PhysicalCores:", cpuid.CPU.PhysicalCores)
+	fmt.Println("ThreadsPerCore:", cpuid.CPU.ThreadsPerCore)
+	fmt.Println("LogicalCores:", cpuid.CPU.LogicalCores)
+	fmt.Println("Family", cpuid.CPU.Family, "Model:", cpuid.CPU.Model)
+	fmt.Println("Features:", cpuid.CPU.Features)
+	fmt.Println("Cacheline bytes:", cpuid.CPU.CacheLine)
+	fmt.Println("L1 Data Cache:", cpuid.CPU.Cache.L1D, "bytes")
+	fmt.Println("L1 Instruction Cache:", cpuid.CPU.Cache.L1D, "bytes")
+	fmt.Println("L2 Cache:", cpuid.CPU.Cache.L2, "bytes")
+	fmt.Println("L3 Cache:", cpuid.CPU.Cache.L3, "bytes")
+
+	// Test if we have a specific feature:
+	if cpuid.CPU.SSE() {
+		fmt.Println("We have Streaming SIMD Extensions")
+	}
+}
+```
+
+Sample output:
+```
+>go run main.go
+Name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2540M CPU @ 2.60GHz
+PhysicalCores: 2
+ThreadsPerCore: 2
+LogicalCores: 4
+Family 6 Model: 42
+Features: CMOV,MMX,MMXEXT,SSE,SSE2,SSE3,SSSE3,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,AVX,AESNI,CLMUL
+Cacheline bytes: 64
+We have Streaming SIMD Extensions
+```
+
+# private package
+
+In the "private" folder you can find an autogenerated version of the library you can include in your own packages.
+
+For this purpose all exports are removed, and functions and constants are lowercased.
+
+This is not a recommended way of using the library, but provided for convenience, if it is difficult for you to use external packages.
+
+# license
+
+This code is published under an MIT license. See LICENSE file for more information.

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/cpuid_386.s

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Klaus Post, released under MIT License. See LICENSE file.
+
+// +build 386,!gccgo
+
+// func asmCpuid(op uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmCpuid(SB), 7, $0
+	XORL CX, CX
+	MOVL op+0(FP), AX
+	CPUID
+	MOVL AX, eax+4(FP)
+	MOVL BX, ebx+8(FP)
+	MOVL CX, ecx+12(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+16(FP)
+	RET
+
+// func asmCpuidex(op, op2 uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmCpuidex(SB), 7, $0
+	MOVL op+0(FP), AX
+	MOVL op2+4(FP), CX
+	CPUID
+	MOVL AX, eax+8(FP)
+	MOVL BX, ebx+12(FP)
+	MOVL CX, ecx+16(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+20(FP)
+	RET
+
+// func xgetbv(index uint32) (eax, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmXgetbv(SB), 7, $0
+	MOVL index+0(FP), CX
+	BYTE $0x0f; BYTE $0x01; BYTE $0xd0 // XGETBV
+	MOVL AX, eax+4(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+8(FP)
+	RET
+
+// func asmRdtscpAsm() (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmRdtscpAsm(SB), 7, $0
+	BYTE $0x0F; BYTE $0x01; BYTE $0xF9 // RDTSCP
+	MOVL AX, eax+0(FP)
+	MOVL BX, ebx+4(FP)
+	MOVL CX, ecx+8(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+12(FP)
+	RET

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/cpuid_amd64.s

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Klaus Post, released under MIT License. See LICENSE file.
+
+//+build amd64,!gccgo
+
+// func asmCpuid(op uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmCpuid(SB), 7, $0
+	XORQ CX, CX
+	MOVL op+0(FP), AX
+	CPUID
+	MOVL AX, eax+8(FP)
+	MOVL BX, ebx+12(FP)
+	MOVL CX, ecx+16(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+20(FP)
+	RET
+
+// func asmCpuidex(op, op2 uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmCpuidex(SB), 7, $0
+	MOVL op+0(FP), AX
+	MOVL op2+4(FP), CX
+	CPUID
+	MOVL AX, eax+8(FP)
+	MOVL BX, ebx+12(FP)
+	MOVL CX, ecx+16(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+20(FP)
+	RET
+
+// func asmXgetbv(index uint32) (eax, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmXgetbv(SB), 7, $0
+	MOVL index+0(FP), CX
+	BYTE $0x0f; BYTE $0x01; BYTE $0xd0 // XGETBV
+	MOVL AX, eax+8(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+12(FP)
+	RET
+
+// func asmRdtscpAsm() (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+TEXT ·asmRdtscpAsm(SB), 7, $0
+	BYTE $0x0F; BYTE $0x01; BYTE $0xF9 // RDTSCP
+	MOVL AX, eax+0(FP)
+	MOVL BX, ebx+4(FP)
+	MOVL CX, ecx+8(FP)
+	MOVL DX, edx+12(FP)
+	RET

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/detect_intel.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Klaus Post, released under MIT License. See LICENSE file.
+
+// +build 386,!gccgo amd64,!gccgo
+
+package cpuid
+
+func asmCpuid(op uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+func asmCpuidex(op, op2 uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+func asmXgetbv(index uint32) (eax, edx uint32)
+func asmRdtscpAsm() (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+
+func initCPU() {
+	cpuid = asmCpuid
+	cpuidex = asmCpuidex
+	xgetbv = asmXgetbv
+	rdtscpAsm = asmRdtscpAsm
+}

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/detect_ref.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Klaus Post, released under MIT License. See LICENSE file.
+
+// +build !amd64,!386 gccgo
+
+package cpuid
+
+func initCPU() {
+	cpuid = func(op uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32) {
+		return 0, 0, 0, 0
+	}
+
+	cpuidex = func(op, op2 uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32) {
+		return 0, 0, 0, 0
+	}
+
+	xgetbv = func(index uint32) (eax, edx uint32) {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+
+	rdtscpAsm = func() (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32) {
+		return 0, 0, 0, 0
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/generate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package cpuid
+
+//go:generate go run private-gen.go

vendor/github.com/SvenDowideit/cpuid/private-gen.go

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/printer"
+	"go/token"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+var inFiles = []string{"cpuid.go", "cpuid_test.go"}
+var copyFiles = []string{"cpuid_amd64.s", "cpuid_386.s", "detect_ref.go", "detect_intel.go"}
+var fileSet = token.NewFileSet()
+var reWrites = []rewrite{
+	initRewrite("CPUInfo -> cpuInfo"),
+	initRewrite("Vendor -> vendor"),
+	initRewrite("Flags -> flags"),
+	initRewrite("Detect -> detect"),
+	initRewrite("CPU -> cpu"),
+}
+var excludeNames = map[string]bool{"string": true, "join": true, "trim": true,
+	// cpuid_test.go
+	"t": true, "println": true, "logf": true, "log": true, "fatalf": true, "fatal": true,
+}
+
+var excludePrefixes = []string{"test", "benchmark"}
+
+func main() {
+	Package := "private"
+	parserMode := parser.ParseComments
+	exported := make(map[string]rewrite)
+	for _, file := range inFiles {
+		in, err := os.Open(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("opening input", err)
+		}
+
+		src, err := ioutil.ReadAll(in)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("reading input", err)
+		}
+
+		astfile, err := parser.ParseFile(fileSet, file, src, parserMode)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("parsing input", err)
+		}
+
+		for _, rw := range reWrites {
+			astfile = rw(astfile)
+		}
+
+		// Inspect the AST and print all identifiers and literals.
+		var startDecl token.Pos
+		var endDecl token.Pos
+		ast.Inspect(astfile, func(n ast.Node) bool {
+			var s string
+			switch x := n.(type) {
+			case *ast.Ident:
+				if x.IsExported() {
+					t := strings.ToLower(x.Name)
+					for _, pre := range excludePrefixes {
+						if strings.HasPrefix(t, pre) {
+							return true
+						}
+					}
+					if excludeNames[t] != true {
+						//if x.Pos() > startDecl && x.Pos() < endDecl {
+						exported[x.Name] = initRewrite(x.Name + " -> " + t)
+					}
+				}
+
+			case *ast.GenDecl:
+				if x.Tok == token.CONST && x.Lparen > 0 {
+					startDecl = x.Lparen
+					endDecl = x.Rparen
+					// fmt.Printf("Decl:%s -> %s\n", fileSet.Position(startDecl), fileSet.Position(endDecl))
+				}
+			}
+			if s != "" {
+				fmt.Printf("%s:\t%s\n", fileSet.Position(n.Pos()), s)
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+
+		for _, rw := range exported {
+			astfile = rw(astfile)
+		}
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+		printer.Fprint(&buf, fileSet, astfile)
+
+		// Remove package documentation and insert information
+		s := buf.String()
+		ind := strings.Index(buf.String(), "\npackage cpuid")
+		s = s[ind:]
+		s = "// Generated, DO NOT EDIT,\n" +
+			"// but copy it to your own project and rename the package.\n" +
+			"// See more at http://github.com/klauspost/cpuid\n" +
+			s
+
+		outputName := Package + string(os.PathSeparator) + file
+
+		err = ioutil.WriteFile(outputName, []byte(s), 0644)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+		log.Println("Generated", outputName)
+	}
+
+	for _, file := range copyFiles {
+		dst := ""
+		if strings.HasPrefix(file, "cpuid") {
+			dst = Package + string(os.PathSeparator) + file
+		} else {
+			dst = Package + string(os.PathSeparator) + "cpuid_" + file
+		}
+		err := copyFile(file, dst)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("copying file: %s", err)
+		}
+		log.Println("Copied", dst)
+	}
+}
+
+// CopyFile copies a file from src to dst. If src and dst files exist, and are
+// the same, then return success. Copy the file contents from src to dst.
+func copyFile(src, dst string) (err error) {
+	sfi, err := os.Stat(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !sfi.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		// cannot copy non-regular files (e.g., directories,
+		// symlinks, devices, etc.)
+		return fmt.Errorf("CopyFile: non-regular source file %s (%q)", sfi.Name(), sfi.Mode().String())
+	}
+	dfi, err := os.Stat(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		if !(dfi.Mode().IsRegular()) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("CopyFile: non-regular destination file %s (%q)", dfi.Name(), dfi.Mode().String())
+		}
+		if os.SameFile(sfi, dfi) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	err = copyFileContents(src, dst)
+	return
+}
+
+// copyFileContents copies the contents of the file named src to the file named
+// by dst. The file will be created if it does not already exist. If the
+// destination file exists, all it's contents will be replaced by the contents
+// of the source file.
+func copyFileContents(src, dst string) (err error) {
+	in, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer in.Close()
+	out, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		cerr := out.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	if _, err = io.Copy(out, in); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	err = out.Sync()
+	return
+}
+
+type rewrite func(*ast.File) *ast.File
+
+// Mostly copied from gofmt
+func initRewrite(rewriteRule string) rewrite {
+	f := strings.Split(rewriteRule, "->")
+	if len(f) != 2 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "rewrite rule must be of the form 'pattern -> replacement'\n")
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+	pattern := parseExpr(f[0], "pattern")
+	replace := parseExpr(f[1], "replacement")
+	return func(p *ast.File) *ast.File { return rewriteFile(pattern, replace, p) }
+}
+
+// parseExpr parses s as an expression.
+// It might make sense to expand this to allow statement patterns,
+// but there are problems with preserving formatting and also
+// with what a wildcard for a statement looks like.
+func parseExpr(s, what string) ast.Expr {
+	x, err := parser.ParseExpr(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "parsing %s %s at %s\n", what, s, err)
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+	return x
+}
+
+// Keep this function for debugging.
+/*
+func dump(msg string, val reflect.Value) {
+	fmt.Printf("%s:\n", msg)
+	ast.Print(fileSet, val.Interface())
+	fmt.Println()
+}
+*/
+
+// rewriteFile applies the rewrite rule 'pattern -> replace' to an entire file.
+func rewriteFile(pattern, replace ast.Expr, p *ast.File) *ast.File {
+	cmap := ast.NewCommentMap(fileSet, p, p.Comments)
+	m := make(map[string]reflect.Value)
+	pat := reflect.ValueOf(pattern)
+	repl := reflect.ValueOf(replace)
+
+	var rewriteVal func(val reflect.Value) reflect.Value
+	rewriteVal = func(val reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+		// don't bother if val is invalid to start with
+		if !val.IsValid() {
+			return reflect.Value{}
+		}
+		for k := range m {
+			delete(m, k)
+		}
+		val = apply(rewriteVal, val)
+		if match(m, pat, val) {
+			val = subst(m, repl, reflect.ValueOf(val.Interface().(ast.Node).Pos()))
+		}
+		return val
+	}
+
+	r := apply(rewriteVal, reflect.ValueOf(p)).Interface().(*ast.File)
+	r.Comments = cmap.Filter(r).Comments() // recreate comments list
+	return r
+}
+
+// set is a wrapper for x.Set(y); it protects the caller from panics if x cannot be changed to y.
+func set(x, y reflect.Value) {
+	// don't bother if x cannot be set or y is invalid
+	if !x.CanSet() || !y.IsValid() {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if x := recover(); x != nil {
+			if s, ok := x.(string); ok &&
+				(strings.Contains(s, "type mismatch") || strings.Contains(s, "not assignable")) {
+				// x cannot be set to y - ignore this rewrite
+				return
+			}
+			panic(x)
+		}
+	}()
+	x.Set(y)
+}
+
+// Values/types for special cases.
+var (
+	objectPtrNil = reflect.ValueOf((*ast.Object)(nil))
+	scopePtrNil  = reflect.ValueOf((*ast.Scope)(nil))
+
+	identType     = reflect.TypeOf((*ast.Ident)(nil))
+	objectPtrType = reflect.TypeOf((*ast.Object)(nil))
+	positionType  = reflect.TypeOf(token.NoPos)
+	callExprType  = reflect.TypeOf((*ast.CallExpr)(nil))
+	scopePtrType  = reflect.TypeOf((*ast.Scope)(nil))
+)
+
+// apply replaces each AST field x in val with f(x), returning val.
+// To avoid extra conversions, f operates on the reflect.Value form.
+func apply(f func(reflect.Value) reflect.Value, val reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+	if !val.IsValid() {
+		return reflect.Value{}
+	}
+
+	// *ast.Objects introduce cycles and are likely incorrect after
+	// rewrite; don't follow them but replace with nil instead
+	if val.Type() == objectPtrType {
+		return objectPtrNil
+	}
+
+	// similarly for scopes: they are likely incorrect after a rewrite;
+	// replace them with nil
+	if val.Type() == scopePtrType {
+		return scopePtrNil
+	}
+
+	switch v := reflect.Indirect(val); v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			e := v.Index(i)
+			set(e, f(e))
+		}
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
+			e := v.Field(i)
+			set(e, f(e))
+		}
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		e := v.Elem()
+		set(v, f(e))
+	}
+	return val
+}
+
+func isWildcard(s string) bool {
+	rune, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
+	return size == len(s) && unicode.IsLower(rune)
+}
+
+// match returns true if pattern matches val,
+// recording wildcard submatches in m.
+// If m == nil, match checks whether pattern == val.
+func match(m map[string]reflect.Value, pattern, val reflect.Value) bool {
+	// Wildcard matches any expression.  If it appears multiple
+	// times in the pattern, it must match the same expression
+	// each time.
+	if m != nil && pattern.IsValid() && pattern.Type() == identType {
+		name := pattern.Interface().(*ast.Ident).Name
+		if isWildcard(name) && val.IsValid() {
+			// wildcards only match valid (non-nil) expressions.
+			if _, ok := val.Interface().(ast.Expr); ok && !val.IsNil() {
+				if old, ok := m[name]; ok {
+					return match(nil, old, val)
+				}
+				m[name] = val
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, pattern and val must match recursively.
+	if !pattern.IsValid() || !val.IsValid() {
+		return !pattern.IsValid() && !val.IsValid()
+	}
+	if pattern.Type() != val.Type() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Special cases.
+	switch pattern.Type() {
+	case identType:
+		// For identifiers, only the names need to match
+		// (and none of the other *ast.Object information).
+		// This is a common case, handle it all here instead
+		// of recursing down any further via reflection.
+		p := pattern.Interface().(*ast.Ident)
+		v := val.Interface().(*ast.Ident)
+		return p == nil && v == nil || p != nil && v != nil && p.Name == v.Name
+	case objectPtrType, positionType:
+		// object pointers and token positions always match
+		return true
+	case callExprType:
+		// For calls, the Ellipsis fields (token.Position) must
+		// match since that is how f(x) and f(x...) are different.
+		// Check them here but fall through for the remaining fields.
+		p := pattern.Interface().(*ast.CallExpr)
+		v := val.Interface().(*ast.CallExpr)
+		if p.Ellipsis.IsValid() != v.Ellipsis.IsValid() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := reflect.Indirect(pattern)
+	v := reflect.Indirect(val)
+	if !p.IsValid() || !v.IsValid() {
+		return !p.IsValid() && !v.IsValid()
+	}
+
+	switch p.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if p.Len() != v.Len() {
+			return false
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < p.Len(); i++ {
+			if !match(m, p.Index(i), v.Index(i)) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < p.NumField(); i++ {
+			if !match(m, p.Field(i), v.Field(i)) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		return match(m, p.Elem(), v.Elem())
+	}
+
+	// Handle token integers, etc.
+	return p.Interface() == v.Interface()
+}
+
+// subst returns a copy of pattern with values from m substituted in place
+// of wildcards and pos used as the position of tokens from the pattern.
+// if m == nil, subst returns a copy of pattern and doesn't change the line
+// number information.
+func subst(m map[string]reflect.Value, pattern reflect.Value, pos reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+	if !pattern.IsValid() {
+		return reflect.Value{}
+	}
+
+	// Wildcard gets replaced with map value.
+	if m != nil && pattern.Type() == identType {
+		name := pattern.Interface().(*ast.Ident).Name
+		if isWildcard(name) {
+			if old, ok := m[name]; ok {
+				return subst(nil, old, reflect.Value{})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if pos.IsValid() && pattern.Type() == positionType {
+		// use new position only if old position was valid in the first place
+		if old := pattern.Interface().(token.Pos); !old.IsValid() {
+			return pattern
+		}
+		return pos
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise copy.
+	switch p := pattern; p.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		v := reflect.MakeSlice(p.Type(), p.Len(), p.Len())
+		for i := 0; i < p.Len(); i++ {
+			v.Index(i).Set(subst(m, p.Index(i), pos))
+		}
+		return v
+
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		v := reflect.New(p.Type()).Elem()
+		for i := 0; i < p.NumField(); i++ {
+			v.Field(i).Set(subst(m, p.Field(i), pos))
+		}
+		return v
+
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		v := reflect.New(p.Type()).Elem()
+		if elem := p.Elem(); elem.IsValid() {
+			v.Set(subst(m, elem, pos).Addr())
+		}
+		return v
+
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		v := reflect.New(p.Type()).Elem()
+		if elem := p.Elem(); elem.IsValid() {
+			v.Set(subst(m, elem, pos))
+		}
+		return v
+	}
+
+	return pattern
+}