Bump to version v0.1.36

Signed-off-by: Daniel J Walsh <dwalsh@redhat.com>

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-/docs/skopeo.1
+*.1
 /layers-*
 /skopeo

.travis.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+language: go
 
 matrix:
   include:
@@ -21,4 +22,4 @@ install:
 
 script:
   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]];   then hack/travis_osx.sh ; fi
-  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then make check ; fi
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then make vendor && ./hack/tree_status.sh && make check ; fi

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ that we follow.
 ## Reporting Issues
 
 Before reporting an issue, check our backlog of 
-[open issues](https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo/issues)
+[open issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues)
 to see if someone else has already reported it. If so, feel free to add
 your scenario, or additional information, to the discussion. Or simply 
 "subscribe" to it to be notified when it is updated.
@@ -115,6 +115,35 @@ Use your real name (sorry, no pseudonyms or anonymous contributions.)
 If you set your `user.name` and `user.email` git configs, you can sign your
 commit automatically with `git commit -s`.
 
+### Dependencies management
+
+Make sure [`vndr`](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) is installed.
+
+In order to add a new dependency to this project:
+
+- add a new line to `vendor.conf` according to `vndr` rules (e.g. `github.com/pkg/errors master`)
+- run `make vendor`
+
+In order to update an existing dependency:
+
+- update the relevant dependency line in `vendor.conf`
+- run `make vendor`
+
+When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `skopeo` (i.e. `containers/image` tests fail in `make test-skopeo`):
+
+- create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
+- update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
+- run `make vendor`
+- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
+- optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
+- submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
+- iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed
+- then the original `containers/image` PR can be merged, disregarding its `make test-skopeo` failure
+- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, restore the `containers/image` line in `vendor.conf` to use `containers/image:master`
+- run `make vendor`
+- update the skopeo PR with the result, drop the “DO NOT MERGE” marking
+- after tests complete succcesfully again, merge the skopeo PR
+
 ## Communications
 
 For general questions, or discussions, please use the 
@@ -122,9 +151,9 @@ IRC group on `irc.freenode.net` called `container-projects`
 that has been setup.
 
 For discussions around issues/bugs and features, you can use the github
-[issues](https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo/issues)
+[issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues)
 and
-[PRs](https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo/pulls)
+[PRs](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/pulls)
 tracking system.
 
 <!--

Dockerfile

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ RUN set -x \
 RUN set -x \
 	&& export GOPATH=$(mktemp -d) \
 	&& git clone --depth 1 -b v1.5.0-alpha.3 git://github.com/openshift/origin "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin" \
+	# The sed edits out a "go < 1.5" check which works incorrectly with go ≥ 1.10. \
+	&& sed -i -e 's/\[\[ "\${go_version\[2]}" < "go1.5" ]]/false/' "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/hack/common.sh" \
 	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin" && make clean build && make all WHAT=cmd/dockerregistry) \
 	&& cp -a "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/_output/local/bin/linux"/*/* /usr/local/bin \
 	&& cp "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/images/dockerregistry/config.yml" /atomic-registry-config.yml \
@@ -40,8 +42,9 @@ RUN set -x \
 
 ENV GOPATH /usr/share/gocode:/go
 ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/share/gocode/bin:$PATH
-RUN go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
-WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo
-COPY . /go/src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo
+RUN go version
+RUN go get golang.org/x/lint/golint
+WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+COPY . /go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
 
 #ENTRYPOINT ["hack/dind"]

Dockerfile.build

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:17.04
+FROM ubuntu:18.10
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     golang \
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     libostree-dev
 
 ENV GOPATH=/
-WORKDIR /src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo
+WORKDIR /src/github.com/containers/skopeo

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: all binary build-container build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration
+.PHONY: all binary build-container docs docs-in-container build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration .install.vndr vendor
 
 export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1
 
@@ -22,58 +22,78 @@ CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR=${DESTDIR}/etc/containers
 REGISTRIESDDIR=${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}/registries.d
 SIGSTOREDIR=${DESTDIR}/var/lib/atomic/sigstore
 BASHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/bash-completion/completions
-GO_MD2MAN ?= go-md2man
 GO ?= go
+CONTAINER_RUNTIME := $(shell command -v podman 2> /dev/null || echo docker)
+GOMD2MAN ?= $(shell command -v go-md2man || echo '$(GOBIN)/go-md2man')
 
 ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
   override GOGCFLAGS += -N -l
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(shell go env GOOS), linux)
+ifeq ($(shell $(GO) env GOOS), linux)
   GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
 endif
 
 GIT_BRANCH := $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
-DOCKER_IMAGE := skopeo-dev$(if $(GIT_BRANCH),:$(GIT_BRANCH))
+IMAGE := skopeo-dev$(if $(GIT_BRANCH),:$(GIT_BRANCH))
 # set env like gobuildtag?
-DOCKER_FLAGS := docker run --rm -i #$(DOCKER_ENVS)
+CONTAINER_CMD := ${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm -i -e TESTFLAGS="$(TESTFLAGS)" #$(CONTAINER_ENVS)
 # if this session isn't interactive, then we don't want to allocate a
 # TTY, which would fail, but if it is interactive, we do want to attach
 # so that the user can send e.g. ^C through.
 INTERACTIVE := $(shell [ -t 0 ] && echo 1 || echo 0)
 ifeq ($(INTERACTIVE), 1)
-	DOCKER_FLAGS += -t
+	CONTAINER_CMD += -t
 endif
-DOCKER_RUN_DOCKER := $(DOCKER_FLAGS) "$(DOCKER_IMAGE)"
+CONTAINER_RUN := $(CONTAINER_CMD) "$(IMAGE)"
 
 GIT_COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
 
 MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
+MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
 
-BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh)
+BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
 LIBDM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libdm_tag.sh)
-LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(DARWIN_BUILD_TAG)
+OSTREE_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/ostree_tag.sh)
+LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(OSTREE_BUILD_TAG) $(DARWIN_BUILD_TAG)
 BUILDTAGS += $(LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS)
 
+ifeq ($(DISABLE_CGO), 1)
+	override BUILDTAGS = containers_image_ostree_stub exclude_graphdriver_devicemapper exclude_graphdriver_btrfs containers_image_openpgp
+endif
+
 #   make all DEBUG=1
 #     Note: Uses the -N -l go compiler options to disable compiler optimizations
 #           and inlining. Using these build options allows you to subsequently
 #           use source debugging tools like delve.
-all: binary docs
+all: binary docs-in-container
 
-# Build a docker image (skopeobuild) that has everything we need to build.
+help:
+	@echo "Usage: make <target>"
+	@echo
+	@echo " * 'install' - Install binaries and documents to system locations"
+	@echo " * 'binary' - Build skopeo with a container"
+	@echo " * 'binary-local' - Build skopeo locally"
+	@echo " * 'test-unit' - Execute unit tests"
+	@echo " * 'test-integration' - Execute integration tests"
+	@echo " * 'validate' - Verify whether there is no conflict and all Go source files have been formatted, linted and vetted"
+	@echo " * 'check' - Including above validate, test-integration and test-unit"
+	@echo " * 'shell' - Run the built image and attach to a shell"
+	@echo " * 'clean' - Clean artifacts"
+
+# Build a container image (skopeobuild) that has everything we need to build.
 # Then do the build and the output (skopeo) should appear in current dir
 binary: cmd/skopeo
-	docker build ${DOCKER_BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
-	docker run --rm --security-opt label:disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo \
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
 		skopeobuildimage make binary-local $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 binary-static: cmd/skopeo
-	docker build ${DOCKER_BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
-	docker run --rm --security-opt label:disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo \
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
 		skopeobuildimage make binary-local-static $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
-# Build w/o using Docker containers
+# Build w/o using containers
 binary-local:
 	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build ${GO_DYN_FLAGS} -ldflags "-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
 
@@ -81,13 +101,17 @@ binary-local-static:
 	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build -ldflags "-extldflags \"-static\" -X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
 
 build-container:
-	docker build ${DOCKER_BUILD_ARGS} -t "$(DOCKER_IMAGE)" .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -t "$(IMAGE)" .
 
-docs/%.1: docs/%.1.md
-	$(GO_MD2MAN) -in $< -out $@.tmp && touch $@.tmp && mv $@.tmp $@
+$(MANPAGES): %: %.md
+	@sed -e 's/\((skopeo.*\.md)\)//' -e 's/\[\(skopeo.*\)\]/\1/' $<  | $(GOMD2MAN) -in /dev/stdin -out $@
 
-.PHONY: docs
-docs: $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
+docs: $(MANPAGES)
+
+docs-in-container:
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
+		skopeobuildimage make docs $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 clean:
 	rm -f skopeo docs/*.1
@@ -103,29 +127,29 @@ install-binary: ./skopeo
 	install -d -m 755 ${INSTALLDIR}
 	install -m 755 skopeo ${INSTALLDIR}/skopeo
 
-install-docs: docs/skopeo.1
+install-docs: docs
 	install -d -m 755 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1
-	install -m 644 docs/skopeo.1 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1/skopeo.1
+	install -m 644 docs/*.1 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1/
 
 install-completions:
 	install -m 755 -d ${BASHINSTALLDIR}
 	install -m 644 completions/bash/skopeo ${BASHINSTALLDIR}/skopeo
 
 shell: build-container
-	$(DOCKER_RUN_DOCKER) bash
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash
 
 check: validate test-unit test-integration
 
 # The tests can run out of entropy and block in containers, so replace /dev/random.
 test-integration: build-container
-	$(DOCKER_RUN_DOCKER) bash -c 'rm -f /dev/random; ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random; SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-integration'
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash -c 'rm -f /dev/random; ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random; SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-integration'
 
 test-unit: build-container
 	# Just call (make test unit-local) here instead of worrying about environment differences, e.g. GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT.
-	$(DOCKER_RUN_DOCKER) make test-unit-local BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) make test-unit-local BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 validate: build-container
-	$(DOCKER_RUN_DOCKER) hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
 
 # This target is only intended for development, e.g. executing it from an IDE. Use (make test) for CI or pre-release testing.
 test-all-local: validate-local test-unit-local
@@ -134,4 +158,12 @@ validate-local:
 	hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
 
 test-unit-local:
-	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) test -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/projectatomic/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
+	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) test -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/containers/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
+
+.install.vndr:
+	$(GO) get -u github.com/LK4D4/vndr
+
+vendor: vendor.conf .install.vndr
+	$(GOPATH)/bin/vndr \
+		-whitelist '^github.com/containers/image/docs/.*' \
+		-whitelist '^github.com/containers/image/registries.conf'

README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
-skopeo [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/projectatomic/skopeo.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/projectatomic/skopeo)
+skopeo [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/containers/skopeo.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/containers/skopeo)
 =
 
-`skopeo` is a command line utility that performs various operations on container images and image repositories.  Skopeo works with API V2 registries such as Docker registries, the Atomic registry, private registries, local directories and local OCI-layout directories.  Skopeo does not require a daemon to be running to perform these operations which consist of:
+<img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/master/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250">
+
+----
+
+`skopeo` is a command line utility that performs various operations on container images and image repositories.
+
+`skopeo` can work with [OCI images](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec) as well as the original Docker v2 images.
+
+Skopeo works with API V2 registries such as Docker registries, the Atomic registry, private registries, local directories and local OCI-layout directories.  Skopeo does not require a daemon to be running to perform these operations which consist of:
 
- * Inspecting an image showing its properties including its layers.
  * Copying an image from and to various storage mechanisms.
+   For example you can copy images from one registry to another, without requiring privilege.
+ * Inspecting a remote image showing its properties including its layers, without requiring you to pull the image to the host.
  * Deleting an image from an image repository.
  * When required by the repository, skopeo can pass the appropriate credentials and certificates for authentication.
 
@@ -75,9 +84,20 @@ $ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora:rawhide | jq '.Digest'
 
 Copying images
 -
-`skopeo` can copy container images between various storage mechanisms,
-e.g. Docker registries (including the Docker Hub), the Atomic Registry,
-local directories, and local OCI-layout directories:
+`skopeo` can copy container images between various storage mechanisms, including:
+* Docker distribution based registries
+
+  -  The Docker Hub, OpenShift, GCR, Artifactory, Quay ...
+
+* Container Storage backends
+
+  -  Docker daemon storage
+
+  -  github.com/containers/storage (Backend for CRI-O, Buildah and friends)
+
+* Local directories
+
+* Local OCI-layout directories
 
 ```sh
 $ skopeo copy docker://busybox:1-glibc atomic:myns/unsigned:streaming
@@ -129,8 +149,16 @@ $ skopeo copy --src-creds=testuser:testpassword docker://myregistrydomain.com:50
 If your cli config is found but it doesn't contain the necessary credentials for the queried registry
 you'll get an error. You can fix this by either logging in (via `docker login`) or providing `--creds` or `--src-creds|--dest-creds`.
 
-Building
+
+Obtaining skopeo
 -
+`skopeo` may already be packaged in your distribution, for example on Fedora 23 and later you can install it using
+```sh
+$ sudo dnf install skopeo
+```
+
+Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
+
 To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.5 because it uses the latest `GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT` flag.
 
 There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a container.  Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.
@@ -144,14 +172,15 @@ Building without a container requires a bit more manual work and setup in your e
 Install the necessary dependencies:
 ```sh
 Fedora$ sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel ostree-devel
+Ubuntu$ sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev btrfs-progs libdevmapper-dev libostree-dev
 macOS$ brew install gpgme
 ```
 
 Make sure to clone this repository in your `GOPATH` - otherwise compilation fails.
 
 ```sh
-$ git clone https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo
-$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/projectatomic/skopeo && make binary-local
+$ git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make binary-local
 ```
 
 ### Building in a container
@@ -163,6 +192,12 @@ Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:
 $ make binary # Or (make all) to also build documentation, see below.
 ```
 
+To build a pure-Go static binary (disables ostree, devicemapper, btrfs, and gpgme):
+
+```sh
+$ make binary-static DISABLE_CGO=1
+```
+
 ### Building documentation
 To build the manual you will need go-md2man.
 ```sh
@@ -174,16 +209,12 @@ Then
 $ make docs
 ```
 
-Installing
--
-If you built from source:
+### Installation
+Finally, after the binary and documentation is built:
 ```sh
 $ sudo make install
 ```
-`skopeo` is also available from Fedora 23 (and later):
-```sh
-$ sudo dnf install skopeo
-```
+
 TODO
 -
 - list all images on registry?
@@ -198,34 +229,7 @@ NOT TODO
 CONTRIBUTING
 -
 
-### Dependencies management
-
-`skopeo` uses [`vndr`](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) for dependencies management.
-
-In order to add a new dependency to this project:
-
-- add a new line to `vendor.conf` according to `vndr` rules (e.g. `github.com/pkg/errors master`)
-- run `vndr github.com/pkg/errors`
-
-In order to update an existing dependency:
-
-- update the relevant dependency line in `vendor.conf`
-- run `vndr github.com/pkg/errors`
-
-When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `skopeo` (i.e. `containers/image` tests fail in `make test-skopeo`):
-
-- create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
-- update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
-- run `vndr github.com/containers/image`
-- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
-- optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
-- submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
-- iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed
-- then the original `containers/image` PR can be merged, disregarding its `make test-skopeo` failure
-- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, restore the `containers/image` line in `vendor.conf` to use `containers/image:master`
-- run `vndr github.com/containers/image`
-- update the skopeo PR with the result, drop the “DO NOT MERGE” marking
-- after tests complete succcesfully again, merge the skopeo PR
+Please read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) if you want to collaborate in the project.
 
 License
 -

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -3,71 +3,43 @@ package main
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
+	"io"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/copy"
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
-	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-// contextsFromGlobalOptions returns source and destionation types.SystemContext depending on c.
-func contextsFromGlobalOptions(c *cli.Context) (*types.SystemContext, *types.SystemContext, error) {
-	sourceCtx, err := contextFromGlobalOptions(c, "src-")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
+type copyOptions struct {
+	global            *globalOptions
+	srcImage          *imageOptions
+	destImage         *imageDestOptions
+	additionalTags    cli.StringSlice // For docker-archive: destinations, in addition to the name:tag specified as destination, also add these
+	removeSignatures  bool            // Do not copy signatures from the source image
+	signByFingerprint string          // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
+	format            optionalString  // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
+	quiet             bool            // Suppress output information when copying images
 
-	destinationCtx, err := contextFromGlobalOptions(c, "dest-")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	return sourceCtx, destinationCtx, nil
 }
 
-func copyHandler(context *cli.Context) error {
-	if len(context.Args()) != 2 {
-		return errors.New("Usage: copy source destination")
+func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	srcFlags, srcOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "src-", "screds")
+	destFlags, destOpts := imageDestFlags(global, sharedOpts, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	opts := copyOptions{global: global,
+		srcImage:  srcOpts,
+		destImage: destOpts,
 	}
 
-	policyContext, err := getPolicyContext(context)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error loading trust policy: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer policyContext.Destroy()
-
-	srcRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(context.Args()[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", context.Args()[0], err)
-	}
-	destRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(context.Args()[1])
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid destination name %s: %v", context.Args()[1], err)
-	}
-	signBy := context.String("sign-by")
-	removeSignatures := context.Bool("remove-signatures")
-
-	sourceCtx, destinationCtx, err := contextsFromGlobalOptions(context)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return copy.Image(policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
-		RemoveSignatures: removeSignatures,
-		SignBy:           signBy,
-		ReportWriter:     os.Stdout,
-		SourceCtx:        sourceCtx,
-		DestinationCtx:   destinationCtx,
-	})
-}
-
-var copyCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:  "copy",
-	Usage: "Copy an IMAGE-NAME from one location to another",
-	Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:  "copy",
+		Usage: "Copy an IMAGE-NAME from one location to another",
+		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
 
 	Container "IMAGE-NAME" uses a "transport":"details" format.
 
@@ -76,60 +48,112 @@ var copyCmd = cli.Command{
 
 	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-	ArgsUsage: "SOURCE-IMAGE DESTINATION-IMAGE",
-	Action:    copyHandler,
-	// FIXME: Do we need to namespace the GPG aspect?
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "remove-signatures",
-			Usage: "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "sign-by",
-			Usage: "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "src-creds, screds",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the source registry",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "dest-creds, dcreds",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the destination registry",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "src-cert-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry",
-		},
-		cli.BoolTFlag{
-			Name:  "src-tls-verify",
-			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container source registry (defaults to true)",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "dest-cert-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry",
-		},
-		cli.BoolTFlag{
-			Name:  "dest-tls-verify",
-			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container destination registry (defaults to true)",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "dest-ostree-tmp-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "`DIRECTORY` to use for OSTree temporary files",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "src-shared-blob-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "`DIRECTORY` to use to fetch retrieved blobs (OCI layout sources only)",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "dest-shared-blob-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "`DIRECTORY` to use to store retrieved blobs (OCI layout destinations only)",
-		},
-	},
+		ArgsUsage: "SOURCE-IMAGE DESTINATION-IMAGE",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		// FIXME: Do we need to namespace the GPG aspect?
+		Flags: append(append(append([]cli.Flag{
+			cli.StringSliceFlag{
+				Name:  "additional-tag",
+				Usage: "additional tags (supports docker-archive)",
+				Value: &opts.additionalTags, // Surprisingly StringSliceFlag does not support Destination:, but modifies Value: in place.
+			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "quiet, q",
+				Usage:       "Suppress output information when copying images",
+				Destination: &opts.quiet,
+			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "remove-signatures",
+				Usage:       "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE",
+				Destination: &opts.removeSignatures,
+			},
+			cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:        "sign-by",
+				Usage:       "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`",
+				Destination: &opts.signByFingerprint,
+			},
+			cli.GenericFlag{
+				Name:  "format, f",
+				Usage: "`MANIFEST TYPE` (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)",
+				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.format),
+			},
+		}, sharedFlags...), srcFlags...), destFlags...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		return errorShouldDisplayUsage{errors.New("Exactly two arguments expected")}
+	}
+	imageNames := args
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	policyContext, err := opts.global.getPolicyContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error loading trust policy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer policyContext.Destroy()
+
+	srcRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", imageNames[0], err)
+	}
+	destRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid destination name %s: %v", imageNames[1], err)
+	}
+
+	sourceCtx, err := opts.srcImage.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	destinationCtx, err := opts.destImage.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var manifestType string
+	if opts.format.present {
+		switch opts.format.value {
+		case "oci":
+			manifestType = imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest
+		case "v2s1":
+			manifestType = manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType
+		case "v2s2":
+			manifestType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown format %q. Choose one of the supported formats: 'oci', 'v2s1', or 'v2s2'", opts.format.value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, image := range opts.additionalTags {
+		ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(image)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error parsing additional-tag '%s': %v", image, err)
+		}
+		namedTagged, isNamedTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
+		if !isNamedTagged {
+			return fmt.Errorf("additional-tag '%s' must be a tagged reference", image)
+		}
+		destinationCtx.DockerArchiveAdditionalTags = append(destinationCtx.DockerArchiveAdditionalTags, namedTagged)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if opts.quiet {
+		stdout = nil
+	}
+	_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
+		RemoveSignatures:      opts.removeSignatures,
+		SignBy:                opts.signByFingerprint,
+		ReportWriter:          stdout,
+		SourceCtx:             sourceCtx,
+		DestinationCtx:        destinationCtx,
+		ForceManifestMIMEType: manifestType,
+	})
+	return err
 }

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
@@ -10,27 +11,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-func deleteHandler(context *cli.Context) error {
-	if len(context.Args()) != 1 {
-		return errors.New("Usage: delete imageReference")
-	}
-
-	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(context.Args()[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", context.Args()[0], err)
-	}
-
-	ctx, err := contextFromGlobalOptions(context, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return ref.DeleteImage(ctx)
+type deleteOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+	image  *imageOptions
 }
 
-var deleteCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:  "delete",
-	Usage: "Delete image IMAGE-NAME",
-	Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+func deleteCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	opts := deleteOptions{
+		global: global,
+		image:  imageOpts,
+	}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:  "delete",
+		Usage: "Delete image IMAGE-NAME",
+		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
 	Delete an "IMAGE_NAME" from a transport
 
 	Supported transports:
@@ -38,22 +34,33 @@ var deleteCmd = cli.Command{
 
 	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-	ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
-	Action:    deleteHandler,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "creds",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "cert-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry",
-		},
-		cli.BoolTFlag{
-			Name:  "tls-verify",
-			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)",
-		},
-	},
+		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Flags:     append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *deleteOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: delete imageReference")
+	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", imageName, err)
+	}
+
+	sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+	return ref.DeleteImage(ctx, sys)
 }

cmd/skopeo/flag.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// optionalBool is a boolean with a separate presence flag.
+type optionalBool struct {
+	present bool
+	value   bool
+}
+
+// optionalBool is a cli.Generic == flag.Value implementation equivalent to
+// the one underlying flag.Bool, except that it records whether the flag has been set.
+// This is distinct from optionalBool to (pretend to) force callers to use
+// newOptionalBool
+type optionalBoolValue optionalBool
+
+func newOptionalBoolValue(p *optionalBool) cli.Generic {
+	p.present = false
+	return (*optionalBoolValue)(p)
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) Set(s string) error {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ob.value = v
+	ob.present = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) String() string {
+	if !ob.present {
+		return "" // This is, sadly, not round-trip safe: --flag is interpreted as --flag=true
+	}
+	return strconv.FormatBool(ob.value)
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) IsBoolFlag() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// optionalString is a string with a separate presence flag.
+type optionalString struct {
+	present bool
+	value   string
+}
+
+// optionalString is a cli.Generic == flag.Value implementation equivalent to
+// the one underlying flag.String, except that it records whether the flag has been set.
+// This is distinct from optionalString to (pretend to) force callers to use
+// newoptionalString
+type optionalStringValue optionalString
+
+func newOptionalStringValue(p *optionalString) cli.Generic {
+	p.present = false
+	return (*optionalStringValue)(p)
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalStringValue) Set(s string) error {
+	ob.value = s
+	ob.present = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalStringValue) String() string {
+	if !ob.present {
+		return "" // This is, sadly, not round-trip safe: --flag= is interpreted as {present:true, value:""}
+	}
+	return ob.value
+}

cmd/skopeo/flag_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func TestOptionalBoolSet(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input    string
+		accepted bool
+		value    bool
+	}{
+		// Valid inputs documented for strconv.ParseBool == flag.BoolVar
+		{"1", true, true},
+		{"t", true, true},
+		{"T", true, true},
+		{"TRUE", true, true},
+		{"true", true, true},
+		{"True", true, true},
+		{"0", true, false},
+		{"f", true, false},
+		{"F", true, false},
+		{"FALSE", true, false},
+		{"false", true, false},
+		{"False", true, false},
+		// A few invalid inputs
+		{"", false, false},
+		{"yes", false, false},
+		{"no", false, false},
+		{"2", false, false},
+	} {
+		var ob optionalBool
+		v := newOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
+		require.False(t, ob.present)
+		err := v.Set(c.input)
+		if c.accepted {
+			assert.NoError(t, err, c.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.value, ob.value)
+		} else {
+			assert.Error(t, err, c.input)
+			assert.False(t, ob.present) // Just to be extra paranoid.
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Nothing actually explicitly says that .Set() is never called when the flag is not present on the command line;
+	// so, check that it is not being called, at least in the straightforward case (it's not possible to test that it
+	// is not called in any possible situation).
+	var globalOB, commandOB optionalBool
+	actionRun := false
+	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  "global-OB",
+			Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&globalOB),
+		},
+	}
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+		Name: "cmd",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			cli.GenericFlag{
+				Name:  "command-OB",
+				Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&commandOB),
+			},
+		},
+		Action: func(*cli.Context) error {
+			assert.False(t, globalOB.present)
+			assert.False(t, commandOB.present)
+			actionRun = true
+			return nil
+		},
+	}}
+	err := app.Run([]string{"app", "cmd"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, actionRun)
+}
+
+func TestOptionalBoolString(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input    optionalBool
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, "true"},
+		{optionalBool{present: true, value: false}, "false"},
+		{optionalBool{present: false, value: true}, ""},
+		{optionalBool{present: false, value: false}, ""},
+	} {
+		var ob optionalBool
+		v := newOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
+		ob = c.input
+		res := v.String()
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionalBoolIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	// IsBoolFlag means that the argument value must either be part of the same argument, with =;
+	// if there is no =, the value is set to true.
+	// This differs form other flags, where the argument is required and may be either separated with = or supplied in the next argument.
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input        []string
+		expectedOB   optionalBool
+		expectedArgs []string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},                                       // Flag not present
+		{[]string{"--OB=true", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"1", "2"}},              // --OB=true
+		{[]string{"--OB=false", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},            // --OB=false
+		{[]string{"--OB", "true", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"true", "1", "2"}},   // --OB true
+		{[]string{"--OB", "false", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"false", "1", "2"}}, // --OB false
+	} {
+		var ob optionalBool
+		actionRun := false
+		app := cli.NewApp()
+		app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+			Name: "cmd",
+			Flags: []cli.Flag{
+				cli.GenericFlag{
+					Name:  "OB",
+					Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&ob),
+				},
+			},
+			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOB, ob)
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, ([]string)(ctx.Args()))
+				actionRun = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		}}
+		err := app.Run(append([]string{"app", "cmd"}, c.input...))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, actionRun)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionalStringSet(t *testing.T) {
+	// Really just a smoke test, but differentiating between not present and empty.
+	for _, c := range []string{"", "hello"} {
+		var os optionalString
+		v := newOptionalStringValue(&os)
+		require.False(t, os.present)
+		err := v.Set(c)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, c)
+		assert.Equal(t, c, os.value)
+	}
+
+	// Nothing actually explicitly says that .Set() is never called when the flag is not present on the command line;
+	// so, check that it is not being called, at least in the straightforward case (it's not possible to test that it
+	// is not called in any possible situation).
+	var globalOS, commandOS optionalString
+	actionRun := false
+	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  "global-OS",
+			Value: newOptionalStringValue(&globalOS),
+		},
+	}
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+		Name: "cmd",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			cli.GenericFlag{
+				Name:  "command-OS",
+				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&commandOS),
+			},
+		},
+		Action: func(*cli.Context) error {
+			assert.False(t, globalOS.present)
+			assert.False(t, commandOS.present)
+			actionRun = true
+			return nil
+		},
+	}}
+	err := app.Run([]string{"app", "cmd"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, actionRun)
+}
+
+func TestOptionalStringString(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input    optionalString
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, "hello"},
+		{optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, ""},
+		{optionalString{present: false, value: "hello"}, ""},
+		{optionalString{present: false, value: ""}, ""},
+	} {
+		var os optionalString
+		v := newOptionalStringValue(&os)
+		os = c.input
+		res := v.String()
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionalStringIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	// NOTE: optionalStringValue does not implement IsBoolFlag!
+	// IsBoolFlag means that the argument value must either be part of the same argument, with =;
+	// if there is no =, the value is set to true.
+	// This differs form other flags, where the argument is required and may be either separated with = or supplied in the next argument.
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input        []string
+		expectedOS   optionalString
+		expectedArgs []string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"1", "2"}, optionalString{present: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},                                 // Flag not present
+		{[]string{"--OS=hello", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, []string{"1", "2"}},    // --OS=true
+		{[]string{"--OS=", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, []string{"1", "2"}},              // --OS=false
+		{[]string{"--OS", "hello", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, []string{"1", "2"}}, // --OS true
+		{[]string{"--OS", "", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, []string{"1", "2"}},           // --OS false
+	} {
+		var os optionalString
+		actionRun := false
+		app := cli.NewApp()
+		app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+			Name: "cmd",
+			Flags: []cli.Flag{
+				cli.GenericFlag{
+					Name:  "OS",
+					Value: newOptionalStringValue(&os),
+				},
+			},
+			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOS, os)
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, ([]string)(ctx.Args()))
+				actionRun = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		}}
+		err := app.Run(append([]string{"app", "cmd"}, c.input...))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, actionRun)
+	}
+}

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ type inspectOutput struct {
 	Tag           string `json:",omitempty"`
 	Digest        digest.Digest
 	RepoTags      []string
-	Created       time.Time
+	Created       *time.Time
 	DockerVersion string
 	Labels        map[string]string
 	Architecture  string
@@ -29,10 +30,24 @@ type inspectOutput struct {
 	Layers        []string
 }
 
-var inspectCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:  "inspect",
-	Usage: "Inspect image IMAGE-NAME",
-	Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+type inspectOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+	image  *imageOptions
+	raw    bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
+	config bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
+}
+
+func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	opts := inspectOptions{
+		global: global,
+		image:  imageOpts,
+	}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:  "inspect",
+		Usage: "Inspect image IMAGE-NAME",
+		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
 	Return low-level information about "IMAGE-NAME" in a registry/transport
 
 	Supported transports:
@@ -40,88 +55,121 @@ var inspectCmd = cli.Command{
 
 	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-	ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "cert-dir",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry",
-		},
-		cli.BoolTFlag{
-			Name:  "tls-verify",
-			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)",
-		},
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "raw",
-			Usage: "output raw manifest",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "creds",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry",
-		},
-	},
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) (retErr error) {
-		img, err := parseImage(c)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		defer func() {
-			if err := img.Close(); err != nil {
-				retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, fmt.Sprintf("(could not close image: %v) ", err))
-			}
-		}()
-
-		rawManifest, _, err := img.Manifest()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if c.Bool("raw") {
-			_, err := c.App.Writer.Write(rawManifest)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("Error writing manifest to standard output: %v", err)
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
-		imgInspect, err := img.Inspect()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		outputData := inspectOutput{
-			Name: "", // Possibly overridden for a docker.Image.
-			Tag:  imgInspect.Tag,
-			// Digest is set below.
-			RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overriden for a docker.Image.
-			Created:       imgInspect.Created,
-			DockerVersion: imgInspect.DockerVersion,
-			Labels:        imgInspect.Labels,
-			Architecture:  imgInspect.Architecture,
-			Os:            imgInspect.Os,
-			Layers:        imgInspect.Layers,
-		}
-		outputData.Digest, err = manifest.Digest(rawManifest)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error computing manifest digest: %v", err)
-		}
-		if dockerImg, ok := img.(*docker.Image); ok {
-			outputData.Name = dockerImg.SourceRefFullName()
-			outputData.RepoTags, err = dockerImg.GetRepositoryTags()
-			if err != nil {
-				// some registries may decide to block the "list all tags" endpoint
-				// gracefully allow the inspect to continue in this case. Currently
-				// the IBM Bluemix container registry has this restriction.
-				if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "401") {
-					return fmt.Errorf("Error determining repository tags: %v", err)
-				}
-				logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval; skipping")
-			}
-		}
-		out, err := json.MarshalIndent(outputData, "", "    ")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, string(out))
-		return nil
-	},
+		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
+		Flags: append(append([]cli.Flag{
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "raw",
+				Usage:       "output raw manifest or configuration",
+				Destination: &opts.raw,
+			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "config",
+				Usage:       "output configuration",
+				Destination: &opts.config,
+			},
+		}, sharedFlags...), imageFlags...),
+		Action: commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("Exactly one argument expected")
+	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	img, err := parseImage(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := img.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, fmt.Sprintf("(could not close image: %v) ", err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	rawManifest, _, err := img.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if opts.config && opts.raw {
+		configBlob, err := img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading configuration blob: %v", err)
+		}
+		_, err = stdout.Write(configBlob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing configuration blob to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	} else if opts.raw {
+		_, err := stdout.Write(rawManifest)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing manifest to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	} else if opts.config {
+		config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data: %v", err)
+		}
+		err = json.NewEncoder(stdout).Encode(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing OCI-formatted configuration data to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	imgInspect, err := img.Inspect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	outputData := inspectOutput{
+		Name: "", // Set below if DockerReference() is known
+		Tag:  imgInspect.Tag,
+		// Digest is set below.
+		RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overriden for docker.Transport.
+		Created:       imgInspect.Created,
+		DockerVersion: imgInspect.DockerVersion,
+		Labels:        imgInspect.Labels,
+		Architecture:  imgInspect.Architecture,
+		Os:            imgInspect.Os,
+		Layers:        imgInspect.Layers,
+	}
+	outputData.Digest, err = manifest.Digest(rawManifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error computing manifest digest: %v", err)
+	}
+	if dockerRef := img.Reference().DockerReference(); dockerRef != nil {
+		outputData.Name = dockerRef.Name()
+	}
+	if img.Reference().Transport() == docker.Transport {
+		sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		outputData.RepoTags, err = docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sys, img.Reference())
+		if err != nil {
+			// some registries may decide to block the "list all tags" endpoint
+			// gracefully allow the inspect to continue in this case. Currently
+			// the IBM Bluemix container registry has this restriction.
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "401") {
+				return fmt.Errorf("Error determining repository tags: %v", err)
+			}
+			logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval; skipping")
+		}
+	}
+	out, err := json.MarshalIndent(outputData, "", "    ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", string(out))
+	return nil
 }

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -2,113 +2,149 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var layersCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:      "layers",
-	Usage:     "Get layers of IMAGE-NAME",
-	ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME [LAYER...]",
-	Hidden:    true,
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) (retErr error) {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, `DEPRECATED: skopeo layers is deprecated in favor of skopeo copy`)
-		if c.NArg() == 0 {
-			return errors.New("Usage: layers imageReference [layer...]")
+type layersOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+	image  *imageOptions
+}
+
+func layersCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	opts := layersOptions{
+		global: global,
+		image:  imageOpts,
+	}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "layers",
+		Usage:     "Get layers of IMAGE-NAME",
+		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME [LAYER...]",
+		Hidden:    true,
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Flags:     append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, `DEPRECATED: skopeo layers is deprecated in favor of skopeo copy`)
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: layers imageReference [layer...]")
+	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cache := blobinfocache.DefaultCache(sys)
+	rawSource, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	src, err := image.FromSource(ctx, sys, rawSource)
+	if err != nil {
+		if closeErr := rawSource.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
 		}
-		rawSource, err := parseImageSource(c, c.Args()[0])
+
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := src.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	type blobDigest struct {
+		digest   digest.Digest
+		isConfig bool
+	}
+	var blobDigests []blobDigest
+	for _, dString := range args[1:] {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(dString, "sha256:") {
+			dString = "sha256:" + dString
+		}
+		d, err := digest.Parse(dString)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		src, err := image.FromSource(rawSource)
+		blobDigests = append(blobDigests, blobDigest{digest: d, isConfig: false})
+	}
+
+	if len(blobDigests) == 0 {
+		layers := src.LayerInfos()
+		seenLayers := map[digest.Digest]struct{}{}
+		for _, info := range layers {
+			if _, ok := seenLayers[info.Digest]; !ok {
+				blobDigests = append(blobDigests, blobDigest{digest: info.Digest, isConfig: false})
+				seenLayers[info.Digest] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+		configInfo := src.ConfigInfo()
+		if configInfo.Digest != "" {
+			blobDigests = append(blobDigests, blobDigest{digest: configInfo.Digest, isConfig: true})
+		}
+	}
+
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(".", "layers-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	tmpDirRef, err := directory.NewReference(tmpDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	dest, err := tmpDirRef.NewImageDestination(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := dest.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for _, bd := range blobDigests {
+		r, blobSize, err := rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: -1}, cache)
 		if err != nil {
-			if closeErr := rawSource.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
+			if closeErr := r.Close(); closeErr != nil {
 				return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
 			}
-
 			return err
 		}
-		defer func() {
-			if err := src.Close(); err != nil {
-				retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
-			}
-		}()
+	}
 
-		var blobDigests []digest.Digest
-		for _, dString := range c.Args().Tail() {
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(dString, "sha256:") {
-				dString = "sha256:" + dString
-			}
-			d, err := digest.Parse(dString)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			blobDigests = append(blobDigests, d)
-		}
+	manifest, _, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dest.PutManifest(ctx, manifest); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-		if len(blobDigests) == 0 {
-			layers := src.LayerInfos()
-			seenLayers := map[digest.Digest]struct{}{}
-			for _, info := range layers {
-				if _, ok := seenLayers[info.Digest]; !ok {
-					blobDigests = append(blobDigests, info.Digest)
-					seenLayers[info.Digest] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-			configInfo := src.ConfigInfo()
-			if configInfo.Digest != "" {
-				blobDigests = append(blobDigests, configInfo.Digest)
-			}
-		}
-
-		tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(".", "layers-")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		tmpDirRef, err := directory.NewReference(tmpDir)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		dest, err := tmpDirRef.NewImageDestination(nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		defer func() {
-			if err := dest.Close(); err != nil {
-				retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
-			}
-		}()
-
-		for _, digest := range blobDigests {
-			r, blobSize, err := rawSource.GetBlob(types.BlobInfo{Digest: digest, Size: -1})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if _, err := dest.PutBlob(r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: digest, Size: blobSize}); err != nil {
-				if closeErr := r.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-					return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
-				}
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
-		manifest, _, err := src.Manifest()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := dest.PutManifest(manifest); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		return dest.Commit()
-	},
+	return dest.Commit(ctx)
 }

cmd/skopeo/main.go

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
+	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/reexec"
-	"github.com/projectatomic/skopeo/version"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
@@ -15,8 +17,22 @@ import (
 // and will be populated by the Makefile
 var gitCommit = ""
 
-// createApp returns a cli.App to be run or tested.
-func createApp() *cli.App {
+type globalOptions struct {
+	debug              bool          // Enable debug output
+	tlsVerify          optionalBool  // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	policyPath         string        // Path to a signature verification policy file
+	insecurePolicy     bool          // Use an "allow everything" signature verification policy
+	registriesDirPath  string        // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuratio directory
+	overrideArch       string        // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	overrideOS         string        // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	commandTimeout     time.Duration // Timeout for the command execution
+	registriesConfPath string        // Path to the "registries.conf" file
+}
+
+// createApp returns a cli.App, and the underlying globalOptions object, to be run or tested.
+func createApp() (*cli.App, *globalOptions) {
+	opts := globalOptions{}
+
 	app := cli.NewApp()
 	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
 	app.Name = "skopeo"
@@ -28,75 +44,112 @@ func createApp() *cli.App {
 	app.Usage = "Various operations with container images and container image registries"
 	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
 		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "debug",
-			Usage: "enable debug output",
+			Name:        "debug",
+			Usage:       "enable debug output",
+			Destination: &opts.debug,
 		},
-		cli.BoolTFlag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
 			Name:   "tls-verify",
 			Usage:  "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)",
 			Hidden: true,
+			Value:  newOptionalBoolValue(&opts.tlsVerify),
 		},
 		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "policy",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Path to a trust policy file",
+			Name:        "policy",
+			Usage:       "Path to a trust policy file",
+			Destination: &opts.policyPath,
 		},
 		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "insecure-policy",
-			Usage: "run the tool without any policy check",
+			Name:        "insecure-policy",
+			Usage:       "run the tool without any policy check",
+			Destination: &opts.insecurePolicy,
 		},
 		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "registries.d",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "use registry configuration files in `DIR` (e.g. for container signature storage)",
+			Name:        "registries.d",
+			Usage:       "use registry configuration files in `DIR` (e.g. for container signature storage)",
+			Destination: &opts.registriesDirPath,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "override-arch",
+			Usage:       "use `ARCH` instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images",
+			Destination: &opts.overrideArch,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "override-os",
+			Usage:       "use `OS` instead of the running OS for choosing images",
+			Destination: &opts.overrideOS,
+		},
+		cli.DurationFlag{
+			Name:        "command-timeout",
+			Usage:       "timeout for the command execution",
+			Destination: &opts.commandTimeout,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "registries-conf",
+			Usage:       "path to the registries.conf file",
+			Destination: &opts.registriesConfPath,
+			Hidden:      true,
 		},
 	}
-	app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		if c.GlobalBool("debug") {
-			logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
-		}
-		if c.GlobalIsSet("tls-verify") {
-			logrus.Warn("'--tls-verify' is deprecated, please set this on the specific subcommand")
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
+	app.Before = opts.before
 	app.Commands = []cli.Command{
-		copyCmd,
-		inspectCmd,
-		layersCmd,
-		deleteCmd,
-		manifestDigestCmd,
-		standaloneSignCmd,
-		standaloneVerifyCmd,
-		untrustedSignatureDumpCmd,
+		copyCmd(&opts),
+		inspectCmd(&opts),
+		layersCmd(&opts),
+		deleteCmd(&opts),
+		manifestDigestCmd(),
+		standaloneSignCmd(),
+		standaloneVerifyCmd(),
+		untrustedSignatureDumpCmd(),
 	}
-	return app
+	return app, &opts
+}
+
+// before is run by the cli package for any command, before running the command-specific handler.
+func (opts *globalOptions) before(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if opts.debug {
+		logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
+	}
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		logrus.Warn("'--tls-verify' is deprecated, please set this on the specific subcommand")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func main() {
 	if reexec.Init() {
 		return
 	}
-	app := createApp()
+	app, _ := createApp()
 	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
 
-// getPolicyContext handles the global "policy" flag.
-func getPolicyContext(c *cli.Context) (*signature.PolicyContext, error) {
-	policyPath := c.GlobalString("policy")
-	var policy *signature.Policy // This could be cached across calls, if we had an application context.
+// getPolicyContext returns a *signature.PolicyContext based on opts.
+func (opts *globalOptions) getPolicyContext() (*signature.PolicyContext, error) {
+	var policy *signature.Policy // This could be cached across calls in opts.
 	var err error
-	if c.GlobalBool("insecure-policy") {
+	if opts.insecurePolicy {
 		policy = &signature.Policy{Default: []signature.PolicyRequirement{signature.NewPRInsecureAcceptAnything()}}
-	} else if policyPath == "" {
+	} else if opts.policyPath == "" {
 		policy, err = signature.DefaultPolicy(nil)
 	} else {
-		policy, err = signature.NewPolicyFromFile(policyPath)
+		policy, err = signature.NewPolicyFromFile(opts.policyPath)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return signature.NewPolicyContext(policy)
 }
+
+// commandTimeoutContext returns a context.Context and a cancellation callback based on opts.
+// The caller should usually "defer cancel()" immediately after calling this.
+func (opts *globalOptions) commandTimeoutContext() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var cancel context.CancelFunc = func() {}
+	if opts.commandTimeout > 0 {
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, opts.commandTimeout)
+	}
+	return ctx, cancel
+}

cmd/skopeo/main_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import "bytes"
 // runSkopeo creates an app object and runs it with args, with an implied first "skopeo".
 // Returns output intended for stdout and the returned error, if any.
 func runSkopeo(args ...string) (string, error) {
-	app := createApp()
+	app, _ := createApp()
 	stdout := bytes.Buffer{}
 	app.Writer = &stdout
 	args = append([]string{"skopeo"}, args...)

cmd/skopeo/manifest.go

@@ -3,17 +3,31 @@ package main
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-func manifestDigest(context *cli.Context) error {
-	if len(context.Args()) != 1 {
+type manifestDigestOptions struct {
+}
+
+func manifestDigestCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := manifestDigestOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "manifest-digest",
+		Usage:     "Compute a manifest digest of a file",
+		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *manifestDigestOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
 		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo manifest-digest manifest")
 	}
-	manifestPath := context.Args()[0]
+	manifestPath := args[0]
 
 	man, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -23,13 +37,6 @@ func manifestDigest(context *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error computing digest: %v", err)
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(context.App.Writer, "%s\n", digest)
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", digest)
 	return nil
 }
-
-var manifestDigestCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:      "manifest-digest",
-	Usage:     "Compute a manifest digest of a file",
-	ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST",
-	Action:    manifestDigest,
-}

cmd/skopeo/signing.go

@@ -4,20 +4,41 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-func standaloneSign(context *cli.Context) error {
-	outputFile := context.String("output")
-	if len(context.Args()) != 3 || outputFile == "" {
+type standaloneSignOptions struct {
+	output string // Output file path
+}
+
+func standaloneSignCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := standaloneSignOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "standalone-sign",
+		Usage:     "Create a signature using local files",
+		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:        "output, o",
+				Usage:       "output the signature to `SIGNATURE`",
+				Destination: &opts.output,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *standaloneSignOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 3 || opts.output == "" {
 		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo standalone-sign manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint -o signature")
 	}
-	manifestPath := context.Args()[0]
-	dockerReference := context.Args()[1]
-	fingerprint := context.Args()[2]
+	manifestPath := args[0]
+	dockerReference := args[1]
+	fingerprint := args[2]
 
 	manifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -34,33 +55,33 @@ func standaloneSign(context *cli.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error creating signature: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(outputFile, signature, 0644); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error writing signature to %s: %v", outputFile, err)
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(opts.output, signature, 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error writing signature to %s: %v", opts.output, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-var standaloneSignCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:      "standalone-sign",
-	Usage:     "Create a signature using local files",
-	ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT",
-	Action:    standaloneSign,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "output, o",
-			Usage: "output the signature to `SIGNATURE`",
-		},
-	},
+type standaloneVerifyOptions struct {
 }
 
-func standaloneVerify(context *cli.Context) error {
-	if len(context.Args()) != 4 {
+func standaloneVerifyCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := standaloneVerifyOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "standalone-verify",
+		Usage:     "Verify a signature using local files",
+		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT SIGNATURE",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *standaloneVerifyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 4 {
 		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo standalone-verify manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature")
 	}
-	manifestPath := context.Args()[0]
-	expectedDockerReference := context.Args()[1]
-	expectedFingerprint := context.Args()[2]
-	signaturePath := context.Args()[3]
+	manifestPath := args[0]
+	expectedDockerReference := args[1]
+	expectedFingerprint := args[2]
+	signaturePath := args[3]
 
 	unverifiedManifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -81,22 +102,35 @@ func standaloneVerify(context *cli.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error verifying signature: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(context.App.Writer, "Signature verified, digest %s\n", sig.DockerManifestDigest)
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "Signature verified, digest %s\n", sig.DockerManifestDigest)
 	return nil
 }
 
-var standaloneVerifyCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:      "standalone-verify",
-	Usage:     "Verify a signature using local files",
-	ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT SIGNATURE",
-	Action:    standaloneVerify,
+// WARNING: Do not use the contents of this for ANY security decisions,
+// and be VERY CAREFUL about showing this information to humans in any way which suggest that these values “are probably” reliable.
+// There is NO REASON to expect the values to be correct, or not intentionally misleading
+// (including things like “✅ Verified by $authority”)
+//
+// The subcommand is undocumented, and it may be renamed or entirely disappear in the future.
+type untrustedSignatureDumpOptions struct {
 }
 
-func untrustedSignatureDump(context *cli.Context) error {
-	if len(context.Args()) != 1 {
+func untrustedSignatureDumpCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := untrustedSignatureDumpOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification",
+		Usage:     "Dump contents of a signature WITHOUT VERIFYING IT",
+		ArgsUsage: "SIGNATURE",
+		Hidden:    true,
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *untrustedSignatureDumpOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
 		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification signature")
 	}
-	untrustedSignaturePath := context.Args()[0]
+	untrustedSignaturePath := args[0]
 
 	untrustedSignature, err := ioutil.ReadFile(untrustedSignaturePath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -111,20 +145,6 @@ func untrustedSignatureDump(context *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintln(context.App.Writer, string(untrustedOut))
+	fmt.Fprintln(stdout, string(untrustedOut))
 	return nil
 }
-
-// WARNING: Do not use the contents of this for ANY security decisions,
-// and be VERY CAREFUL about showing this information to humans in any way which suggest that these values “are probably” reliable.
-// There is NO REASON to expect the values to be correct, or not intentionally misleading
-// (including things like “✅ Verified by $authority”)
-//
-// The subcommand is undocumented, and it may be renamed or entirely disappear in the future.
-var untrustedSignatureDumpCmd = cli.Command{
-	Name:      "untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification",
-	Usage:     "Dump contents of a signature WITHOUT VERIFYING IT",
-	ArgsUsage: "SIGNATURE",
-	Hidden:    true,
-	Action:    untrustedSignatureDump,
-}

cmd/skopeo/unshare.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package main
+
+func maybeReexec() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(inputImageNames ...string) error {
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/unshare_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare"
+	"github.com/containers/image/storage"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
+)
+
+var neededCapabilities = []capability.Cap{
+	capability.CAP_CHOWN,
+	capability.CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE,
+	capability.CAP_FOWNER,
+	capability.CAP_FSETID,
+	capability.CAP_MKNOD,
+	capability.CAP_SETFCAP,
+}
+
+func maybeReexec() error {
+	// With Skopeo we need only the subset of the root capabilities necessary
+	// for pulling an image to the storage.  Do not attempt to create a namespace
+	// if we already have the capabilities we need.
+	capabilities, err := capability.NewPid(0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading the current capabilities sets")
+	}
+	for _, cap := range neededCapabilities {
+		if !capabilities.Get(capability.EFFECTIVE, cap) {
+			// We miss a capability we need, create a user namespaces
+			unshare.MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(true)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames ...string) error {
+	// Check if container-storage are used before doing unshare
+	for _, imageName := range imageNames {
+		if alltransports.TransportFromImageName(imageName).Name() == storage.Transport.Name() {
+			return maybeReexec()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
@@ -9,29 +11,184 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-func contextFromGlobalOptions(c *cli.Context, flagPrefix string) (*types.SystemContext, error) {
+// errorShouldDisplayUsage is a subtype of error used by command handlers to indicate that cli.ShowSubcommandHelp should be called.
+type errorShouldDisplayUsage struct {
+	error
+}
+
+// commandAction intermediates between the cli.ActionFunc interface and the real handler,
+// primarily to ensure that cli.Context is not available to the handler, which in turn
+// makes sure that the cli.String() etc. flag access functions are not used,
+// and everything is done using the *Options structures and the Destination: members of cli.Flag.
+// handler may return errorShouldDisplayUsage to cause cli.ShowSubcommandHelp to be called.
+func commandAction(handler func(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error) cli.ActionFunc {
+	return func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		err := handler(([]string)(c.Args()), c.App.Writer)
+		if _, ok := err.(errorShouldDisplayUsage); ok {
+			cli.ShowSubcommandHelp(c)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+// sharedImageOptions collects CLI flags which are image-related, but do not change across images.
+// This really should be a part of globalOptions, but that would break existing users of (skopeo copy --authfile=).
+type sharedImageOptions struct {
+	authFilePath string // Path to a */containers/auth.json
+}
+
+// imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into sharedImageOptions, and the managed sharedImageOptions structure.
+func sharedImageFlags() ([]cli.Flag, *sharedImageOptions) {
+	opts := sharedImageOptions{}
+	return []cli.Flag{
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "authfile",
+			Usage:       "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json",
+			Destination: &opts.authFilePath,
+		},
+	}, &opts
+}
+
+// imageOptions collects CLI flags which are the same across subcommands, but may be different for each image
+// (e.g. may differ between the source and destination of a copy)
+type imageOptions struct {
+	global           *globalOptions      // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
+	shared           *sharedImageOptions // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
+	credsOption      optionalString      // username[:password] for accessing a registry
+	dockerCertPath   string              // A directory using Docker-like *.{crt,cert,key} files for connecting to a registry or a daemon
+	tlsVerify        optionalBool        // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	sharedBlobDir    string              // A directory to use for OCI blobs, shared across repositories
+	dockerDaemonHost string              // docker-daemon: host to connect to
+	noCreds          bool                // Access the registry anonymously
+}
+
+// imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
+func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageOptions) {
+	opts := imageOptions{
+		global: global,
+		shared: shared,
+	}
+
+	// This is horribly ugly, but we need to support the old option forms of (skopeo copy) for compatibility.
+	// Don't add any more cases like this.
+	credsOptionExtra := ""
+	if credsOptionAlias != "" {
+		credsOptionExtra += "," + credsOptionAlias
+	}
+
+	return []cli.Flag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  flagPrefix + "creds" + credsOptionExtra,
+			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry",
+			Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.credsOption),
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "cert-dir",
+			Usage:       "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry or daemon",
+			Destination: &opts.dockerCertPath,
+		},
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  flagPrefix + "tls-verify",
+			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon (defaults to true)",
+			Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&opts.tlsVerify),
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "shared-blob-dir",
+			Usage:       "`DIRECTORY` to use to share blobs across OCI repositories",
+			Destination: &opts.sharedBlobDir,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "daemon-host",
+			Usage:       "use docker daemon host at `HOST` (docker-daemon: only)",
+			Destination: &opts.dockerDaemonHost,
+		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "no-creds",
+			Usage:       "Access the registry anonymously",
+			Destination: &opts.noCreds,
+		},
+	}, &opts
+}
+
+// newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
+// It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
+func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	ctx := &types.SystemContext{
-		RegistriesDirPath: c.GlobalString("registries.d"),
-		DockerCertPath:    c.String(flagPrefix + "cert-dir"),
-		// DEPRECATED: keep this here for backward compatibility, but override
-		// them if per subcommand flags are provided (see below).
-		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify: !c.GlobalBoolT("tls-verify"),
-		OSTreeTmpDirPath:            c.String(flagPrefix + "ostree-tmp-dir"),
-		OCISharedBlobDirPath:        c.String(flagPrefix + "shared-blob-dir"),
+		RegistriesDirPath:        opts.global.registriesDirPath,
+		ArchitectureChoice:       opts.global.overrideArch,
+		OSChoice:                 opts.global.overrideOS,
+		DockerCertPath:           opts.dockerCertPath,
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:     opts.sharedBlobDir,
+		AuthFilePath:             opts.shared.authFilePath,
+		DockerDaemonHost:         opts.dockerDaemonHost,
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:     opts.dockerCertPath,
+		SystemRegistriesConfPath: opts.global.registriesConfPath,
 	}
-	if c.IsSet(flagPrefix + "tls-verify") {
-		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !c.BoolT(flagPrefix + "tls-verify")
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !opts.tlsVerify.value
 	}
-	if c.IsSet(flagPrefix + "creds") {
+	// DEPRECATED: We support this for backward compatibility, but override it if a per-image flag is provided.
+	if opts.global.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.global.tlsVerify.value)
+	}
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.present && opts.noCreds {
+		return nil, errors.New("creds and no-creds cannot be specified at the same time")
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.present {
 		var err error
-		ctx.DockerAuthConfig, err = getDockerAuth(c.String(flagPrefix + "creds"))
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig, err = getDockerAuth(opts.credsOption.value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	if opts.noCreds {
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig = &types.DockerAuthConfig{}
+	}
 	return ctx, nil
 }
 
+// imageDestOptions is a superset of imageOptions specialized for iamge destinations.
+type imageDestOptions struct {
+	*imageOptions
+	osTreeTmpDir        string // A directory to use for OSTree temporary files
+	dirForceCompression bool   // Compress layers when saving to the dir: transport
+}
+
+// imageDestFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageDestOptions, and the managed imageDestOptions structure.
+func imageDestFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageDestOptions) {
+	genericFlags, genericOptions := imageFlags(global, shared, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
+	opts := imageDestOptions{imageOptions: genericOptions}
+
+	return append(genericFlags, []cli.Flag{
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "ostree-tmp-dir",
+			Usage:       "`DIRECTORY` to use for OSTree temporary files",
+			Destination: &opts.osTreeTmpDir,
+		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "compress",
+			Usage:       "Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)",
+			Destination: &opts.dirForceCompression,
+		},
+	}...), &opts
+}
+
+// newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
+// It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
+func (opts *imageDestOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
+	ctx, err := opts.imageOptions.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ctx.OSTreeTmpDirPath = opts.osTreeTmpDir
+	ctx.DirForceCompress = opts.dirForceCompression
+	return ctx, err
+}
+
 func parseCreds(creds string) (string, string, error) {
 	if creds == "" {
 		return "", "", errors.New("credentials can't be empty")
@@ -58,30 +215,29 @@ func getDockerAuth(creds string) (*types.DockerAuthConfig, error) {
 }
 
 // parseImage converts image URL-like string to an initialized handler for that image.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
-func parseImage(c *cli.Context) (types.Image, error) {
-	imgName := c.Args().First()
-	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imgName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	ctx, err := contextFromGlobalOptions(c, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return ref.NewImage(ctx)
-}
-
-// parseImageSource converts image URL-like string to an ImageSource.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func parseImageSource(c *cli.Context, name string) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
+func parseImage(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
 	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ctx, err := contextFromGlobalOptions(c, "")
+	sys, err := opts.newSystemContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return ref.NewImageSource(ctx)
+	return ref.NewImage(ctx, sys)
+}
+
+// parseImageSource converts image URL-like string to an ImageSource.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
+func parseImageSource(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sys, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ref.NewImageSource(ctx, sys)
 }

cmd/skopeo/utils_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// fakeGlobalOptions creates globalOptions and sets it according to flags.
+// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
+func fakeGlobalOptions(t *testing.T, flags []string) *globalOptions {
+	app, opts := createApp()
+
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet(app.Name, flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range app.Flags {
+		f.Apply(flagSet)
+	}
+	err := flagSet.Parse(flags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return opts
+}
+
+// fakeImageOptions creates imageOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
+// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
+func fakeImageOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageOptions {
+	globalOpts := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
+
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("fakeImageOptions", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...) {
+		f.Apply(flagSet)
+	}
+	err := flagSet.Parse(cmdFlags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return imageOpts
+}
+
+func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default state
+	opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{})
+	res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+
+	// Set everything to non-default values.
+	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
+		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
+		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
+		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+	}, []string{
+		"--authfile", "/srv/authfile",
+		"--dest-cert-dir", "/srv/cert-dir",
+		"--dest-shared-blob-dir", "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
+		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
+		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+	})
+	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:                 "/srv/registries.d",
+		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/authfile",
+		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
+		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
+		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
+	}, res)
+
+	// Global/per-command tlsVerify behavior
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		global, cmd          string
+		expectedDocker       types.OptionalBool
+		expectedDockerDaemon bool
+	}{
+		{"", "", types.OptionalBoolUndefined, false},
+		{"", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+		{"", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+		{"false", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
+		{"false", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+		{"false", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+		{"true", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+		{"true", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+		{"true", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+	} {
+		globalFlags := []string{}
+		if c.global != "" {
+			globalFlags = append(globalFlags, "--tls-verify="+c.global)
+		}
+		cmdFlags := []string{}
+		if c.cmd != "" {
+			cmdFlags = append(cmdFlags, "--dest-tls-verify="+c.cmd)
+		}
+		opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", globalFlags, cmdFlags)
+		res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDocker, res.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDockerDaemon, res.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+	}
+
+	// Invalid option values
+	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
+	_, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// fakeImageDestOptions creates imageDestOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
+// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
+func fakeImageDestOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageDestOptions {
+	globalOpts := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
+
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageDestFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("fakeImageDestOptions", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...) {
+		f.Apply(flagSet)
+	}
+	err := flagSet.Parse(cmdFlags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return imageOpts
+}
+
+func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default state
+	opts := fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{})
+	res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+
+	// Explicitly set everything to default, except for when the default is “not present”
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{
+		"--dest-compress=false",
+	})
+	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+
+	// Set everything to non-default values.
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
+		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
+		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
+		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+	}, []string{
+		"--authfile", "/srv/authfile",
+		"--dest-cert-dir", "/srv/cert-dir",
+		"--dest-ostree-tmp-dir", "/srv/ostree-tmp-dir",
+		"--dest-shared-blob-dir", "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		"--dest-compress=true",
+		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
+		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
+		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+	})
+	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:                 "/srv/registries.d",
+		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/authfile",
+		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
+		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		OSTreeTmpDirPath:                  "/srv/ostree-tmp-dir",
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
+		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
+		DirForceCompress:                  true,
+	}, res)
+
+	// Invalid option values in imageOptions
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
+	_, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}

completions/bash/skopeo

@@ -5,52 +5,90 @@
 _complete_() {
     local options_with_args=$1
     local boolean_options="$2 -h --help"
+    local transports=$3
 
-    case "$prev" in
-	$options_with_args)
-	    return
-	    ;;
-    esac
+    local option_with_args
+    for option_with_args in $options_with_args $transports
+    do
+        if [ "$option_with_args" == "$prev" -o "$option_with_args" == "$cur" ]
+        then
+            return
+        fi
+    done
 
     case "$cur" in
-	-*)
-	    COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
-	    ;;
+        -*)
+            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
+            ;;
+        *)
+            if [ -n "$transports" ]
+            then
+                compopt -o nospace
+                COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$transports" -- "$cur" ) )
+            fi
+            ;;
     esac
 }
 
+_skopeo_supported_transports() {
+    local subcommand=$1
+
+    ${PROG} $subcommand --help | grep "Supported transports" -A 1 | tail -n 1 | sed -e 's/,/:/g' -e 's/$/:/'
+}
+
 _skopeo_copy() {
-     local options_with_args="
-	--sign-by
-	--src-creds --screds
-	--src-cert-dir
-	--src-tls-verify
-	--dest-creds --dcreds
-	--dest-cert-dir
-	--dest-ostree-tmp-dir
-	--dest-tls-verify
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-	--remove-signatures
-     "
-     _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+    local options_with_args="
+    --authfile
+    --format -f
+    --sign-by
+    --src-creds --screds
+    --src-cert-dir
+    --src-tls-verify
+    --dest-creds --dcreds
+    --dest-cert-dir
+    --dest-ostree-tmp-dir
+    --dest-tls-verify
+    --src-daemon-host
+    --dest-daemon-host
+    "
+
+    local boolean_options="
+    --dest-compress
+    --remove-signatures
+    --src-no-creds
+    --dest-no-creds
+    "
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
 }
 
 _skopeo_inspect() {
      local options_with_args="
-	--creds
-	--cert-dir
+     --authfile
+     --creds
+     --cert-dir
      "
      local boolean_options="
-	--raw
-	--tls-verify
+     --config
+     --raw
+     --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
 }
 
 _skopeo_standalone_sign() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   -o --output
+       -o --output
      "
      local boolean_options="
      "
@@ -75,52 +113,62 @@ _skopeo_manifest_digest() {
 
 _skopeo_delete() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   --creds
-	   --cert-dir
+     --authfile
+     --creds
+     --cert-dir
      "
      local boolean_options="
-	   --tls-verify
+     --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
      "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
 }
 
 _skopeo_layers() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   --creds
-	   --cert-dir
+       --creds
+       --cert-dir
      "
      local boolean_options="
-	   --tls-verify
+       --tls-verify
      "
     _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
 }
 
 _skopeo_skopeo() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   --policy
-	   --registries.d
+       --policy
+       --registries.d
+       --override-arch
+       --override-os
+       --command-timeout
      "
      local boolean_options="
-	   --insecure-policy
-	   --debug
-	   --version -v
-	   --help -h
+       --insecure-policy
+       --debug
+       --version -v
+       --help -h
      "
      commands=$( ${COMP_WORDS[@]:0:$COMP_CWORD} --generate-bash-completion )
 
      case "$prev" in
-	 $main_options_with_args_glob )
-	     return
-	     ;;
+         $main_options_with_args_glob )
+             return
+             ;;
      esac
 
      case "$cur" in
-	 -*)
-	     COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
-	     ;;
-	 *)
-	     COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur" ) )
-	     ;;
+         -*)
+             COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
+             ;;
+         *)
+             COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur" ) )
+             ;;
      esac
 }
 
@@ -138,15 +186,17 @@ _cli_bash_autocomplete() {
      local counter=1
      counter=1
      while [ $counter -lt $cword ]; do
-	 case "!${words[$counter]}" in
-	     *)
-		 command=$(echo "${words[$counter]}" | sed 's/-/_/g')
-		 cpos=$counter
-		 (( cpos++ ))
-		 break
-		 ;;
-	 esac
-	 (( counter++ ))
+         case "${words[$counter]}" in
+             -*)
+                ;;
+             *)
+                 command=$(echo "${words[$counter]}" | sed 's/-/_/g')
+                 cpos=$counter
+                 (( cpos++ ))
+                 break
+                 ;;
+         esac
+         (( counter++ ))
      done
 
      local completions_func=_skopeo_${command}

contrib/containers-storage.conf.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+% storage.conf(5) Container Storage Configuration File
+% Dan Walsh
+% May 2017
+
+# NAME
+storage.conf - Syntax of Container Storage configuration file
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+The STORAGE configuration file specifies all of the available container storage options
+for tools using shared container storage.
+
+# FORMAT
+The [TOML format][toml] is used as the encoding of the configuration file.
+Every option and subtable listed here is nested under a global "storage" table.
+No bare options are used. The format of TOML can be simplified to:
+
+    [table]
+    option = value
+
+    [table.subtable1]
+    option = value
+
+    [table.subtable2]
+    option = value
+
+## STORAGE TABLE
+
+The `storage` table supports the following options:
+
+**graphroot**=""
+  container storage graph dir (default: "/var/lib/containers/storage")
+  Default directory to store all writable content created by container storage programs.
+
+**runroot**=""
+  container storage run dir (default: "/var/run/containers/storage")
+  Default directory to store all temporary writable content created by container storage programs.
+
+**driver**=""
+  container storage driver (default is "overlay")
+  Default Copy On Write (COW) container storage driver.
+
+### STORAGE OPTIONS TABLE
+
+The `storage.options` table supports the following options:
+
+**additionalimagestores**=[]
+  Paths to additional container image stores. Usually these are read-only and stored on remote network shares.
+
+**size**=""
+  Maximum size of a container image.  Default is 10GB.  This flag can be used to set quota
+  on the size of container images.
+
+**override_kernel_check**=""
+  Tell storage drivers to ignore kernel version checks.  Some storage drivers assume that if a kernel is too
+  old, the driver is not supported.  But for kernels that have had the drivers backported, this flag
+  allows users to override the checks.
+
+# HISTORY
+May 2017, Originally compiled by Dan Walsh <dwalsh@redhat.com>
+Format copied from crio.conf man page created by Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>

contrib/storage.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# storage.conf is the configuration file for all tools
+# that share the containers/storage libraries
+# See man 5 containers-storage.conf for more information
+
+# The "container storage" table contains all of the server options.
+[storage]
+
+# Default Storage Driver
+driver = "overlay"
+
+# Temporary storage location
+runroot = "/var/run/containers/storage"
+
+# Primary read-write location of container storage
+graphroot = "/var/lib/containers/storage"
+
+[storage.options]
+# AdditionalImageStores is used to pass paths to additional read-only image stores
+# Must be comma separated list.
+additionalimagestores = [
+]
+
+# Size is used to set a maximum size of the container image.  Only supported by
+# certain container storage drivers (currently overlay, zfs, vfs, btrfs)
+size = ""
+
+# OverrideKernelCheck tells the driver to ignore kernel checks based on kernel version
+override_kernel_check = "true"

docs/skopeo-copy.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+% skopeo-copy(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-copy - Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo copy** [**--sign-by=**_key-ID_] _source-image destination-image_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
+
+Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by the policy.
+
+  _source-image_ use the "image name" format described above
+
+  _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+**--format, -f** _manifest-type_ Manifest type (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)
+
+**--quiet, -q** suppress output information when copying images
+
+**--remove-signatures** do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
+
+**--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
+
+**--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)
+
+**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
+
+**--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon
+
+**--src-no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+
+**--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon
+
+**--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_  Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--dest-ostree-tmp-dir** _path_ Directory to use for OSTree temporary files.
+
+**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+
+**--src-daemon-host** _host_ Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+**--dest-daemon-host** _host_ Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
+```sh
+$ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
+$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:/var/lib/images/busybox
+$ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
+  /tmp/busybox/2b8fd9751c4c0f5dd266fcae00707e67a2545ef34f9a29354585f93dac906749.tar
+  /tmp/busybox/manifest.json
+  /tmp/busybox/8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
+```
+
+To copy and sign an image:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com atomic:example/busybox:streaming atomic:example/busybox:gold
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-delete.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+% skopeo-delete(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-delete - Mark _image-name_ for deletion.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo delete** _image-name_
+
+Mark _image-name_ for deletion.  To release the allocated disk space, you must login to the container registry server and execute the container registry garbage collector. E.g.,
+
+```
+/usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+
+Note: sometimes the config.yml is stored in /etc/docker/registry/config.yml
+
+If you are running the container registry inside of a container you would execute something like:
+
+$ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+
+```
+
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+
+**--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
+
+**--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+
+**--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
+```sh
+$ skopeo delete --force docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
+```
+See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
+
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+% skopeo-inspect(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-inspect - Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo inspect** [**--raw**] [**--config**] _image-name_
+
+Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+
+  **--raw** output raw manifest, default is to format in JSON
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve information about
+
+  **--config** output configuration in OCI format, default is to format in JSON
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+
+  **--config** **--raw** output configuration in raw format
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+
+  **--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+
+  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry
+
+  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+
+  **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+To review information for the image fedora from the docker.io registry:
+```sh
+$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
+{
+    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
+    "Digest": "sha256:a97914edb6ba15deb5c5acf87bd6bd5b6b0408c96f48a5cbd450b5b04509bb7d",
+    "RepoTags": [
+        "20",
+        "21",
+        "22",
+        "23",
+        "24",
+        "heisenbug",
+        "latest",
+        "rawhide"
+    ],
+    "Created": "2016-06-20T19:33:43.220526898Z",
+    "DockerVersion": "1.10.3",
+    "Labels": {},
+    "Architecture": "amd64",
+    "Os": "linux",
+    "Layers": [
+        "sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+# SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% skopeo-manifest-digest(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-manifest\-digest -Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo manifest-digest** _manifest-file_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Compute a manifest digest of _manifest-file_ and write it to standard output.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json
+sha256:a59906e33509d14c036c8678d687bd4eec81ed7c4b8ce907b888c607f6a1e0e6
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+% skopeo-standalone-sign(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-standalone-sign - Simple Sign an image
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo standalone-sign** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+This is primarily a debugging tool, or useful for special cases,
+and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
+
+  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
+
+  _docker-reference_ A docker reference to identify the image with
+
+  _key-fingerprint_ Key identity to use for signing
+
+  **--output**|**-o** output file
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo standalone-sign busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8 --output busybox.signature
+$
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), skopeo-copy(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% skopeo-standalone-verify(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Verify an image signature
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
+
+  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
+
+  _docker-reference_ A docker reference expected to identify the image in the signature
+
+  _key-fingerprint_ Expected identity of the signing key
+
+  _signature_ Path to signature file
+
+**Note:** If you do use this, make sure that the image can not be changed at the source location between the times of its verification and use.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo standalone-verify busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8  busybox.signature
+Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo.1.md

@@ -1,14 +1,28 @@
 % SKOPEO(1) Skopeo Man Pages
 % Jhon Honce
 % August 2016
-# NAME
-skopeo -- Various operations with container images and container image registries
-# SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo** [_global options_] _command_ [_command options_]
-# DESCRIPTION
-`skopeo` is a command line utility providing various operations with container images and container image registries. For example, it is able to inspect a repository on a container registry and fetch image. It fetches the repository's manifest and it is able to show you a `docker inspect`-like json output about a whole repository or a tag. This tool, in contrast to `docker inspect`, helps you gather useful information about a repository or a tag without requiring you to run `docker pull` - e.g. - which tags are available for the given repository? which labels the image has?
+## NAME
+skopeo -- Command line utility used to interact with local and remote container images and container image registries
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo** [_global options_] _command_ [_command options_]
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+`skopeo` is a command line utility providing various operations with container images and container image registries.
+
+`skopeo` can copy container images between various containers image stores, converting them as necessary.  For example you can use `skopeo` to copy container images from one container registry to another.
+
+`skopeo` can convert a Docker schema 2 or schema 1 container image to an OCI image.
+
+`skopeo` can inspect a repository on a container registry without needlessly pulling the image. Pulling an image from a repository, especially a remote repository, is an expensive network and storage operation. Skopeo fetches the repository's manifest and displays a `docker inspect`-like json output about the repository or a tag. `skopeo`, in contrast to `docker inspect`, helps you gather useful information about a repository or a tag without requiring you to run `docker pull` - e.g. - Which tags are available for the given repository? Which labels does the image have?
+
+`skopeo` can sign and verify container images.
+
+`skopeo` can delete container images from a remote container registry.
+
+Note: `skopeo` does not require any container runtimes to be running, to do most of
+its functionality.  It also does not require root, unless you are copying images into a container runtime storage backend, like the docker daemon or github.com/containers/storage.
 
-It also allows you to copy container images between various registries, possibly converting them as necessary, and to sign and verify images.
 ## IMAGE NAMES
 Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format. The following formats are supported:
 
@@ -19,13 +33,13 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
   An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
 
   **docker://**_docker-reference_
-  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in `$HOME/.docker/config.json`, which is set e.g. using `(docker login)`.
+  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(podman login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
 
   **docker-archive:**_path_[**:**_docker-reference_]
-  An image is stored in the `docker save` formated file.  _docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
+  An image is stored in the `docker save` formatted file.  _docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
 
   **docker-daemon:**_docker-reference_
-  An image _docker-reference_ stored in the docker daemon internal storage.  _docker-reference_ must contain either a tag or a digest.  Alternatively, when reading images, the format can also be docker-daemon:algo:digest (an image ID).
+  An image _docker-reference_ stored in the docker daemon internal storage.  _docker-reference_ must contain either a tag or a digest.  Alternatively, when reading images, the format can be docker-daemon:algo:digest (an image ID).
 
   **oci:**_path_**:**_tag_
   An image _tag_ in a directory compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
@@ -33,7 +47,7 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
   **ostree:**_image_[**@**_/absolute/repo/path_]
   An image in local OSTree repository.  _/absolute/repo/path_ defaults to _/ostree/repo_.
 
-# OPTIONS
+## OPTIONS
 
   **--debug** enable debug output
 
@@ -43,201 +57,39 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
 
   **--registries.d** _dir_ use registry configuration files in _dir_ (e.g. for container signature storage), overriding the default path.
 
+  **--override-arch** _arch_ Use _arch_ instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images.
+
+  **--override-os** _OS_ Use _OS_ instead of the running OS for choosing images.
+
+  **--command-timeout** _duration_ Timeout for the command execution.
+
   **--help**|**-h** Show help
 
   **--version**|**-v** print the version number
 
-# COMMANDS
+## COMMANDS
 
-## skopeo copy
-**skopeo copy** [**--sign-by=**_key-ID_] _source-image destination-image_
+| Command                                   | Description                                                                    |
+| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| [skopeo-copy(1)](skopeo-copy.1.md)        | Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another. |
+| [skopeo-delete(1)](skopeo-delete.1.md)    | Mark image-name for deletion.                                                  |
+| [skopeo-inspect(1)](skopeo-inspect.1.md)  | Return low-level information about image-name in a registry.                   |
+| [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.|
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Sign an image.                                               |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image.                                             |
 
-Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
-
-Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by the policy.
-
-  _source-image_ use the "image name" format described above
-
-  _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
-
-  **--remove-signatures** do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
-
-  **--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
-
-  **--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
-
-  **--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
-
-  **--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry
-
-  **--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry (defaults to true)
-
-  **--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry
-
-  **--dest-ostree-tmp-dir** _path_ Directory to use for OSTree temporary files.
-
-  **--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry (defaults to true)
-
-Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
-
-## skopeo delete
-**skopeo delete** _image-name_
-
-Mark _image-name_ for deletion.  To release the allocated disk space, you need to execute the container registry garabage collector. E.g.,
-
-```sh
-$ docker exec -it registry bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker/registry/config.yml
-```
-
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
-
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
-
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
-
-Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
-
-## skopeo inspect
-**skopeo inspect** [**--raw**] _image-name_
-
-Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
-
-  **--raw** output raw manifest, default is to format in JSON
-
-  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve information about
-
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
-
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
-
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
-
-## skopeo manifest-digest
-**skopeo manifest-digest** _manifest-file_
-
-Compute a manifest digest of _manifest-file_ and write it to standard output.
-
-## skopeo standalone-sign
-**skopeo standalone-sign** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
-
-This is primarily a debugging tool, or useful for special cases,
-and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
-
-  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
-
-  _docker-reference_ A docker reference to identify the image with
-
-  _key-fingerprint_ Key identity to use for signing
-
-  **--output**|**-o** output file
-
-## skopeo standalone-verify
-**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature_
-
-Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
-
-  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
-
-  _docker-reference_ A docker reference expected to identify the image in the signature
-
-  _key-fingerprint_ Expected identity of the signing key
-
-  _signature_ Path to signature file
-
-**Note:** If you do use this, make sure that the image can not be changed at the source location between the times of its verification and use.
-
-## skopeo help
-show help for `skopeo`
-
-# FILES
+## FILES
   **/etc/containers/policy.json**
   Default trust policy file, if **--policy** is not specified.
-  The policy format is documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/policy.json.md .
+  The policy format is documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
 
   **/etc/containers/registries.d**
   Default directory containing registry configuration, if **--registries.d** is not specified.
-  The contents of this directory are documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/registries.d.md .
+  The contents of this directory are documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
 
-# EXAMPLES
+## SEE ALSO
+podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
 
-## skopeo copy
-To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
-```sh
-$ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
-$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:/var/lib/images/busybox
-$ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
-  /tmp/busybox/2b8fd9751c4c0f5dd266fcae00707e67a2545ef34f9a29354585f93dac906749.tar
-  /tmp/busybox/manifest.json
-  /tmp/busybox/8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
-```
-
-To copy and sign an image:
-
-```sh
-$ skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com atomic:example/busybox:streaming atomic:example/busybox:gold
-```
-## skopeo delete
-Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
-```sh
-$ skopeo delete --force docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
-```
-See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
-
-## skopeo inspect
-To review information for the image fedora from the docker.io registry:
-```sh
-$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
-{
-    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
-    "Digest": "sha256:a97914edb6ba15deb5c5acf87bd6bd5b6b0408c96f48a5cbd450b5b04509bb7d",
-    "RepoTags": [
-        "20",
-        "21",
-        "22",
-        "23",
-        "24",
-        "heisenbug",
-        "latest",
-        "rawhide"
-    ],
-    "Created": "2016-06-20T19:33:43.220526898Z",
-    "DockerVersion": "1.10.3",
-    "Labels": {},
-    "Architecture": "amd64",
-    "Os": "linux",
-    "Layers": [
-        "sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
-    ]
-}
-```
-## skopeo layers
-Another method to retrieve the layers for the busybox image from the docker.io registry:
-```sh
-$ skopeo layers docker://busybox
-$ ls layers-500650331/
-  8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
-  manifest.json
-  a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4.tar
-```
-## skopeo manifest-digest
-```sh
-$ skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json
-sha256:a59906e33509d14c036c8678d687bd4eec81ed7c4b8ce907b888c607f6a1e0e6
-```
-## skopeo standalone-sign
-```sh
-$ skopeo standalone-sign busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8 --output busybox.signature
-$
-```
-
-See `skopeo copy` above for the preferred method of signing images.
-## skopeo standalone-verify
-```sh
-$ skopeo standalone-verify busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8  busybox.signature
-Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55
-```
-
-# AUTHORS
+## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

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hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+#include <btrfs/ioctl.h>
+EOF
+if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+	echo exclude_graphdriver_btrfs
+fi

hack/make.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 #
 # Requirements:
 # - The current directory should be a checkout of the skopeo source code
-#   (https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo). Whatever version is checked out
+#   (https://github.com/containers/skopeo). Whatever version is checked out
 #   will be built.
 # - The script is intended to be run inside the docker container specified
 #   in the Dockerfile at the root of the source. In other words:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ set -e
 
 set -o pipefail
 
-export SKOPEO_PKG='github.com/projectatomic/skopeo'
+export SKOPEO_PKG='github.com/containers/skopeo'
 export SCRIPTDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
 export MAKEDIR="$SCRIPTDIR/make"
 

hack/make/.validate

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ if [ -z "$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM" ]; then
 	# this is kind of an expensive check, so let's not do this twice if we
 	# are running more than one validate bundlescript
 	
-	VALIDATE_REPO='https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo.git'
+	VALIDATE_REPO='https://github.com/containers/skopeo.git'
 	VALIDATE_BRANCH='master'
 	
 	if [ "$TRAVIS" = 'true' -a "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" != 'false' ]; then

hack/make/validate-vet

@@ -1,28 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-source "$(dirname "$BASH_SOURCE")/.validate"
+errors=$(go vet $(go list -e ./... | grep -v "$SKOPEO_PKG"/vendor))
 
-IFS=$'\n'
-files=( $(validate_diff --diff-filter=ACMR --name-only -- '*.go' | grep -v '^vendor/' || true) )
-unset IFS
-
-errors=()
-for f in "${files[@]}"; do
-	failedVet=$(go vet "$f")
-	if [ "$failedVet" ]; then
-		errors+=( "$failedVet" )
-	fi
-done
-
-
-if [ ${#errors[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+if [ -z "$errors" ]; then
 	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files have been vetted.'
 else
 	{
 		echo "Errors from go vet:"
-		for err in "${errors[@]}"; do
-			echo " - $err"
-		done
+		echo "$errors"
 		echo
 		echo 'Please fix the above errors. You can test via "go vet" and commit the result.'
 		echo

hack/ostree_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if pkg-config ostree-1 2> /dev/null ; then
+	echo ostree
+else
+	echo containers_image_ostree_stub
+fi

hack/travis_osx.sh

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ set -e
 export GOPATH=$(pwd)/_gopath
 export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
 
-_projectatomic="${GOPATH}/src/github.com/projectatomic"
-mkdir -vp ${_projectatomic}
-ln -vsf $(pwd) ${_projectatomic}/skopeo
+_containers="${GOPATH}/src/github.com/containers"
+mkdir -vp ${_containers}
+ln -vsf $(pwd) ${_containers}/skopeo
 
-go get -u github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man github.com/golang/lint/golint
+go version
+go get -u github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man golang.org/x/lint/golint
 
-cd ${_projectatomic}/skopeo
+cd ${_containers}/skopeo
 make validate-local test-unit-local binary-local
 sudo make install
 skopeo -v

hack/tree_status.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+STATUS=$(git status --porcelain)
+if [[ -z $STATUS ]]
+then
+	echo "tree is clean"
+else
+	echo "tree is dirty, please commit all changes and sync the vendor.conf"
+	echo ""
+	echo "$STATUS"
+	exit 1
+fi

hack/vendor.sh

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# This file is just wrapper around vndr (github.com/LK4D4/vndr) tool.
-# For updating dependencies you should change `vendor.conf` file in root of the
-# project. Please refer to https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr/blob/master/README.md for
-# vndr usage.
-
-set -e
-
-if ! hash vndr; then
-	echo "Please install vndr with \"go get github.com/LK4D4/vndr\" and put it in your \$GOPATH"
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-vndr "$@"

integration/check_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
 	"github.com/go-check/check"
-	"github.com/projectatomic/skopeo/version"
 )
 
 const (

integration/copy_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
 	"github.com/go-check/check"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/image-tools/image"
 )
 
@@ -89,9 +90,11 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyFailsWithManifestList(c *check.C) {
-	c.ExpectFailure("manifest-list-hotfix sacrificed hotfixes for being able to copy images")
-	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*can not copy docker://estesp/busybox:latest: manifest contains multiple images.*", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:latest", "dir:somedir")
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyWithManifestList(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-manifest-list")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:latest", "dir:"+dir)
 }
 
 func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyFailsWhenImageOSDoesntMatchRuntimeOS(c *check.C) {
@@ -151,7 +154,10 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySimple(c *check.C) {
 	// docker v2s2 -> OCI image layout without image name
 	ociDest = "busybox-latest-noimage"
 	defer os.RemoveAll(ociDest)
-	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Error initializing destination oci:busybox-latest-noimage:: cannot save image with empty image.ref.name.*", "copy", "docker://busybox:latest", "oci:"+ociDest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox:latest", "oci:"+ociDest)
+	_, err = os.Stat(ociDest)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
 }
 
 // Check whether dir: images in dir1 and dir2 are equal, ignoring schema1 signatures.
@@ -376,7 +382,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyDirSignatures(c *check.C) {
 
 // Compression during copy
 func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyCompression(c *check.C) {
-	const uncompresssedLayerFile = "160d823fdc48e62f97ba62df31e55424f8f5eb6b679c865eec6e59adfe304710.tar"
+	const uncompresssedLayerFile = "160d823fdc48e62f97ba62df31e55424f8f5eb6b679c865eec6e59adfe304710"
 
 	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "compression-top")
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -408,9 +414,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyCompression(c *check.C) {
 		fis, err := dirf.Readdir(-1)
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 		for _, fi := range fis {
-			if strings.HasSuffix(fi.Name(), ".tar") {
-				c.Assert(fi.Size() < 2048, check.Equals, true)
-			}
+			c.Assert(fi.Size() < 2048, check.Equals, true)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -591,6 +595,32 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySchemaConversion(c *check.C) {
 	s.testCopySchemaConversionRegistries(c, "docker://"+v2s1DockerRegistryURL+"/schema1", "docker://"+v2DockerRegistryURL+"/schema2")
 }
 
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyManifestConversion(c *check.C) {
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "manifest-conversion")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+	srcDir := filepath.Join(topDir, "source")
+	destDir1 := filepath.Join(topDir, "dest1")
+	destDir2 := filepath.Join(topDir, "dest2")
+
+	// oci to v2s1 and vice-versa not supported yet
+	// get v2s2 manifest type
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox", "dir:"+srcDir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, srcDir, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	// convert from v2s2 to oci
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=oci", "dir:"+srcDir, "dir:"+destDir1)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir1, imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest)
+	// convert from oci to v2s2
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=v2s2", "dir:"+destDir1, "dir:"+destDir2)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir2, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	// convert from v2s2 to v2s1
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=v2s1", "dir:"+srcDir, "dir:"+destDir1)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir1, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType)
+	// convert from v2s1 to v2s2
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=v2s2", "dir:"+destDir1, "dir:"+destDir2)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir2, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+}
+
 func (s *CopySuite) testCopySchemaConversionRegistries(c *check.C, schema1Registry, schema2Registry string) {
 	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "schema-conversion")
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -632,3 +662,37 @@ func verifyManifestMIMEType(c *check.C, dir string, expectedMIMEType string) {
 	mimeType := manifest.GuessMIMEType(manifestBlob)
 	c.Assert(mimeType, check.Equals, expectedMIMEType)
 }
+
+const regConfFixture = "./fixtures/registries.conf"
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestSuccessCopySrcWithMirror(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://mirror.invalid/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestFailureCopySrcWithMirrorsUnavailable(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*no such host.*", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://invalid.invalid/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestSuccessCopySrcWithMirrorAndPrefix(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://gcr.invalid/foo/bar/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestFailureCopySrcWithMirrorAndPrefixUnavailable(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*no such host.*", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://gcr.invalid/wrong/prefix/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}

integration/fixtures/registries.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[[registry]]
+location = "mirror.invalid"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "mirror-1.invalid" },
+    { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
+]
+
+# This entry is currently unused and exists only to ensure
+# that the mirror.invalid/busybox is not rewritten twice.
+[[registry]]
+location = "gcr.io"
+prefix = "gcr.io/google-containers"
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "invalid.invalid"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "invalid-mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "invalid-mirror-1.invalid" },
+]
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "gcr.invalid"
+prefix = "gcr.invalid/foo/bar"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "wrong-mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
+]

vendor.conf

@@ -1,52 +1,67 @@
-github.com/urfave/cli v1.17.0
-github.com/containers/image master
-github.com/opencontainers/go-digest master
-gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1 ad4efe000aa550bb54918c06ebbadc0ff17687b9 https://github.com/cheggaaa/pb
-github.com/containers/storage master
+
+github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0
+github.com/kr/text v0.1.0
+github.com/containers/image 2c0349c99af7d90694b3faa0e9bde404d407b145
+github.com/containers/buildah 810efa340ab43753034e2ed08ec290e4abab7e72
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1
+golang.org/x/sync 42b317875d0fa942474b76e1b46a6060d720ae6e
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest c9281466c8b2f606084ac71339773efd177436e7
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.3
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
 github.com/go-check/check v1
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.1.3
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew master
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib master
-github.com/pkg/errors master
-golang.org/x/crypto master
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib 5d4384ee4fb2527b0a1256a821ebfc92f91efefc
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
+golang.org/x/crypto a4c6cb3142f211c99e4bf4cd769535b29a9b616f
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2
 # docker deps from https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/v1.11.2/hack/vendor.sh
-github.com/docker/docker 30eb4d8cdc422b023d5f11f29a82ecb73554183b
-github.com/docker/go-connections 3ede32e2033de7505e6500d6c868c2b9ed9f169d
+github.com/docker/docker da99009bbb1165d1ac5688b5c81d2f589d418341
+github.com/docker/go-connections 7beb39f0b969b075d1325fecb092faf27fd357b6
+github.com/containerd/continuity d8fb8589b0e8e85b8c8bbaa8840226d0dfeb7371
 github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2
 github.com/gorilla/context 14f550f51a
 github.com/gorilla/mux e444e69cbd
 github.com/docker/go-units 8a7beacffa3009a9ac66bad506b18ffdd110cf97
-golang.org/x/net master
+golang.org/x/net 45ffb0cd1ba084b73e26dee67e667e1be5acce83
 github.com/gogo/protobuf fcdc5011193ff531a548e9b0301828d5a5b97fd8
 # end docker deps
-golang.org/x/text master
-github.com/docker/distribution master
-github.com/docker/libtrust master
+golang.org/x/text e6919f6577db79269a6443b9dc46d18f2238fb5d
+github.com/docker/distribution 5f6282db7d65e6d72ad7c2cc66310724a57be716
+# docker/distributions dependencies
+# end of docker/distribution dependencies
+github.com/docker/libtrust aabc10ec26b754e797f9028f4589c5b7bd90dc20
 github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers d68f9aeca33f5fd3f08eeae5e9d175edf4e731d1
-github.com/opencontainers/runc master
-github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.0
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec 7b1e489870acb042978a3935d2fb76f8a79aff81
 # -- start OCI image validation requirements.
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0
 github.com/opencontainers/image-tools 6d941547fa1df31900990b3fb47ec2468c9c6469
-github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema master
-github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference master
-github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer master
-go4.org master https://github.com/camlistore/go4
-github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go aeb02c6b6aa2889db3ef62f7855650755befd460
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer 4e3ac2762d5f479393488629ee9370b50873b3a6
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference bd5ef7bd5415a7ac448318e64f11a24cd21e594b
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0
+go4.org ce4c26f7be8eb27dc77f996b08d286dd80bc4a01 https://github.com/camlistore/go4
+github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go 56f3a639dbc0f2f5051c6d52dade28a882ba78ce
 # -- end OCI image validation requirements
-github.com/mtrmac/gpgme master
+github.com/mtrmac/gpgme b2432428689ca58c2b8e8dea9449d3295cf96fc9
 # openshift/origin' k8s dependencies as of OpenShift v1.1.5
-github.com/golang/glog 44145f04b68cf362d9c4df2182967c2275eaefed
-k8s.io/client-go master
+k8s.io/client-go kubernetes-1.10.13-beta.0
 github.com/ghodss/yaml 73d445a93680fa1a78ae23a5839bad48f32ba1ee
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 d466437aa4adc35830964cffc5b5f262c63ddcb4
 github.com/imdario/mergo 6633656539c1639d9d78127b7d47c622b5d7b6dc
 # containers/storage's dependencies that aren't already being pulled in
 github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs 22c9b32c84eb0d0c6f4043b6e90fc94073de92fa
 github.com/pborman/uuid v1.0
-github.com/opencontainers/selinux master
-golang.org/x/sys master
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.1
+golang.org/x/sys 43e60d72a8e2bd92ee98319ba9a384a0e9837c08
 github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml master
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1
 github.com/pquerna/ffjson d49c2bc1aa135aad0c6f4fc2056623ec78f5d5ac
+github.com/syndtr/gocapability d98352740cb2c55f81556b63d4a1ec64c5a319c2
+github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0

vendor/github.com/VividCortex/ewma/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 VividCortex
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

vendor/github.com/VividCortex/ewma/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# EWMA [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/VividCortex/ewma?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/VividCortex/ewma) ![Build Status](https://circleci.com/gh/VividCortex/moving_average.png?circle-token=1459fa37f9ca0e50cef05d1963146d96d47ea523)
+
+This repo provides Exponentially Weighted Moving Average algorithms, or EWMAs for short, [based on our
+Quantifying Abnormal Behavior talk](https://vividcortex.com/blog/2013/07/23/a-fast-go-library-for-exponential-moving-averages/).
+
+### Exponentially Weighted Moving Average
+
+An exponentially weighted moving average is a way to continuously compute a type of
+average for a series of numbers, as the numbers arrive. After a value in the series is
+added to the average, its weight in the average decreases exponentially over time. This
+biases the average towards more recent data. EWMAs are useful for several reasons, chiefly
+their inexpensive computational and memory cost, as well as the fact that they represent
+the recent central tendency of the series of values.
+
+The EWMA algorithm requires a decay factor, alpha. The larger the alpha, the more the average
+is biased towards recent history. The alpha must be between 0 and 1, and is typically
+a fairly small number, such as 0.04. We will discuss the choice of alpha later.
+
+The algorithm works thus, in pseudocode:
+
+1. Multiply the next number in the series by alpha.
+2. Multiply the current value of the average by 1 minus alpha.
+3. Add the result of steps 1 and 2, and store it as the new current value of the average.
+4. Repeat for each number in the series.
+
+There are special-case behaviors for how to initialize the current value, and these vary
+between implementations. One approach is to start with the first value in the series;
+another is to average the first 10 or so values in the series using an arithmetic average,
+and then begin the incremental updating of the average. Each method has pros and cons.
+
+It may help to look at it pictorially. Suppose the series has five numbers, and we choose
+alpha to be 0.50 for simplicity. Here's the series, with numbers in the neighborhood of 300.
+
+![Data Series](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242350-463289a2-6977-11e7-88ca-fd778ccef1f0.png)
+
+Now let's take the moving average of those numbers. First we set the average to the value
+of the first number.
+
+![EWMA Step 1](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242353-464c96bc-6977-11e7-9981-dc4e0789c7ba.png)
+
+Next we multiply the next number by alpha, multiply the current value by 1-alpha, and add
+them to generate a new value.
+
+![EWMA Step 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242351-464abefa-6977-11e7-95d0-43900f29bef2.png)
+
+This continues until we are done.
+
+![EWMA Step N](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242352-464c58f0-6977-11e7-8cd0-e01e4efaac7f.png)
+
+Notice how each of the values in the series decays by half each time a new value
+is added, and the top of the bars in the lower portion of the image represents the
+size of the moving average. It is a smoothed, or low-pass, average of the original
+series.
+
+For further reading, see [Exponentially weighted moving average](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average#Exponential_moving_average) on wikipedia.
+
+### Choosing Alpha
+
+Consider a fixed-size sliding-window moving average (not an exponentially weighted moving average)
+that averages over the previous N samples. What is the average age of each sample? It is N/2.
+
+Now suppose that you wish to construct a EWMA whose samples have the same average age. The formula
+to compute the alpha required for this is: alpha = 2/(N+1). Proof is in the book
+"Production and Operations Analysis" by Steven Nahmias.
+
+So, for example, if you have a time-series with samples once per second, and you want to get the
+moving average over the previous minute, you should use an alpha of .032786885. This, by the way,
+is the constant alpha used for this repository's SimpleEWMA.
+
+### Implementations
+
+This repository contains two implementations of the EWMA algorithm, with different properties.
+
+The implementations all conform to the MovingAverage interface, and the constructor returns
+that type.
+
+Current implementations assume an implicit time interval of 1.0 between every sample added.
+That is, the passage of time is treated as though it's the same as the arrival of samples.
+If you need time-based decay when samples are not arriving precisely at set intervals, then
+this package will not support your needs at present.
+
+#### SimpleEWMA
+
+A SimpleEWMA is designed for low CPU and memory consumption. It **will** have different behavior than the VariableEWMA
+for multiple reasons. It has no warm-up period and it uses a constant
+decay.  These properties let it use less memory.  It will also behave
+differently when it's equal to zero, which is assumed to mean
+uninitialized, so if a value is likely to actually become zero over time,
+then any non-zero value will cause a sharp jump instead of a small change.
+
+#### VariableEWMA
+
+Unlike SimpleEWMA, this supports a custom age which must be stored, and thus uses more memory.
+It also has a "warmup" time when you start adding values to it. It will report a value of 0.0
+until you have added the required number of samples to it. It uses some memory to store the
+number of samples added to it. As a result it uses a little over twice the memory of SimpleEWMA.
+
+## Usage
+
+### API Documentation
+
+View the GoDoc generated documentation [here](http://godoc.org/github.com/VividCortex/ewma).
+
+```go
+package main
+import "github.com/VividCortex/ewma"
+
+func main() {
+  samples := [100]float64{
+    4599, 5711, 4746, 4621, 5037, 4218, 4925, 4281, 5207, 5203, 5594, 5149,
+  }
+
+  e := ewma.NewMovingAverage()       //=> Returns a SimpleEWMA if called without params
+  a := ewma.NewMovingAverage(5)      //=> returns a VariableEWMA with a decay of 2 / (5 + 1)
+
+  for _, f := range samples {
+    e.Add(f)
+    a.Add(f)
+  }
+
+  e.Value() //=> 13.577404704631077
+  a.Value() //=> 1.5806140565521463e-12
+}
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+We only accept pull requests for minor fixes or improvements. This includes:
+
+* Small bug fixes
+* Typos
+* Documentation or comments
+
+Please open issues to discuss new features. Pull requests for new features will be rejected,
+so we recommend forking the repository and making changes in your fork for your use case.
+
+## License
+
+This repository is Copyright (c) 2013 VividCortex, Inc. All rights reserved.
+It is licensed under the MIT license. Please see the LICENSE file for applicable license terms.

vendor/github.com/VividCortex/ewma/ewma.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Package ewma implements exponentially weighted moving averages.
+package ewma
+
+// Copyright (c) 2013 VividCortex, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Please see the LICENSE file for applicable license terms.
+
+const (
+	// By default, we average over a one-minute period, which means the average
+	// age of the metrics in the period is 30 seconds.
+	AVG_METRIC_AGE float64 = 30.0
+
+	// The formula for computing the decay factor from the average age comes
+	// from "Production and Operations Analysis" by Steven Nahmias.
+	DECAY float64 = 2 / (float64(AVG_METRIC_AGE) + 1)
+
+	// For best results, the moving average should not be initialized to the
+	// samples it sees immediately. The book "Production and Operations
+	// Analysis" by Steven Nahmias suggests initializing the moving average to
+	// the mean of the first 10 samples. Until the VariableEwma has seen this
+	// many samples, it is not "ready" to be queried for the value of the
+	// moving average. This adds some memory cost.
+	WARMUP_SAMPLES uint8 = 10
+)
+
+// MovingAverage is the interface that computes a moving average over a time-
+// series stream of numbers. The average may be over a window or exponentially
+// decaying.
+type MovingAverage interface {
+	Add(float64)
+	Value() float64
+	Set(float64)
+}
+
+// NewMovingAverage constructs a MovingAverage that computes an average with the
+// desired characteristics in the moving window or exponential decay. If no
+// age is given, it constructs a default exponentially weighted implementation
+// that consumes minimal memory. The age is related to the decay factor alpha
+// by the formula given for the DECAY constant. It signifies the average age
+// of the samples as time goes to infinity.
+func NewMovingAverage(age ...float64) MovingAverage {
+	if len(age) == 0 || age[0] == AVG_METRIC_AGE {
+		return new(SimpleEWMA)
+	}
+	return &VariableEWMA{
+		decay: 2 / (age[0] + 1),
+	}
+}
+
+// A SimpleEWMA represents the exponentially weighted moving average of a
+// series of numbers. It WILL have different behavior than the VariableEWMA
+// for multiple reasons. It has no warm-up period and it uses a constant
+// decay.  These properties let it use less memory.  It will also behave
+// differently when it's equal to zero, which is assumed to mean
+// uninitialized, so if a value is likely to actually become zero over time,
+// then any non-zero value will cause a sharp jump instead of a small change.
+// However, note that this takes a long time, and the value may just
+// decays to a stable value that's close to zero, but which won't be mistaken
+// for uninitialized. See http://play.golang.org/p/litxBDr_RC for example.
+type SimpleEWMA struct {
+	// The current value of the average. After adding with Add(), this is
+	// updated to reflect the average of all values seen thus far.
+	value float64
+}
+
+// Add adds a value to the series and updates the moving average.
+func (e *SimpleEWMA) Add(value float64) {
+	if e.value == 0 { // this is a proxy for "uninitialized"
+		e.value = value
+	} else {
+		e.value = (value * DECAY) + (e.value * (1 - DECAY))
+	}
+}
+
+// Value returns the current value of the moving average.
+func (e *SimpleEWMA) Value() float64 {
+	return e.value
+}
+
+// Set sets the EWMA's value.
+func (e *SimpleEWMA) Set(value float64) {
+	e.value = value
+}
+
+// VariableEWMA represents the exponentially weighted moving average of a series of
+// numbers. Unlike SimpleEWMA, it supports a custom age, and thus uses more memory.
+type VariableEWMA struct {
+	// The multiplier factor by which the previous samples decay.
+	decay float64
+	// The current value of the average.
+	value float64
+	// The number of samples added to this instance.
+	count uint8
+}
+
+// Add adds a value to the series and updates the moving average.
+func (e *VariableEWMA) Add(value float64) {
+	switch {
+	case e.count < WARMUP_SAMPLES:
+		e.count++
+		e.value += value
+	case e.count == WARMUP_SAMPLES:
+		e.count++
+		e.value = e.value / float64(WARMUP_SAMPLES)
+		e.value = (value * e.decay) + (e.value * (1 - e.decay))
+	default:
+		e.value = (value * e.decay) + (e.value * (1 - e.decay))
+	}
+}
+
+// Value returns the current value of the average, or 0.0 if the series hasn't
+// warmed up yet.
+func (e *VariableEWMA) Value() float64 {
+	if e.count <= WARMUP_SAMPLES {
+		return 0.0
+	}
+
+	return e.value
+}
+
+// Set sets the EWMA's value.
+func (e *VariableEWMA) Set(value float64) {
+	e.value = value
+	if e.count <= WARMUP_SAMPLES {
+		e.count = WARMUP_SAMPLES + 1
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/containerd/continuity/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
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+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
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+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
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+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
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+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
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+
+   Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+

vendor/github.com/containerd/continuity/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# continuity
+
+[![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/containerd/continuity?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/containerd/continuity)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/containerd/continuity.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/containerd/continuity)
+
+A transport-agnostic, filesystem metadata manifest system
+
+This project is a staging area for experiments in providing transport agnostic
+metadata storage.
+
+Please see https://github.com/opencontainers/specs/issues/11 for more details.
+
+## Manifest Format
+
+A continuity manifest encodes filesystem metadata in Protocol Buffers.
+Please refer to [proto/manifest.proto](proto/manifest.proto).
+
+## Usage
+
+Build:
+
+```console
+$ make
+```
+
+Create a manifest (of this repo itself):
+
+```console
+$ ./bin/continuity build . > /tmp/a.pb
+```
+
+Dump a manifest:
+
+```console
+$ ./bin/continuity ls /tmp/a.pb
+...
+-rw-rw-r--      270 B   /.gitignore
+-rw-rw-r--      88 B    /.mailmap
+-rw-rw-r--      187 B   /.travis.yml
+-rw-rw-r--      359 B   /AUTHORS
+-rw-rw-r--      11 kB   /LICENSE
+-rw-rw-r--      1.5 kB  /Makefile
+...
+-rw-rw-r--      986 B   /testutil_test.go
+drwxrwxr-x      0 B     /version
+-rw-rw-r--      478 B   /version/version.go
+```
+
+Verify a manifest:
+
+```console
+$ ./bin/continuity verify . /tmp/a.pb
+```
+
+Break the directory and restore using the manifest:
+```console
+$ chmod 777 Makefile
+$ ./bin/continuity verify . /tmp/a.pb
+2017/06/23 08:00:34 error verifying manifest: resource "/Makefile" has incorrect mode: -rwxrwxrwx != -rw-rw-r--
+$ ./bin/continuity apply . /tmp/a.pb
+$ stat -c %a Makefile
+664
+$ ./bin/continuity verify . /tmp/a.pb
+```
+
+
+## Contribution Guide
+### Building Proto Package
+
+If you change the proto file you will need to rebuild the generated Go with `go generate`.
+
+```console
+$ go generate ./proto
+```

vendor/github.com/containerd/continuity/pathdriver/path_driver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package pathdriver
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+// PathDriver provides all of the path manipulation functions in a common
+// interface. The context should call these and never use the `filepath`
+// package or any other package to manipulate paths.
+type PathDriver interface {
+	Join(paths ...string) string
+	IsAbs(path string) bool
+	Rel(base, target string) (string, error)
+	Base(path string) string
+	Dir(path string) string
+	Clean(path string) string
+	Split(path string) (dir, file string)
+	Separator() byte
+	Abs(path string) (string, error)
+	Walk(string, filepath.WalkFunc) error
+	FromSlash(path string) string
+	ToSlash(path string) string
+	Match(pattern, name string) (matched bool, err error)
+}
+
+// pathDriver is a simple default implementation calls the filepath package.
+type pathDriver struct{}
+
+// LocalPathDriver is the exported pathDriver struct for convenience.
+var LocalPathDriver PathDriver = &pathDriver{}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Join(paths ...string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(paths...)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) IsAbs(path string) bool {
+	return filepath.IsAbs(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Rel(base, target string) (string, error) {
+	return filepath.Rel(base, target)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Base(path string) string {
+	return filepath.Base(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Dir(path string) string {
+	return filepath.Dir(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Clean(path string) string {
+	return filepath.Clean(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Split(path string) (dir, file string) {
+	return filepath.Split(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Separator() byte {
+	return filepath.Separator
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Abs(path string) (string, error) {
+	return filepath.Abs(path)
+}
+
+// Note that filepath.Walk calls os.Stat, so if the context wants to
+// to call Driver.Stat() for Walk, they need to create a new struct that
+// overrides this method.
+func (*pathDriver) Walk(root string, walkFn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
+	return filepath.Walk(root, walkFn)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) FromSlash(path string) string {
+	return filepath.FromSlash(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) ToSlash(path string) string {
+	return filepath.ToSlash(path)
+}
+
+func (*pathDriver) Match(pattern, name string) (bool, error) {
+	return filepath.Match(pattern, name)
+}

vendor/github.com/containerd/continuity/vendor.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+bazil.org/fuse 371fbbdaa8987b715bdd21d6adc4c9b20155f748
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize bb3d318650d48840a39aa21a027c6630e198e626
+github.com/golang/protobuf 1e59b77b52bf8e4b449a57e6f79f21226d571845
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap 76626ae9c91c4f2a10f34cad8ce83ea42c93bb75
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest 279bed98673dd5bef374d3b6e4b09e2af76183bf
+github.com/pkg/errors f15c970de5b76fac0b59abb32d62c17cc7bed265
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus 89742aefa4b206dcf400792f3bd35b542998eb3b
+github.com/spf13/cobra 2da4a54c5ceefcee7ca5dd0eea1e18a3b6366489
+github.com/spf13/pflag 4c012f6dcd9546820e378d0bdda4d8fc772cdfea
+golang.org/x/crypto 9f005a07e0d31d45e6656d241bb5c0f2efd4bc94
+golang.org/x/net a337091b0525af65de94df2eb7e98bd9962dcbe2
+golang.org/x/sync 450f422ab23cf9881c94e2db30cac0eb1b7cf80c
+golang.org/x/sys 665f6529cca930e27b831a0d1dafffbe1c172924

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
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+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
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+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
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+
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+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
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+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
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+
+   Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+![buildah logo](https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/buildah/master/logos/buildah-logo_large.png)
+
+# [Buildah](https://www.youtube.com/embed/YVk5NgSiUw8) - a tool that facilitates building [Open Container Initiative (OCI)](https://www.opencontainers.org/) container images
+
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/containers/buildah)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/containers/buildah)
+[![Travis](https://travis-ci.org/containers/buildah.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/containers/buildah)
+
+The Buildah package provides a command line tool that can be used to
+* create a working container, either from scratch or using an image as a starting point
+* create an image, either from a working container or via the instructions in a Dockerfile
+* images can be built in either the OCI image format or the traditional upstream docker image format
+* mount a working container's root filesystem for manipulation
+* unmount a working container's root filesystem
+* use the updated contents of a container's root filesystem as a filesystem layer to create a new image
+* delete a working container or an image
+* rename a local container
+
+## Buildah Information for Developers
+
+For blogs, release announcements and more, please checkout the [buildah.io](https://buildah.io) website!
+
+**[Buildah Demos](demos)**
+
+**[Changelog](CHANGELOG.md)**
+
+**[Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)**
+
+**[Development Plan](developmentplan.md)**
+
+**[Installation notes](install.md)**
+
+**[Troubleshooting Guide](troubleshooting.md)**
+
+**[Tutorials](docs/tutorials)**
+
+## Buildah and Podman relationship
+
+Buildah and Podman are two complementary open-source projects that are
+available on most Linux platforms and both projects reside at
+[GitHub.com](https://github.com) with Buildah
+[here](https://github.com/containers/buildah) and Podman
+[here](https://github.com/containers/libpod).  Both, Buildah and Podman are
+command line tools that work on Open Container Initiative (OCI) images and
+containers.  The two projects differentiate in their specialization.
+
+Buildah specializes in building OCI images.  Buildah's commands replicate all
+of the commands that are found in a Dockerfile.  This allows building images
+with and without Dockerfiles while not requiring any root privileges.
+Buildah’s ultimate goal is to provide a lower-level coreutils interface to
+build images.  The flexibility of building images without Dockerfiles allows
+for the integration of other scripting languages into the build process.
+Buildah follows a simple fork-exec model and does not run as a daemon
+but it is based on a comprehensive API in golang, which can be vendored
+into other tools.
+
+Podman specializes in all of the commands and functions that help you to maintain and modify
+OCI images, such as pulling and tagging.  It also allows you to create, run, and maintain those containers
+created from those images.
+
+A major difference between Podman and Buildah is their concept of a container.  Podman
+allows users to create "traditional containers" where the intent of these containers is
+to be long lived.  While Buildah containers are really just created to allow content
+to be added back to the container image.  An easy way to think of it is the
+`buildah run` command emulates the RUN command in a Dockerfile while the `podman run`
+command emulates the `docker run` command in functionality.  Because of this and their underlying
+storage differences, you can not see Podman containers from within Buildah or vice versa.
+
+In short, Buildah is an efficient way to create OCI images while Podman allows
+you to manage and maintain those images and containers in a production environment using
+familiar container cli commands.  For more details, see the
+[Container Tools Guide](https://github.com/containers/buildah/tree/master/docs/containertools).
+
+## Example
+
+From [`./examples/lighttpd.sh`](examples/lighttpd.sh):
+
+```bash
+$ cat > lighttpd.sh <<"EOF"
+#!/bin/bash -x
+
+ctr1=$(buildah from "${1:-fedora}")
+
+## Get all updates and install our minimal httpd server
+buildah run "$ctr1" -- dnf update -y
+buildah run "$ctr1" -- dnf install -y lighttpd
+
+## Include some buildtime annotations
+buildah config --annotation "com.example.build.host=$(uname -n)" "$ctr1"
+
+## Run our server and expose the port
+buildah config --cmd "/usr/sbin/lighttpd -D -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" "$ctr1"
+buildah config --port 80 "$ctr1"
+
+## Commit this container to an image name
+buildah commit "$ctr1" "${2:-$USER/lighttpd}"
+EOF
+
+$ chmod +x lighttpd.sh
+$ sudo ./lighttpd.sh
+```
+
+## Commands
+| Command                                              | Description                                                                                          |
+| ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [buildah-add(1)](/docs/buildah-add.md)               | Add the contents of a file, URL, or a directory to the container.                                    |
+| [buildah-bud(1)](/docs/buildah-bud.md)               | Build an image using instructions from Dockerfiles.                                                  |
+| [buildah-commit(1)](/docs/buildah-commit.md)         | Create an image from a working container.                                                            |
+| [buildah-config(1)](/docs/buildah-config.md)         | Update image configuration settings.                                                                 |
+| [buildah-containers(1)](/docs/buildah-containers.md) | List the working containers and their base images.                                                   |
+| [buildah-copy(1)](/docs/buildah-copy.md)             | Copies the contents of a file, URL, or directory into a container's working directory.               |
+| [buildah-from(1)](/docs/buildah-from.md)             | Creates a new working container, either from scratch or using a specified image as a starting point. |
+| [buildah-images(1)](/docs/buildah-images.md)         | List images in local storage.                                                                        |
+| [buildah-info(1)](/docs/buildah-info.md)             | Display Buildah system information.                                                                  |
+| [buildah-inspect(1)](/docs/buildah-inspect.md)       | Inspects the configuration of a container or image.                                                  |
+| [buildah-mount(1)](/docs/buildah-mount.md)           | Mount the working container's root filesystem.                                                       |
+| [buildah-pull(1)](/docs/buildah-pull.md)             | Pull an image from the specified location.                                                           |
+| [buildah-push(1)](/docs/buildah-push.md)             | Push an image from local storage to elsewhere.                                                       |
+| [buildah-rename(1)](/docs/buildah-rename.md)         | Rename a local container.                                                                            |
+| [buildah-rm(1)](/docs/buildah-rm.md)                 | Removes one or more working containers.                                                              |
+| [buildah-rmi(1)](/docs/buildah-rmi.md)               | Removes one or more images.                                                                          |
+| [buildah-run(1)](/docs/buildah-run.md)               | Run a command inside of the container.                                                               |
+| [buildah-tag(1)](/docs/buildah-tag.md)               | Add an additional name to a local image.                                                             |
+| [buildah-umount(1)](/docs/buildah-umount.md)         | Unmount a working container's root file system.                                                      |
+| [buildah-unshare(1)](/docs/buildah-unshare.md)       | Launch a command in a user namespace with modified ID mappings.                                      |
+| [buildah-version(1)](/docs/buildah-version.md)       | Display the Buildah Version Information                                                              |
+
+**Future goals include:**
+* more CI tests
+* additional CLI commands (?)

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare.c

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <linux/memfd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
+#define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE 1024
+#endif
+#ifndef F_ADD_SEALS
+#define F_ADD_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 9)
+#define F_GET_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 10)
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_SEAL
+#define F_SEAL_SEAL   0x0001LU
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_SHRINK
+#define F_SEAL_SHRINK 0x0002LU
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_GROW
+#define F_SEAL_GROW   0x0004LU
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_WRITE
+#define F_SEAL_WRITE  0x0008LU
+#endif
+
+#define BUFSTEP 1024
+
+static const char *_max_user_namespaces = "/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces";
+static const char *_unprivileged_user_namespaces = "/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone";
+
+static int _containers_unshare_parse_envint(const char *envname) {
+	char *p, *q;
+	long l;
+
+	p = getenv(envname);
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	q = NULL;
+	l = strtol(p, &q, 10);
+	if ((q == NULL) || (*q != '\0')) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error parsing \"%s\"=\"%s\"!\n", envname, p);
+		_exit(1);
+	}
+	unsetenv(envname);
+	return l;
+}
+
+static void _check_proc_sys_file(const char *path)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	char buf[32];
+	size_t n_read;
+	long r;
+
+	fp = fopen(path, "r");
+	if (fp == NULL) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error reading %s: %m\n", _max_user_namespaces);
+	} else {
+		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+		n_read = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf) - 1, fp);
+		if (n_read > 0) {
+			r = atoi(buf);
+			if (r == 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "User namespaces are not enabled in %s.\n", path);
+			}
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error reading %s: no contents, should contain a number greater than 0.\n", path);
+		}
+		fclose(fp);
+	}
+}
+
+static char **parse_proc_stringlist(const char *list) {
+	int fd, n, i, n_strings;
+	char *buf, *new_buf, **ret;
+	size_t size, new_size, used;
+
+	fd = open(list, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	buf = NULL;
+	size = 0;
+	used = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		new_size = used + BUFSTEP;
+		new_buf = realloc(buf, new_size);
+		if (new_buf == NULL) {
+			free(buf);
+			fprintf(stderr, "realloc(%ld): out of memory\n", (long)(size + BUFSTEP));
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		buf = new_buf;
+		size = new_size;
+		memset(buf + used, '\0', size - used);
+		n = read(fd, buf + used, size - used - 1);
+		if (n < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "read(): %m\n");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if (n == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		used += n;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	n_strings = 0;
+	for (n = 0; n < used; n++) {
+		if ((n == 0) || (buf[n-1] == '\0')) {
+			n_strings++;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = calloc(n_strings + 1, sizeof(char *));
+	if (ret == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "calloc(): out of memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	i = 0;
+	for (n = 0; n < used; n++) {
+		if ((n == 0) || (buf[n-1] == '\0')) {
+			ret[i++] = &buf[n];
+		}
+	}
+	ret[i] = NULL;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int containers_reexec(void) {
+	char **argv, *exename;
+	int fd, mmfd, n_read, n_written;
+	struct stat st;
+	char buf[2048];
+
+	argv = parse_proc_stringlist("/proc/self/cmdline");
+	if (argv == NULL) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fd = open("/proc/self/exe", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "open(\"/proc/self/exe\"): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "fstat(\"/proc/self/exe\"): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	exename = basename(argv[0]);
+	mmfd = syscall(SYS_memfd_create, exename, (long) MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_CLOEXEC);
+	if (mmfd == -1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "memfd_create(): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		n_read = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (n_read < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "read(\"/proc/self/exe\"): %m\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (n_read == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		n_written = write(mmfd, buf, n_read);
+		if (n_written < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "write(anonfd): %m\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (n_written != n_read) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "write(anonfd): short write (%d != %d)\n", n_written, n_read);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	if (fcntl(mmfd, F_ADD_SEALS, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SEAL) == -1) {
+		close(mmfd);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error sealing memfd copy: %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (fexecve(mmfd, argv, environ) == -1) {
+		close(mmfd);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error during reexec(...): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void _containers_unshare(void)
+{
+	int flags, pidfd, continuefd, n, pgrp, sid, ctty;
+	char buf[2048];
+
+	flags = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-unshare");
+	if (flags == -1) {
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER): %m\n");
+                        _check_proc_sys_file (_max_user_namespaces);
+                        _check_proc_sys_file (_unprivileged_user_namespaces);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	pidfd = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-pid-pipe");
+	if (pidfd != -1) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu", (unsigned long long) getpid());
+		size_t size = write(pidfd, buf, strlen(buf));
+		if (size != strlen(buf)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error writing PID to pipe on fd %d: %m\n", pidfd);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+		close(pidfd);
+	}
+	continuefd = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-continue-pipe");
+	if (continuefd != -1) {
+		n = read(continuefd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (n > 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error: %.*s\n", n, buf);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+		close(continuefd);
+	}
+	sid = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-setsid");
+	if (sid == 1) {
+		if (setsid() == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setsid: %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	pgrp = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-setpgrp");
+	if (pgrp == 1) {
+		if (setpgrp() == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setpgrp: %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	ctty = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-ctty");
+	if (ctty != -1) {
+		if (ioctl(ctty, TIOCSCTTY, 0) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error while setting controlling terminal to %d: %m\n", ctty);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ((flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
+		if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setresgid(0): %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+		if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setresuid(0): %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ((flags & ~CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
+		if (unshare(flags & ~CLONE_NEWUSER) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during unshare(...): %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (containers_reexec() != 0) {
+		_exit(1);
+	}
+	return;
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare.go

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+// +build linux
+
+package unshare
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools"
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
+)
+
+// Cmd wraps an exec.Cmd created by the reexec package in unshare(), and
+// handles setting ID maps and other related settings by triggering
+// initialization code in the child.
+type Cmd struct {
+	*exec.Cmd
+	UnshareFlags               int
+	UseNewuidmap               bool
+	UidMappings                []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	UseNewgidmap               bool
+	GidMappings                []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	GidMappingsEnableSetgroups bool
+	Setsid                     bool
+	Setpgrp                    bool
+	Ctty                       *os.File
+	OOMScoreAdj                *int
+	Hook                       func(pid int) error
+}
+
+// Command creates a new Cmd which can be customized.
+func Command(args ...string) *Cmd {
+	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
+	return &Cmd{
+		Cmd: cmd,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) Start() error {
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	// Set an environment variable to tell the child to synchronize its startup.
+	if c.Env == nil {
+		c.Env = os.Environ()
+	}
+	c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-unshare=%d", c.UnshareFlags))
+
+	// Please the libpod "rootless" package to find the expected env variables.
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, "_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED=done")
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID=%d", os.Geteuid()))
+	}
+
+	// Create the pipe for reading the child's PID.
+	pidRead, pidWrite, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating pid pipe")
+	}
+	c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-pid-pipe=%d", len(c.ExtraFiles)+3))
+	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, pidWrite)
+
+	// Create the pipe for letting the child know to proceed.
+	continueRead, continueWrite, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		pidRead.Close()
+		pidWrite.Close()
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating pid pipe")
+	}
+	c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-continue-pipe=%d", len(c.ExtraFiles)+3))
+	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, continueRead)
+
+	// Pass along other instructions.
+	if c.Setsid {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, "_Containers-setsid=1")
+	}
+	if c.Setpgrp {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, "_Containers-setpgrp=1")
+	}
+	if c.Ctty != nil {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-ctty=%d", len(c.ExtraFiles)+3))
+		c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, c.Ctty)
+	}
+
+	// Make sure we clean up our pipes.
+	defer func() {
+		if pidRead != nil {
+			pidRead.Close()
+		}
+		if pidWrite != nil {
+			pidWrite.Close()
+		}
+		if continueRead != nil {
+			continueRead.Close()
+		}
+		if continueWrite != nil {
+			continueWrite.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Start the new process.
+	err = c.Cmd.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Close the ends of the pipes that the parent doesn't need.
+	continueRead.Close()
+	continueRead = nil
+	pidWrite.Close()
+	pidWrite = nil
+
+	// Read the child's PID from the pipe.
+	pidString := ""
+	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	io.Copy(b, pidRead)
+	pidString = b.String()
+	pid, err := strconv.Atoi(pidString)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error parsing PID %q: %v", pidString, err)
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing PID %q", pidString)
+	}
+	pidString = fmt.Sprintf("%d", pid)
+
+	// If we created a new user namespace, set any specified mappings.
+	if c.UnshareFlags&syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER != 0 {
+		// Always set "setgroups".
+		setgroups, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/setgroups", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening setgroups: %v", err)
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+		}
+		defer setgroups.Close()
+		if c.GidMappingsEnableSetgroups {
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(setgroups, "allow"); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing \"allow\" to setgroups: %v", err)
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening \"allow\" to /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(setgroups, "deny"); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing \"deny\" to setgroups: %v", err)
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing \"deny\" to /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(c.UidMappings) == 0 || len(c.GidMappings) == 0 {
+			uidmap, gidmap, err := GetHostIDMappings("")
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error reading ID mappings in parent: %v", err)
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading ID mappings in parent")
+			}
+			if len(c.UidMappings) == 0 {
+				c.UidMappings = uidmap
+				for i := range c.UidMappings {
+					c.UidMappings[i].HostID = c.UidMappings[i].ContainerID
+				}
+			}
+			if len(c.GidMappings) == 0 {
+				c.GidMappings = gidmap
+				for i := range c.GidMappings {
+					c.GidMappings[i].HostID = c.GidMappings[i].ContainerID
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(c.GidMappings) > 0 {
+			// Build the GID map, since writing to the proc file has to be done all at once.
+			g := new(bytes.Buffer)
+			for _, m := range c.GidMappings {
+				fmt.Fprintf(g, "%d %d %d\n", m.ContainerID, m.HostID, m.Size)
+			}
+			// Set the GID map.
+			if c.UseNewgidmap {
+				cmd := exec.Command("newgidmap", append([]string{pidString}, strings.Fields(strings.Replace(g.String(), "\n", " ", -1))...)...)
+				g.Reset()
+				cmd.Stdout = g
+				cmd.Stderr = g
+				err := cmd.Run()
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error running newgidmap: %v: %s", err, g.String())
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error running newgidmap: %s", g.String())
+				}
+			} else {
+				gidmap, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/gid_map", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening /proc/%s/gid_map: %v", pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/gid_map", pidString)
+				}
+				defer gidmap.Close()
+				if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(gidmap, "%s", g.String()); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/gid_map: %v", g.String(), pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/gid_map", g.String(), pidString)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(c.UidMappings) > 0 {
+			// Build the UID map, since writing to the proc file has to be done all at once.
+			u := new(bytes.Buffer)
+			for _, m := range c.UidMappings {
+				fmt.Fprintf(u, "%d %d %d\n", m.ContainerID, m.HostID, m.Size)
+			}
+			// Set the GID map.
+			if c.UseNewuidmap {
+				cmd := exec.Command("newuidmap", append([]string{pidString}, strings.Fields(strings.Replace(u.String(), "\n", " ", -1))...)...)
+				u.Reset()
+				cmd.Stdout = u
+				cmd.Stderr = u
+				err := cmd.Run()
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error running newuidmap: %v: %s", err, u.String())
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error running newuidmap: %s", u.String())
+				}
+			} else {
+				uidmap, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/uid_map", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening /proc/%s/uid_map: %v", pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/uid_map", pidString)
+				}
+				defer uidmap.Close()
+				if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(uidmap, "%s", u.String()); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/uid_map: %v", u.String(), pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/uid_map", u.String(), pidString)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c.OOMScoreAdj != nil {
+		oomScoreAdj, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/oom_score_adj", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening oom_score_adj: %v", err)
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/oom_score_adj", pidString)
+		}
+		defer oomScoreAdj.Close()
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(oomScoreAdj, "%d\n", *c.OOMScoreAdj); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing \"%d\" to oom_score_adj: %v", c.OOMScoreAdj, err)
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing \"%d\" to /proc/%s/oom_score_adj", c.OOMScoreAdj, pidString)
+		}
+	}
+	// Run any additional setup that we want to do before the child starts running proper.
+	if c.Hook != nil {
+		if err = c.Hook(pid); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "hook error: %v", err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) Run() error {
+	if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.Wait()
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("unshare: CombinedOutput() not implemented")
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) Output() ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("unshare: Output() not implemented")
+}
+
+var (
+	isRootlessOnce sync.Once
+	isRootless     bool
+)
+
+const (
+	// UsernsEnvName is the environment variable, if set indicates in rootless mode
+	UsernsEnvName = "_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED"
+)
+
+// IsRootless tells us if we are running in rootless mode
+func IsRootless() bool {
+	isRootlessOnce.Do(func() {
+		isRootless = os.Geteuid() != 0 || os.Getenv(UsernsEnvName) != ""
+	})
+	return isRootless
+}
+
+// GetRootlessUID returns the UID of the user in the parent userNS
+func GetRootlessUID() int {
+	uidEnv := os.Getenv("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID")
+	if uidEnv != "" {
+		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(uidEnv)
+		return u
+	}
+	return os.Getuid()
+}
+
+// RootlessEnv returns the environment settings for the rootless containers
+func RootlessEnv() []string {
+	return append(os.Environ(), UsernsEnvName+"=done")
+}
+
+type Runnable interface {
+	Run() error
+}
+
+func bailOnError(err error, format string, a ...interface{}) {
+	if err != nil {
+		if format != "" {
+			logrus.Errorf("%s: %v", fmt.Sprintf(format, a...), err)
+		} else {
+			logrus.Errorf("%v", err)
+		}
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace re-exec the process in a new namespace
+func MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(evenForRoot bool) {
+	// If we've already been through this once, no need to try again.
+	if os.Geteuid() == 0 && IsRootless() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var uidNum, gidNum uint64
+	// Figure out who we are.
+	me, err := user.Current()
+	if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		bailOnError(err, "error determining current user")
+		uidNum, err = strconv.ParseUint(me.Uid, 10, 32)
+		bailOnError(err, "error parsing current UID %s", me.Uid)
+		gidNum, err = strconv.ParseUint(me.Gid, 10, 32)
+		bailOnError(err, "error parsing current GID %s", me.Gid)
+	}
+
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	// ID mappings to use to reexec ourselves.
+	var uidmap, gidmap []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	if uidNum != 0 || evenForRoot {
+		// Read the set of ID mappings that we're allowed to use.  Each
+		// range in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid file is a starting host
+		// ID and a range size.
+		uidmap, gidmap, err = GetSubIDMappings(me.Username, me.Username)
+		bailOnError(err, "error reading allowed ID mappings")
+		if len(uidmap) == 0 {
+			logrus.Warnf("Found no UID ranges set aside for user %q in /etc/subuid.", me.Username)
+		}
+		if len(gidmap) == 0 {
+			logrus.Warnf("Found no GID ranges set aside for user %q in /etc/subgid.", me.Username)
+		}
+		// Map our UID and GID, then the subuid and subgid ranges,
+		// consecutively, starting at 0, to get the mappings to use for
+		// a copy of ourselves.
+		uidmap = append([]specs.LinuxIDMapping{{HostID: uint32(uidNum), ContainerID: 0, Size: 1}}, uidmap...)
+		gidmap = append([]specs.LinuxIDMapping{{HostID: uint32(gidNum), ContainerID: 0, Size: 1}}, gidmap...)
+		var rangeStart uint32
+		for i := range uidmap {
+			uidmap[i].ContainerID = rangeStart
+			rangeStart += uidmap[i].Size
+		}
+		rangeStart = 0
+		for i := range gidmap {
+			gidmap[i].ContainerID = rangeStart
+			rangeStart += gidmap[i].Size
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN, then we don't need to create a new namespace in order to be able
+		// to use unshare(), so don't bother creating a new user namespace at this point.
+		capabilities, err := capability.NewPid(0)
+		bailOnError(err, "error reading the current capabilities sets")
+		if capabilities.Get(capability.EFFECTIVE, capability.CAP_SYS_ADMIN) {
+			return
+		}
+		// Read the set of ID mappings that we're currently using.
+		uidmap, gidmap, err = GetHostIDMappings("")
+		bailOnError(err, "error reading current ID mappings")
+		// Just reuse them.
+		for i := range uidmap {
+			uidmap[i].HostID = uidmap[i].ContainerID
+		}
+		for i := range gidmap {
+			gidmap[i].HostID = gidmap[i].ContainerID
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Unlike most uses of reexec or unshare, we're using a name that
+	// _won't_ be recognized as a registered reexec handler, since we
+	// _want_ to fall through reexec.Init() to the normal main().
+	cmd := Command(append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("%s-in-a-user-namespace", os.Args[0])}, os.Args[1:]...)...)
+
+	// If, somehow, we don't become UID 0 in our child, indicate that the child shouldn't try again.
+	err = os.Setenv(UsernsEnvName, "1")
+	bailOnError(err, "error setting %s=1 in environment", UsernsEnvName)
+
+	// Set the default isolation type to use the "rootless" method.
+	if _, present := os.LookupEnv("BUILDAH_ISOLATION"); !present {
+		if err = os.Setenv("BUILDAH_ISOLATION", "rootless"); err != nil {
+			if err := os.Setenv("BUILDAH_ISOLATION", "rootless"); err != nil {
+				logrus.Errorf("error setting BUILDAH_ISOLATION=rootless in environment: %v", err)
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reuse our stdio.
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	// Set up a new user namespace with the ID mapping.
+	cmd.UnshareFlags = syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER | syscall.CLONE_NEWNS
+	cmd.UseNewuidmap = uidNum != 0
+	cmd.UidMappings = uidmap
+	cmd.UseNewgidmap = uidNum != 0
+	cmd.GidMappings = gidmap
+	cmd.GidMappingsEnableSetgroups = true
+
+	// Finish up.
+	logrus.Debugf("running %+v with environment %+v, UID map %+v, and GID map %+v", cmd.Cmd.Args, os.Environ(), cmd.UidMappings, cmd.GidMappings)
+	ExecRunnable(cmd)
+}
+
+// ExecRunnable runs the specified unshare command, captures its exit status,
+// and exits with the same status.
+func ExecRunnable(cmd Runnable) {
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if exitError, ok := errors.Cause(err).(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			if exitError.ProcessState.Exited() {
+				if waitStatus, ok := exitError.ProcessState.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok {
+					if waitStatus.Exited() {
+						logrus.Errorf("%v", exitError)
+						os.Exit(waitStatus.ExitStatus())
+					}
+					if waitStatus.Signaled() {
+						logrus.Errorf("%v", exitError)
+						os.Exit(int(waitStatus.Signal()) + 128)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		logrus.Errorf("%v", err)
+		logrus.Errorf("(unable to determine exit status)")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+// getHostIDMappings reads mappings from the named node under /proc.
+func getHostIDMappings(path string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	var mappings []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading ID mappings from %q", path)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		fields := strings.Fields(line)
+		if len(fields) != 3 {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("line %q from %q has %d fields, not 3", line, path, len(fields))
+		}
+		cid, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[0], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing container ID value %q from line %q in %q", fields[0], line, path)
+		}
+		hid, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[1], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing host ID value %q from line %q in %q", fields[1], line, path)
+		}
+		size, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[2], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing size value %q from line %q in %q", fields[2], line, path)
+		}
+		mappings = append(mappings, specs.LinuxIDMapping{ContainerID: uint32(cid), HostID: uint32(hid), Size: uint32(size)})
+	}
+	return mappings, nil
+}
+
+// GetHostIDMappings reads mappings for the specified process (or the current
+// process if pid is "self" or an empty string) from the kernel.
+func GetHostIDMappings(pid string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, []specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	if pid == "" {
+		pid = "self"
+	}
+	uidmap, err := getHostIDMappings(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/uid_map", pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	gidmap, err := getHostIDMappings(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/gid_map", pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return uidmap, gidmap, nil
+}
+
+// GetSubIDMappings reads mappings from /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid.
+func GetSubIDMappings(user, group string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, []specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	mappings, err := idtools.NewIDMappings(user, group)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading subuid mappings for user %q and subgid mappings for group %q", user, group)
+	}
+	var uidmap, gidmap []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	for _, m := range mappings.UIDs() {
+		uidmap = append(uidmap, specs.LinuxIDMapping{
+			ContainerID: uint32(m.ContainerID),
+			HostID:      uint32(m.HostID),
+			Size:        uint32(m.Size),
+		})
+	}
+	for _, m := range mappings.GIDs() {
+		gidmap = append(gidmap, specs.LinuxIDMapping{
+			ContainerID: uint32(m.ContainerID),
+			HostID:      uint32(m.HostID),
+			Size:        uint32(m.Size),
+		})
+	}
+	return uidmap, gidmap, nil
+}
+
+// ParseIDMappings parses mapping triples.
+func ParseIDMappings(uidmap, gidmap []string) ([]idtools.IDMap, []idtools.IDMap, error) {
+	uid, err := idtools.ParseIDMap(uidmap, "userns-uid-map")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	gid, err := idtools.ParseIDMap(gidmap, "userns-gid-map")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return uid, gid, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare_cgo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// +build linux,cgo,!gccgo
+
+package unshare
+
+// #cgo CFLAGS: -Wall
+// extern void _containers_unshare(void);
+// void __attribute__((constructor)) init(void) {
+//   _containers_unshare();
+// }
+import "C"

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare_gccgo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// +build linux,cgo,gccgo
+
+package unshare
+
+// #cgo CFLAGS: -Wall -Wextra
+// extern void _containers_unshare(void);
+// void __attribute__((constructor)) init(void) {
+//   _containers_unshare();
+// }
+import "C"
+
+// This next bit is straight out of libcontainer.
+
+// AlwaysFalse is here to stay false
+// (and be exported so the compiler doesn't optimize out its reference)
+var AlwaysFalse bool
+
+func init() {
+	if AlwaysFalse {
+		// by referencing this C init() in a noop test, it will ensure the compiler
+		// links in the C function.
+		// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65134
+		C.init()
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package unshare
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+)
+
+const (
+	// UsernsEnvName is the environment variable, if set indicates in rootless mode
+	UsernsEnvName = "_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED"
+)
+
+// IsRootless tells us if we are running in rootless mode
+func IsRootless() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// GetRootlessUID returns the UID of the user in the parent userNS
+func GetRootlessUID() int {
+	return os.Getuid()
+}
+
+// RootlessEnv returns the environment settings for the rootless containers
+func RootlessEnv() []string {
+	return append(os.Environ(), UsernsEnvName+"=")
+}
+
+// MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace re-exec the process in a new namespace
+func MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(evenForRoot bool) {
+}
+
+// GetHostIDMappings reads mappings for the specified process (or the current
+// process if pid is "self" or an empty string) from the kernel.
+func GetHostIDMappings(pid string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, []specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	return nil, nil, nil
+}
+
+// ParseIDMappings parses mapping triples.
+func ParseIDMappings(uidmap, gidmap []string) ([]idtools.IDMap, []idtools.IDMap, error) {
+	return nil, nil, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/vendor.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm d6e3b3328b783f23731bc4d058875b0371ff8109
+github.com/blang/semver v3.5.0
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.2.0
+github.com/containerd/continuity 004b46473808b3e7a4a3049c20e4376c91eb966d
+github.com/containernetworking/cni v0.7.0-rc2
+github.com/containers/image f52cf78ebfa1916da406f8b6210d8f7764ec1185
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1
+github.com/boltdb/bolt v1.3.1
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.2
+github.com/docker/distribution 5f6282db7d65e6d72ad7c2cc66310724a57be716
+github.com/docker/docker 54dddadc7d5d89fe0be88f76979f6f6ab0dede83
+github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.1
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.3.2
+github.com/docker/libtrust aabc10ec26b754e797f9028f4589c5b7bd90dc20
+github.com/docker/libnetwork 1a06131fb8a047d919f7deaf02a4c414d7884b83
+github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient v1.3.0
+github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.2.0
+github.com/gorilla/context v1.1.1
+github.com/gorilla/mux v1.6.2
+github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.0.0
+github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.0.0
+github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6
+github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.3
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.11
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.3
+github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs v2.1.1
+github.com/moby/moby f8806b18b4b92c5e1980f6e11c917fad201cd73c
+github.com/mtrmac/gpgme b2432428689ca58c2b8e8dea9449d3295cf96fc9
+# TODO: Gotty has not been updated since 2012. Can we find a replacement?
+github.com/Nvveen/Gotty cd527374f1e5bff4938207604a14f2e38a9cf512
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest c9281466c8b2f606084ac71339773efd177436e7
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.0
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.8.0
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.1
+github.com/openshift/imagebuilder v1.1.0
+github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go 9ab99253d365aac3a330d1f7281cf29f3d22820b
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
+github.com/pquerna/ffjson d49c2bc1aa135aad0c6f4fc2056623ec78f5d5ac
+github.com/seccomp/libseccomp-golang v0.9.0
+github.com/seccomp/containers-golang v0.1
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
+github.com/syndtr/gocapability d98352740cb2c55f81556b63d4a1ec64c5a319c2
+github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.5
+github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer 4e3ac2762d5f479393488629ee9370b50873b3a6
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference bd5ef7bd5415a7ac448318e64f11a24cd21e594b
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0
+golang.org/x/crypto ff983b9c42bc9fbf91556e191cc8efb585c16908 https://github.com/golang/crypto
+golang.org/x/net 45ffb0cd1ba084b73e26dee67e667e1be5acce83 https://github.com/golang/net
+golang.org/x/sync 37e7f081c4d4c64e13b10787722085407fe5d15f https://github.com/golang/sync
+golang.org/x/sys 7fbe1cd0fcc20051e1fcb87fbabec4a1bacaaeba https://github.com/golang/sys
+golang.org/x/text e6919f6577db79269a6443b9dc46d18f2238fb5d https://github.com/golang/text
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2
+k8s.io/client-go kubernetes-1.10.13-beta.0 https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go
+github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0
+github.com/onsi/gomega v1.4.3
+github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.3
+github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
+github.com/ishidawataru/sctp 07191f837fedd2f13d1ec7b5f885f0f3ec54b1cb

vendor/github.com/containers/image/README.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ them as necessary, and to sign and verify images.
 The containers/image project is only a library with no user interface;
 you can either incorporate it into your Go programs, or use the `skopeo` tool:
 
-The [skopeo](https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo) tool uses the
+The [skopeo](https://github.com/containers/skopeo) tool uses the
 containers/image library and takes advantage of many of its features,
 e.g. `skopeo copy` exposes the `containers/image/copy.Image` functionality.
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ What this project tests against dependencies-wise is located
 ## Building
 
 If you want to see what the library can do, or an example of how it is called,
-consider starting with the [skopeo](https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo) tool
+consider starting with the [skopeo](https://github.com/containers/skopeo) tool
 instead.
 
 To integrate this library into your project, put it into `$GOPATH` or use
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ are also available
 
 This library, by default, also depends on the GpgME and libostree C libraries. Either install them:
 ```sh
-Fedora$ dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel libostree-devel
+Fedora$ dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel ostree-devel
 macOS$ brew install gpgme
 ```
 or use the build tags described below to avoid the dependencies (e.g. using `go build -tags …`)
@@ -65,13 +65,17 @@ the primary downside is that creating new signatures with the Golang-only implem
 - `containers_image_ostree_stub`: Instead of importing `ostree:` transport in `github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports`, use a stub which reports that the transport is not supported. This allows building the library without requiring the `libostree` development libraries. The `github.com/containers/image/ostree` package is completely disabled
 and impossible to import when this build tag is in use.
 
-## Contributing
+## [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+
+Information about contributing to this project.
 
 When developing this library, please use `make` (or `make … BUILDTAGS=…`) to take advantage of the tests and validation.
 
 ## License
 
-ASL 2.0
+Apache License 2.0
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 ## Contact
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/copy/copy.go

@@ -2,54 +2,50 @@ package copy
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"compress/gzip"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	pb "gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1"
-
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/compression"
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/vbauerster/mpb"
+	"github.com/vbauerster/mpb/decor"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/terminal"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
 )
 
 type digestingReader struct {
-	source           io.Reader
-	digester         digest.Digester
-	expectedDigest   digest.Digest
-	validationFailed bool
+	source              io.Reader
+	digester            digest.Digester
+	expectedDigest      digest.Digest
+	validationFailed    bool
+	validationSucceeded bool
 }
 
-// imageCopier allows us to keep track of diffID values for blobs, and other
-// data, that we're copying between images, and cache other information that
-// might allow us to take some shortcuts
-type imageCopier struct {
-	copiedBlobs       map[digest.Digest]digest.Digest
-	cachedDiffIDs     map[digest.Digest]digest.Digest
-	manifestUpdates   *types.ManifestUpdateOptions
-	dest              types.ImageDestination
-	src               types.Image
-	rawSource         types.ImageSource
-	diffIDsAreNeeded  bool
-	canModifyManifest bool
-	reportWriter      io.Writer
-	progressInterval  time.Duration
-	progress          chan types.ProgressProperties
-}
+// maxParallelDownloads is used to limit the maxmimum number of parallel
+// downloads.  Let's follow Firefox by limiting it to 6.
+var maxParallelDownloads = 6
 
 // newDigestingReader returns an io.Reader implementation with contents of source, which will eventually return a non-EOF error
-// and set validationFailed to true if the source stream does not match expectedDigest.
+// or set validationSucceeded/validationFailed to true if the source stream does/does not match expectedDigest.
+// (neither is set if EOF is never reached).
 func newDigestingReader(source io.Reader, expectedDigest digest.Digest) (*digestingReader, error) {
 	if err := expectedDigest.Validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid digest specification %s", expectedDigest)
@@ -82,10 +78,34 @@ func (d *digestingReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
 			d.validationFailed = true
 			return 0, errors.Errorf("Digest did not match, expected %s, got %s", d.expectedDigest, actualDigest)
 		}
+		d.validationSucceeded = true
 	}
 	return n, err
 }
 
+// copier allows us to keep track of diffID values for blobs, and other
+// data shared across one or more images in a possible manifest list.
+type copier struct {
+	dest             types.ImageDestination
+	rawSource        types.ImageSource
+	reportWriter     io.Writer
+	progressOutput   io.Writer
+	progressInterval time.Duration
+	progress         chan types.ProgressProperties
+	blobInfoCache    types.BlobInfoCache
+	copyInParallel   bool
+}
+
+// imageCopier tracks state specific to a single image (possibly an item of a manifest list)
+type imageCopier struct {
+	c                  *copier
+	manifestUpdates    *types.ManifestUpdateOptions
+	src                types.Image
+	diffIDsAreNeeded   bool
+	canModifyManifest  bool
+	canSubstituteBlobs bool
+}
+
 // Options allows supplying non-default configuration modifying the behavior of CopyImage.
 type Options struct {
 	RemoveSignatures bool   // Remove any pre-existing signatures. SignBy will still add a new signature.
@@ -95,11 +115,14 @@ type Options struct {
 	DestinationCtx   *types.SystemContext
 	ProgressInterval time.Duration                 // time to wait between reports to signal the progress channel
 	Progress         chan types.ProgressProperties // Reported to when ProgressInterval has arrived for a single artifact+offset.
+	// manifest MIME type of image set by user. "" is default and means use the autodetection to the the manifest MIME type
+	ForceManifestMIMEType string
 }
 
 // Image copies image from srcRef to destRef, using policyContext to validate
-// source image admissibility.
-func Image(policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef, srcRef types.ImageReference, options *Options) (retErr error) {
+// source image admissibility.  It returns the manifest which was written to
+// the new copy of the image.
+func Image(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef, srcRef types.ImageReference, options *Options) (manifest []byte, retErr error) {
 	// NOTE this function uses an output parameter for the error return value.
 	// Setting this and returning is the ideal way to return an error.
 	//
@@ -115,13 +138,9 @@ func Image(policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef, srcRef types.ImageRe
 		reportWriter = options.ReportWriter
 	}
 
-	writeReport := func(f string, a ...interface{}) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(reportWriter, f, a...)
-	}
-
-	dest, err := destRef.NewImageDestination(options.DestinationCtx)
+	dest, err := destRef.NewImageDestination(ctx, options.DestinationCtx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing destination %s", transports.ImageName(destRef))
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing destination %s", transports.ImageName(destRef))
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := dest.Close(); err != nil {
@@ -129,99 +148,176 @@ func Image(policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef, srcRef types.ImageRe
 		}
 	}()
 
-	rawSource, err := srcRef.NewImageSource(options.SourceCtx)
+	rawSource, err := srcRef.NewImageSource(ctx, options.SourceCtx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing source %s", transports.ImageName(srcRef))
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing source %s", transports.ImageName(srcRef))
 	}
-	unparsedImage := image.UnparsedFromSource(rawSource)
 	defer func() {
-		if unparsedImage != nil {
-			if err := unparsedImage.Close(); err != nil {
-				retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (unparsed: %v)", err)
-			}
+		if err := rawSource.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (src: %v)", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
+	// If reportWriter is not a TTY (e.g., when piping to a file), do not
+	// print the progress bars to avoid long and hard to parse output.
+	// createProgressBar() will print a single line instead.
+	progressOutput := reportWriter
+	if !isTTY(reportWriter) {
+		progressOutput = ioutil.Discard
+	}
+	copyInParallel := dest.HasThreadSafePutBlob() && rawSource.HasThreadSafeGetBlob()
+	c := &copier{
+		dest:             dest,
+		rawSource:        rawSource,
+		reportWriter:     reportWriter,
+		progressOutput:   progressOutput,
+		progressInterval: options.ProgressInterval,
+		progress:         options.Progress,
+		copyInParallel:   copyInParallel,
+		// FIXME? The cache is used for sources and destinations equally, but we only have a SourceCtx and DestinationCtx.
+		// For now, use DestinationCtx (because blob reuse changes the behavior of the destination side more); eventually
+		// we might want to add a separate CommonCtx — or would that be too confusing?
+		blobInfoCache: blobinfocache.DefaultCache(options.DestinationCtx),
+	}
+
+	unparsedToplevel := image.UnparsedInstance(rawSource, nil)
+	multiImage, err := isMultiImage(ctx, unparsedToplevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error determining manifest MIME type for %s", transports.ImageName(srcRef))
+	}
+
+	if !multiImage {
+		// The simple case: Just copy a single image.
+		if manifest, err = c.copyOneImage(ctx, policyContext, options, unparsedToplevel); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// This is a manifest list. Choose a single image and copy it.
+		// FIXME: Copy to destinations which support manifest lists, one image at a time.
+		instanceDigest, err := image.ChooseManifestInstanceFromManifestList(ctx, options.SourceCtx, unparsedToplevel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error choosing an image from manifest list %s", transports.ImageName(srcRef))
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("Source is a manifest list; copying (only) instance %s", instanceDigest)
+		unparsedInstance := image.UnparsedInstance(rawSource, &instanceDigest)
+
+		if manifest, err = c.copyOneImage(ctx, policyContext, options, unparsedInstance); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := c.dest.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error committing the finished image")
+	}
+
+	return manifest, nil
+}
+
+// Image copies a single (on-manifest-list) image unparsedImage, using policyContext to validate
+// source image admissibility.
+func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, options *Options, unparsedImage *image.UnparsedImage) (manifestBytes []byte, retErr error) {
+	// The caller is handling manifest lists; this could happen only if a manifest list contains a manifest list.
+	// Make sure we fail cleanly in such cases.
+	multiImage, err := isMultiImage(ctx, unparsedImage)
+	if err != nil {
+		// FIXME FIXME: How to name a reference for the sub-image?
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error determining manifest MIME type for %s", transports.ImageName(unparsedImage.Reference()))
+	}
+	if multiImage {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpectedly received a manifest list instead of a manifest for a single image")
+	}
+
 	// Please keep this policy check BEFORE reading any other information about the image.
-	if allowed, err := policyContext.IsRunningImageAllowed(unparsedImage); !allowed || err != nil { // Be paranoid and fail if either return value indicates so.
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "Source image rejected")
+	// (the multiImage check above only matches the MIME type, which we have received anyway.
+	// Actual parsing of anything should be deferred.)
+	if allowed, err := policyContext.IsRunningImageAllowed(ctx, unparsedImage); !allowed || err != nil { // Be paranoid and fail if either return value indicates so.
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Source image rejected")
 	}
-	src, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(unparsedImage)
+	src, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, options.SourceCtx, unparsedImage)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing image from source %s", transports.ImageName(srcRef))
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing image from source %s", transports.ImageName(c.rawSource.Reference()))
 	}
-	unparsedImage = nil
-	defer func() {
-		if err := src.Close(); err != nil {
-			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (source: %v)", err)
+
+	// If the destination is a digested reference, make a note of that, determine what digest value we're
+	// expecting, and check that the source manifest matches it.
+	destIsDigestedReference := false
+	if named := c.dest.Reference().DockerReference(); named != nil {
+		if digested, ok := named.(reference.Digested); ok {
+			destIsDigestedReference = true
+			sourceManifest, _, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading manifest from source image")
+			}
+			matches, err := manifest.MatchesDigest(sourceManifest, digested.Digest())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error computing digest of source image's manifest")
+			}
+			if !matches {
+				return nil, errors.New("Digest of source image's manifest would not match destination reference")
+			}
 		}
-	}()
-
-	if err := checkImageDestinationForCurrentRuntimeOS(src, dest); err != nil {
-		return err
 	}
 
-	if src.IsMultiImage() {
-		return errors.Errorf("can not copy %s: manifest contains multiple images", transports.ImageName(srcRef))
+	if err := checkImageDestinationForCurrentRuntimeOS(ctx, options.DestinationCtx, src, c.dest); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	var sigs [][]byte
 	if options.RemoveSignatures {
 		sigs = [][]byte{}
 	} else {
-		writeReport("Getting image source signatures\n")
-		s, err := src.Signatures(context.TODO())
+		c.Printf("Getting image source signatures\n")
+		s, err := src.Signatures(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "Error reading signatures")
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error reading signatures")
 		}
 		sigs = s
 	}
 	if len(sigs) != 0 {
-		writeReport("Checking if image destination supports signatures\n")
-		if err := dest.SupportsSignatures(); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "Can not copy signatures")
+		c.Printf("Checking if image destination supports signatures\n")
+		if err := c.dest.SupportsSignatures(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Can not copy signatures")
 		}
 	}
 
-	canModifyManifest := len(sigs) == 0
-	manifestUpdates := types.ManifestUpdateOptions{}
-	manifestUpdates.InformationOnly.Destination = dest
+	ic := imageCopier{
+		c:               c,
+		manifestUpdates: &types.ManifestUpdateOptions{InformationOnly: types.ManifestUpdateInformation{Destination: c.dest}},
+		src:             src,
+		// diffIDsAreNeeded is computed later
+		canModifyManifest: len(sigs) == 0 && !destIsDigestedReference,
+	}
+	// Ensure _this_ copy sees exactly the intended data when either processing a signed image or signing it.
+	// This may be too conservative, but for now, better safe than sorry, _especially_ on the SignBy path:
+	// The signature makes the content non-repudiable, so it very much matters that the signature is made over exactly what the user intended.
+	// We do intend the RecordDigestUncompressedPair calls to only work with reliable data, but at least there’s a risk
+	// that the compressed version coming from a third party may be designed to attack some other decompressor implementation,
+	// and we would reuse and sign it.
+	ic.canSubstituteBlobs = ic.canModifyManifest && options.SignBy == ""
 
-	if err := updateEmbeddedDockerReference(&manifestUpdates, dest, src, canModifyManifest); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if err := ic.updateEmbeddedDockerReference(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// We compute preferredManifestMIMEType only to show it in error messages.
 	// Without having to add this context in an error message, we would be happy enough to know only that no conversion is needed.
-	preferredManifestMIMEType, otherManifestMIMETypeCandidates, err := determineManifestConversion(&manifestUpdates, src, dest.SupportedManifestMIMETypes(), canModifyManifest)
+	preferredManifestMIMEType, otherManifestMIMETypeCandidates, err := ic.determineManifestConversion(ctx, c.dest.SupportedManifestMIMETypes(), options.ForceManifestMIMEType)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// If src.UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(manifestUpdates) will be true, it needs to be true by the time we get here.
-	ic := imageCopier{
-		copiedBlobs:       make(map[digest.Digest]digest.Digest),
-		cachedDiffIDs:     make(map[digest.Digest]digest.Digest),
-		manifestUpdates:   &manifestUpdates,
-		dest:              dest,
-		src:               src,
-		rawSource:         rawSource,
-		diffIDsAreNeeded:  src.UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(manifestUpdates),
-		canModifyManifest: canModifyManifest,
-		reportWriter:      reportWriter,
-		progressInterval:  options.ProgressInterval,
-		progress:          options.Progress,
-	}
+	// If src.UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(ic.manifestUpdates) will be true, it needs to be true by the time we get here.
+	ic.diffIDsAreNeeded = src.UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(*ic.manifestUpdates)
 
-	if err := ic.copyLayers(); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if err := ic.copyLayers(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// With docker/distribution registries we do not know whether the registry accepts schema2 or schema1 only;
 	// and at least with the OpenShift registry "acceptschema2" option, there is no way to detect the support
 	// without actually trying to upload something and getting a types.ManifestTypeRejectedError.
 	// So, try the preferred manifest MIME type. If the process succeeds, fine…
-	manifest, err := ic.copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest()
+	manifestBytes, err = ic.copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Writing manifest using preferred type %s failed: %v", preferredManifestMIMEType, err)
 		// … if it fails, _and_ the failure is because the manifest is rejected, we may have other options.
@@ -229,22 +325,22 @@ func Image(policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef, srcRef types.ImageRe
 			// We don’t have other options.
 			// In principle the code below would handle this as well, but the resulting  error message is fairly ugly.
 			// Don’t bother the user with MIME types if we have no choice.
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		// If the original MIME type is acceptable, determineManifestConversion always uses it as preferredManifestMIMEType.
 		// So if we are here, we will definitely be trying to convert the manifest.
-		// With !canModifyManifest, that would just be a string of repeated failures for the same reason,
+		// With !ic.canModifyManifest, that would just be a string of repeated failures for the same reason,
 		// so let’s bail out early and with a better error message.
-		if !canModifyManifest {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "Writing manifest failed (and converting it is not possible)")
+		if !ic.canModifyManifest {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Writing manifest failed (and converting it is not possible)")
 		}
 
 		// errs is a list of errors when trying various manifest types. Also serves as an "upload succeeded" flag when set to nil.
 		errs := []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s(%v)", preferredManifestMIMEType, err)}
 		for _, manifestMIMEType := range otherManifestMIMETypeCandidates {
 			logrus.Debugf("Trying to use manifest type %s…", manifestMIMEType)
-			manifestUpdates.ManifestMIMEType = manifestMIMEType
-			attemptedManifest, err := ic.copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest()
+			ic.manifestUpdates.ManifestMIMEType = manifestMIMEType
+			attemptedManifest, err := ic.copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Debugf("Upload of manifest type %s failed: %v", manifestMIMEType, err)
 				errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("%s(%v)", manifestMIMEType, err))
@@ -252,45 +348,54 @@ func Image(policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef, srcRef types.ImageRe
 			}
 
 			// We have successfully uploaded a manifest.
-			manifest = attemptedManifest
+			manifestBytes = attemptedManifest
 			errs = nil // Mark this as a success so that we don't abort below.
 			break
 		}
 		if errs != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Uploading manifest failed, attempted the following formats: %s", strings.Join(errs, ", "))
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Uploading manifest failed, attempted the following formats: %s", strings.Join(errs, ", "))
 		}
 	}
 
 	if options.SignBy != "" {
-		newSig, err := createSignature(dest, manifest, options.SignBy, reportWriter)
+		newSig, err := c.createSignature(manifestBytes, options.SignBy)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		sigs = append(sigs, newSig)
 	}
 
-	writeReport("Storing signatures\n")
-	if err := dest.PutSignatures(sigs); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing signatures")
+	c.Printf("Storing signatures\n")
+	if err := c.dest.PutSignatures(ctx, sigs); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing signatures")
 	}
 
-	if err := dest.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "Error committing the finished image")
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return manifestBytes, nil
 }
 
-func checkImageDestinationForCurrentRuntimeOS(src types.Image, dest types.ImageDestination) error {
+// Printf writes a formatted string to c.reportWriter.
+// Note that the method name Printf is not entirely arbitrary: (go tool vet)
+// has a built-in list of functions/methods (whatever object they are for)
+// which have their format strings checked; for other names we would have
+// to pass a parameter to every (go tool vet) invocation.
+func (c *copier) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.reportWriter, format, a...)
+}
+
+func checkImageDestinationForCurrentRuntimeOS(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, src types.Image, dest types.ImageDestination) error {
 	if dest.MustMatchRuntimeOS() {
-		c, err := src.OCIConfig()
+		wantedOS := runtime.GOOS
+		if sys != nil && sys.OSChoice != "" {
+			wantedOS = sys.OSChoice
+		}
+		c, err := src.OCIConfig(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error parsing image configuration")
 		}
-		osErr := fmt.Errorf("image operating system %q cannot be used on %q", c.OS, runtime.GOOS)
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && c.OS == "linux" {
+		osErr := fmt.Errorf("image operating system %q cannot be used on %q", c.OS, wantedOS)
+		if wantedOS == "windows" && c.OS == "linux" {
 			return osErr
-		} else if runtime.GOOS != "windows" && c.OS == "windows" {
+		} else if wantedOS != "windows" && c.OS == "windows" {
 			return osErr
 		}
 	}
@@ -298,57 +403,119 @@ func checkImageDestinationForCurrentRuntimeOS(src types.Image, dest types.ImageD
 }
 
 // updateEmbeddedDockerReference handles the Docker reference embedded in Docker schema1 manifests.
-func updateEmbeddedDockerReference(manifestUpdates *types.ManifestUpdateOptions, dest types.ImageDestination, src types.Image, canModifyManifest bool) error {
-	destRef := dest.Reference().DockerReference()
+func (ic *imageCopier) updateEmbeddedDockerReference() error {
+	if ic.c.dest.IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference() {
+		return nil // Destination would prefer us not to update the embedded reference.
+	}
+	destRef := ic.c.dest.Reference().DockerReference()
 	if destRef == nil {
 		return nil // Destination does not care about Docker references
 	}
-	if !src.EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(destRef) {
+	if !ic.src.EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(destRef) {
 		return nil // No reference embedded in the manifest, or it matches destRef already.
 	}
 
-	if !canModifyManifest {
+	if !ic.canModifyManifest {
 		return errors.Errorf("Copying a schema1 image with an embedded Docker reference to %s (Docker reference %s) would invalidate existing signatures. Explicitly enable signature removal to proceed anyway",
-			transports.ImageName(dest.Reference()), destRef.String())
+			transports.ImageName(ic.c.dest.Reference()), destRef.String())
 	}
-	manifestUpdates.EmbeddedDockerReference = destRef
+	ic.manifestUpdates.EmbeddedDockerReference = destRef
 	return nil
 }
 
-// copyLayers copies layers from src/rawSource to dest, using and updating ic.manifestUpdates if necessary and ic.canModifyManifest.
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayers() error {
+// isTTY returns true if the io.Writer is a file and a tty.
+func isTTY(w io.Writer) bool {
+	if f, ok := w.(*os.File); ok {
+		return terminal.IsTerminal(int(f.Fd()))
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// copyLayers copies layers from ic.src/ic.c.rawSource to dest, using and updating ic.manifestUpdates if necessary and ic.canModifyManifest.
+func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayers(ctx context.Context) error {
 	srcInfos := ic.src.LayerInfos()
-	destInfos := []types.BlobInfo{}
-	diffIDs := []digest.Digest{}
-	for _, srcLayer := range srcInfos {
-		var (
-			destInfo types.BlobInfo
-			diffID   digest.Digest
-			err      error
-		)
-		if ic.dest.AcceptsForeignLayerURLs() && len(srcLayer.URLs) != 0 {
+	numLayers := len(srcInfos)
+	updatedSrcInfos, err := ic.src.LayerInfosForCopy(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	srcInfosUpdated := false
+	if updatedSrcInfos != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(srcInfos, updatedSrcInfos) {
+		if !ic.canModifyManifest {
+			return errors.Errorf("Internal error: copyLayers() needs to use an updated manifest but that was known to be forbidden")
+		}
+		srcInfos = updatedSrcInfos
+		srcInfosUpdated = true
+	}
+
+	type copyLayerData struct {
+		destInfo types.BlobInfo
+		diffID   digest.Digest
+		err      error
+	}
+
+	// copyGroup is used to determine if all layers are copied
+	copyGroup := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	copyGroup.Add(numLayers)
+
+	// copySemaphore is used to limit the number of parallel downloads to
+	// avoid malicious images causing troubles and to be nice to servers.
+	var copySemaphore *semaphore.Weighted
+	if ic.c.copyInParallel {
+		copySemaphore = semaphore.NewWeighted(int64(maxParallelDownloads))
+	} else {
+		copySemaphore = semaphore.NewWeighted(int64(1))
+	}
+
+	data := make([]copyLayerData, numLayers)
+	copyLayerHelper := func(index int, srcLayer types.BlobInfo, pool *mpb.Progress) {
+		defer copySemaphore.Release(1)
+		defer copyGroup.Done()
+		cld := copyLayerData{}
+		if ic.c.dest.AcceptsForeignLayerURLs() && len(srcLayer.URLs) != 0 {
 			// DiffIDs are, currently, needed only when converting from schema1.
 			// In which case src.LayerInfos will not have URLs because schema1
 			// does not support them.
 			if ic.diffIDsAreNeeded {
-				return errors.New("getting DiffID for foreign layers is unimplemented")
+				cld.err = errors.New("getting DiffID for foreign layers is unimplemented")
+			} else {
+				cld.destInfo = srcLayer
+				logrus.Debugf("Skipping foreign layer %q copy to %s", cld.destInfo.Digest, ic.c.dest.Reference().Transport().Name())
 			}
-			destInfo = srcLayer
-			fmt.Fprintf(ic.reportWriter, "Skipping foreign layer %q copy to %s\n", destInfo.Digest, ic.dest.Reference().Transport().Name())
 		} else {
-			destInfo, diffID, err = ic.copyLayer(srcLayer)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			cld.destInfo, cld.diffID, cld.err = ic.copyLayer(ctx, srcLayer, pool)
 		}
-		destInfos = append(destInfos, destInfo)
-		diffIDs = append(diffIDs, diffID)
+		data[index] = cld
 	}
+
+	func() { // A scope for defer
+		progressPool, progressCleanup := ic.c.newProgressPool(ctx)
+		defer progressCleanup()
+
+		for i, srcLayer := range srcInfos {
+			copySemaphore.Acquire(ctx, 1)
+			go copyLayerHelper(i, srcLayer, progressPool)
+		}
+
+		// Wait for all layers to be copied
+		copyGroup.Wait()
+	}()
+
+	destInfos := make([]types.BlobInfo, numLayers)
+	diffIDs := make([]digest.Digest, numLayers)
+	for i, cld := range data {
+		if cld.err != nil {
+			return cld.err
+		}
+		destInfos[i] = cld.destInfo
+		diffIDs[i] = cld.diffID
+	}
+
 	ic.manifestUpdates.InformationOnly.LayerInfos = destInfos
 	if ic.diffIDsAreNeeded {
 		ic.manifestUpdates.InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs = diffIDs
 	}
-	if layerDigestsDiffer(srcInfos, destInfos) {
+	if srcInfosUpdated || layerDigestsDiffer(srcInfos, destInfos) {
 		ic.manifestUpdates.LayerInfos = destInfos
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -369,7 +536,7 @@ func layerDigestsDiffer(a, b []types.BlobInfo) bool {
 
 // copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest updates the image per ic.manifestUpdates, if necessary,
 // stores the resulting config and manifest to the destination, and returns the stored manifest.
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest() ([]byte, error) {
+func (ic *imageCopier) copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	pendingImage := ic.src
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(*ic.manifestUpdates, types.ManifestUpdateOptions{InformationOnly: ic.manifestUpdates.InformationOnly}) {
 		if !ic.canModifyManifest {
@@ -379,45 +546,94 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest() ([]byte, error) {
 			// We have set ic.diffIDsAreNeeded based on the preferred MIME type returned by determineManifestConversion.
 			// So, this can only happen if we are trying to upload using one of the other MIME type candidates.
 			// Because UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs is true only when converting from s1 to s2, this case should only arise
-			// when ic.dest.SupportedManifestMIMETypes() includes both s1 and s2, the upload using s1 failed, and we are now trying s2.
+			// when ic.c.dest.SupportedManifestMIMETypes() includes both s1 and s2, the upload using s1 failed, and we are now trying s2.
 			// Supposedly s2-only registries do not exist or are extremely rare, so failing with this error message is good enough for now.
 			// If handling such registries turns out to be necessary, we could compute ic.diffIDsAreNeeded based on the full list of manifest MIME type candidates.
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("Can not convert image to %s, preparing DiffIDs for this case is not supported", ic.manifestUpdates.ManifestMIMEType)
 		}
-		pi, err := ic.src.UpdatedImage(*ic.manifestUpdates)
+		pi, err := ic.src.UpdatedImage(ctx, *ic.manifestUpdates)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error creating an updated image manifest")
 		}
 		pendingImage = pi
 	}
-	manifest, _, err := pendingImage.Manifest()
+	manifest, _, err := pendingImage.Manifest(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error reading manifest")
 	}
 
-	if err := ic.copyConfig(pendingImage); err != nil {
+	if err := ic.c.copyConfig(ctx, pendingImage); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(ic.reportWriter, "Writing manifest to image destination\n")
-	if err := ic.dest.PutManifest(manifest); err != nil {
+	ic.c.Printf("Writing manifest to image destination\n")
+	if err := ic.c.dest.PutManifest(ctx, manifest); err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing manifest")
 	}
 	return manifest, nil
 }
 
+// newProgressPool creates a *mpb.Progress and a cleanup function.
+// The caller must eventually call the returned cleanup function after the pool will no longer be updated.
+func (c *copier) newProgressPool(ctx context.Context) (*mpb.Progress, func()) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	pool := mpb.New(mpb.WithWidth(40), mpb.WithOutput(c.progressOutput), mpb.WithContext(ctx))
+	return pool, func() {
+		cancel()
+		pool.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+// createProgressBar creates a mpb.Bar in pool.  Note that if the copier's reportWriter
+// is ioutil.Discard, the progress bar's output will be discarded
+func (c *copier) createProgressBar(pool *mpb.Progress, info types.BlobInfo, kind string, onComplete string) *mpb.Bar {
+	// shortDigestLen is the length of the digest used for blobs.
+	const shortDigestLen = 12
+
+	prefix := fmt.Sprintf("Copying %s %s", kind, info.Digest.Encoded())
+	// Truncate the prefix (chopping of some part of the digest) to make all progress bars aligned in a column.
+	maxPrefixLen := len("Copying blob ") + shortDigestLen
+	if len(prefix) > maxPrefixLen {
+		prefix = prefix[:maxPrefixLen]
+	}
+
+	bar := pool.AddBar(info.Size,
+		mpb.BarClearOnComplete(),
+		mpb.PrependDecorators(
+			decor.Name(prefix),
+		),
+		mpb.AppendDecorators(
+			decor.OnComplete(decor.CountersKibiByte("%.1f / %.1f"), " "+onComplete),
+		),
+	)
+	if c.progressOutput == ioutil.Discard {
+		c.Printf("Copying %s %s\n", kind, info.Digest)
+	}
+	return bar
+}
+
 // copyConfig copies config.json, if any, from src to dest.
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyConfig(src types.Image) error {
+func (c *copier) copyConfig(ctx context.Context, src types.Image) error {
 	srcInfo := src.ConfigInfo()
 	if srcInfo.Digest != "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(ic.reportWriter, "Copying config %s\n", srcInfo.Digest)
-		configBlob, err := src.ConfigBlob()
+		configBlob, err := src.ConfigBlob(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading config blob %s", srcInfo.Digest)
 		}
-		destInfo, err := ic.copyBlobFromStream(bytes.NewReader(configBlob), srcInfo, nil, false)
+
+		destInfo, err := func() (types.BlobInfo, error) { // A scope for defer
+			progressPool, progressCleanup := c.newProgressPool(ctx)
+			defer progressCleanup()
+			bar := c.createProgressBar(progressPool, srcInfo, "config", "done")
+			destInfo, err := c.copyBlobFromStream(ctx, bytes.NewReader(configBlob), srcInfo, nil, false, true, bar)
+			if err != nil {
+				return types.BlobInfo{}, err
+			}
+			bar.SetTotal(int64(len(configBlob)), true)
+			return destInfo, nil
+		}()
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil
 		}
 		if destInfo.Digest != srcInfo.Digest {
 			return errors.Errorf("Internal error: copying uncompressed config blob %s changed digest to %s", srcInfo.Digest, destInfo.Digest)
@@ -435,61 +651,65 @@ type diffIDResult struct {
 
 // copyLayer copies a layer with srcInfo (with known Digest and possibly known Size) in src to dest, perhaps compressing it if canCompress,
 // and returns a complete blobInfo of the copied layer, and a value for LayerDiffIDs if diffIDIsNeeded
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(srcInfo types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, digest.Digest, error) {
-	// Check if we already have a blob with this digest
-	haveBlob, extantBlobSize, err := ic.dest.HasBlob(srcInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrapf(err, "Error checking for blob %s at destination", srcInfo.Digest)
-	}
-	// If we already have a cached diffID for this blob, we don't need to compute it
-	diffIDIsNeeded := ic.diffIDsAreNeeded && (ic.cachedDiffIDs[srcInfo.Digest] == "")
-	// If we already have the blob, and we don't need to recompute the diffID, then we might be able to avoid reading it again
-	if haveBlob && !diffIDIsNeeded {
-		// Check the blob sizes match, if we were given a size this time
-		if srcInfo.Size != -1 && srcInfo.Size != extantBlobSize {
-			return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Errorf("Error: blob %s is already present, but with size %d instead of %d", srcInfo.Digest, extantBlobSize, srcInfo.Size)
-		}
-		srcInfo.Size = extantBlobSize
-		// Tell the image destination that this blob's delta is being applied again.  For some image destinations, this can be faster than using GetBlob/PutBlob
-		blobinfo, err := ic.dest.ReapplyBlob(srcInfo)
+func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, pool *mpb.Progress) (types.BlobInfo, digest.Digest, error) {
+	cachedDiffID := ic.c.blobInfoCache.UncompressedDigest(srcInfo.Digest) // May be ""
+	diffIDIsNeeded := ic.diffIDsAreNeeded && cachedDiffID == ""
+
+	// If we already have the blob, and we don't need to compute the diffID, then we don't need to read it from the source.
+	if !diffIDIsNeeded {
+		reused, blobInfo, err := ic.c.dest.TryReusingBlob(ctx, srcInfo, ic.c.blobInfoCache, ic.canSubstituteBlobs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reapplying blob %s at destination", srcInfo.Digest)
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrapf(err, "Error trying to reuse blob %s at destination", srcInfo.Digest)
+		}
+		if reused {
+			logrus.Debugf("Skipping blob %s (already present):", srcInfo.Digest)
+			bar := ic.c.createProgressBar(pool, srcInfo, "blob", "skipped: already exists")
+			bar.SetTotal(0, true)
+			return blobInfo, cachedDiffID, nil
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(ic.reportWriter, "Skipping fetch of repeat blob %s\n", srcInfo.Digest)
-		return blobinfo, ic.cachedDiffIDs[srcInfo.Digest], err
 	}
 
 	// Fallback: copy the layer, computing the diffID if we need to do so
-	fmt.Fprintf(ic.reportWriter, "Copying blob %s\n", srcInfo.Digest)
-	srcStream, srcBlobSize, err := ic.rawSource.GetBlob(srcInfo)
+	srcStream, srcBlobSize, err := ic.c.rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, srcInfo, ic.c.blobInfoCache)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading blob %s", srcInfo.Digest)
 	}
 	defer srcStream.Close()
 
-	blobInfo, diffIDChan, err := ic.copyLayerFromStream(srcStream, types.BlobInfo{Digest: srcInfo.Digest, Size: srcBlobSize},
-		diffIDIsNeeded)
+	bar := ic.c.createProgressBar(pool, srcInfo, "blob", "done")
+
+	blobInfo, diffIDChan, err := ic.copyLayerFromStream(ctx, srcStream, types.BlobInfo{Digest: srcInfo.Digest, Size: srcBlobSize}, diffIDIsNeeded, bar)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, "", err
 	}
-	var diffIDResult diffIDResult // = {digest:""}
+
+	diffID := cachedDiffID
 	if diffIDIsNeeded {
-		diffIDResult = <-diffIDChan
-		if diffIDResult.err != nil {
-			return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrap(diffIDResult.err, "Error computing layer DiffID")
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, "", ctx.Err()
+		case diffIDResult := <-diffIDChan:
+			if diffIDResult.err != nil {
+				return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrap(diffIDResult.err, "Error computing layer DiffID")
+			}
+			logrus.Debugf("Computed DiffID %s for layer %s", diffIDResult.digest, srcInfo.Digest)
+			// This is safe because we have just computed diffIDResult.Digest ourselves, and in the process
+			// we have read all of the input blob, so srcInfo.Digest must have been validated by digestingReader.
+			ic.c.blobInfoCache.RecordDigestUncompressedPair(srcInfo.Digest, diffIDResult.digest)
+			diffID = diffIDResult.digest
 		}
-		logrus.Debugf("Computed DiffID %s for layer %s", diffIDResult.digest, srcInfo.Digest)
-		ic.cachedDiffIDs[srcInfo.Digest] = diffIDResult.digest
 	}
-	return blobInfo, diffIDResult.digest, nil
+
+	bar.SetTotal(srcInfo.Size, true)
+	return blobInfo, diffID, nil
 }
 
 // copyLayerFromStream is an implementation detail of copyLayer; mostly providing a separate “defer” scope.
 // it copies a blob with srcInfo (with known Digest and possibly known Size) from srcStream to dest,
 // perhaps compressing the stream if canCompress,
 // and returns a complete blobInfo of the copied blob and perhaps a <-chan diffIDResult if diffIDIsNeeded, to be read by the caller.
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayerFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.BlobInfo,
-	diffIDIsNeeded bool) (types.BlobInfo, <-chan diffIDResult, error) {
+func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayerFromStream(ctx context.Context, srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.BlobInfo,
+	diffIDIsNeeded bool, bar *mpb.Bar) (types.BlobInfo, <-chan diffIDResult, error) {
 	var getDiffIDRecorder func(compression.DecompressorFunc) io.Writer // = nil
 	var diffIDChan chan diffIDResult
 
@@ -513,7 +733,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayerFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.Bl
 			return pipeWriter
 		}
 	}
-	blobInfo, err := ic.copyBlobFromStream(srcStream, srcInfo, getDiffIDRecorder, ic.canModifyManifest) // Sets err to nil on success
+	blobInfo, err := ic.c.copyBlobFromStream(ctx, srcStream, srcInfo, getDiffIDRecorder, ic.canModifyManifest, false, bar) // Sets err to nil on success
 	return blobInfo, diffIDChan, err
 	// We need the defer … pipeWriter.CloseWithError() to happen HERE so that the caller can block on reading from diffIDChan
 }
@@ -537,6 +757,7 @@ func computeDiffID(stream io.Reader, decompressor compression.DecompressorFunc)
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err
 		}
+		defer s.Close()
 		stream = s
 	}
 
@@ -547,16 +768,16 @@ func computeDiffID(stream io.Reader, decompressor compression.DecompressorFunc)
 // perhaps sending a copy to an io.Writer if getOriginalLayerCopyWriter != nil,
 // perhaps compressing it if canCompress,
 // and returns a complete blobInfo of the copied blob.
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyBlobFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.BlobInfo,
+func (c *copier) copyBlobFromStream(ctx context.Context, srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.BlobInfo,
 	getOriginalLayerCopyWriter func(decompressor compression.DecompressorFunc) io.Writer,
-	canCompress bool) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	canModifyBlob bool, isConfig bool, bar *mpb.Bar) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
 	// The copying happens through a pipeline of connected io.Readers.
 	// === Input: srcStream
 
 	// === Process input through digestingReader to validate against the expected digest.
 	// Be paranoid; in case PutBlob somehow managed to ignore an error from digestingReader,
 	// use a separate validation failure indicator.
-	// Note that we don't use a stronger "validationSucceeded" indicator, because
+	// Note that for this check we don't use the stronger "validationSucceeded" indicator, because
 	// dest.PutBlob may detect that the layer already exists, in which case we don't
 	// read stream to the end, and validation does not happen.
 	digestingReader, err := newDigestingReader(srcStream, srcInfo.Digest)
@@ -572,16 +793,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyBlobFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.Blo
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading blob %s", srcInfo.Digest)
 	}
 	isCompressed := decompressor != nil
-
-	// === Report progress using a pb.Reader.
-	bar := pb.New(int(srcInfo.Size)).SetUnits(pb.U_BYTES)
-	bar.Output = ic.reportWriter
-	bar.SetMaxWidth(80)
-	bar.ShowTimeLeft = false
-	bar.ShowPercent = false
-	bar.Start()
-	destStream = bar.NewProxyReader(destStream)
-	defer bar.Finish()
+	destStream = bar.ProxyReader(destStream)
 
 	// === Send a copy of the original, uncompressed, stream, to a separate path if necessary.
 	var originalLayerReader io.Reader // DO NOT USE this other than to drain the input if no other consumer in the pipeline has done so.
@@ -590,13 +802,12 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyBlobFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.Blo
 		originalLayerReader = destStream
 	}
 
-	// === Compress the layer if it is uncompressed and compression is desired
+	// === Deal with layer compression/decompression if necessary
 	var inputInfo types.BlobInfo
-	if !canCompress || isCompressed || !ic.dest.ShouldCompressLayers() {
-		logrus.Debugf("Using original blob without modification")
-		inputInfo = srcInfo
-	} else {
+	var compressionOperation types.LayerCompression
+	if canModifyBlob && c.dest.DesiredLayerCompression() == types.Compress && !isCompressed {
 		logrus.Debugf("Compressing blob on the fly")
+		compressionOperation = types.Compress
 		pipeReader, pipeWriter := io.Pipe()
 		defer pipeReader.Close()
 
@@ -607,21 +818,36 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyBlobFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.Blo
 		destStream = pipeReader
 		inputInfo.Digest = ""
 		inputInfo.Size = -1
+	} else if canModifyBlob && c.dest.DesiredLayerCompression() == types.Decompress && isCompressed {
+		logrus.Debugf("Blob will be decompressed")
+		compressionOperation = types.Decompress
+		s, err := decompressor(destStream)
+		if err != nil {
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
+		}
+		defer s.Close()
+		destStream = s
+		inputInfo.Digest = ""
+		inputInfo.Size = -1
+	} else {
+		logrus.Debugf("Using original blob without modification")
+		compressionOperation = types.PreserveOriginal
+		inputInfo = srcInfo
 	}
 
-	// === Report progress using the ic.progress channel, if required.
-	if ic.progress != nil && ic.progressInterval > 0 {
+	// === Report progress using the c.progress channel, if required.
+	if c.progress != nil && c.progressInterval > 0 {
 		destStream = &progressReader{
 			source:   destStream,
-			channel:  ic.progress,
-			interval: ic.progressInterval,
+			channel:  c.progress,
+			interval: c.progressInterval,
 			artifact: srcInfo,
 			lastTime: time.Now(),
 		}
 	}
 
 	// === Finally, send the layer stream to dest.
-	uploadedInfo, err := ic.dest.PutBlob(destStream, inputInfo)
+	uploadedInfo, err := c.dest.PutBlob(ctx, destStream, inputInfo, c.blobInfoCache, isConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing blob")
 	}
@@ -644,6 +870,22 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyBlobFromStream(srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.Blo
 	if inputInfo.Digest != "" && uploadedInfo.Digest != inputInfo.Digest {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf("Internal error writing blob %s, blob with digest %s saved with digest %s", srcInfo.Digest, inputInfo.Digest, uploadedInfo.Digest)
 	}
+	if digestingReader.validationSucceeded {
+		// If compressionOperation != types.PreserveOriginal, we now have two reliable digest values:
+		// srcinfo.Digest describes the pre-compressionOperation input, verified by digestingReader
+		// uploadedInfo.Digest describes the post-compressionOperation output, computed by PutBlob
+		// (because inputInfo.Digest == "", this must have been computed afresh).
+		switch compressionOperation {
+		case types.PreserveOriginal:
+			break // Do nothing, we have only one digest and we might not have even verified it.
+		case types.Compress:
+			c.blobInfoCache.RecordDigestUncompressedPair(uploadedInfo.Digest, srcInfo.Digest)
+		case types.Decompress:
+			c.blobInfoCache.RecordDigestUncompressedPair(srcInfo.Digest, uploadedInfo.Digest)
+		default:
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf("Internal error: Unexpected compressionOperation value %#v", compressionOperation)
+		}
+	}
 	return uploadedInfo, nil
 }
 
@@ -654,7 +896,7 @@ func compressGoroutine(dest *io.PipeWriter, src io.Reader) {
 		dest.CloseWithError(err) // CloseWithError(nil) is equivalent to Close()
 	}()
 
-	zipper := gzip.NewWriter(dest)
+	zipper := pgzip.NewWriter(dest)
 	defer zipper.Close()
 
 	_, err = io.Copy(zipper, src) // Sets err to nil, i.e. causes dest.Close()

vendor/github.com/containers/image/copy/manifest.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package copy
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
@@ -37,15 +38,24 @@ func (os *orderedSet) append(s string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// determineManifestConversion updates manifestUpdates to convert manifest to a supported MIME type, if necessary and canModifyManifest.
-// Note that the conversion will only happen later, through src.UpdatedImage
+// determineManifestConversion updates ic.manifestUpdates to convert manifest to a supported MIME type, if necessary and ic.canModifyManifest.
+// Note that the conversion will only happen later, through ic.src.UpdatedImage
 // Returns the preferred manifest MIME type (whether we are converting to it or using it unmodified),
 // and a list of other possible alternatives, in order.
-func determineManifestConversion(manifestUpdates *types.ManifestUpdateOptions, src types.Image, destSupportedManifestMIMETypes []string, canModifyManifest bool) (string, []string, error) {
-	_, srcType, err := src.Manifest()
+func (ic *imageCopier) determineManifestConversion(ctx context.Context, destSupportedManifestMIMETypes []string, forceManifestMIMEType string) (string, []string, error) {
+	_, srcType, err := ic.src.Manifest(ctx)
 	if err != nil { // This should have been cached?!
 		return "", nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error reading manifest")
 	}
+	normalizedSrcType := manifest.NormalizedMIMEType(srcType)
+	if srcType != normalizedSrcType {
+		logrus.Debugf("Source manifest MIME type %s, treating it as %s", srcType, normalizedSrcType)
+		srcType = normalizedSrcType
+	}
+
+	if forceManifestMIMEType != "" {
+		destSupportedManifestMIMETypes = []string{forceManifestMIMEType}
+	}
 
 	if len(destSupportedManifestMIMETypes) == 0 {
 		return srcType, []string{}, nil // Anything goes; just use the original as is, do not try any conversions.
@@ -67,10 +77,10 @@ func determineManifestConversion(manifestUpdates *types.ManifestUpdateOptions, s
 	if _, ok := supportedByDest[srcType]; ok {
 		prioritizedTypes.append(srcType)
 	}
-	if !canModifyManifest {
-		// We could also drop the !canModifyManifest parameter and have the caller
+	if !ic.canModifyManifest {
+		// We could also drop the !ic.canModifyManifest check and have the caller
 		// make the choice; it is already doing that to an extent, to improve error
-		// messages.  But it is nice to hide the “if !canModifyManifest, do no conversion”
+		// messages.  But it is nice to hide the “if !ic.canModifyManifest, do no conversion”
 		// special case in here; the caller can then worry (or not) only about a good UI.
 		logrus.Debugf("We can't modify the manifest, hoping for the best...")
 		return srcType, []string{}, nil // Take our chances - FIXME? Or should we fail without trying?
@@ -94,9 +104,18 @@ func determineManifestConversion(manifestUpdates *types.ManifestUpdateOptions, s
 	}
 	preferredType := prioritizedTypes.list[0]
 	if preferredType != srcType {
-		manifestUpdates.ManifestMIMEType = preferredType
+		ic.manifestUpdates.ManifestMIMEType = preferredType
 	} else {
 		logrus.Debugf("... will first try using the original manifest unmodified")
 	}
 	return preferredType, prioritizedTypes.list[1:], nil
 }
+
+// isMultiImage returns true if img is a list of images
+func isMultiImage(ctx context.Context, img types.UnparsedImage) (bool, error) {
+	_, mt, err := img.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return manifest.MIMETypeIsMultiImage(mt), nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/copy/sign.go

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 package copy
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
-	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-// createSignature creates a new signature of manifest at (identified by) dest using keyIdentity.
-func createSignature(dest types.ImageDestination, manifest []byte, keyIdentity string, reportWriter io.Writer) ([]byte, error) {
+// createSignature creates a new signature of manifest using keyIdentity.
+func (c *copier) createSignature(manifest []byte, keyIdentity string) ([]byte, error) {
 	mech, err := signature.NewGPGSigningMechanism()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error initializing GPG")
@@ -21,12 +17,12 @@ func createSignature(dest types.ImageDestination, manifest []byte, keyIdentity s
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Signing not supported")
 	}
 
-	dockerReference := dest.Reference().DockerReference()
+	dockerReference := c.dest.Reference().DockerReference()
 	if dockerReference == nil {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Cannot determine canonical Docker reference for destination %s", transports.ImageName(dest.Reference()))
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("Cannot determine canonical Docker reference for destination %s", transports.ImageName(c.dest.Reference()))
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(reportWriter, "Signing manifest\n")
+	c.Printf("Signing manifest\n")
 	newSig, err := signature.SignDockerManifest(manifest, dockerReference.String(), mech, keyIdentity)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error creating signature")

vendor/github.com/containers/image/directory/directory_dest.go

@@ -1,22 +1,81 @@
 package directory
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
+const version = "Directory Transport Version: 1.1\n"
+
+// ErrNotContainerImageDir indicates that the directory doesn't match the expected contents of a directory created
+// using the 'dir' transport
+var ErrNotContainerImageDir = errors.New("not a containers image directory, don't want to overwrite important data")
+
 type dirImageDestination struct {
-	ref dirReference
+	ref      dirReference
+	compress bool
 }
 
-// newImageDestination returns an ImageDestination for writing to an existing directory.
-func newImageDestination(ref dirReference) types.ImageDestination {
-	return &dirImageDestination{ref}
+// newImageDestination returns an ImageDestination for writing to a directory.
+func newImageDestination(ref dirReference, compress bool) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+	d := &dirImageDestination{ref: ref, compress: compress}
+
+	// If directory exists check if it is empty
+	// if not empty, check whether the contents match that of a container image directory and overwrite the contents
+	// if the contents don't match throw an error
+	dirExists, err := pathExists(d.ref.resolvedPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking for path %q", d.ref.resolvedPath)
+	}
+	if dirExists {
+		isEmpty, err := isDirEmpty(d.ref.resolvedPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if !isEmpty {
+			versionExists, err := pathExists(d.ref.versionPath())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking if path exists %q", d.ref.versionPath())
+			}
+			if versionExists {
+				contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(d.ref.versionPath())
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				// check if contents of version file is what we expect it to be
+				if string(contents) != version {
+					return nil, ErrNotContainerImageDir
+				}
+			} else {
+				return nil, ErrNotContainerImageDir
+			}
+			// delete directory contents so that only one image is in the directory at a time
+			if err = removeDirContents(d.ref.resolvedPath); err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error erasing contents in %q", d.ref.resolvedPath)
+			}
+			logrus.Debugf("overwriting existing container image directory %q", d.ref.resolvedPath)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// create directory if it doesn't exist
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(d.ref.resolvedPath, 0755); err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to create directory %q", d.ref.resolvedPath)
+		}
+	}
+	// create version file
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(d.ref.versionPath(), []byte(version), 0644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating version file %q", d.ref.versionPath())
+	}
+	return d, nil
 }
 
 // Reference returns the reference used to set up this destination.  Note that this should directly correspond to user's intent,
@@ -36,13 +95,15 @@ func (d *dirImageDestination) SupportedManifestMIMETypes() []string {
 
 // SupportsSignatures returns an error (to be displayed to the user) if the destination certainly can't store signatures.
 // Note: It is still possible for PutSignatures to fail if SupportsSignatures returns nil.
-func (d *dirImageDestination) SupportsSignatures() error {
+func (d *dirImageDestination) SupportsSignatures(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ShouldCompressLayers returns true iff it is desirable to compress layer blobs written to this destination.
-func (d *dirImageDestination) ShouldCompressLayers() bool {
-	return false
+func (d *dirImageDestination) DesiredLayerCompression() types.LayerCompression {
+	if d.compress {
+		return types.Compress
+	}
+	return types.PreserveOriginal
 }
 
 // AcceptsForeignLayerURLs returns false iff foreign layers in manifest should be actually
@@ -56,13 +117,26 @@ func (d *dirImageDestination) MustMatchRuntimeOS() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference returns true iff the destination does not care about Image.EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(),
+// and would prefer to receive an unmodified manifest instead of one modified for the destination.
+// Does not make a difference if Reference().DockerReference() is nil.
+func (d *dirImageDestination) IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference() bool {
+	return false // N/A, DockerReference() returns nil.
+}
+
+// HasThreadSafePutBlob indicates whether PutBlob can be executed concurrently.
+func (d *dirImageDestination) HasThreadSafePutBlob() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
 // PutBlob writes contents of stream and returns data representing the result (with all data filled in).
 // inputInfo.Digest can be optionally provided if known; it is not mandatory for the implementation to verify it.
 // inputInfo.Size is the expected length of stream, if known.
+// May update cache.
 // WARNING: The contents of stream are being verified on the fly.  Until stream.Read() returns io.EOF, the contents of the data SHOULD NOT be available
 // to any other readers for download using the supplied digest.
 // If stream.Read() at any time, ESPECIALLY at end of input, returns an error, PutBlob MUST 1) fail, and 2) delete any data stored so far.
-func (d *dirImageDestination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
+func (d *dirImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache, isConfig bool) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
 	blobFile, err := ioutil.TempFile(d.ref.path, "dir-put-blob")
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
@@ -78,6 +152,7 @@ func (d *dirImageDestination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo
 	digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
 	tee := io.TeeReader(stream, digester.Hash())
 
+	// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using ctx.Done().
 	size, err := io.Copy(blobFile, tee)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
@@ -100,38 +175,38 @@ func (d *dirImageDestination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo
 	return types.BlobInfo{Digest: computedDigest, Size: size}, nil
 }
 
-// HasBlob returns true iff the image destination already contains a blob with the matching digest which can be reapplied using ReapplyBlob.
-// Unlike PutBlob, the digest can not be empty.  If HasBlob returns true, the size of the blob must also be returned.
-// If the destination does not contain the blob, or it is unknown, HasBlob ordinarily returns (false, -1, nil);
-// it returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
-func (d *dirImageDestination) HasBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (bool, int64, error) {
+// TryReusingBlob checks whether the transport already contains, or can efficiently reuse, a blob, and if so, applies it to the current destination
+// (e.g. if the blob is a filesystem layer, this signifies that the changes it describes need to be applied again when composing a filesystem tree).
+// info.Digest must not be empty.
+// If canSubstitute, TryReusingBlob can use an equivalent equivalent of the desired blob; in that case the returned info may not match the input.
+// If the blob has been succesfully reused, returns (true, info, nil); info must contain at least a digest and size.
+// If the transport can not reuse the requested blob, TryReusingBlob returns (false, {}, nil); it returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
+// May use and/or update cache.
+func (d *dirImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache, canSubstitute bool) (bool, types.BlobInfo, error) {
 	if info.Digest == "" {
-		return false, -1, errors.Errorf(`"Can not check for a blob with unknown digest`)
+		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf(`"Can not check for a blob with unknown digest`)
 	}
 	blobPath := d.ref.layerPath(info.Digest)
 	finfo, err := os.Stat(blobPath)
 	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return false, -1, nil
+		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, nil
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, -1, err
+		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
-	return true, finfo.Size(), nil
-}
+	return true, types.BlobInfo{Digest: info.Digest, Size: finfo.Size()}, nil
 
-func (d *dirImageDestination) ReapplyBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
-	return info, nil
 }
 
 // PutManifest writes manifest to the destination.
 // FIXME? This should also receive a MIME type if known, to differentiate between schema versions.
 // If the destination is in principle available, refuses this manifest type (e.g. it does not recognize the schema),
 // but may accept a different manifest type, the returned error must be an ManifestTypeRejectedError.
-func (d *dirImageDestination) PutManifest(manifest []byte) error {
+func (d *dirImageDestination) PutManifest(ctx context.Context, manifest []byte) error {
 	return ioutil.WriteFile(d.ref.manifestPath(), manifest, 0644)
 }
 
-func (d *dirImageDestination) PutSignatures(signatures [][]byte) error {
+func (d *dirImageDestination) PutSignatures(ctx context.Context, signatures [][]byte) error {
 	for i, sig := range signatures {
 		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(d.ref.signaturePath(i), sig, 0644); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -144,6 +219,42 @@ func (d *dirImageDestination) PutSignatures(signatures [][]byte) error {
 // WARNING: This does not have any transactional semantics:
 // - Uploaded data MAY be visible to others before Commit() is called
 // - Uploaded data MAY be removed or MAY remain around if Close() is called without Commit() (i.e. rollback is allowed but not guaranteed)
-func (d *dirImageDestination) Commit() error {
+func (d *dirImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// returns true if path exists
+func pathExists(path string) (bool, error) {
+	_, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err == nil {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return false, err
+}
+
+// returns true if directory is empty
+func isDirEmpty(path string) (bool, error) {
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return len(files) == 0, nil
+}
+
+// deletes the contents of a directory
+func removeDirContents(path string) error {
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(path, file.Name())); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/directory/directory_src.go

@@ -35,7 +35,12 @@ func (s *dirImageSource) Close() error {
 
 // GetManifest returns the image's manifest along with its MIME type (which may be empty when it can't be determined but the manifest is available).
 // It may use a remote (= slow) service.
-func (s *dirImageSource) GetManifest() ([]byte, string, error) {
+// If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve (when the primary manifest is a manifest list);
+// this never happens if the primary manifest is not a manifest list (e.g. if the source never returns manifest lists).
+func (s *dirImageSource) GetManifest(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
+	if instanceDigest != nil {
+		return nil, "", errors.Errorf(`Getting target manifest not supported by "dir:"`)
+	}
 	m, err := ioutil.ReadFile(s.ref.manifestPath())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
@@ -43,24 +48,34 @@ func (s *dirImageSource) GetManifest() ([]byte, string, error) {
 	return m, manifest.GuessMIMEType(m), err
 }
 
-func (s *dirImageSource) GetTargetManifest(digest digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
-	return nil, "", errors.Errorf(`Getting target manifest not supported by "dir:"`)
+// HasThreadSafeGetBlob indicates whether GetBlob can be executed concurrently.
+func (s *dirImageSource) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
+	return false
 }
 
 // GetBlob returns a stream for the specified blob, and the blob’s size (or -1 if unknown).
-func (s *dirImageSource) GetBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+// The Digest field in BlobInfo is guaranteed to be provided, Size may be -1 and MediaType may be optionally provided.
+// May update BlobInfoCache, preferably after it knows for certain that a blob truly exists at a specific location.
+func (s *dirImageSource) GetBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 	r, err := os.Open(s.ref.layerPath(info.Digest))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, nil
+		return nil, -1, err
 	}
 	fi, err := r.Stat()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, nil
+		return nil, -1, err
 	}
 	return r, fi.Size(), nil
 }
 
-func (s *dirImageSource) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
+// GetSignatures returns the image's signatures.  It may use a remote (= slow) service.
+// If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve signatures for
+// (when the primary manifest is a manifest list); this never happens if the primary manifest is not a manifest list
+// (e.g. if the source never returns manifest lists).
+func (s *dirImageSource) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([][]byte, error) {
+	if instanceDigest != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf(`Manifests lists are not supported by "dir:"`)
+	}
 	signatures := [][]byte{}
 	for i := 0; ; i++ {
 		signature, err := ioutil.ReadFile(s.ref.signaturePath(i))
@@ -74,3 +89,8 @@ func (s *dirImageSource) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
 	}
 	return signatures, nil
 }
+
+// LayerInfosForCopy() returns updated layer info that should be used when copying, in preference to values in the manifest, if specified.
+func (s *dirImageSource) LayerInfosForCopy(ctx context.Context) ([]types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/directory/directory_transport.go

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 package directory
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-
 	"github.com/containers/image/directory/explicitfilepath"
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -134,29 +134,34 @@ func (ref dirReference) PolicyConfigurationNamespaces() []string {
 	return res
 }
 
-// NewImage returns a types.Image for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
+// NewImage returns a types.ImageCloser for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
 // NOTE: If any kind of signature verification should happen, build an UnparsedImage from the value returned by NewImageSource,
 // verify that UnparsedImage, and convert it into a real Image via image.FromUnparsedImage.
-func (ref dirReference) NewImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.Image, error) {
+// WARNING: This may not do the right thing for a manifest list, see image.FromSource for details.
+func (ref dirReference) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
 	src := newImageSource(ref)
-	return image.FromSource(src)
+	return image.FromSource(ctx, sys, src)
 }
 
 // NewImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func (ref dirReference) NewImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+func (ref dirReference) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
 	return newImageSource(ref), nil
 }
 
 // NewImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageDestination.
-func (ref dirReference) NewImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
-	return newImageDestination(ref), nil
+func (ref dirReference) NewImageDestination(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+	compress := false
+	if sys != nil {
+		compress = sys.DirForceCompress
+	}
+	return newImageDestination(ref, compress)
 }
 
 // DeleteImage deletes the named image from the registry, if supported.
-func (ref dirReference) DeleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) error {
+func (ref dirReference) DeleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("Deleting images not implemented for dir: images")
 }
 
@@ -168,10 +173,15 @@ func (ref dirReference) manifestPath() string {
 // layerPath returns a path for a layer tarball within a directory using our conventions.
 func (ref dirReference) layerPath(digest digest.Digest) string {
 	// FIXME: Should we keep the digest identification?
-	return filepath.Join(ref.path, digest.Hex()+".tar")
+	return filepath.Join(ref.path, digest.Hex())
 }
 
 // signaturePath returns a path for a signature within a directory using our conventions.
 func (ref dirReference) signaturePath(index int) string {
 	return filepath.Join(ref.path, fmt.Sprintf("signature-%d", index+1))
 }
+
+// versionPath returns a path for the version file within a directory using our conventions.
+func (ref dirReference) versionPath() string {
+	return filepath.Join(ref.path, "version")
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/archive/dest.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package archive
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 
@@ -15,11 +16,7 @@ type archiveImageDestination struct {
 	writer               io.Closer
 }
 
-func newImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref archiveReference) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
-	if ref.destinationRef == nil {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("docker-archive: destination reference not supplied (must be of form <path>:<reference:tag>)")
-	}
-
+func newImageDestination(sys *types.SystemContext, ref archiveReference) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
 	// ref.path can be either a pipe or a regular file
 	// in the case of a pipe, we require that we can open it for write
 	// in the case of a regular file, we don't want to overwrite any pre-existing file
@@ -39,13 +36,22 @@ func newImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref archiveReference) (types.
 		return nil, errors.New("docker-archive doesn't support modifying existing images")
 	}
 
+	tarDest := tarfile.NewDestination(fh, ref.destinationRef)
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerArchiveAdditionalTags != nil {
+		tarDest.AddRepoTags(sys.DockerArchiveAdditionalTags)
+	}
 	return &archiveImageDestination{
-		Destination: tarfile.NewDestination(fh, ref.destinationRef),
+		Destination: tarDest,
 		ref:         ref,
 		writer:      fh,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// DesiredLayerCompression indicates if layers must be compressed, decompressed or preserved
+func (d *archiveImageDestination) DesiredLayerCompression() types.LayerCompression {
+	return types.Decompress
+}
+
 // Reference returns the reference used to set up this destination.  Note that this should directly correspond to user's intent,
 // e.g. it should use the public hostname instead of the result of resolving CNAMEs or following redirects.
 func (d *archiveImageDestination) Reference() types.ImageReference {
@@ -61,6 +67,6 @@ func (d *archiveImageDestination) Close() error {
 // WARNING: This does not have any transactional semantics:
 // - Uploaded data MAY be visible to others before Commit() is called
 // - Uploaded data MAY be removed or MAY remain around if Close() is called without Commit() (i.e. rollback is allowed but not guaranteed)
-func (d *archiveImageDestination) Commit() error {
-	return d.Destination.Commit()
+func (d *archiveImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return d.Destination.Commit(ctx)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/archive/src.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package archive
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/tarfile"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -13,15 +14,18 @@ type archiveImageSource struct {
 
 // newImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for the specified image reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func newImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref archiveReference) types.ImageSource {
+func newImageSource(ctx context.Context, ref archiveReference) (types.ImageSource, error) {
 	if ref.destinationRef != nil {
 		logrus.Warnf("docker-archive: references are not supported for sources (ignoring)")
 	}
-	src := tarfile.NewSource(ref.path)
+	src, err := tarfile.NewSourceFromFile(ref.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	return &archiveImageSource{
 		Source: src,
 		ref:    ref,
-	}
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // Reference returns the reference used to set up this source, _as specified by the user_
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ func (s *archiveImageSource) Reference() types.ImageReference {
 	return s.ref
 }
 
-// Close removes resources associated with an initialized ImageSource, if any.
-func (s *archiveImageSource) Close() error {
-	return nil
+// LayerInfosForCopy() returns updated layer info that should be used when reading, in preference to values in the manifest, if specified.
+func (s *archiveImageSource) LayerInfosForCopy(ctx context.Context) ([]types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	return nil, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/archive/transport.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package archive
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -40,7 +41,9 @@ func (t archiveTransport) ValidatePolicyConfigurationScope(scope string) error {
 
 // archiveReference is an ImageReference for Docker images.
 type archiveReference struct {
-	destinationRef reference.NamedTagged // only used for destinations
+	// only used for destinations
+	// archiveReference.destinationRef is optional and can be nil for destinations as well.
+	destinationRef reference.NamedTagged
 	path           string
 }
 
@@ -125,29 +128,33 @@ func (ref archiveReference) PolicyConfigurationNamespaces() []string {
 	return []string{}
 }
 
-// NewImage returns a types.Image for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
+// NewImage returns a types.ImageCloser for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
 // NOTE: If any kind of signature verification should happen, build an UnparsedImage from the value returned by NewImageSource,
 // verify that UnparsedImage, and convert it into a real Image via image.FromUnparsedImage.
-func (ref archiveReference) NewImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.Image, error) {
-	src := newImageSource(ctx, ref)
-	return ctrImage.FromSource(src)
+// WARNING: This may not do the right thing for a manifest list, see image.FromSource for details.
+func (ref archiveReference) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
+	src, err := newImageSource(ctx, ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ctrImage.FromSource(ctx, sys, src)
 }
 
 // NewImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func (ref archiveReference) NewImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
-	return newImageSource(ctx, ref), nil
+func (ref archiveReference) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+	return newImageSource(ctx, ref)
 }
 
 // NewImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageDestination.
-func (ref archiveReference) NewImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
-	return newImageDestination(ctx, ref)
+func (ref archiveReference) NewImageDestination(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+	return newImageDestination(sys, ref)
 }
 
 // DeleteImage deletes the named image from the registry, if supported.
-func (ref archiveReference) DeleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) error {
+func (ref archiveReference) DeleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) error {
 	// Not really supported, for safety reasons.
 	return errors.New("Deleting images not implemented for docker-archive: images")
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+)
+
+// bicTransportScope returns a BICTransportScope appropriate for ref.
+func bicTransportScope(ref dockerReference) types.BICTransportScope {
+	// Blobs can be reused across the whole registry.
+	return types.BICTransportScope{Opaque: reference.Domain(ref.ref)}
+}
+
+// newBICLocationReference returns a BICLocationReference appropriate for ref.
+func newBICLocationReference(ref dockerReference) types.BICLocationReference {
+	// Blobs are scoped to repositories (the tag/digest are not necessary to reuse a blob).
+	return types.BICLocationReference{Opaque: ref.ref.Name()}
+}
+
+// parseBICLocationReference returns a repository for encoded lr.
+func parseBICLocationReference(lr types.BICLocationReference) (reference.Named, error) {
+	return reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(lr.Opaque)
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/daemon/client.go

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ const (
 )
 
 // NewDockerClient initializes a new API client based on the passed SystemContext.
-func newDockerClient(ctx *types.SystemContext) (*dockerclient.Client, error) {
+func newDockerClient(sys *types.SystemContext) (*dockerclient.Client, error) {
 	host := dockerclient.DefaultDockerHost
-	if ctx != nil && ctx.DockerDaemonHost != "" {
-		host = ctx.DockerDaemonHost
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerDaemonHost != "" {
+		host = sys.DockerDaemonHost
 	}
 
 	// Sadly, unix:// sockets don't work transparently with dockerclient.NewClient.
@@ -27,32 +27,39 @@ func newDockerClient(ctx *types.SystemContext) (*dockerclient.Client, error) {
 	// regardless of the values in the *tls.Config), and we would have to call sockets.ConfigureTransport.
 	//
 	// We don't really want to configure anything for unix:// sockets, so just pass a nil *http.Client.
-	proto, _, _, err := dockerclient.ParseHost(host)
+	//
+	// Similarly, if we want to communicate over plain HTTP on a TCP socket, we also need to set
+	// TLSClientConfig to nil. This can be achieved by using the form `http://`
+	url, err := dockerclient.ParseHostURL(host)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	var httpClient *http.Client
-	if proto != "unix" {
-		hc, err := tlsConfig(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+	if url.Scheme != "unix" {
+		if url.Scheme == "http" {
+			httpClient = httpConfig()
+		} else {
+			hc, err := tlsConfig(sys)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			httpClient = hc
 		}
-		httpClient = hc
 	}
 
 	return dockerclient.NewClient(host, defaultAPIVersion, httpClient, nil)
 }
 
-func tlsConfig(ctx *types.SystemContext) (*http.Client, error) {
+func tlsConfig(sys *types.SystemContext) (*http.Client, error) {
 	options := tlsconfig.Options{}
-	if ctx != nil && ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify {
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify {
 		options.InsecureSkipVerify = true
 	}
 
-	if ctx != nil && ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath != "" {
-		options.CAFile = filepath.Join(ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath, "ca.pem")
-		options.CertFile = filepath.Join(ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath, "cert.pem")
-		options.KeyFile = filepath.Join(ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath, "key.pem")
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerDaemonCertPath != "" {
+		options.CAFile = filepath.Join(sys.DockerDaemonCertPath, "ca.pem")
+		options.CertFile = filepath.Join(sys.DockerDaemonCertPath, "cert.pem")
+		options.KeyFile = filepath.Join(sys.DockerDaemonCertPath, "key.pem")
 	}
 
 	tlsc, err := tlsconfig.Client(options)
@@ -67,3 +74,12 @@ func tlsConfig(ctx *types.SystemContext) (*http.Client, error) {
 		CheckRedirect: dockerclient.CheckRedirect,
 	}, nil
 }
+
+func httpConfig() *http.Client {
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http.Transport{
+			TLSClientConfig: nil,
+		},
+		CheckRedirect: dockerclient.CheckRedirect,
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/daemon/daemon_dest.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package daemon
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
@@ -9,11 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
 )
 
 type daemonImageDestination struct {
 	ref                  daemonReference
+	mustMatchRuntimeOS   bool
 	*tarfile.Destination // Implements most of types.ImageDestination
 	// For talking to imageLoadGoroutine
 	goroutineCancel context.CancelFunc
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ type daemonImageDestination struct {
 }
 
 // newImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for the specified image reference.
-func newImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref daemonReference) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+func newImageDestination(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref daemonReference) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
 	if ref.ref == nil {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid destination docker-daemon:%s: a destination must be a name:tag", ref.StringWithinTransport())
 	}
@@ -33,7 +34,12 @@ func newImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref daemonReference) (types.I
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid destination docker-daemon:%s: a destination must be a name:tag", ref.StringWithinTransport())
 	}
 
-	c, err := newDockerClient(ctx)
+	var mustMatchRuntimeOS = true
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerDaemonHost != client.DefaultDockerHost {
+		mustMatchRuntimeOS = false
+	}
+
+	c, err := newDockerClient(sys)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error initializing docker engine client")
 	}
@@ -42,16 +48,17 @@ func newImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref daemonReference) (types.I
 	// Commit() may never be called, so we may never read from this channel; so, make this buffered to allow imageLoadGoroutine to write status and terminate even if we never read it.
 	statusChannel := make(chan error, 1)
 
-	goroutineContext, goroutineCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	goroutineContext, goroutineCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	go imageLoadGoroutine(goroutineContext, c, reader, statusChannel)
 
 	return &daemonImageDestination{
-		ref:             ref,
-		Destination:     tarfile.NewDestination(writer, namedTaggedRef),
-		goroutineCancel: goroutineCancel,
-		statusChannel:   statusChannel,
-		writer:          writer,
-		committed:       false,
+		ref:                ref,
+		mustMatchRuntimeOS: mustMatchRuntimeOS,
+		Destination:        tarfile.NewDestination(writer, namedTaggedRef),
+		goroutineCancel:    goroutineCancel,
+		statusChannel:      statusChannel,
+		writer:             writer,
+		committed:          false,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -78,9 +85,14 @@ func imageLoadGoroutine(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, reader *io.PipeRe
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 }
 
+// DesiredLayerCompression indicates if layers must be compressed, decompressed or preserved
+func (d *daemonImageDestination) DesiredLayerCompression() types.LayerCompression {
+	return types.PreserveOriginal
+}
+
 // MustMatchRuntimeOS returns true iff the destination can store only images targeted for the current runtime OS. False otherwise.
 func (d *daemonImageDestination) MustMatchRuntimeOS() bool {
-	return true
+	return d.mustMatchRuntimeOS
 }
 
 // Close removes resources associated with an initialized ImageDestination, if any.
@@ -112,9 +124,9 @@ func (d *daemonImageDestination) Reference() types.ImageReference {
 // WARNING: This does not have any transactional semantics:
 // - Uploaded data MAY be visible to others before Commit() is called
 // - Uploaded data MAY be removed or MAY remain around if Close() is called without Commit() (i.e. rollback is allowed but not guaranteed)
-func (d *daemonImageDestination) Commit() error {
+func (d *daemonImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 	logrus.Debugf("docker-daemon: Closing tar stream")
-	if err := d.Destination.Commit(); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Destination.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if err := d.writer.Close(); err != nil {
@@ -123,6 +135,10 @@ func (d *daemonImageDestination) Commit() error {
 	d.committed = true // We may still fail, but we are done sending to imageLoadGoroutine.
 
 	logrus.Debugf("docker-daemon: Waiting for status")
-	err := <-d.statusChannel
-	return err
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case err := <-d.statusChannel:
+		return err
+	}
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/daemon/daemon_src.go

@@ -1,22 +1,16 @@
 package daemon
 
 import (
-	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
+	"context"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/tarfile"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
 )
 
-const temporaryDirectoryForBigFiles = "/var/tmp" // Do not use the system default of os.TempDir(), usually /tmp, because with systemd it could be a tmpfs.
-
 type daemonImageSource struct {
 	ref             daemonReference
 	*tarfile.Source // Implements most of types.ImageSource
-	tarCopyPath     string
 }
 
 type layerInfo struct {
@@ -33,42 +27,26 @@ type layerInfo struct {
 // (We could, perhaps, expect an exact sequence, assume that the first plaintext file
 // is the config, and that the following len(RootFS) files are the layers, but that feels
 // way too brittle.)
-func newImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref daemonReference) (types.ImageSource, error) {
-	c, err := newDockerClient(ctx)
+func newImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref daemonReference) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+	c, err := newDockerClient(sys)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error initializing docker engine client")
 	}
 	// Per NewReference(), ref.StringWithinTransport() is either an image ID (config digest), or a !reference.NameOnly() reference.
 	// Either way ImageSave should create a tarball with exactly one image.
-	inputStream, err := c.ImageSave(context.TODO(), []string{ref.StringWithinTransport()})
+	inputStream, err := c.ImageSave(ctx, []string{ref.StringWithinTransport()})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error loading image from docker engine")
 	}
 	defer inputStream.Close()
 
-	// FIXME: use SystemContext here.
-	tarCopyFile, err := ioutil.TempFile(temporaryDirectoryForBigFiles, "docker-daemon-tar")
+	src, err := tarfile.NewSourceFromStream(inputStream)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer tarCopyFile.Close()
-
-	succeeded := false
-	defer func() {
-		if !succeeded {
-			os.Remove(tarCopyFile.Name())
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(tarCopyFile, inputStream); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	succeeded = true
 	return &daemonImageSource{
-		ref:         ref,
-		Source:      tarfile.NewSource(tarCopyFile.Name()),
-		tarCopyPath: tarCopyFile.Name(),
+		ref:    ref,
+		Source: src,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +56,7 @@ func (s *daemonImageSource) Reference() types.ImageReference {
 	return s.ref
 }
 
-// Close removes resources associated with an initialized ImageSource, if any.
-func (s *daemonImageSource) Close() error {
-	return os.Remove(s.tarCopyPath)
+// LayerInfosForCopy() returns updated layer info that should be used when reading, in preference to values in the manifest, if specified.
+func (s *daemonImageSource) LayerInfosForCopy(ctx context.Context) ([]types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	return nil, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/daemon/daemon_transport.go

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 package daemon
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/policyconfiguration"
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -34,8 +37,15 @@ func (t daemonTransport) ParseReference(reference string) (types.ImageReference,
 // It is acceptable to allow an invalid value which will never be matched, it can "only" cause user confusion.
 // scope passed to this function will not be "", that value is always allowed.
 func (t daemonTransport) ValidatePolicyConfigurationScope(scope string) error {
-	// See the explanation in daemonReference.PolicyConfigurationIdentity.
-	return errors.New(`docker-daemon: does not support any scopes except the default "" one`)
+	// ID values cannot be effectively namespaced, and are clearly invalid host:port values.
+	if _, err := digest.Parse(scope); err == nil {
+		return errors.Errorf(`docker-daemon: can not use algo:digest value %s as a namespace`, scope)
+	}
+
+	// FIXME? We could be verifying the various character set and length restrictions
+	// from docker/distribution/reference.regexp.go, but other than that there
+	// are few semantically invalid strings.
+	return nil
 }
 
 // daemonReference is an ImageReference for images managed by a local Docker daemon
@@ -87,6 +97,8 @@ func NewReference(id digest.Digest, ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference,
 		// A github.com/distribution/reference value can have a tag and a digest at the same time!
 		// Most versions of docker/reference do not handle that (ignoring the tag), so reject such input.
 		// This MAY be accepted in the future.
+		// (Even if it were supported, the semantics of policy namespaces are unclear - should we drop
+		// the tag or the digest first?)
 		_, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
 		_, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical)
 		if isTagged && isDigested {
@@ -136,9 +148,28 @@ func (ref daemonReference) DockerReference() reference.Named {
 // Returns "" if configuration identities for these references are not supported.
 func (ref daemonReference) PolicyConfigurationIdentity() string {
 	// We must allow referring to images in the daemon by image ID, otherwise untagged images would not be accessible.
-	// But the existence of image IDs means that we can’t truly well namespace the input; the untagged images would have to fall into the default policy,
-	// which can be unexpected.  So, punt.
-	return "" // This still allows using the default "" scope to define a policy for this transport.
+	// But the existence of image IDs means that we can’t truly well namespace the input:
+	// a single image can be namespaced either using the name or the ID depending on how it is named.
+	//
+	// That’s fairly unexpected, but we have to cope somehow.
+	//
+	// So, use the ordinary docker/policyconfiguration namespacing for named images.
+	// image IDs all fall into the root namespace.
+	// Users can set up the root namespace to be either untrusted or rejected,
+	// and to set up specific trust for named namespaces.  This allows verifying image
+	// identity when a name is known, and unnamed images would be untrusted or rejected.
+	switch {
+	case ref.id != "":
+		return "" // This still allows using the default "" scope to define a global policy for ID-identified images.
+	case ref.ref != nil:
+		res, err := policyconfiguration.DockerReferenceIdentity(ref.ref)
+		if res == "" || err != nil { // Coverage: Should never happen, NewReference above should refuse values which could cause a failure.
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Internal inconsistency: policyconfiguration.DockerReferenceIdentity returned %#v, %v", res, err))
+		}
+		return res
+	default: // Coverage: Should never happen, NewReference above should refuse such values.
+		panic("Internal inconsistency: daemonReference has empty id and nil ref")
+	}
 }
 
 // PolicyConfigurationNamespaces returns a list of other policy configuration namespaces to search
@@ -148,33 +179,43 @@ func (ref daemonReference) PolicyConfigurationIdentity() string {
 // and each following element to be a prefix of the element preceding it.
 func (ref daemonReference) PolicyConfigurationNamespaces() []string {
 	// See the explanation in daemonReference.PolicyConfigurationIdentity.
-	return []string{}
+	switch {
+	case ref.id != "":
+		return []string{}
+	case ref.ref != nil:
+		return policyconfiguration.DockerReferenceNamespaces(ref.ref)
+	default: // Coverage: Should never happen, NewReference above should refuse such values.
+		panic("Internal inconsistency: daemonReference has empty id and nil ref")
+	}
 }
 
-// NewImage returns a types.Image for this reference.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
-func (ref daemonReference) NewImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.Image, error) {
-	src, err := newImageSource(ctx, ref)
+// NewImage returns a types.ImageCloser for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
+// NOTE: If any kind of signature verification should happen, build an UnparsedImage from the value returned by NewImageSource,
+// verify that UnparsedImage, and convert it into a real Image via image.FromUnparsedImage.
+// WARNING: This may not do the right thing for a manifest list, see image.FromSource for details.
+func (ref daemonReference) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
+	src, err := newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return image.FromSource(src)
+	return image.FromSource(ctx, sys, src)
 }
 
 // NewImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func (ref daemonReference) NewImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
-	return newImageSource(ctx, ref)
+func (ref daemonReference) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+	return newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // NewImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageDestination.
-func (ref daemonReference) NewImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
-	return newImageDestination(ctx, ref)
+func (ref daemonReference) NewImageDestination(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+	return newImageDestination(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // DeleteImage deletes the named image from the registry, if supported.
-func (ref daemonReference) DeleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) error {
+func (ref daemonReference) DeleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) error {
 	// Should this just untag the image? Should this stop running containers?
 	// The semantics is not quite as clear as for remote repositories.
 	// The user can run (docker rmi) directly anyway, so, for now(?), punt instead of trying to guess what the user meant.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_client.go

@@ -8,26 +8,30 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/docker/config"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/tlsclientconfig"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/tlsconfig"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 const (
-	dockerHostname = "docker.io"
-	dockerRegistry = "registry-1.docker.io"
-
-	systemPerHostCertDirPath = "/etc/docker/certs.d"
+	dockerHostname   = "docker.io"
+	dockerV1Hostname = "index.docker.io"
+	dockerRegistry   = "registry-1.docker.io"
 
 	resolvedPingV2URL       = "%s://%s/v2/"
 	resolvedPingV1URL       = "%s://%s/v1/_ping"
@@ -49,6 +53,7 @@ var (
 	ErrV1NotSupported = errors.New("can't talk to a V1 docker registry")
 	// ErrUnauthorizedForCredentials is returned when the status code returned is 401
 	ErrUnauthorizedForCredentials = errors.New("unable to retrieve auth token: invalid username/password")
+	systemPerHostCertDirPaths     = [2]string{"/etc/containers/certs.d", "/etc/docker/certs.d"}
 )
 
 // extensionSignature and extensionSignatureList come from github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/dockerregistry/server/signaturedispatcher.go:
@@ -66,29 +71,40 @@ type extensionSignatureList struct {
 }
 
 type bearerToken struct {
-	Token     string    `json:"token"`
-	ExpiresIn int       `json:"expires_in"`
-	IssuedAt  time.Time `json:"issued_at"`
+	Token          string    `json:"token"`
+	AccessToken    string    `json:"access_token"`
+	ExpiresIn      int       `json:"expires_in"`
+	IssuedAt       time.Time `json:"issued_at"`
+	expirationTime time.Time
 }
 
 // dockerClient is configuration for dealing with a single Docker registry.
 type dockerClient struct {
 	// The following members are set by newDockerClient and do not change afterwards.
-	ctx           *types.SystemContext
-	registry      string
+	sys      *types.SystemContext
+	registry string
+
+	// tlsClientConfig is setup by newDockerClient and will be used and updated
+	// by detectProperties(). Callers can edit tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify in the meantime.
+	tlsClientConfig *tls.Config
+	// The following members are not set by newDockerClient and must be set by callers if needed.
 	username      string
 	password      string
-	client        *http.Client
 	signatureBase signatureStorageBase
 	scope         authScope
+
 	// The following members are detected registry properties:
 	// They are set after a successful detectProperties(), and never change afterwards.
-	scheme             string // Empty value also used to indicate detectProperties() has not yet succeeded.
+	client             *http.Client
+	scheme             string
 	challenges         []challenge
 	supportsSignatures bool
-	// The following members are private state for setupRequestAuth, both are valid if token != nil.
-	token           *bearerToken
-	tokenExpiration time.Time
+
+	// Private state for setupRequestAuth (key: string, value: bearerToken)
+	tokenCache sync.Map
+	// Private state for detectProperties:
+	detectPropertiesOnce  sync.Once // detectPropertiesOnce is used to execute detectProperties() at most once.
+	detectPropertiesError error     // detectPropertiesError caches the initial error.
 }
 
 type authScope struct {
@@ -96,6 +112,38 @@ type authScope struct {
 	actions    string
 }
 
+// sendAuth determines whether we need authentication for v2 or v1 endpoint.
+type sendAuth int
+
+const (
+	// v2 endpoint with authentication.
+	v2Auth sendAuth = iota
+	// v1 endpoint with authentication.
+	// TODO: Get v1Auth working
+	// v1Auth
+	// no authentication, works for both v1 and v2.
+	noAuth
+)
+
+func newBearerTokenFromJSONBlob(blob []byte) (*bearerToken, error) {
+	token := new(bearerToken)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &token); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if token.Token == "" {
+		token.Token = token.AccessToken
+	}
+	if token.ExpiresIn < minimumTokenLifetimeSeconds {
+		token.ExpiresIn = minimumTokenLifetimeSeconds
+		logrus.Debugf("Increasing token expiration to: %d seconds", token.ExpiresIn)
+	}
+	if token.IssuedAt.IsZero() {
+		token.IssuedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+	}
+	token.expirationTime = token.IssuedAt.Add(time.Duration(token.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+	return token, nil
+}
+
 // this is cloned from docker/go-connections because upstream docker has changed
 // it and make deps here fails otherwise.
 // We'll drop this once we upgrade to docker 1.13.x deps.
@@ -109,84 +157,125 @@ func serverDefault() *tls.Config {
 }
 
 // dockerCertDir returns a path to a directory to be consumed by tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates() depending on ctx and hostPort.
-func dockerCertDir(ctx *types.SystemContext, hostPort string) string {
-	if ctx != nil && ctx.DockerCertPath != "" {
-		return ctx.DockerCertPath
+func dockerCertDir(sys *types.SystemContext, hostPort string) (string, error) {
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerCertPath != "" {
+		return sys.DockerCertPath, nil
 	}
-	var hostCertDir string
-	if ctx != nil && ctx.DockerPerHostCertDirPath != "" {
-		hostCertDir = ctx.DockerPerHostCertDirPath
-	} else if ctx != nil && ctx.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths != "" {
-		hostCertDir = filepath.Join(ctx.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths, systemPerHostCertDirPath)
-	} else {
-		hostCertDir = systemPerHostCertDirPath
+	if sys != nil && sys.DockerPerHostCertDirPath != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(sys.DockerPerHostCertDirPath, hostPort), nil
 	}
-	return filepath.Join(hostCertDir, hostPort)
+
+	var (
+		hostCertDir     string
+		fullCertDirPath string
+	)
+	for _, systemPerHostCertDirPath := range systemPerHostCertDirPaths {
+		if sys != nil && sys.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths != "" {
+			hostCertDir = filepath.Join(sys.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths, systemPerHostCertDirPath)
+		} else {
+			hostCertDir = systemPerHostCertDirPath
+		}
+
+		fullCertDirPath = filepath.Join(hostCertDir, hostPort)
+		_, err := os.Stat(fullCertDirPath)
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if os.IsPermission(err) {
+			logrus.Debugf("error accessing certs directory due to permissions: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return fullCertDirPath, nil
 }
 
 // newDockerClientFromRef returns a new dockerClient instance for refHostname (a host a specified in the Docker image reference, not canonicalized to dockerRegistry)
 // “write” specifies whether the client will be used for "write" access (in particular passed to lookaside.go:toplevelFromSection)
-func newDockerClientFromRef(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference, write bool, actions string) (*dockerClient, error) {
+func newDockerClientFromRef(sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference, write bool, actions string) (*dockerClient, error) {
 	registry := reference.Domain(ref.ref)
-	username, password, err := config.GetAuthentication(ctx, reference.Domain(ref.ref))
+	username, password, err := config.GetAuthentication(sys, registry)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error getting username and password")
 	}
-	sigBase, err := configuredSignatureStorageBase(ctx, ref, write)
+	sigBase, err := configuredSignatureStorageBase(sys, ref, write)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	remoteName := reference.Path(ref.ref)
 
-	return newDockerClientWithDetails(ctx, registry, username, password, actions, sigBase, remoteName)
+	client, err := newDockerClient(sys, registry, ref.ref.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	client.username = username
+	client.password = password
+	client.signatureBase = sigBase
+	client.scope.actions = actions
+	client.scope.remoteName = reference.Path(ref.ref)
+	return client, nil
 }
 
-// newDockerClientWithDetails returns a new dockerClient instance for the given parameters
-func newDockerClientWithDetails(ctx *types.SystemContext, registry, username, password, actions string, sigBase signatureStorageBase, remoteName string) (*dockerClient, error) {
+// newDockerClient returns a new dockerClient instance for the given registry
+// and reference.  The reference is used to query the registry configuration
+// and can either be a registry (e.g, "registry.com[:5000]"), a repository
+// (e.g., "registry.com[:5000][/some/namespace]/repo").
+// Please note that newDockerClient does not set all members of dockerClient
+// (e.g., username and password); those must be set by callers if necessary.
+func newDockerClient(sys *types.SystemContext, registry, reference string) (*dockerClient, error) {
 	hostName := registry
 	if registry == dockerHostname {
 		registry = dockerRegistry
 	}
-	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
-	tr.TLSClientConfig = serverDefault()
+	tlsClientConfig := serverDefault()
 
 	// It is undefined whether the host[:port] string for dockerHostname should be dockerHostname or dockerRegistry,
 	// because docker/docker does not read the certs.d subdirectory at all in that case.  We use the user-visible
 	// dockerHostname here, because it is more symmetrical to read the configuration in that case as well, and because
 	// generally the UI hides the existence of the different dockerRegistry.  But note that this behavior is
 	// undocumented and may change if docker/docker changes.
-	certDir := dockerCertDir(ctx, hostName)
-	if err := tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates(certDir, tr.TLSClientConfig); err != nil {
+	certDir, err := dockerCertDir(sys, hostName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates(certDir, tlsClientConfig); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if ctx != nil && ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify {
-		tr.TLSClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
+	// Check if TLS verification shall be skipped (default=false) which can
+	// be specified in the sysregistriesv2 configuration.
+	skipVerify := false
+	reg, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, reference)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries")
 	}
+	if reg != nil {
+		skipVerify = reg.Insecure
+	}
+	tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = skipVerify
 
 	return &dockerClient{
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		registry:      registry,
-		username:      username,
-		password:      password,
-		client:        &http.Client{Transport: tr},
-		signatureBase: sigBase,
-		scope: authScope{
-			actions:    actions,
-			remoteName: remoteName,
-		},
+		sys:             sys,
+		registry:        registry,
+		tlsClientConfig: tlsClientConfig,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 // CheckAuth validates the credentials by attempting to log into the registry
-// returns an error if an error occcured while making the http request or the status code received was 401
-func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context, sCtx *types.SystemContext, username, password, registry string) error {
-	newLoginClient, err := newDockerClientWithDetails(sCtx, registry, username, password, "", nil, "")
+// returns an error if an error occurred while making the http request or the status code received was 401
+func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, username, password, registry string) error {
+	client, err := newDockerClient(sys, registry, registry)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating new docker client")
 	}
+	client.username = username
+	client.password = password
 
-	resp, err := newLoginClient.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/", nil, nil)
+	resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/", nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -198,26 +287,135 @@ func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context, sCtx *types.SystemContext, username, passwor
 	case http.StatusUnauthorized:
 		return ErrUnauthorizedForCredentials
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("error occured with status code %q", resp.StatusCode)
+		return errors.Errorf("error occured with status code %d (%s)", resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
 	}
 }
 
+// SearchResult holds the information of each matching image
+// It matches the output returned by the v1 endpoint
+type SearchResult struct {
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+	// StarCount states the number of stars the image has
+	StarCount int  `json:"star_count"`
+	IsTrusted bool `json:"is_trusted"`
+	// IsAutomated states whether the image is an automated build
+	IsAutomated bool `json:"is_automated"`
+	// IsOfficial states whether the image is an official build
+	IsOfficial bool `json:"is_official"`
+}
+
+// SearchRegistry queries a registry for images that contain "image" in their name
+// The limit is the max number of results desired
+// Note: The limit value doesn't work with all registries
+// for example registry.access.redhat.com returns all the results without limiting it to the limit value
+func SearchRegistry(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, registry, image string, limit int) ([]SearchResult, error) {
+	type V2Results struct {
+		// Repositories holds the results returned by the /v2/_catalog endpoint
+		Repositories []string `json:"repositories"`
+	}
+	type V1Results struct {
+		// Results holds the results returned by the /v1/search endpoint
+		Results []SearchResult `json:"results"`
+	}
+	v2Res := &V2Results{}
+	v1Res := &V1Results{}
+
+	// Get credentials from authfile for the underlying hostname
+	username, password, err := config.GetAuthentication(sys, registry)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error getting username and password")
+	}
+
+	// The /v2/_catalog endpoint has been disabled for docker.io therefore
+	// the call made to that endpoint will fail.  So using the v1 hostname
+	// for docker.io for simplicity of implementation and the fact that it
+	// returns search results.
+	hostname := registry
+	if registry == dockerHostname {
+		hostname = dockerV1Hostname
+	}
+
+	client, err := newDockerClient(sys, hostname, registry)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating new docker client")
+	}
+	client.username = username
+	client.password = password
+
+	// Only try the v1 search endpoint if the search query is not empty. If it is
+	// empty skip to the v2 endpoint.
+	if image != "" {
+		// set up the query values for the v1 endpoint
+		u := url.URL{
+			Path: "/v1/search",
+		}
+		q := u.Query()
+		q.Set("q", image)
+		q.Set("n", strconv.Itoa(limit))
+		u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+
+		logrus.Debugf("trying to talk to v1 search endpoint")
+		resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", u.String(), nil, nil, noAuth, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("error getting search results from v1 endpoint %q: %v", registry, err)
+		} else {
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+				logrus.Debugf("error getting search results from v1 endpoint %q, status code %d (%s)", registry, resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
+			} else {
+				if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(v1Res); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				return v1Res.Results, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("trying to talk to v2 search endpoint")
+	resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/_catalog", nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("error getting search results from v2 endpoint %q: %v", registry, err)
+	} else {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			logrus.Errorf("error getting search results from v2 endpoint %q, status code %d (%s)", registry, resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
+		} else {
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(v2Res); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			searchRes := []SearchResult{}
+			for _, repo := range v2Res.Repositories {
+				if strings.Contains(repo, image) {
+					res := SearchResult{
+						Name: repo,
+					}
+					searchRes = append(searchRes, res)
+				}
+			}
+			return searchRes, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "couldn't search registry %q", registry)
+}
+
 // makeRequest creates and executes a http.Request with the specified parameters, adding authentication and TLS options for the Docker client.
 // The host name and schema is taken from the client or autodetected, and the path is relative to it, i.e. the path usually starts with /v2/.
-func (c *dockerClient) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, method, path string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (c *dockerClient) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, method, path string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, auth sendAuth, extraScope *authScope) (*http.Response, error) {
 	if err := c.detectProperties(ctx); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s%s", c.scheme, c.registry, path)
-	return c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, method, url, headers, stream, -1, true)
+	return c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, method, url, headers, stream, -1, auth, extraScope)
 }
 
 // makeRequestToResolvedURL creates and executes a http.Request with the specified parameters, adding authentication and TLS options for the Docker client.
 // streamLen, if not -1, specifies the length of the data expected on stream.
 // makeRequest should generally be preferred.
 // TODO(runcom): too many arguments here, use a struct
-func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, streamLen int64, sendAuth bool) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, streamLen int64, auth sendAuth, extraScope *authScope) (*http.Response, error) {
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, stream)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -232,11 +430,11 @@ func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url
 			req.Header.Add(n, hh)
 		}
 	}
-	if c.ctx != nil && c.ctx.DockerRegistryUserAgent != "" {
-		req.Header.Add("User-Agent", c.ctx.DockerRegistryUserAgent)
+	if c.sys != nil && c.sys.DockerRegistryUserAgent != "" {
+		req.Header.Add("User-Agent", c.sys.DockerRegistryUserAgent)
 	}
-	if sendAuth {
-		if err := c.setupRequestAuth(req); err != nil {
+	if auth == v2Auth {
+		if err := c.setupRequestAuth(req, extraScope); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -255,7 +453,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url
 // 2) gcr.io is sending 401 without a WWW-Authenticate header in the real request
 //
 // debugging: https://github.com/containers/image/pull/211#issuecomment-273426236 and follows up
-func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request) error {
+func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request, extraScope *authScope) error {
 	if len(c.challenges) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -267,24 +465,27 @@ func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request) error {
 			req.SetBasicAuth(c.username, c.password)
 			return nil
 		case "bearer":
-			if c.token == nil || time.Now().After(c.tokenExpiration) {
-				realm, ok := challenge.Parameters["realm"]
-				if !ok {
-					return errors.Errorf("missing realm in bearer auth challenge")
-				}
-				service, _ := challenge.Parameters["service"] // Will be "" if not present
-				var scope string
-				if c.scope.remoteName != "" && c.scope.actions != "" {
-					scope = fmt.Sprintf("repository:%s:%s", c.scope.remoteName, c.scope.actions)
-				}
-				token, err := c.getBearerToken(req.Context(), realm, service, scope)
+			cacheKey := ""
+			scopes := []authScope{c.scope}
+			if extraScope != nil {
+				// Using ':' as a separator here is unambiguous because getBearerToken below uses the same separator when formatting a remote request (and because repository names can't contain colons).
+				cacheKey = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", extraScope.remoteName, extraScope.actions)
+				scopes = append(scopes, *extraScope)
+			}
+			var token bearerToken
+			t, inCache := c.tokenCache.Load(cacheKey)
+			if inCache {
+				token = t.(bearerToken)
+			}
+			if !inCache || time.Now().After(token.expirationTime) {
+				t, err := c.getBearerToken(req.Context(), challenge, scopes)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				c.token = token
-				c.tokenExpiration = token.IssuedAt.Add(time.Duration(token.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+				token = *t
+				c.tokenCache.Store(cacheKey, token)
 			}
-			req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", c.token.Token))
+			req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token.Token))
 			return nil
 		default:
 			logrus.Debugf("no handler for %s authentication", challenge.Scheme)
@@ -294,23 +495,34 @@ func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *dockerClient) getBearerToken(ctx context.Context, realm, service, scope string) (*bearerToken, error) {
+func (c *dockerClient) getBearerToken(ctx context.Context, challenge challenge, scopes []authScope) (*bearerToken, error) {
+	realm, ok := challenge.Parameters["realm"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("missing realm in bearer auth challenge")
+	}
+
 	authReq, err := http.NewRequest("GET", realm, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	authReq = authReq.WithContext(ctx)
 	getParams := authReq.URL.Query()
-	if service != "" {
+	if c.username != "" {
+		getParams.Add("account", c.username)
+	}
+	if service, ok := challenge.Parameters["service"]; ok && service != "" {
 		getParams.Add("service", service)
 	}
-	if scope != "" {
-		getParams.Add("scope", scope)
+	for _, scope := range scopes {
+		if scope.remoteName != "" && scope.actions != "" {
+			getParams.Add("scope", fmt.Sprintf("repository:%s:%s", scope.remoteName, scope.actions))
+		}
 	}
 	authReq.URL.RawQuery = getParams.Encode()
 	if c.username != "" && c.password != "" {
 		authReq.SetBasicAuth(c.username, c.password)
 	}
+	logrus.Debugf("%s %s", authReq.Method, authReq.URL.String())
 	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
 	// TODO(runcom): insecure for now to contact the external token service
 	tr.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}
@@ -326,44 +538,39 @@ func (c *dockerClient) getBearerToken(ctx context.Context, realm, service, scope
 	case http.StatusOK:
 		break
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unexpected http code: %d, URL: %s", res.StatusCode, authReq.URL)
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unexpected http code: %d (%s), URL: %s", res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode), authReq.URL)
 	}
 	tokenBlob, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	var token bearerToken
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(tokenBlob, &token); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if token.ExpiresIn < minimumTokenLifetimeSeconds {
-		token.ExpiresIn = minimumTokenLifetimeSeconds
-		logrus.Debugf("Increasing token expiration to: %d seconds", token.ExpiresIn)
-	}
-	if token.IssuedAt.IsZero() {
-		token.IssuedAt = time.Now().UTC()
-	}
-	return &token, nil
+
+	return newBearerTokenFromJSONBlob(tokenBlob)
 }
 
-// detectProperties detects various properties of the registry.
-// See the dockerClient documentation for members which are affected by this.
-func (c *dockerClient) detectProperties(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if c.scheme != "" {
-		return nil
+// detectPropertiesHelper performs the work of detectProperties which executes
+// it at most once.
+func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// We overwrite the TLS clients `InsecureSkipVerify` only if explicitly
+	// specified by the system context
+	if c.sys != nil && c.sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify != types.OptionalBoolUndefined {
+		c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = c.sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify == types.OptionalBoolTrue
 	}
+	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
+	tr.TLSClientConfig = c.tlsClientConfig
+	c.client = &http.Client{Transport: tr}
 
 	ping := func(scheme string) error {
 		url := fmt.Sprintf(resolvedPingV2URL, scheme, c.registry)
-		resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, true)
-		logrus.Debugf("Ping %s err %#v", url, err)
+		resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
 		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("Ping %s err %s (%#v)", url, err.Error(), err)
 			return err
 		}
 		defer resp.Body.Close()
 		logrus.Debugf("Ping %s status %d", url, resp.StatusCode)
 		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusUnauthorized {
-			return errors.Errorf("error pinging repository, response code %d", resp.StatusCode)
+			return errors.Errorf("error pinging registry %s, response code %d (%s)", c.registry, resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
 		}
 		c.challenges = parseAuthHeader(resp.Header)
 		c.scheme = scheme
@@ -371,20 +578,20 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectProperties(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	err := ping("https")
-	if err != nil && c.ctx != nil && c.ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify {
+	if err != nil && c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
 		err = ping("http")
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		err = errors.Wrap(err, "pinging docker registry returned")
-		if c.ctx != nil && c.ctx.DockerDisableV1Ping {
+		if c.sys != nil && c.sys.DockerDisableV1Ping {
 			return err
 		}
 		// best effort to understand if we're talking to a V1 registry
 		pingV1 := func(scheme string) bool {
 			url := fmt.Sprintf(resolvedPingV1URL, scheme, c.registry)
-			resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, true)
-			logrus.Debugf("Ping %s err %#v", url, err)
+			resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
 			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Debugf("Ping %s err %s (%#v)", url, err.Error(), err)
 				return false
 			}
 			defer resp.Body.Close()
@@ -395,7 +602,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectProperties(ctx context.Context) error {
 			return true
 		}
 		isV1 := pingV1("https")
-		if !isV1 && c.ctx != nil && c.ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify {
+		if !isV1 && c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
 			isV1 = pingV1("http")
 		}
 		if isV1 {
@@ -405,17 +612,24 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectProperties(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// detectProperties detects various properties of the registry.
+// See the dockerClient documentation for members which are affected by this.
+func (c *dockerClient) detectProperties(ctx context.Context) error {
+	c.detectPropertiesOnce.Do(func() { c.detectPropertiesError = c.detectPropertiesHelper(ctx) })
+	return c.detectPropertiesError
+}
+
 // getExtensionsSignatures returns signatures from the X-Registry-Supports-Signatures API extension,
 // using the original data structures.
 func (c *dockerClient) getExtensionsSignatures(ctx context.Context, ref dockerReference, manifestDigest digest.Digest) (*extensionSignatureList, error) {
 	path := fmt.Sprintf(extensionsSignaturePath, reference.Path(ref.ref), manifestDigest)
-	res, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil)
+	res, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, client.HandleErrorResponse(res)
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error downloading signatures for %s in %s", manifestDigest, ref.ref.Name())
 	}
 	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
@@ -12,26 +14,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-// Image is a Docker-specific implementation of types.Image with a few extra methods
+// Image is a Docker-specific implementation of types.ImageCloser with a few extra methods
 // which are specific to Docker.
 type Image struct {
-	types.Image
+	types.ImageCloser
 	src *dockerImageSource
 }
 
 // newImage returns a new Image interface type after setting up
 // a client to the registry hosting the given image.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
-func newImage(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (types.Image, error) {
-	s, err := newImageSource(ctx, ref)
+func newImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
+	s, err := newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	img, err := image.FromSource(s)
+	img, err := image.FromSource(ctx, sys, s)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &Image{Image: img, src: s}, nil
+	return &Image{ImageCloser: img, src: s}, nil
 }
 
 // SourceRefFullName returns a fully expanded name for the repository this image is in.
@@ -39,25 +41,67 @@ func (i *Image) SourceRefFullName() string {
 	return i.src.ref.ref.Name()
 }
 
-// GetRepositoryTags list all tags available in the repository. Note that this has no connection with the tag(s) used for this specific image, if any.
-func (i *Image) GetRepositoryTags() ([]string, error) {
-	path := fmt.Sprintf(tagsPath, reference.Path(i.src.ref.ref))
-	// FIXME: Pass the context.Context
-	res, err := i.src.c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "GET", path, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer res.Body.Close()
-	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		// print url also
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid status code returned when fetching tags list %d", res.StatusCode)
-	}
-	type tagsRes struct {
-		Tags []string
-	}
-	tags := &tagsRes{}
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(tags); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return tags.Tags, nil
+// GetRepositoryTags list all tags available in the repository. The tag
+// provided inside the ImageReference will be ignored. (This is a
+// backward-compatible shim method which calls the module-level
+// GetRepositoryTags)
+func (i *Image) GetRepositoryTags(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+	return GetRepositoryTags(ctx, i.src.c.sys, i.src.ref)
+}
+
+// GetRepositoryTags list all tags available in the repository. The tag
+// provided inside the ImageReference will be ignored.
+func GetRepositoryTags(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref types.ImageReference) ([]string, error) {
+	dr, ok := ref.(dockerReference)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("ref must be a dockerReference")
+	}
+
+	path := fmt.Sprintf(tagsPath, reference.Path(dr.ref))
+	client, err := newDockerClientFromRef(sys, dr, false, "pull")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create client")
+	}
+
+	tags := make([]string, 0)
+
+	for {
+		res, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer res.Body.Close()
+		if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			// print url also
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid status code returned when fetching tags list %d (%s)", res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
+		}
+
+		var tagsHolder struct {
+			Tags []string
+		}
+		if err = json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&tagsHolder); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tags = append(tags, tagsHolder.Tags...)
+
+		link := res.Header.Get("Link")
+		if link == "" {
+			break
+		}
+
+		linkURLStr := strings.Trim(strings.Split(link, ";")[0], "<>")
+		linkURL, err := url.Parse(linkURLStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return tags, err
+		}
+
+		// can be relative or absolute, but we only want the path (and I
+		// guess we're in trouble if it forwards to a new place...)
+		path = linkURL.Path
+		if linkURL.RawQuery != "" {
+			path += "?"
+			path += linkURL.RawQuery
+		}
+	}
+	return tags, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_dest.go

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/errcode"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/v2"
@@ -33,8 +35,8 @@ type dockerImageDestination struct {
 }
 
 // newImageDestination creates a new ImageDestination for the specified image reference.
-func newImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
-	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(ctx, ref, true, "pull,push")
+func newImageDestination(sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(sys, ref, true, "pull,push")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -66,8 +68,8 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) SupportedManifestMIMETypes() []string {
 
 // SupportsSignatures returns an error (to be displayed to the user) if the destination certainly can't store signatures.
 // Note: It is still possible for PutSignatures to fail if SupportsSignatures returns nil.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) SupportsSignatures() error {
-	if err := d.c.detectProperties(context.TODO()); err != nil {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) SupportsSignatures(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if err := d.c.detectProperties(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	switch {
@@ -80,9 +82,8 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) SupportsSignatures() error {
 	}
 }
 
-// ShouldCompressLayers returns true iff it is desirable to compress layer blobs written to this destination.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) ShouldCompressLayers() bool {
-	return true
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) DesiredLayerCompression() types.LayerCompression {
+	return types.Compress
 }
 
 // AcceptsForeignLayerURLs returns false iff foreign layers in manifest should be actually
@@ -96,6 +97,13 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) MustMatchRuntimeOS() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference returns true iff the destination does not care about Image.EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(),
+// and would prefer to receive an unmodified manifest instead of one modified for the destination.
+// Does not make a difference if Reference().DockerReference() is nil.
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference() bool {
+	return false // We do want the manifest updated; older registry versions refuse manifests if the embedded reference does not match.
+}
+
 // sizeCounter is an io.Writer which only counts the total size of its input.
 type sizeCounter struct{ size int64 }
 
@@ -104,34 +112,43 @@ func (c *sizeCounter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	return len(p), nil
 }
 
+// HasThreadSafePutBlob indicates whether PutBlob can be executed concurrently.
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) HasThreadSafePutBlob() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 // PutBlob writes contents of stream and returns data representing the result (with all data filled in).
 // inputInfo.Digest can be optionally provided if known; it is not mandatory for the implementation to verify it.
 // inputInfo.Size is the expected length of stream, if known.
+// May update cache.
 // WARNING: The contents of stream are being verified on the fly.  Until stream.Read() returns io.EOF, the contents of the data SHOULD NOT be available
 // to any other readers for download using the supplied digest.
 // If stream.Read() at any time, ESPECIALLY at end of input, returns an error, PutBlob MUST 1) fail, and 2) delete any data stored so far.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache, isConfig bool) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
 	if inputInfo.Digest.String() != "" {
-		haveBlob, size, err := d.HasBlob(inputInfo)
+		// This should not really be necessary, at least the copy code calls TryReusingBlob automatically.
+		// Still, we need to check, if only because the "initiate upload" endpoint does not have a documented "blob already exists" return value.
+		// But we do that with NoCache, so that it _only_ checks the primary destination, instead of trying all mount candidates _again_.
+		haveBlob, reusedInfo, err := d.TryReusingBlob(ctx, inputInfo, none.NoCache, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 		}
 		if haveBlob {
-			return types.BlobInfo{Digest: inputInfo.Digest, Size: size}, nil
+			return reusedInfo, nil
 		}
 	}
 
 	// FIXME? Chunked upload, progress reporting, etc.
 	uploadPath := fmt.Sprintf(blobUploadPath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref))
 	logrus.Debugf("Uploading %s", uploadPath)
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "POST", uploadPath, nil, nil)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "POST", uploadPath, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error initiating layer upload, response %#v", *res)
-		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf("Error initiating layer upload to %s, status %d", uploadPath, res.StatusCode)
+		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error initiating layer upload to %s in %s", uploadPath, d.c.registry)
 	}
 	uploadLocation, err := res.Location()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -141,7 +158,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobI
 	digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
 	sizeCounter := &sizeCounter{}
 	tee := io.TeeReader(stream, io.MultiWriter(digester.Hash(), sizeCounter))
-	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(context.TODO(), "PATCH", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, tee, inputInfo.Size, true)
+	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "PATCH", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, tee, inputInfo.Size, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error uploading layer chunked, response %#v", res)
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
@@ -154,38 +171,34 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobI
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrap(err, "Error determining upload URL")
 	}
 
-	// FIXME: DELETE uploadLocation on failure
+	// FIXME: DELETE uploadLocation on failure (does not really work in docker/distribution servers, which incorrectly require the "delete" action in the token's scope)
 
 	locationQuery := uploadLocation.Query()
 	// TODO: check inputInfo.Digest == computedDigest https://github.com/containers/image/pull/70#discussion_r77646717
 	locationQuery.Set("digest", computedDigest.String())
 	uploadLocation.RawQuery = locationQuery.Encode()
-	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(context.TODO(), "PUT", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, nil, -1, true)
+	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "PUT", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, nil, -1, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error uploading layer, response %#v", *res)
-		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf("Error uploading layer to %s, status %d", uploadLocation, res.StatusCode)
+		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error uploading layer to %s", uploadLocation)
 	}
 
 	logrus.Debugf("Upload of layer %s complete", computedDigest)
+	cache.RecordKnownLocation(d.ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(d.ref), computedDigest, newBICLocationReference(d.ref))
 	return types.BlobInfo{Digest: computedDigest, Size: sizeCounter.size}, nil
 }
 
-// HasBlob returns true iff the image destination already contains a blob with the matching digest which can be reapplied using ReapplyBlob.
-// Unlike PutBlob, the digest can not be empty.  If HasBlob returns true, the size of the blob must also be returned.
-// If the destination does not contain the blob, or it is unknown, HasBlob ordinarily returns (false, -1, nil);
+// blobExists returns true iff repo contains a blob with digest, and if so, also its size.
+// If the destination does not contain the blob, or it is unknown, blobExists ordinarily returns (false, -1, nil);
 // it returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) HasBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (bool, int64, error) {
-	if info.Digest == "" {
-		return false, -1, errors.Errorf(`"Can not check for a blob with unknown digest`)
-	}
-	checkPath := fmt.Sprintf(blobsPath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref), info.Digest.String())
-
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) blobExists(ctx context.Context, repo reference.Named, digest digest.Digest, extraScope *authScope) (bool, int64, error) {
+	checkPath := fmt.Sprintf(blobsPath, reference.Path(repo), digest.String())
 	logrus.Debugf("Checking %s", checkPath)
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "HEAD", checkPath, nil, nil)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "HEAD", checkPath, nil, nil, v2Auth, extraScope)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, -1, err
 	}
@@ -196,24 +209,144 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) HasBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (bool, int64, erro
 		return true, getBlobSize(res), nil
 	case http.StatusUnauthorized:
 		logrus.Debugf("... not authorized")
-		return false, -1, errors.Errorf("not authorized to read from destination repository %s", reference.Path(d.ref.ref))
+		return false, -1, errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error checking whether a blob %s exists in %s", digest, repo.Name())
 	case http.StatusNotFound:
 		logrus.Debugf("... not present")
 		return false, -1, nil
 	default:
-		return false, -1, errors.Errorf("failed to read from destination repository %s: %v", reference.Path(d.ref.ref), http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
+		return false, -1, errors.Errorf("failed to read from destination repository %s: %d (%s)", reference.Path(d.ref.ref), res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
 	}
 }
 
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) ReapplyBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
-	return info, nil
+// mountBlob tries to mount blob srcDigest from srcRepo to the current destination.
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) mountBlob(ctx context.Context, srcRepo reference.Named, srcDigest digest.Digest, extraScope *authScope) error {
+	u := url.URL{
+		Path: fmt.Sprintf(blobUploadPath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref)),
+		RawQuery: url.Values{
+			"mount": {srcDigest.String()},
+			"from":  {reference.Path(srcRepo)},
+		}.Encode(),
+	}
+	mountPath := u.String()
+	logrus.Debugf("Trying to mount %s", mountPath)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "POST", mountPath, nil, nil, v2Auth, extraScope)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	switch res.StatusCode {
+	case http.StatusCreated:
+		logrus.Debugf("... mount OK")
+		return nil
+	case http.StatusAccepted:
+		// Oops, the mount was ignored - either the registry does not support that yet, or the blob does not exist; the registry has started an ordinary upload process.
+		// Abort, and let the ultimate caller do an upload when its ready, instead.
+		// NOTE: This does not really work in docker/distribution servers, which incorrectly require the "delete" action in the token's scope, and is thus entirely untested.
+		uploadLocation, err := res.Location()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "Error determining upload URL after a mount attempt")
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("... started an upload instead of mounting, trying to cancel at %s", uploadLocation.String())
+		res2, err := d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "DELETE", uploadLocation.String(), nil, nil, -1, v2Auth, extraScope)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("Error trying to cancel an inadvertent upload: %s", err)
+		} else {
+			defer res2.Body.Close()
+			if res2.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+				logrus.Debugf("Error trying to cancel an inadvertent upload, status %s", http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
+			}
+		}
+		// Anyway, if canceling the upload fails, ignore it and return the more important error:
+		return fmt.Errorf("Mounting %s from %s to %s started an upload instead", srcDigest, srcRepo.Name(), d.ref.ref.Name())
+	default:
+		logrus.Debugf("Error mounting, response %#v", *res)
+		return errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error mounting %s from %s to %s", srcDigest, srcRepo.Name(), d.ref.ref.Name())
+	}
+}
+
+// TryReusingBlob checks whether the transport already contains, or can efficiently reuse, a blob, and if so, applies it to the current destination
+// (e.g. if the blob is a filesystem layer, this signifies that the changes it describes need to be applied again when composing a filesystem tree).
+// info.Digest must not be empty.
+// If canSubstitute, TryReusingBlob can use an equivalent equivalent of the desired blob; in that case the returned info may not match the input.
+// If the blob has been succesfully reused, returns (true, info, nil); info must contain at least a digest and size.
+// If the transport can not reuse the requested blob, TryReusingBlob returns (false, {}, nil); it returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
+// May use and/or update cache.
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache, canSubstitute bool) (bool, types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	if info.Digest == "" {
+		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf(`"Can not check for a blob with unknown digest`)
+	}
+
+	// First, check whether the blob happens to already exist at the destination.
+	exists, size, err := d.blobExists(ctx, d.ref.ref, info.Digest, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, err
+	}
+	if exists {
+		cache.RecordKnownLocation(d.ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(d.ref), info.Digest, newBICLocationReference(d.ref))
+		return true, types.BlobInfo{Digest: info.Digest, Size: size}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Then try reusing blobs from other locations.
+	for _, candidate := range cache.CandidateLocations(d.ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(d.ref), info.Digest, canSubstitute) {
+		candidateRepo, err := parseBICLocationReference(candidate.Location)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("Error parsing BlobInfoCache location reference: %s", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("Trying to reuse cached location %s in %s", candidate.Digest.String(), candidateRepo.Name())
+
+		// Sanity checks:
+		if reference.Domain(candidateRepo) != reference.Domain(d.ref.ref) {
+			logrus.Debugf("... Internal error: domain %s does not match destination %s", reference.Domain(candidateRepo), reference.Domain(d.ref.ref))
+			continue
+		}
+		if candidateRepo.Name() == d.ref.ref.Name() && candidate.Digest == info.Digest {
+			logrus.Debug("... Already tried the primary destination")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Whatever happens here, don't abort the entire operation.  It's likely we just don't have permissions, and if it is a critical network error, we will find out soon enough anyway.
+
+		// Checking candidateRepo, and mounting from it, requires an
+		// expanded token scope.
+		extraScope := &authScope{
+			remoteName: reference.Path(candidateRepo),
+			actions:    "pull",
+		}
+		// This existence check is not, strictly speaking, necessary: We only _really_ need it to get the blob size, and we could record that in the cache instead.
+		// But a "failed" d.mountBlob currently leaves around an unterminated server-side upload, which we would try to cancel.
+		// So, without this existence check, it would be 1 request on success, 2 requests on failure; with it, it is 2 requests on success, 1 request on failure.
+		// On success we avoid the actual costly upload; so, in a sense, the success case is "free", but failures are always costly.
+		// Even worse, docker/distribution does not actually reasonably implement canceling uploads
+		// (it would require a "delete" action in the token, and Quay does not give that to anyone, so we can't ask);
+		// so, be a nice client and don't create unnecesary upload sessions on the server.
+		exists, size, err := d.blobExists(ctx, candidateRepo, candidate.Digest, extraScope)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("... Failed: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !exists {
+			// FIXME? Should we drop the blob from cache here (and elsewhere?)?
+			continue // logrus.Debug() already happened in blobExists
+		}
+		if candidateRepo.Name() != d.ref.ref.Name() {
+			if err := d.mountBlob(ctx, candidateRepo, candidate.Digest, extraScope); err != nil {
+				logrus.Debugf("... Mount failed: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		cache.RecordKnownLocation(d.ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(d.ref), candidate.Digest, newBICLocationReference(d.ref))
+		return true, types.BlobInfo{Digest: candidate.Digest, Size: size}, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, types.BlobInfo{}, nil
 }
 
 // PutManifest writes manifest to the destination.
 // FIXME? This should also receive a MIME type if known, to differentiate between schema versions.
 // If the destination is in principle available, refuses this manifest type (e.g. it does not recognize the schema),
 // but may accept a different manifest type, the returned error must be an ManifestTypeRejectedError.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutManifest(m []byte) error {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutManifest(ctx context.Context, m []byte) error {
 	digest, err := manifest.Digest(m)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -231,13 +364,13 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutManifest(m []byte) error {
 	if mimeType != "" {
 		headers["Content-Type"] = []string{mimeType}
 	}
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "PUT", path, headers, bytes.NewReader(m))
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", path, headers, bytes.NewReader(m), v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer res.Body.Close()
-	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
-		err = errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error uploading manifest to %s", path)
+	if !successStatus(res.StatusCode) {
+		err = errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error uploading manifest %s to %s", refTail, d.ref.ref.Name())
 		if isManifestInvalidError(errors.Cause(err)) {
 			err = types.ManifestTypeRejectedError{Err: err}
 		}
@@ -246,35 +379,56 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutManifest(m []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// successStatus returns true if the argument is a successful HTTP response
+// code (in the range 200 - 399 inclusive).
+func successStatus(status int) bool {
+	return status >= 200 && status <= 399
+}
+
 // isManifestInvalidError returns true iff err from client.HandleErrorReponse is a “manifest invalid” error.
 func isManifestInvalidError(err error) bool {
 	errors, ok := err.(errcode.Errors)
 	if !ok || len(errors) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
-	ec, ok := errors[0].(errcode.ErrorCoder)
+	err = errors[0]
+	ec, ok := err.(errcode.ErrorCoder)
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
+
+	switch ec.ErrorCode() {
 	// ErrorCodeManifestInvalid is returned by OpenShift with acceptschema2=false.
+	case v2.ErrorCodeManifestInvalid:
+		return true
 	// ErrorCodeTagInvalid is returned by docker/distribution (at least as of commit ec87e9b6971d831f0eff752ddb54fb64693e51cd)
 	// when uploading to a tag (because it can’t find a matching tag inside the manifest)
-	return ec.ErrorCode() == v2.ErrorCodeManifestInvalid || ec.ErrorCode() == v2.ErrorCodeTagInvalid
+	case v2.ErrorCodeTagInvalid:
+		return true
+	// ErrorCodeUnsupported with 'Invalid JSON syntax' is returned by AWS ECR when
+	// uploading an OCI manifest that is (correctly, according to the spec) missing
+	// a top-level media type. See libpod issue #1719
+	// FIXME: remove this case when ECR behavior is fixed
+	case errcode.ErrorCodeUnsupported:
+		return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Invalid JSON syntax")
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
 }
 
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutSignatures(signatures [][]byte) error {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutSignatures(ctx context.Context, signatures [][]byte) error {
 	// Do not fail if we don’t really need to support signatures.
 	if len(signatures) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if err := d.c.detectProperties(context.TODO()); err != nil {
+	if err := d.c.detectProperties(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	switch {
 	case d.c.signatureBase != nil:
 		return d.putSignaturesToLookaside(signatures)
 	case d.c.supportsSignatures:
-		return d.putSignaturesToAPIExtension(signatures)
+		return d.putSignaturesToAPIExtension(ctx, signatures)
 	default:
 		return errors.Errorf("X-Registry-Supports-Signatures extension not supported, and lookaside is not configured")
 	}
@@ -373,7 +527,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) deleteOneSignature(url *url.URL) (missing bool, err error
 }
 
 // putSignaturesToAPIExtension implements PutSignatures() using the X-Registry-Supports-Signatures API extension.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) putSignaturesToAPIExtension(signatures [][]byte) error {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) putSignaturesToAPIExtension(ctx context.Context, signatures [][]byte) error {
 	// Skip dealing with the manifest digest, or reading the old state, if not necessary.
 	if len(signatures) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -388,7 +542,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) putSignaturesToAPIExtension(signatures [][]byte
 	// always adds signatures.  Eventually we should also allow removing signatures,
 	// but the X-Registry-Supports-Signatures API extension does not support that yet.
 
-	existingSignatures, err := d.c.getExtensionsSignatures(context.TODO(), d.ref, d.manifestDigest)
+	existingSignatures, err := d.c.getExtensionsSignatures(ctx, d.ref, d.manifestDigest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -430,7 +584,7 @@ sigExists:
 		}
 
 		path := fmt.Sprintf(extensionsSignaturePath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref), d.manifestDigest.String())
-		res, err := d.c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "PUT", path, nil, bytes.NewReader(body))
+		res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", path, nil, bytes.NewReader(body), v2Auth, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -441,7 +595,7 @@ sigExists:
 				logrus.Debugf("Error body %s", string(body))
 			}
 			logrus.Debugf("Error uploading signature, status %d, %#v", res.StatusCode, res)
-			return errors.Errorf("Error uploading signature to %s, status %d", path, res.StatusCode)
+			return errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error uploading signature to %s in %s", path, d.c.registry)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -452,6 +606,6 @@ sigExists:
 // WARNING: This does not have any transactional semantics:
 // - Uploaded data MAY be visible to others before Commit() is called
 // - Uploaded data MAY be removed or MAY remain around if Close() is called without Commit() (i.e. rollback is allowed but not guaranteed)
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) Commit() error {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_src.go

@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
@@ -28,17 +29,94 @@ type dockerImageSource struct {
 	cachedManifestMIMEType string // Only valid if cachedManifest != nil
 }
 
-// newImageSource creates a new ImageSource for the specified image reference.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func newImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (*dockerImageSource, error) {
-	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(ctx, ref, false, "pull")
+// newImageSource creates a new `ImageSource` for the specified image reference
+// `ref`.
+//
+// The following steps will be done during the instance creation:
+//
+// - Lookup the registry within the configured location in
+//   `sys.SystemRegistriesConfPath`. If there is no configured registry available,
+//   we fallback to the provided docker reference `ref`.
+//
+// - References which contain a configured prefix will be automatically rewritten
+//   to the correct target reference. For example, if the configured
+//   `prefix = "example.com/foo"`, `location = "example.com"` and the image will be
+//   pulled from the ref `example.com/foo/image`, then the resulting pull will
+//   effectively point to `example.com/image`.
+//
+// - If the rewritten reference succeeds, it will be used as the `dockerRef`
+//   in the client. If the rewrite fails, the function immediately returns an error.
+//
+// - Each mirror will be used (in the configured order) to test the
+//   availability of the image manifest on the remote location. For example,
+//   if the manifest is not reachable due to connectivity issues, then the next
+//   mirror will be tested instead. If no mirror is configured or contains the
+//   target manifest, then the initial `ref` will be tested as fallback. The
+//   creation of the new `dockerImageSource` only succeeds if a remote
+//   location with the available manifest was found.
+//
+// A cleanup call to `.Close()` is needed if the caller is done using the returned
+// `ImageSource`.
+func newImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (*dockerImageSource, error) {
+	registry, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, ref.ref.Name())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries configuration")
 	}
-	return &dockerImageSource{
-		ref: ref,
-		c:   c,
-	}, nil
+
+	if registry == nil {
+		// No configuration was found for the provided reference, so we create
+		// a fallback registry by hand to make the client creation below work
+		// as intended.
+		registry = &sysregistriesv2.Registry{
+			Endpoint: sysregistriesv2.Endpoint{
+				Location: ref.ref.String(),
+			},
+			Prefix: ref.ref.String(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	primaryDomain := reference.Domain(ref.ref)
+	// Found the registry within the sysregistriesv2 configuration. Now we test
+	// all endpoints for the manifest availability. If a working image source
+	// was found, it will be used for all future pull actions.
+	manifestLoadErr := errors.New("Internal error: newImageSource returned without trying any endpoint")
+	for _, endpoint := range append(registry.Mirrors, registry.Endpoint) {
+		logrus.Debugf("Trying to pull %q from endpoint %q", ref.ref, endpoint.Location)
+
+		newRef, err := endpoint.RewriteReference(ref.ref, registry.Prefix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dockerRef, err := newReference(newRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		endpointSys := sys
+		// sys.DockerAuthConfig does not explicitly specify a registry; we must not blindly send the credentials intended for the primary endpoint to mirrors.
+		if endpointSys != nil && endpointSys.DockerAuthConfig != nil && reference.Domain(dockerRef.ref) != primaryDomain {
+			copy := *endpointSys
+			copy.DockerAuthConfig = nil
+			endpointSys = &copy
+		}
+
+		client, err := newDockerClientFromRef(endpointSys, dockerRef, false, "pull")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		client.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = endpoint.Insecure
+
+		testImageSource := &dockerImageSource{
+			ref: dockerRef,
+			c:   client,
+		}
+
+		manifestLoadErr = testImageSource.ensureManifestIsLoaded(ctx)
+		if manifestLoadErr == nil {
+			return testImageSource, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, manifestLoadErr
 }
 
 // Reference returns the reference used to set up this source, _as specified by the user_
@@ -52,6 +130,11 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// LayerInfosForCopy() returns updated layer info that should be used when reading, in preference to values in the manifest, if specified.
+func (s *dockerImageSource) LayerInfosForCopy(ctx context.Context) ([]types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 // simplifyContentType drops parameters from a HTTP media type (see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-3.1.1.1)
 // Alternatively, an empty string is returned unchanged, and invalid values are "simplified" to an empty string.
 func simplifyContentType(contentType string) string {
@@ -67,8 +150,13 @@ func simplifyContentType(contentType string) string {
 
 // GetManifest returns the image's manifest along with its MIME type (which may be empty when it can't be determined but the manifest is available).
 // It may use a remote (= slow) service.
-func (s *dockerImageSource) GetManifest() ([]byte, string, error) {
-	err := s.ensureManifestIsLoaded(context.TODO())
+// If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve (when the primary manifest is a manifest list);
+// this never happens if the primary manifest is not a manifest list (e.g. if the source never returns manifest lists).
+func (s *dockerImageSource) GetManifest(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
+	if instanceDigest != nil {
+		return s.fetchManifest(ctx, instanceDigest.String())
+	}
+	err := s.ensureManifestIsLoaded(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
@@ -79,13 +167,13 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) fetchManifest(ctx context.Context, tagOrDigest strin
 	path := fmt.Sprintf(manifestPath, reference.Path(s.ref.ref), tagOrDigest)
 	headers := make(map[string][]string)
 	headers["Accept"] = manifest.DefaultRequestedManifestMIMETypes
-	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, headers, nil)
+	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, headers, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, "", client.HandleErrorResponse(res)
+		return nil, "", errors.Wrapf(client.HandleErrorResponse(res), "Error reading manifest %s in %s", tagOrDigest, s.ref.ref.Name())
 	}
 	manblob, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -94,18 +182,12 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) fetchManifest(ctx context.Context, tagOrDigest strin
 	return manblob, simplifyContentType(res.Header.Get("Content-Type")), nil
 }
 
-// GetTargetManifest returns an image's manifest given a digest.
-// This is mainly used to retrieve a single image's manifest out of a manifest list.
-func (s *dockerImageSource) GetTargetManifest(digest digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
-	return s.fetchManifest(context.TODO(), digest.String())
-}
-
 // ensureManifestIsLoaded sets s.cachedManifest and s.cachedManifestMIMEType
 //
 // ImageSource implementations are not required or expected to do any caching,
 // but because our signatures are “attached” to the manifest digest,
-// we need to ensure that the digest of the manifest returned by GetManifest
-// and used by GetSignatures are consistent, otherwise we would get spurious
+// we need to ensure that the digest of the manifest returned by GetManifest(ctx, nil)
+// and used by GetSignatures(ctx, nil) are consistent, otherwise we would get spurious
 // signature verification failures when pulling while a tag is being updated.
 func (s *dockerImageSource) ensureManifestIsLoaded(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if s.cachedManifest != nil {
@@ -127,26 +209,26 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) ensureManifestIsLoaded(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *dockerImageSource) getExternalBlob(urls []string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+func (s *dockerImageSource) getExternalBlob(ctx context.Context, urls []string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 	var (
 		resp *http.Response
 		err  error
 	)
 	for _, url := range urls {
-		resp, err = s.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(context.TODO(), "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, false)
+		resp, err = s.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
 		if err == nil {
 			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-				err = errors.Errorf("error fetching external blob from %q: %d", url, resp.StatusCode)
+				err = errors.Errorf("error fetching external blob from %q: %d (%s)", url, resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
 				logrus.Debug(err)
 				continue
 			}
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	if resp.Body != nil && err == nil {
-		return resp.Body, getBlobSize(resp), nil
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	return nil, 0, err
+	return resp.Body, getBlobSize(resp), nil
 }
 
 func getBlobSize(resp *http.Response) int64 {
@@ -157,41 +239,57 @@ func getBlobSize(resp *http.Response) int64 {
 	return size
 }
 
+// HasThreadSafeGetBlob indicates whether GetBlob can be executed concurrently.
+func (s *dockerImageSource) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 // GetBlob returns a stream for the specified blob, and the blob’s size (or -1 if unknown).
-func (s *dockerImageSource) GetBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+// The Digest field in BlobInfo is guaranteed to be provided, Size may be -1 and MediaType may be optionally provided.
+// May update BlobInfoCache, preferably after it knows for certain that a blob truly exists at a specific location.
+func (s *dockerImageSource) GetBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 	if len(info.URLs) != 0 {
-		return s.getExternalBlob(info.URLs)
+		return s.getExternalBlob(ctx, info.URLs)
 	}
 
 	path := fmt.Sprintf(blobsPath, reference.Path(s.ref.ref), info.Digest.String())
 	logrus.Debugf("Downloading %s", path)
-	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "GET", path, nil, nil)
+	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		// print url also
-		return nil, 0, errors.Errorf("Invalid status code returned when fetching blob %d", res.StatusCode)
+		return nil, 0, errors.Errorf("Invalid status code returned when fetching blob %d (%s)", res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
 	}
+	cache.RecordKnownLocation(s.ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(s.ref), info.Digest, newBICLocationReference(s.ref))
 	return res.Body, getBlobSize(res), nil
 }
 
-func (s *dockerImageSource) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
+// GetSignatures returns the image's signatures.  It may use a remote (= slow) service.
+// If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve signatures for
+// (when the primary manifest is a manifest list); this never happens if the primary manifest is not a manifest list
+// (e.g. if the source never returns manifest lists).
+func (s *dockerImageSource) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([][]byte, error) {
 	if err := s.c.detectProperties(ctx); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	switch {
 	case s.c.signatureBase != nil:
-		return s.getSignaturesFromLookaside(ctx)
+		return s.getSignaturesFromLookaside(ctx, instanceDigest)
 	case s.c.supportsSignatures:
-		return s.getSignaturesFromAPIExtension(ctx)
+		return s.getSignaturesFromAPIExtension(ctx, instanceDigest)
 	default:
 		return [][]byte{}, nil
 	}
 }
 
-// manifestDigest returns a digest of the manifest, either from the supplied reference or from a fetched manifest.
-func (s *dockerImageSource) manifestDigest(ctx context.Context) (digest.Digest, error) {
+// manifestDigest returns a digest of the manifest, from instanceDigest if non-nil; or from the supplied reference,
+// or finally, from a fetched manifest.
+func (s *dockerImageSource) manifestDigest(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) (digest.Digest, error) {
+	if instanceDigest != nil {
+		return *instanceDigest, nil
+	}
 	if digested, ok := s.ref.ref.(reference.Digested); ok {
 		d := digested.Digest()
 		if d.Algorithm() == digest.Canonical {
@@ -206,8 +304,8 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) manifestDigest(ctx context.Context) (digest.Digest,
 
 // getSignaturesFromLookaside implements GetSignatures() from the lookaside location configured in s.c.signatureBase,
 // which is not nil.
-func (s *dockerImageSource) getSignaturesFromLookaside(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
-	manifestDigest, err := s.manifestDigest(ctx)
+func (s *dockerImageSource) getSignaturesFromLookaside(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([][]byte, error) {
+	manifestDigest, err := s.manifestDigest(ctx, instanceDigest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -262,7 +360,7 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getOneSignature(ctx context.Context, url *url.URL) (
 		if res.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
 			return nil, true, nil
 		} else if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			return nil, false, errors.Errorf("Error reading signature from %s: status %d", url.String(), res.StatusCode)
+			return nil, false, errors.Errorf("Error reading signature from %s: status %d (%s)", url.String(), res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
 		}
 		sig, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -276,8 +374,8 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getOneSignature(ctx context.Context, url *url.URL) (
 }
 
 // getSignaturesFromAPIExtension implements GetSignatures() using the X-Registry-Supports-Signatures API extension.
-func (s *dockerImageSource) getSignaturesFromAPIExtension(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
-	manifestDigest, err := s.manifestDigest(ctx)
+func (s *dockerImageSource) getSignaturesFromAPIExtension(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([][]byte, error) {
+	manifestDigest, err := s.manifestDigest(ctx, instanceDigest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -297,8 +395,15 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getSignaturesFromAPIExtension(ctx context.Context) (
 }
 
 // deleteImage deletes the named image from the registry, if supported.
-func deleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) error {
-	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(ctx, ref, true, "push")
+func deleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) error {
+	// docker/distribution does not document what action should be used for deleting images.
+	//
+	// Current docker/distribution requires "pull" for reading the manifest and "delete" for deleting it.
+	// quay.io requires "push" (an explicit "pull" is unnecessary), does not grant any token (fails parsing the request) if "delete" is included.
+	// OpenShift ignores the action string (both the password and the token is an OpenShift API token identifying a user).
+	//
+	// We have to hard-code a single string, luckily both docker/distribution and quay.io support "*" to mean "everything".
+	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(sys, ref, true, "*")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -313,7 +418,7 @@ func deleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	getPath := fmt.Sprintf(manifestPath, reference.Path(ref.ref), refTail)
-	get, err := c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "GET", getPath, headers, nil)
+	get, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", getPath, headers, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -335,7 +440,7 @@ func deleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) error {
 
 	// When retrieving the digest from a registry >= 2.3 use the following header:
 	//   "Accept": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
-	delete, err := c.makeRequest(context.TODO(), "DELETE", deletePath, headers, nil)
+	delete, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "DELETE", deletePath, headers, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_transport.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package docker
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -60,8 +61,13 @@ func ParseReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 
 // NewReference returns a Docker reference for a named reference. The reference must satisfy !reference.IsNameOnly().
 func NewReference(ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	return newReference(ref)
+}
+
+// newReference returns a dockerReference for a named reference.
+func newReference(ref reference.Named) (dockerReference, error) {
 	if reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Docker reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
+		return dockerReference{}, errors.Errorf("Docker reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
 	}
 	// A github.com/distribution/reference value can have a tag and a digest at the same time!
 	// The docker/distribution API does not really support that (we can’t ask for an image with a specific
@@ -71,8 +77,9 @@ func NewReference(ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	_, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
 	_, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical)
 	if isTagged && isDigested {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Docker references with both a tag and digest are currently not supported")
+		return dockerReference{}, errors.Errorf("Docker references with both a tag and digest are currently not supported")
 	}
+
 	return dockerReference{
 		ref: ref,
 	}, nil
@@ -122,29 +129,30 @@ func (ref dockerReference) PolicyConfigurationNamespaces() []string {
 	return policyconfiguration.DockerReferenceNamespaces(ref.ref)
 }
 
-// NewImage returns a types.Image for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
+// NewImage returns a types.ImageCloser for this reference, possibly specialized for this ImageTransport.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
 // NOTE: If any kind of signature verification should happen, build an UnparsedImage from the value returned by NewImageSource,
 // verify that UnparsedImage, and convert it into a real Image via image.FromUnparsedImage.
-func (ref dockerReference) NewImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.Image, error) {
-	return newImage(ctx, ref)
+// WARNING: This may not do the right thing for a manifest list, see image.FromSource for details.
+func (ref dockerReference) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
+	return newImage(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // NewImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func (ref dockerReference) NewImageSource(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
-	return newImageSource(ctx, ref)
+func (ref dockerReference) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+	return newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // NewImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageDestination.
-func (ref dockerReference) NewImageDestination(ctx *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
-	return newImageDestination(ctx, ref)
+func (ref dockerReference) NewImageDestination(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageDestination, error) {
+	return newImageDestination(sys, ref)
 }
 
 // DeleteImage deletes the named image from the registry, if supported.
-func (ref dockerReference) DeleteImage(ctx *types.SystemContext) error {
-	return deleteImage(ctx, ref)
+func (ref dockerReference) DeleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) error {
+	return deleteImage(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // tagOrDigest returns a tag or digest from the reference.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/lookaside.go

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ type registryNamespace struct {
 type signatureStorageBase *url.URL // The only documented value is nil, meaning storage is not supported.
 
 // configuredSignatureStorageBase reads configuration to find an appropriate signature storage URL for ref, for write access if “write”.
-func configuredSignatureStorageBase(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference, write bool) (signatureStorageBase, error) {
+func configuredSignatureStorageBase(sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference, write bool) (signatureStorageBase, error) {
 	// FIXME? Loading and parsing the config could be cached across calls.
-	dirPath := registriesDirPath(ctx)
+	dirPath := registriesDirPath(sys)
 	logrus.Debugf(`Using registries.d directory %s for sigstore configuration`, dirPath)
 	config, err := loadAndMergeConfig(dirPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ func configuredSignatureStorageBase(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReferenc
 }
 
 // registriesDirPath returns a path to registries.d
-func registriesDirPath(ctx *types.SystemContext) string {
-	if ctx != nil {
-		if ctx.RegistriesDirPath != "" {
-			return ctx.RegistriesDirPath
+func registriesDirPath(sys *types.SystemContext) string {
+	if sys != nil {
+		if sys.RegistriesDirPath != "" {
+			return sys.RegistriesDirPath
 		}
-		if ctx.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths != "" {
-			return filepath.Join(ctx.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths, systemRegistriesDirPath)
+		if sys.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths != "" {
+			return filepath.Join(sys.RootForImplicitAbsolutePaths, systemRegistriesDirPath)
 		}
 	}
 	return systemRegistriesDirPath

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/tarfile/dest.go

@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@ package tarfile
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/internal/tmpdir"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
@@ -18,42 +21,33 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-const temporaryDirectoryForBigFiles = "/var/tmp" // Do not use the system default of os.TempDir(), usually /tmp, because with systemd it could be a tmpfs.
-
 // Destination is a partial implementation of types.ImageDestination for writing to an io.Writer.
 type Destination struct {
-	writer  io.Writer
-	tar     *tar.Writer
-	repoTag string
+	writer   io.Writer
+	tar      *tar.Writer
+	repoTags []reference.NamedTagged
 	// Other state.
-	blobs map[digest.Digest]types.BlobInfo // list of already-sent blobs
+	blobs  map[digest.Digest]types.BlobInfo // list of already-sent blobs
+	config []byte
 }
 
 // NewDestination returns a tarfile.Destination for the specified io.Writer.
 func NewDestination(dest io.Writer, ref reference.NamedTagged) *Destination {
-	// For github.com/docker/docker consumers, this works just as well as
-	//   refString := ref.String()
-	// because when reading the RepoTags strings, github.com/docker/docker/reference
-	// normalizes both of them to the same value.
-	//
-	// Doing it this way to include the normalized-out `docker.io[/library]` does make
-	// a difference for github.com/projectatomic/docker consumers, with the
-	// “Add --add-registry and --block-registry options to docker daemon” patch.
-	// These consumers treat reference strings which include a hostname and reference
-	// strings without a hostname differently.
-	//
-	// Using the host name here is more explicit about the intent, and it has the same
-	// effect as (docker pull) in projectatomic/docker, which tags the result using
-	// a hostname-qualified reference.
-	// See https://github.com/containers/image/issues/72 for a more detailed
-	// analysis and explanation.
-	refString := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", ref.Name(), ref.Tag())
-	return &Destination{
-		writer:  dest,
-		tar:     tar.NewWriter(dest),
-		repoTag: refString,
-		blobs:   make(map[digest.Digest]types.BlobInfo),
+	repoTags := []reference.NamedTagged{}
+	if ref != nil {
+		repoTags = append(repoTags, ref)
 	}
+	return &Destination{
+		writer:   dest,
+		tar:      tar.NewWriter(dest),
+		repoTags: repoTags,
+		blobs:    make(map[digest.Digest]types.BlobInfo),
+	}
+}
+
+// AddRepoTags adds the specified tags to the destination's repoTags.
+func (d *Destination) AddRepoTags(tags []reference.NamedTagged) {
+	d.repoTags = append(d.repoTags, tags...)
 }
 
 // SupportedManifestMIMETypes tells which manifest mime types the destination supports
@@ -66,15 +60,10 @@ func (d *Destination) SupportedManifestMIMETypes() []string {
 
 // SupportsSignatures returns an error (to be displayed to the user) if the destination certainly can't store signatures.
 // Note: It is still possible for PutSignatures to fail if SupportsSignatures returns nil.
-func (d *Destination) SupportsSignatures() error {
+func (d *Destination) SupportsSignatures(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("Storing signatures for docker tar files is not supported")
 }
 
-// ShouldCompressLayers returns true iff it is desirable to compress layer blobs written to this destination.
-func (d *Destination) ShouldCompressLayers() bool {
-	return false
-}
-
 // AcceptsForeignLayerURLs returns false iff foreign layers in manifest should be actually
 // uploaded to the image destination, true otherwise.
 func (d *Destination) AcceptsForeignLayerURLs() bool {
@@ -86,35 +75,41 @@ func (d *Destination) MustMatchRuntimeOS() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference returns true iff the destination does not care about Image.EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(),
+// and would prefer to receive an unmodified manifest instead of one modified for the destination.
+// Does not make a difference if Reference().DockerReference() is nil.
+func (d *Destination) IgnoresEmbeddedDockerReference() bool {
+	return false // N/A, we only accept schema2 images where EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts() is always false.
+}
+
+// HasThreadSafePutBlob indicates whether PutBlob can be executed concurrently.
+func (d *Destination) HasThreadSafePutBlob() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
 // PutBlob writes contents of stream and returns data representing the result (with all data filled in).
 // inputInfo.Digest can be optionally provided if known; it is not mandatory for the implementation to verify it.
 // inputInfo.Size is the expected length of stream, if known.
+// May update cache.
 // WARNING: The contents of stream are being verified on the fly.  Until stream.Read() returns io.EOF, the contents of the data SHOULD NOT be available
 // to any other readers for download using the supplied digest.
 // If stream.Read() at any time, ESPECIALLY at end of input, returns an error, PutBlob MUST 1) fail, and 2) delete any data stored so far.
-func (d *Destination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
-	if inputInfo.Digest.String() == "" {
-		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf("Can not stream a blob with unknown digest to docker tarfile")
-	}
-
-	ok, size, err := d.HasBlob(inputInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
-	}
-	if ok {
-		return types.BlobInfo{Digest: inputInfo.Digest, Size: size}, nil
-	}
-
-	if inputInfo.Size == -1 { // Ouch, we need to stream the blob into a temporary file just to determine the size.
+func (d *Destination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache, isConfig bool) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	// Ouch, we need to stream the blob into a temporary file just to determine the size.
+	// When the layer is decompressed, we also have to generate the digest on uncompressed datas.
+	if inputInfo.Size == -1 || inputInfo.Digest.String() == "" {
 		logrus.Debugf("docker tarfile: input with unknown size, streaming to disk first ...")
-		streamCopy, err := ioutil.TempFile(temporaryDirectoryForBigFiles, "docker-tarfile-blob")
+		streamCopy, err := ioutil.TempFile(tmpdir.TemporaryDirectoryForBigFiles(), "docker-tarfile-blob")
 		if err != nil {
 			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 		}
 		defer os.Remove(streamCopy.Name())
 		defer streamCopy.Close()
 
-		size, err := io.Copy(streamCopy, stream)
+		digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
+		tee := io.TeeReader(stream, digester.Hash())
+		// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using ctx.Done().
+		size, err := io.Copy(streamCopy, tee)
 		if err != nil {
 			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 		}
@@ -123,52 +118,90 @@ func (d *Destination) PutBlob(stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo) (types
 			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 		}
 		inputInfo.Size = size // inputInfo is a struct, so we are only modifying our copy.
+		if inputInfo.Digest == "" {
+			inputInfo.Digest = digester.Digest()
+		}
 		stream = streamCopy
 		logrus.Debugf("... streaming done")
 	}
 
-	digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
-	tee := io.TeeReader(stream, digester.Hash())
-	if err := d.sendFile(inputInfo.Digest.String(), inputInfo.Size, tee); err != nil {
+	// Maybe the blob has been already sent
+	ok, reusedInfo, err := d.TryReusingBlob(ctx, inputInfo, cache, false)
+	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
-	d.blobs[inputInfo.Digest] = types.BlobInfo{Digest: digester.Digest(), Size: inputInfo.Size}
-	return types.BlobInfo{Digest: digester.Digest(), Size: inputInfo.Size}, nil
+	if ok {
+		return reusedInfo, nil
+	}
+
+	if isConfig {
+		buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(stream)
+		if err != nil {
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrap(err, "Error reading Config file stream")
+		}
+		d.config = buf
+		if err := d.sendFile(inputInfo.Digest.Hex()+".json", inputInfo.Size, bytes.NewReader(buf)); err != nil {
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing Config file")
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Note that this can't be e.g. filepath.Join(l.Digest.Hex(), legacyLayerFileName); due to the way
+		// writeLegacyLayerMetadata constructs layer IDs differently from inputinfo.Digest values (as described
+		// inside it), most of the layers would end up in subdirectories alone without any metadata; (docker load)
+		// tries to load every subdirectory as an image and fails if the config is missing.  So, keep the layers
+		// in the root of the tarball.
+		if err := d.sendFile(inputInfo.Digest.Hex()+".tar", inputInfo.Size, stream); err != nil {
+			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
+		}
+	}
+	d.blobs[inputInfo.Digest] = types.BlobInfo{Digest: inputInfo.Digest, Size: inputInfo.Size}
+	return types.BlobInfo{Digest: inputInfo.Digest, Size: inputInfo.Size}, nil
 }
 
-// HasBlob returns true iff the image destination already contains a blob with
-// the matching digest which can be reapplied using ReapplyBlob.  Unlike
-// PutBlob, the digest can not be empty.  If HasBlob returns true, the size of
-// the blob must also be returned.  If the destination does not contain the
-// blob, or it is unknown, HasBlob ordinarily returns (false, -1, nil); it
-// returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
-func (d *Destination) HasBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (bool, int64, error) {
+// TryReusingBlob checks whether the transport already contains, or can efficiently reuse, a blob, and if so, applies it to the current destination
+// (e.g. if the blob is a filesystem layer, this signifies that the changes it describes need to be applied again when composing a filesystem tree).
+// info.Digest must not be empty.
+// If canSubstitute, TryReusingBlob can use an equivalent equivalent of the desired blob; in that case the returned info may not match the input.
+// If the blob has been succesfully reused, returns (true, info, nil); info must contain at least a digest and size.
+// If the transport can not reuse the requested blob, TryReusingBlob returns (false, {}, nil); it returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
+// May use and/or update cache.
+func (d *Destination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache, canSubstitute bool) (bool, types.BlobInfo, error) {
 	if info.Digest == "" {
-		return false, -1, errors.Errorf("Can not check for a blob with unknown digest")
+		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Errorf("Can not check for a blob with unknown digest")
 	}
 	if blob, ok := d.blobs[info.Digest]; ok {
-		return true, blob.Size, nil
+		return true, types.BlobInfo{Digest: info.Digest, Size: blob.Size}, nil
 	}
-	return false, -1, nil
+	return false, types.BlobInfo{}, nil
 }
 
-// ReapplyBlob informs the image destination that a blob for which HasBlob
-// previously returned true would have been passed to PutBlob if it had
-// returned false.  Like HasBlob and unlike PutBlob, the digest can not be
-// empty.  If the blob is a filesystem layer, this signifies that the changes
-// it describes need to be applied again when composing a filesystem tree.
-func (d *Destination) ReapplyBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
-	return info, nil
+func (d *Destination) createRepositoriesFile(rootLayerID string) error {
+	repositories := map[string]map[string]string{}
+	for _, repoTag := range d.repoTags {
+		if val, ok := repositories[repoTag.Name()]; ok {
+			val[repoTag.Tag()] = rootLayerID
+		} else {
+			repositories[repoTag.Name()] = map[string]string{repoTag.Tag(): rootLayerID}
+		}
+	}
+
+	b, err := json.Marshal(repositories)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "Error marshaling repositories")
+	}
+	if err := d.sendBytes(legacyRepositoriesFileName, b); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing config json file")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // PutManifest writes manifest to the destination.
 // FIXME? This should also receive a MIME type if known, to differentiate between schema versions.
 // If the destination is in principle available, refuses this manifest type (e.g. it does not recognize the schema),
 // but may accept a different manifest type, the returned error must be an ManifestTypeRejectedError.
-func (d *Destination) PutManifest(m []byte) error {
+func (d *Destination) PutManifest(ctx context.Context, m []byte) error {
 	// We do not bother with types.ManifestTypeRejectedError; our .SupportedManifestMIMETypes() above is already providing only one alternative,
 	// so the caller trying a different manifest kind would be pointless.
-	var man schema2Manifest
+	var man manifest.Schema2
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(m, &man); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "Error parsing manifest")
 	}
@@ -176,14 +209,42 @@ func (d *Destination) PutManifest(m []byte) error {
 		return errors.Errorf("Unsupported manifest type, need a Docker schema 2 manifest")
 	}
 
-	layerPaths := []string{}
-	for _, l := range man.Layers {
-		layerPaths = append(layerPaths, l.Digest.String())
+	layerPaths, lastLayerID, err := d.writeLegacyLayerMetadata(man.LayersDescriptors)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(man.LayersDescriptors) > 0 {
+		if err := d.createRepositoriesFile(lastLayerID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	repoTags := []string{}
+	for _, tag := range d.repoTags {
+		// For github.com/docker/docker consumers, this works just as well as
+		//   refString := ref.String()
+		// because when reading the RepoTags strings, github.com/docker/docker/reference
+		// normalizes both of them to the same value.
+		//
+		// Doing it this way to include the normalized-out `docker.io[/library]` does make
+		// a difference for github.com/projectatomic/docker consumers, with the
+		// “Add --add-registry and --block-registry options to docker daemon” patch.
+		// These consumers treat reference strings which include a hostname and reference
+		// strings without a hostname differently.
+		//
+		// Using the host name here is more explicit about the intent, and it has the same
+		// effect as (docker pull) in projectatomic/docker, which tags the result using
+		// a hostname-qualified reference.
+		// See https://github.com/containers/image/issues/72 for a more detailed
+		// analysis and explanation.
+		refString := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", tag.Name(), tag.Tag())
+		repoTags = append(repoTags, refString)
 	}
 
 	items := []ManifestItem{{
-		Config:       man.Config.Digest.String(),
-		RepoTags:     []string{d.repoTag},
+		Config:       man.ConfigDescriptor.Digest.Hex() + ".json",
+		RepoTags:     repoTags,
 		Layers:       layerPaths,
 		Parent:       "",
 		LayerSources: nil,
@@ -194,12 +255,81 @@ func (d *Destination) PutManifest(m []byte) error {
 	}
 
 	// FIXME? Do we also need to support the legacy format?
-	return d.sendFile(manifestFileName, int64(len(itemsBytes)), bytes.NewReader(itemsBytes))
+	return d.sendBytes(manifestFileName, itemsBytes)
+}
+
+// writeLegacyLayerMetadata writes legacy VERSION and configuration files for all layers
+func (d *Destination) writeLegacyLayerMetadata(layerDescriptors []manifest.Schema2Descriptor) (layerPaths []string, lastLayerID string, err error) {
+	var chainID digest.Digest
+	lastLayerID = ""
+	for i, l := range layerDescriptors {
+		// This chainID value matches the computation in docker/docker/layer.CreateChainID …
+		if chainID == "" {
+			chainID = l.Digest
+		} else {
+			chainID = digest.Canonical.FromString(chainID.String() + " " + l.Digest.String())
+		}
+		// … but note that this image ID does not match docker/docker/image/v1.CreateID. At least recent
+		// versions allocate new IDs on load, as long as the IDs we use are unique / cannot loop.
+		//
+		// Overall, the goal of computing a digest dependent on the full history is to avoid reusing an image ID
+		// (and possibly creating a loop in the "parent" links) if a layer with the same DiffID appears two or more
+		// times in layersDescriptors.  The ChainID values are sufficient for this, the v1.CreateID computation
+		// which also mixes in the full image configuration seems unnecessary, at least as long as we are storing
+		// only a single image per tarball, i.e. all DiffID prefixes are unique (can’t differ only with
+		// configuration).
+		layerID := chainID.Hex()
+
+		physicalLayerPath := l.Digest.Hex() + ".tar"
+		// The layer itself has been stored into physicalLayerPath in PutManifest.
+		// So, use that path for layerPaths used in the non-legacy manifest
+		layerPaths = append(layerPaths, physicalLayerPath)
+		// ... and create a symlink for the legacy format;
+		if err := d.sendSymlink(filepath.Join(layerID, legacyLayerFileName), filepath.Join("..", physicalLayerPath)); err != nil {
+			return nil, "", errors.Wrap(err, "Error creating layer symbolic link")
+		}
+
+		b := []byte("1.0")
+		if err := d.sendBytes(filepath.Join(layerID, legacyVersionFileName), b); err != nil {
+			return nil, "", errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing VERSION file")
+		}
+
+		// The legacy format requires a config file per layer
+		layerConfig := make(map[string]interface{})
+		layerConfig["id"] = layerID
+
+		// The root layer doesn't have any parent
+		if lastLayerID != "" {
+			layerConfig["parent"] = lastLayerID
+		}
+		// The root layer configuration file is generated by using subpart of the image configuration
+		if i == len(layerDescriptors)-1 {
+			var config map[string]*json.RawMessage
+			err := json.Unmarshal(d.config, &config)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, "", errors.Wrap(err, "Error unmarshaling config")
+			}
+			for _, attr := range [7]string{"architecture", "config", "container", "container_config", "created", "docker_version", "os"} {
+				layerConfig[attr] = config[attr]
+			}
+		}
+		b, err := json.Marshal(layerConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", errors.Wrap(err, "Error marshaling layer config")
+		}
+		if err := d.sendBytes(filepath.Join(layerID, legacyConfigFileName), b); err != nil {
+			return nil, "", errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing config json file")
+		}
+
+		lastLayerID = layerID
+	}
+	return layerPaths, lastLayerID, nil
 }
 
 type tarFI struct {
-	path string
-	size int64
+	path      string
+	size      int64
+	isSymlink bool
 }
 
 func (t *tarFI) Name() string {
@@ -209,6 +339,9 @@ func (t *tarFI) Size() int64 {
 	return t.size
 }
 func (t *tarFI) Mode() os.FileMode {
+	if t.isSymlink {
+		return os.ModeSymlink
+	}
 	return 0444
 }
 func (t *tarFI) ModTime() time.Time {
@@ -221,6 +354,21 @@ func (t *tarFI) Sys() interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// sendSymlink sends a symlink into the tar stream.
+func (d *Destination) sendSymlink(path string, target string) error {
+	hdr, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(&tarFI{path: path, size: 0, isSymlink: true}, target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	logrus.Debugf("Sending as tar link %s -> %s", path, target)
+	return d.tar.WriteHeader(hdr)
+}
+
+// sendBytes sends a path into the tar stream.
+func (d *Destination) sendBytes(path string, b []byte) error {
+	return d.sendFile(path, int64(len(b)), bytes.NewReader(b))
+}
+
 // sendFile sends a file into the tar stream.
 func (d *Destination) sendFile(path string, expectedSize int64, stream io.Reader) error {
 	hdr, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(&tarFI{path: path, size: expectedSize}, "")
@@ -231,6 +379,7 @@ func (d *Destination) sendFile(path string, expectedSize int64, stream io.Reader
 	if err := d.tar.WriteHeader(hdr); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using a context.Context.
 	size, err := io.Copy(d.tar, stream)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -244,7 +393,7 @@ func (d *Destination) sendFile(path string, expectedSize int64, stream io.Reader
 // PutSignatures adds the given signatures to the docker tarfile (currently not
 // supported). MUST be called after PutManifest (signatures reference manifest
 // contents)
-func (d *Destination) PutSignatures(signatures [][]byte) error {
+func (d *Destination) PutSignatures(ctx context.Context, signatures [][]byte) error {
 	if len(signatures) != 0 {
 		return errors.Errorf("Storing signatures for docker tar files is not supported")
 	}
@@ -253,6 +402,6 @@ func (d *Destination) PutSignatures(signatures [][]byte) error {
 
 // Commit finishes writing data to the underlying io.Writer.
 // It is the caller's responsibility to close it, if necessary.
-func (d *Destination) Commit() error {
+func (d *Destination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return d.tar.Close()
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/tarfile/src.go

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/internal/tmpdir"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/compression"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
@@ -19,13 +21,16 @@ import (
 
 // Source is a partial implementation of types.ImageSource for reading from tarPath.
 type Source struct {
-	tarPath string
+	tarPath              string
+	removeTarPathOnClose bool      // Remove temp file on close if true
+	cacheDataLock        sync.Once // Atomic way to ensure that ensureCachedDataIsPresent is only invoked once
 	// The following data is only available after ensureCachedDataIsPresent() succeeds
+	cacheDataResult   error         // The return value of ensureCachedDataIsPresent, since it should be as safe to cache as the side effects
 	tarManifest       *ManifestItem // nil if not available yet.
 	configBytes       []byte
 	configDigest      digest.Digest
-	orderedDiffIDList []diffID
-	knownLayers       map[diffID]*layerInfo
+	orderedDiffIDList []digest.Digest
+	knownLayers       map[digest.Digest]*layerInfo
 	// Other state
 	generatedManifest []byte // Private cache for GetManifest(), nil if not set yet.
 }
@@ -35,14 +40,75 @@ type layerInfo struct {
 	size int64
 }
 
-// NewSource returns a tarfile.Source for the specified path.
-func NewSource(path string) *Source {
-	// TODO: We could add support for multiple images in a single archive, so
-	//       that people could use docker-archive:opensuse.tar:opensuse:leap as
-	//       the source of an image.
-	return &Source{
-		tarPath: path,
+// TODO: We could add support for multiple images in a single archive, so
+//       that people could use docker-archive:opensuse.tar:opensuse:leap as
+//       the source of an image.
+// 	To do for both the NewSourceFromFile and NewSourceFromStream functions
+
+// NewSourceFromFile returns a tarfile.Source for the specified path.
+func NewSourceFromFile(path string) (*Source, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening file %q", path)
 	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	// If the file is already not compressed we can just return the file itself
+	// as a source. Otherwise we pass the stream to NewSourceFromStream.
+	stream, isCompressed, err := compression.AutoDecompress(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error detecting compression for file %q", path)
+	}
+	defer stream.Close()
+	if !isCompressed {
+		return &Source{
+			tarPath: path,
+		}, nil
+	}
+	return NewSourceFromStream(stream)
+}
+
+// NewSourceFromStream returns a tarfile.Source for the specified inputStream,
+// which can be either compressed or uncompressed. The caller can close the
+// inputStream immediately after NewSourceFromFile returns.
+func NewSourceFromStream(inputStream io.Reader) (*Source, error) {
+	// FIXME: use SystemContext here.
+	// Save inputStream to a temporary file
+	tarCopyFile, err := ioutil.TempFile(tmpdir.TemporaryDirectoryForBigFiles(), "docker-tar")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error creating temporary file")
+	}
+	defer tarCopyFile.Close()
+
+	succeeded := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !succeeded {
+			os.Remove(tarCopyFile.Name())
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// In order to be compatible with docker-load, we need to support
+	// auto-decompression (it's also a nice quality-of-life thing to avoid
+	// giving users really confusing "invalid tar header" errors).
+	uncompressedStream, _, err := compression.AutoDecompress(inputStream)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error auto-decompressing input")
+	}
+	defer uncompressedStream.Close()
+
+	// Copy the plain archive to the temporary file.
+	//
+	// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable
+	//       using a context.Context.
+	if _, err := io.Copy(tarCopyFile, uncompressedStream); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error copying contents to temporary file %q", tarCopyFile.Name())
+	}
+	succeeded = true
+
+	return &Source{
+		tarPath:              tarCopyFile.Name(),
+		removeTarPathOnClose: true,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // tarReadCloser is a way to close the backing file of a tar.Reader when the user no longer needs the tar component.
@@ -136,43 +202,46 @@ func (s *Source) readTarComponent(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 
 // ensureCachedDataIsPresent loads data necessary for any of the public accessors.
 func (s *Source) ensureCachedDataIsPresent() error {
-	if s.tarManifest != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
+	s.cacheDataLock.Do(func() {
+		// Read and parse manifest.json
+		tarManifest, err := s.loadTarManifest()
+		if err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = err
+			return
+		}
 
-	// Read and parse manifest.json
-	tarManifest, err := s.loadTarManifest()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+		// Check to make sure length is 1
+		if len(tarManifest) != 1 {
+			s.cacheDataResult = errors.Errorf("Unexpected tar manifest.json: expected 1 item, got %d", len(tarManifest))
+			return
+		}
 
-	// Check to make sure length is 1
-	if len(tarManifest) != 1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("Unexpected tar manifest.json: expected 1 item, got %d", len(tarManifest))
-	}
+		// Read and parse config.
+		configBytes, err := s.readTarComponent(tarManifest[0].Config)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = err
+			return
+		}
+		var parsedConfig manifest.Schema2Image // There's a lot of info there, but we only really care about layer DiffIDs.
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(configBytes, &parsedConfig); err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = errors.Wrapf(err, "Error decoding tar config %s", tarManifest[0].Config)
+			return
+		}
 
-	// Read and parse config.
-	configBytes, err := s.readTarComponent(tarManifest[0].Config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	var parsedConfig image // Most fields ommitted, we only care about layer DiffIDs.
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(configBytes, &parsedConfig); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error decoding tar config %s", tarManifest[0].Config)
-	}
+		knownLayers, err := s.prepareLayerData(&tarManifest[0], &parsedConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = err
+			return
+		}
 
-	knownLayers, err := s.prepareLayerData(&tarManifest[0], &parsedConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Success; commit.
-	s.tarManifest = &tarManifest[0]
-	s.configBytes = configBytes
-	s.configDigest = digest.FromBytes(configBytes)
-	s.orderedDiffIDList = parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs
-	s.knownLayers = knownLayers
-	return nil
+		// Success; commit.
+		s.tarManifest = &tarManifest[0]
+		s.configBytes = configBytes
+		s.configDigest = digest.FromBytes(configBytes)
+		s.orderedDiffIDList = parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs
+		s.knownLayers = knownLayers
+	})
+	return s.cacheDataResult
 }
 
 // loadTarManifest loads and decodes the manifest.json.
@@ -189,17 +258,25 @@ func (s *Source) loadTarManifest() ([]ManifestItem, error) {
 	return items, nil
 }
 
+// Close removes resources associated with an initialized Source, if any.
+func (s *Source) Close() error {
+	if s.removeTarPathOnClose {
+		return os.Remove(s.tarPath)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // LoadTarManifest loads and decodes the manifest.json
 func (s *Source) LoadTarManifest() ([]ManifestItem, error) {
 	return s.loadTarManifest()
 }
 
-func (s *Source) prepareLayerData(tarManifest *ManifestItem, parsedConfig *image) (map[diffID]*layerInfo, error) {
+func (s *Source) prepareLayerData(tarManifest *ManifestItem, parsedConfig *manifest.Schema2Image) (map[digest.Digest]*layerInfo, error) {
 	// Collect layer data available in manifest and config.
 	if len(tarManifest.Layers) != len(parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs) {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Inconsistent layer count: %d in manifest, %d in config", len(tarManifest.Layers), len(parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs))
 	}
-	knownLayers := map[diffID]*layerInfo{}
+	knownLayers := map[digest.Digest]*layerInfo{}
 	unknownLayerSizes := map[string]*layerInfo{} // Points into knownLayers, a "to do list" of items with unknown sizes.
 	for i, diffID := range parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs {
 		if _, ok := knownLayers[diffID]; ok {
@@ -236,7 +313,25 @@ func (s *Source) prepareLayerData(tarManifest *ManifestItem, parsedConfig *image
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		if li, ok := unknownLayerSizes[h.Name]; ok {
-			li.size = h.Size
+			// Since GetBlob will decompress layers that are compressed we need
+			// to do the decompression here as well, otherwise we will
+			// incorrectly report the size. Pretty critical, since tools like
+			// umoci always compress layer blobs. Obviously we only bother with
+			// the slower method of checking if it's compressed.
+			uncompressedStream, isCompressed, err := compression.AutoDecompress(t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error auto-decompressing %s to determine its size", h.Name)
+			}
+			defer uncompressedStream.Close()
+
+			uncompressedSize := h.Size
+			if isCompressed {
+				uncompressedSize, err = io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, uncompressedStream)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading %s to find its size", h.Name)
+				}
+			}
+			li.size = uncompressedSize
 			delete(unknownLayerSizes, h.Name)
 		}
 	}
@@ -249,28 +344,34 @@ func (s *Source) prepareLayerData(tarManifest *ManifestItem, parsedConfig *image
 
 // GetManifest returns the image's manifest along with its MIME type (which may be empty when it can't be determined but the manifest is available).
 // It may use a remote (= slow) service.
-func (s *Source) GetManifest() ([]byte, string, error) {
+// If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve (when the primary manifest is a manifest list);
+// this never happens if the primary manifest is not a manifest list (e.g. if the source never returns manifest lists).
+func (s *Source) GetManifest(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
+	if instanceDigest != nil {
+		// How did we even get here? GetManifest(ctx, nil) has returned a manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType.
+		return nil, "", errors.Errorf(`Manifest lists are not supported by "docker-daemon:"`)
+	}
 	if s.generatedManifest == nil {
 		if err := s.ensureCachedDataIsPresent(); err != nil {
 			return nil, "", err
 		}
-		m := schema2Manifest{
+		m := manifest.Schema2{
 			SchemaVersion: 2,
 			MediaType:     manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType,
-			Config: distributionDescriptor{
+			ConfigDescriptor: manifest.Schema2Descriptor{
 				MediaType: manifest.DockerV2Schema2ConfigMediaType,
 				Size:      int64(len(s.configBytes)),
 				Digest:    s.configDigest,
 			},
-			Layers: []distributionDescriptor{},
+			LayersDescriptors: []manifest.Schema2Descriptor{},
 		}
 		for _, diffID := range s.orderedDiffIDList {
 			li, ok := s.knownLayers[diffID]
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, "", errors.Errorf("Internal inconsistency: Information about layer %s missing", diffID)
 			}
-			m.Layers = append(m.Layers, distributionDescriptor{
-				Digest:    digest.Digest(diffID), // diffID is a digest of the uncompressed tarball
+			m.LayersDescriptors = append(m.LayersDescriptors, manifest.Schema2Descriptor{
+				Digest:    diffID, // diffID is a digest of the uncompressed tarball
 				MediaType: manifest.DockerV2Schema2LayerMediaType,
 				Size:      li.size,
 			})
@@ -284,27 +385,33 @@ func (s *Source) GetManifest() ([]byte, string, error) {
 	return s.generatedManifest, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType, nil
 }
 
-// GetTargetManifest returns an image's manifest given a digest. This is mainly used to retrieve a single image's manifest
-// out of a manifest list.
-func (s *Source) GetTargetManifest(digest digest.Digest) ([]byte, string, error) {
-	// How did we even get here? GetManifest() above has returned a manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType.
-	return nil, "", errors.Errorf(`Manifest lists are not supported by "docker-daemon:"`)
-}
-
-type readCloseWrapper struct {
+// uncompressedReadCloser is an io.ReadCloser that closes both the uncompressed stream and the underlying input.
+type uncompressedReadCloser struct {
 	io.Reader
-	closeFunc func() error
+	underlyingCloser   func() error
+	uncompressedCloser func() error
 }
 
-func (r readCloseWrapper) Close() error {
-	if r.closeFunc != nil {
-		return r.closeFunc()
+func (r uncompressedReadCloser) Close() error {
+	var res error
+	if err := r.uncompressedCloser(); err != nil {
+		res = err
 	}
-	return nil
+	if err := r.underlyingCloser(); err != nil && res == nil {
+		res = err
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+// HasThreadSafeGetBlob indicates whether GetBlob can be executed concurrently.
+func (s *Source) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
+	return true
 }
 
 // GetBlob returns a stream for the specified blob, and the blob’s size (or -1 if unknown).
-func (s *Source) GetBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+// The Digest field in BlobInfo is guaranteed to be provided, Size may be -1 and MediaType may be optionally provided.
+// May update BlobInfoCache, preferably after it knows for certain that a blob truly exists at a specific location.
+func (s *Source) GetBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, cache types.BlobInfoCache) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 	if err := s.ensureCachedDataIsPresent(); err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -313,11 +420,17 @@ func (s *Source) GetBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 		return ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(s.configBytes)), int64(len(s.configBytes)), nil
 	}
 
-	if li, ok := s.knownLayers[diffID(info.Digest)]; ok { // diffID is a digest of the uncompressed tarball,
-		stream, err := s.openTarComponent(li.path)
+	if li, ok := s.knownLayers[info.Digest]; ok { // diffID is a digest of the uncompressed tarball,
+		underlyingStream, err := s.openTarComponent(li.path)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, err
 		}
+		closeUnderlyingStream := true
+		defer func() {
+			if closeUnderlyingStream {
+				underlyingStream.Close()
+			}
+		}()
 
 		// In order to handle the fact that digests != diffIDs (and thus that a
 		// caller which is trying to verify the blob will run into problems),
@@ -331,22 +444,17 @@ func (s *Source) GetBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 		// be verifing a "digest" which is not the actual layer's digest (but
 		// is instead the DiffID).
 
-		decompressFunc, reader, err := compression.DetectCompression(stream)
+		uncompressedStream, _, err := compression.AutoDecompress(underlyingStream)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, 0, errors.Wrapf(err, "Detecting compression in blob %s", info.Digest)
+			return nil, 0, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error auto-decompressing blob %s", info.Digest)
 		}
 
-		if decompressFunc != nil {
-			reader, err = decompressFunc(reader)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, 0, errors.Wrapf(err, "Decompressing blob %s stream", info.Digest)
-			}
-		}
-
-		newStream := readCloseWrapper{
-			Reader:    reader,
-			closeFunc: stream.Close,
+		newStream := uncompressedReadCloser{
+			Reader:             uncompressedStream,
+			underlyingCloser:   underlyingStream.Close,
+			uncompressedCloser: uncompressedStream.Close,
 		}
+		closeUnderlyingStream = false
 
 		return newStream, li.size, nil
 	}
@@ -355,6 +463,13 @@ func (s *Source) GetBlob(info types.BlobInfo) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
 }
 
 // GetSignatures returns the image's signatures.  It may use a remote (= slow) service.
-func (s *Source) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
+// If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve signatures for
+// (when the primary manifest is a manifest list); this never happens if the primary manifest is not a manifest list
+// (e.g. if the source never returns manifest lists).
+func (s *Source) GetSignatures(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) ([][]byte, error) {
+	if instanceDigest != nil {
+		// How did we even get here? GetManifest(ctx, nil) has returned a manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType.
+		return nil, errors.Errorf(`Manifest lists are not supported by "docker-daemon:"`)
+	}
 	return [][]byte{}, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/tarfile/types.go

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 package tarfile
 
-import "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+)
 
 // Various data structures.
 
 // Based on github.com/docker/docker/image/tarexport/tarexport.go
 const (
-	manifestFileName = "manifest.json"
-	// legacyLayerFileName        = "layer.tar"
-	// legacyConfigFileName       = "json"
-	// legacyVersionFileName      = "VERSION"
-	// legacyRepositoriesFileName = "repositories"
+	manifestFileName           = "manifest.json"
+	legacyLayerFileName        = "layer.tar"
+	legacyConfigFileName       = "json"
+	legacyVersionFileName      = "VERSION"
+	legacyRepositoriesFileName = "repositories"
 )
 
 // ManifestItem is an element of the array stored in the top-level manifest.json file.
@@ -18,37 +21,8 @@ type ManifestItem struct {
 	Config       string
 	RepoTags     []string
 	Layers       []string
-	Parent       imageID                           `json:",omitempty"`
-	LayerSources map[diffID]distributionDescriptor `json:",omitempty"`
+	Parent       imageID                                      `json:",omitempty"`
+	LayerSources map[digest.Digest]manifest.Schema2Descriptor `json:",omitempty"`
 }
 
 type imageID string
-type diffID digest.Digest
-
-// Based on github.com/docker/distribution/blobs.go
-type distributionDescriptor struct {
-	MediaType string        `json:"mediaType,omitempty"`
-	Size      int64         `json:"size,omitempty"`
-	Digest    digest.Digest `json:"digest,omitempty"`
-	URLs      []string      `json:"urls,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// Based on github.com/docker/distribution/manifest/schema2/manifest.go
-// FIXME: We are repeating this all over the place; make a public copy?
-type schema2Manifest struct {
-	SchemaVersion int                      `json:"schemaVersion"`
-	MediaType     string                   `json:"mediaType,omitempty"`
-	Config        distributionDescriptor   `json:"config"`
-	Layers        []distributionDescriptor `json:"layers"`
-}
-
-// Based on github.com/docker/docker/image/image.go
-// MOST CONTENT OMITTED AS UNNECESSARY
-type image struct {
-	RootFS *rootFS `json:"rootfs,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type rootFS struct {
-	Type    string   `json:"type"`
-	DiffIDs []diffID `json:"diff_ids,omitempty"`
-}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/atomic-signature-embedded-json.json

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+    "title": "JSON embedded in an atomic container signature",
+    "description": "This schema is a supplement to atomic-signature.md in this directory.\n\nConsumers of the JSON MUST use the processing rules documented in atomic-signature.md, especially the requirements for the 'critical' subjobject.\n\nWhenever this schema and atomic-signature.md, or the github.com/containers/image/signature implementation, differ,\nit is the atomic-signature.md document, or the github.com/containers/image/signature implementation, which governs.\n\nUsers are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to use the github.com/containeres/image/signature implementation instead of writing\ntheir own, ESPECIALLY when consuming signatures, so that the policy.json format can be shared by all image consumers.\n",
+    "type": "object",
+    "required": [
+        "critical",
+        "optional"
+    ],
+    "additionalProperties": false,
+    "properties": {
+        "critical": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "required": [
+                "type",
+                "image",
+                "identity"
+            ],
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "enum": [
+                        "atomic container signature"
+                    ]
+                },
+                "image": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": [
+                        "docker-manifest-digest"
+                    ],
+                    "additionalProperties": false,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "docker-manifest-digest": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "identity": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": [
+                        "docker-reference"
+                    ],
+                    "additionalProperties": false,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "docker-reference": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "optional": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "description": "All members are optional, but if they are included, they must be valid.",
+            "additionalProperties": true,
+            "properties": {
+                "creator": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                },
+                "timestamp": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-certs.d.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+% containers-certs.d(5)
+
+# NAME
+containers-certs.d - Directory for storing custom container-registry TLS configurations
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+A custom TLS configuration for a container registry can be configured by creating a directory under `/etc/containers/certs.d`.
+The name of the directory must correspond to the `host:port` of the registry (e.g., `my-registry.com:5000`).
+
+## Directory Structure
+A certs directory can contain one or more files with the following extensions:
+
+* `*.crt`  files with this extensions will be interpreted as CA certificates
+* `*.cert` files with this extensions will be interpreted as client certificates
+* `*.key`  files with this extensions will be interpreted as client keys
+
+Note that the client certificate-key pair will be selected by the file name (e.g., `client.{cert,key}`).
+An examplary setup for a registry running at `my-registry.com:5000` may look as follows:
+```
+/etc/containers/certs.d/    <- Certificate directory
+└── my-registry.com:5000    <- Hostname:port
+   ├── client.cert          <- Client certificate
+   ├── client.key           <- Client key
+   └── ca.crt               <- Certificate authority that signed the registry certificate
+```
+
+# HISTORY
+Feb 2019, Originally compiled by Valentin Rothberg <rothberg@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+% CONTAINERS-POLICY.JSON(5) policy.json Man Page
+% Miloslav Trmač
+% September 2016
+
+# NAME
+containers-policy.json - syntax for the signature verification policy file
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Signature verification policy files are used to specify policy, e.g. trusted keys,
+applicable when deciding whether to accept an image, or individual signatures of that image, as valid.
+
+The default policy is stored (unless overridden at compile-time) at `/etc/containers/policy.json`;
+applications performing verification may allow using a different policy instead.
+
+## FORMAT
+
+The signature verification policy file, usually called `policy.json`,
+uses a JSON format.  Unlike some other JSON files, its parsing is fairly strict:
+unrecognized, duplicated or otherwise invalid fields cause the entire file,
+and usually the entire operation, to be rejected.
+
+The purpose of the policy file is to define a set of *policy requirements* for a container image,
+usually depending on its location (where it is being pulled from) or otherwise defined identity.
+
+Policy requirements can be defined for:
+
+- An individual *scope* in a *transport*.
+  The *transport* values are the same as the transport prefixes when pushing/pulling images (e.g. `docker:`, `atomic:`),
+  and *scope* values are defined by each transport; see below for more details.
+
+  Usually, a scope can be defined to match a single image, and various prefixes of
+  such a most specific scope define namespaces of matching images.
+- A default policy for a single transport, expressed using an empty string as a scope
+- A global default policy.
+
+If multiple policy requirements match a given image, only the requirements from the most specific match apply,
+the more general policy requirements definitions are ignored.
+
+This is expressed in JSON using the top-level syntax
+```js
+{
+    "default": [/* policy requirements: global default */]
+    "transports": {
+        transport_name: {
+            "": [/* policy requirements: default for transport $transport_name */],
+            scope_1: [/* policy requirements: default for $scope_1 in $transport_name */],
+            scope_2: [/*…*/]
+            /*…*/
+        },
+        transport_name_2: {/*…*/}
+        /*…*/
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The global `default` set of policy requirements is mandatory; all of the other fields
+(`transports` itself, any specific transport, the transport-specific default, etc.) are optional.
+
+<!-- NOTE: Keep this in sync with transports/transports.go! -->
+## Supported transports and their scopes
+
+### `atomic:`
+
+The `atomic:` transport refers to images in an Atomic Registry.
+
+Supported scopes use the form _hostname_[`:`_port_][`/`_namespace_[`/`_imagestream_ [`:`_tag_]]],
+i.e. either specifying a complete name of a tagged image, or prefix denoting
+a host/namespace/image stream.
+
+*Note:* The _hostname_ and _port_ refer to the Docker registry host and port (the one used
+e.g. for `docker pull`), _not_ to the OpenShift API host and port.
+
+### `dir:`
+
+The `dir:` transport refers to images stored in local directories.
+
+Supported scopes are paths of directories (either containing a single image or
+subdirectories possibly containing images).
+
+*Note:* The paths must be absolute and contain no symlinks. Paths violating these requirements may be silently ignored.
+
+The top-level scope `"/"` is forbidden; use the transport default scope `""`,
+for consistency with other transports.
+
+### `docker:`
+
+The `docker:` transport refers to images in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2".
+
+Scopes matching individual images are named Docker references *in the fully expanded form*, either
+using a tag or digest. For example, `docker.io/library/busybox:latest` (*not* `busybox:latest`).
+
+More general scopes are prefixes of individual-image scopes, and specify a repository (by omitting the tag or digest),
+a repository namespace, or a registry host (by only specifying the host name).
+
+### `oci:`
+
+The `oci:` transport refers to images in directories compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification".
+
+Supported scopes use the form _directory_`:`_tag_, and _directory_ referring to
+a directory containing one or more tags, or any of the parent directories.
+
+*Note:* See `dir:` above for semantics and restrictions on the directory paths, they apply to `oci:` equivalently.
+
+### `tarball:`
+
+The `tarball:` transport refers to tarred up container root filesystems.
+
+Scopes are ignored.
+
+## Policy Requirements
+
+Using the mechanisms above, a set of policy requirements is looked up.  The policy requirements
+are represented as a JSON array of individual requirement objects.  For an image to be accepted,
+*all* of the requirements must be satisfied simulatenously.
+
+The policy requirements can also be used to decide whether an individual signature is accepted (= is signed by a recognized key of a known author);
+in that case some requirements may apply only to some signatures, but each signature must be accepted by *at least one* requirement object.
+
+The following requirement objects are supported:
+
+### `insecureAcceptAnything`
+
+A simple requirement with the following syntax
+
+```json
+{"type":"insecureAcceptAnything"}
+```
+
+This requirement accepts any image (but note that other requirements in the array still apply).
+
+When deciding to accept an individual signature, this requirement does not have any effect; it does *not* cause the signature to be accepted, though.
+
+This is useful primarily for policy scopes where no signature verification is required;
+because the array of policy requirements must not be empty, this requirement is used
+to represent the lack of requirements explicitly.
+
+### `reject`
+
+A simple requirement with the following syntax:
+
+```json
+{"type":"reject"}
+```
+
+This requirement rejects every image, and every signature.
+
+### `signedBy`
+
+This requirement requires an image to be signed with an expected identity, or accepts a signature if it is using an expected identity and key.
+
+```js
+{
+    "type":    "signedBy",
+    "keyType": "GPGKeys", /* The only currently supported value */
+    "keyPath": "/path/to/local/keyring/file",
+    "keyData": "base64-encoded-keyring-data",
+    "signedIdentity": identity_requirement
+}
+```
+<!-- Later: other keyType values -->
+
+Exactly one of `keyPath` and `keyData` must be present, containing a GPG keyring of one or more public keys.  Only signatures made by these keys are accepted.
+
+The `signedIdentity` field, a JSON object, specifies what image identity the signature claims about the image.
+One of the following alternatives are supported:
+
+- The identity in the signature must exactly match the image identity.  Note that with this, referencing an image by digest (with a signature claiming a _repository_`:`_tag_ identity) will fail.
+
+  ```json
+  {"type":"matchExact"}
+  ```
+- If the image identity carries a tag, the identity in the signature must exactly match;
+  if the image identity uses a digest reference, the identity in the signature must be in the same repository as the image identity (using any tag).
+
+  (Note that with images identified using digest references, the digest from the reference is validated even before signature verification starts.)
+
+  ```json
+  {"type":"matchRepoDigestOrExact"}
+  ```
+- The identity in the signature must be in the same repository as the image identity.  This is useful e.g. to pull an image using the `:latest` tag when the image is signed with a tag specifing an exact image version.
+
+  ```json
+  {"type":"matchRepository"}
+  ```
+- The identity in the signature must exactly match a specified identity.
+  This is useful e.g. when locally mirroring images signed using their public identity.
+
+  ```js
+  {
+      "type": "exactReference",
+      "dockerReference": docker_reference_value
+  }
+  ```
+- The identity in the signature must be in the same repository as a specified identity.
+  This combines the properties of `matchRepository` and `exactReference`.
+
+  ```js
+  {
+      "type": "exactRepository",
+      "dockerRepository": docker_repository_value
+  }
+  ```
+
+If the `signedIdentity` field is missing, it is treated as `matchRepoDigestOrExact`.
+
+*Note*: `matchExact`, `matchRepoDigestOrExact` and `matchRepository` can be only used if a Docker-like image identity is
+provided by the transport.  In particular, the `dir:` and `oci:` transports can be only
+used with `exactReference` or `exactRepository`.
+
+<!-- ### `signedBaseLayer` -->
+
+## Examples
+
+It is *strongly* recommended to set the `default` policy to `reject`, and then
+selectively allow individual transports and scopes as desired.
+
+### A reasonably locked-down system
+
+(Note that the `/*`…`*/` comments are not valid in JSON, and must not be used in real policies.)
+
+```js
+{
+    "default": [{"type": "reject"}], /* Reject anything not explicitly allowed */
+    "transports": {
+        "docker": {
+            /* Allow installing images from a specific repository namespace, without cryptographic verification.
+               This namespace includes images like openshift/hello-openshift and openshift/origin. */
+            "docker.io/openshift": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}],
+            /* Similarly, allow installing the “official” busybox images.  Note how the fully expanded
+               form, with the explicit /library/, must be used. */
+            "docker.io/library/busybox": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}]
+            /* Other docker: images use the global default policy and are rejected */
+        },
+        "dir": {
+            "": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}] /* Allow any images originating in local directories */
+        },
+        "atomic": {
+            /* The common case: using a known key for a repository or set of repositories */
+            "hostname:5000/myns/official": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "/path/to/official-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            /* A more complex example, for a repository which contains a mirror of a third-party product,
+               which must be signed-off by local IT */
+            "hostname:5000/vendor/product": [
+                { /* Require the image to be signed by the original vendor, using the vendor's repository location. */
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "/path/to/vendor-pubkey.gpg",
+                    "signedIdentity": {
+                        "type": "exactRepository",
+                        "dockerRepository": "vendor-hostname/product/repository"
+                    }
+                },
+                { /* Require the image to _also_ be signed by a local reviewer. */
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "/path/to/reviewer-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Completely disable security, allow all images, do not trust any signatures
+
+```json
+{
+    "default": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}]
+}
+```
+## SEE ALSO
+  atomic(1)
+
+## HISTORY
+August 2018, Rename to containers-policy.json(5) by Valentin Rothberg <vrothberg@suse.com>
+
+September 2016, Originally compiled by Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-registries.conf.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+% CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES.CONF(5) System-wide registry configuration file
+% Brent Baude
+% Aug 2017
+
+# NAME
+containers-registries.conf - Syntax of System Registry Configuration File
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+The CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES configuration file is a system-wide configuration
+file for container image registries. The file format is TOML.
+
+By default, the configuration file is located at `/etc/containers/registries.conf`.
+
+# FORMATS
+
+## VERSION 2
+VERSION 2 is the latest format of the `registries.conf` and is currently in
+beta. This means in general VERSION 1 should be used in production environments
+for now.
+
+Every registry can have its own mirrors configured.  The mirrors will be tested
+in order for the availability of the remote manifest.  This happens currently
+only during an image pull.  If the manifest is not reachable due to connectivity
+issues or the unavailability of the remote manifest, then the next mirror will
+be tested instead.  If no mirror is configured or contains the manifest to be
+pulled, then the initially provided reference will be used as fallback.  It is
+possible to set the `insecure` option per mirror, too.
+
+Furthermore it is possible to specify a `prefix` for a registry.  The `prefix`
+is used to find the relevant target registry from where the image has to be
+pulled.  During the test for the availability of the image, the prefixed
+location will be rewritten to the correct remote location.  This applies to
+mirrors as well as the fallback `location`.  If no prefix is specified, it
+defaults to the specified `location`.  For example, if
+`prefix = "example.com/foo"`, `location = "example.com"` and the image will be
+pulled from `example.com/foo/image`, then the resulting pull will be effectively
+point to `example.com/image`.
+
+By default container runtimes use TLS when retrieving images from a registry.
+If the registry is not setup with TLS, then the container runtime will fail to
+pull images from the registry. If you set `insecure = true` for a registry or a
+mirror you overwrite the `insecure` flag for that specific entry.  This means
+that the container runtime will attempt use unencrypted HTTP to pull the image.
+It also allows you to pull from a registry with self-signed certificates.
+
+If you set the `unqualified-search = true` for the registry, then it is possible
+to omit the registry hostname when pulling images.  This feature does not work
+together with a specified `prefix`.
+
+If `blocked = true` then it is not allowed to pull images from that registry.
+
+### EXAMPLE
+
+```
+[[registry]]
+location = "example.com"
+insecure = false
+prefix = "example.com/foo"
+unqualified-search = false
+blocked = false
+mirror = [
+    { location = "example-mirror-0.local", insecure = false },
+    { location = "example-mirror-1.local", insecure = true }
+]
+```
+
+## VERSION 1
+VERSION 1 can be used as alternative to the VERSION 2, but it is not capable in
+using registry mirrors or a prefix.
+
+The TOML_format is used to build a simple list for registries under three
+categories: `registries.search`, `registries.insecure`, and `registries.block`.
+You can list multiple registries using a comma separated list.
+
+Search registries are used when the caller of a container runtime does not fully specify the
+container image that they want to execute.  These registries are prepended onto the front
+of the specified container image until the named image is found at a registry.
+
+Note insecure registries can be used for any registry, not just the registries listed
+under search.
+
+The fields `registries.insecure` and `registries.block` work as like as the
+`insecure` and `blocked` from VERSION 2.
+
+### EXAMPLE
+The following example configuration defines two searchable registries, one
+insecure registry, and two blocked registries.
+
+```
+[registries.search]
+registries = ['registry1.com', 'registry2.com']
+
+[registries.insecure]
+registries = ['registry3.com']
+
+[registries.block]
+registries = ['registry.untrusted.com', 'registry.unsafe.com']
+```
+
+# HISTORY
+Mar 2019, Added additional configuration format by Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>
+
+Aug 2018, Renamed to containers-registries.conf(5) by Valentin Rothberg <vrothberg@suse.com>
+
+Jun 2018, Updated by Tom Sweeney <tsweeney@redhat.com>
+
+Aug 2017, Originally compiled by Brent Baude <bbaude@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-registries.d.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+% CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES.D(5) Registries.d Man Page
+% Miloslav Trmač
+% August 2016
+
+# NAME
+containers-registries.d - Directory for various registries configurations
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+The registries configuration directory contains configuration for various registries
+(servers storing remote container images), and for content stored in them,
+so that the configuration does not have to be provided in command-line options over and over for every command,
+and so that it can be shared by all users of containers/image.
+
+By default (unless overridden at compile-time), the registries configuration directory is `/etc/containers/registries.d`;
+applications may allow using a different directory instead.
+
+## Directory Structure
+
+The directory may contain any number of files with the extension `.yaml`,
+each using the YAML format.  Other than the mandatory extension, names of the files
+don’t matter.
+
+The contents of these files are merged together; to have a well-defined and easy to understand
+behavior, there can be only one configuration section describing a single namespace within a registry
+(in particular there can be at most one one `default-docker` section across all files,
+and there can be at most one instance of any key under the the `docker` section;
+these sections are documented later).
+
+Thus, it is forbidden to have two conflicting configurations for a single registry or scope,
+and it is also forbidden to split a configuration for a single registry or scope across
+more than one file (even if they are not semantically in conflict).
+
+## Registries, Scopes and Search Order
+
+Each YAML file must contain a “YAML mapping” (key-value pairs).  Two top-level keys are defined:
+
+- `default-docker` is the _configuration section_ (as documented below)
+   for registries implementing "Docker Registry HTTP API V2".
+
+   This key is optional.
+
+- `docker` is a mapping, using individual registries implementing "Docker Registry HTTP API V2",
+   or namespaces and individual images within these registries, as keys;
+   the value assigned to any such key is a _configuration section_.
+
+   This key is optional.
+
+   Scopes matching individual images are named Docker references *in the fully expanded form*, either
+   using a tag or digest. For example, `docker.io/library/busybox:latest` (*not* `busybox:latest`).
+
+   More general scopes are prefixes of individual-image scopes, and specify a repository (by omitting the tag or digest),
+   a repository namespace, or a registry host (and a port if it differs from the default).
+
+   Note that if a registry is accessed using a hostname+port configuration, the port-less hostname
+   is _not_ used as parent scope.
+
+When searching for a configuration to apply for an individual container image, only
+the configuration for the most-precisely matching scope is used; configuration using
+more general scopes is ignored.  For example, if _any_ configuration exists for
+`docker.io/library/busybox`, the configuration for `docker.io` is ignored
+(even if some element of the configuration is defined for `docker.io` and not for `docker.io/library/busybox`).
+
+## Individual Configuration Sections
+
+A single configuration section is selected for a container image using the process
+described above.  The configuration section is a YAML mapping, with the following keys:
+
+- `sigstore-staging` defines an URL of of the signature storage, used for editing it (adding or deleting signatures).
+
+   This key is optional; if it is missing, `sigstore` below is used.
+
+- `sigstore` defines an URL of the signature storage.
+   This URL is used for reading existing signatures,
+   and if `sigstore-staging` does not exist, also for adding or removing them.
+
+   This key is optional; if it is missing, no signature storage is defined (no signatures
+   are download along with images, adding new signatures is possible only if `sigstore-staging` is defined).
+
+## Examples
+
+### Using Containers from Various Origins
+
+The following demonstrates how to to consume and run images from various registries and namespaces:
+
+```yaml
+docker:
+    registry.database-supplier.com:
+        sigstore: https://sigstore.database-supplier.com
+    distribution.great-middleware.org:
+        sigstore: https://security-team.great-middleware.org/sigstore
+    docker.io/web-framework:
+        sigstore: https://sigstore.web-framework.io:8080
+```
+
+### Developing and Signing Containers, Staging Signatures
+
+For developers in `example.com`:
+
+- Consume most container images using the public servers also used by clients.
+- Use a separate sigure storage for an container images in a namespace corresponding to the developers' department, with a staging storage used before publishing signatures.
+- Craft an individual exception for a single branch a specific developer is working on locally.
+
+```yaml
+docker:
+    registry.example.com:
+        sigstore: https://registry-sigstore.example.com
+    registry.example.com/mydepartment:
+        sigstore: https://sigstore.mydepartment.example.com
+        sigstore-staging: file:///mnt/mydepartment/sigstore-staging
+    registry.example.com/mydepartment/myproject:mybranch:
+        sigstore: http://localhost:4242/sigstore
+        sigstore-staging: file:///home/useraccount/webroot/sigstore
+```
+
+### A Global Default
+
+If a company publishes its products using a different domain, and different registry hostname for each of them, it is still possible to use a single signature storage server
+without listing each domain individually. This is expected to rarely happen, usually only for staging new signatures.
+
+```yaml
+default-docker:
+    sigstore-staging: file:///mnt/company/common-sigstore-staging
+```
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-signature.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+% container-signature(5) Container signature format
+% Miloslav Trmač
+% March 2017
+
+# Container signature format
+
+This document describes the format of container signatures,
+as implemented by the `github.com/containers/image/signature` package.
+
+Most users should be able to consume these signatures by using the `github.com/containers/image/signature` package
+(preferably through the higher-level `signature.PolicyContext` interface)
+without having to care about the details of the format described below.
+This documentation exists primarily for maintainers of the package
+and to allow independent reimplementations.
+
+## High-level overview
+
+The signature provides an end-to-end authenticated claim that a container image
+has been approved by a specific party (e.g. the creator of the image as their work,
+an automated build system as a result of an automated build,
+a company IT department approving the image for production) under a specified _identity_
+(e.g. an OS base image / specific application, with a specific version).
+
+A container signature consists of a cryptographic signature which identifies
+and authenticates who signed the image, and carries as a signed payload a JSON document.
+The JSON document identifies the image being signed, claims a specific identity of the
+image and if applicable, contains other information about the image.
+
+The signatures do not modify the container image (the layers, configuration, manifest, …);
+e.g. their presence does not change the manifest digest used to identify the image in
+docker/distribution servers; rather, the signatures are associated with an immutable image.
+An image can have any number of signatures so signature distribution systems SHOULD support
+associating more than one signature with an image.
+
+## The cryptographic signature
+
+As distributed, the container signature is a blob which contains a cryptographic signature
+in an industry-standard format, carrying a signed JSON payload (i.e. the blob contains both the
+JSON document and a signature of the JSON document; it is not a “detached signature” with
+independent blobs containing the JSON document and a cryptographic signature).
+
+Currently the only defined cryptographic signature format is an OpenPGP signature (RFC 4880),
+but others may be added in the future.  (The blob does not contain metadata identifying the
+cryptographic signature format. It is expected that most formats are sufficiently self-describing
+that this is not necessary and the configured expected public key provides another indication
+of the expected cryptographic signature format. Such metadata may be added in the future for
+newly added cryptographic signature formats, if necessary.)
+
+Consumers of container signatures SHOULD verify the cryptographic signature
+against one or more trusted public keys
+(e.g. defined in a [policy.json signature verification policy file](policy.json.md))
+before parsing or processing the JSON payload in _any_ way,
+in particular they SHOULD stop processing the container signature
+if the cryptographic signature verification fails, without even starting to process the JSON payload.
+
+(Consumers MAY extract identification of the signing key and other metadata from the cryptographic signature,
+and the JSON payload, without verifying the signature, if the purpose is to allow managing the signature blobs,
+e.g. to list the authors and image identities of signatures associated with a single container image;
+if so, they SHOULD design the output of such processing to minimize the risk of users considering the output trusted
+or in any way usable for making policy decisions about the image.)
+
+### OpenPGP signature verification
+
+When verifying a cryptographic signature in the OpenPGP format,
+the consumer MUST verify at least the following aspects of the signature
+(like the `github.com/containers/image/signature` package does):
+
+- The blob MUST be a “Signed Message” as defined RFC 4880 section 11.3.
+  (e.g. it MUST NOT be an unsigned “Literal Message”, or any other non-signature format).
+- The signature MUST have been made by an expected key trusted for the purpose (and the specific container image).
+- The signature MUST be correctly formed and pass the cryptographic validation.
+- The signature MUST correctly authenticate the included JSON payload
+  (in particular, the parsing of the JSON payload MUST NOT start before the complete payload has been cryptographically authenticated).
+- The signature MUST NOT be expired.
+
+The consumer SHOULD have tests for its verification code which verify that signatures failing any of the above are rejected.
+
+## JSON processing and forward compatibility
+
+The payload of the cryptographic signature is a JSON document (RFC 7159).
+Consumers SHOULD parse it very strictly,
+refusing any signature which violates the expected format (e.g. missing members, incorrect member types)
+or can be interpreted ambiguously (e.g. a duplicated member in a JSON object).
+
+Any violations of the JSON format or of other requirements in this document MAY be accepted if the JSON document can be recognized
+to have been created by a known-incorrect implementation (see [`optional.creator`](#optionalcreator) below)
+and if the semantics of the invalid document, as created by such an implementation, is clear.
+
+The top-level value of the JSON document MUST be a JSON object with exactly two members, `critical` and `optional`,
+each a JSON object.
+
+The `critical` object MUST contain a `type` member identifying the document as a container signature
+(as defined [below](#criticaltype))
+and signature consumers MUST reject signatures which do not have this member or in which this member does not have the expected value.
+
+To ensure forward compatibility (allowing older signature consumers to correctly
+accept or reject signatures created at a later date, with possible extensions to this format),
+consumers MUST reject the signature if the `critical` object, or _any_ of its subobjects,
+contain _any_ member or data value which is unrecognized, unsupported, invalid, or in any other way unexpected.
+At a minimum, this includes unrecognized members in a JSON object, or incorrect types of expected members.
+
+For the same reason, consumers SHOULD accept any members with unrecognized names in the `optional` object,
+and MAY accept signatures where the object member is recognized but unsupported, or the value of the member is unsupported.
+Consumers still SHOULD reject signatures where a member of an `optional` object is supported but the value is recognized as invalid.
+
+## JSON data format
+
+An example of the full format follows, with detailed description below.
+To reiterate, consumers of the signature SHOULD perform successful cryptographic verification,
+and MUST reject unexpected data in the `critical` object, or in the top-level object, as described above.
+
+```json
+{
+    "critical": {
+        "type": "atomic container signature",
+        "image": {
+            "docker-manifest-digest": "sha256:817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e"
+        },
+        "identity": {
+            "docker-reference": "docker.io/library/busybox:latest"
+        }
+    },
+    "optional": {
+        "creator": "some software package v1.0.1-35",
+        "timestamp": 1483228800,
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### `critical`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object which contains data critical to correctly evaluating the validity of a signature.
+
+Consumers MUST reject any signature where the `critical` object contains any unrecognized, unsupported, invalid or in any other way unexpected member or data.
+
+### `critical.type`
+
+This MUST be a string with a string value exactly equal to `atomic container signature` (three words, including the spaces).
+
+Signature consumers MUST reject signatures which do not have this member or this member does not have exactly the expected value.
+
+(The consumers MAY support signatures with a different value of the `type` member, if any is defined in the future;
+if so, the rest of the JSON document is interpreted according to rules defining that value of `critical.type`,
+not by this document.)
+
+### `critical.image`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object which identifies the container image this signature applies to.
+
+Consumers MUST reject any signature where the `critical.image` object contains any unrecognized, unsupported, invalid or in any other way unexpected member or data.
+
+(Currently only the `docker-manifest-digest` way of identifying a container image is defined;
+alternatives to this may be defined in the future,
+but existing consumers are required to reject signatures which use formats they do not support.)
+
+### `critical.image.docker-manifest-digest`
+
+This MUST be a JSON string, in the `github.com/opencontainers/go-digest.Digest` string format.
+
+The value of this member MUST match the manifest of the signed container image, as implemented in the docker/distribution manifest addressing system.
+
+The consumer of the signature SHOULD verify the manifest digest against a fully verified signature before processing the contents of the image manifest in any other way
+(e.g. parsing the manifest further or downloading layers of the image).
+
+Implementation notes:
+* A single container image manifest may have several valid manifest digest values, using different algorithms.
+* For “signed” [docker/distribution schema 1](https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/spec/manifest-v2-1.md) manifests,
+the manifest digest applies to the payload of the JSON web signature, not to the raw manifest blob.
+
+### `critical.identity`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object which identifies the claimed identity of the image (usually the purpose of the image, or the application, along with a version information),
+as asserted by the author of the signature.
+
+Consumers MUST reject any signature where the `critical.identity` object contains any unrecognized, unsupported, invalid or in any other way unexpected member or data.
+
+(Currently only the `docker-reference` way of claiming an image identity/purpose is defined;
+alternatives to this may be defined in the future,
+but existing consumers are required to reject signatures which use formats they do not support.)
+
+### `critical.identity.docker-reference`
+
+This MUST be a JSON string, in the `github.com/docker/distribution/reference` string format,
+and using the same normalization semantics (where e.g. `busybox:latest` is equivalent to `docker.io/library/busybox:latest`).
+If the normalization semantics allows multiple string representations of the claimed identity with equivalent meaning,
+the `critical.identity.docker-reference` member SHOULD use the fully explicit form (including the full host name and namespaces).
+
+The value of this member MUST match the image identity/purpose expected by the consumer of the image signature and the image
+(again, accounting for the `docker/distribution/reference` normalization semantics).
+
+In the most common case, this means that the `critical.identity.docker-reference` value must be equal to the docker/distribution reference used to refer to or download the image.
+However, depending on the specific application, users or system administrators may accept less specific matches
+(e.g. ignoring the tag value in the signature when pulling the `:latest` tag or when referencing an image by digest),
+or they may require `critical.identity.docker-reference` values with a completely different namespace to the reference used to refer to/download the image
+(e.g. requiring a `critical.identity.docker-reference` value which identifies the image as coming from a supplier when fetching it from a company-internal mirror of approved images).
+The software performing this verification SHOULD allow the users to define such a policy using the [policy.json signature verification policy file format](policy.json.md).
+
+The `critical.identity.docker-reference` value SHOULD contain either a tag or digest;
+in most cases, it SHOULD use a tag rather than a digest.  (See also the default [`matchRepoDigestOrExact` matching semantics in `policy.json`](policy.json.md#signedby).)
+
+### `optional`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object.
+
+Consumers SHOULD accept any members with unrecognized names in the `optional` object,
+and MAY accept a signature where the object member is recognized but unsupported, or the value of the member is valid but unsupported.
+Consumers still SHOULD reject any signature where a member of an `optional` object is supported but the value is recognized as invalid.
+
+### `optional.creator`
+
+If present, this MUST be a JSON string, identifying the name and version of the software which has created the signature.
+
+The contents of this string is not defined in detail; however each implementation creating container signatures:
+
+- SHOULD define the contents to unambiguously define the software in practice (e.g. it SHOULD contain the name of the software, not only the version number)
+- SHOULD use a build and versioning process which ensures that the contents of this string (e.g. an included version number)
+  changes whenever the format or semantics of the generated signature changes in any way;
+  it SHOULD not be possible for two implementations which use a different format or semantics to have the same `optional.creator` value
+- SHOULD use a format which is reasonably easy to parse in software (perhaps using a regexp),
+  and which makes it easy enough to recognize a range of versions of a specific implementation
+  (e.g. the version of the implementation SHOULD NOT be only a git hash, because they don’t have an easily defined ordering;
+  the string should contain a version number, or at least a date of the commit).
+
+Consumers of container signatures MAY recognize specific values or sets of values of `optional.creator`
+(perhaps augmented with `optional.timestamp`),
+and MAY change their processing of the signature based on these values
+(usually to acommodate violations of this specification in past versions of the signing software which cannot be fixed retroactively),
+as long as the semantics of the invalid document, as created by such an implementation, is clear.
+
+If consumers of signatures do change their behavior based on the `optional.creator` value,
+they SHOULD take care that the way they process the signatures is not inconsistent with
+strictly validating signature consumers.
+(I.e. it is acceptable for a consumer to accept a signature based on a specific `optional.creator` value
+if other implementations would completely reject the signature,
+but it would be very undesirable for the two kinds of implementations to accept the signature in different
+and inconsistent situations.)
+
+### `optional.timestamp`
+
+If present, this MUST be a JSON number, which is representable as a 64-bit integer, and identifies the time when the signature was created
+as the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch (Jan 1 1970 00:00 UTC).

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-transports.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+% CONTAINERS-TRANSPORTS(5) Containers Transports Man Page
+% Valentin Rothberg
+% April 2019
+
+## NAME
+
+containers-transports - description of supported transports for copying and storing container images
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Tools which use the containers/image library, including skopeo(1), buildah(1), podman(1), all share a common syntax for referring to container images in various locations.
+The general form of the syntax is _transport:details_, where details are dependent on the specified transport, which are documented below.
+
+### **containers-storage:** [storage-specifier]{image-id|docker-reference[@image-id]}
+
+An image located in a local containers storage.
+The format of _docker-reference_ is described in detail in the **docker** transport.
+
+The _storage-specifier_ allows for referencing storage locations on the file system and has the format `[[driver@]root[+run-root][:options]]` where the optional `driver` refers to the storage driver (e.g., overlay or btrfs) and where `root` is an absolute path to the storage's root directory.
+The optional `run-root` can be used to specify the run directory of the storage where all temporary writable content is stored.
+The optional `options` are a comma-separated list of driver-specific options.
+Please refer to containers-storage.conf(5) for further information on the drivers and supported options.
+
+### **dir:**_path_
+
+An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files.
+This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
+
+### **docker://**_docker-reference_
+
+An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2".
+By default, uses the authorization state in `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using podman-login(1).
+If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using docker-login(1).
+The containers-registries.conf(5) further allows for configuring various settings of a registry.
+
+Note that a _docker-reference_ has the following format: `name[:tag|@digest]`.
+While the docker transport does not support both a tag and a digest at the same time some formats like containers-storage do.
+Digests can also be used in an image destination as long as the manifest matches the provided digest.
+The digest of images can be explored with skopeo-inspect(1).
+If `name` does not contain a slash, it is treated as `docker.io/library/name`.
+Otherwise, the component before the first slash is checked if it is recognized as a `hostname[:port]` (i.e., it contains either a . or a :, or the component is exactly localhost).
+If the first component of name is not recognized as a `hostname[:port]`, `name` is treated as `docker.io/name`.
+
+### **docker-archive:**_path[:docker-reference]_
+
+An image is stored in the docker-save(1) formatted file.
+_docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
+It is further possible to copy data to stdin by specifying `docker-archive:/dev/stdin` but note that the used file must be seekable.
+
+### **docker-daemon:**_docker-reference|algo:digest_
+
+An image stored in the docker daemon's internal storage.
+The image must be specified as a _docker-reference_ or in an alternative _algo:digest_ format when being used as an image source.
+The _algo:digest_ refers to the image ID reported by docker-inspect(1).
+
+### **oci:**_path[:tag]_
+
+An image compliant with the "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
+Using a _tag_ is optional and allows for storing multiple images at the same _path_.
+
+### **oci-archive:**_path[:tag]_
+
+An image compliant with the "Open Container Image Layout Specification" stored as a tar(1) archive at _path_.
+
+### **ostree:**_docker-reference[@/absolute/repo/path]_
+
+An image in the local ostree(1) repository.
+_/absolute/repo/path_ defaults to _/ostree/repo_.
+
+## Examples
+
+The following examples demonstrate how some of the containers transports can be used.
+The examples use skopeo-copy(1) for copying container images.
+
+**Copying an image from one registry to another**:
+```
+$ skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/alpine:latest docker://localhost:5000/alpine:latest
+```
+
+**Copying an image from a running Docker daemon to a directory in the OCI layout**:
+```
+$ mkdir alpine-oci
+$ skopeo copy docker-daemon:alpine:latest oci:alpine-oci
+$ tree alpine-oci
+test-oci/
+├── blobs
+│   └── sha256
+│       ├── 83ef92b73cf4595aa7fe214ec6747228283d585f373d8f6bc08d66bebab531b7
+│       ├── 9a6259e911dcd0a53535a25a9760ad8f2eded3528e0ad5604c4488624795cecc
+│       └── ff8df268d29ccbe81cdf0a173076dcfbbea4bb2b6df1dd26766a73cb7b4ae6f7
+├── index.json
+└── oci-layout
+
+2 directories, 5 files
+```
+
+**Copying an image from a registry to the local storage**:
+```
+$ skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/alpine:latest containers-storage:alpine:latest
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+
+docker-login(1), docker-save(1), ostree(1), podman-login(1), skopeo-copy(1), skopeo-inspect(1), tar(1), container-registries.conf(5), containers-storage.conf(5)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>
+Valentin Rothberg <rothberg@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/signature-protocols.md

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Signature access protocols
+
+The `github.com/containers/image` library supports signatures implemented as blobs “attached to” an image.
+Some image transports (local storage formats and remote procotocols) implement these signatures natively
+or trivially; for others, the protocol extensions described below are necessary.
+
+## docker/distribution registries—separate storage
+
+### Usage
+
+Any existing docker/distribution registry, whether or not it natively supports signatures,
+can be augmented with separate signature storage by configuring a signature storage URL in [`registries.d`](registries.d.md).
+`registries.d` can be configured to use one storage URL for a whole docker/distribution server,
+or also separate URLs for smaller namespaces or individual repositories within the server
+(which e.g. allows image authors to manage their own signature storage while publishing
+the images on the public `docker.io` server).
+
+The signature storage URL defines a root of a path hierarchy.
+It can be either a `file:///…` URL, pointing to a local directory structure,
+or a `http`/`https` URL, pointing to a remote server.
+`file:///` signature storage can be both read and written, `http`/`https` only supports reading.
+
+The same path hierarchy is used in both cases, so the HTTP/HTTPS server can be
+a simple static web server serving a directory structure created by writing to a `file:///` signature storage.
+(This of course does not prevent other server implementations,
+e.g. a HTTP server reading signatures from a database.)
+
+The usual workflow for producing and distributing images using the separate storage mechanism
+is to configure the repository in `registries.d` with `sigstore-staging` URL pointing to a private
+`file:///` staging area, and a `sigstore` URL pointing to a public web server.
+To publish an image, the image author would sign the image as necessary (e.g. using `skopeo copy`),
+and then copy the created directory structure from the `file:///` staging area
+to a subdirectory of a webroot of the public web server so that they are accessible using the public `sigstore` URL.
+The author would also instruct consumers of the image to, or provide a `registries.d` configuration file to,
+set up a `sigstore` URL pointing to the public web server.
+
+### Path structure
+
+Given a _base_ signature storage URL configured in `registries.d` as mentioned above,
+and a container image stored in a docker/distribution registry using the _fully-expanded_ name
+_hostname_`/`_namespaces_`/`_name_{`@`_digest_,`:`_tag_} (e.g. for `docker.io/library/busybox:latest`,
+_namespaces_ is `library`, even if the user refers to the image using the shorter syntax as `busybox:latest`),
+signatures are accessed using URLs of the form
+> _base_`/`_namespaces_`/`_name_`@`_digest-algo_`=`_digest-value_`/signature-`_index_
+
+where _digest-algo_`:`_digest-value_ is a manifest digest usable for referencing the relevant image manifest
+(i.e. even if the user referenced the image using a tag,
+the signature storage is always disambiguated using digest references).
+Note that in the URLs used for signatures,
+_digest-algo_ and _digest-value_ are separated using the `=` character,
+not `:` like when acessing the manifest using the docker/distribution API.
+
+Within the URL, _index_ is a decimal integer (in the canonical form), starting with 1.
+Signatures are stored at URLs with successive _index_ values; to read all of them, start with _index_=1,
+and continue reading signatures and increasing _index_ as long as signatures with these _index_ values exist.
+Similarly, to add one more signature to an image, find the first _index_ which does not exist, and
+then store the new signature using that _index_ value.
+
+There is no way to list existing signatures other than iterating through the successive _index_ values,
+and no way to download all of the signatures at once.
+
+### Examples
+
+For a docker/distribution image available as `busybox@sha256:817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e`
+(or as `busybox:latest` if the `latest` tag points to to a manifest with the same digest),
+and with a `registries.d` configuration specifying a `sigstore` URL `https://example.com/sigstore` for the same image,
+the following URLs would be accessed to download all signatures:
+> - `https://example.com/sigstore/library/busybox@sha256=817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e/signature-1`
+> - `https://example.com/sigstore/library/busybox@sha256=817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e/signature-2`
+> - …
+
+For a docker/distribution image available as `example.com/ns1/ns2/ns3/repo@somedigest:digestvalue` and the same
+`sigstore` URL, the signatures would be available at
+> `https://example.com/sigstore/ns1/ns2/ns3/repo@somedigest=digestvalue/signature-1`
+
+and so on.
+
+## (OpenShift) docker/distribution API extension
+
+As of https://github.com/openshift/origin/pull/12504/ , the OpenShift-embedded registry also provides
+an extension of the docker/distribution API which allows simpler access to the signatures,
+using only the docker/distribution API endpoint.
+
+This API is not inherently OpenShift-specific (e.g. the client does not need to know the OpenShift API endpoint,
+and credentials sufficient to access the docker/distribution API server are sufficient to access signatures as well),
+and it is the preferred way implement signature storage in registries.
+
+See https://github.com/openshift/openshift-docs/pull/3556 for the upstream documentation of the API.
+
+To read the signature, any user with access to an image can use the `/extensions/v2/…/signatures/…`
+path to read an array of signatures.  Use only the signature objects
+which have `version` equal to `2`, `type` equal to `atomic`, and read the signature from `content`;
+ignore the other fields of the signature object.
+
+To add a single signature, `PUT` a new object with `version` set to `2`, `type` set to `atomic`,
+and `content` set to the signature.  Also set `name` to an unique name with the form
+_digest_`@`_per-image-name_, where _digest_ is an image manifest digest (also used in the URL),
+and _per-image-name_ is any unique identifier.
+
+To add more than one signature, add them one at a time.  This API does not allow deleting signatures.
+
+Note that because signatures are stored within the cluster-wide image objects,
+i.e. different namespaces can not associate different sets of signatures to the same image,
+updating signatures requires a cluster-wide access to the `imagesignatures` resource
+(by default available to the `system:image-signer` role),
+
+## OpenShift-embedded registries
+
+The OpenShift-embedded registry implements the ordinary docker/distribution API,
+and it also exposes images through the OpenShift REST API (available through the “API master” servers).
+
+Note: OpenShift versions 1.5 and later support the above-described [docker/distribution API extension](#openshift-dockerdistribution-api-extension),
+which is easier to set up and should usually be preferred.
+Continue reading for details on using older versions of OpenShift.
+
+As of https://github.com/openshift/origin/pull/9181,
+signatures are exposed through the OpenShift API
+(i.e. to access the complete image, it is necessary to use both APIs,
+in particular to know the URLs for both the docker/distribution and the OpenShift API master endpoints).
+
+To read the signature, any user with access to an image can use the `imagestreamimages` namespaced
+resource to read an `Image` object and its `Signatures` array.  Use only the `ImageSignature` objects
+which have `Type` equal to `atomic`, and read the signature from `Content`; ignore the other fields of
+the `ImageSignature` object.
+
+To add or remove signatures, use the cluster-wide (non-namespaced) `imagesignatures` resource,
+with `Type` set to `atomic` and `Content` set to the signature.  Signature names must have the form
+_digest_`@`_per-image-name_, where _digest_ is an image manifest digest (OpenShift “image name”),
+and _per-image-name_ is any unique identifier.
+
+Note that because signatures are stored within the cluster-wide image objects,
+i.e. different namespaces can not associate different sets of signatures to the same image,
+updating signatures requires a cluster-wide access to the `imagesignatures` resource
+(by default available to the `system:image-signer` role),
+and deleting signatures is strongly discouraged
+(it deletes the signature from all namespaces which contain the same image).

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/docker_list.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package image
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ type platformSpec struct {
 
 // A manifestDescriptor references a platform-specific manifest.
 type manifestDescriptor struct {
-	descriptor
+	manifest.Schema2Descriptor
 	Platform platformSpec `json:"platform"`
 }
 
@@ -31,22 +33,36 @@ type manifestList struct {
 	Manifests     []manifestDescriptor `json:"manifests"`
 }
 
-func manifestSchema2FromManifestList(src types.ImageSource, manblob []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
-	list := manifestList{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(manblob, &list); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// chooseDigestFromManifestList parses blob as a schema2 manifest list,
+// and returns the digest of the image appropriate for the current environment.
+func chooseDigestFromManifestList(sys *types.SystemContext, blob []byte) (digest.Digest, error) {
+	wantedArch := runtime.GOARCH
+	if sys != nil && sys.ArchitectureChoice != "" {
+		wantedArch = sys.ArchitectureChoice
+	}
+	wantedOS := runtime.GOOS
+	if sys != nil && sys.OSChoice != "" {
+		wantedOS = sys.OSChoice
+	}
+
+	list := manifestList{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &list); err != nil {
+		return "", err
 	}
-	var targetManifestDigest digest.Digest
 	for _, d := range list.Manifests {
-		if d.Platform.Architecture == runtime.GOARCH && d.Platform.OS == runtime.GOOS {
-			targetManifestDigest = d.Digest
-			break
+		if d.Platform.Architecture == wantedArch && d.Platform.OS == wantedOS {
+			return d.Digest, nil
 		}
 	}
-	if targetManifestDigest == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("no supported platform found in manifest list")
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no image found in manifest list for architecture %s, OS %s", wantedArch, wantedOS)
+}
+
+func manifestSchema2FromManifestList(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, src types.ImageSource, manblob []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
+	targetManifestDigest, err := chooseDigestFromManifestList(sys, manblob)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	manblob, mt, err := src.GetTargetManifest(targetManifestDigest)
+	manblob, mt, err := src.GetManifest(ctx, &targetManifestDigest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -59,5 +75,20 @@ func manifestSchema2FromManifestList(src types.ImageSource, manblob []byte) (gen
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Manifest image does not match selected manifest digest %s", targetManifestDigest)
 	}
 
-	return manifestInstanceFromBlob(src, manblob, mt)
+	return manifestInstanceFromBlob(ctx, sys, src, manblob, mt)
+}
+
+// ChooseManifestInstanceFromManifestList returns a digest of a manifest appropriate
+// for the current system from the manifest available from src.
+func ChooseManifestInstanceFromManifestList(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, src types.UnparsedImage) (digest.Digest, error) {
+	// For now this only handles manifest.DockerV2ListMediaType; we can generalize it later,
+	// probably along with manifest list editing.
+	blob, mt, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if mt != manifest.DockerV2ListMediaType {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Internal error: Trying to select an image from a non-manifest-list manifest type %s", mt)
+	}
+	return chooseDigestFromManifestList(sys, blob)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/docker_schema1.go

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package image
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
+	"context"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
@@ -14,87 +11,29 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-var (
-	validHex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-f0-9]{64})$`)
-)
-
-type fsLayersSchema1 struct {
-	BlobSum digest.Digest `json:"blobSum"`
-}
-
-type historySchema1 struct {
-	V1Compatibility string `json:"v1Compatibility"`
-}
-
-// historySchema1 is a string containing this.  It is similar to v1Image but not the same, in particular note the ThrowAway field.
-type v1Compatibility struct {
-	ID              string    `json:"id"`
-	Parent          string    `json:"parent,omitempty"`
-	Comment         string    `json:"comment,omitempty"`
-	Created         time.Time `json:"created"`
-	ContainerConfig struct {
-		Cmd []string
-	} `json:"container_config,omitempty"`
-	Author    string `json:"author,omitempty"`
-	ThrowAway bool   `json:"throwaway,omitempty"`
-}
-
 type manifestSchema1 struct {
-	Name          string            `json:"name"`
-	Tag           string            `json:"tag"`
-	Architecture  string            `json:"architecture"`
-	FSLayers      []fsLayersSchema1 `json:"fsLayers"`
-	History       []historySchema1  `json:"history"`
-	SchemaVersion int               `json:"schemaVersion"`
+	m *manifest.Schema1
 }
 
-func manifestSchema1FromManifest(manifest []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
-	mschema1 := &manifestSchema1{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(manifest, mschema1); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if mschema1.SchemaVersion != 1 {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported schema version %d", mschema1.SchemaVersion)
-	}
-	if len(mschema1.FSLayers) != len(mschema1.History) {
-		return nil, errors.New("length of history not equal to number of layers")
-	}
-	if len(mschema1.FSLayers) == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("no FSLayers in manifest")
-	}
-
-	if err := fixManifestLayers(mschema1); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return mschema1, nil
-}
-
-// manifestSchema1FromComponents builds a new manifestSchema1 from the supplied data.
-func manifestSchema1FromComponents(ref reference.Named, fsLayers []fsLayersSchema1, history []historySchema1, architecture string) genericManifest {
-	var name, tag string
-	if ref != nil { // Well, what to do if it _is_ nil? Most consumers actually don't use these fields nowadays, so we might as well try not supplying them.
-		name = reference.Path(ref)
-		if tagged, ok := ref.(reference.NamedTagged); ok {
-			tag = tagged.Tag()
-		}
-	}
-	return &manifestSchema1{
-		Name:          name,
-		Tag:           tag,
-		Architecture:  architecture,
-		FSLayers:      fsLayers,
-		History:       history,
-		SchemaVersion: 1,
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *manifestSchema1) serialize() ([]byte, error) {
-	// docker/distribution requires a signature even if the incoming data uses the nominally unsigned DockerV2Schema1MediaType.
-	unsigned, err := json.Marshal(*m)
+func manifestSchema1FromManifest(manifestBlob []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
+	m, err := manifest.Schema1FromManifest(manifestBlob)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return manifest.AddDummyV2S1Signature(unsigned)
+	return &manifestSchema1{m: m}, nil
+}
+
+// manifestSchema1FromComponents builds a new manifestSchema1 from the supplied data.
+func manifestSchema1FromComponents(ref reference.Named, fsLayers []manifest.Schema1FSLayers, history []manifest.Schema1History, architecture string) (genericManifest, error) {
+	m, err := manifest.Schema1FromComponents(ref, fsLayers, history, architecture)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &manifestSchema1{m: m}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *manifestSchema1) serialize() ([]byte, error) {
+	return m.m.Serialize()
 }
 
 func (m *manifestSchema1) manifestMIMEType() string {
@@ -104,35 +43,31 @@ func (m *manifestSchema1) manifestMIMEType() string {
 // ConfigInfo returns a complete BlobInfo for the separate config object, or a BlobInfo{Digest:""} if there isn't a separate object.
 // Note that the config object may not exist in the underlying storage in the return value of UpdatedImage! Use ConfigBlob() below.
 func (m *manifestSchema1) ConfigInfo() types.BlobInfo {
-	return types.BlobInfo{}
+	return m.m.ConfigInfo()
 }
 
 // ConfigBlob returns the blob described by ConfigInfo, iff ConfigInfo().Digest != ""; nil otherwise.
 // The result is cached; it is OK to call this however often you need.
-func (m *manifestSchema1) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m *manifestSchema1) ConfigBlob(context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // OCIConfig returns the image configuration as per OCI v1 image-spec. Information about
 // layers in the resulting configuration isn't guaranteed to be returned to due how
 // old image manifests work (docker v2s1 especially).
-func (m *manifestSchema1) OCIConfig() (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
+func (m *manifestSchema1) OCIConfig(ctx context.Context) (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
 	v2s2, err := m.convertToManifestSchema2(nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return v2s2.OCIConfig()
+	return v2s2.OCIConfig(ctx)
 }
 
 // LayerInfos returns a list of BlobInfos of layers referenced by this image, in order (the root layer first, and then successive layered layers).
 // The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
 // WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
 func (m *manifestSchema1) LayerInfos() []types.BlobInfo {
-	layers := make([]types.BlobInfo, len(m.FSLayers))
-	for i, layer := range m.FSLayers { // NOTE: This includes empty layers (where m.History.V1Compatibility->ThrowAway)
-		layers[(len(m.FSLayers)-1)-i] = types.BlobInfo{Digest: layer.BlobSum, Size: -1}
-	}
-	return layers
+	return manifestLayerInfosToBlobInfos(m.m.LayerInfos())
 }
 
 // EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts whether a Docker reference embedded in the manifest, if any, conflicts with destination ref.
@@ -153,56 +88,36 @@ func (m *manifestSchema1) EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(ref reference.Named)
 	} else {
 		tag = ""
 	}
-	return m.Name != name || m.Tag != tag
+	return m.m.Name != name || m.m.Tag != tag
 }
 
-func (m *manifestSchema1) imageInspectInfo() (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
-	v1 := &v1Image{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(m.History[0].V1Compatibility), v1); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	i := &types.ImageInspectInfo{
-		Tag:           m.Tag,
-		DockerVersion: v1.DockerVersion,
-		Created:       v1.Created,
-		Architecture:  v1.Architecture,
-		Os:            v1.OS,
-	}
-	if v1.Config != nil {
-		i.Labels = v1.Config.Labels
-	}
-	return i, nil
+// Inspect returns various information for (skopeo inspect) parsed from the manifest and configuration.
+func (m *manifestSchema1) Inspect(context.Context) (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
+	return m.m.Inspect(nil)
 }
 
 // UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs returns true iff UpdatedImage(options) needs InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs.
 // This is a horribly specific interface, but computing InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs can be very expensive to compute
 // (most importantly it forces us to download the full layers even if they are already present at the destination).
 func (m *manifestSchema1) UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) bool {
-	return options.ManifestMIMEType == manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType
+	return (options.ManifestMIMEType == manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType || options.ManifestMIMEType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest)
 }
 
 // UpdatedImage returns a types.Image modified according to options.
 // This does not change the state of the original Image object.
-func (m *manifestSchema1) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error) {
-	copy := *m
+func (m *manifestSchema1) UpdatedImage(ctx context.Context, options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error) {
+	copy := manifestSchema1{m: manifest.Schema1Clone(m.m)}
 	if options.LayerInfos != nil {
-		// Our LayerInfos includes empty layers (where m.History.V1Compatibility->ThrowAway), so expect them to be included here as well.
-		if len(copy.FSLayers) != len(options.LayerInfos) {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Error preparing updated manifest: layer count changed from %d to %d", len(copy.FSLayers), len(options.LayerInfos))
-		}
-		for i, info := range options.LayerInfos {
-			// (docker push) sets up m.History.V1Compatibility->{Id,Parent} based on values of info.Digest,
-			// but (docker pull) ignores them in favor of computing DiffIDs from uncompressed data, except verifying the child->parent links and uniqueness.
-			// So, we don't bother recomputing the IDs in m.History.V1Compatibility.
-			copy.FSLayers[(len(options.LayerInfos)-1)-i].BlobSum = info.Digest
+		if err := copy.m.UpdateLayerInfos(options.LayerInfos); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	if options.EmbeddedDockerReference != nil {
-		copy.Name = reference.Path(options.EmbeddedDockerReference)
+		copy.m.Name = reference.Path(options.EmbeddedDockerReference)
 		if tagged, isTagged := options.EmbeddedDockerReference.(reference.NamedTagged); isTagged {
-			copy.Tag = tagged.Tag()
+			copy.m.Tag = tagged.Tag()
 		} else {
-			copy.Tag = ""
+			copy.m.Tag = ""
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -212,7 +127,21 @@ func (m *manifestSchema1) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (typ
 	// We have 2 MIME types for schema 1, which are basically equivalent (even the un-"Signed" MIME type will be rejected if there isn’t a signature; so,
 	// handle conversions between them by doing nothing.
 	case manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType:
-		return copy.convertToManifestSchema2(options.InformationOnly.LayerInfos, options.InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs)
+		m2, err := copy.convertToManifestSchema2(options.InformationOnly.LayerInfos, options.InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return memoryImageFromManifest(m2), nil
+	case imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest:
+		// We can't directly convert to OCI, but we can transitively convert via a Docker V2.2 Distribution manifest
+		m2, err := copy.convertToManifestSchema2(options.InformationOnly.LayerInfos, options.InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return m2.UpdatedImage(ctx, types.ManifestUpdateOptions{
+			ManifestMIMEType: imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest,
+			InformationOnly:  options.InformationOnly,
+		})
 	default:
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Conversion of image manifest from %s to %s is not implemented", manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType, options.ManifestMIMEType)
 	}
@@ -220,103 +149,29 @@ func (m *manifestSchema1) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (typ
 	return memoryImageFromManifest(&copy), nil
 }
 
-// fixManifestLayers, after validating the supplied manifest
-// (to use correctly-formatted IDs, and to not have non-consecutive ID collisions in manifest.History),
-// modifies manifest to only have one entry for each layer ID in manifest.History (deleting the older duplicates,
-// both from manifest.History and manifest.FSLayers).
-// Note that even after this succeeds, manifest.FSLayers may contain duplicate entries
-// (for Dockerfile operations which change the configuration but not the filesystem).
-func fixManifestLayers(manifest *manifestSchema1) error {
-	type imageV1 struct {
-		ID     string
-		Parent string
-	}
-	// Per the specification, we can assume that len(manifest.FSLayers) == len(manifest.History)
-	imgs := make([]*imageV1, len(manifest.FSLayers))
-	for i := range manifest.FSLayers {
-		img := &imageV1{}
-
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(manifest.History[i].V1Compatibility), img); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		imgs[i] = img
-		if err := validateV1ID(img.ID); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if imgs[len(imgs)-1].Parent != "" {
-		return errors.New("Invalid parent ID in the base layer of the image")
-	}
-	// check general duplicates to error instead of a deadlock
-	idmap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	var lastID string
-	for _, img := range imgs {
-		// skip IDs that appear after each other, we handle those later
-		if _, exists := idmap[img.ID]; img.ID != lastID && exists {
-			return errors.Errorf("ID %+v appears multiple times in manifest", img.ID)
-		}
-		lastID = img.ID
-		idmap[lastID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	// backwards loop so that we keep the remaining indexes after removing items
-	for i := len(imgs) - 2; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if imgs[i].ID == imgs[i+1].ID { // repeated ID. remove and continue
-			manifest.FSLayers = append(manifest.FSLayers[:i], manifest.FSLayers[i+1:]...)
-			manifest.History = append(manifest.History[:i], manifest.History[i+1:]...)
-		} else if imgs[i].Parent != imgs[i+1].ID {
-			return errors.Errorf("Invalid parent ID. Expected %v, got %v", imgs[i+1].ID, imgs[i].Parent)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateV1ID(id string) error {
-	if ok := validHex.MatchString(id); !ok {
-		return errors.Errorf("image ID %q is invalid", id)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Based on github.com/docker/docker/distribution/pull_v2.go
-func (m *manifestSchema1) convertToManifestSchema2(uploadedLayerInfos []types.BlobInfo, layerDiffIDs []digest.Digest) (types.Image, error) {
-	if len(m.History) == 0 {
-		// What would this even mean?! Anyhow, the rest of the code depends on fsLayers[0] and history[0] existing.
+func (m *manifestSchema1) convertToManifestSchema2(uploadedLayerInfos []types.BlobInfo, layerDiffIDs []digest.Digest) (genericManifest, error) {
+	if len(m.m.ExtractedV1Compatibility) == 0 {
+		// What would this even mean?! Anyhow, the rest of the code depends on FSLayers[0] and ExtractedV1Compatibility[0] existing.
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Cannot convert an image with 0 history entries to %s", manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
 	}
-	if len(m.History) != len(m.FSLayers) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Inconsistent schema 1 manifest: %d history entries, %d fsLayers entries", len(m.History), len(m.FSLayers))
+	if len(m.m.ExtractedV1Compatibility) != len(m.m.FSLayers) {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("Inconsistent schema 1 manifest: %d history entries, %d fsLayers entries", len(m.m.ExtractedV1Compatibility), len(m.m.FSLayers))
 	}
-	if uploadedLayerInfos != nil && len(uploadedLayerInfos) != len(m.FSLayers) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: uploaded %d blobs, but schema1 manifest has %d fsLayers", len(uploadedLayerInfos), len(m.FSLayers))
+	if uploadedLayerInfos != nil && len(uploadedLayerInfos) != len(m.m.FSLayers) {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: uploaded %d blobs, but schema1 manifest has %d fsLayers", len(uploadedLayerInfos), len(m.m.FSLayers))
 	}
-	if layerDiffIDs != nil && len(layerDiffIDs) != len(m.FSLayers) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: collected %d DiffID values, but schema1 manifest has %d fsLayers", len(layerDiffIDs), len(m.FSLayers))
+	if layerDiffIDs != nil && len(layerDiffIDs) != len(m.m.FSLayers) {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: collected %d DiffID values, but schema1 manifest has %d fsLayers", len(layerDiffIDs), len(m.m.FSLayers))
 	}
 
-	rootFS := rootFS{
-		Type:      "layers",
-		DiffIDs:   []digest.Digest{},
-		BaseLayer: "",
-	}
-	var layers []descriptor
-	history := make([]imageHistory, len(m.History))
-	for v1Index := len(m.History) - 1; v1Index >= 0; v1Index-- {
-		v2Index := (len(m.History) - 1) - v1Index
+	// Build a list of the diffIDs for the non-empty layers.
+	diffIDs := []digest.Digest{}
+	var layers []manifest.Schema2Descriptor
+	for v1Index := len(m.m.ExtractedV1Compatibility) - 1; v1Index >= 0; v1Index-- {
+		v2Index := (len(m.m.ExtractedV1Compatibility) - 1) - v1Index
 
-		var v1compat v1Compatibility
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(m.History[v1Index].V1Compatibility), &v1compat); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error decoding history entry %d", v1Index)
-		}
-		history[v2Index] = imageHistory{
-			Created:    v1compat.Created,
-			Author:     v1compat.Author,
-			CreatedBy:  strings.Join(v1compat.ContainerConfig.Cmd, " "),
-			Comment:    v1compat.Comment,
-			EmptyLayer: v1compat.ThrowAway,
-		}
-
-		if !v1compat.ThrowAway {
+		if !m.m.ExtractedV1Compatibility[v1Index].ThrowAway {
 			var size int64
 			if uploadedLayerInfos != nil {
 				size = uploadedLayerInfos[v2Index].Size
@@ -325,54 +180,23 @@ func (m *manifestSchema1) convertToManifestSchema2(uploadedLayerInfos []types.Bl
 			if layerDiffIDs != nil {
 				d = layerDiffIDs[v2Index]
 			}
-			layers = append(layers, descriptor{
+			layers = append(layers, manifest.Schema2Descriptor{
 				MediaType: "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
 				Size:      size,
-				Digest:    m.FSLayers[v1Index].BlobSum,
+				Digest:    m.m.FSLayers[v1Index].BlobSum,
 			})
-			rootFS.DiffIDs = append(rootFS.DiffIDs, d)
+			diffIDs = append(diffIDs, d)
 		}
 	}
-	configJSON, err := configJSONFromV1Config([]byte(m.History[0].V1Compatibility), rootFS, history)
+	configJSON, err := m.m.ToSchema2Config(diffIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	configDescriptor := descriptor{
+	configDescriptor := manifest.Schema2Descriptor{
 		MediaType: "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
 		Size:      int64(len(configJSON)),
 		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(configJSON),
 	}
 
-	m2 := manifestSchema2FromComponents(configDescriptor, nil, configJSON, layers)
-	return memoryImageFromManifest(m2), nil
-}
-
-func configJSONFromV1Config(v1ConfigJSON []byte, rootFS rootFS, history []imageHistory) ([]byte, error) {
-	// github.com/docker/docker/image/v1/imagev1.go:MakeConfigFromV1Config unmarshals and re-marshals the input if docker_version is < 1.8.3 to remove blank fields;
-	// we don't do that here. FIXME? Should we? AFAICT it would only affect the digest value of the schema2 manifest, and we don't particularly need that to be
-	// a consistently reproducible value.
-
-	// Preserve everything we don't specifically know about.
-	// (This must be a *json.RawMessage, even though *[]byte is fairly redundant, because only *RawMessage implements json.Marshaler.)
-	rawContents := map[string]*json.RawMessage{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(v1ConfigJSON, &rawContents); err != nil { // We have already unmarshaled it before, using a more detailed schema?!
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	delete(rawContents, "id")
-	delete(rawContents, "parent")
-	delete(rawContents, "Size")
-	delete(rawContents, "parent_id")
-	delete(rawContents, "layer_id")
-	delete(rawContents, "throwaway")
-
-	updates := map[string]interface{}{"rootfs": rootFS, "history": history}
-	for field, value := range updates {
-		encoded, err := json.Marshal(value)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		rawContents[field] = (*json.RawMessage)(&encoded)
-	}
-	return json.Marshal(rawContents)
+	return manifestSchema2FromComponents(configDescriptor, nil, configJSON, layers), nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/docker_schema2.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package image
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
@@ -17,73 +19,63 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// gzippedEmptyLayer is a gzip-compressed version of an empty tar file (1024 NULL bytes)
+// GzippedEmptyLayer is a gzip-compressed version of an empty tar file (1024 NULL bytes)
 // This comes from github.com/docker/distribution/manifest/schema1/config_builder.go; there is
 // a non-zero embedded timestamp; we could zero that, but that would just waste storage space
 // in registries, so let’s use the same values.
-var gzippedEmptyLayer = []byte{
+var GzippedEmptyLayer = []byte{
 	31, 139, 8, 0, 0, 9, 110, 136, 0, 255, 98, 24, 5, 163, 96, 20, 140, 88,
 	0, 8, 0, 0, 255, 255, 46, 175, 181, 239, 0, 4, 0, 0,
 }
 
-// gzippedEmptyLayerDigest is a digest of gzippedEmptyLayer
-const gzippedEmptyLayerDigest = digest.Digest("sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4")
-
-type descriptor struct {
-	MediaType string        `json:"mediaType"`
-	Size      int64         `json:"size"`
-	Digest    digest.Digest `json:"digest"`
-	URLs      []string      `json:"urls,omitempty"`
-}
+// GzippedEmptyLayerDigest is a digest of GzippedEmptyLayer
+const GzippedEmptyLayerDigest = digest.Digest("sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4")
 
 type manifestSchema2 struct {
-	src               types.ImageSource // May be nil if configBlob is not nil
-	configBlob        []byte            // If set, corresponds to contents of ConfigDescriptor.
-	SchemaVersion     int               `json:"schemaVersion"`
-	MediaType         string            `json:"mediaType"`
-	ConfigDescriptor  descriptor        `json:"config"`
-	LayersDescriptors []descriptor      `json:"layers"`
+	src        types.ImageSource // May be nil if configBlob is not nil
+	configBlob []byte            // If set, corresponds to contents of ConfigDescriptor.
+	m          *manifest.Schema2
 }
 
-func manifestSchema2FromManifest(src types.ImageSource, manifest []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
-	v2s2 := manifestSchema2{src: src}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(manifest, &v2s2); err != nil {
+func manifestSchema2FromManifest(src types.ImageSource, manifestBlob []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
+	m, err := manifest.Schema2FromManifest(manifestBlob)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &v2s2, nil
+	return &manifestSchema2{
+		src: src,
+		m:   m,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // manifestSchema2FromComponents builds a new manifestSchema2 from the supplied data:
-func manifestSchema2FromComponents(config descriptor, src types.ImageSource, configBlob []byte, layers []descriptor) genericManifest {
+func manifestSchema2FromComponents(config manifest.Schema2Descriptor, src types.ImageSource, configBlob []byte, layers []manifest.Schema2Descriptor) genericManifest {
 	return &manifestSchema2{
-		src:               src,
-		configBlob:        configBlob,
-		SchemaVersion:     2,
-		MediaType:         manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType,
-		ConfigDescriptor:  config,
-		LayersDescriptors: layers,
+		src:        src,
+		configBlob: configBlob,
+		m:          manifest.Schema2FromComponents(config, layers),
 	}
 }
 
 func (m *manifestSchema2) serialize() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(*m)
+	return m.m.Serialize()
 }
 
 func (m *manifestSchema2) manifestMIMEType() string {
-	return m.MediaType
+	return m.m.MediaType
 }
 
 // ConfigInfo returns a complete BlobInfo for the separate config object, or a BlobInfo{Digest:""} if there isn't a separate object.
 // Note that the config object may not exist in the underlying storage in the return value of UpdatedImage! Use ConfigBlob() below.
 func (m *manifestSchema2) ConfigInfo() types.BlobInfo {
-	return types.BlobInfo{Digest: m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest, Size: m.ConfigDescriptor.Size}
+	return m.m.ConfigInfo()
 }
 
 // OCIConfig returns the image configuration as per OCI v1 image-spec. Information about
 // layers in the resulting configuration isn't guaranteed to be returned to due how
 // old image manifests work (docker v2s1 especially).
-func (m *manifestSchema2) OCIConfig() (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
-	configBlob, err := m.ConfigBlob()
+func (m *manifestSchema2) OCIConfig(ctx context.Context) (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
+	configBlob, err := m.ConfigBlob(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -99,16 +91,12 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) OCIConfig() (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
 
 // ConfigBlob returns the blob described by ConfigInfo, iff ConfigInfo().Digest != ""; nil otherwise.
 // The result is cached; it is OK to call this however often you need.
-func (m *manifestSchema2) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m *manifestSchema2) ConfigBlob(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	if m.configBlob == nil {
 		if m.src == nil {
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: neither src nor configBlob set in manifestSchema2")
 		}
-		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(types.BlobInfo{
-			Digest: m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest,
-			Size:   m.ConfigDescriptor.Size,
-			URLs:   m.ConfigDescriptor.URLs,
-		})
+		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(ctx, manifest.BlobInfoFromSchema2Descriptor(m.m.ConfigDescriptor), none.NoCache)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -118,8 +106,8 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		computedDigest := digest.FromBytes(blob)
-		if computedDigest != m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Download config.json digest %s does not match expected %s", computedDigest, m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest)
+		if computedDigest != m.m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("Download config.json digest %s does not match expected %s", computedDigest, m.m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest)
 		}
 		m.configBlob = blob
 	}
@@ -130,15 +118,7 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
 // The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
 // WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
 func (m *manifestSchema2) LayerInfos() []types.BlobInfo {
-	blobs := []types.BlobInfo{}
-	for _, layer := range m.LayersDescriptors {
-		blobs = append(blobs, types.BlobInfo{
-			Digest: layer.Digest,
-			Size:   layer.Size,
-			URLs:   layer.URLs,
-		})
-	}
-	return blobs
+	return manifestLayerInfosToBlobInfos(m.m.LayerInfos())
 }
 
 // EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts whether a Docker reference embedded in the manifest, if any, conflicts with destination ref.
@@ -148,25 +128,20 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(ref reference.Named)
 	return false
 }
 
-func (m *manifestSchema2) imageInspectInfo() (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
-	config, err := m.ConfigBlob()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// Inspect returns various information for (skopeo inspect) parsed from the manifest and configuration.
+func (m *manifestSchema2) Inspect(ctx context.Context) (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
+	getter := func(info types.BlobInfo) ([]byte, error) {
+		if info.Digest != m.ConfigInfo().Digest {
+			// Shouldn't ever happen
+			return nil, errors.New("asked for a different config blob")
+		}
+		config, err := m.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return config, nil
 	}
-	v1 := &v1Image{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(config, v1); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	i := &types.ImageInspectInfo{
-		DockerVersion: v1.DockerVersion,
-		Created:       v1.Created,
-		Architecture:  v1.Architecture,
-		Os:            v1.OS,
-	}
-	if v1.Config != nil {
-		i.Labels = v1.Config.Labels
-	}
-	return i, nil
+	return m.m.Inspect(getter)
 }
 
 // UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs returns true iff UpdatedImage(options) needs InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs.
@@ -178,18 +153,15 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(options types.ManifestUp
 
 // UpdatedImage returns a types.Image modified according to options.
 // This does not change the state of the original Image object.
-func (m *manifestSchema2) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error) {
-	copy := *m // NOTE: This is not a deep copy, it still shares slices etc.
+func (m *manifestSchema2) UpdatedImage(ctx context.Context, options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error) {
+	copy := manifestSchema2{ // NOTE: This is not a deep copy, it still shares slices etc.
+		src:        m.src,
+		configBlob: m.configBlob,
+		m:          manifest.Schema2Clone(m.m),
+	}
 	if options.LayerInfos != nil {
-		if len(copy.LayersDescriptors) != len(options.LayerInfos) {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Error preparing updated manifest: layer count changed from %d to %d", len(copy.LayersDescriptors), len(options.LayerInfos))
-		}
-		copy.LayersDescriptors = make([]descriptor, len(options.LayerInfos))
-		for i, info := range options.LayerInfos {
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].MediaType = m.LayersDescriptors[i].MediaType
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].Digest = info.Digest
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].Size = info.Size
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].URLs = info.URLs
+		if err := copy.m.UpdateLayerInfos(options.LayerInfos); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	// Ignore options.EmbeddedDockerReference: it may be set when converting from schema1 to schema2, but we really don't care.
@@ -197,9 +169,9 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (typ
 	switch options.ManifestMIMEType {
 	case "": // No conversion, OK
 	case manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType, manifest.DockerV2Schema1MediaType:
-		return copy.convertToManifestSchema1(options.InformationOnly.Destination)
+		return copy.convertToManifestSchema1(ctx, options.InformationOnly.Destination)
 	case imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest:
-		return copy.convertToManifestOCI1()
+		return copy.convertToManifestOCI1(ctx)
 	default:
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("Conversion of image manifest from %s to %s is not implemented", manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType, options.ManifestMIMEType)
 	}
@@ -207,8 +179,17 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (typ
 	return memoryImageFromManifest(&copy), nil
 }
 
-func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestOCI1() (types.Image, error) {
-	configOCI, err := m.OCIConfig()
+func oci1DescriptorFromSchema2Descriptor(d manifest.Schema2Descriptor) imgspecv1.Descriptor {
+	return imgspecv1.Descriptor{
+		MediaType: d.MediaType,
+		Size:      d.Size,
+		Digest:    d.Digest,
+		URLs:      d.URLs,
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestOCI1(ctx context.Context) (types.Image, error) {
+	configOCI, err := m.OCIConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -217,18 +198,16 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestOCI1() (types.Image, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	config := descriptorOCI1{
-		descriptor: descriptor{
-			MediaType: imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageConfig,
-			Size:      int64(len(configOCIBytes)),
-			Digest:    digest.FromBytes(configOCIBytes),
-		},
+	config := imgspecv1.Descriptor{
+		MediaType: imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageConfig,
+		Size:      int64(len(configOCIBytes)),
+		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(configOCIBytes),
 	}
 
-	layers := make([]descriptorOCI1, len(m.LayersDescriptors))
+	layers := make([]imgspecv1.Descriptor, len(m.m.LayersDescriptors))
 	for idx := range layers {
-		layers[idx] = descriptorOCI1{descriptor: m.LayersDescriptors[idx]}
-		if m.LayersDescriptors[idx].MediaType == manifest.DockerV2Schema2ForeignLayerMediaType {
+		layers[idx] = oci1DescriptorFromSchema2Descriptor(m.m.LayersDescriptors[idx])
+		if m.m.LayersDescriptors[idx].MediaType == manifest.DockerV2Schema2ForeignLayerMediaType {
 			layers[idx].MediaType = imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageLayerNonDistributable
 		} else {
 			// we assume layers are gzip'ed because docker v2s2 only deals with
@@ -242,19 +221,19 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestOCI1() (types.Image, error) {
 }
 
 // Based on docker/distribution/manifest/schema1/config_builder.go
-func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(dest types.ImageDestination) (types.Image, error) {
-	configBytes, err := m.ConfigBlob()
+func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(ctx context.Context, dest types.ImageDestination) (types.Image, error) {
+	configBytes, err := m.ConfigBlob(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	imageConfig := &image{}
+	imageConfig := &manifest.Schema2Image{}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(configBytes, imageConfig); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Build fsLayers and History, discarding all configs. We will patch the top-level config in later.
-	fsLayers := make([]fsLayersSchema1, len(imageConfig.History))
-	history := make([]historySchema1, len(imageConfig.History))
+	fsLayers := make([]manifest.Schema1FSLayers, len(imageConfig.History))
+	history := make([]manifest.Schema1History, len(imageConfig.History))
 	nonemptyLayerIndex := 0
 	var parentV1ID string // Set in the loop
 	v1ID := ""
@@ -271,21 +250,23 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(dest types.ImageDestination)
 		if historyEntry.EmptyLayer {
 			if !haveGzippedEmptyLayer {
 				logrus.Debugf("Uploading empty layer during conversion to schema 1")
-				info, err := dest.PutBlob(bytes.NewReader(gzippedEmptyLayer), types.BlobInfo{Digest: gzippedEmptyLayerDigest, Size: int64(len(gzippedEmptyLayer))})
+				// Ideally we should update the relevant BlobInfoCache about this layer, but that would require passing it down here,
+				// and anyway this blob is so small that it’s easier to just copy it than to worry about figuring out another location where to get it.
+				info, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, bytes.NewReader(GzippedEmptyLayer), types.BlobInfo{Digest: GzippedEmptyLayerDigest, Size: int64(len(GzippedEmptyLayer))}, none.NoCache, false)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error uploading empty layer")
 				}
-				if info.Digest != gzippedEmptyLayerDigest {
-					return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: Uploaded empty layer has digest %#v instead of %s", info.Digest, gzippedEmptyLayerDigest)
+				if info.Digest != GzippedEmptyLayerDigest {
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: Uploaded empty layer has digest %#v instead of %s", info.Digest, GzippedEmptyLayerDigest)
 				}
 				haveGzippedEmptyLayer = true
 			}
-			blobDigest = gzippedEmptyLayerDigest
+			blobDigest = GzippedEmptyLayerDigest
 		} else {
-			if nonemptyLayerIndex >= len(m.LayersDescriptors) {
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid image configuration, needs more than the %d distributed layers", len(m.LayersDescriptors))
+			if nonemptyLayerIndex >= len(m.m.LayersDescriptors) {
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("Invalid image configuration, needs more than the %d distributed layers", len(m.m.LayersDescriptors))
 			}
-			blobDigest = m.LayersDescriptors[nonemptyLayerIndex].Digest
+			blobDigest = m.m.LayersDescriptors[nonemptyLayerIndex].Digest
 			nonemptyLayerIndex++
 		}
 
@@ -296,7 +277,7 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(dest types.ImageDestination)
 		}
 		v1ID = v
 
-		fakeImage := v1Compatibility{
+		fakeImage := manifest.Schema1V1Compatibility{
 			ID:        v1ID,
 			Parent:    parentV1ID,
 			Comment:   historyEntry.Comment,
@@ -310,8 +291,8 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(dest types.ImageDestination)
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: Error creating v1compatibility for %#v", fakeImage)
 		}
 
-		fsLayers[v1Index] = fsLayersSchema1{BlobSum: blobDigest}
-		history[v1Index] = historySchema1{V1Compatibility: string(v1CompatibilityBytes)}
+		fsLayers[v1Index] = manifest.Schema1FSLayers{BlobSum: blobDigest}
+		history[v1Index] = manifest.Schema1History{V1Compatibility: string(v1CompatibilityBytes)}
 		// Note that parentV1ID of the top layer is preserved when exiting this loop
 	}
 
@@ -326,7 +307,10 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(dest types.ImageDestination)
 	}
 	history[0].V1Compatibility = string(v1Config)
 
-	m1 := manifestSchema1FromComponents(dest.Reference().DockerReference(), fsLayers, history, imageConfig.Architecture)
+	m1, err := manifestSchema1FromComponents(dest.Reference().DockerReference(), fsLayers, history, imageConfig.Architecture)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err // This should never happen, we should have created all the components correctly.
+	}
 	return memoryImageFromManifest(m1), nil
 }
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/manifest.go

@@ -1,57 +1,15 @@
 package image
 
 import (
-	"time"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
-	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/strslice"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 )
 
-type config struct {
-	Cmd    strslice.StrSlice
-	Labels map[string]string
-}
-
-type v1Image struct {
-	ID              string    `json:"id,omitempty"`
-	Parent          string    `json:"parent,omitempty"`
-	Comment         string    `json:"comment,omitempty"`
-	Created         time.Time `json:"created"`
-	ContainerConfig *config   `json:"container_config,omitempty"`
-	DockerVersion   string    `json:"docker_version,omitempty"`
-	Author          string    `json:"author,omitempty"`
-	// Config is the configuration of the container received from the client
-	Config *config `json:"config,omitempty"`
-	// Architecture is the hardware that the image is build and runs on
-	Architecture string `json:"architecture,omitempty"`
-	// OS is the operating system used to build and run the image
-	OS string `json:"os,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type image struct {
-	v1Image
-	History []imageHistory `json:"history,omitempty"`
-	RootFS  *rootFS        `json:"rootfs,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type imageHistory struct {
-	Created    time.Time `json:"created"`
-	Author     string    `json:"author,omitempty"`
-	CreatedBy  string    `json:"created_by,omitempty"`
-	Comment    string    `json:"comment,omitempty"`
-	EmptyLayer bool      `json:"empty_layer,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type rootFS struct {
-	Type      string          `json:"type"`
-	DiffIDs   []digest.Digest `json:"diff_ids,omitempty"`
-	BaseLayer string          `json:"base_layer,omitempty"`
-}
-
 // genericManifest is an interface for parsing, modifying image manifests and related data.
 // Note that the public methods are intended to be a subset of types.Image
 // so that embedding a genericManifest into structs works.
@@ -64,11 +22,11 @@ type genericManifest interface {
 	ConfigInfo() types.BlobInfo
 	// ConfigBlob returns the blob described by ConfigInfo, iff ConfigInfo().Digest != ""; nil otherwise.
 	// The result is cached; it is OK to call this however often you need.
-	ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error)
+	ConfigBlob(context.Context) ([]byte, error)
 	// OCIConfig returns the image configuration as per OCI v1 image-spec. Information about
 	// layers in the resulting configuration isn't guaranteed to be returned to due how
 	// old image manifests work (docker v2s1 especially).
-	OCIConfig() (*imgspecv1.Image, error)
+	OCIConfig(context.Context) (*imgspecv1.Image, error)
 	// LayerInfos returns a list of BlobInfos of layers referenced by this image, in order (the root layer first, and then successive layered layers).
 	// The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
 	// WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
@@ -77,53 +35,39 @@ type genericManifest interface {
 	// It returns false if the manifest does not embed a Docker reference.
 	// (This embedding unfortunately happens for Docker schema1, please do not add support for this in any new formats.)
 	EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(ref reference.Named) bool
-	imageInspectInfo() (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) // To be called by inspectManifest
+	// Inspect returns various information for (skopeo inspect) parsed from the manifest and configuration.
+	Inspect(context.Context) (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error)
 	// UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs returns true iff UpdatedImage(options) needs InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs.
 	// This is a horribly specific interface, but computing InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs can be very expensive to compute
 	// (most importantly it forces us to download the full layers even if they are already present at the destination).
 	UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) bool
 	// UpdatedImage returns a types.Image modified according to options.
 	// This does not change the state of the original Image object.
-	UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error)
+	UpdatedImage(ctx context.Context, options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error)
 }
 
-func manifestInstanceFromBlob(src types.ImageSource, manblob []byte, mt string) (genericManifest, error) {
-	switch mt {
-	// "application/json" is a valid v2s1 value per https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/spec/manifest-v2-1.md .
-	// This works for now, when nothing else seems to return "application/json"; if that were not true, the mapping/detection might
-	// need to happen within the ImageSource.
-	case manifest.DockerV2Schema1MediaType, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType, "application/json":
+// manifestInstanceFromBlob returns a genericManifest implementation for (manblob, mt) in src.
+// If manblob is a manifest list, it implicitly chooses an appropriate image from the list.
+func manifestInstanceFromBlob(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, src types.ImageSource, manblob []byte, mt string) (genericManifest, error) {
+	switch manifest.NormalizedMIMEType(mt) {
+	case manifest.DockerV2Schema1MediaType, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType:
 		return manifestSchema1FromManifest(manblob)
 	case imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest:
 		return manifestOCI1FromManifest(src, manblob)
 	case manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType:
 		return manifestSchema2FromManifest(src, manblob)
 	case manifest.DockerV2ListMediaType:
-		return manifestSchema2FromManifestList(src, manblob)
-	default:
-		// If it's not a recognized manifest media type, or we have failed determining the type, we'll try one last time
-		// to deserialize using v2s1 as per https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/manifests.go#L108
-		// and https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/manifest/schema1/manifest.go#L50
-		//
-		// Crane registries can also return "text/plain", or pretty much anything else depending on a file extension “recognized” in the tag.
-		// This makes no real sense, but it happens
-		// because requests for manifests are
-		// redirected to a content distribution
-		// network which is configured that way. See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1389442
-		return manifestSchema1FromManifest(manblob)
+		return manifestSchema2FromManifestList(ctx, sys, src, manblob)
+	default: // Note that this may not be reachable, manifest.NormalizedMIMEType has a default for unknown values.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unimplemented manifest MIME type %s", mt)
 	}
 }
 
-// inspectManifest is an implementation of types.Image.Inspect
-func inspectManifest(m genericManifest) (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
-	info, err := m.imageInspectInfo()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	layers := m.LayerInfos()
-	info.Layers = make([]string, len(layers))
+// manifestLayerInfosToBlobInfos extracts a []types.BlobInfo from a []manifest.LayerInfo.
+func manifestLayerInfosToBlobInfos(layers []manifest.LayerInfo) []types.BlobInfo {
+	blobs := make([]types.BlobInfo, len(layers))
 	for i, layer := range layers {
-		info.Layers[i] = layer.Digest.String()
+		blobs[i] = layer.BlobInfo
 	}
-	return info, nil
+	return blobs
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/memory.go

@@ -33,18 +33,13 @@ func (i *memoryImage) Reference() types.ImageReference {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Close removes resources associated with an initialized UnparsedImage, if any.
-func (i *memoryImage) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Size returns the size of the image as stored, if known, or -1 if not.
 func (i *memoryImage) Size() (int64, error) {
 	return -1, nil
 }
 
 // Manifest is like ImageSource.GetManifest, but the result is cached; it is OK to call this however often you need.
-func (i *memoryImage) Manifest() ([]byte, string, error) {
+func (i *memoryImage) Manifest(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, string, error) {
 	if i.serializedManifest == nil {
 		m, err := i.genericManifest.serialize()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -62,12 +57,9 @@ func (i *memoryImage) Signatures(ctx context.Context) ([][]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errors.New("Internal error: Image.Signatures() is not supported for images modified in memory")
 }
 
-// Inspect returns various information for (skopeo inspect) parsed from the manifest and configuration.
-func (i *memoryImage) Inspect() (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
-	return inspectManifest(i.genericManifest)
-}
-
-// IsMultiImage returns true if the image's manifest is a list of images, false otherwise.
-func (i *memoryImage) IsMultiImage() bool {
-	return false
+// LayerInfosForCopy returns an updated set of layer blob information which may not match the manifest.
+// The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
+// WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
+func (i *memoryImage) LayerInfosForCopy(ctx context.Context) ([]types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	return nil, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/oci.go

@@ -1,52 +1,47 @@
 package image
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io/ioutil"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-type descriptorOCI1 struct {
-	descriptor
-	Annotations map[string]string `json:"annotations,omitempty"`
-}
-
 type manifestOCI1 struct {
-	src               types.ImageSource // May be nil if configBlob is not nil
-	configBlob        []byte            // If set, corresponds to contents of ConfigDescriptor.
-	SchemaVersion     int               `json:"schemaVersion"`
-	ConfigDescriptor  descriptorOCI1    `json:"config"`
-	LayersDescriptors []descriptorOCI1  `json:"layers"`
-	Annotations       map[string]string `json:"annotations,omitempty"`
+	src        types.ImageSource // May be nil if configBlob is not nil
+	configBlob []byte            // If set, corresponds to contents of m.Config.
+	m          *manifest.OCI1
 }
 
-func manifestOCI1FromManifest(src types.ImageSource, manifest []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
-	oci := manifestOCI1{src: src}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(manifest, &oci); err != nil {
+func manifestOCI1FromManifest(src types.ImageSource, manifestBlob []byte) (genericManifest, error) {
+	m, err := manifest.OCI1FromManifest(manifestBlob)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &oci, nil
+	return &manifestOCI1{
+		src: src,
+		m:   m,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // manifestOCI1FromComponents builds a new manifestOCI1 from the supplied data:
-func manifestOCI1FromComponents(config descriptorOCI1, src types.ImageSource, configBlob []byte, layers []descriptorOCI1) genericManifest {
+func manifestOCI1FromComponents(config imgspecv1.Descriptor, src types.ImageSource, configBlob []byte, layers []imgspecv1.Descriptor) genericManifest {
 	return &manifestOCI1{
-		src:               src,
-		configBlob:        configBlob,
-		SchemaVersion:     2,
-		ConfigDescriptor:  config,
-		LayersDescriptors: layers,
+		src:        src,
+		configBlob: configBlob,
+		m:          manifest.OCI1FromComponents(config, layers),
 	}
 }
 
 func (m *manifestOCI1) serialize() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(*m)
+	return m.m.Serialize()
 }
 
 func (m *manifestOCI1) manifestMIMEType() string {
@@ -56,21 +51,17 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) manifestMIMEType() string {
 // ConfigInfo returns a complete BlobInfo for the separate config object, or a BlobInfo{Digest:""} if there isn't a separate object.
 // Note that the config object may not exist in the underlying storage in the return value of UpdatedImage! Use ConfigBlob() below.
 func (m *manifestOCI1) ConfigInfo() types.BlobInfo {
-	return types.BlobInfo{Digest: m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest, Size: m.ConfigDescriptor.Size, Annotations: m.ConfigDescriptor.Annotations}
+	return m.m.ConfigInfo()
 }
 
 // ConfigBlob returns the blob described by ConfigInfo, iff ConfigInfo().Digest != ""; nil otherwise.
 // The result is cached; it is OK to call this however often you need.
-func (m *manifestOCI1) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m *manifestOCI1) ConfigBlob(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	if m.configBlob == nil {
 		if m.src == nil {
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: neither src nor configBlob set in manifestOCI1")
 		}
-		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(types.BlobInfo{
-			Digest: m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest,
-			Size:   m.ConfigDescriptor.Size,
-			URLs:   m.ConfigDescriptor.URLs,
-		})
+		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(ctx, manifest.BlobInfoFromOCI1Descriptor(m.m.Config), none.NoCache)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -80,8 +71,8 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		computedDigest := digest.FromBytes(blob)
-		if computedDigest != m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Download config.json digest %s does not match expected %s", computedDigest, m.ConfigDescriptor.Digest)
+		if computedDigest != m.m.Config.Digest {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("Download config.json digest %s does not match expected %s", computedDigest, m.m.Config.Digest)
 		}
 		m.configBlob = blob
 	}
@@ -91,8 +82,8 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) ConfigBlob() ([]byte, error) {
 // OCIConfig returns the image configuration as per OCI v1 image-spec. Information about
 // layers in the resulting configuration isn't guaranteed to be returned to due how
 // old image manifests work (docker v2s1 especially).
-func (m *manifestOCI1) OCIConfig() (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
-	cb, err := m.ConfigBlob()
+func (m *manifestOCI1) OCIConfig(ctx context.Context) (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
+	cb, err := m.ConfigBlob(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -107,11 +98,7 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) OCIConfig() (*imgspecv1.Image, error) {
 // The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
 // WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
 func (m *manifestOCI1) LayerInfos() []types.BlobInfo {
-	blobs := []types.BlobInfo{}
-	for _, layer := range m.LayersDescriptors {
-		blobs = append(blobs, types.BlobInfo{Digest: layer.Digest, Size: layer.Size, Annotations: layer.Annotations, URLs: layer.URLs, MediaType: layer.MediaType})
-	}
-	return blobs
+	return manifestLayerInfosToBlobInfos(m.m.LayerInfos())
 }
 
 // EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts whether a Docker reference embedded in the manifest, if any, conflicts with destination ref.
@@ -121,25 +108,20 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) EmbeddedDockerReferenceConflicts(ref reference.Named) boo
 	return false
 }
 
-func (m *manifestOCI1) imageInspectInfo() (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
-	config, err := m.ConfigBlob()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// Inspect returns various information for (skopeo inspect) parsed from the manifest and configuration.
+func (m *manifestOCI1) Inspect(ctx context.Context) (*types.ImageInspectInfo, error) {
+	getter := func(info types.BlobInfo) ([]byte, error) {
+		if info.Digest != m.ConfigInfo().Digest {
+			// Shouldn't ever happen
+			return nil, errors.New("asked for a different config blob")
+		}
+		config, err := m.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return config, nil
 	}
-	v1 := &v1Image{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(config, v1); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	i := &types.ImageInspectInfo{
-		DockerVersion: v1.DockerVersion,
-		Created:       v1.Created,
-		Architecture:  v1.Architecture,
-		Os:            v1.OS,
-	}
-	if v1.Config != nil {
-		i.Labels = v1.Config.Labels
-	}
-	return i, nil
+	return m.m.Inspect(getter)
 }
 
 // UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs returns true iff UpdatedImage(options) needs InformationOnly.LayerDiffIDs.
@@ -151,25 +133,31 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) UpdatedImageNeedsLayerDiffIDs(options types.ManifestUpdat
 
 // UpdatedImage returns a types.Image modified according to options.
 // This does not change the state of the original Image object.
-func (m *manifestOCI1) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error) {
-	copy := *m // NOTE: This is not a deep copy, it still shares slices etc.
+func (m *manifestOCI1) UpdatedImage(ctx context.Context, options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.Image, error) {
+	copy := manifestOCI1{ // NOTE: This is not a deep copy, it still shares slices etc.
+		src:        m.src,
+		configBlob: m.configBlob,
+		m:          manifest.OCI1Clone(m.m),
+	}
 	if options.LayerInfos != nil {
-		if len(copy.LayersDescriptors) != len(options.LayerInfos) {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Error preparing updated manifest: layer count changed from %d to %d", len(copy.LayersDescriptors), len(options.LayerInfos))
-		}
-		copy.LayersDescriptors = make([]descriptorOCI1, len(options.LayerInfos))
-		for i, info := range options.LayerInfos {
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].MediaType = m.LayersDescriptors[i].MediaType
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].Digest = info.Digest
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].Size = info.Size
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].Annotations = info.Annotations
-			copy.LayersDescriptors[i].URLs = info.URLs
+		if err := copy.m.UpdateLayerInfos(options.LayerInfos); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	// Ignore options.EmbeddedDockerReference: it may be set when converting from schema1, but we really don't care.
 
 	switch options.ManifestMIMEType {
 	case "": // No conversion, OK
+	case manifest.DockerV2Schema1MediaType, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType:
+		// We can't directly convert to V1, but we can transitively convert via a V2 image
+		m2, err := copy.convertToManifestSchema2()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return m2.UpdatedImage(ctx, types.ManifestUpdateOptions{
+			ManifestMIMEType: options.ManifestMIMEType,
+			InformationOnly:  options.InformationOnly,
+		})
 	case manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType:
 		return copy.convertToManifestSchema2()
 	default:
@@ -179,17 +167,26 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) UpdatedImage(options types.ManifestUpdateOptions) (types.
 	return memoryImageFromManifest(&copy), nil
 }
 
+func schema2DescriptorFromOCI1Descriptor(d imgspecv1.Descriptor) manifest.Schema2Descriptor {
+	return manifest.Schema2Descriptor{
+		MediaType: d.MediaType,
+		Size:      d.Size,
+		Digest:    d.Digest,
+		URLs:      d.URLs,
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *manifestOCI1) convertToManifestSchema2() (types.Image, error) {
 	// Create a copy of the descriptor.
-	config := m.ConfigDescriptor.descriptor
+	config := schema2DescriptorFromOCI1Descriptor(m.m.Config)
 
 	// The only difference between OCI and DockerSchema2 is the mediatypes. The
 	// media type of the manifest is handled by manifestSchema2FromComponents.
 	config.MediaType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2ConfigMediaType
 
-	layers := make([]descriptor, len(m.LayersDescriptors))
+	layers := make([]manifest.Schema2Descriptor, len(m.m.Layers))
 	for idx := range layers {
-		layers[idx] = m.LayersDescriptors[idx].descriptor
+		layers[idx] = schema2DescriptorFromOCI1Descriptor(m.m.Layers[idx])
 		layers[idx].MediaType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2LayerMediaType
 	}