Docs: Update contributing documentation (#17557)

This PR adds more details about how to contribute to documentation.

docs/docs/contributing/documentation.mdx

@@ -3,24 +3,68 @@ sidebar_position: 3
 ---
 # Contribute Documentation
 
-The docs directory contains Documentation and API Reference.
+LangChain documentation consists of two components:
 
-Documentation is built using [Quarto](https://quarto.org) and [Docusaurus 2](https://docusaurus.io/).
+1. Main Documentation: Hosted at [python.langchain.com](https://python.langchain.com/),
+this comprehensive resource serves as the primary user-facing documentation.
+It covers a wide array of topics, including tutorials, use cases, integrations,
+and more, offering extensive guidance on building with LangChain.
+The content for this documentation lives in the `/docs` directory of the monorepo.
+2. In-code Documentation: This is documentation of the codebase itself, which is also
+used to generate the externally facing [API Reference](https://api.python.langchain.com/en/latest/langchain_api_reference.html).
+The content for the API reference is autogenerated by scanning the docstrings in the codebase. For this reason we ask that
+developers document their code well.
 
-API Reference are largely autogenerated by [sphinx](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/) from the code and are hosted by [Read the Docs](https://readthedocs.org/).
-For that reason, we ask that you add good documentation to all classes and methods.
+The main documentation is built using [Quarto](https://quarto.org) and [Docusaurus 2](https://docusaurus.io/).
 
-Similar to linting, we recognize documentation can be annoying. If you do not want to do it, please contact a project maintainer, and they can help you with it. We do not want this to be a blocker for good code getting contributed.
+The `API Reference` is largely autogenerated by [sphinx](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/)
+from the code and is hosted by [Read the Docs](https://readthedocs.org/).
 
-## Build Documentation Locally
+We appreciate all contributions to the documentation, whether it be fixing a typo,
+adding a new tutorial or example and whether it be in the main documentation or the API Reference.
+
+Similar to linting, we recognize documentation can be annoying. If you do not want
+to do it, please contact a project maintainer, and they can help you with it. We do not want this to be a blocker for good code getting contributed.
+
+## 📜 Main Documentation
+
+The content for the main documentation is located in the `/docs` directory of the monorepo.
+
+The documentation is written using a combination of ipython notebooks (`.ipynb` files)
+and markdown (`.mdx` files). The notebooks are converted to markdown
+using [Quarto](https://quarto.org) and then built using [Docusaurus 2](https://docusaurus.io/).
+
+Feel free to make contributions to the main documentation! 🥰
+
+After modifying the documentation:
+
+1. Run the linting and formatting commands (see below) to ensure that the documentation is well-formatted and free of errors.
+2. Optionally build the documentation locally to verify that the changes look good.
+3. Make a pull request with the changes.
+4. You can preview and verify that the changes are what you wanted by clicking the `View deployment` or `Visit Preview` buttons on the pull request `Conversation` page. This will take you to a preview of the documentation changes.
+
+## ⚒️ Linting and Building Documentation Locally
+
+After writing up the documentation, you may want to lint and build the documentation
+locally to ensure that it looks good and is free of errors.
+
+If you're unable to build it locally that's okay as well, as you will be able to
+see a preview of the documentation on the pull request page.
 
 ### Install dependencies
 
-- [Quarto](https://quarto.org) - package that converts Jupyter notebooks (`.ipynb` files) into mdx files for serving in Docusaurus.
-- `poetry install --with lint,docs --no-root` from the monorepo root.
+- [Quarto](https://quarto.org) - package that converts Jupyter notebooks (`.ipynb` files) into mdx files for serving in Docusaurus. [Download link](https://quarto.org/docs/download/).
+
+From the **monorepo root**, run the following command to install the dependencies:
+
+```bash
+poetry install --with lint,docs --no-root
+````
 
 ### Building
 
+The code that builds the documentation is located in the `/docs` directory of the monorepo.
+
 In the following commands, the prefix `api_` indicates that those are operations for the API Reference.
 
 Before building the documentation, it is always a good idea to clean the build directory:
@@ -46,7 +90,7 @@ make api_docs_linkcheck
 
 ### Linting and Formatting
 
-The docs are linted from the monorepo root. To lint the docs, run the following from there:
+The Main Documentation is linted from the **monorepo root**. To lint the main documentation, run the following from there:
 
 ```bash
 make lint
@@ -56,9 +100,73 @@ If you have formatting-related errors, you can fix them automatically with:
 
 ```bash
 make format
-``` 
+```
 
-## Verify Documentation changes
+## ⌨️ In-code Documentation
+
+The in-code documentation is largely autogenerated by [sphinx](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/) from the code and is hosted by [Read the Docs](https://readthedocs.org/).
+
+For the API reference to be useful, the codebase must be well-documented. This means that all functions, classes, and methods should have a docstring that explains what they do, what the arguments are, and what the return value is. This is a good practice in general, but it is especially important for LangChain because the API reference is the primary resource for developers to understand how to use the codebase.
+
+We generally follow the [Google Python Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings) for docstrings.
+
+Here is an example of a well-documented function:
+
+```python
+
+def my_function(arg1: int, arg2: str) -> float:
+    """This is a short description of the function. (It should be a single sentence.)
+
+    This is a longer description of the function. It should explain what
+    the function does, what the arguments are, and what the return value is.
+    It should wrap at 88 characters.
+
+    Examples:
+        This is a section for examples of how to use the function.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            my_function(1, "hello")
+
+    Args:
+        arg1: This is a description of arg1. We do not need to specify the type since
+            it is already specified in the function signature.
+        arg2: This is a description of arg2.
+
+    Returns:
+        This is a description of the return value.
+    """
+    return 3.14
+```
+
+### Linting and Formatting
+
+The in-code documentation is linted from the directories belonging to the packages
+being documented.
+
+For example, if you're working on the `langchain-community` package, you would change
+the working directory to the `langchain-community` directory:
+
+```bash
+cd [root]/libs/langchain-community
+```
+
+Set up a virtual environment for the package if you haven't done so already.
+
+Install the dependencies for the package.
+
+```bash
+poetry install --with lint
+```
+
+Then you can run the following commands to lint and format the in-code documentation:
+
+```bash
+make format
+make lint
+```
+
+## Verify Documentation Changes
 
 After pushing documentation changes to the repository, you can preview and verify that the changes are
 what you wanted by clicking the `View deployment` or `Visit Preview` buttons on the pull request `Conversation` page.