Bump to version v0.1.37

Signed-off-by: Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-/docs/skopeo.1
+*.1
 /layers-*
 /skopeo

.travis.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+language: go
 
 matrix:
   include:
@@ -21,4 +22,4 @@ install:
 
 script:
   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]];   then hack/travis_osx.sh ; fi
-  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then make check ; fi
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then make vendor && ./hack/tree_status.sh && make check ; fi

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -115,6 +115,35 @@ Use your real name (sorry, no pseudonyms or anonymous contributions.)
 If you set your `user.name` and `user.email` git configs, you can sign your
 commit automatically with `git commit -s`.
 
+### Dependencies management
+
+Make sure [`vndr`](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) is installed.
+
+In order to add a new dependency to this project:
+
+- add a new line to `vendor.conf` according to `vndr` rules (e.g. `github.com/pkg/errors master`)
+- run `make vendor`
+
+In order to update an existing dependency:
+
+- update the relevant dependency line in `vendor.conf`
+- run `make vendor`
+
+When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `skopeo` (i.e. `containers/image` tests fail in `make test-skopeo`):
+
+- create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
+- update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
+- run `make vendor`
+- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
+- optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
+- submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
+- iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed
+- then the original `containers/image` PR can be merged, disregarding its `make test-skopeo` failure
+- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, restore the `containers/image` line in `vendor.conf` to use `containers/image:master`
+- run `make vendor`
+- update the skopeo PR with the result, drop the “DO NOT MERGE” marking
+- after tests complete succcesfully again, merge the skopeo PR
+
 ## Communications
 
 For general questions, or discussions, please use the 

Dockerfile

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ RUN dnf -y update && dnf install -y make git golang golang-github-cpuguy83-go-md
 	gnupg \
 	# OpenShift deps
 	which tar wget hostname util-linux bsdtar socat ethtool device-mapper iptables tree findutils nmap-ncat e2fsprogs xfsprogs lsof docker iproute \
+        bats jq podman \
 	&& dnf clean all
 
 # Install two versions of the registry. The first is an older version that

Dockerfile.build

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-FROM ubuntu:17.10
+FROM ubuntu:18.10
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     golang \
-    btrfs-tools \
+    libbtrfs-dev \
     git-core \
     libdevmapper-dev \
     libgpgme11-dev \

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: all binary build-container docs build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration vendor
+.PHONY: all binary build-container docs docs-in-container build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration .install.vndr vendor
 
 export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1
 
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR=${DESTDIR}/etc/containers
 REGISTRIESDDIR=${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}/registries.d
 SIGSTOREDIR=${DESTDIR}/var/lib/atomic/sigstore
 BASHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/bash-completion/completions
-GO_MD2MAN ?= go-md2man
 GO ?= go
 CONTAINER_RUNTIME := $(shell command -v podman 2> /dev/null || echo docker)
+GOMD2MAN ?= $(shell command -v go-md2man || echo '$(GOBIN)/go-md2man')
 
 ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
   override GOGCFLAGS += -N -l
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(shell go env GOOS), linux)
+ifeq ($(shell $(GO) env GOOS), linux)
   GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
 endif
 
@@ -50,10 +50,12 @@ CONTAINER_RUN := $(CONTAINER_CMD) "$(IMAGE)"
 GIT_COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
 
 MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
+MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
 
-BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh)
+BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
 LIBDM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libdm_tag.sh)
-LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(DARWIN_BUILD_TAG)
+OSTREE_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/ostree_tag.sh)
+LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(OSTREE_BUILD_TAG) $(DARWIN_BUILD_TAG)
 BUILDTAGS += $(LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS)
 
 ifeq ($(DISABLE_CGO), 1)
@@ -64,7 +66,20 @@ endif
 #     Note: Uses the -N -l go compiler options to disable compiler optimizations
 #           and inlining. Using these build options allows you to subsequently
 #           use source debugging tools like delve.
-all: binary docs
+all: binary docs-in-container
+
+help:
+	@echo "Usage: make <target>"
+	@echo
+	@echo " * 'install' - Install binaries and documents to system locations"
+	@echo " * 'binary' - Build skopeo with a container"
+	@echo " * 'binary-local' - Build skopeo locally"
+	@echo " * 'test-unit' - Execute unit tests"
+	@echo " * 'test-integration' - Execute integration tests"
+	@echo " * 'validate' - Verify whether there is no conflict and all Go source files have been formatted, linted and vetted"
+	@echo " * 'check' - Including above validate, test-integration and test-unit"
+	@echo " * 'shell' - Run the built image and attach to a shell"
+	@echo " * 'clean' - Clean artifacts"
 
 # Build a container image (skopeobuild) that has everything we need to build.
 # Then do the build and the output (skopeo) should appear in current dir
@@ -88,10 +103,15 @@ binary-local-static:
 build-container:
 	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -t "$(IMAGE)" .
 
-docs/%.1: docs/%.1.md
-	$(GO_MD2MAN) -in $< -out $@.tmp && touch $@.tmp && mv $@.tmp $@
+$(MANPAGES): %: %.md
+	@sed -e 's/\((skopeo.*\.md)\)//' -e 's/\[\(skopeo.*\)\]/\1/' $<  | $(GOMD2MAN) -in /dev/stdin -out $@
 
-docs: $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
+docs: $(MANPAGES)
+
+docs-in-container:
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
+		skopeobuildimage make docs $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 clean:
 	rm -f skopeo docs/*.1
@@ -107,9 +127,9 @@ install-binary: ./skopeo
 	install -d -m 755 ${INSTALLDIR}
 	install -m 755 skopeo ${INSTALLDIR}/skopeo
 
-install-docs: docs/skopeo.1
+install-docs: docs
 	install -d -m 755 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1
-	install -m 644 docs/skopeo.1 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1/skopeo.1
+	install -m 644 docs/*.1 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1/
 
 install-completions:
 	install -m 755 -d ${BASHINSTALLDIR}
@@ -118,12 +138,23 @@ install-completions:
 shell: build-container
 	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash
 
-check: validate test-unit test-integration
+check: validate test-unit test-integration test-system
 
 # The tests can run out of entropy and block in containers, so replace /dev/random.
 test-integration: build-container
 	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash -c 'rm -f /dev/random; ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random; SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-integration'
 
+# complicated set of options needed to run podman-in-podman
+test-system: build-container
+	DTEMP=$(shell mktemp -d --tmpdir=/var/tmp podman-tmp.XXXXXX); \
+	$(CONTAINER_CMD) --privileged --net=host \
+	    -v $$DTEMP:/var/lib/containers:Z \
+            "$(IMAGE)" \
+            bash -c 'BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-system'; \
+	rc=$$?; \
+	$(RM) -rf $$DTEMP; \
+	exit $$rc
+
 test-unit: build-container
 	# Just call (make test unit-local) here instead of worrying about environment differences, e.g. GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT.
 	$(CONTAINER_RUN) make test-unit-local BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
@@ -140,5 +171,10 @@ validate-local:
 test-unit-local:
 	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) test -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/containers/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
 
-vendor: vendor.conf
-	vndr -whitelist '^github.com/containers/image/docs/.*'
+.install.vndr:
+	$(GO) get -u github.com/LK4D4/vndr
+
+vendor: vendor.conf .install.vndr
+	$(GOPATH)/bin/vndr \
+		-whitelist '^github.com/containers/image/docs/.*' \
+		-whitelist '^github.com/containers/image/registries.conf'

README.md

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Building without a container requires a bit more manual work and setup in your e
 Install the necessary dependencies:
 ```sh
 Fedora$ sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel ostree-devel
-Ubuntu$ sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev btrfs-progs libdevmapper-dev libostree-dev
+Ubuntu$ sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev libostree-dev
 macOS$ brew install gpgme
 ```
 
@@ -229,34 +229,7 @@ NOT TODO
 CONTRIBUTING
 -
 
-### Dependencies management
-
-Make sure [`vndr`](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) is installed.
-
-In order to add a new dependency to this project:
-
-- add a new line to `vendor.conf` according to `vndr` rules (e.g. `github.com/pkg/errors master`)
-- run `make vendor`
-
-In order to update an existing dependency:
-
-- update the relevant dependency line in `vendor.conf`
-- run `make vendor`
-
-When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `skopeo` (i.e. `containers/image` tests fail in `make test-skopeo`):
-
-- create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
-- update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
-- run `make vendor`
-- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
-- optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
-- submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
-- iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed
-- then the original `containers/image` PR can be merged, disregarding its `make test-skopeo` failure
-- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, restore the `containers/image` line in `vendor.conf` to use `containers/image:master`
-- run `make vendor`
-- update the skopeo PR with the result, drop the “DO NOT MERGE” marking
-- after tests complete succcesfully again, merge the skopeo PR
+Please read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) if you want to collaborate in the project.
 
 License
 -

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ type copyOptions struct {
 	removeSignatures  bool            // Do not copy signatures from the source image
 	signByFingerprint string          // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
 	format            optionalString  // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
+	quiet             bool            // Suppress output information when copying images
+
 }
 
 func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
@@ -55,6 +57,11 @@ func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
 				Usage: "additional tags (supports docker-archive)",
 				Value: &opts.additionalTags, // Surprisingly StringSliceFlag does not support Destination:, but modifies Value: in place.
 			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "quiet, q",
+				Usage:       "Suppress output information when copying images",
+				Destination: &opts.quiet,
+			},
 			cli.BoolFlag{
 				Name:        "remove-signatures",
 				Usage:       "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE",
@@ -78,6 +85,11 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	if len(args) != 2 {
 		return errorShouldDisplayUsage{errors.New("Exactly two arguments expected")}
 	}
+	imageNames := args
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	policyContext, err := opts.global.getPolicyContext()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -85,13 +97,13 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	}
 	defer policyContext.Destroy()
 
-	srcRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(args[0])
+	srcRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[0])
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", args[0], err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", imageNames[0], err)
 	}
-	destRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(args[1])
+	destRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[1])
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid destination name %s: %v", args[1], err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid destination name %s: %v", imageNames[1], err)
 	}
 
 	sourceCtx, err := opts.srcImage.newSystemContext()
@@ -132,6 +144,9 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
 
+	if opts.quiet {
+		stdout = nil
+	}
 	_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
 		RemoveSignatures:      opts.removeSignatures,
 		SignBy:                opts.signByFingerprint,

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -44,10 +44,15 @@ func (opts *deleteOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	if len(args) != 1 {
 		return errors.New("Usage: delete imageReference")
 	}
+	imageName := args[0]
 
-	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(args[0])
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", args[0], err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", imageName, err)
 	}
 
 	sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ type inspectOptions struct {
 	global *globalOptions
 	image  *imageOptions
 	raw    bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
+	config bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
 }
 
 func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
@@ -58,9 +59,14 @@ func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
 		Flags: append(append([]cli.Flag{
 			cli.BoolFlag{
 				Name:        "raw",
-				Usage:       "output raw manifest",
+				Usage:       "output raw manifest or configuration",
 				Destination: &opts.raw,
 			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "config",
+				Usage:       "output configuration",
+				Destination: &opts.config,
+			},
 		}, sharedFlags...), imageFlags...),
 		Action: commandAction(opts.run),
 	}
@@ -73,7 +79,13 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 	if len(args) != 1 {
 		return errors.New("Exactly one argument expected")
 	}
-	img, err := parseImage(ctx, opts.image, args[0])
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	img, err := parseImage(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -88,12 +100,32 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if opts.raw {
+	if opts.config && opts.raw {
+		configBlob, err := img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading configuration blob: %v", err)
+		}
+		_, err = stdout.Write(configBlob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing configuration blob to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	} else if opts.raw {
 		_, err := stdout.Write(rawManifest)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing manifest to standard output: %v", err)
 		}
 		return nil
+	} else if opts.config {
+		config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data: %v", err)
+		}
+		err = json.NewEncoder(stdout).Encode(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing OCI-formatted configuration data to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
 	}
 	imgInspect, err := img.Inspect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 	if len(args) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("Usage: layers imageReference [layer...]")
 	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		return err
 	}
 	cache := blobinfocache.DefaultCache(sys)
-	rawSource, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, args[0])
+	rawSource, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

cmd/skopeo/main.go

@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@ import (
 var gitCommit = ""
 
 type globalOptions struct {
-	debug             bool          // Enable debug output
-	tlsVerify         optionalBool  // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
-	policyPath        string        // Path to a signature verification policy file
-	insecurePolicy    bool          // Use an "allow everything" signature verification policy
-	registriesDirPath string        // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuratio directory
-	overrideArch      string        // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
-	overrideOS        string        // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
-	commandTimeout    time.Duration // Timeout for the command execution
+	debug              bool          // Enable debug output
+	tlsVerify          optionalBool  // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	policyPath         string        // Path to a signature verification policy file
+	insecurePolicy     bool          // Use an "allow everything" signature verification policy
+	registriesDirPath  string        // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuratio directory
+	overrideArch       string        // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	overrideOS         string        // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	commandTimeout     time.Duration // Timeout for the command execution
+	registriesConfPath string        // Path to the "registries.conf" file
 }
 
 // createApp returns a cli.App, and the underlying globalOptions object, to be run or tested.
@@ -83,6 +84,12 @@ func createApp() (*cli.App, *globalOptions) {
 			Usage:       "timeout for the command execution",
 			Destination: &opts.commandTimeout,
 		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "registries-conf",
+			Usage:       "path to the registries.conf file",
+			Destination: &opts.registriesConfPath,
+			Hidden:      true,
+		},
 	}
 	app.Before = opts.before
 	app.Commands = []cli.Command{
@@ -99,7 +106,7 @@ func createApp() (*cli.App, *globalOptions) {
 }
 
 // before is run by the cli package for any command, before running the command-specific handler.
-func (opts *globalOptions) before(_ *cli.Context) error {
+func (opts *globalOptions) before(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if opts.debug {
 		logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
 	}

cmd/skopeo/unshare.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package main
+
+func maybeReexec() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(inputImageNames ...string) error {
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/unshare_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare"
+	"github.com/containers/image/storage"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
+)
+
+var neededCapabilities = []capability.Cap{
+	capability.CAP_CHOWN,
+	capability.CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE,
+	capability.CAP_FOWNER,
+	capability.CAP_FSETID,
+	capability.CAP_MKNOD,
+	capability.CAP_SETFCAP,
+}
+
+func maybeReexec() error {
+	// With Skopeo we need only the subset of the root capabilities necessary
+	// for pulling an image to the storage.  Do not attempt to create a namespace
+	// if we already have the capabilities we need.
+	capabilities, err := capability.NewPid(0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading the current capabilities sets")
+	}
+	for _, cap := range neededCapabilities {
+		if !capabilities.Get(capability.EFFECTIVE, cap) {
+			// We miss a capability we need, create a user namespaces
+			unshare.MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(true)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames ...string) error {
+	// Check if container-storage are used before doing unshare
+	for _, imageName := range imageNames {
+		transport := alltransports.TransportFromImageName(imageName)
+		if transport != nil && transport.Name() == storage.Transport.Name() {
+			return maybeReexec()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ type imageOptions struct {
 	tlsVerify        optionalBool        // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
 	sharedBlobDir    string              // A directory to use for OCI blobs, shared across repositories
 	dockerDaemonHost string              // docker-daemon: host to connect to
+	noCreds          bool                // Access the registry anonymously
 }
 
 // imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
@@ -101,6 +102,11 @@ func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, c
 			Usage:       "use docker daemon host at `HOST` (docker-daemon: only)",
 			Destination: &opts.dockerDaemonHost,
 		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "no-creds",
+			Usage:       "Access the registry anonymously",
+			Destination: &opts.noCreds,
+		},
 	}, &opts
 }
 
@@ -108,14 +114,15 @@ func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, c
 // It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
 func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	ctx := &types.SystemContext{
-		RegistriesDirPath:    opts.global.registriesDirPath,
-		ArchitectureChoice:   opts.global.overrideArch,
-		OSChoice:             opts.global.overrideOS,
-		DockerCertPath:       opts.dockerCertPath,
-		OCISharedBlobDirPath: opts.sharedBlobDir,
-		AuthFilePath:         opts.shared.authFilePath,
-		DockerDaemonHost:     opts.dockerDaemonHost,
-		DockerDaemonCertPath: opts.dockerCertPath,
+		RegistriesDirPath:        opts.global.registriesDirPath,
+		ArchitectureChoice:       opts.global.overrideArch,
+		OSChoice:                 opts.global.overrideOS,
+		DockerCertPath:           opts.dockerCertPath,
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:     opts.sharedBlobDir,
+		AuthFilePath:             opts.shared.authFilePath,
+		DockerDaemonHost:         opts.dockerDaemonHost,
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:     opts.dockerCertPath,
+		SystemRegistriesConfPath: opts.global.registriesConfPath,
 	}
 	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
 		ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !opts.tlsVerify.value
@@ -127,6 +134,9 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
 		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
 	}
+	if opts.credsOption.present && opts.noCreds {
+		return nil, errors.New("creds and no-creds cannot be specified at the same time")
+	}
 	if opts.credsOption.present {
 		var err error
 		ctx.DockerAuthConfig, err = getDockerAuth(opts.credsOption.value)
@@ -134,6 +144,9 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	if opts.noCreds {
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig = &types.DockerAuthConfig{}
+	}
 	return ctx, nil
 }
 

completions/bash/skopeo

@@ -5,20 +5,37 @@
 _complete_() {
     local options_with_args=$1
     local boolean_options="$2 -h --help"
+    local transports=$3
 
-    case "$prev" in
-	$options_with_args)
-	    return
-	    ;;
-    esac
+    local option_with_args
+    for option_with_args in $options_with_args $transports
+    do
+        if [ "$option_with_args" == "$prev" -o "$option_with_args" == "$cur" ]
+        then
+            return
+        fi
+    done
 
     case "$cur" in
-	-*)
-	    COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
-	    ;;
+        -*)
+            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
+            ;;
+        *)
+            if [ -n "$transports" ]
+            then
+                compopt -o nospace
+                COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$transports" -- "$cur" ) )
+            fi
+            ;;
     esac
 }
 
+_skopeo_supported_transports() {
+    local subcommand=$1
+
+    ${PROG} $subcommand --help | grep "Supported transports" -A 1 | tail -n 1 | sed -e 's/,/:/g' -e 's/$/:/'
+}
+
 _skopeo_copy() {
     local options_with_args="
     --authfile
@@ -38,9 +55,15 @@ _skopeo_copy() {
     local boolean_options="
     --dest-compress
     --remove-signatures
+    --src-no-creds
+    --dest-no-creds
     "
 
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
 }
 
 _skopeo_inspect() {
@@ -50,15 +73,22 @@ _skopeo_inspect() {
      --cert-dir
      "
      local boolean_options="
+     --config
      --raw
      --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
 }
 
 _skopeo_standalone_sign() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   -o --output
+       -o --output
      "
      local boolean_options="
      "
@@ -89,50 +119,56 @@ _skopeo_delete() {
      "
      local boolean_options="
      --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
      "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
 }
 
 _skopeo_layers() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   --creds
-	   --cert-dir
+       --creds
+       --cert-dir
      "
      local boolean_options="
-	   --tls-verify
+       --tls-verify
      "
     _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
 }
 
 _skopeo_skopeo() {
      local options_with_args="
-	   --policy
-	   --registries.d
+       --policy
+       --registries.d
        --override-arch
        --override-os
        --command-timeout
      "
      local boolean_options="
-	   --insecure-policy
-	   --debug
-	   --version -v
-	   --help -h
+       --insecure-policy
+       --debug
+       --version -v
+       --help -h
      "
      commands=$( ${COMP_WORDS[@]:0:$COMP_CWORD} --generate-bash-completion )
 
      case "$prev" in
-	 $main_options_with_args_glob )
-	     return
-	     ;;
+         $main_options_with_args_glob )
+             return
+             ;;
      esac
 
      case "$cur" in
-	 -*)
-	     COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
-	     ;;
-	 *)
-	     COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur" ) )
-	     ;;
+         -*)
+             COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
+             ;;
+         *)
+             COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur" ) )
+             ;;
      esac
 }
 
@@ -150,15 +186,17 @@ _cli_bash_autocomplete() {
      local counter=1
      counter=1
      while [ $counter -lt $cword ]; do
-	 case "!${words[$counter]}" in
-	     *)
-		 command=$(echo "${words[$counter]}" | sed 's/-/_/g')
-		 cpos=$counter
-		 (( cpos++ ))
-		 break
-		 ;;
-	 esac
-	 (( counter++ ))
+         case "${words[$counter]}" in
+             -*)
+                ;;
+             *)
+                 command=$(echo "${words[$counter]}" | sed 's/-/_/g')
+                 cpos=$counter
+                 (( cpos++ ))
+                 break
+                 ;;
+         esac
+         (( counter++ ))
      done
 
      local completions_func=_skopeo_${command}

docs/skopeo-copy.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+% skopeo-copy(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-copy - Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo copy** [**--sign-by=**_key-ID_] _source-image destination-image_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
+
+Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by the policy.
+
+  _source-image_ use the "image name" format described above
+
+  _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+**--format, -f** _manifest-type_ Manifest type (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)
+
+**--quiet, -q** suppress output information when copying images
+
+**--remove-signatures** do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
+
+**--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
+
+**--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)
+
+**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
+
+**--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon
+
+**--src-no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+
+**--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon
+
+**--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_  Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--dest-ostree-tmp-dir** _path_ Directory to use for OSTree temporary files.
+
+**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+
+**--src-daemon-host** _host_ Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+**--dest-daemon-host** _host_ Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
+```sh
+$ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
+$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:/var/lib/images/busybox
+$ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
+  /tmp/busybox/2b8fd9751c4c0f5dd266fcae00707e67a2545ef34f9a29354585f93dac906749.tar
+  /tmp/busybox/manifest.json
+  /tmp/busybox/8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
+```
+
+To copy and sign an image:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com atomic:example/busybox:streaming atomic:example/busybox:gold
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-delete.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+% skopeo-delete(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-delete - Mark _image-name_ for deletion.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo delete** _image-name_
+
+Mark _image-name_ for deletion.  To release the allocated disk space, you must login to the container registry server and execute the container registry garbage collector. E.g.,
+
+```
+/usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+
+Note: sometimes the config.yml is stored in /etc/docker/registry/config.yml
+
+If you are running the container registry inside of a container you would execute something like:
+
+$ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+
+```
+
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+
+**--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
+
+**--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+
+**--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
+```sh
+$ skopeo delete --force docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
+```
+See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
+
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+% skopeo-inspect(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-inspect - Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo inspect** [**--raw**] [**--config**] _image-name_
+
+Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+
+  **--raw** output raw manifest, default is to format in JSON
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve information about
+
+  **--config** output configuration in OCI format, default is to format in JSON
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+
+  **--config** **--raw** output configuration in raw format
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+
+  **--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+
+  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry
+
+  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+
+  **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+To review information for the image fedora from the docker.io registry:
+```sh
+$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
+{
+    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
+    "Digest": "sha256:a97914edb6ba15deb5c5acf87bd6bd5b6b0408c96f48a5cbd450b5b04509bb7d",
+    "RepoTags": [
+        "20",
+        "21",
+        "22",
+        "23",
+        "24",
+        "heisenbug",
+        "latest",
+        "rawhide"
+    ],
+    "Created": "2016-06-20T19:33:43.220526898Z",
+    "DockerVersion": "1.10.3",
+    "Labels": {},
+    "Architecture": "amd64",
+    "Os": "linux",
+    "Layers": [
+        "sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+# SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% skopeo-manifest-digest(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-manifest\-digest -Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo manifest-digest** _manifest-file_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Compute a manifest digest of _manifest-file_ and write it to standard output.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json
+sha256:a59906e33509d14c036c8678d687bd4eec81ed7c4b8ce907b888c607f6a1e0e6
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+% skopeo-standalone-sign(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-standalone-sign - Simple Sign an image
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo standalone-sign** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+This is primarily a debugging tool, or useful for special cases,
+and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
+
+  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
+
+  _docker-reference_ A docker reference to identify the image with
+
+  _key-fingerprint_ Key identity to use for signing
+
+  **--output**|**-o** output file
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo standalone-sign busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8 --output busybox.signature
+$
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), skopeo-copy(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% skopeo-standalone-verify(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Verify an image signature
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
+
+  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
+
+  _docker-reference_ A docker reference expected to identify the image in the signature
+
+  _key-fingerprint_ Expected identity of the signing key
+
+  _signature_ Path to signature file
+
+**Note:** If you do use this, make sure that the image can not be changed at the source location between the times of its verification and use.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo standalone-verify busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8  busybox.signature
+Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo.1.md

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 % SKOPEO(1) Skopeo Man Pages
 % Jhon Honce
 % August 2016
-# NAME
+## NAME
 skopeo -- Command line utility used to interact with local and remote container images and container image registries
-# SYNOPSIS
+
+## SYNOPSIS
 **skopeo** [_global options_] _command_ [_command options_]
-# DESCRIPTION
+
+## DESCRIPTION
 `skopeo` is a command line utility providing various operations with container images and container image registries.
 
 `skopeo` can copy container images between various containers image stores, converting them as necessary.  For example you can use `skopeo` to copy container images from one container registry to another.
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
   An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
 
   **docker://**_docker-reference_
-  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(kpod login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
+  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(podman login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
 
   **docker-archive:**_path_[**:**_docker-reference_]
   An image is stored in the `docker save` formatted file.  _docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
   **ostree:**_image_[**@**_/absolute/repo/path_]
   An image in local OSTree repository.  _/absolute/repo/path_ defaults to _/ostree/repo_.
 
-# OPTIONS
+## OPTIONS
 
   **--debug** enable debug output
 
@@ -65,230 +67,29 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
 
   **--version**|**-v** print the version number
 
-# COMMANDS
+## COMMANDS
 
-## skopeo copy
-**skopeo copy** [**--sign-by=**_key-ID_] _source-image destination-image_
+| Command                                   | Description                                                                    |
+| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| [skopeo-copy(1)](skopeo-copy.1.md)        | Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another. |
+| [skopeo-delete(1)](skopeo-delete.1.md)    | Mark image-name for deletion.                                                  |
+| [skopeo-inspect(1)](skopeo-inspect.1.md)  | Return low-level information about image-name in a registry.                   |
+| [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.|
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Sign an image.                                               |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image.                                             |
 
-Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
-
-Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by the policy.
-
-  _source-image_ use the "image name" format described above
-
-  _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
-
-  **--authfile** _path_
-
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `kpod login`.
-  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
-
-  **--format, -f** _manifest-type_ Manifest type (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)
-
-  **--remove-signatures** do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
-
-  **--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
-
-  **--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
-
-  **--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)
-
-  **--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
-
-  **--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon
-
-  **--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true)
-
-  **--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon
-
-  **--dest-ostree-tmp-dir** _path_ Directory to use for OSTree temporary files.
-
-  **--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true)
-
-  **--src-daemon-host** _host_ Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
-
-  **--dest-daemon-host** _host_ Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
-
-Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
-
-## skopeo delete
-**skopeo delete** _image-name_
-
-Mark _image-name_ for deletion.  To release the allocated disk space, you must login to the container registry server and execute the container registry garbage collector. E.g.,
-
-```
-/usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
-
-Note: sometimes the config.yml is stored in /etc/docker/registry/config.yml
-
-If you are running the container registry inside of a container you would execute something like:
-
-$ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
-
-```
-
-  **--authfile** _path_
-
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `kpod login`.
-  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
-
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
-
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
-
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
-
-Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
-
-## skopeo inspect
-**skopeo inspect** [**--raw**] _image-name_
-
-Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
-
-  **--raw** output raw manifest, default is to format in JSON
-
-  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve information about
-
-  **--authfile** _path_
-
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `kpod login`.
-  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
-
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
-
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
-
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
-
-## skopeo manifest-digest
-**skopeo manifest-digest** _manifest-file_
-
-Compute a manifest digest of _manifest-file_ and write it to standard output.
-
-## skopeo standalone-sign
-**skopeo standalone-sign** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
-
-This is primarily a debugging tool, or useful for special cases,
-and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
-
-  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
-
-  _docker-reference_ A docker reference to identify the image with
-
-  _key-fingerprint_ Key identity to use for signing
-
-  **--output**|**-o** output file
-
-## skopeo standalone-verify
-**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature_
-
-Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
-
-  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
-
-  _docker-reference_ A docker reference expected to identify the image in the signature
-
-  _key-fingerprint_ Expected identity of the signing key
-
-  _signature_ Path to signature file
-
-**Note:** If you do use this, make sure that the image can not be changed at the source location between the times of its verification and use.
-
-## skopeo help
-show help for `skopeo`
-
-# FILES
+## FILES
   **/etc/containers/policy.json**
   Default trust policy file, if **--policy** is not specified.
-  The policy format is documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/policy.json.md .
+  The policy format is documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
 
   **/etc/containers/registries.d**
   Default directory containing registry configuration, if **--registries.d** is not specified.
-  The contents of this directory are documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/registries.d.md .
+  The contents of this directory are documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
 
-# EXAMPLES
+## SEE ALSO
+podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
 
-## skopeo copy
-To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
-```sh
-$ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
-$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:/var/lib/images/busybox
-$ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
-  /tmp/busybox/2b8fd9751c4c0f5dd266fcae00707e67a2545ef34f9a29354585f93dac906749.tar
-  /tmp/busybox/manifest.json
-  /tmp/busybox/8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
-```
-
-To copy and sign an image:
-
-```sh
-$ skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com atomic:example/busybox:streaming atomic:example/busybox:gold
-```
-## skopeo delete
-Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
-```sh
-$ skopeo delete --force docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
-```
-See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
-
-## skopeo inspect
-To review information for the image fedora from the docker.io registry:
-```sh
-$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
-{
-    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
-    "Digest": "sha256:a97914edb6ba15deb5c5acf87bd6bd5b6b0408c96f48a5cbd450b5b04509bb7d",
-    "RepoTags": [
-        "20",
-        "21",
-        "22",
-        "23",
-        "24",
-        "heisenbug",
-        "latest",
-        "rawhide"
-    ],
-    "Created": "2016-06-20T19:33:43.220526898Z",
-    "DockerVersion": "1.10.3",
-    "Labels": {},
-    "Architecture": "amd64",
-    "Os": "linux",
-    "Layers": [
-        "sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
-    ]
-}
-```
-## skopeo layers
-Another method to retrieve the layers for the busybox image from the docker.io registry:
-```sh
-$ skopeo layers docker://busybox
-$ ls layers-500650331/
-  8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
-  manifest.json
-  a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4.tar
-```
-## skopeo manifest-digest
-```sh
-$ skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json
-sha256:a59906e33509d14c036c8678d687bd4eec81ed7c4b8ce907b888c607f6a1e0e6
-```
-## skopeo standalone-sign
-```sh
-$ skopeo standalone-sign busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8 --output busybox.signature
-$
-```
-
-See `skopeo copy` above for the preferred method of signing images.
-## skopeo standalone-verify
-```sh
-$ skopeo standalone-verify busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8  busybox.signature
-Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55
-```
-
-# SEE ALSO
-kpod-login(1), docker-login(1)
-
-# AUTHORS
+## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+#include <btrfs/ioctl.h>
+EOF
+if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+	echo exclude_graphdriver_btrfs
+fi

hack/make/test-system

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Before running podman for the first time, make sure
+# to set storage to vfs (not overlay): podman-in-podman
+# doesn't work with overlay. And, disable mountopt,
+# which causes error with vfs.
+sed -i \
+    -e 's/^driver\s*=.*/driver = "vfs"/' \
+    -e 's/^mountopt/#mountopt/' \
+    /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Build skopeo, install into /usr/bin
+make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
+make install
+
+# Run tests
+SKOPEO_BINARY=/usr/bin/skopeo bats --tap systemtest

hack/ostree_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if pkg-config ostree-1 2> /dev/null ; then
+	echo ostree
+else
+	echo containers_image_ostree_stub
+fi

hack/tree_status.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+STATUS=$(git status --porcelain)
+if [[ -z $STATUS ]]
+then
+	echo "tree is clean"
+else
+	echo "tree is dirty, please commit all changes and sync the vendor.conf"
+	echo ""
+	echo "$STATUS"
+	exit 1
+fi

integration/check_test.go

@@ -87,3 +87,7 @@ func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestNoNeedAuthToPrivateRegistryV2ImageNotFound(c *check.C)
 	wanted = ".*unauthorized: authentication required.*"
 	c.Assert(string(out), check.Not(check.Matches), "(?s)"+wanted) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
 }
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestInspectFailsWhenReferenceIsInvalid(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*Invalid image name.*`, "inspect", "unknown")
+}

integration/copy_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
 	"github.com/go-check/check"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/image-tools/image"
 )
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", s.gpgHome)
 
 	for _, key := range []string{"personal", "official"} {
-		batchInput := fmt.Sprintf("Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Test key - %s\nName-email: %s@example.com\n%%commit\n",
+		batchInput := fmt.Sprintf("Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Test key - %s\nName-email: %s@example.com\n%%no-protection\n%%commit\n",
 			key, key)
 		runCommandWithInput(c, batchInput, gpgBinary, "--batch", "--gen-key")
 
@@ -662,3 +662,41 @@ func verifyManifestMIMEType(c *check.C, dir string, expectedMIMEType string) {
 	mimeType := manifest.GuessMIMEType(manifestBlob)
 	c.Assert(mimeType, check.Equals, expectedMIMEType)
 }
+
+const regConfFixture = "./fixtures/registries.conf"
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestSuccessCopySrcWithMirror(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://mirror.invalid/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestFailureCopySrcWithMirrorsUnavailable(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*no such host.*", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://invalid.invalid/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestSuccessCopySrcWithMirrorAndPrefix(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://gcr.invalid/foo/bar/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestFailureCopySrcWithMirrorAndPrefixUnavailable(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*no such host.*", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://gcr.invalid/wrong/prefix/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyFailsWhenReferenceIsInvalid(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*Invalid image name.*`, "copy", "unknown:transport", "unknown:test")
+}

integration/fixtures/registries.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[[registry]]
+location = "mirror.invalid"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "mirror-1.invalid" },
+    { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
+]
+
+# This entry is currently unused and exists only to ensure
+# that the mirror.invalid/busybox is not rewritten twice.
+[[registry]]
+location = "gcr.io"
+prefix = "gcr.io/google-containers"
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "invalid.invalid"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "invalid-mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "invalid-mirror-1.invalid" },
+]
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "gcr.invalid"
+prefix = "gcr.invalid/foo/bar"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "wrong-mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
+]

integration/signing_test.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (s *SigningSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", s.gpgHome)
 
-	runCommandWithInput(c, "Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Testing user\n%commit\n", gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--batch", "--gen-key")
+	runCommandWithInput(c, "Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Testing user\n%no-protection\n%commit\n", gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--batch", "--gen-key")
 
 	lines, err := exec.Command(gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--with-colons", "--no-permission-warning", "--fingerprint").Output()
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)

systemtest/001-basic.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Simplest set of skopeo tests. If any of these fail, we have serious problems.
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+# Override standard setup! We don't yet trust anything
+function setup() {
+    :
+}
+
+@test "skopeo version emits reasonable output" {
+    run_skopeo --version
+
+    expect_output --substring "skopeo version [0-9.]+"
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/010-inspect.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Simplest test for skopeo inspect
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+@test "inspect: basic" {
+    workdir=$TESTDIR/inspect
+
+    remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/alpine_labels:latest
+    # Inspect remote source, then pull it. There's a small race condition
+    # in which the remote image can get updated between the inspect and
+    # the copy; let's just not worry about it.
+    run_skopeo inspect $remote_image
+    inspect_remote=$output
+
+    # Now pull it into a directory
+    run_skopeo copy $remote_image dir:$workdir
+    expect_output --substring "Getting image source signatures"
+    expect_output --substring "Writing manifest to image destination"
+
+    # Unpacked contents must include a manifest and version
+    [ -e $workdir/manifest.json ]
+    [ -e $workdir/version ]
+
+    # Now run inspect locally
+    run_skopeo inspect dir:$workdir
+    inspect_local=$output
+
+    # Each SHA-named file must be listed in the output of 'inspect'
+    for sha in $(find $workdir -type f | xargs -l1 basename | egrep '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'); do
+        expect_output --from="$inspect_local" --substring "sha256:$sha" \
+                      "Locally-extracted SHA file is present in 'inspect'"
+    done
+
+    # Simple sanity check on 'inspect' output.
+    # For each of the given keys (LHS of the table below):
+    #    1) Get local and remote values
+    #    2) Sanity-check local value using simple expression
+    #    3) Confirm that local and remote values match.
+    #
+    # The reason for (2) is to make sure that we don't compare bad results
+    #
+    # The reason for a hardcoded list, instead of 'jq keys', is that RepoTags
+    # is always empty locally, but a list remotely.
+    while read key expect; do
+        local=$(echo "$inspect_local" | jq -r ".$key")
+        remote=$(echo "$inspect_remote" | jq -r ".$key")
+
+        expect_output --from="$local" --substring "$expect" \
+                  "local $key is sane"
+
+        expect_output --from="$remote" "$local" \
+                      "local $key matches remote"
+    done <<END_EXPECT
+Architecture       amd64
+Created            [0-9-]+T[0-9:]+\.[0-9]+Z
+Digest             sha256:[0-9a-f]{64}
+DockerVersion      [0-9]+\.[0-9][0-9.-]+
+Labels             \\\{.*PODMAN.*podman.*\\\}
+Layers             \\\[.*sha256:.*\\\]
+Os                 linux
+END_EXPECT
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/020-copy.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Copy tests
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    start_registry reg
+}
+
+# From remote, to dir1, to local, to dir2;
+# compare dir1 and dir2, expect no changes
+@test "copy: dir, round trip" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
+
+    run_skopeo copy          $remote_image  dir:$dir1
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false dir:$dir1  $localimg
+    run_skopeo copy  --src-tls-verify=false            $localimg  dir:$dir2
+
+    # Both extracted copies must be identical
+    diff -urN $dir1 $dir2
+}
+
+# Same as above, but using 'oci:' instead of 'dir:' and with a :latest tag
+@test "copy: oci, round trip" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/oci1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/oci2
+
+    run_skopeo copy          $remote_image  oci:$dir1:latest
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false oci:$dir1:latest  $localimg
+    run_skopeo copy  --src-tls-verify=false                   $localimg  oci:$dir2:latest
+
+    # Both extracted copies must be identical
+    diff -urN $dir1 $dir2
+}
+
+# Same image, extracted once with :tag and once without
+@test "copy: oci w/ and w/o tags" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
+
+    run_skopeo copy $remote_image oci:$dir1
+    run_skopeo copy $remote_image oci:$dir2:withtag
+
+    # Both extracted copies must be identical, except for index.json
+    diff -urN --exclude=index.json $dir1 $dir2
+
+    # ...which should differ only in the tag. (But that's too hard to check)
+    grep '"org.opencontainers.image.ref.name":"withtag"' $dir2/index.json
+}
+
+# This one seems unlikely to get fixed
+@test "copy: bug 651" {
+    skip "Enable this once skopeo issue #651 has been fixed"
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/alpine_labels:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/foo
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/030-local-registry-tls.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Confirm that skopeo will push to and pull from a local
+# registry with locally-created TLS certificates.
+#
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    start_registry --with-cert reg
+}
+
+@test "local registry, with cert" {
+    # Push to local registry...
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
+               docker://busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+
+    # ...and pull it back out
+    run_skopeo copy --src-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/extracted
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/040-local-registry-auth.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Tests with a local registry with auth
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    # Remove old/stale cred file
+    _cred_dir=$TESTDIR/credentials
+    export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$_cred_dir
+    mkdir -p $_cred_dir/containers
+    rm -f $_cred_dir/containers/auth.json
+
+    # Start authenticated registry with random password
+    testuser=testuser
+    testpassword=$(random_string 15)
+
+    start_registry --testuser=testuser --testpassword=$testpassword reg
+}
+
+@test "auth: credentials on command line" {
+    # No creds
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # Wrong user
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=baduser:badpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # Wrong password
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:badpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # Correct creds, but no such image
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "manifest unknown: manifest unknown"
+
+    # These should pass
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false --dcreds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://busybox:latest docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
+}
+
+@test "auth: credentials via podman login" {
+    # Logged in: skopeo should work
+    podman login --tls-verify=false -u $testuser -p $testpassword localhost:5000
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://busybox:latest docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
+
+    # Logged out: should fail
+    podman logout localhost:5000
+
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    if [[ -n $_cred_dir ]]; then
+        rm -rf $_cred_dir
+    fi
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/050-signing.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Tests with gpg signing
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    # Create dummy gpg keys
+    export GNUPGHOME=$TESTDIR/skopeo-gpg
+    mkdir --mode=0700 $GNUPGHOME
+
+    # gpg on f30 needs this, otherwise:
+    #   gpg: agent_genkey failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
+    # ...but gpg on f29 (and, probably, Ubuntu) doesn't grok this
+    GPGOPTS='--pinentry-mode loopback'
+    if gpg --pinentry-mode asdf 2>&1 | grep -qi 'Invalid option'; then
+        GPGOPTS=
+    fi
+
+    for k in alice bob;do
+        gpg --batch $GPGOPTS --gen-key --passphrase '' <<END_GPG
+Key-Type: RSA
+Name-Real: Test key - $k
+Name-email: $k@test.redhat.com
+%commit
+END_GPG
+
+        gpg --armor --export $k@test.redhat.com >$GNUPGHOME/pubkey-$k.gpg
+    done
+
+    # Registries. The important part here seems to be sigstore,
+    # because (I guess?) the registry itself has no mechanism
+    # for storing or validating signatures.
+    REGISTRIES_D=$TESTDIR/registries.d
+    mkdir $REGISTRIES_D $TESTDIR/sigstore
+    cat >$REGISTRIES_D/registries.yaml <<EOF
+docker:
+   localhost:5000:
+        sigstore: file://$TESTDIR/sigstore
+EOF
+
+    # Policy file. Basically, require /myns/alice and /myns/bob
+    # to be signed; allow /open; and reject anything else.
+    POLICY_JSON=$TESTDIR/policy.json
+    cat >$POLICY_JSON <<END_POLICY_JSON
+{
+    "default": [
+        {
+            "type": "reject"
+        }
+    ],
+    "transports": {
+        "docker": {
+            "localhost:5000/myns/alice": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "$GNUPGHOME/pubkey-alice.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5000/myns/bob": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "$GNUPGHOME/pubkey-bob.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5000/open": [
+                {
+                    "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}
+END_POLICY_JSON
+
+    start_registry reg
+}
+
+@test "signing" {
+    run_skopeo '?' standalone-sign /dev/null busybox alice@test.redhat.com -o /dev/null
+    if [[ "$output" =~ 'signing is not supported' ]]; then
+        skip "skopeo built without support for creating signatures"
+        return 1
+    fi
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        die "exit code is $status; expected $expected_rc"
+    fi
+
+    # Cache local copy
+    run_skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
+
+    # Push a bunch of images. Do so *without* --policy flag; this lets us
+    # sign or not, creating images that will or won't conform to policy.
+    while read path sig comments; do
+        local sign_opt=
+        if [[ $sig != '-' ]]; then
+            sign_opt="--sign-by=${sig}@test.redhat.com"
+        fi
+        run_skopeo --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+                   copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+                   $sign_opt \
+                   dir:$TESTDIR/busybox \
+                   docker://localhost:5000$path
+    done <<END_PUSH
+/myns/alice:signed        alice    # Properly-signed image
+/myns/alice:unsigned      -        # Unsigned image to path that requires signature
+/myns/bob:signedbyalice   alice    # Bad signature: image under /bob
+/myns/carol:latest        -        # No signature
+/open/forall:latest       -        # No signature, but none needed
+END_PUSH
+
+    # Done pushing. Now try to fetch. From here on we use the --policy option.
+    # The table below lists the paths to fetch, and the expected errors (or
+    # none, if we expect them to pass).
+    while read path expected_error; do
+        expected_rc=
+        if [[ -n $expected_error ]]; then
+            expected_rc=1
+        fi
+
+        rm -rf $TESTDIR/d
+        run_skopeo $expected_rc \
+                   --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+                   --policy $POLICY_JSON \
+                   copy --src-tls-verify=false \
+                   docker://localhost:5000$path \
+                   dir:$TESTDIR/d
+        if [[ -n $expected_error ]]; then
+            expect_output --substring "Source image rejected: $expected_error"
+        fi
+    done <<END_TESTS
+/myns/alice:signed
+/myns/bob:signedbyalice    Invalid GPG signature
+/myns/alice:unsigned       Signature for identity localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed is not accepted
+/myns/carol:latest         Running image docker://localhost:5000/myns/carol:latest is rejected by policy.
+/open/forall:latest
+END_TESTS
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/helpers.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+SKOPEO_BINARY=${SKOPEO_BINARY:-$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE})/../skopeo}
+
+# Default timeout for a skopeo command.
+SKOPEO_TIMEOUT=${SKOPEO_TIMEOUT:-300}
+
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN setup/teardown
+
+# Provide common setup and teardown functions, but do not name them such!
+# That way individual tests can override with their own setup/teardown,
+# while retaining the ability to include these if they so desire.
+
+function standard_setup() {
+    # Argh. Although BATS provides $BATS_TMPDIR, it's just /tmp!
+    # That's bloody worthless. Let's make our own, in which subtests
+    # can write whatever they like and trust that it'll be deleted
+    # on cleanup.
+    TESTDIR=$(mktemp -d --tmpdir=${BATS_TMPDIR:-/tmp} skopeo_bats.XXXXXX)
+}
+
+function standard_teardown() {
+    if [[ -n $TESTDIR ]]; then
+        rm -rf $TESTDIR
+    fi
+}
+
+# Individual .bats files may override or extend these
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+}
+
+function teardown() {
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# END   setup/teardown
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN standard helpers for running skopeo and testing results
+
+#################
+#  run_skopeo  #  Invoke skopeo, with timeout, using BATS 'run'
+#################
+#
+# This is the preferred mechanism for invoking skopeo:
+#
+#  * we use 'timeout' to abort (with a diagnostic) if something
+#    takes too long; this is preferable to a CI hang.
+#  * we log the command run and its output. This doesn't normally
+#    appear in BATS output, but it will if there's an error.
+#  * we check exit status. Since the normal desired code is 0,
+#    that's the default; but the first argument can override:
+#
+#     run_skopeo 125  nonexistent-subcommand
+#     run_skopeo '?'  some-other-command       # let our caller check status
+#
+# Since we use the BATS 'run' mechanism, $output and $status will be
+# defined for our caller.
+#
+function run_skopeo() {
+    # Number as first argument = expected exit code; default 0
+    expected_rc=0
+    case "$1" in
+        [0-9])           expected_rc=$1; shift;;
+        [1-9][0-9])      expected_rc=$1; shift;;
+        [12][0-9][0-9])  expected_rc=$1; shift;;
+        '?')             expected_rc=  ; shift;;  # ignore exit code
+    esac
+
+    # Remember command args, for possible use in later diagnostic messages
+    MOST_RECENT_SKOPEO_COMMAND="skopeo $*"
+
+    # stdout is only emitted upon error; this echo is to help a debugger
+    echo "\$ $SKOPEO_BINARY $*"
+    run timeout --foreground --kill=10 $SKOPEO_TIMEOUT ${SKOPEO_BINARY} "$@"
+    # without "quotes", multiple lines are glommed together into one
+    if [ -n "$output" ]; then
+        echo "$output"
+    fi
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -n "[ rc=$status ";
+        if [ -n "$expected_rc" ]; then
+            if [ "$status" -eq "$expected_rc" ]; then
+                echo -n "(expected) ";
+            else
+                echo -n "(** EXPECTED $expected_rc **) ";
+            fi
+        fi
+        echo "]"
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$status" -eq 124 -o "$status" -eq 137 ]; then
+        # FIXME: 'timeout -v' requires coreutils-8.29; travis seems to have
+        #        an older version. If/when travis updates, please add -v
+        #        to the 'timeout' command above, and un-comment this out:
+        # if expr "$output" : ".*timeout: sending" >/dev/null; then
+        echo "*** TIMED OUT ***"
+        false
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "$expected_rc" ]; then
+        if [ "$status" -ne "$expected_rc" ]; then
+            die "exit code is $status; expected $expected_rc"
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+#########
+#  die  #  Abort with helpful message
+#########
+function die() {
+    echo "#/vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv"  >&2
+    echo "#| FAIL: $*"                                           >&2
+    echo "#\\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^" >&2
+    false
+}
+
+###################
+#  expect_output  #  Compare actual vs expected string; fail if mismatch
+###################
+#
+# Compares $output against the given string argument. Optional second
+# argument is descriptive text to show as the error message (default:
+# the command most recently run by 'run_skopeo'). This text can be
+# useful to isolate a failure when there are multiple identical
+# run_skopeo invocations, and the difference is solely in the
+# config or setup; see, e.g., run.bats:run-cmd().
+#
+# By default we run an exact string comparison; use --substring to
+# look for the given string anywhere in $output.
+#
+# By default we look in "$output", which is set in run_skopeo().
+# To override, use --from="some-other-string" (e.g. "${lines[0]}")
+#
+# Examples:
+#
+#   expect_output "this is exactly what we expect"
+#   expect_output "foo=bar"  "description of this particular test"
+#   expect_output --from="${lines[0]}"  "expected first line"
+#
+function expect_output() {
+    # By default we examine $output, the result of run_skopeo
+    local actual="$output"
+    local check_substring=
+
+    # option processing: recognize --from="...", --substring
+    local opt
+    for opt; do
+        local value=$(expr "$opt" : '[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+        case "$opt" in
+            --from=*)       actual="$value";   shift;;
+            --substring)    check_substring=1; shift;;
+            --)             shift; break;;
+            -*)             die "Invalid option '$opt'" ;;
+            *)              break;;
+        esac
+    done
+
+    local expect="$1"
+    local testname="${2:-${MOST_RECENT_SKOPEO_COMMAND:-[no test name given]}}"
+
+    if [ -z "$expect" ]; then
+        if [ -z "$actual" ]; then
+            return
+        fi
+        expect='[no output]'
+    elif [ "$actual" = "$expect" ]; then
+	return
+    elif [ -n "$check_substring" ]; then
+        if [[ "$actual" =~ $expect ]]; then
+            return
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    # This is a multi-line message, which may in turn contain multi-line
+    # output, so let's format it ourself, readably
+    local -a actual_split
+    readarray -t actual_split <<<"$actual"
+    printf "#/vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv\n" >&2
+    printf "#|     FAIL: $testname\n"                          >&2
+    printf "#| expected: '%s'\n" "$expect"                     >&2
+    printf "#|   actual: '%s'\n" "${actual_split[0]}"          >&2
+    local line
+    for line in "${actual_split[@]:1}"; do
+        printf "#|         > '%s'\n" "$line"                   >&2
+    done
+    printf "#\\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" >&2
+    false
+}
+
+#######################
+#  expect_line_count  #  Check the expected number of output lines
+#######################
+#
+# ...from the most recent run_skopeo command
+#
+function expect_line_count() {
+    local expect="$1"
+    local testname="${2:-${MOST_RECENT_SKOPEO_COMMAND:-[no test name given]}}"
+
+    local actual="${#lines[@]}"
+    if [ "$actual" -eq "$expect" ]; then
+        return
+    fi
+
+    printf "#/vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv\n"          >&2
+    printf "#| FAIL: $testname\n"                                       >&2
+    printf "#| Expected %d lines of output, got %d\n" $expect $actual   >&2
+    printf "#| Output was:\n"                                           >&2
+    local line
+    for line in "${lines[@]}"; do
+        printf "#| >%s\n" "$line"                                       >&2
+    done
+    printf "#\\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"         >&2
+    false
+}
+
+# END   standard helpers for running skopeo and testing results
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN helpers for starting/stopping registries
+
+####################
+#  start_registry  #  Run a local registry container
+####################
+#
+# Usage:  start_registry [OPTIONS] NAME
+#
+#   OPTIONS
+#       --port=NNNN         Port to listen on (default: 5000)
+#       --testuser=XXX      Require authentication; this is the username
+#       --testpassword=XXX  ...and the password (these two go together)
+#       --with-cert         Create a cert for running with TLS (not working)
+#
+#   NAME is the container name to assign.
+#
+start_registry() {
+    local port=5000
+    local testuser=
+    local testpassword=
+    local create_cert=
+
+    # option processing: recognize options for running the registry
+    # in different modes.
+    local opt
+    for opt; do
+        local value=$(expr "$opt" : '[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+        case "$opt" in
+            --port=*)           port="$value";          shift;;
+            --testuser=*)       testuser="$value";      shift;;
+            --testpassword=*)   testpassword="$value";  shift;;
+            --with-cert)        create_cert=1;          shift;;
+            -*)                 die "Invalid option '$opt'" ;;
+            *)                  break;;
+        esac
+    done
+
+    local name=${1?start_registry() invoked without a NAME}
+
+    # Temp directory must be defined and must exist
+    [[ -n $TESTDIR && -d $TESTDIR ]]
+
+    AUTHDIR=$TESTDIR/auth
+    mkdir -p $AUTHDIR
+
+    local -a reg_args=(-v $AUTHDIR:/auth:Z -p $port:5000)
+
+    # cgroup option necessary under podman-in-podman (CI tests),
+    # and doesn't seem to do any harm otherwise.
+    PODMAN="podman --cgroup-manager=cgroupfs"
+
+    # Called with --testuser? Create an htpasswd file
+    if [[ -n $testuser ]]; then
+        if [[ -z $testpassword ]]; then
+            die "start_registry() invoked with testuser but no testpassword"
+        fi
+
+        if ! egrep -q "^$testuser:" $AUTHDIR/htpasswd; then
+            $PODMAN run --rm --entrypoint htpasswd registry:2 \
+                   -Bbn $testuser $testpassword >> $AUTHDIR/htpasswd
+        fi
+
+        reg_args+=(
+            -e REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd
+            -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd
+            -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM="Registry Realm"
+        )
+    fi
+
+    # Called with --with-cert? Create certificates.
+    if [[ -n $create_cert ]]; then
+        CERT=$AUTHDIR/domain.crt
+        if [ ! -e $CERT ]; then
+            openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -sha256 \
+                    -keyout $AUTHDIR/domain.key -x509 -days 2 \
+                    -out $CERT \
+                    -subj "/C=US/ST=Foo/L=Bar/O=Red Hat, Inc./CN=localhost"
+        fi
+
+        reg_args+=(
+            -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/auth/domain.crt
+            -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/auth/domain.key
+        )
+
+        # Copy .crt file to a directory *without* the .key one, so we can
+        # test the client. (If client sees a matching .key file, it fails)
+        # Thanks to Miloslav Trmac for this hint.
+        mkdir -p $TESTDIR/client-auth
+        cp $CERT $TESTDIR/client-auth/
+    fi
+
+    $PODMAN run -d --name $name "${reg_args[@]}" registry:2
+
+    # Wait for registry to actually come up
+    timeout=10
+    while [[ $timeout -ge 1 ]]; do
+        if curl localhost:$port/; then
+            return
+        fi
+
+        timeout=$(expr $timeout - 1)
+        sleep 1
+    done
+    die "Timed out waiting for registry container to respond on :$port"
+}
+
+# END   helpers for starting/stopping registries
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN miscellaneous tools
+
+###################
+#  random_string  #  Returns a pseudorandom human-readable string
+###################
+#
+# Numeric argument, if present, is desired length of string
+#
+function random_string() {
+    local length=${1:-10}
+
+    head /dev/urandom | tr -dc a-zA-Z0-9 | head -c$length
+}
+
+# END   miscellaneous tools
+###############################################################################

systemtest/run-tests

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# run-tests - simple wrapper allowing shortcuts on invocation
+#
+
+TEST_DIR=$(dirname $0)
+TESTS=$TEST_DIR
+
+for i; do
+    case "$i" in
+        *.bats)    TESTS=$i ;;
+        *)         TESTS=$(echo $TEST_DIR/*$i*.bats) ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+bats $TESTS

vendor.conf

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
+
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0
-github.com/containers/image 50e5e55e46a391df8fce1291b2337f1af879b822
+github.com/containers/image v2.0.0
+github.com/containers/buildah v1.8.4
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1
 golang.org/x/sync 42b317875d0fa942474b76e1b46a6060d720ae6e
 github.com/opencontainers/go-digest c9281466c8b2f606084ac71339773efd177436e7
-gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1 v1.0.27
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth 14207d285c6c197daabb5c9793d63e7af9ab2d50
-github.com/containers/storage master
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.10
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
 github.com/go-check/check v1
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.1.3
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew master
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib master
-github.com/pkg/errors master
-golang.org/x/crypto master
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib 5d4384ee4fb2527b0a1256a821ebfc92f91efefc
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
+golang.org/x/crypto a4c6cb3142f211c99e4bf4cd769535b29a9b616f
 github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4
-github.com/boltdb/bolt master
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2
 # docker deps from https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/v1.11.2/hack/vendor.sh
 github.com/docker/docker da99009bbb1165d1ac5688b5c81d2f589d418341
 github.com/docker/go-connections 7beb39f0b969b075d1325fecb092faf27fd357b6
@@ -24,49 +27,41 @@ github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2
 github.com/gorilla/context 14f550f51a
 github.com/gorilla/mux e444e69cbd
 github.com/docker/go-units 8a7beacffa3009a9ac66bad506b18ffdd110cf97
-golang.org/x/net master
+golang.org/x/net 45ffb0cd1ba084b73e26dee67e667e1be5acce83
 github.com/gogo/protobuf fcdc5011193ff531a548e9b0301828d5a5b97fd8
 # end docker deps
-golang.org/x/text master
-github.com/docker/distribution master
+golang.org/x/text e6919f6577db79269a6443b9dc46d18f2238fb5d
+github.com/docker/distribution 5f6282db7d65e6d72ad7c2cc66310724a57be716
 # docker/distributions dependencies
-github.com/docker/go-metrics 399ea8c73916000c64c2c76e8da00ca82f8387ab
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang c332b6f63c0658a65eca15c0e5247ded801cf564
-github.com/prometheus/client_model 99fa1f4be8e564e8a6b613da7fa6f46c9edafc6c
-github.com/prometheus/common 89604d197083d4781071d3c65855d24ecfb0a563
-github.com/prometheus/procfs cb4147076ac75738c9a7d279075a253c0cc5acbd
-github.com/beorn7/perks 4c0e84591b9aa9e6dcfdf3e020114cd81f89d5f9
-github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions c12348ce28de40eed0136aa2b644d0ee0650e56c
-github.com/golang/protobuf 8d92cf5fc15a4382f8964b08e1f42a75c0591aa3
 # end of docker/distribution dependencies
-github.com/docker/libtrust master
+github.com/docker/libtrust aabc10ec26b754e797f9028f4589c5b7bd90dc20
 github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers d68f9aeca33f5fd3f08eeae5e9d175edf4e731d1
-github.com/opencontainers/runc master
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6
 github.com/opencontainers/image-spec 7b1e489870acb042978a3935d2fb76f8a79aff81
 # -- start OCI image validation requirements.
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0
 github.com/opencontainers/image-tools 6d941547fa1df31900990b3fb47ec2468c9c6469
-github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema master
-github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference master
-github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer master
-go4.org master https://github.com/camlistore/go4
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer 4e3ac2762d5f479393488629ee9370b50873b3a6
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference bd5ef7bd5415a7ac448318e64f11a24cd21e594b
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0
+go4.org ce4c26f7be8eb27dc77f996b08d286dd80bc4a01 https://github.com/camlistore/go4
 github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go 56f3a639dbc0f2f5051c6d52dade28a882ba78ce
 # -- end OCI image validation requirements
-github.com/mtrmac/gpgme master
+github.com/mtrmac/gpgme b2432428689ca58c2b8e8dea9449d3295cf96fc9
 # openshift/origin' k8s dependencies as of OpenShift v1.1.5
-k8s.io/client-go master
+k8s.io/client-go kubernetes-1.10.13-beta.0
 github.com/ghodss/yaml 73d445a93680fa1a78ae23a5839bad48f32ba1ee
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 d466437aa4adc35830964cffc5b5f262c63ddcb4
 github.com/imdario/mergo 6633656539c1639d9d78127b7d47c622b5d7b6dc
 # containers/storage's dependencies that aren't already being pulled in
 github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs 22c9b32c84eb0d0c6f4043b6e90fc94073de92fa
 github.com/pborman/uuid v1.0
-github.com/opencontainers/selinux master
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.1
 golang.org/x/sys 43e60d72a8e2bd92ee98319ba9a384a0e9837c08
 github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml master
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1
 github.com/pquerna/ffjson d49c2bc1aa135aad0c6f4fc2056623ec78f5d5ac
-github.com/syndtr/gocapability master
+github.com/syndtr/gocapability d98352740cb2c55f81556b63d4a1ec64c5a319c2
 github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0

vendor/github.com/VividCortex/ewma/LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-The MIT License (MIT)
+The MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2016 Yasuhiro Matsumoto
+Copyright (c) 2013 VividCortex
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

vendor/github.com/VividCortex/ewma/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# EWMA [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/VividCortex/ewma?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/VividCortex/ewma) ![Build Status](https://circleci.com/gh/VividCortex/moving_average.png?circle-token=1459fa37f9ca0e50cef05d1963146d96d47ea523)
+
+This repo provides Exponentially Weighted Moving Average algorithms, or EWMAs for short, [based on our
+Quantifying Abnormal Behavior talk](https://vividcortex.com/blog/2013/07/23/a-fast-go-library-for-exponential-moving-averages/).
+
+### Exponentially Weighted Moving Average
+
+An exponentially weighted moving average is a way to continuously compute a type of
+average for a series of numbers, as the numbers arrive. After a value in the series is
+added to the average, its weight in the average decreases exponentially over time. This
+biases the average towards more recent data. EWMAs are useful for several reasons, chiefly
+their inexpensive computational and memory cost, as well as the fact that they represent
+the recent central tendency of the series of values.
+
+The EWMA algorithm requires a decay factor, alpha. The larger the alpha, the more the average
+is biased towards recent history. The alpha must be between 0 and 1, and is typically
+a fairly small number, such as 0.04. We will discuss the choice of alpha later.
+
+The algorithm works thus, in pseudocode:
+
+1. Multiply the next number in the series by alpha.
+2. Multiply the current value of the average by 1 minus alpha.
+3. Add the result of steps 1 and 2, and store it as the new current value of the average.
+4. Repeat for each number in the series.
+
+There are special-case behaviors for how to initialize the current value, and these vary
+between implementations. One approach is to start with the first value in the series;
+another is to average the first 10 or so values in the series using an arithmetic average,
+and then begin the incremental updating of the average. Each method has pros and cons.
+
+It may help to look at it pictorially. Suppose the series has five numbers, and we choose
+alpha to be 0.50 for simplicity. Here's the series, with numbers in the neighborhood of 300.
+
+![Data Series](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242350-463289a2-6977-11e7-88ca-fd778ccef1f0.png)
+
+Now let's take the moving average of those numbers. First we set the average to the value
+of the first number.
+
+![EWMA Step 1](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242353-464c96bc-6977-11e7-9981-dc4e0789c7ba.png)
+
+Next we multiply the next number by alpha, multiply the current value by 1-alpha, and add
+them to generate a new value.
+
+![EWMA Step 2](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242351-464abefa-6977-11e7-95d0-43900f29bef2.png)
+
+This continues until we are done.
+
+![EWMA Step N](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/279875/28242352-464c58f0-6977-11e7-8cd0-e01e4efaac7f.png)
+
+Notice how each of the values in the series decays by half each time a new value
+is added, and the top of the bars in the lower portion of the image represents the
+size of the moving average. It is a smoothed, or low-pass, average of the original
+series.
+
+For further reading, see [Exponentially weighted moving average](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average#Exponential_moving_average) on wikipedia.
+
+### Choosing Alpha
+
+Consider a fixed-size sliding-window moving average (not an exponentially weighted moving average)
+that averages over the previous N samples. What is the average age of each sample? It is N/2.
+
+Now suppose that you wish to construct a EWMA whose samples have the same average age. The formula
+to compute the alpha required for this is: alpha = 2/(N+1). Proof is in the book
+"Production and Operations Analysis" by Steven Nahmias.
+
+So, for example, if you have a time-series with samples once per second, and you want to get the
+moving average over the previous minute, you should use an alpha of .032786885. This, by the way,
+is the constant alpha used for this repository's SimpleEWMA.
+
+### Implementations
+
+This repository contains two implementations of the EWMA algorithm, with different properties.
+
+The implementations all conform to the MovingAverage interface, and the constructor returns
+that type.
+
+Current implementations assume an implicit time interval of 1.0 between every sample added.
+That is, the passage of time is treated as though it's the same as the arrival of samples.
+If you need time-based decay when samples are not arriving precisely at set intervals, then
+this package will not support your needs at present.
+
+#### SimpleEWMA
+
+A SimpleEWMA is designed for low CPU and memory consumption. It **will** have different behavior than the VariableEWMA
+for multiple reasons. It has no warm-up period and it uses a constant
+decay.  These properties let it use less memory.  It will also behave
+differently when it's equal to zero, which is assumed to mean
+uninitialized, so if a value is likely to actually become zero over time,
+then any non-zero value will cause a sharp jump instead of a small change.
+
+#### VariableEWMA
+
+Unlike SimpleEWMA, this supports a custom age which must be stored, and thus uses more memory.
+It also has a "warmup" time when you start adding values to it. It will report a value of 0.0
+until you have added the required number of samples to it. It uses some memory to store the
+number of samples added to it. As a result it uses a little over twice the memory of SimpleEWMA.
+
+## Usage
+
+### API Documentation
+
+View the GoDoc generated documentation [here](http://godoc.org/github.com/VividCortex/ewma).
+
+```go
+package main
+import "github.com/VividCortex/ewma"
+
+func main() {
+  samples := [100]float64{
+    4599, 5711, 4746, 4621, 5037, 4218, 4925, 4281, 5207, 5203, 5594, 5149,
+  }
+
+  e := ewma.NewMovingAverage()       //=> Returns a SimpleEWMA if called without params
+  a := ewma.NewMovingAverage(5)      //=> returns a VariableEWMA with a decay of 2 / (5 + 1)
+
+  for _, f := range samples {
+    e.Add(f)
+    a.Add(f)
+  }
+
+  e.Value() //=> 13.577404704631077
+  a.Value() //=> 1.5806140565521463e-12
+}
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+We only accept pull requests for minor fixes or improvements. This includes:
+
+* Small bug fixes
+* Typos
+* Documentation or comments
+
+Please open issues to discuss new features. Pull requests for new features will be rejected,
+so we recommend forking the repository and making changes in your fork for your use case.
+
+## License
+
+This repository is Copyright (c) 2013 VividCortex, Inc. All rights reserved.
+It is licensed under the MIT license. Please see the LICENSE file for applicable license terms.

vendor/github.com/VividCortex/ewma/ewma.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Package ewma implements exponentially weighted moving averages.
+package ewma
+
+// Copyright (c) 2013 VividCortex, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Please see the LICENSE file for applicable license terms.
+
+const (
+	// By default, we average over a one-minute period, which means the average
+	// age of the metrics in the period is 30 seconds.
+	AVG_METRIC_AGE float64 = 30.0
+
+	// The formula for computing the decay factor from the average age comes
+	// from "Production and Operations Analysis" by Steven Nahmias.
+	DECAY float64 = 2 / (float64(AVG_METRIC_AGE) + 1)
+
+	// For best results, the moving average should not be initialized to the
+	// samples it sees immediately. The book "Production and Operations
+	// Analysis" by Steven Nahmias suggests initializing the moving average to
+	// the mean of the first 10 samples. Until the VariableEwma has seen this
+	// many samples, it is not "ready" to be queried for the value of the
+	// moving average. This adds some memory cost.
+	WARMUP_SAMPLES uint8 = 10
+)
+
+// MovingAverage is the interface that computes a moving average over a time-
+// series stream of numbers. The average may be over a window or exponentially
+// decaying.
+type MovingAverage interface {
+	Add(float64)
+	Value() float64
+	Set(float64)
+}
+
+// NewMovingAverage constructs a MovingAverage that computes an average with the
+// desired characteristics in the moving window or exponential decay. If no
+// age is given, it constructs a default exponentially weighted implementation
+// that consumes minimal memory. The age is related to the decay factor alpha
+// by the formula given for the DECAY constant. It signifies the average age
+// of the samples as time goes to infinity.
+func NewMovingAverage(age ...float64) MovingAverage {
+	if len(age) == 0 || age[0] == AVG_METRIC_AGE {
+		return new(SimpleEWMA)
+	}
+	return &VariableEWMA{
+		decay: 2 / (age[0] + 1),
+	}
+}
+
+// A SimpleEWMA represents the exponentially weighted moving average of a
+// series of numbers. It WILL have different behavior than the VariableEWMA
+// for multiple reasons. It has no warm-up period and it uses a constant
+// decay.  These properties let it use less memory.  It will also behave
+// differently when it's equal to zero, which is assumed to mean
+// uninitialized, so if a value is likely to actually become zero over time,
+// then any non-zero value will cause a sharp jump instead of a small change.
+// However, note that this takes a long time, and the value may just
+// decays to a stable value that's close to zero, but which won't be mistaken
+// for uninitialized. See http://play.golang.org/p/litxBDr_RC for example.
+type SimpleEWMA struct {
+	// The current value of the average. After adding with Add(), this is
+	// updated to reflect the average of all values seen thus far.
+	value float64
+}
+
+// Add adds a value to the series and updates the moving average.
+func (e *SimpleEWMA) Add(value float64) {
+	if e.value == 0 { // this is a proxy for "uninitialized"
+		e.value = value
+	} else {
+		e.value = (value * DECAY) + (e.value * (1 - DECAY))
+	}
+}
+
+// Value returns the current value of the moving average.
+func (e *SimpleEWMA) Value() float64 {
+	return e.value
+}
+
+// Set sets the EWMA's value.
+func (e *SimpleEWMA) Set(value float64) {
+	e.value = value
+}
+
+// VariableEWMA represents the exponentially weighted moving average of a series of
+// numbers. Unlike SimpleEWMA, it supports a custom age, and thus uses more memory.
+type VariableEWMA struct {
+	// The multiplier factor by which the previous samples decay.
+	decay float64
+	// The current value of the average.
+	value float64
+	// The number of samples added to this instance.
+	count uint8
+}
+
+// Add adds a value to the series and updates the moving average.
+func (e *VariableEWMA) Add(value float64) {
+	switch {
+	case e.count < WARMUP_SAMPLES:
+		e.count++
+		e.value += value
+	case e.count == WARMUP_SAMPLES:
+		e.count++
+		e.value = e.value / float64(WARMUP_SAMPLES)
+		e.value = (value * e.decay) + (e.value * (1 - e.decay))
+	default:
+		e.value = (value * e.decay) + (e.value * (1 - e.decay))
+	}
+}
+
+// Value returns the current value of the average, or 0.0 if the series hasn't
+// warmed up yet.
+func (e *VariableEWMA) Value() float64 {
+	if e.count <= WARMUP_SAMPLES {
+		return 0.0
+	}
+
+	return e.value
+}
+
+// Set sets the EWMA's value.
+func (e *VariableEWMA) Set(value float64) {
+	e.value = value
+	if e.count <= WARMUP_SAMPLES {
+		e.count = WARMUP_SAMPLES + 1
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/beorn7/perks/LICENSE

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-Copyright (C) 2013 Blake Mizerany
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
-NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
-LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
-OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
-WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

vendor/github.com/beorn7/perks/quantile/stream.go

@@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
-// Package quantile computes approximate quantiles over an unbounded data
-// stream within low memory and CPU bounds.
-//
-// A small amount of accuracy is traded to achieve the above properties.
-//
-// Multiple streams can be merged before calling Query to generate a single set
-// of results. This is meaningful when the streams represent the same type of
-// data. See Merge and Samples.
-//
-// For more detailed information about the algorithm used, see:
-//
-// Effective Computation of Biased Quantiles over Data Streams
-//
-// http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~muthu/bquant.pdf
-package quantile
-
-import (
-	"math"
-	"sort"
-)
-
-// Sample holds an observed value and meta information for compression. JSON
-// tags have been added for convenience.
-type Sample struct {
-	Value float64 `json:",string"`
-	Width float64 `json:",string"`
-	Delta float64 `json:",string"`
-}
-
-// Samples represents a slice of samples. It implements sort.Interface.
-type Samples []Sample
-
-func (a Samples) Len() int           { return len(a) }
-func (a Samples) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].Value < a[j].Value }
-func (a Samples) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
-
-type invariant func(s *stream, r float64) float64
-
-// NewLowBiased returns an initialized Stream for low-biased quantiles
-// (e.g. 0.01, 0.1, 0.5) where the needed quantiles are not known a priori, but
-// error guarantees can still be given even for the lower ranks of the data
-// distribution.
-//
-// The provided epsilon is a relative error, i.e. the true quantile of a value
-// returned by a query is guaranteed to be within (1±Epsilon)*Quantile.
-//
-// See http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~muthu/bquant.pdf for time, space, and error
-// properties.
-func NewLowBiased(epsilon float64) *Stream {
-	ƒ := func(s *stream, r float64) float64 {
-		return 2 * epsilon * r
-	}
-	return newStream(ƒ)
-}
-
-// NewHighBiased returns an initialized Stream for high-biased quantiles
-// (e.g. 0.01, 0.1, 0.5) where the needed quantiles are not known a priori, but
-// error guarantees can still be given even for the higher ranks of the data
-// distribution.
-//
-// The provided epsilon is a relative error, i.e. the true quantile of a value
-// returned by a query is guaranteed to be within 1-(1±Epsilon)*(1-Quantile).
-//
-// See http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~muthu/bquant.pdf for time, space, and error
-// properties.
-func NewHighBiased(epsilon float64) *Stream {
-	ƒ := func(s *stream, r float64) float64 {
-		return 2 * epsilon * (s.n - r)
-	}
-	return newStream(ƒ)
-}
-
-// NewTargeted returns an initialized Stream concerned with a particular set of
-// quantile values that are supplied a priori. Knowing these a priori reduces
-// space and computation time. The targets map maps the desired quantiles to
-// their absolute errors, i.e. the true quantile of a value returned by a query
-// is guaranteed to be within (Quantile±Epsilon).
-//
-// See http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~muthu/bquant.pdf for time, space, and error properties.
-func NewTargeted(targets map[float64]float64) *Stream {
-	ƒ := func(s *stream, r float64) float64 {
-		var m = math.MaxFloat64
-		var f float64
-		for quantile, epsilon := range targets {
-			if quantile*s.n <= r {
-				f = (2 * epsilon * r) / quantile
-			} else {
-				f = (2 * epsilon * (s.n - r)) / (1 - quantile)
-			}
-			if f < m {
-				m = f
-			}
-		}
-		return m
-	}
-	return newStream(ƒ)
-}
-
-// Stream computes quantiles for a stream of float64s. It is not thread-safe by
-// design. Take care when using across multiple goroutines.
-type Stream struct {
-	*stream
-	b      Samples
-	sorted bool
-}
-
-func newStream(ƒ invariant) *Stream {
-	x := &stream{ƒ: ƒ}
-	return &Stream{x, make(Samples, 0, 500), true}
-}
-
-// Insert inserts v into the stream.
-func (s *Stream) Insert(v float64) {
-	s.insert(Sample{Value: v, Width: 1})
-}
-
-func (s *Stream) insert(sample Sample) {
-	s.b = append(s.b, sample)
-	s.sorted = false
-	if len(s.b) == cap(s.b) {
-		s.flush()
-	}
-}
-
-// Query returns the computed qth percentiles value. If s was created with
-// NewTargeted, and q is not in the set of quantiles provided a priori, Query
-// will return an unspecified result.
-func (s *Stream) Query(q float64) float64 {
-	if !s.flushed() {
-		// Fast path when there hasn't been enough data for a flush;
-		// this also yields better accuracy for small sets of data.
-		l := len(s.b)
-		if l == 0 {
-			return 0
-		}
-		i := int(math.Ceil(float64(l) * q))
-		if i > 0 {
-			i -= 1
-		}
-		s.maybeSort()
-		return s.b[i].Value
-	}
-	s.flush()
-	return s.stream.query(q)
-}
-
-// Merge merges samples into the underlying streams samples. This is handy when
-// merging multiple streams from separate threads, database shards, etc.
-//
-// ATTENTION: This method is broken and does not yield correct results. The
-// underlying algorithm is not capable of merging streams correctly.
-func (s *Stream) Merge(samples Samples) {
-	sort.Sort(samples)
-	s.stream.merge(samples)
-}
-
-// Reset reinitializes and clears the list reusing the samples buffer memory.
-func (s *Stream) Reset() {
-	s.stream.reset()
-	s.b = s.b[:0]
-}
-
-// Samples returns stream samples held by s.
-func (s *Stream) Samples() Samples {
-	if !s.flushed() {
-		return s.b
-	}
-	s.flush()
-	return s.stream.samples()
-}
-
-// Count returns the total number of samples observed in the stream
-// since initialization.
-func (s *Stream) Count() int {
-	return len(s.b) + s.stream.count()
-}
-
-func (s *Stream) flush() {
-	s.maybeSort()
-	s.stream.merge(s.b)
-	s.b = s.b[:0]
-}
-
-func (s *Stream) maybeSort() {
-	if !s.sorted {
-		s.sorted = true
-		sort.Sort(s.b)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Stream) flushed() bool {
-	return len(s.stream.l) > 0
-}
-
-type stream struct {
-	n float64
-	l []Sample
-	ƒ invariant
-}
-
-func (s *stream) reset() {
-	s.l = s.l[:0]
-	s.n = 0
-}
-
-func (s *stream) insert(v float64) {
-	s.merge(Samples{{v, 1, 0}})
-}
-
-func (s *stream) merge(samples Samples) {
-	// TODO(beorn7): This tries to merge not only individual samples, but
-	// whole summaries. The paper doesn't mention merging summaries at
-	// all. Unittests show that the merging is inaccurate. Find out how to
-	// do merges properly.
-	var r float64
-	i := 0
-	for _, sample := range samples {
-		for ; i < len(s.l); i++ {
-			c := s.l[i]
-			if c.Value > sample.Value {
-				// Insert at position i.
-				s.l = append(s.l, Sample{})
-				copy(s.l[i+1:], s.l[i:])
-				s.l[i] = Sample{
-					sample.Value,
-					sample.Width,
-					math.Max(sample.Delta, math.Floor(s.ƒ(s, r))-1),
-					// TODO(beorn7): How to calculate delta correctly?
-				}
-				i++
-				goto inserted
-			}
-			r += c.Width
-		}
-		s.l = append(s.l, Sample{sample.Value, sample.Width, 0})
-		i++
-	inserted:
-		s.n += sample.Width
-		r += sample.Width
-	}
-	s.compress()
-}
-
-func (s *stream) count() int {
-	return int(s.n)
-}
-
-func (s *stream) query(q float64) float64 {
-	t := math.Ceil(q * s.n)
-	t += math.Ceil(s.ƒ(s, t) / 2)
-	p := s.l[0]
-	var r float64
-	for _, c := range s.l[1:] {
-		r += p.Width
-		if r+c.Width+c.Delta > t {
-			return p.Value
-		}
-		p = c
-	}
-	return p.Value
-}
-
-func (s *stream) compress() {
-	if len(s.l) < 2 {
-		return
-	}
-	x := s.l[len(s.l)-1]
-	xi := len(s.l) - 1
-	r := s.n - 1 - x.Width
-
-	for i := len(s.l) - 2; i >= 0; i-- {
-		c := s.l[i]
-		if c.Width+x.Width+x.Delta <= s.ƒ(s, r) {
-			x.Width += c.Width
-			s.l[xi] = x
-			// Remove element at i.
-			copy(s.l[i:], s.l[i+1:])
-			s.l = s.l[:len(s.l)-1]
-			xi -= 1
-		} else {
-			x = c
-			xi = i
-		}
-		r -= c.Width
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *stream) samples() Samples {
-	samples := make(Samples, len(s.l))
-	copy(samples, s.l)
-	return samples
-}

vendor/github.com/boltdb/bolt/freelist.go

@@ -1,252 +0,0 @@
-package bolt
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"sort"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-// freelist represents a list of all pages that are available for allocation.
-// It also tracks pages that have been freed but are still in use by open transactions.
-type freelist struct {
-	ids     []pgid          // all free and available free page ids.
-	pending map[txid][]pgid // mapping of soon-to-be free page ids by tx.
-	cache   map[pgid]bool   // fast lookup of all free and pending page ids.
-}
-
-// newFreelist returns an empty, initialized freelist.
-func newFreelist() *freelist {
-	return &freelist{
-		pending: make(map[txid][]pgid),
-		cache:   make(map[pgid]bool),
-	}
-}
-
-// size returns the size of the page after serialization.
-func (f *freelist) size() int {
-	n := f.count()
-	if n >= 0xFFFF {
-		// The first element will be used to store the count. See freelist.write.
-		n++
-	}
-	return pageHeaderSize + (int(unsafe.Sizeof(pgid(0))) * n)
-}
-
-// count returns count of pages on the freelist
-func (f *freelist) count() int {
-	return f.free_count() + f.pending_count()
-}
-
-// free_count returns count of free pages
-func (f *freelist) free_count() int {
-	return len(f.ids)
-}
-
-// pending_count returns count of pending pages
-func (f *freelist) pending_count() int {
-	var count int
-	for _, list := range f.pending {
-		count += len(list)
-	}
-	return count
-}
-
-// copyall copies into dst a list of all free ids and all pending ids in one sorted list.
-// f.count returns the minimum length required for dst.
-func (f *freelist) copyall(dst []pgid) {
-	m := make(pgids, 0, f.pending_count())
-	for _, list := range f.pending {
-		m = append(m, list...)
-	}
-	sort.Sort(m)
-	mergepgids(dst, f.ids, m)
-}
-
-// allocate returns the starting page id of a contiguous list of pages of a given size.
-// If a contiguous block cannot be found then 0 is returned.
-func (f *freelist) allocate(n int) pgid {
-	if len(f.ids) == 0 {
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	var initial, previd pgid
-	for i, id := range f.ids {
-		if id <= 1 {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid page allocation: %d", id))
-		}
-
-		// Reset initial page if this is not contiguous.
-		if previd == 0 || id-previd != 1 {
-			initial = id
-		}
-
-		// If we found a contiguous block then remove it and return it.
-		if (id-initial)+1 == pgid(n) {
-			// If we're allocating off the beginning then take the fast path
-			// and just adjust the existing slice. This will use extra memory
-			// temporarily but the append() in free() will realloc the slice
-			// as is necessary.
-			if (i + 1) == n {
-				f.ids = f.ids[i+1:]
-			} else {
-				copy(f.ids[i-n+1:], f.ids[i+1:])
-				f.ids = f.ids[:len(f.ids)-n]
-			}
-
-			// Remove from the free cache.
-			for i := pgid(0); i < pgid(n); i++ {
-				delete(f.cache, initial+i)
-			}
-
-			return initial
-		}
-
-		previd = id
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-// free releases a page and its overflow for a given transaction id.
-// If the page is already free then a panic will occur.
-func (f *freelist) free(txid txid, p *page) {
-	if p.id <= 1 {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot free page 0 or 1: %d", p.id))
-	}
-
-	// Free page and all its overflow pages.
-	var ids = f.pending[txid]
-	for id := p.id; id <= p.id+pgid(p.overflow); id++ {
-		// Verify that page is not already free.
-		if f.cache[id] {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("page %d already freed", id))
-		}
-
-		// Add to the freelist and cache.
-		ids = append(ids, id)
-		f.cache[id] = true
-	}
-	f.pending[txid] = ids
-}
-
-// release moves all page ids for a transaction id (or older) to the freelist.
-func (f *freelist) release(txid txid) {
-	m := make(pgids, 0)
-	for tid, ids := range f.pending {
-		if tid <= txid {
-			// Move transaction's pending pages to the available freelist.
-			// Don't remove from the cache since the page is still free.
-			m = append(m, ids...)
-			delete(f.pending, tid)
-		}
-	}
-	sort.Sort(m)
-	f.ids = pgids(f.ids).merge(m)
-}
-
-// rollback removes the pages from a given pending tx.
-func (f *freelist) rollback(txid txid) {
-	// Remove page ids from cache.
-	for _, id := range f.pending[txid] {
-		delete(f.cache, id)
-	}
-
-	// Remove pages from pending list.
-	delete(f.pending, txid)
-}
-
-// freed returns whether a given page is in the free list.
-func (f *freelist) freed(pgid pgid) bool {
-	return f.cache[pgid]
-}
-
-// read initializes the freelist from a freelist page.
-func (f *freelist) read(p *page) {
-	// If the page.count is at the max uint16 value (64k) then it's considered
-	// an overflow and the size of the freelist is stored as the first element.
-	idx, count := 0, int(p.count)
-	if count == 0xFFFF {
-		idx = 1
-		count = int(((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[0])
-	}
-
-	// Copy the list of page ids from the freelist.
-	if count == 0 {
-		f.ids = nil
-	} else {
-		ids := ((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[idx:count]
-		f.ids = make([]pgid, len(ids))
-		copy(f.ids, ids)
-
-		// Make sure they're sorted.
-		sort.Sort(pgids(f.ids))
-	}
-
-	// Rebuild the page cache.
-	f.reindex()
-}
-
-// write writes the page ids onto a freelist page. All free and pending ids are
-// saved to disk since in the event of a program crash, all pending ids will
-// become free.
-func (f *freelist) write(p *page) error {
-	// Combine the old free pgids and pgids waiting on an open transaction.
-
-	// Update the header flag.
-	p.flags |= freelistPageFlag
-
-	// The page.count can only hold up to 64k elements so if we overflow that
-	// number then we handle it by putting the size in the first element.
-	lenids := f.count()
-	if lenids == 0 {
-		p.count = uint16(lenids)
-	} else if lenids < 0xFFFF {
-		p.count = uint16(lenids)
-		f.copyall(((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[:])
-	} else {
-		p.count = 0xFFFF
-		((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[0] = pgid(lenids)
-		f.copyall(((*[maxAllocSize]pgid)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.ptr)))[1:])
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// reload reads the freelist from a page and filters out pending items.
-func (f *freelist) reload(p *page) {
-	f.read(p)
-
-	// Build a cache of only pending pages.
-	pcache := make(map[pgid]bool)
-	for _, pendingIDs := range f.pending {
-		for _, pendingID := range pendingIDs {
-			pcache[pendingID] = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check each page in the freelist and build a new available freelist
-	// with any pages not in the pending lists.
-	var a []pgid
-	for _, id := range f.ids {
-		if !pcache[id] {
-			a = append(a, id)
-		}
-	}
-	f.ids = a
-
-	// Once the available list is rebuilt then rebuild the free cache so that
-	// it includes the available and pending free pages.
-	f.reindex()
-}
-
-// reindex rebuilds the free cache based on available and pending free lists.
-func (f *freelist) reindex() {
-	f.cache = make(map[pgid]bool, len(f.ids))
-	for _, id := range f.ids {
-		f.cache[id] = true
-	}
-	for _, pendingIDs := range f.pending {
-		for _, pendingID := range pendingIDs {
-			f.cache[pendingID] = true
-		}
-	}
-}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+![buildah logo](https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/buildah/master/logos/buildah-logo_large.png)
+
+# [Buildah](https://www.youtube.com/embed/YVk5NgSiUw8) - a tool that facilitates building [Open Container Initiative (OCI)](https://www.opencontainers.org/) container images
+
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/containers/buildah)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/containers/buildah)
+[![Travis](https://travis-ci.org/containers/buildah.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/containers/buildah)
+
+The Buildah package provides a command line tool that can be used to
+* create a working container, either from scratch or using an image as a starting point
+* create an image, either from a working container or via the instructions in a Dockerfile
+* images can be built in either the OCI image format or the traditional upstream docker image format
+* mount a working container's root filesystem for manipulation
+* unmount a working container's root filesystem
+* use the updated contents of a container's root filesystem as a filesystem layer to create a new image
+* delete a working container or an image
+* rename a local container
+
+## Buildah Information for Developers
+
+For blogs, release announcements and more, please checkout the [buildah.io](https://buildah.io) website!
+
+**[Buildah Demos](demos)**
+
+**[Changelog](CHANGELOG.md)**
+
+**[Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)**
+
+**[Development Plan](developmentplan.md)**
+
+**[Installation notes](install.md)**
+
+**[Troubleshooting Guide](troubleshooting.md)**
+
+**[Tutorials](docs/tutorials)**
+
+## Buildah and Podman relationship
+
+Buildah and Podman are two complementary open-source projects that are
+available on most Linux platforms and both projects reside at
+[GitHub.com](https://github.com) with Buildah
+[here](https://github.com/containers/buildah) and Podman
+[here](https://github.com/containers/libpod).  Both, Buildah and Podman are
+command line tools that work on Open Container Initiative (OCI) images and
+containers.  The two projects differentiate in their specialization.
+
+Buildah specializes in building OCI images.  Buildah's commands replicate all
+of the commands that are found in a Dockerfile.  This allows building images
+with and without Dockerfiles while not requiring any root privileges.
+Buildah’s ultimate goal is to provide a lower-level coreutils interface to
+build images.  The flexibility of building images without Dockerfiles allows
+for the integration of other scripting languages into the build process.
+Buildah follows a simple fork-exec model and does not run as a daemon
+but it is based on a comprehensive API in golang, which can be vendored
+into other tools.
+
+Podman specializes in all of the commands and functions that help you to maintain and modify
+OCI images, such as pulling and tagging.  It also allows you to create, run, and maintain those containers
+created from those images.
+
+A major difference between Podman and Buildah is their concept of a container.  Podman
+allows users to create "traditional containers" where the intent of these containers is
+to be long lived.  While Buildah containers are really just created to allow content
+to be added back to the container image.  An easy way to think of it is the
+`buildah run` command emulates the RUN command in a Dockerfile while the `podman run`
+command emulates the `docker run` command in functionality.  Because of this and their underlying
+storage differences, you can not see Podman containers from within Buildah or vice versa.
+
+In short, Buildah is an efficient way to create OCI images while Podman allows
+you to manage and maintain those images and containers in a production environment using
+familiar container cli commands.  For more details, see the
+[Container Tools Guide](https://github.com/containers/buildah/tree/master/docs/containertools).
+
+## Example
+
+From [`./examples/lighttpd.sh`](examples/lighttpd.sh):
+
+```bash
+$ cat > lighttpd.sh <<"EOF"
+#!/bin/bash -x
+
+ctr1=$(buildah from "${1:-fedora}")
+
+## Get all updates and install our minimal httpd server
+buildah run "$ctr1" -- dnf update -y
+buildah run "$ctr1" -- dnf install -y lighttpd
+
+## Include some buildtime annotations
+buildah config --annotation "com.example.build.host=$(uname -n)" "$ctr1"
+
+## Run our server and expose the port
+buildah config --cmd "/usr/sbin/lighttpd -D -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" "$ctr1"
+buildah config --port 80 "$ctr1"
+
+## Commit this container to an image name
+buildah commit "$ctr1" "${2:-$USER/lighttpd}"
+EOF
+
+$ chmod +x lighttpd.sh
+$ sudo ./lighttpd.sh
+```
+
+## Commands
+| Command                                              | Description                                                                                          |
+| ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [buildah-add(1)](/docs/buildah-add.md)               | Add the contents of a file, URL, or a directory to the container.                                    |
+| [buildah-bud(1)](/docs/buildah-bud.md)               | Build an image using instructions from Dockerfiles.                                                  |
+| [buildah-commit(1)](/docs/buildah-commit.md)         | Create an image from a working container.                                                            |
+| [buildah-config(1)](/docs/buildah-config.md)         | Update image configuration settings.                                                                 |
+| [buildah-containers(1)](/docs/buildah-containers.md) | List the working containers and their base images.                                                   |
+| [buildah-copy(1)](/docs/buildah-copy.md)             | Copies the contents of a file, URL, or directory into a container's working directory.               |
+| [buildah-from(1)](/docs/buildah-from.md)             | Creates a new working container, either from scratch or using a specified image as a starting point. |
+| [buildah-images(1)](/docs/buildah-images.md)         | List images in local storage.                                                                        |
+| [buildah-info(1)](/docs/buildah-info.md)             | Display Buildah system information.                                                                  |
+| [buildah-inspect(1)](/docs/buildah-inspect.md)       | Inspects the configuration of a container or image.                                                  |
+| [buildah-mount(1)](/docs/buildah-mount.md)           | Mount the working container's root filesystem.                                                       |
+| [buildah-pull(1)](/docs/buildah-pull.md)             | Pull an image from the specified location.                                                           |
+| [buildah-push(1)](/docs/buildah-push.md)             | Push an image from local storage to elsewhere.                                                       |
+| [buildah-rename(1)](/docs/buildah-rename.md)         | Rename a local container.                                                                            |
+| [buildah-rm(1)](/docs/buildah-rm.md)                 | Removes one or more working containers.                                                              |
+| [buildah-rmi(1)](/docs/buildah-rmi.md)               | Removes one or more images.                                                                          |
+| [buildah-run(1)](/docs/buildah-run.md)               | Run a command inside of the container.                                                               |
+| [buildah-tag(1)](/docs/buildah-tag.md)               | Add an additional name to a local image.                                                             |
+| [buildah-umount(1)](/docs/buildah-umount.md)         | Unmount a working container's root file system.                                                      |
+| [buildah-unshare(1)](/docs/buildah-unshare.md)       | Launch a command in a user namespace with modified ID mappings.                                      |
+| [buildah-version(1)](/docs/buildah-version.md)       | Display the Buildah Version Information                                                              |
+
+**Future goals include:**
+* more CI tests
+* additional CLI commands (?)

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare.c

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* Open Source projects like conda-forge, want to package podman and are based
+   off of centos:6, Conda-force has minimal libc requirements and is lacking
+   the memfd.h file, so we use mmam.h
+*/
+#ifndef MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
+#define MFD_ALLOW_SEALING 2U
+#endif
+#ifndef MFD_CLOEXEC
+#define MFD_CLOEXEC 1U
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
+#define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE 1024
+#endif
+#ifndef F_ADD_SEALS
+#define F_ADD_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 9)
+#define F_GET_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 10)
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_SEAL
+#define F_SEAL_SEAL   0x0001LU
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_SHRINK
+#define F_SEAL_SHRINK 0x0002LU
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_GROW
+#define F_SEAL_GROW   0x0004LU
+#endif
+#ifndef F_SEAL_WRITE
+#define F_SEAL_WRITE  0x0008LU
+#endif
+
+#define BUFSTEP 1024
+
+static const char *_max_user_namespaces = "/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces";
+static const char *_unprivileged_user_namespaces = "/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone";
+
+static int _containers_unshare_parse_envint(const char *envname) {
+	char *p, *q;
+	long l;
+
+	p = getenv(envname);
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	q = NULL;
+	l = strtol(p, &q, 10);
+	if ((q == NULL) || (*q != '\0')) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error parsing \"%s\"=\"%s\"!\n", envname, p);
+		_exit(1);
+	}
+	unsetenv(envname);
+	return l;
+}
+
+static void _check_proc_sys_file(const char *path)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	char buf[32];
+	size_t n_read;
+	long r;
+
+	fp = fopen(path, "r");
+	if (fp == NULL) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error reading %s: %m\n", _max_user_namespaces);
+	} else {
+		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+		n_read = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf) - 1, fp);
+		if (n_read > 0) {
+			r = atoi(buf);
+			if (r == 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "User namespaces are not enabled in %s.\n", path);
+			}
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error reading %s: no contents, should contain a number greater than 0.\n", path);
+		}
+		fclose(fp);
+	}
+}
+
+static char **parse_proc_stringlist(const char *list) {
+	int fd, n, i, n_strings;
+	char *buf, *new_buf, **ret;
+	size_t size, new_size, used;
+
+	fd = open(list, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	buf = NULL;
+	size = 0;
+	used = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		new_size = used + BUFSTEP;
+		new_buf = realloc(buf, new_size);
+		if (new_buf == NULL) {
+			free(buf);
+			fprintf(stderr, "realloc(%ld): out of memory\n", (long)(size + BUFSTEP));
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		buf = new_buf;
+		size = new_size;
+		memset(buf + used, '\0', size - used);
+		n = read(fd, buf + used, size - used - 1);
+		if (n < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "read(): %m\n");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if (n == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		used += n;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	n_strings = 0;
+	for (n = 0; n < used; n++) {
+		if ((n == 0) || (buf[n-1] == '\0')) {
+			n_strings++;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = calloc(n_strings + 1, sizeof(char *));
+	if (ret == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "calloc(): out of memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	i = 0;
+	for (n = 0; n < used; n++) {
+		if ((n == 0) || (buf[n-1] == '\0')) {
+			ret[i++] = &buf[n];
+		}
+	}
+	ret[i] = NULL;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int containers_reexec(void) {
+	char **argv, *exename;
+	int fd, mmfd, n_read, n_written;
+	struct stat st;
+	char buf[2048];
+
+	argv = parse_proc_stringlist("/proc/self/cmdline");
+	if (argv == NULL) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fd = open("/proc/self/exe", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "open(\"/proc/self/exe\"): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "fstat(\"/proc/self/exe\"): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	exename = basename(argv[0]);
+	mmfd = syscall(SYS_memfd_create, exename, (long) MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_CLOEXEC);
+	if (mmfd == -1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "memfd_create(): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		n_read = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (n_read < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "read(\"/proc/self/exe\"): %m\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (n_read == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		n_written = write(mmfd, buf, n_read);
+		if (n_written < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "write(anonfd): %m\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (n_written != n_read) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "write(anonfd): short write (%d != %d)\n", n_written, n_read);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	if (fcntl(mmfd, F_ADD_SEALS, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SEAL) == -1) {
+		close(mmfd);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error sealing memfd copy: %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (fexecve(mmfd, argv, environ) == -1) {
+		close(mmfd);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error during reexec(...): %m\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void _containers_unshare(void)
+{
+	int flags, pidfd, continuefd, n, pgrp, sid, ctty;
+	char buf[2048];
+
+	flags = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-unshare");
+	if (flags == -1) {
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER): %m\n");
+                        _check_proc_sys_file (_max_user_namespaces);
+                        _check_proc_sys_file (_unprivileged_user_namespaces);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	pidfd = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-pid-pipe");
+	if (pidfd != -1) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu", (unsigned long long) getpid());
+		size_t size = write(pidfd, buf, strlen(buf));
+		if (size != strlen(buf)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error writing PID to pipe on fd %d: %m\n", pidfd);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+		close(pidfd);
+	}
+	continuefd = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-continue-pipe");
+	if (continuefd != -1) {
+		n = read(continuefd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (n > 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error: %.*s\n", n, buf);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+		close(continuefd);
+	}
+	sid = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-setsid");
+	if (sid == 1) {
+		if (setsid() == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setsid: %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	pgrp = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-setpgrp");
+	if (pgrp == 1) {
+		if (setpgrp() == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setpgrp: %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	ctty = _containers_unshare_parse_envint("_Containers-ctty");
+	if (ctty != -1) {
+		if (ioctl(ctty, TIOCSCTTY, 0) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error while setting controlling terminal to %d: %m\n", ctty);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ((flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
+		if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setresgid(0): %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+		if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during setresuid(0): %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ((flags & ~CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
+		if (unshare(flags & ~CLONE_NEWUSER) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error during unshare(...): %m\n");
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (containers_reexec() != 0) {
+		_exit(1);
+	}
+	return;
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare.go

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+// +build linux
+
+package unshare
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools"
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
+)
+
+// Cmd wraps an exec.Cmd created by the reexec package in unshare(), and
+// handles setting ID maps and other related settings by triggering
+// initialization code in the child.
+type Cmd struct {
+	*exec.Cmd
+	UnshareFlags               int
+	UseNewuidmap               bool
+	UidMappings                []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	UseNewgidmap               bool
+	GidMappings                []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	GidMappingsEnableSetgroups bool
+	Setsid                     bool
+	Setpgrp                    bool
+	Ctty                       *os.File
+	OOMScoreAdj                *int
+	Hook                       func(pid int) error
+}
+
+// Command creates a new Cmd which can be customized.
+func Command(args ...string) *Cmd {
+	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
+	return &Cmd{
+		Cmd: cmd,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) Start() error {
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	// Set an environment variable to tell the child to synchronize its startup.
+	if c.Env == nil {
+		c.Env = os.Environ()
+	}
+	c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-unshare=%d", c.UnshareFlags))
+
+	// Please the libpod "rootless" package to find the expected env variables.
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, "_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED=done")
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID=%d", os.Geteuid()))
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_GID=%d", os.Getegid()))
+	}
+
+	// Create the pipe for reading the child's PID.
+	pidRead, pidWrite, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating pid pipe")
+	}
+	c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-pid-pipe=%d", len(c.ExtraFiles)+3))
+	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, pidWrite)
+
+	// Create the pipe for letting the child know to proceed.
+	continueRead, continueWrite, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		pidRead.Close()
+		pidWrite.Close()
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating pid pipe")
+	}
+	c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-continue-pipe=%d", len(c.ExtraFiles)+3))
+	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, continueRead)
+
+	// Pass along other instructions.
+	if c.Setsid {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, "_Containers-setsid=1")
+	}
+	if c.Setpgrp {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, "_Containers-setpgrp=1")
+	}
+	if c.Ctty != nil {
+		c.Env = append(c.Env, fmt.Sprintf("_Containers-ctty=%d", len(c.ExtraFiles)+3))
+		c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, c.Ctty)
+	}
+
+	// Make sure we clean up our pipes.
+	defer func() {
+		if pidRead != nil {
+			pidRead.Close()
+		}
+		if pidWrite != nil {
+			pidWrite.Close()
+		}
+		if continueRead != nil {
+			continueRead.Close()
+		}
+		if continueWrite != nil {
+			continueWrite.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Start the new process.
+	err = c.Cmd.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Close the ends of the pipes that the parent doesn't need.
+	continueRead.Close()
+	continueRead = nil
+	pidWrite.Close()
+	pidWrite = nil
+
+	// Read the child's PID from the pipe.
+	pidString := ""
+	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	io.Copy(b, pidRead)
+	pidString = b.String()
+	pid, err := strconv.Atoi(pidString)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error parsing PID %q: %v", pidString, err)
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing PID %q", pidString)
+	}
+	pidString = fmt.Sprintf("%d", pid)
+
+	// If we created a new user namespace, set any specified mappings.
+	if c.UnshareFlags&syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER != 0 {
+		// Always set "setgroups".
+		setgroups, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/setgroups", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening setgroups: %v", err)
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+		}
+		defer setgroups.Close()
+		if c.GidMappingsEnableSetgroups {
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(setgroups, "allow"); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing \"allow\" to setgroups: %v", err)
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening \"allow\" to /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(setgroups, "deny"); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing \"deny\" to setgroups: %v", err)
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing \"deny\" to /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(c.UidMappings) == 0 || len(c.GidMappings) == 0 {
+			uidmap, gidmap, err := GetHostIDMappings("")
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error reading ID mappings in parent: %v", err)
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading ID mappings in parent")
+			}
+			if len(c.UidMappings) == 0 {
+				c.UidMappings = uidmap
+				for i := range c.UidMappings {
+					c.UidMappings[i].HostID = c.UidMappings[i].ContainerID
+				}
+			}
+			if len(c.GidMappings) == 0 {
+				c.GidMappings = gidmap
+				for i := range c.GidMappings {
+					c.GidMappings[i].HostID = c.GidMappings[i].ContainerID
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(c.GidMappings) > 0 {
+			// Build the GID map, since writing to the proc file has to be done all at once.
+			g := new(bytes.Buffer)
+			for _, m := range c.GidMappings {
+				fmt.Fprintf(g, "%d %d %d\n", m.ContainerID, m.HostID, m.Size)
+			}
+			gidmapSet := false
+			// Set the GID map.
+			if c.UseNewgidmap {
+				cmd := exec.Command("newgidmap", append([]string{pidString}, strings.Fields(strings.Replace(g.String(), "\n", " ", -1))...)...)
+				g.Reset()
+				cmd.Stdout = g
+				cmd.Stderr = g
+				err := cmd.Run()
+				if err == nil {
+					gidmapSet = true
+				} else {
+					logrus.Warnf("error running newgidmap: %v: %s", err, g.String())
+					logrus.Warnf("falling back to single mapping")
+					g.Reset()
+					g.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("0 %d 1\n", os.Getegid())))
+				}
+			}
+			if !gidmapSet {
+				if c.UseNewgidmap {
+					setgroups, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/setgroups", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+					if err != nil {
+						fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening /proc/%s/setgroups: %v", pidString, err)
+						return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+					}
+					defer setgroups.Close()
+					if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(setgroups, "deny"); err != nil {
+						fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing 'deny' to /proc/%s/setgroups: %v", pidString, err)
+						return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing 'deny' to /proc/%s/setgroups", pidString)
+					}
+				}
+				gidmap, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/gid_map", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening /proc/%s/gid_map: %v", pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/gid_map", pidString)
+				}
+				defer gidmap.Close()
+				if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(gidmap, "%s", g.String()); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/gid_map: %v", g.String(), pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/gid_map", g.String(), pidString)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(c.UidMappings) > 0 {
+			// Build the UID map, since writing to the proc file has to be done all at once.
+			u := new(bytes.Buffer)
+			for _, m := range c.UidMappings {
+				fmt.Fprintf(u, "%d %d %d\n", m.ContainerID, m.HostID, m.Size)
+			}
+			uidmapSet := false
+			// Set the GID map.
+			if c.UseNewuidmap {
+				cmd := exec.Command("newuidmap", append([]string{pidString}, strings.Fields(strings.Replace(u.String(), "\n", " ", -1))...)...)
+				u.Reset()
+				cmd.Stdout = u
+				cmd.Stderr = u
+				err := cmd.Run()
+				if err == nil {
+					uidmapSet = true
+				} else {
+					logrus.Warnf("error running newuidmap: %v: %s", err, u.String())
+					logrus.Warnf("falling back to single mapping")
+					u.Reset()
+					u.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("0 %d 1\n", os.Geteuid())))
+				}
+			}
+			if !uidmapSet {
+				uidmap, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/uid_map", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening /proc/%s/uid_map: %v", pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/uid_map", pidString)
+				}
+				defer uidmap.Close()
+				if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(uidmap, "%s", u.String()); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/uid_map: %v", u.String(), pidString, err)
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing %q to /proc/%s/uid_map", u.String(), pidString)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c.OOMScoreAdj != nil {
+		oomScoreAdj, err := os.OpenFile(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/oom_score_adj", pidString), os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error opening oom_score_adj: %v", err)
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error opening /proc/%s/oom_score_adj", pidString)
+		}
+		defer oomScoreAdj.Close()
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(oomScoreAdj, "%d\n", *c.OOMScoreAdj); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "error writing \"%d\" to oom_score_adj: %v", c.OOMScoreAdj, err)
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error writing \"%d\" to /proc/%s/oom_score_adj", c.OOMScoreAdj, pidString)
+		}
+	}
+	// Run any additional setup that we want to do before the child starts running proper.
+	if c.Hook != nil {
+		if err = c.Hook(pid); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(continueWrite, "hook error: %v", err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) Run() error {
+	if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.Wait()
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("unshare: CombinedOutput() not implemented")
+}
+
+func (c *Cmd) Output() ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("unshare: Output() not implemented")
+}
+
+var (
+	isRootlessOnce sync.Once
+	isRootless     bool
+)
+
+const (
+	// UsernsEnvName is the environment variable, if set indicates in rootless mode
+	UsernsEnvName = "_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED"
+)
+
+// IsRootless tells us if we are running in rootless mode
+func IsRootless() bool {
+	isRootlessOnce.Do(func() {
+		isRootless = os.Geteuid() != 0 || os.Getenv(UsernsEnvName) != ""
+	})
+	return isRootless
+}
+
+// GetRootlessUID returns the UID of the user in the parent userNS
+func GetRootlessUID() int {
+	uidEnv := os.Getenv("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID")
+	if uidEnv != "" {
+		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(uidEnv)
+		return u
+	}
+	return os.Getuid()
+}
+
+// RootlessEnv returns the environment settings for the rootless containers
+func RootlessEnv() []string {
+	return append(os.Environ(), UsernsEnvName+"=done")
+}
+
+type Runnable interface {
+	Run() error
+}
+
+func bailOnError(err error, format string, a ...interface{}) {
+	if err != nil {
+		if format != "" {
+			logrus.Errorf("%s: %v", fmt.Sprintf(format, a...), err)
+		} else {
+			logrus.Errorf("%v", err)
+		}
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace re-exec the process in a new namespace
+func MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(evenForRoot bool) {
+	// If we've already been through this once, no need to try again.
+	if os.Geteuid() == 0 && IsRootless() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var uidNum, gidNum uint64
+	// Figure out who we are.
+	me, err := user.Current()
+	if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		bailOnError(err, "error determining current user")
+		uidNum, err = strconv.ParseUint(me.Uid, 10, 32)
+		bailOnError(err, "error parsing current UID %s", me.Uid)
+		gidNum, err = strconv.ParseUint(me.Gid, 10, 32)
+		bailOnError(err, "error parsing current GID %s", me.Gid)
+	}
+
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	// ID mappings to use to reexec ourselves.
+	var uidmap, gidmap []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	if uidNum != 0 || evenForRoot {
+		// Read the set of ID mappings that we're allowed to use.  Each
+		// range in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid file is a starting host
+		// ID and a range size.
+		uidmap, gidmap, err = GetSubIDMappings(me.Username, me.Username)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Warnf("error reading allowed ID mappings: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(uidmap) == 0 {
+			logrus.Warnf("Found no UID ranges set aside for user %q in /etc/subuid.", me.Username)
+		}
+		if len(gidmap) == 0 {
+			logrus.Warnf("Found no GID ranges set aside for user %q in /etc/subgid.", me.Username)
+		}
+		// Map our UID and GID, then the subuid and subgid ranges,
+		// consecutively, starting at 0, to get the mappings to use for
+		// a copy of ourselves.
+		uidmap = append([]specs.LinuxIDMapping{{HostID: uint32(uidNum), ContainerID: 0, Size: 1}}, uidmap...)
+		gidmap = append([]specs.LinuxIDMapping{{HostID: uint32(gidNum), ContainerID: 0, Size: 1}}, gidmap...)
+		var rangeStart uint32
+		for i := range uidmap {
+			uidmap[i].ContainerID = rangeStart
+			rangeStart += uidmap[i].Size
+		}
+		rangeStart = 0
+		for i := range gidmap {
+			gidmap[i].ContainerID = rangeStart
+			rangeStart += gidmap[i].Size
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN, then we don't need to create a new namespace in order to be able
+		// to use unshare(), so don't bother creating a new user namespace at this point.
+		capabilities, err := capability.NewPid(0)
+		bailOnError(err, "error reading the current capabilities sets")
+		if capabilities.Get(capability.EFFECTIVE, capability.CAP_SYS_ADMIN) {
+			return
+		}
+		// Read the set of ID mappings that we're currently using.
+		uidmap, gidmap, err = GetHostIDMappings("")
+		bailOnError(err, "error reading current ID mappings")
+		// Just reuse them.
+		for i := range uidmap {
+			uidmap[i].HostID = uidmap[i].ContainerID
+		}
+		for i := range gidmap {
+			gidmap[i].HostID = gidmap[i].ContainerID
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Unlike most uses of reexec or unshare, we're using a name that
+	// _won't_ be recognized as a registered reexec handler, since we
+	// _want_ to fall through reexec.Init() to the normal main().
+	cmd := Command(append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("%s-in-a-user-namespace", os.Args[0])}, os.Args[1:]...)...)
+
+	// If, somehow, we don't become UID 0 in our child, indicate that the child shouldn't try again.
+	err = os.Setenv(UsernsEnvName, "1")
+	bailOnError(err, "error setting %s=1 in environment", UsernsEnvName)
+
+	// Set the default isolation type to use the "rootless" method.
+	if _, present := os.LookupEnv("BUILDAH_ISOLATION"); !present {
+		if err = os.Setenv("BUILDAH_ISOLATION", "rootless"); err != nil {
+			if err := os.Setenv("BUILDAH_ISOLATION", "rootless"); err != nil {
+				logrus.Errorf("error setting BUILDAH_ISOLATION=rootless in environment: %v", err)
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reuse our stdio.
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	// Set up a new user namespace with the ID mapping.
+	cmd.UnshareFlags = syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER | syscall.CLONE_NEWNS
+	cmd.UseNewuidmap = uidNum != 0
+	cmd.UidMappings = uidmap
+	cmd.UseNewgidmap = uidNum != 0
+	cmd.GidMappings = gidmap
+	cmd.GidMappingsEnableSetgroups = true
+
+	// Finish up.
+	logrus.Debugf("running %+v with environment %+v, UID map %+v, and GID map %+v", cmd.Cmd.Args, os.Environ(), cmd.UidMappings, cmd.GidMappings)
+	ExecRunnable(cmd)
+}
+
+// ExecRunnable runs the specified unshare command, captures its exit status,
+// and exits with the same status.
+func ExecRunnable(cmd Runnable) {
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if exitError, ok := errors.Cause(err).(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			if exitError.ProcessState.Exited() {
+				if waitStatus, ok := exitError.ProcessState.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok {
+					if waitStatus.Exited() {
+						logrus.Errorf("%v", exitError)
+						os.Exit(waitStatus.ExitStatus())
+					}
+					if waitStatus.Signaled() {
+						logrus.Errorf("%v", exitError)
+						os.Exit(int(waitStatus.Signal()) + 128)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		logrus.Errorf("%v", err)
+		logrus.Errorf("(unable to determine exit status)")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+// getHostIDMappings reads mappings from the named node under /proc.
+func getHostIDMappings(path string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	var mappings []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading ID mappings from %q", path)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		fields := strings.Fields(line)
+		if len(fields) != 3 {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("line %q from %q has %d fields, not 3", line, path, len(fields))
+		}
+		cid, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[0], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing container ID value %q from line %q in %q", fields[0], line, path)
+		}
+		hid, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[1], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing host ID value %q from line %q in %q", fields[1], line, path)
+		}
+		size, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[2], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing size value %q from line %q in %q", fields[2], line, path)
+		}
+		mappings = append(mappings, specs.LinuxIDMapping{ContainerID: uint32(cid), HostID: uint32(hid), Size: uint32(size)})
+	}
+	return mappings, nil
+}
+
+// GetHostIDMappings reads mappings for the specified process (or the current
+// process if pid is "self" or an empty string) from the kernel.
+func GetHostIDMappings(pid string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, []specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	if pid == "" {
+		pid = "self"
+	}
+	uidmap, err := getHostIDMappings(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/uid_map", pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	gidmap, err := getHostIDMappings(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/gid_map", pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return uidmap, gidmap, nil
+}
+
+// GetSubIDMappings reads mappings from /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid.
+func GetSubIDMappings(user, group string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, []specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	mappings, err := idtools.NewIDMappings(user, group)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading subuid mappings for user %q and subgid mappings for group %q", user, group)
+	}
+	var uidmap, gidmap []specs.LinuxIDMapping
+	for _, m := range mappings.UIDs() {
+		uidmap = append(uidmap, specs.LinuxIDMapping{
+			ContainerID: uint32(m.ContainerID),
+			HostID:      uint32(m.HostID),
+			Size:        uint32(m.Size),
+		})
+	}
+	for _, m := range mappings.GIDs() {
+		gidmap = append(gidmap, specs.LinuxIDMapping{
+			ContainerID: uint32(m.ContainerID),
+			HostID:      uint32(m.HostID),
+			Size:        uint32(m.Size),
+		})
+	}
+	return uidmap, gidmap, nil
+}
+
+// ParseIDMappings parses mapping triples.
+func ParseIDMappings(uidmap, gidmap []string) ([]idtools.IDMap, []idtools.IDMap, error) {
+	uid, err := idtools.ParseIDMap(uidmap, "userns-uid-map")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	gid, err := idtools.ParseIDMap(gidmap, "userns-gid-map")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return uid, gid, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare_cgo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// +build linux,cgo,!gccgo
+
+package unshare
+
+// #cgo CFLAGS: -Wall
+// extern void _containers_unshare(void);
+// void __attribute__((constructor)) init(void) {
+//   _containers_unshare();
+// }
+import "C"

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare_gccgo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// +build linux,cgo,gccgo
+
+package unshare
+
+// #cgo CFLAGS: -Wall -Wextra
+// extern void _containers_unshare(void);
+// void __attribute__((constructor)) init(void) {
+//   _containers_unshare();
+// }
+import "C"
+
+// This next bit is straight out of libcontainer.
+
+// AlwaysFalse is here to stay false
+// (and be exported so the compiler doesn't optimize out its reference)
+var AlwaysFalse bool
+
+func init() {
+	if AlwaysFalse {
+		// by referencing this C init() in a noop test, it will ensure the compiler
+		// links in the C function.
+		// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65134
+		C.init()
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare/unshare_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package unshare
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+)
+
+const (
+	// UsernsEnvName is the environment variable, if set indicates in rootless mode
+	UsernsEnvName = "_CONTAINERS_USERNS_CONFIGURED"
+)
+
+// IsRootless tells us if we are running in rootless mode
+func IsRootless() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// GetRootlessUID returns the UID of the user in the parent userNS
+func GetRootlessUID() int {
+	return os.Getuid()
+}
+
+// RootlessEnv returns the environment settings for the rootless containers
+func RootlessEnv() []string {
+	return append(os.Environ(), UsernsEnvName+"=")
+}
+
+// MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace re-exec the process in a new namespace
+func MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(evenForRoot bool) {
+}
+
+// GetHostIDMappings reads mappings for the specified process (or the current
+// process if pid is "self" or an empty string) from the kernel.
+func GetHostIDMappings(pid string) ([]specs.LinuxIDMapping, []specs.LinuxIDMapping, error) {
+	return nil, nil, nil
+}
+
+// ParseIDMappings parses mapping triples.
+func ParseIDMappings(uidmap, gidmap []string) ([]idtools.IDMap, []idtools.IDMap, error) {
+	return nil, nil, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/buildah/vendor.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm d6e3b3328b783f23731bc4d058875b0371ff8109
+github.com/blang/semver v3.5.0
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.2.0
+github.com/containerd/continuity 004b46473808b3e7a4a3049c20e4376c91eb966d
+github.com/containernetworking/cni v0.7.0-rc2
+github.com/containers/image v2.0.0
+github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.1
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.10
+github.com/docker/distribution 5f6282db7d65e6d72ad7c2cc66310724a57be716
+github.com/docker/docker 54dddadc7d5d89fe0be88f76979f6f6ab0dede83
+github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.1
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.3.2
+github.com/docker/libtrust aabc10ec26b754e797f9028f4589c5b7bd90dc20
+github.com/docker/libnetwork 1a06131fb8a047d919f7deaf02a4c414d7884b83
+github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient v1.3.0
+github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.2.0
+github.com/gorilla/context v1.1.1
+github.com/gorilla/mux v1.6.2
+github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.0.0
+github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.0.0
+github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6
+github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.3
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.11
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.3
+github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs v2.1.1
+github.com/moby/moby f8806b18b4b92c5e1980f6e11c917fad201cd73c
+github.com/mtrmac/gpgme b2432428689ca58c2b8e8dea9449d3295cf96fc9
+# TODO: Gotty has not been updated since 2012. Can we find a replacement?
+github.com/Nvveen/Gotty cd527374f1e5bff4938207604a14f2e38a9cf512
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest c9281466c8b2f606084ac71339773efd177436e7
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.0
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.8.0
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.1
+github.com/openshift/imagebuilder v1.1.0
+github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go 9ab99253d365aac3a330d1f7281cf29f3d22820b
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
+github.com/pquerna/ffjson d49c2bc1aa135aad0c6f4fc2056623ec78f5d5ac
+github.com/seccomp/libseccomp-golang v0.9.0
+github.com/seccomp/containers-golang v0.1
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
+github.com/syndtr/gocapability d98352740cb2c55f81556b63d4a1ec64c5a319c2
+github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.5
+github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer 4e3ac2762d5f479393488629ee9370b50873b3a6
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference bd5ef7bd5415a7ac448318e64f11a24cd21e594b
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0
+golang.org/x/crypto ff983b9c42bc9fbf91556e191cc8efb585c16908 https://github.com/golang/crypto
+golang.org/x/net 45ffb0cd1ba084b73e26dee67e667e1be5acce83 https://github.com/golang/net
+golang.org/x/sync 37e7f081c4d4c64e13b10787722085407fe5d15f https://github.com/golang/sync
+golang.org/x/sys 7fbe1cd0fcc20051e1fcb87fbabec4a1bacaaeba https://github.com/golang/sys
+golang.org/x/text e6919f6577db79269a6443b9dc46d18f2238fb5d https://github.com/golang/text
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2
+k8s.io/client-go kubernetes-1.10.13-beta.0 https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go
+github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0
+github.com/onsi/gomega v1.4.3
+github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.3
+github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
+github.com/ishidawataru/sctp 07191f837fedd2f13d1ec7b5f885f0f3ec54b1cb
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2

vendor/github.com/containers/image/README.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ the primary downside is that creating new signatures with the Golang-only implem
 - `containers_image_ostree_stub`: Instead of importing `ostree:` transport in `github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports`, use a stub which reports that the transport is not supported. This allows building the library without requiring the `libostree` development libraries. The `github.com/containers/image/ostree` package is completely disabled
 and impossible to import when this build tag is in use.
 
-## [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)**
+## [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)
 
 Information about contributing to this project.
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/copy/copy.go

@@ -6,24 +6,29 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
 	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/compression"
 	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
 	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/vbauerster/mpb"
+	"github.com/vbauerster/mpb/decor"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/terminal"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
-	pb "gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1"
 )
 
 type digestingReader struct {
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ type copier struct {
 	dest             types.ImageDestination
 	rawSource        types.ImageSource
 	reportWriter     io.Writer
+	progressOutput   io.Writer
 	progressInterval time.Duration
 	progress         chan types.ProgressProperties
 	blobInfoCache    types.BlobInfoCache
@@ -152,11 +158,19 @@ func Image(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef,
 		}
 	}()
 
+	// If reportWriter is not a TTY (e.g., when piping to a file), do not
+	// print the progress bars to avoid long and hard to parse output.
+	// createProgressBar() will print a single line instead.
+	progressOutput := reportWriter
+	if !isTTY(reportWriter) {
+		progressOutput = ioutil.Discard
+	}
 	copyInParallel := dest.HasThreadSafePutBlob() && rawSource.HasThreadSafeGetBlob()
 	c := &copier{
 		dest:             dest,
 		rawSource:        rawSource,
 		reportWriter:     reportWriter,
+		progressOutput:   progressOutput,
 		progressInterval: options.ProgressInterval,
 		progress:         options.Progress,
 		copyInParallel:   copyInParallel,
@@ -201,7 +215,7 @@ func Image(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef,
 
 // Image copies a single (on-manifest-list) image unparsedImage, using policyContext to validate
 // source image admissibility.
-func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, options *Options, unparsedImage *image.UnparsedImage) (manifest []byte, retErr error) {
+func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, options *Options, unparsedImage *image.UnparsedImage) (manifestBytes []byte, retErr error) {
 	// The caller is handling manifest lists; this could happen only if a manifest list contains a manifest list.
 	// Make sure we fail cleanly in such cases.
 	multiImage, err := isMultiImage(ctx, unparsedImage)
@@ -224,6 +238,26 @@ func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.Poli
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error initializing image from source %s", transports.ImageName(c.rawSource.Reference()))
 	}
 
+	// If the destination is a digested reference, make a note of that, determine what digest value we're
+	// expecting, and check that the source manifest matches it.
+	destIsDigestedReference := false
+	if named := c.dest.Reference().DockerReference(); named != nil {
+		if digested, ok := named.(reference.Digested); ok {
+			destIsDigestedReference = true
+			sourceManifest, _, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading manifest from source image")
+			}
+			matches, err := manifest.MatchesDigest(sourceManifest, digested.Digest())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error computing digest of source image's manifest")
+			}
+			if !matches {
+				return nil, errors.New("Digest of source image's manifest would not match destination reference")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if err := checkImageDestinationForCurrentRuntimeOS(ctx, options.DestinationCtx, src, c.dest); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -251,15 +285,15 @@ func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.Poli
 		manifestUpdates: &types.ManifestUpdateOptions{InformationOnly: types.ManifestUpdateInformation{Destination: c.dest}},
 		src:             src,
 		// diffIDsAreNeeded is computed later
-		canModifyManifest: len(sigs) == 0,
-		// Ensure _this_ copy sees exactly the intended data when either processing a signed image or signing it.
-		// This may be too conservative, but for now, better safe than sorry, _especially_ on the SignBy path:
-		// The signature makes the content non-repudiable, so it very much matters that the signature is made over exactly what the user intended.
-		// We do intend the RecordDigestUncompressedPair calls to only work with reliable data, but at least there’s a risk
-		// that the compressed version coming from a third party may be designed to attack some other decompressor implementation,
-		// and we would reuse and sign it.
-		canSubstituteBlobs: len(sigs) == 0 && options.SignBy == "",
+		canModifyManifest: len(sigs) == 0 && !destIsDigestedReference,
 	}
+	// Ensure _this_ copy sees exactly the intended data when either processing a signed image or signing it.
+	// This may be too conservative, but for now, better safe than sorry, _especially_ on the SignBy path:
+	// The signature makes the content non-repudiable, so it very much matters that the signature is made over exactly what the user intended.
+	// We do intend the RecordDigestUncompressedPair calls to only work with reliable data, but at least there’s a risk
+	// that the compressed version coming from a third party may be designed to attack some other decompressor implementation,
+	// and we would reuse and sign it.
+	ic.canSubstituteBlobs = ic.canModifyManifest && options.SignBy == ""
 
 	if err := ic.updateEmbeddedDockerReference(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -283,7 +317,7 @@ func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.Poli
 	// and at least with the OpenShift registry "acceptschema2" option, there is no way to detect the support
 	// without actually trying to upload something and getting a types.ManifestTypeRejectedError.
 	// So, try the preferred manifest MIME type. If the process succeeds, fine…
-	manifest, err = ic.copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest(ctx)
+	manifestBytes, err = ic.copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Writing manifest using preferred type %s failed: %v", preferredManifestMIMEType, err)
 		// … if it fails, _and_ the failure is because the manifest is rejected, we may have other options.
@@ -314,7 +348,7 @@ func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.Poli
 			}
 
 			// We have successfully uploaded a manifest.
-			manifest = attemptedManifest
+			manifestBytes = attemptedManifest
 			errs = nil // Mark this as a success so that we don't abort below.
 			break
 		}
@@ -324,7 +358,7 @@ func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.Poli
 	}
 
 	if options.SignBy != "" {
-		newSig, err := c.createSignature(manifest, options.SignBy)
+		newSig, err := c.createSignature(manifestBytes, options.SignBy)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -336,7 +370,7 @@ func (c *copier) copyOneImage(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.Poli
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error writing signatures")
 	}
 
-	return manifest, nil
+	return manifestBytes, nil
 }
 
 // Printf writes a formatted string to c.reportWriter.
@@ -389,19 +423,12 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) updateEmbeddedDockerReference() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// shortDigest returns the first 12 characters of the digest.
-func shortDigest(d digest.Digest) string {
-	return d.Encoded()[:12]
-}
-
-// createProgressBar creates a pb.ProgressBar.
-func createProgressBar(srcInfo types.BlobInfo, kind string) *pb.ProgressBar {
-	bar := pb.New(int(srcInfo.Size)).SetUnits(pb.U_BYTES)
-	bar.SetMaxWidth(80)
-	bar.ShowTimeLeft = false
-	bar.ShowPercent = false
-	bar.Prefix(fmt.Sprintf("Copying %s %s:", kind, shortDigest(srcInfo.Digest)))
-	return bar
+// isTTY returns true if the io.Writer is a file and a tty.
+func isTTY(w io.Writer) bool {
+	if f, ok := w.(*os.File); ok {
+		return terminal.IsTerminal(int(f.Fd()))
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // copyLayers copies layers from ic.src/ic.c.rawSource to dest, using and updating ic.manifestUpdates if necessary and ic.canModifyManifest.
@@ -430,6 +457,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayers(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// copyGroup is used to determine if all layers are copied
 	copyGroup := sync.WaitGroup{}
 	copyGroup.Add(numLayers)
+
 	// copySemaphore is used to limit the number of parallel downloads to
 	// avoid malicious images causing troubles and to be nice to servers.
 	var copySemaphore *semaphore.Weighted
@@ -440,8 +468,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayers(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	data := make([]copyLayerData, numLayers)
-	copyLayerHelper := func(index int, srcLayer types.BlobInfo, bar *pb.ProgressBar) {
-		defer bar.Finish()
+	copyLayerHelper := func(index int, srcLayer types.BlobInfo, pool *mpb.Progress) {
 		defer copySemaphore.Release(1)
 		defer copyGroup.Done()
 		cld := copyLayerData{}
@@ -451,43 +478,31 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayers(ctx context.Context) error {
 			// does not support them.
 			if ic.diffIDsAreNeeded {
 				cld.err = errors.New("getting DiffID for foreign layers is unimplemented")
-				bar.Prefix(fmt.Sprintf("Skipping blob %s (DiffID foreign layer unimplemented):", shortDigest(srcLayer.Digest)))
-				bar.Finish()
 			} else {
 				cld.destInfo = srcLayer
-				logrus.Debugf("Skipping foreign layer %q copy to %s\n", cld.destInfo.Digest, ic.c.dest.Reference().Transport().Name())
-				bar.Prefix(fmt.Sprintf("Skipping blob %s (foreign layer):", shortDigest(srcLayer.Digest)))
-				bar.Add64(bar.Total)
-				bar.Finish()
+				logrus.Debugf("Skipping foreign layer %q copy to %s", cld.destInfo.Digest, ic.c.dest.Reference().Transport().Name())
 			}
 		} else {
-			cld.destInfo, cld.diffID, cld.err = ic.copyLayer(ctx, srcLayer, bar)
+			cld.destInfo, cld.diffID, cld.err = ic.copyLayer(ctx, srcLayer, pool)
 		}
 		data[index] = cld
 	}
 
-	progressBars := make([]*pb.ProgressBar, numLayers)
-	for i, srcInfo := range srcInfos {
-		bar := createProgressBar(srcInfo, "blob")
-		progressBars[i] = bar
-	}
+	func() { // A scope for defer
+		progressPool, progressCleanup := ic.c.newProgressPool(ctx)
+		defer progressCleanup()
 
-	progressPool := pb.NewPool(progressBars...)
-	if err := progressPool.Start(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating progress-bar pool")
-	}
+		for i, srcLayer := range srcInfos {
+			copySemaphore.Acquire(ctx, 1)
+			go copyLayerHelper(i, srcLayer, progressPool)
+		}
 
-	for i, srcLayer := range srcInfos {
-		copySemaphore.Acquire(ctx, 1)
-		go copyLayerHelper(i, srcLayer, progressBars[i])
-	}
+		// Wait for all layers to be copied
+		copyGroup.Wait()
+	}()
 
 	destInfos := make([]types.BlobInfo, numLayers)
 	diffIDs := make([]digest.Digest, numLayers)
-
-	copyGroup.Wait()
-	progressPool.Stop()
-
 	for i, cld := range data {
 		if cld.err != nil {
 			return cld.err
@@ -558,6 +573,45 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyUpdatedConfigAndManifest(ctx context.Context) ([]byte
 	return manifest, nil
 }
 
+// newProgressPool creates a *mpb.Progress and a cleanup function.
+// The caller must eventually call the returned cleanup function after the pool will no longer be updated.
+func (c *copier) newProgressPool(ctx context.Context) (*mpb.Progress, func()) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	pool := mpb.New(mpb.WithWidth(40), mpb.WithOutput(c.progressOutput), mpb.WithContext(ctx))
+	return pool, func() {
+		cancel()
+		pool.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+// createProgressBar creates a mpb.Bar in pool.  Note that if the copier's reportWriter
+// is ioutil.Discard, the progress bar's output will be discarded
+func (c *copier) createProgressBar(pool *mpb.Progress, info types.BlobInfo, kind string, onComplete string) *mpb.Bar {
+	// shortDigestLen is the length of the digest used for blobs.
+	const shortDigestLen = 12
+
+	prefix := fmt.Sprintf("Copying %s %s", kind, info.Digest.Encoded())
+	// Truncate the prefix (chopping of some part of the digest) to make all progress bars aligned in a column.
+	maxPrefixLen := len("Copying blob ") + shortDigestLen
+	if len(prefix) > maxPrefixLen {
+		prefix = prefix[:maxPrefixLen]
+	}
+
+	bar := pool.AddBar(info.Size,
+		mpb.BarClearOnComplete(),
+		mpb.PrependDecorators(
+			decor.Name(prefix),
+		),
+		mpb.AppendDecorators(
+			decor.OnComplete(decor.CountersKibiByte("%.1f / %.1f"), " "+onComplete),
+		),
+	)
+	if c.progressOutput == ioutil.Discard {
+		c.Printf("Copying %s %s\n", kind, info.Digest)
+	}
+	return bar
+}
+
 // copyConfig copies config.json, if any, from src to dest.
 func (c *copier) copyConfig(ctx context.Context, src types.Image) error {
 	srcInfo := src.ConfigInfo()
@@ -566,12 +620,20 @@ func (c *copier) copyConfig(ctx context.Context, src types.Image) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading config blob %s", srcInfo.Digest)
 		}
-		bar := createProgressBar(srcInfo, "config")
-		defer bar.Finish()
-		bar.Start()
-		destInfo, err := c.copyBlobFromStream(ctx, bytes.NewReader(configBlob), srcInfo, nil, false, true, bar)
+
+		destInfo, err := func() (types.BlobInfo, error) { // A scope for defer
+			progressPool, progressCleanup := c.newProgressPool(ctx)
+			defer progressCleanup()
+			bar := c.createProgressBar(progressPool, srcInfo, "config", "done")
+			destInfo, err := c.copyBlobFromStream(ctx, bytes.NewReader(configBlob), srcInfo, nil, false, true, bar)
+			if err != nil {
+				return types.BlobInfo{}, err
+			}
+			bar.SetTotal(int64(len(configBlob)), true)
+			return destInfo, nil
+		}()
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil
 		}
 		if destInfo.Digest != srcInfo.Digest {
 			return errors.Errorf("Internal error: copying uncompressed config blob %s changed digest to %s", srcInfo.Digest, destInfo.Digest)
@@ -589,7 +651,7 @@ type diffIDResult struct {
 
 // copyLayer copies a layer with srcInfo (with known Digest and possibly known Size) in src to dest, perhaps compressing it if canCompress,
 // and returns a complete blobInfo of the copied layer, and a value for LayerDiffIDs if diffIDIsNeeded
-func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, bar *pb.ProgressBar) (types.BlobInfo, digest.Digest, error) {
+func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, pool *mpb.Progress) (types.BlobInfo, digest.Digest, error) {
 	cachedDiffID := ic.c.blobInfoCache.UncompressedDigest(srcInfo.Digest) // May be ""
 	diffIDIsNeeded := ic.diffIDsAreNeeded && cachedDiffID == ""
 
@@ -600,9 +662,9 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, ba
 			return types.BlobInfo{}, "", errors.Wrapf(err, "Error trying to reuse blob %s at destination", srcInfo.Digest)
 		}
 		if reused {
-			bar.Prefix(fmt.Sprintf("Skipping blob %s (already present):", shortDigest(srcInfo.Digest)))
-			bar.Add64(bar.Total)
-			bar.Finish()
+			logrus.Debugf("Skipping blob %s (already present):", srcInfo.Digest)
+			bar := ic.c.createProgressBar(pool, srcInfo, "blob", "skipped: already exists")
+			bar.SetTotal(0, true)
 			return blobInfo, cachedDiffID, nil
 		}
 	}
@@ -614,11 +676,14 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, ba
 	}
 	defer srcStream.Close()
 
-	blobInfo, diffIDChan, err := ic.copyLayerFromStream(ctx, srcStream, types.BlobInfo{Digest: srcInfo.Digest, Size: srcBlobSize},
-		diffIDIsNeeded, bar)
+	bar := ic.c.createProgressBar(pool, srcInfo, "blob", "done")
+
+	blobInfo, diffIDChan, err := ic.copyLayerFromStream(ctx, srcStream, types.BlobInfo{Digest: srcInfo.Digest, Size: srcBlobSize}, diffIDIsNeeded, bar)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, "", err
 	}
+
+	diffID := cachedDiffID
 	if diffIDIsNeeded {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -631,11 +696,12 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, ba
 			// This is safe because we have just computed diffIDResult.Digest ourselves, and in the process
 			// we have read all of the input blob, so srcInfo.Digest must have been validated by digestingReader.
 			ic.c.blobInfoCache.RecordDigestUncompressedPair(srcInfo.Digest, diffIDResult.digest)
-			return blobInfo, diffIDResult.digest, nil
+			diffID = diffIDResult.digest
 		}
-	} else {
-		return blobInfo, cachedDiffID, nil
 	}
+
+	bar.SetTotal(srcInfo.Size, true)
+	return blobInfo, diffID, nil
 }
 
 // copyLayerFromStream is an implementation detail of copyLayer; mostly providing a separate “defer” scope.
@@ -643,7 +709,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayer(ctx context.Context, srcInfo types.BlobInfo, ba
 // perhaps compressing the stream if canCompress,
 // and returns a complete blobInfo of the copied blob and perhaps a <-chan diffIDResult if diffIDIsNeeded, to be read by the caller.
 func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayerFromStream(ctx context.Context, srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.BlobInfo,
-	diffIDIsNeeded bool, bar *pb.ProgressBar) (types.BlobInfo, <-chan diffIDResult, error) {
+	diffIDIsNeeded bool, bar *mpb.Bar) (types.BlobInfo, <-chan diffIDResult, error) {
 	var getDiffIDRecorder func(compression.DecompressorFunc) io.Writer // = nil
 	var diffIDChan chan diffIDResult
 
@@ -704,7 +770,7 @@ func computeDiffID(stream io.Reader, decompressor compression.DecompressorFunc)
 // and returns a complete blobInfo of the copied blob.
 func (c *copier) copyBlobFromStream(ctx context.Context, srcStream io.Reader, srcInfo types.BlobInfo,
 	getOriginalLayerCopyWriter func(decompressor compression.DecompressorFunc) io.Writer,
-	canModifyBlob bool, isConfig bool, bar *pb.ProgressBar) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
+	canModifyBlob bool, isConfig bool, bar *mpb.Bar) (types.BlobInfo, error) {
 	// The copying happens through a pipeline of connected io.Readers.
 	// === Input: srcStream
 
@@ -727,7 +793,7 @@ func (c *copier) copyBlobFromStream(ctx context.Context, srcStream io.Reader, sr
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading blob %s", srcInfo.Digest)
 	}
 	isCompressed := decompressor != nil
-	destStream = bar.NewProxyReader(destStream)
+	destStream = bar.ProxyReader(destStream)
 
 	// === Send a copy of the original, uncompressed, stream, to a separate path if necessary.
 	var originalLayerReader io.Reader // DO NOT USE this other than to drain the input if no other consumer in the pipeline has done so.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_client.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/tlsconfig"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
@@ -81,29 +81,30 @@ type bearerToken struct {
 // dockerClient is configuration for dealing with a single Docker registry.
 type dockerClient struct {
 	// The following members are set by newDockerClient and do not change afterwards.
-	sys                   *types.SystemContext
-	registry              string
-	client                *http.Client
-	insecureSkipTLSVerify bool
+	sys      *types.SystemContext
+	registry string
 
+	// tlsClientConfig is setup by newDockerClient and will be used and updated
+	// by detectProperties(). Callers can edit tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify in the meantime.
+	tlsClientConfig *tls.Config
 	// The following members are not set by newDockerClient and must be set by callers if needed.
 	username      string
 	password      string
 	signatureBase signatureStorageBase
 	scope         authScope
-	extraScope    *authScope // If non-nil, a temporary extra token scope (necessary for mounting from another repo)
+
 	// The following members are detected registry properties:
 	// They are set after a successful detectProperties(), and never change afterwards.
-	scheme             string // Empty value also used to indicate detectProperties() has not yet succeeded.
+	client             *http.Client
+	scheme             string
 	challenges         []challenge
 	supportsSignatures bool
 
 	// Private state for setupRequestAuth (key: string, value: bearerToken)
 	tokenCache sync.Map
-	// detectPropertiesError caches the initial error.
-	detectPropertiesError error
-	// detectPropertiesOnce is used to execuute detectProperties() at most once in in makeRequest().
-	detectPropertiesOnce sync.Once
+	// Private state for detectProperties:
+	detectPropertiesOnce  sync.Once // detectPropertiesOnce is used to execute detectProperties() at most once.
+	detectPropertiesError error     // detectPropertiesError caches the initial error.
 }
 
 type authScope struct {
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ func dockerCertDir(sys *types.SystemContext, hostPort string) (string, error) {
 // “write” specifies whether the client will be used for "write" access (in particular passed to lookaside.go:toplevelFromSection)
 func newDockerClientFromRef(sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference, write bool, actions string) (*dockerClient, error) {
 	registry := reference.Domain(ref.ref)
-	username, password, err := config.GetAuthentication(sys, reference.Domain(ref.ref))
+	username, password, err := config.GetAuthentication(sys, registry)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error getting username and password")
 	}
@@ -230,8 +231,7 @@ func newDockerClient(sys *types.SystemContext, registry, reference string) (*doc
 	if registry == dockerHostname {
 		registry = dockerRegistry
 	}
-	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
-	tr.TLSClientConfig = serverDefault()
+	tlsClientConfig := serverDefault()
 
 	// It is undefined whether the host[:port] string for dockerHostname should be dockerHostname or dockerRegistry,
 	// because docker/docker does not read the certs.d subdirectory at all in that case.  We use the user-visible
@@ -242,38 +242,31 @@ func newDockerClient(sys *types.SystemContext, registry, reference string) (*doc
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if err := tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates(certDir, tr.TLSClientConfig); err != nil {
+	if err := tlsclientconfig.SetupCertificates(certDir, tlsClientConfig); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Check if TLS verification shall be skipped (default=false) which can
-	// either be specified in the sysregistriesv2 configuration or via the
-	// SystemContext, whereas the SystemContext is prioritized.
+	// be specified in the sysregistriesv2 configuration.
 	skipVerify := false
-	if sys != nil && sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify != types.OptionalBoolUndefined {
-		// Only use the SystemContext if the actual value is defined.
-		skipVerify = sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify == types.OptionalBoolTrue
-	} else {
-		reg, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, reference)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries")
-		}
-		if reg != nil {
-			skipVerify = reg.Insecure
-		}
+	reg, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, reference)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries")
 	}
-	tr.TLSClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = skipVerify
+	if reg != nil {
+		skipVerify = reg.Insecure
+	}
+	tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = skipVerify
 
 	return &dockerClient{
-		sys:                   sys,
-		registry:              registry,
-		client:                &http.Client{Transport: tr},
-		insecureSkipTLSVerify: skipVerify,
+		sys:             sys,
+		registry:        registry,
+		tlsClientConfig: tlsClientConfig,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 // CheckAuth validates the credentials by attempting to log into the registry
-// returns an error if an error occcured while making the http request or the status code received was 401
+// returns an error if an error occurred while making the http request or the status code received was 401
 func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, username, password, registry string) error {
 	client, err := newDockerClient(sys, registry, registry)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -282,7 +275,7 @@ func CheckAuth(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, username, password
 	client.username = username
 	client.password = password
 
-	resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/", nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/", nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -362,8 +355,8 @@ func SearchRegistry(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, registry, ima
 		q.Set("n", strconv.Itoa(limit))
 		u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
 
-		logrus.Debugf("trying to talk to v1 search endpoint\n")
-		resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", u.String(), nil, nil, noAuth)
+		logrus.Debugf("trying to talk to v1 search endpoint")
+		resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", u.String(), nil, nil, noAuth, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Debugf("error getting search results from v1 endpoint %q: %v", registry, err)
 		} else {
@@ -379,8 +372,8 @@ func SearchRegistry(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, registry, ima
 		}
 	}
 
-	logrus.Debugf("trying to talk to v2 search endpoint\n")
-	resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/_catalog", nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	logrus.Debugf("trying to talk to v2 search endpoint")
+	resp, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", "/v2/_catalog", nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("error getting search results from v2 endpoint %q: %v", registry, err)
 	} else {
@@ -409,20 +402,20 @@ func SearchRegistry(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, registry, ima
 
 // makeRequest creates and executes a http.Request with the specified parameters, adding authentication and TLS options for the Docker client.
 // The host name and schema is taken from the client or autodetected, and the path is relative to it, i.e. the path usually starts with /v2/.
-func (c *dockerClient) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, method, path string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, auth sendAuth) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (c *dockerClient) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, method, path string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, auth sendAuth, extraScope *authScope) (*http.Response, error) {
 	if err := c.detectProperties(ctx); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s%s", c.scheme, c.registry, path)
-	return c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, method, url, headers, stream, -1, auth)
+	return c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, method, url, headers, stream, -1, auth, extraScope)
 }
 
 // makeRequestToResolvedURL creates and executes a http.Request with the specified parameters, adding authentication and TLS options for the Docker client.
 // streamLen, if not -1, specifies the length of the data expected on stream.
 // makeRequest should generally be preferred.
 // TODO(runcom): too many arguments here, use a struct
-func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, streamLen int64, auth sendAuth) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url string, headers map[string][]string, stream io.Reader, streamLen int64, auth sendAuth, extraScope *authScope) (*http.Response, error) {
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, stream)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -441,7 +434,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url
 		req.Header.Add("User-Agent", c.sys.DockerRegistryUserAgent)
 	}
 	if auth == v2Auth {
-		if err := c.setupRequestAuth(req); err != nil {
+		if err := c.setupRequestAuth(req, extraScope); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -460,7 +453,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx context.Context, method, url
 // 2) gcr.io is sending 401 without a WWW-Authenticate header in the real request
 //
 // debugging: https://github.com/containers/image/pull/211#issuecomment-273426236 and follows up
-func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request) error {
+func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request, extraScope *authScope) error {
 	if len(c.challenges) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -474,10 +467,10 @@ func (c *dockerClient) setupRequestAuth(req *http.Request) error {
 		case "bearer":
 			cacheKey := ""
 			scopes := []authScope{c.scope}
-			if c.extraScope != nil {
+			if extraScope != nil {
 				// Using ':' as a separator here is unambiguous because getBearerToken below uses the same separator when formatting a remote request (and because repository names can't contain colons).
-				cacheKey = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", c.extraScope.remoteName, c.extraScope.actions)
-				scopes = append(scopes, *c.extraScope)
+				cacheKey = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", extraScope.remoteName, extraScope.actions)
+				scopes = append(scopes, *extraScope)
 			}
 			var token bearerToken
 			t, inCache := c.tokenCache.Load(cacheKey)
@@ -558,13 +551,18 @@ func (c *dockerClient) getBearerToken(ctx context.Context, challenge challenge,
 // detectPropertiesHelper performs the work of detectProperties which executes
 // it at most once.
 func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if c.scheme != "" {
-		return nil
+	// We overwrite the TLS clients `InsecureSkipVerify` only if explicitly
+	// specified by the system context
+	if c.sys != nil && c.sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify != types.OptionalBoolUndefined {
+		c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = c.sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify == types.OptionalBoolTrue
 	}
+	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
+	tr.TLSClientConfig = c.tlsClientConfig
+	c.client = &http.Client{Transport: tr}
 
 	ping := func(scheme string) error {
 		url := fmt.Sprintf(resolvedPingV2URL, scheme, c.registry)
-		resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth)
+		resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Debugf("Ping %s err %s (%#v)", url, err.Error(), err)
 			return err
@@ -580,7 +578,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	err := ping("https")
-	if err != nil && c.insecureSkipTLSVerify {
+	if err != nil && c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
 		err = ping("http")
 	}
 	if err != nil {
@@ -591,7 +589,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 		// best effort to understand if we're talking to a V1 registry
 		pingV1 := func(scheme string) bool {
 			url := fmt.Sprintf(resolvedPingV1URL, scheme, c.registry)
-			resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth)
+			resp, err := c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Debugf("Ping %s err %s (%#v)", url, err.Error(), err)
 				return false
@@ -604,7 +602,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 			return true
 		}
 		isV1 := pingV1("https")
-		if !isV1 && c.insecureSkipTLSVerify {
+		if !isV1 && c.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
 			isV1 = pingV1("http")
 		}
 		if isV1 {
@@ -625,7 +623,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectProperties(ctx context.Context) error {
 // using the original data structures.
 func (c *dockerClient) getExtensionsSignatures(ctx context.Context, ref dockerReference, manifestDigest digest.Digest) (*extensionSignatureList, error) {
 	path := fmt.Sprintf(extensionsSignaturePath, reference.Path(ref.ref), manifestDigest)
-	res, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	res, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type Image struct {
 // a client to the registry hosting the given image.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned Image.
 func newImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
-	s, err := newImageSource(sys, ref)
+	s, err := newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func GetRepositoryTags(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref types.
 	tags := make([]string, 0)
 
 	for {
-		res, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth)
+		res, err := client.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_dest.go

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
-	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/errcode"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/v2"
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader,
 		// This should not really be necessary, at least the copy code calls TryReusingBlob automatically.
 		// Still, we need to check, if only because the "initiate upload" endpoint does not have a documented "blob already exists" return value.
 		// But we do that with NoCache, so that it _only_ checks the primary destination, instead of trying all mount candidates _again_.
-		haveBlob, reusedInfo, err := d.TryReusingBlob(ctx, inputInfo, blobinfocache.NoCache, false)
+		haveBlob, reusedInfo, err := d.TryReusingBlob(ctx, inputInfo, none.NoCache, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 		}
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader,
 	// FIXME? Chunked upload, progress reporting, etc.
 	uploadPath := fmt.Sprintf(blobUploadPath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref))
 	logrus.Debugf("Uploading %s", uploadPath)
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "POST", uploadPath, nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "POST", uploadPath, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader,
 	digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
 	sizeCounter := &sizeCounter{}
 	tee := io.TeeReader(stream, io.MultiWriter(digester.Hash(), sizeCounter))
-	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "PATCH", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, tee, inputInfo.Size, v2Auth)
+	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "PATCH", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, tee, inputInfo.Size, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error uploading layer chunked, response %#v", res)
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader,
 	// TODO: check inputInfo.Digest == computedDigest https://github.com/containers/image/pull/70#discussion_r77646717
 	locationQuery.Set("digest", computedDigest.String())
 	uploadLocation.RawQuery = locationQuery.Encode()
-	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "PUT", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, nil, -1, v2Auth)
+	res, err = d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "PUT", uploadLocation.String(), map[string][]string{"Content-Type": {"application/octet-stream"}}, nil, -1, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
@@ -194,10 +195,10 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutBlob(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader,
 // blobExists returns true iff repo contains a blob with digest, and if so, also its size.
 // If the destination does not contain the blob, or it is unknown, blobExists ordinarily returns (false, -1, nil);
 // it returns a non-nil error only on an unexpected failure.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) blobExists(ctx context.Context, repo reference.Named, digest digest.Digest) (bool, int64, error) {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) blobExists(ctx context.Context, repo reference.Named, digest digest.Digest, extraScope *authScope) (bool, int64, error) {
 	checkPath := fmt.Sprintf(blobsPath, reference.Path(repo), digest.String())
 	logrus.Debugf("Checking %s", checkPath)
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "HEAD", checkPath, nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "HEAD", checkPath, nil, nil, v2Auth, extraScope)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, -1, err
 	}
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) blobExists(ctx context.Context, repo reference.
 }
 
 // mountBlob tries to mount blob srcDigest from srcRepo to the current destination.
-func (d *dockerImageDestination) mountBlob(ctx context.Context, srcRepo reference.Named, srcDigest digest.Digest) error {
+func (d *dockerImageDestination) mountBlob(ctx context.Context, srcRepo reference.Named, srcDigest digest.Digest, extraScope *authScope) error {
 	u := url.URL{
 		Path: fmt.Sprintf(blobUploadPath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref)),
 		RawQuery: url.Values{
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) mountBlob(ctx context.Context, srcRepo referenc
 	}
 	mountPath := u.String()
 	logrus.Debugf("Trying to mount %s", mountPath)
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "POST", mountPath, nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "POST", mountPath, nil, nil, v2Auth, extraScope)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) mountBlob(ctx context.Context, srcRepo referenc
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "Error determining upload URL after a mount attempt")
 		}
 		logrus.Debugf("... started an upload instead of mounting, trying to cancel at %s", uploadLocation.String())
-		res2, err := d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "DELETE", uploadLocation.String(), nil, nil, -1, v2Auth)
+		res2, err := d.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "DELETE", uploadLocation.String(), nil, nil, -1, v2Auth, extraScope)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Debugf("Error trying to cancel an inadvertent upload: %s", err)
 		} else {
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.
 	}
 
 	// First, check whether the blob happens to already exist at the destination.
-	exists, size, err := d.blobExists(ctx, d.ref.ref, info.Digest)
+	exists, size, err := d.blobExists(ctx, d.ref.ref, info.Digest, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, err
 	}
@@ -286,15 +287,6 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.
 	}
 
 	// Then try reusing blobs from other locations.
-
-	// Checking candidateRepo, and mounting from it, requires an expanded token scope.
-	// We still want to reuse the ping information and other aspects of the client, so rather than make a fresh copy, there is this a bit ugly extraScope hack.
-	if d.c.extraScope != nil {
-		return false, types.BlobInfo{}, errors.New("Internal error: dockerClient.extraScope was set before TryReusingBlob")
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		d.c.extraScope = nil
-	}()
 	for _, candidate := range cache.CandidateLocations(d.ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(d.ref), info.Digest, canSubstitute) {
 		candidateRepo, err := parseBICLocationReference(candidate.Location)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -314,7 +306,10 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.
 		}
 
 		// Whatever happens here, don't abort the entire operation.  It's likely we just don't have permissions, and if it is a critical network error, we will find out soon enough anyway.
-		d.c.extraScope = &authScope{
+
+		// Checking candidateRepo, and mounting from it, requires an
+		// expanded token scope.
+		extraScope := &authScope{
 			remoteName: reference.Path(candidateRepo),
 			actions:    "pull",
 		}
@@ -325,7 +320,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.
 		// Even worse, docker/distribution does not actually reasonably implement canceling uploads
 		// (it would require a "delete" action in the token, and Quay does not give that to anyone, so we can't ask);
 		// so, be a nice client and don't create unnecesary upload sessions on the server.
-		exists, size, err := d.blobExists(ctx, candidateRepo, candidate.Digest)
+		exists, size, err := d.blobExists(ctx, candidateRepo, candidate.Digest, extraScope)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Debugf("... Failed: %v", err)
 			continue
@@ -335,7 +330,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) TryReusingBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.
 			continue // logrus.Debug() already happened in blobExists
 		}
 		if candidateRepo.Name() != d.ref.ref.Name() {
-			if err := d.mountBlob(ctx, candidateRepo, candidate.Digest); err != nil {
+			if err := d.mountBlob(ctx, candidateRepo, candidate.Digest, extraScope); err != nil {
 				logrus.Debugf("... Mount failed: %v", err)
 				continue
 			}
@@ -369,7 +364,7 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutManifest(ctx context.Context, m []byte) erro
 	if mimeType != "" {
 		headers["Content-Type"] = []string{mimeType}
 	}
-	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", path, headers, bytes.NewReader(m), v2Auth)
+	res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", path, headers, bytes.NewReader(m), v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -396,14 +391,29 @@ func isManifestInvalidError(err error) bool {
 	if !ok || len(errors) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
-	ec, ok := errors[0].(errcode.ErrorCoder)
+	err = errors[0]
+	ec, ok := err.(errcode.ErrorCoder)
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
+
+	switch ec.ErrorCode() {
 	// ErrorCodeManifestInvalid is returned by OpenShift with acceptschema2=false.
+	case v2.ErrorCodeManifestInvalid:
+		return true
 	// ErrorCodeTagInvalid is returned by docker/distribution (at least as of commit ec87e9b6971d831f0eff752ddb54fb64693e51cd)
 	// when uploading to a tag (because it can’t find a matching tag inside the manifest)
-	return ec.ErrorCode() == v2.ErrorCodeManifestInvalid || ec.ErrorCode() == v2.ErrorCodeTagInvalid
+	case v2.ErrorCodeTagInvalid:
+		return true
+	// ErrorCodeUnsupported with 'Invalid JSON syntax' is returned by AWS ECR when
+	// uploading an OCI manifest that is (correctly, according to the spec) missing
+	// a top-level media type. See libpod issue #1719
+	// FIXME: remove this case when ECR behavior is fixed
+	case errcode.ErrorCodeUnsupported:
+		return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Invalid JSON syntax")
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
 }
 
 func (d *dockerImageDestination) PutSignatures(ctx context.Context, signatures [][]byte) error {
@@ -574,7 +584,7 @@ sigExists:
 		}
 
 		path := fmt.Sprintf(extensionsSignaturePath, reference.Path(d.ref.ref), d.manifestDigest.String())
-		res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", path, nil, bytes.NewReader(body), v2Auth)
+		res, err := d.c.makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", path, nil, bytes.NewReader(body), v2Auth, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_image_src.go

@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
@@ -30,15 +31,65 @@ type dockerImageSource struct {
 
 // newImageSource creates a new ImageSource for the specified image reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
-func newImageSource(sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (*dockerImageSource, error) {
-	c, err := newDockerClientFromRef(sys, ref, false, "pull")
+func newImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerReference) (*dockerImageSource, error) {
+	registry, err := sysregistriesv2.FindRegistry(sys, ref.ref.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading registries configuration")
+	}
+	if registry == nil {
+		// No configuration was found for the provided reference, so use the
+		// equivalent of a default configuration.
+		registry = &sysregistriesv2.Registry{
+			Endpoint: sysregistriesv2.Endpoint{
+				Location: ref.ref.String(),
+			},
+			Prefix: ref.ref.String(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	primaryDomain := reference.Domain(ref.ref)
+	// Check all endpoints for the manifest availability. If we find one that does
+	// contain the image, it will be used for all future pull actions.  Always try the
+	// non-mirror original location last; this both transparently handles the case
+	// of no mirrors configured, and ensures we return the error encountered when
+	// acessing the upstream location if all endpoints fail.
+	manifestLoadErr := errors.New("Internal error: newImageSource returned without trying any endpoint")
+	pullSources, err := registry.PullSourcesFromReference(ref.ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &dockerImageSource{
-		ref: ref,
-		c:   c,
-	}, nil
+	for _, pullSource := range pullSources {
+		logrus.Debugf("Trying to pull %q", pullSource.Reference)
+		dockerRef, err := newReference(pullSource.Reference)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		endpointSys := sys
+		// sys.DockerAuthConfig does not explicitly specify a registry; we must not blindly send the credentials intended for the primary endpoint to mirrors.
+		if endpointSys != nil && endpointSys.DockerAuthConfig != nil && reference.Domain(dockerRef.ref) != primaryDomain {
+			copy := *endpointSys
+			copy.DockerAuthConfig = nil
+			endpointSys = &copy
+		}
+
+		client, err := newDockerClientFromRef(endpointSys, dockerRef, false, "pull")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		client.tlsClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = pullSource.Endpoint.Insecure
+
+		testImageSource := &dockerImageSource{
+			ref: dockerRef,
+			c:   client,
+		}
+
+		manifestLoadErr = testImageSource.ensureManifestIsLoaded(ctx)
+		if manifestLoadErr == nil {
+			return testImageSource, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, manifestLoadErr
 }
 
 // Reference returns the reference used to set up this source, _as specified by the user_
@@ -89,7 +140,7 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) fetchManifest(ctx context.Context, tagOrDigest strin
 	path := fmt.Sprintf(manifestPath, reference.Path(s.ref.ref), tagOrDigest)
 	headers := make(map[string][]string)
 	headers["Accept"] = manifest.DefaultRequestedManifestMIMETypes
-	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, headers, nil, v2Auth)
+	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, headers, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
@@ -137,7 +188,7 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getExternalBlob(ctx context.Context, urls []string)
 		err  error
 	)
 	for _, url := range urls {
-		resp, err = s.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth)
+		resp, err = s.c.makeRequestToResolvedURL(ctx, "GET", url, nil, nil, -1, noAuth, nil)
 		if err == nil {
 			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 				err = errors.Errorf("error fetching external blob from %q: %d (%s)", url, resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
@@ -147,10 +198,10 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getExternalBlob(ctx context.Context, urls []string)
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	if resp.Body != nil && err == nil {
-		return resp.Body, getBlobSize(resp), nil
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	return nil, 0, err
+	return resp.Body, getBlobSize(resp), nil
 }
 
 func getBlobSize(resp *http.Response) int64 {
@@ -176,7 +227,7 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) GetBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, ca
 
 	path := fmt.Sprintf(blobsPath, reference.Path(s.ref.ref), info.Digest.String())
 	logrus.Debugf("Downloading %s", path)
-	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth)
+	res, err := s.c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", path, nil, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -340,7 +391,7 @@ func deleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerRefere
 		return err
 	}
 	getPath := fmt.Sprintf(manifestPath, reference.Path(ref.ref), refTail)
-	get, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", getPath, headers, nil, v2Auth)
+	get, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "GET", getPath, headers, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -362,7 +413,7 @@ func deleteImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, ref dockerRefere
 
 	// When retrieving the digest from a registry >= 2.3 use the following header:
 	//   "Accept": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
-	delete, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "DELETE", deletePath, headers, nil, v2Auth)
+	delete, err := c.makeRequest(ctx, "DELETE", deletePath, headers, nil, v2Auth, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/docker_transport.go

@@ -61,8 +61,13 @@ func ParseReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 
 // NewReference returns a Docker reference for a named reference. The reference must satisfy !reference.IsNameOnly().
 func NewReference(ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	return newReference(ref)
+}
+
+// newReference returns a dockerReference for a named reference.
+func newReference(ref reference.Named) (dockerReference, error) {
 	if reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Docker reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
+		return dockerReference{}, errors.Errorf("Docker reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
 	}
 	// A github.com/distribution/reference value can have a tag and a digest at the same time!
 	// The docker/distribution API does not really support that (we can’t ask for an image with a specific
@@ -72,8 +77,9 @@ func NewReference(ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	_, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
 	_, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical)
 	if isTagged && isDigested {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Docker references with both a tag and digest are currently not supported")
+		return dockerReference{}, errors.Errorf("Docker references with both a tag and digest are currently not supported")
 	}
+
 	return dockerReference{
 		ref: ref,
 	}, nil
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ func (ref dockerReference) NewImage(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContex
 // NewImageSource returns a types.ImageSource for this reference.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
 func (ref dockerReference) NewImageSource(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext) (types.ImageSource, error) {
-	return newImageSource(sys, ref)
+	return newImageSource(ctx, sys, ref)
 }
 
 // NewImageDestination returns a types.ImageDestination for this reference.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/reference/README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-This is a copy of github.com/docker/distribution/reference as of commit fb0bebc4b64e3881cc52a2478d749845ed76d2a8,
+This is a copy of github.com/docker/distribution/reference as of commit 3226863cbcba6dbc2f6c83a37b28126c934af3f8,
 except that ParseAnyReferenceWithSet has been removed to drop the dependency on github.com/docker/distribution/digestset.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/reference/normalize.go

@@ -55,6 +55,35 @@ func ParseNormalizedNamed(s string) (Named, error) {
 	return named, nil
 }
 
+// ParseDockerRef normalizes the image reference following the docker convention. This is added
+// mainly for backward compatibility.
+// The reference returned can only be either tagged or digested. For reference contains both tag
+// and digest, the function returns digested reference, e.g. docker.io/library/busybox:latest@
+// sha256:7cc4b5aefd1d0cadf8d97d4350462ba51c694ebca145b08d7d41b41acc8db5aa will be returned as
+// docker.io/library/busybox@sha256:7cc4b5aefd1d0cadf8d97d4350462ba51c694ebca145b08d7d41b41acc8db5aa.
+func ParseDockerRef(ref string) (Named, error) {
+	named, err := ParseNormalizedNamed(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if _, ok := named.(NamedTagged); ok {
+		if canonical, ok := named.(Canonical); ok {
+			// The reference is both tagged and digested, only
+			// return digested.
+			newNamed, err := WithName(canonical.Name())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			newCanonical, err := WithDigest(newNamed, canonical.Digest())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return newCanonical, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return TagNameOnly(named), nil
+}
+
 // splitDockerDomain splits a repository name to domain and remotename string.
 // If no valid domain is found, the default domain is used. Repository name
 // needs to be already validated before.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/reference/reference.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 //	tag                             := /[\w][\w.-]{0,127}/
 //
 //	digest                          := digest-algorithm ":" digest-hex
-//	digest-algorithm                := digest-algorithm-component [ digest-algorithm-separator digest-algorithm-component ]
+//	digest-algorithm                := digest-algorithm-component [ digest-algorithm-separator digest-algorithm-component ]*
 //	digest-algorithm-separator      := /[+.-_]/
 //	digest-algorithm-component      := /[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]*/
 //	digest-hex                      := /[0-9a-fA-F]{32,}/ ; At least 128 bit digest value
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func Parse(s string) (Reference, error) {
 	var repo repository
 
 	nameMatch := anchoredNameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(matches[1])
-	if nameMatch != nil && len(nameMatch) == 3 {
+	if len(nameMatch) == 3 {
 		repo.domain = nameMatch[1]
 		repo.path = nameMatch[2]
 	} else {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/reference/regexp.go

@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@ var (
 		optional(repeated(separatorRegexp, alphaNumericRegexp)))
 
 	// domainComponentRegexp restricts the registry domain component of a
-	// repository name to start with a component as defined by domainRegexp
+	// repository name to start with a component as defined by DomainRegexp
 	// and followed by an optional port.
 	domainComponentRegexp = match(`(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])`)
 
-	// domainRegexp defines the structure of potential domain components
+	// DomainRegexp defines the structure of potential domain components
 	// that may be part of image names. This is purposely a subset of what is
 	// allowed by DNS to ensure backwards compatibility with Docker image
 	// names.
-	domainRegexp = expression(
+	DomainRegexp = expression(
 		domainComponentRegexp,
 		optional(repeated(literal(`.`), domainComponentRegexp)),
 		optional(literal(`:`), match(`[0-9]+`)))
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ var (
 	// regexp has capturing groups for the domain and name part omitting
 	// the separating forward slash from either.
 	NameRegexp = expression(
-		optional(domainRegexp, literal(`/`)),
+		optional(DomainRegexp, literal(`/`)),
 		nameComponentRegexp,
 		optional(repeated(literal(`/`), nameComponentRegexp)))
 
 	// anchoredNameRegexp is used to parse a name value, capturing the
 	// domain and trailing components.
 	anchoredNameRegexp = anchored(
-		optional(capture(domainRegexp), literal(`/`)),
+		optional(capture(DomainRegexp), literal(`/`)),
 		capture(nameComponentRegexp,
 			optional(repeated(literal(`/`), nameComponentRegexp))))
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docker/tarfile/src.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/internal/tmpdir"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
@@ -21,8 +22,10 @@ import (
 // Source is a partial implementation of types.ImageSource for reading from tarPath.
 type Source struct {
 	tarPath              string
-	removeTarPathOnClose bool // Remove temp file on close if true
+	removeTarPathOnClose bool      // Remove temp file on close if true
+	cacheDataLock        sync.Once // Atomic way to ensure that ensureCachedDataIsPresent is only invoked once
 	// The following data is only available after ensureCachedDataIsPresent() succeeds
+	cacheDataResult   error         // The return value of ensureCachedDataIsPresent, since it should be as safe to cache as the side effects
 	tarManifest       *ManifestItem // nil if not available yet.
 	configBytes       []byte
 	configDigest      digest.Digest
@@ -199,43 +202,46 @@ func (s *Source) readTarComponent(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 
 // ensureCachedDataIsPresent loads data necessary for any of the public accessors.
 func (s *Source) ensureCachedDataIsPresent() error {
-	if s.tarManifest != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
+	s.cacheDataLock.Do(func() {
+		// Read and parse manifest.json
+		tarManifest, err := s.loadTarManifest()
+		if err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = err
+			return
+		}
 
-	// Read and parse manifest.json
-	tarManifest, err := s.loadTarManifest()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+		// Check to make sure length is 1
+		if len(tarManifest) != 1 {
+			s.cacheDataResult = errors.Errorf("Unexpected tar manifest.json: expected 1 item, got %d", len(tarManifest))
+			return
+		}
 
-	// Check to make sure length is 1
-	if len(tarManifest) != 1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("Unexpected tar manifest.json: expected 1 item, got %d", len(tarManifest))
-	}
+		// Read and parse config.
+		configBytes, err := s.readTarComponent(tarManifest[0].Config)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = err
+			return
+		}
+		var parsedConfig manifest.Schema2Image // There's a lot of info there, but we only really care about layer DiffIDs.
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(configBytes, &parsedConfig); err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = errors.Wrapf(err, "Error decoding tar config %s", tarManifest[0].Config)
+			return
+		}
 
-	// Read and parse config.
-	configBytes, err := s.readTarComponent(tarManifest[0].Config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	var parsedConfig manifest.Schema2Image // There's a lot of info there, but we only really care about layer DiffIDs.
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(configBytes, &parsedConfig); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error decoding tar config %s", tarManifest[0].Config)
-	}
+		knownLayers, err := s.prepareLayerData(&tarManifest[0], &parsedConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.cacheDataResult = err
+			return
+		}
 
-	knownLayers, err := s.prepareLayerData(&tarManifest[0], &parsedConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Success; commit.
-	s.tarManifest = &tarManifest[0]
-	s.configBytes = configBytes
-	s.configDigest = digest.FromBytes(configBytes)
-	s.orderedDiffIDList = parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs
-	s.knownLayers = knownLayers
-	return nil
+		// Success; commit.
+		s.tarManifest = &tarManifest[0]
+		s.configBytes = configBytes
+		s.configDigest = digest.FromBytes(configBytes)
+		s.orderedDiffIDList = parsedConfig.RootFS.DiffIDs
+		s.knownLayers = knownLayers
+	})
+	return s.cacheDataResult
 }
 
 // loadTarManifest loads and decodes the manifest.json.
@@ -399,7 +405,7 @@ func (r uncompressedReadCloser) Close() error {
 
 // HasThreadSafeGetBlob indicates whether GetBlob can be executed concurrently.
 func (s *Source) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
-	return false
+	return true
 }
 
 // GetBlob returns a stream for the specified blob, and the blob’s size (or -1 if unknown).

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/atomic-signature-embedded-json.json

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+    "title": "JSON embedded in an atomic container signature",
+    "description": "This schema is a supplement to atomic-signature.md in this directory.\n\nConsumers of the JSON MUST use the processing rules documented in atomic-signature.md, especially the requirements for the 'critical' subjobject.\n\nWhenever this schema and atomic-signature.md, or the github.com/containers/image/signature implementation, differ,\nit is the atomic-signature.md document, or the github.com/containers/image/signature implementation, which governs.\n\nUsers are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to use the github.com/containeres/image/signature implementation instead of writing\ntheir own, ESPECIALLY when consuming signatures, so that the policy.json format can be shared by all image consumers.\n",
+    "type": "object",
+    "required": [
+        "critical",
+        "optional"
+    ],
+    "additionalProperties": false,
+    "properties": {
+        "critical": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "required": [
+                "type",
+                "image",
+                "identity"
+            ],
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "enum": [
+                        "atomic container signature"
+                    ]
+                },
+                "image": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": [
+                        "docker-manifest-digest"
+                    ],
+                    "additionalProperties": false,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "docker-manifest-digest": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "identity": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": [
+                        "docker-reference"
+                    ],
+                    "additionalProperties": false,
+                    "properties": {
+                        "docker-reference": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "optional": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "description": "All members are optional, but if they are included, they must be valid.",
+            "additionalProperties": true,
+            "properties": {
+                "creator": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                },
+                "timestamp": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-certs.d.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+% containers-certs.d(5)
+
+# NAME
+containers-certs.d - Directory for storing custom container-registry TLS configurations
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+A custom TLS configuration for a container registry can be configured by creating a directory under `/etc/containers/certs.d`.
+The name of the directory must correspond to the `host:port` of the registry (e.g., `my-registry.com:5000`).
+
+## Directory Structure
+A certs directory can contain one or more files with the following extensions:
+
+* `*.crt`  files with this extensions will be interpreted as CA certificates
+* `*.cert` files with this extensions will be interpreted as client certificates
+* `*.key`  files with this extensions will be interpreted as client keys
+
+Note that the client certificate-key pair will be selected by the file name (e.g., `client.{cert,key}`).
+An examplary setup for a registry running at `my-registry.com:5000` may look as follows:
+```
+/etc/containers/certs.d/    <- Certificate directory
+└── my-registry.com:5000    <- Hostname:port
+   ├── client.cert          <- Client certificate
+   ├── client.key           <- Client key
+   └── ca.crt               <- Certificate authority that signed the registry certificate
+```
+
+# HISTORY
+Feb 2019, Originally compiled by Valentin Rothberg <rothberg@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+% CONTAINERS-POLICY.JSON(5) policy.json Man Page
+% Miloslav Trmač
+% September 2016
+
+# NAME
+containers-policy.json - syntax for the signature verification policy file
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Signature verification policy files are used to specify policy, e.g. trusted keys,
+applicable when deciding whether to accept an image, or individual signatures of that image, as valid.
+
+The default policy is stored (unless overridden at compile-time) at `/etc/containers/policy.json`;
+applications performing verification may allow using a different policy instead.
+
+## FORMAT
+
+The signature verification policy file, usually called `policy.json`,
+uses a JSON format.  Unlike some other JSON files, its parsing is fairly strict:
+unrecognized, duplicated or otherwise invalid fields cause the entire file,
+and usually the entire operation, to be rejected.
+
+The purpose of the policy file is to define a set of *policy requirements* for a container image,
+usually depending on its location (where it is being pulled from) or otherwise defined identity.
+
+Policy requirements can be defined for:
+
+- An individual *scope* in a *transport*.
+  The *transport* values are the same as the transport prefixes when pushing/pulling images (e.g. `docker:`, `atomic:`),
+  and *scope* values are defined by each transport; see below for more details.
+
+  Usually, a scope can be defined to match a single image, and various prefixes of
+  such a most specific scope define namespaces of matching images.
+- A default policy for a single transport, expressed using an empty string as a scope
+- A global default policy.
+
+If multiple policy requirements match a given image, only the requirements from the most specific match apply,
+the more general policy requirements definitions are ignored.
+
+This is expressed in JSON using the top-level syntax
+```js
+{
+    "default": [/* policy requirements: global default */]
+    "transports": {
+        transport_name: {
+            "": [/* policy requirements: default for transport $transport_name */],
+            scope_1: [/* policy requirements: default for $scope_1 in $transport_name */],
+            scope_2: [/*…*/]
+            /*…*/
+        },
+        transport_name_2: {/*…*/}
+        /*…*/
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The global `default` set of policy requirements is mandatory; all of the other fields
+(`transports` itself, any specific transport, the transport-specific default, etc.) are optional.
+
+<!-- NOTE: Keep this in sync with transports/transports.go! -->
+## Supported transports and their scopes
+
+### `atomic:`
+
+The `atomic:` transport refers to images in an Atomic Registry.
+
+Supported scopes use the form _hostname_[`:`_port_][`/`_namespace_[`/`_imagestream_ [`:`_tag_]]],
+i.e. either specifying a complete name of a tagged image, or prefix denoting
+a host/namespace/image stream.
+
+*Note:* The _hostname_ and _port_ refer to the Docker registry host and port (the one used
+e.g. for `docker pull`), _not_ to the OpenShift API host and port.
+
+### `dir:`
+
+The `dir:` transport refers to images stored in local directories.
+
+Supported scopes are paths of directories (either containing a single image or
+subdirectories possibly containing images).
+
+*Note:* The paths must be absolute and contain no symlinks. Paths violating these requirements may be silently ignored.
+
+The top-level scope `"/"` is forbidden; use the transport default scope `""`,
+for consistency with other transports.
+
+### `docker:`
+
+The `docker:` transport refers to images in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2".
+
+Scopes matching individual images are named Docker references *in the fully expanded form*, either
+using a tag or digest. For example, `docker.io/library/busybox:latest` (*not* `busybox:latest`).
+
+More general scopes are prefixes of individual-image scopes, and specify a repository (by omitting the tag or digest),
+a repository namespace, or a registry host (by only specifying the host name).
+
+### `oci:`
+
+The `oci:` transport refers to images in directories compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification".
+
+Supported scopes use the form _directory_`:`_tag_, and _directory_ referring to
+a directory containing one or more tags, or any of the parent directories.
+
+*Note:* See `dir:` above for semantics and restrictions on the directory paths, they apply to `oci:` equivalently.
+
+### `tarball:`
+
+The `tarball:` transport refers to tarred up container root filesystems.
+
+Scopes are ignored.
+
+## Policy Requirements
+
+Using the mechanisms above, a set of policy requirements is looked up.  The policy requirements
+are represented as a JSON array of individual requirement objects.  For an image to be accepted,
+*all* of the requirements must be satisfied simulatenously.
+
+The policy requirements can also be used to decide whether an individual signature is accepted (= is signed by a recognized key of a known author);
+in that case some requirements may apply only to some signatures, but each signature must be accepted by *at least one* requirement object.
+
+The following requirement objects are supported:
+
+### `insecureAcceptAnything`
+
+A simple requirement with the following syntax
+
+```json
+{"type":"insecureAcceptAnything"}
+```
+
+This requirement accepts any image (but note that other requirements in the array still apply).
+
+When deciding to accept an individual signature, this requirement does not have any effect; it does *not* cause the signature to be accepted, though.
+
+This is useful primarily for policy scopes where no signature verification is required;
+because the array of policy requirements must not be empty, this requirement is used
+to represent the lack of requirements explicitly.
+
+### `reject`
+
+A simple requirement with the following syntax:
+
+```json
+{"type":"reject"}
+```
+
+This requirement rejects every image, and every signature.
+
+### `signedBy`
+
+This requirement requires an image to be signed with an expected identity, or accepts a signature if it is using an expected identity and key.
+
+```js
+{
+    "type":    "signedBy",
+    "keyType": "GPGKeys", /* The only currently supported value */
+    "keyPath": "/path/to/local/keyring/file",
+    "keyData": "base64-encoded-keyring-data",
+    "signedIdentity": identity_requirement
+}
+```
+<!-- Later: other keyType values -->
+
+Exactly one of `keyPath` and `keyData` must be present, containing a GPG keyring of one or more public keys.  Only signatures made by these keys are accepted.
+
+The `signedIdentity` field, a JSON object, specifies what image identity the signature claims about the image.
+One of the following alternatives are supported:
+
+- The identity in the signature must exactly match the image identity.  Note that with this, referencing an image by digest (with a signature claiming a _repository_`:`_tag_ identity) will fail.
+
+  ```json
+  {"type":"matchExact"}
+  ```
+- If the image identity carries a tag, the identity in the signature must exactly match;
+  if the image identity uses a digest reference, the identity in the signature must be in the same repository as the image identity (using any tag).
+
+  (Note that with images identified using digest references, the digest from the reference is validated even before signature verification starts.)
+
+  ```json
+  {"type":"matchRepoDigestOrExact"}
+  ```
+- The identity in the signature must be in the same repository as the image identity.  This is useful e.g. to pull an image using the `:latest` tag when the image is signed with a tag specifing an exact image version.
+
+  ```json
+  {"type":"matchRepository"}
+  ```
+- The identity in the signature must exactly match a specified identity.
+  This is useful e.g. when locally mirroring images signed using their public identity.
+
+  ```js
+  {
+      "type": "exactReference",
+      "dockerReference": docker_reference_value
+  }
+  ```
+- The identity in the signature must be in the same repository as a specified identity.
+  This combines the properties of `matchRepository` and `exactReference`.
+
+  ```js
+  {
+      "type": "exactRepository",
+      "dockerRepository": docker_repository_value
+  }
+  ```
+
+If the `signedIdentity` field is missing, it is treated as `matchRepoDigestOrExact`.
+
+*Note*: `matchExact`, `matchRepoDigestOrExact` and `matchRepository` can be only used if a Docker-like image identity is
+provided by the transport.  In particular, the `dir:` and `oci:` transports can be only
+used with `exactReference` or `exactRepository`.
+
+<!-- ### `signedBaseLayer` -->
+
+## Examples
+
+It is *strongly* recommended to set the `default` policy to `reject`, and then
+selectively allow individual transports and scopes as desired.
+
+### A reasonably locked-down system
+
+(Note that the `/*`…`*/` comments are not valid in JSON, and must not be used in real policies.)
+
+```js
+{
+    "default": [{"type": "reject"}], /* Reject anything not explicitly allowed */
+    "transports": {
+        "docker": {
+            /* Allow installing images from a specific repository namespace, without cryptographic verification.
+               This namespace includes images like openshift/hello-openshift and openshift/origin. */
+            "docker.io/openshift": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}],
+            /* Similarly, allow installing the “official” busybox images.  Note how the fully expanded
+               form, with the explicit /library/, must be used. */
+            "docker.io/library/busybox": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}]
+            /* Other docker: images use the global default policy and are rejected */
+        },
+        "dir": {
+            "": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}] /* Allow any images originating in local directories */
+        },
+        "atomic": {
+            /* The common case: using a known key for a repository or set of repositories */
+            "hostname:5000/myns/official": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "/path/to/official-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            /* A more complex example, for a repository which contains a mirror of a third-party product,
+               which must be signed-off by local IT */
+            "hostname:5000/vendor/product": [
+                { /* Require the image to be signed by the original vendor, using the vendor's repository location. */
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "/path/to/vendor-pubkey.gpg",
+                    "signedIdentity": {
+                        "type": "exactRepository",
+                        "dockerRepository": "vendor-hostname/product/repository"
+                    }
+                },
+                { /* Require the image to _also_ be signed by a local reviewer. */
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "/path/to/reviewer-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Completely disable security, allow all images, do not trust any signatures
+
+```json
+{
+    "default": [{"type": "insecureAcceptAnything"}]
+}
+```
+## SEE ALSO
+  atomic(1)
+
+## HISTORY
+August 2018, Rename to containers-policy.json(5) by Valentin Rothberg <vrothberg@suse.com>
+
+September 2016, Originally compiled by Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-registries.conf.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+% CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES.CONF(5) System-wide registry configuration file
+% Brent Baude
+% Aug 2017
+
+# NAME
+containers-registries.conf - Syntax of System Registry Configuration File
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+The CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES configuration file is a system-wide configuration
+file for container image registries. The file format is TOML.
+
+By default, the configuration file is located at `/etc/containers/registries.conf`.
+
+# FORMATS
+
+## VERSION 2
+VERSION 2 is the latest format of the `registries.conf` and is currently in
+beta. This means in general VERSION 1 should be used in production environments
+for now.
+
+### GLOBAL SETTINGS
+
+`unqualified-search-registries`
+: An array of _host_[`:`_port_] registries to try when pulling an unqualified image, in order.
+
+### NAMESPACED `[[registry]]` SETTINGS
+
+The bulk of the configuration is represented as an array of `[[registry]]`
+TOML tables; the settings may therefore differ among different registries
+as well as among different namespaces/repositories within a registry.
+
+#### Choosing a `[[registry]]` TOML table
+
+Given an image name, a single `[[registry]]` TOML table is chosen based on its `prefix` field.
+
+`prefix`
+: A prefix of the user-specified image name, i.e. using one of the following formats:
+    - _host_[`:`_port_]
+    - _host_[`:`_port_]`/`_namespace_[`/`_namespace_…]
+    - _host_[`:`_port_]`/`_namespace_[`/`_namespace_…]`/`_repo_
+    - _host_[`:`_port_]`/`_namespace_[`/`_namespace_…]`/`_repo_(`:`_tag|`@`_digest_)
+
+    The user-specified image name must start with the specified `prefix` (and continue
+    with the appropriate separator) for a particular `[[registry]]` TOML table to be
+    considered; (only) the TOML table with the longest match is used.
+
+    As a special case, the `prefix` field can be missing; if so, it defaults to the value
+    of the `location` field (described below).
+
+#### Per-namespace settings
+
+`insecure`
+: `true` or `false`.
+    By default, container runtimes require TLS when retrieving images from a registry.
+    If `insecure` is set to `true`, unencrypted HTTP as well as TLS connections with untrusted
+    certificates are allowed.
+
+`blocked`
+: `true` or `false`.
+    If `true`, pulling images with matching names is forbidden.
+
+#### Remapping and mirroring registries
+
+The user-specified image reference is, primarily, a "logical" image name, always used for naming
+the image.  By default, the image reference also directly specifies the registry and repository
+to use, but the following options can be used to redirect the underlying accesses
+to different registry servers or locations (e.g. to support configurations with no access to the
+internet without having to change `Dockerfile`s, or to add redundancy).
+
+`location`
+: Accepts the same format as the `prefix` field, and specifies the physical location
+    of the `prefix`-rooted namespace.
+
+    By default, this equal to `prefix` (in which case `prefix` can be omitted and the
+    `[[registry]]` TOML table can only specify `location`).
+
+    Example: Given
+    ```
+    prefix = "example.com/foo"
+    location = "internal-registry-for-example.net/bar"
+    ```
+    requests for the image `example.com/foo/myimage:latest` will actually work with the
+    `internal-registry-for-example.net/bar/myimage:latest` image.
+
+`mirror`
+: An array of TOML tables specifiying (possibly-partial) mirrors for the
+    `prefix`-rooted namespace.
+
+    The mirrors are attempted in the specified order; the first one that can be
+    contacted and contains the image will be used (and if none of the mirrors contains the image,
+    the primary location specified by the `registry.location` field, or using the unmodified
+    user-specified reference, is tried last).
+
+    Each TOML table in the `mirror` array can contain the following fields, with the same semantics
+    as if specified in the `[[registry]]` TOML table directly:
+    - `location`
+    - `insecure`
+
+`mirror-by-digest-only`
+: `true` or `false`.
+    If `true`, mirrors will only be used during pulling if the image reference includes a digest.
+    Referencing an image by digest ensures that the same is always used
+    (whereas referencing an image by a tag may cause different registries to return
+    different images if the tag mapping is out of sync).
+
+    Note that if this is `true`, images referenced by a tag will only use the primary
+    registry, failing if that registry is not accessible.
+
+*Note*: Redirection and mirrors are currently processed only when reading images, not when pushing
+to a registry; that may change in the future.
+
+### EXAMPLE
+
+```
+unqualified-search-registries = ["example.com"]
+
+[[registry]]
+prefix = "example.com/foo"
+insecure = false
+blocked = false
+location = "internal-registry-for-example.com/bar"
+
+[[registry.mirror]]
+location = "example-mirror-0.local/mirror-for-foo"
+
+[[registry.mirror]]
+location = "example-mirror-1.local/mirrors/foo"
+insecure = true
+```
+Given the above, a pull of `example.com/foo/image:latest` will try:
+    1. `example-mirror-0.local/mirror-for-foo/image:latest`
+    2. `example-mirror-1.local/mirrors/foo/image:latest`
+    3. `internal-registry-for-example.net/bar/myimage:latest`
+
+in order, and use the first one that exists.
+
+## VERSION 1
+VERSION 1 can be used as alternative to the VERSION 2, but it does not support
+using registry mirrors, longest-prefix matches, or location rewriting.
+
+The TOML format is used to build a simple list of registries under three
+categories: `registries.search`, `registries.insecure`, and `registries.block`.
+You can list multiple registries using a comma separated list.
+
+Search registries are used when the caller of a container runtime does not fully specify the
+container image that they want to execute.  These registries are prepended onto the front
+of the specified container image until the named image is found at a registry.
+
+Note that insecure registries can be used for any registry, not just the registries listed
+under search.
+
+The `registries.insecure` and `registries.block` lists have the same meaning as the
+`insecure` and `blocked` fields in VERSION 2.
+
+### EXAMPLE
+The following example configuration defines two searchable registries, one
+insecure registry, and two blocked registries.
+
+```
+[registries.search]
+registries = ['registry1.com', 'registry2.com']
+
+[registries.insecure]
+registries = ['registry3.com']
+
+[registries.block]
+registries = ['registry.untrusted.com', 'registry.unsafe.com']
+```
+
+# HISTORY
+Mar 2019, Added additional configuration format by Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@suse.com>
+
+Aug 2018, Renamed to containers-registries.conf(5) by Valentin Rothberg <vrothberg@suse.com>
+
+Jun 2018, Updated by Tom Sweeney <tsweeney@redhat.com>
+
+Aug 2017, Originally compiled by Brent Baude <bbaude@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-registries.d.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+% CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES.D(5) Registries.d Man Page
+% Miloslav Trmač
+% August 2016
+
+# NAME
+containers-registries.d - Directory for various registries configurations
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+The registries configuration directory contains configuration for various registries
+(servers storing remote container images), and for content stored in them,
+so that the configuration does not have to be provided in command-line options over and over for every command,
+and so that it can be shared by all users of containers/image.
+
+By default (unless overridden at compile-time), the registries configuration directory is `/etc/containers/registries.d`;
+applications may allow using a different directory instead.
+
+## Directory Structure
+
+The directory may contain any number of files with the extension `.yaml`,
+each using the YAML format.  Other than the mandatory extension, names of the files
+don’t matter.
+
+The contents of these files are merged together; to have a well-defined and easy to understand
+behavior, there can be only one configuration section describing a single namespace within a registry
+(in particular there can be at most one one `default-docker` section across all files,
+and there can be at most one instance of any key under the the `docker` section;
+these sections are documented later).
+
+Thus, it is forbidden to have two conflicting configurations for a single registry or scope,
+and it is also forbidden to split a configuration for a single registry or scope across
+more than one file (even if they are not semantically in conflict).
+
+## Registries, Scopes and Search Order
+
+Each YAML file must contain a “YAML mapping” (key-value pairs).  Two top-level keys are defined:
+
+- `default-docker` is the _configuration section_ (as documented below)
+   for registries implementing "Docker Registry HTTP API V2".
+
+   This key is optional.
+
+- `docker` is a mapping, using individual registries implementing "Docker Registry HTTP API V2",
+   or namespaces and individual images within these registries, as keys;
+   the value assigned to any such key is a _configuration section_.
+
+   This key is optional.
+
+   Scopes matching individual images are named Docker references *in the fully expanded form*, either
+   using a tag or digest. For example, `docker.io/library/busybox:latest` (*not* `busybox:latest`).
+
+   More general scopes are prefixes of individual-image scopes, and specify a repository (by omitting the tag or digest),
+   a repository namespace, or a registry host (and a port if it differs from the default).
+
+   Note that if a registry is accessed using a hostname+port configuration, the port-less hostname
+   is _not_ used as parent scope.
+
+When searching for a configuration to apply for an individual container image, only
+the configuration for the most-precisely matching scope is used; configuration using
+more general scopes is ignored.  For example, if _any_ configuration exists for
+`docker.io/library/busybox`, the configuration for `docker.io` is ignored
+(even if some element of the configuration is defined for `docker.io` and not for `docker.io/library/busybox`).
+
+## Individual Configuration Sections
+
+A single configuration section is selected for a container image using the process
+described above.  The configuration section is a YAML mapping, with the following keys:
+
+- `sigstore-staging` defines an URL of of the signature storage, used for editing it (adding or deleting signatures).
+
+   This key is optional; if it is missing, `sigstore` below is used.
+
+- `sigstore` defines an URL of the signature storage.
+   This URL is used for reading existing signatures,
+   and if `sigstore-staging` does not exist, also for adding or removing them.
+
+   This key is optional; if it is missing, no signature storage is defined (no signatures
+   are download along with images, adding new signatures is possible only if `sigstore-staging` is defined).
+
+## Examples
+
+### Using Containers from Various Origins
+
+The following demonstrates how to to consume and run images from various registries and namespaces:
+
+```yaml
+docker:
+    registry.database-supplier.com:
+        sigstore: https://sigstore.database-supplier.com
+    distribution.great-middleware.org:
+        sigstore: https://security-team.great-middleware.org/sigstore
+    docker.io/web-framework:
+        sigstore: https://sigstore.web-framework.io:8080
+```
+
+### Developing and Signing Containers, Staging Signatures
+
+For developers in `example.com`:
+
+- Consume most container images using the public servers also used by clients.
+- Use a separate sigure storage for an container images in a namespace corresponding to the developers' department, with a staging storage used before publishing signatures.
+- Craft an individual exception for a single branch a specific developer is working on locally.
+
+```yaml
+docker:
+    registry.example.com:
+        sigstore: https://registry-sigstore.example.com
+    registry.example.com/mydepartment:
+        sigstore: https://sigstore.mydepartment.example.com
+        sigstore-staging: file:///mnt/mydepartment/sigstore-staging
+    registry.example.com/mydepartment/myproject:mybranch:
+        sigstore: http://localhost:4242/sigstore
+        sigstore-staging: file:///home/useraccount/webroot/sigstore
+```
+
+### A Global Default
+
+If a company publishes its products using a different domain, and different registry hostname for each of them, it is still possible to use a single signature storage server
+without listing each domain individually. This is expected to rarely happen, usually only for staging new signatures.
+
+```yaml
+default-docker:
+    sigstore-staging: file:///mnt/company/common-sigstore-staging
+```
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-signature.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+% container-signature(5) Container signature format
+% Miloslav Trmač
+% March 2017
+
+# Container signature format
+
+This document describes the format of container signatures,
+as implemented by the `github.com/containers/image/signature` package.
+
+Most users should be able to consume these signatures by using the `github.com/containers/image/signature` package
+(preferably through the higher-level `signature.PolicyContext` interface)
+without having to care about the details of the format described below.
+This documentation exists primarily for maintainers of the package
+and to allow independent reimplementations.
+
+## High-level overview
+
+The signature provides an end-to-end authenticated claim that a container image
+has been approved by a specific party (e.g. the creator of the image as their work,
+an automated build system as a result of an automated build,
+a company IT department approving the image for production) under a specified _identity_
+(e.g. an OS base image / specific application, with a specific version).
+
+A container signature consists of a cryptographic signature which identifies
+and authenticates who signed the image, and carries as a signed payload a JSON document.
+The JSON document identifies the image being signed, claims a specific identity of the
+image and if applicable, contains other information about the image.
+
+The signatures do not modify the container image (the layers, configuration, manifest, …);
+e.g. their presence does not change the manifest digest used to identify the image in
+docker/distribution servers; rather, the signatures are associated with an immutable image.
+An image can have any number of signatures so signature distribution systems SHOULD support
+associating more than one signature with an image.
+
+## The cryptographic signature
+
+As distributed, the container signature is a blob which contains a cryptographic signature
+in an industry-standard format, carrying a signed JSON payload (i.e. the blob contains both the
+JSON document and a signature of the JSON document; it is not a “detached signature” with
+independent blobs containing the JSON document and a cryptographic signature).
+
+Currently the only defined cryptographic signature format is an OpenPGP signature (RFC 4880),
+but others may be added in the future.  (The blob does not contain metadata identifying the
+cryptographic signature format. It is expected that most formats are sufficiently self-describing
+that this is not necessary and the configured expected public key provides another indication
+of the expected cryptographic signature format. Such metadata may be added in the future for
+newly added cryptographic signature formats, if necessary.)
+
+Consumers of container signatures SHOULD verify the cryptographic signature
+against one or more trusted public keys
+(e.g. defined in a [policy.json signature verification policy file](policy.json.md))
+before parsing or processing the JSON payload in _any_ way,
+in particular they SHOULD stop processing the container signature
+if the cryptographic signature verification fails, without even starting to process the JSON payload.
+
+(Consumers MAY extract identification of the signing key and other metadata from the cryptographic signature,
+and the JSON payload, without verifying the signature, if the purpose is to allow managing the signature blobs,
+e.g. to list the authors and image identities of signatures associated with a single container image;
+if so, they SHOULD design the output of such processing to minimize the risk of users considering the output trusted
+or in any way usable for making policy decisions about the image.)
+
+### OpenPGP signature verification
+
+When verifying a cryptographic signature in the OpenPGP format,
+the consumer MUST verify at least the following aspects of the signature
+(like the `github.com/containers/image/signature` package does):
+
+- The blob MUST be a “Signed Message” as defined RFC 4880 section 11.3.
+  (e.g. it MUST NOT be an unsigned “Literal Message”, or any other non-signature format).
+- The signature MUST have been made by an expected key trusted for the purpose (and the specific container image).
+- The signature MUST be correctly formed and pass the cryptographic validation.
+- The signature MUST correctly authenticate the included JSON payload
+  (in particular, the parsing of the JSON payload MUST NOT start before the complete payload has been cryptographically authenticated).
+- The signature MUST NOT be expired.
+
+The consumer SHOULD have tests for its verification code which verify that signatures failing any of the above are rejected.
+
+## JSON processing and forward compatibility
+
+The payload of the cryptographic signature is a JSON document (RFC 7159).
+Consumers SHOULD parse it very strictly,
+refusing any signature which violates the expected format (e.g. missing members, incorrect member types)
+or can be interpreted ambiguously (e.g. a duplicated member in a JSON object).
+
+Any violations of the JSON format or of other requirements in this document MAY be accepted if the JSON document can be recognized
+to have been created by a known-incorrect implementation (see [`optional.creator`](#optionalcreator) below)
+and if the semantics of the invalid document, as created by such an implementation, is clear.
+
+The top-level value of the JSON document MUST be a JSON object with exactly two members, `critical` and `optional`,
+each a JSON object.
+
+The `critical` object MUST contain a `type` member identifying the document as a container signature
+(as defined [below](#criticaltype))
+and signature consumers MUST reject signatures which do not have this member or in which this member does not have the expected value.
+
+To ensure forward compatibility (allowing older signature consumers to correctly
+accept or reject signatures created at a later date, with possible extensions to this format),
+consumers MUST reject the signature if the `critical` object, or _any_ of its subobjects,
+contain _any_ member or data value which is unrecognized, unsupported, invalid, or in any other way unexpected.
+At a minimum, this includes unrecognized members in a JSON object, or incorrect types of expected members.
+
+For the same reason, consumers SHOULD accept any members with unrecognized names in the `optional` object,
+and MAY accept signatures where the object member is recognized but unsupported, or the value of the member is unsupported.
+Consumers still SHOULD reject signatures where a member of an `optional` object is supported but the value is recognized as invalid.
+
+## JSON data format
+
+An example of the full format follows, with detailed description below.
+To reiterate, consumers of the signature SHOULD perform successful cryptographic verification,
+and MUST reject unexpected data in the `critical` object, or in the top-level object, as described above.
+
+```json
+{
+    "critical": {
+        "type": "atomic container signature",
+        "image": {
+            "docker-manifest-digest": "sha256:817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e"
+        },
+        "identity": {
+            "docker-reference": "docker.io/library/busybox:latest"
+        }
+    },
+    "optional": {
+        "creator": "some software package v1.0.1-35",
+        "timestamp": 1483228800,
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### `critical`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object which contains data critical to correctly evaluating the validity of a signature.
+
+Consumers MUST reject any signature where the `critical` object contains any unrecognized, unsupported, invalid or in any other way unexpected member or data.
+
+### `critical.type`
+
+This MUST be a string with a string value exactly equal to `atomic container signature` (three words, including the spaces).
+
+Signature consumers MUST reject signatures which do not have this member or this member does not have exactly the expected value.
+
+(The consumers MAY support signatures with a different value of the `type` member, if any is defined in the future;
+if so, the rest of the JSON document is interpreted according to rules defining that value of `critical.type`,
+not by this document.)
+
+### `critical.image`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object which identifies the container image this signature applies to.
+
+Consumers MUST reject any signature where the `critical.image` object contains any unrecognized, unsupported, invalid or in any other way unexpected member or data.
+
+(Currently only the `docker-manifest-digest` way of identifying a container image is defined;
+alternatives to this may be defined in the future,
+but existing consumers are required to reject signatures which use formats they do not support.)
+
+### `critical.image.docker-manifest-digest`
+
+This MUST be a JSON string, in the `github.com/opencontainers/go-digest.Digest` string format.
+
+The value of this member MUST match the manifest of the signed container image, as implemented in the docker/distribution manifest addressing system.
+
+The consumer of the signature SHOULD verify the manifest digest against a fully verified signature before processing the contents of the image manifest in any other way
+(e.g. parsing the manifest further or downloading layers of the image).
+
+Implementation notes:
+* A single container image manifest may have several valid manifest digest values, using different algorithms.
+* For “signed” [docker/distribution schema 1](https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/spec/manifest-v2-1.md) manifests,
+the manifest digest applies to the payload of the JSON web signature, not to the raw manifest blob.
+
+### `critical.identity`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object which identifies the claimed identity of the image (usually the purpose of the image, or the application, along with a version information),
+as asserted by the author of the signature.
+
+Consumers MUST reject any signature where the `critical.identity` object contains any unrecognized, unsupported, invalid or in any other way unexpected member or data.
+
+(Currently only the `docker-reference` way of claiming an image identity/purpose is defined;
+alternatives to this may be defined in the future,
+but existing consumers are required to reject signatures which use formats they do not support.)
+
+### `critical.identity.docker-reference`
+
+This MUST be a JSON string, in the `github.com/docker/distribution/reference` string format,
+and using the same normalization semantics (where e.g. `busybox:latest` is equivalent to `docker.io/library/busybox:latest`).
+If the normalization semantics allows multiple string representations of the claimed identity with equivalent meaning,
+the `critical.identity.docker-reference` member SHOULD use the fully explicit form (including the full host name and namespaces).
+
+The value of this member MUST match the image identity/purpose expected by the consumer of the image signature and the image
+(again, accounting for the `docker/distribution/reference` normalization semantics).
+
+In the most common case, this means that the `critical.identity.docker-reference` value must be equal to the docker/distribution reference used to refer to or download the image.
+However, depending on the specific application, users or system administrators may accept less specific matches
+(e.g. ignoring the tag value in the signature when pulling the `:latest` tag or when referencing an image by digest),
+or they may require `critical.identity.docker-reference` values with a completely different namespace to the reference used to refer to/download the image
+(e.g. requiring a `critical.identity.docker-reference` value which identifies the image as coming from a supplier when fetching it from a company-internal mirror of approved images).
+The software performing this verification SHOULD allow the users to define such a policy using the [policy.json signature verification policy file format](policy.json.md).
+
+The `critical.identity.docker-reference` value SHOULD contain either a tag or digest;
+in most cases, it SHOULD use a tag rather than a digest.  (See also the default [`matchRepoDigestOrExact` matching semantics in `policy.json`](policy.json.md#signedby).)
+
+### `optional`
+
+This MUST be a JSON object.
+
+Consumers SHOULD accept any members with unrecognized names in the `optional` object,
+and MAY accept a signature where the object member is recognized but unsupported, or the value of the member is valid but unsupported.
+Consumers still SHOULD reject any signature where a member of an `optional` object is supported but the value is recognized as invalid.
+
+### `optional.creator`
+
+If present, this MUST be a JSON string, identifying the name and version of the software which has created the signature.
+
+The contents of this string is not defined in detail; however each implementation creating container signatures:
+
+- SHOULD define the contents to unambiguously define the software in practice (e.g. it SHOULD contain the name of the software, not only the version number)
+- SHOULD use a build and versioning process which ensures that the contents of this string (e.g. an included version number)
+  changes whenever the format or semantics of the generated signature changes in any way;
+  it SHOULD not be possible for two implementations which use a different format or semantics to have the same `optional.creator` value
+- SHOULD use a format which is reasonably easy to parse in software (perhaps using a regexp),
+  and which makes it easy enough to recognize a range of versions of a specific implementation
+  (e.g. the version of the implementation SHOULD NOT be only a git hash, because they don’t have an easily defined ordering;
+  the string should contain a version number, or at least a date of the commit).
+
+Consumers of container signatures MAY recognize specific values or sets of values of `optional.creator`
+(perhaps augmented with `optional.timestamp`),
+and MAY change their processing of the signature based on these values
+(usually to acommodate violations of this specification in past versions of the signing software which cannot be fixed retroactively),
+as long as the semantics of the invalid document, as created by such an implementation, is clear.
+
+If consumers of signatures do change their behavior based on the `optional.creator` value,
+they SHOULD take care that the way they process the signatures is not inconsistent with
+strictly validating signature consumers.
+(I.e. it is acceptable for a consumer to accept a signature based on a specific `optional.creator` value
+if other implementations would completely reject the signature,
+but it would be very undesirable for the two kinds of implementations to accept the signature in different
+and inconsistent situations.)
+
+### `optional.timestamp`
+
+If present, this MUST be a JSON number, which is representable as a 64-bit integer, and identifies the time when the signature was created
+as the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch (Jan 1 1970 00:00 UTC).

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/containers-transports.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+% CONTAINERS-TRANSPORTS(5) Containers Transports Man Page
+% Valentin Rothberg
+% April 2019
+
+## NAME
+
+containers-transports - description of supported transports for copying and storing container images
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Tools which use the containers/image library, including skopeo(1), buildah(1), podman(1), all share a common syntax for referring to container images in various locations.
+The general form of the syntax is _transport:details_, where details are dependent on the specified transport, which are documented below.
+
+### **containers-storage:** [storage-specifier]{image-id|docker-reference[@image-id]}
+
+An image located in a local containers storage.
+The format of _docker-reference_ is described in detail in the **docker** transport.
+
+The _storage-specifier_ allows for referencing storage locations on the file system and has the format `[[driver@]root[+run-root][:options]]` where the optional `driver` refers to the storage driver (e.g., overlay or btrfs) and where `root` is an absolute path to the storage's root directory.
+The optional `run-root` can be used to specify the run directory of the storage where all temporary writable content is stored.
+The optional `options` are a comma-separated list of driver-specific options.
+Please refer to containers-storage.conf(5) for further information on the drivers and supported options.
+
+### **dir:**_path_
+
+An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files.
+This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
+
+### **docker://**_docker-reference_
+
+An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2".
+By default, uses the authorization state in `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using podman-login(1).
+If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using docker-login(1).
+The containers-registries.conf(5) further allows for configuring various settings of a registry.
+
+Note that a _docker-reference_ has the following format: `name[:tag|@digest]`.
+While the docker transport does not support both a tag and a digest at the same time some formats like containers-storage do.
+Digests can also be used in an image destination as long as the manifest matches the provided digest.
+The digest of images can be explored with skopeo-inspect(1).
+If `name` does not contain a slash, it is treated as `docker.io/library/name`.
+Otherwise, the component before the first slash is checked if it is recognized as a `hostname[:port]` (i.e., it contains either a . or a :, or the component is exactly localhost).
+If the first component of name is not recognized as a `hostname[:port]`, `name` is treated as `docker.io/name`.
+
+### **docker-archive:**_path[:docker-reference]_
+
+An image is stored in the docker-save(1) formatted file.
+_docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
+It is further possible to copy data to stdin by specifying `docker-archive:/dev/stdin` but note that the used file must be seekable.
+
+### **docker-daemon:**_docker-reference|algo:digest_
+
+An image stored in the docker daemon's internal storage.
+The image must be specified as a _docker-reference_ or in an alternative _algo:digest_ format when being used as an image source.
+The _algo:digest_ refers to the image ID reported by docker-inspect(1).
+
+### **oci:**_path[:tag]_
+
+An image compliant with the "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
+Using a _tag_ is optional and allows for storing multiple images at the same _path_.
+
+### **oci-archive:**_path[:tag]_
+
+An image compliant with the "Open Container Image Layout Specification" stored as a tar(1) archive at _path_.
+
+### **ostree:**_docker-reference[@/absolute/repo/path]_
+
+An image in the local ostree(1) repository.
+_/absolute/repo/path_ defaults to _/ostree/repo_.
+
+## Examples
+
+The following examples demonstrate how some of the containers transports can be used.
+The examples use skopeo-copy(1) for copying container images.
+
+**Copying an image from one registry to another**:
+```
+$ skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/alpine:latest docker://localhost:5000/alpine:latest
+```
+
+**Copying an image from a running Docker daemon to a directory in the OCI layout**:
+```
+$ mkdir alpine-oci
+$ skopeo copy docker-daemon:alpine:latest oci:alpine-oci
+$ tree alpine-oci
+test-oci/
+├── blobs
+│   └── sha256
+│       ├── 83ef92b73cf4595aa7fe214ec6747228283d585f373d8f6bc08d66bebab531b7
+│       ├── 9a6259e911dcd0a53535a25a9760ad8f2eded3528e0ad5604c4488624795cecc
+│       └── ff8df268d29ccbe81cdf0a173076dcfbbea4bb2b6df1dd26766a73cb7b4ae6f7
+├── index.json
+└── oci-layout
+
+2 directories, 5 files
+```
+
+**Copying an image from a registry to the local storage**:
+```
+$ skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/alpine:latest containers-storage:alpine:latest
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+
+docker-login(1), docker-save(1), ostree(1), podman-login(1), skopeo-copy(1), skopeo-inspect(1), tar(1), container-registries.conf(5), containers-storage.conf(5)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>
+Valentin Rothberg <rothberg@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/containers/image/docs/signature-protocols.md

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Signature access protocols
+
+The `github.com/containers/image` library supports signatures implemented as blobs “attached to” an image.
+Some image transports (local storage formats and remote procotocols) implement these signatures natively
+or trivially; for others, the protocol extensions described below are necessary.
+
+## docker/distribution registries—separate storage
+
+### Usage
+
+Any existing docker/distribution registry, whether or not it natively supports signatures,
+can be augmented with separate signature storage by configuring a signature storage URL in [`registries.d`](registries.d.md).
+`registries.d` can be configured to use one storage URL for a whole docker/distribution server,
+or also separate URLs for smaller namespaces or individual repositories within the server
+(which e.g. allows image authors to manage their own signature storage while publishing
+the images on the public `docker.io` server).
+
+The signature storage URL defines a root of a path hierarchy.
+It can be either a `file:///…` URL, pointing to a local directory structure,
+or a `http`/`https` URL, pointing to a remote server.
+`file:///` signature storage can be both read and written, `http`/`https` only supports reading.
+
+The same path hierarchy is used in both cases, so the HTTP/HTTPS server can be
+a simple static web server serving a directory structure created by writing to a `file:///` signature storage.
+(This of course does not prevent other server implementations,
+e.g. a HTTP server reading signatures from a database.)
+
+The usual workflow for producing and distributing images using the separate storage mechanism
+is to configure the repository in `registries.d` with `sigstore-staging` URL pointing to a private
+`file:///` staging area, and a `sigstore` URL pointing to a public web server.
+To publish an image, the image author would sign the image as necessary (e.g. using `skopeo copy`),
+and then copy the created directory structure from the `file:///` staging area
+to a subdirectory of a webroot of the public web server so that they are accessible using the public `sigstore` URL.
+The author would also instruct consumers of the image to, or provide a `registries.d` configuration file to,
+set up a `sigstore` URL pointing to the public web server.
+
+### Path structure
+
+Given a _base_ signature storage URL configured in `registries.d` as mentioned above,
+and a container image stored in a docker/distribution registry using the _fully-expanded_ name
+_hostname_`/`_namespaces_`/`_name_{`@`_digest_,`:`_tag_} (e.g. for `docker.io/library/busybox:latest`,
+_namespaces_ is `library`, even if the user refers to the image using the shorter syntax as `busybox:latest`),
+signatures are accessed using URLs of the form
+> _base_`/`_namespaces_`/`_name_`@`_digest-algo_`=`_digest-value_`/signature-`_index_
+
+where _digest-algo_`:`_digest-value_ is a manifest digest usable for referencing the relevant image manifest
+(i.e. even if the user referenced the image using a tag,
+the signature storage is always disambiguated using digest references).
+Note that in the URLs used for signatures,
+_digest-algo_ and _digest-value_ are separated using the `=` character,
+not `:` like when acessing the manifest using the docker/distribution API.
+
+Within the URL, _index_ is a decimal integer (in the canonical form), starting with 1.
+Signatures are stored at URLs with successive _index_ values; to read all of them, start with _index_=1,
+and continue reading signatures and increasing _index_ as long as signatures with these _index_ values exist.
+Similarly, to add one more signature to an image, find the first _index_ which does not exist, and
+then store the new signature using that _index_ value.
+
+There is no way to list existing signatures other than iterating through the successive _index_ values,
+and no way to download all of the signatures at once.
+
+### Examples
+
+For a docker/distribution image available as `busybox@sha256:817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e`
+(or as `busybox:latest` if the `latest` tag points to to a manifest with the same digest),
+and with a `registries.d` configuration specifying a `sigstore` URL `https://example.com/sigstore` for the same image,
+the following URLs would be accessed to download all signatures:
+> - `https://example.com/sigstore/library/busybox@sha256=817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e/signature-1`
+> - `https://example.com/sigstore/library/busybox@sha256=817a12c32a39bbe394944ba49de563e085f1d3c5266eb8e9723256bc4448680e/signature-2`
+> - …
+
+For a docker/distribution image available as `example.com/ns1/ns2/ns3/repo@somedigest:digestvalue` and the same
+`sigstore` URL, the signatures would be available at
+> `https://example.com/sigstore/ns1/ns2/ns3/repo@somedigest=digestvalue/signature-1`
+
+and so on.
+
+## (OpenShift) docker/distribution API extension
+
+As of https://github.com/openshift/origin/pull/12504/ , the OpenShift-embedded registry also provides
+an extension of the docker/distribution API which allows simpler access to the signatures,
+using only the docker/distribution API endpoint.
+
+This API is not inherently OpenShift-specific (e.g. the client does not need to know the OpenShift API endpoint,
+and credentials sufficient to access the docker/distribution API server are sufficient to access signatures as well),
+and it is the preferred way implement signature storage in registries.
+
+See https://github.com/openshift/openshift-docs/pull/3556 for the upstream documentation of the API.
+
+To read the signature, any user with access to an image can use the `/extensions/v2/…/signatures/…`
+path to read an array of signatures.  Use only the signature objects
+which have `version` equal to `2`, `type` equal to `atomic`, and read the signature from `content`;
+ignore the other fields of the signature object.
+
+To add a single signature, `PUT` a new object with `version` set to `2`, `type` set to `atomic`,
+and `content` set to the signature.  Also set `name` to an unique name with the form
+_digest_`@`_per-image-name_, where _digest_ is an image manifest digest (also used in the URL),
+and _per-image-name_ is any unique identifier.
+
+To add more than one signature, add them one at a time.  This API does not allow deleting signatures.
+
+Note that because signatures are stored within the cluster-wide image objects,
+i.e. different namespaces can not associate different sets of signatures to the same image,
+updating signatures requires a cluster-wide access to the `imagesignatures` resource
+(by default available to the `system:image-signer` role),
+
+## OpenShift-embedded registries
+
+The OpenShift-embedded registry implements the ordinary docker/distribution API,
+and it also exposes images through the OpenShift REST API (available through the “API master” servers).
+
+Note: OpenShift versions 1.5 and later support the above-described [docker/distribution API extension](#openshift-dockerdistribution-api-extension),
+which is easier to set up and should usually be preferred.
+Continue reading for details on using older versions of OpenShift.
+
+As of https://github.com/openshift/origin/pull/9181,
+signatures are exposed through the OpenShift API
+(i.e. to access the complete image, it is necessary to use both APIs,
+in particular to know the URLs for both the docker/distribution and the OpenShift API master endpoints).
+
+To read the signature, any user with access to an image can use the `imagestreamimages` namespaced
+resource to read an `Image` object and its `Signatures` array.  Use only the `ImageSignature` objects
+which have `Type` equal to `atomic`, and read the signature from `Content`; ignore the other fields of
+the `ImageSignature` object.
+
+To add or remove signatures, use the cluster-wide (non-namespaced) `imagesignatures` resource,
+with `Type` set to `atomic` and `Content` set to the signature.  Signature names must have the form
+_digest_`@`_per-image-name_, where _digest_ is an image manifest digest (OpenShift “image name”),
+and _per-image-name_ is any unique identifier.
+
+Note that because signatures are stored within the cluster-wide image objects,
+i.e. different namespaces can not associate different sets of signatures to the same image,
+updating signatures requires a cluster-wide access to the `imagesignatures` resource
+(by default available to the `system:image-signer` role),
+and deleting signatures is strongly discouraged
+(it deletes the signature from all namespaces which contain the same image).

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/docker_schema2.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
-	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) ConfigBlob(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 		if m.src == nil {
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: neither src nor configBlob set in manifestSchema2")
 		}
-		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(ctx, manifest.BlobInfoFromSchema2Descriptor(m.m.ConfigDescriptor), blobinfocache.NoCache)
+		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(ctx, manifest.BlobInfoFromSchema2Descriptor(m.m.ConfigDescriptor), none.NoCache)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func (m *manifestSchema2) convertToManifestSchema1(ctx context.Context, dest typ
 				logrus.Debugf("Uploading empty layer during conversion to schema 1")
 				// Ideally we should update the relevant BlobInfoCache about this layer, but that would require passing it down here,
 				// and anyway this blob is so small that it’s easier to just copy it than to worry about figuring out another location where to get it.
-				info, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, bytes.NewReader(GzippedEmptyLayer), types.BlobInfo{Digest: GzippedEmptyLayerDigest, Size: int64(len(GzippedEmptyLayer))}, blobinfocache.NoCache, false)
+				info, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, bytes.NewReader(GzippedEmptyLayer), types.BlobInfo{Digest: GzippedEmptyLayerDigest, Size: int64(len(GzippedEmptyLayer))}, none.NoCache, false)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Error uploading empty layer")
 				}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/image/oci.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
-	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (m *manifestOCI1) ConfigBlob(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 		if m.src == nil {
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("Internal error: neither src nor configBlob set in manifestOCI1")
 		}
-		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(ctx, manifest.BlobInfoFromOCI1Descriptor(m.m.Config), blobinfocache.NoCache)
+		stream, _, err := m.src.GetBlob(ctx, manifest.BlobInfoFromOCI1Descriptor(m.m.Config), none.NoCache)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/ostree/ostree_src.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/ioutils"
 	"github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	glib "github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go/pkg/glibobject"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/vbatts/tar-split/tar/asm"
@@ -313,24 +313,19 @@ func (s *ostreeImageSource) GetBlob(ctx context.Context, info types.BlobInfo, ca
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	defer mfz.Close()
 	metaUnpacker := storage.NewJSONUnpacker(mfz)
 
 	getter, err := newOSTreePathFileGetter(s.repo, branch)
 	if err != nil {
+		mfz.Close()
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 
 	ots := asm.NewOutputTarStream(getter, metaUnpacker)
 
-	pipeReader, pipeWriter := io.Pipe()
-	go func() {
-		io.Copy(pipeWriter, ots)
-		pipeWriter.Close()
-	}()
-
-	rc := ioutils.NewReadCloserWrapper(pipeReader, func() error {
+	rc := ioutils.NewReadCloserWrapper(ots, func() error {
 		getter.Close()
+		mfz.Close()
 		return ots.Close()
 	})
 	return rc, layerSize, nil

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb/boltdb.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-package blobinfocache
+// Package boltdb implements a BlobInfoCache backed by BoltDB.
+package boltdb
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -6,8 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/boltdb/bolt"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/internal/prioritize"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	bolt "github.com/etcd-io/bbolt"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
@@ -81,22 +83,23 @@ func unlockPath(path string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// boltDBCache si a BlobInfoCache implementation which uses a BoltDB file at the specified path.
+// cache is a BlobInfoCache implementation which uses a BoltDB file at the specified path.
 //
 // Note that we don’t keep the database open across operations, because that would lock the file and block any other
 // users; instead, we need to open/close it for every single write or lookup.
-type boltDBCache struct {
+type cache struct {
 	path string
 }
 
-// NewBoltDBCache returns a BlobInfoCache implementation which uses a BoltDB file at path.
-// Most users should call DefaultCache instead.
-func NewBoltDBCache(path string) types.BlobInfoCache {
-	return &boltDBCache{path: path}
+// New returns a BlobInfoCache implementation which uses a BoltDB file at path.
+//
+// Most users should call blobinfocache.DefaultCache instead.
+func New(path string) types.BlobInfoCache {
+	return &cache{path: path}
 }
 
 // view returns runs the specified fn within a read-only transaction on the database.
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) view(fn func(tx *bolt.Tx) error) (retErr error) {
+func (bdc *cache) view(fn func(tx *bolt.Tx) error) (retErr error) {
 	// bolt.Open(bdc.path, 0600, &bolt.Options{ReadOnly: true}) will, if the file does not exist,
 	// nevertheless create it, but with an O_RDONLY file descriptor, try to initialize it, and fail — while holding
 	// a read lock, blocking any future writes.
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) view(fn func(tx *bolt.Tx) error) (retErr error) {
 }
 
 // update returns runs the specified fn within a read-write transaction on the database.
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) update(fn func(tx *bolt.Tx) error) (retErr error) {
+func (bdc *cache) update(fn func(tx *bolt.Tx) error) (retErr error) {
 	lockPath(bdc.path)
 	defer unlockPath(bdc.path)
 	db, err := bolt.Open(bdc.path, 0600, nil)
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) update(fn func(tx *bolt.Tx) error) (retErr error) {
 }
 
 // uncompressedDigest implements BlobInfoCache.UncompressedDigest within the provided read-only transaction.
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) uncompressedDigest(tx *bolt.Tx, anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
+func (bdc *cache) uncompressedDigest(tx *bolt.Tx, anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
 	if b := tx.Bucket(uncompressedDigestBucket); b != nil {
 		if uncompressedBytes := b.Get([]byte(anyDigest.String())); uncompressedBytes != nil {
 			d, err := digest.Parse(string(uncompressedBytes))
@@ -166,7 +169,7 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) uncompressedDigest(tx *bolt.Tx, anyDigest digest.Digest)
 // UncompressedDigest returns an uncompressed digest corresponding to anyDigest.
 // May return anyDigest if it is known to be uncompressed.
 // Returns "" if nothing is known about the digest (it may be compressed or uncompressed).
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) UncompressedDigest(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
+func (bdc *cache) UncompressedDigest(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
 	var res digest.Digest
 	if err := bdc.view(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		res = bdc.uncompressedDigest(tx, anyDigest)
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) UncompressedDigest(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Diges
 // WARNING: Only call this for LOCALLY VERIFIED data; don’t record a digest pair just because some remote author claims so (e.g.
 // because a manifest/config pair exists); otherwise the cache could be poisoned and allow substituting unexpected blobs.
 // (Eventually, the DiffIDs in image config could detect the substitution, but that may be too late, and not all image formats contain that data.)
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) RecordDigestUncompressedPair(anyDigest digest.Digest, uncompressed digest.Digest) {
+func (bdc *cache) RecordDigestUncompressedPair(anyDigest digest.Digest, uncompressed digest.Digest) {
 	_ = bdc.update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		b, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(uncompressedDigestBucket)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -219,7 +222,7 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) RecordDigestUncompressedPair(anyDigest digest.Digest, un
 
 // RecordKnownLocation records that a blob with the specified digest exists within the specified (transport, scope) scope,
 // and can be reused given the opaque location data.
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) RecordKnownLocation(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, blobDigest digest.Digest, location types.BICLocationReference) {
+func (bdc *cache) RecordKnownLocation(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, blobDigest digest.Digest, location types.BICLocationReference) {
 	_ = bdc.update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		b, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(knownLocationsBucket)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -248,8 +251,8 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) RecordKnownLocation(transport types.ImageTransport, scop
 	}) // FIXME? Log error (but throttle the log volume on repeated accesses)?
 }
 
-// appendReplacementCandiates creates candidateWithTime values for digest in scopeBucket, and returns the result of appending them to candidates.
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []candidateWithTime, scopeBucket *bolt.Bucket, digest digest.Digest) []candidateWithTime {
+// appendReplacementCandiates creates prioritize.CandidateWithTime values for digest in scopeBucket, and returns the result of appending them to candidates.
+func (bdc *cache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []prioritize.CandidateWithTime, scopeBucket *bolt.Bucket, digest digest.Digest) []prioritize.CandidateWithTime {
 	b := scopeBucket.Bucket([]byte(digest.String()))
 	if b == nil {
 		return candidates
@@ -259,12 +262,12 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []candidateWithTi
 		if err := t.UnmarshalBinary(v); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		candidates = append(candidates, candidateWithTime{
-			candidate: types.BICReplacementCandidate{
+		candidates = append(candidates, prioritize.CandidateWithTime{
+			Candidate: types.BICReplacementCandidate{
 				Digest:   digest,
 				Location: types.BICLocationReference{Opaque: string(k)},
 			},
-			lastSeen: t,
+			LastSeen: t,
 		})
 		return nil
 	}) // FIXME? Log error (but throttle the log volume on repeated accesses)?
@@ -277,8 +280,8 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []candidateWithTi
 // If !canSubstitute, the returned cadidates will match the submitted digest exactly; if canSubstitute,
 // data from previous RecordDigestUncompressedPair calls is used to also look up variants of the blob which have the same
 // uncompressed digest.
-func (bdc *boltDBCache) CandidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, primaryDigest digest.Digest, canSubstitute bool) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
-	res := []candidateWithTime{}
+func (bdc *cache) CandidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, primaryDigest digest.Digest, canSubstitute bool) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
+	res := []prioritize.CandidateWithTime{}
 	var uncompressedDigestValue digest.Digest // = ""
 	if err := bdc.view(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		scopeBucket := tx.Bucket(knownLocationsBucket)
@@ -325,5 +328,5 @@ func (bdc *boltDBCache) CandidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope
 		return []types.BICReplacementCandidate{} // FIXME? Log err (but throttle the log volume on repeated accesses)?
 	}
 
-	return destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates(res, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigestValue)
+	return prioritize.DestructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates(res, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigestValue)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/default.go

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/boltdb"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/memory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
@@ -45,19 +48,28 @@ func blobInfoCacheDir(sys *types.SystemContext, euid int) (string, error) {
 	return filepath.Join(dataDir, "containers", "cache"), nil
 }
 
+func getRootlessUID() int {
+	uidEnv := os.Getenv("_CONTAINERS_ROOTLESS_UID")
+	if uidEnv != "" {
+		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(uidEnv)
+		return u
+	}
+	return os.Geteuid()
+}
+
 // DefaultCache returns the default BlobInfoCache implementation appropriate for sys.
 func DefaultCache(sys *types.SystemContext) types.BlobInfoCache {
-	dir, err := blobInfoCacheDir(sys, os.Geteuid())
+	dir, err := blobInfoCacheDir(sys, getRootlessUID())
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error determining a location for %s, using a memory-only cache", blobInfoCacheFilename)
-		return NewMemoryCache()
+		return memory.New()
 	}
 	path := filepath.Join(dir, blobInfoCacheFilename)
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("Error creating parent directories for %s, using a memory-only cache: %v", blobInfoCacheFilename, err)
-		return NewMemoryCache()
+		return memory.New()
 	}
 
 	logrus.Debugf("Using blob info cache at %s", path)
-	return NewBoltDBCache(path)
+	return boltdb.New(path)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/internal/prioritize/prioritize.go

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-package blobinfocache
+// Package prioritize provides utilities for prioritizing locations in
+// types.BlobInfoCache.CandidateLocations.
+package prioritize
 
 import (
 	"sort"
@@ -13,16 +15,16 @@ import (
 // This is a heuristic/guess, and could well use a different value.
 const replacementAttempts = 5
 
-// candidateWithTime is the input to types.BICReplacementCandidate prioritization.
-type candidateWithTime struct {
-	candidate types.BICReplacementCandidate // The replacement candidate
-	lastSeen  time.Time                     // Time the candidate was last known to exist (either read or written)
+// CandidateWithTime is the input to types.BICReplacementCandidate prioritization.
+type CandidateWithTime struct {
+	Candidate types.BICReplacementCandidate // The replacement candidate
+	LastSeen  time.Time                     // Time the candidate was last known to exist (either read or written)
 }
 
 // candidateSortState is a local state implementing sort.Interface on candidates to prioritize,
 // along with the specially-treated digest values for the implementation of sort.Interface.Less
 type candidateSortState struct {
-	cs                 []candidateWithTime // The entries to sort
+	cs                 []CandidateWithTime // The entries to sort
 	primaryDigest      digest.Digest       // The digest the user actually asked for
 	uncompressedDigest digest.Digest       // The uncompressed digest corresponding to primaryDigest. May be "", or even equal to primaryDigest
 }
@@ -40,35 +42,35 @@ func (css *candidateSortState) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	// Other digest values are primarily sorted by time (more recent first), secondarily by digest (to provide a deterministic order)
 
 	// First, deal with the primaryDigest/uncompressedDigest cases:
-	if xi.candidate.Digest != xj.candidate.Digest {
+	if xi.Candidate.Digest != xj.Candidate.Digest {
 		// - The two digests are different, and one (or both) of the digests is primaryDigest or uncompressedDigest: time does not matter
-		if xi.candidate.Digest == css.primaryDigest {
+		if xi.Candidate.Digest == css.primaryDigest {
 			return true
 		}
-		if xj.candidate.Digest == css.primaryDigest {
+		if xj.Candidate.Digest == css.primaryDigest {
 			return false
 		}
 		if css.uncompressedDigest != "" {
-			if xi.candidate.Digest == css.uncompressedDigest {
+			if xi.Candidate.Digest == css.uncompressedDigest {
 				return false
 			}
-			if xj.candidate.Digest == css.uncompressedDigest {
+			if xj.Candidate.Digest == css.uncompressedDigest {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
-	} else { // xi.candidate.Digest == xj.candidate.Digest
+	} else { // xi.Candidate.Digest == xj.Candidate.Digest
 		// The two digests are the same, and are either primaryDigest or uncompressedDigest: order by time
-		if xi.candidate.Digest == css.primaryDigest || (css.uncompressedDigest != "" && xi.candidate.Digest == css.uncompressedDigest) {
-			return xi.lastSeen.After(xj.lastSeen)
+		if xi.Candidate.Digest == css.primaryDigest || (css.uncompressedDigest != "" && xi.Candidate.Digest == css.uncompressedDigest) {
+			return xi.LastSeen.After(xj.LastSeen)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Neither of the digests are primaryDigest/uncompressedDigest:
-	if !xi.lastSeen.Equal(xj.lastSeen) { // Order primarily by time
-		return xi.lastSeen.After(xj.lastSeen)
+	if !xi.LastSeen.Equal(xj.LastSeen) { // Order primarily by time
+		return xi.LastSeen.After(xj.LastSeen)
 	}
 	// Fall back to digest, if timestamps end up _exactly_ the same (how?!)
-	return xi.candidate.Digest < xj.candidate.Digest
+	return xi.Candidate.Digest < xj.Candidate.Digest
 }
 
 func (css *candidateSortState) Swap(i, j int) {
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ func (css *candidateSortState) Swap(i, j int) {
 
 // destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidatesWithMax is destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates with a parameter for the
 // number of entries to limit, only to make testing simpler.
-func destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidatesWithMax(cs []candidateWithTime, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest digest.Digest, maxCandidates int) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
+func destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidatesWithMax(cs []CandidateWithTime, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest digest.Digest, maxCandidates int) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
 	// We don't need to use sort.Stable() because nanosecond timestamps are (presumably?) unique, so no two elements should
 	// compare equal.
 	sort.Sort(&candidateSortState{
@@ -92,17 +94,17 @@ func destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidatesWithMax(cs []candidateWithTime,
 	}
 	res := make([]types.BICReplacementCandidate, resLength)
 	for i := range res {
-		res[i] = cs[i].candidate
+		res[i] = cs[i].Candidate
 	}
 	return res
 }
 
-// destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates consumes AND DESTROYS an array of possible replacement candidates with their last known existence times,
+// DestructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates consumes AND DESTROYS an array of possible replacement candidates with their last known existence times,
 // the primary digest the user actually asked for, and the corresponding uncompressed digest (if known, possibly equal to the primary digest),
 // and returns an appropriately prioritized and/or trimmed result suitable for a return value from types.BlobInfoCache.CandidateLocations.
 //
 // WARNING: The array of candidates is destructively modified. (The implementation of this function could of course
 // make a copy, but all CandidateLocations implementations build the slice of candidates only for the single purpose of calling this function anyway.)
-func destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates(cs []candidateWithTime, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest digest.Digest) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
+func DestructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates(cs []CandidateWithTime, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest digest.Digest) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
 	return destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidatesWithMax(cs, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest, replacementAttempts)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/memory/memory.go

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-package blobinfocache
+// Package memory implements an in-memory BlobInfoCache.
+package memory
 
 import (
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/internal/prioritize"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -15,19 +18,25 @@ type locationKey struct {
 	blobDigest digest.Digest
 }
 
-// memoryCache implements an in-memory-only BlobInfoCache
-type memoryCache struct {
+// cache implements an in-memory-only BlobInfoCache
+type cache struct {
+	mutex sync.Mutex
+	// The following fields can only be accessed with mutex held.
 	uncompressedDigests   map[digest.Digest]digest.Digest
 	digestsByUncompressed map[digest.Digest]map[digest.Digest]struct{}             // stores a set of digests for each uncompressed digest
 	knownLocations        map[locationKey]map[types.BICLocationReference]time.Time // stores last known existence time for each location reference
 }
 
-// NewMemoryCache returns a BlobInfoCache implementation which is in-memory only.
-// This is primarily intended for tests, but also used as a fallback if DefaultCache
-// can’t determine, or set up, the location for a persistent cache.
-// Manual users of types.{ImageSource,ImageDestination} might also use this instead of a persistent cache.
-func NewMemoryCache() types.BlobInfoCache {
-	return &memoryCache{
+// New returns a BlobInfoCache implementation which is in-memory only.
+//
+// This is primarily intended for tests, but also used as a fallback
+// if blobinfocache.DefaultCache can’t determine, or set up, the
+// location for a persistent cache.  Most users should use
+// blobinfocache.DefaultCache. instead of calling this directly.
+// Manual users of types.{ImageSource,ImageDestination} might also use
+// this instead of a persistent cache.
+func New() types.BlobInfoCache {
+	return &cache{
 		uncompressedDigests:   map[digest.Digest]digest.Digest{},
 		digestsByUncompressed: map[digest.Digest]map[digest.Digest]struct{}{},
 		knownLocations:        map[locationKey]map[types.BICLocationReference]time.Time{},
@@ -37,7 +46,14 @@ func NewMemoryCache() types.BlobInfoCache {
 // UncompressedDigest returns an uncompressed digest corresponding to anyDigest.
 // May return anyDigest if it is known to be uncompressed.
 // Returns "" if nothing is known about the digest (it may be compressed or uncompressed).
-func (mem *memoryCache) UncompressedDigest(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
+func (mem *cache) UncompressedDigest(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
+	mem.mutex.Lock()
+	defer mem.mutex.Unlock()
+	return mem.uncompressedDigestLocked(anyDigest)
+}
+
+// uncompressedDigestLocked implements types.BlobInfoCache.UncompressedDigest, but must be called only with mem.mutex held.
+func (mem *cache) uncompressedDigestLocked(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Digest {
 	if d, ok := mem.uncompressedDigests[anyDigest]; ok {
 		return d
 	}
@@ -55,7 +71,9 @@ func (mem *memoryCache) UncompressedDigest(anyDigest digest.Digest) digest.Diges
 // WARNING: Only call this for LOCALLY VERIFIED data; don’t record a digest pair just because some remote author claims so (e.g.
 // because a manifest/config pair exists); otherwise the cache could be poisoned and allow substituting unexpected blobs.
 // (Eventually, the DiffIDs in image config could detect the substitution, but that may be too late, and not all image formats contain that data.)
-func (mem *memoryCache) RecordDigestUncompressedPair(anyDigest digest.Digest, uncompressed digest.Digest) {
+func (mem *cache) RecordDigestUncompressedPair(anyDigest digest.Digest, uncompressed digest.Digest) {
+	mem.mutex.Lock()
+	defer mem.mutex.Unlock()
 	if previous, ok := mem.uncompressedDigests[anyDigest]; ok && previous != uncompressed {
 		logrus.Warnf("Uncompressed digest for blob %s previously recorded as %s, now %s", anyDigest, previous, uncompressed)
 	}
@@ -71,7 +89,9 @@ func (mem *memoryCache) RecordDigestUncompressedPair(anyDigest digest.Digest, un
 
 // RecordKnownLocation records that a blob with the specified digest exists within the specified (transport, scope) scope,
 // and can be reused given the opaque location data.
-func (mem *memoryCache) RecordKnownLocation(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, blobDigest digest.Digest, location types.BICLocationReference) {
+func (mem *cache) RecordKnownLocation(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, blobDigest digest.Digest, location types.BICLocationReference) {
+	mem.mutex.Lock()
+	defer mem.mutex.Unlock()
 	key := locationKey{transport: transport.Name(), scope: scope, blobDigest: blobDigest}
 	locationScope, ok := mem.knownLocations[key]
 	if !ok {
@@ -81,16 +101,16 @@ func (mem *memoryCache) RecordKnownLocation(transport types.ImageTransport, scop
 	locationScope[location] = time.Now() // Possibly overwriting an older entry.
 }
 
-// appendReplacementCandiates creates candidateWithTime values for (transport, scope, digest), and returns the result of appending them to candidates.
-func (mem *memoryCache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []candidateWithTime, transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, digest digest.Digest) []candidateWithTime {
+// appendReplacementCandiates creates prioritize.CandidateWithTime values for (transport, scope, digest), and returns the result of appending them to candidates.
+func (mem *cache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []prioritize.CandidateWithTime, transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, digest digest.Digest) []prioritize.CandidateWithTime {
 	locations := mem.knownLocations[locationKey{transport: transport.Name(), scope: scope, blobDigest: digest}] // nil if not present
 	for l, t := range locations {
-		candidates = append(candidates, candidateWithTime{
-			candidate: types.BICReplacementCandidate{
+		candidates = append(candidates, prioritize.CandidateWithTime{
+			Candidate: types.BICReplacementCandidate{
 				Digest:   digest,
 				Location: l,
 			},
-			lastSeen: t,
+			LastSeen: t,
 		})
 	}
 	return candidates
@@ -102,12 +122,14 @@ func (mem *memoryCache) appendReplacementCandidates(candidates []candidateWithTi
 // If !canSubstitute, the returned cadidates will match the submitted digest exactly; if canSubstitute,
 // data from previous RecordDigestUncompressedPair calls is used to also look up variants of the blob which have the same
 // uncompressed digest.
-func (mem *memoryCache) CandidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, primaryDigest digest.Digest, canSubstitute bool) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
-	res := []candidateWithTime{}
+func (mem *cache) CandidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types.BICTransportScope, primaryDigest digest.Digest, canSubstitute bool) []types.BICReplacementCandidate {
+	mem.mutex.Lock()
+	defer mem.mutex.Unlock()
+	res := []prioritize.CandidateWithTime{}
 	res = mem.appendReplacementCandidates(res, transport, scope, primaryDigest)
 	var uncompressedDigest digest.Digest // = ""
 	if canSubstitute {
-		if uncompressedDigest = mem.UncompressedDigest(primaryDigest); uncompressedDigest != "" {
+		if uncompressedDigest = mem.uncompressedDigestLocked(primaryDigest); uncompressedDigest != "" {
 			otherDigests := mem.digestsByUncompressed[uncompressedDigest] // nil if not present in the map
 			for d := range otherDigests {
 				if d != primaryDigest && d != uncompressedDigest {
@@ -119,5 +141,5 @@ func (mem *memoryCache) CandidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return destructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates(res, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest)
+	return prioritize.DestructivelyPrioritizeReplacementCandidates(res, primaryDigest, uncompressedDigest)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none/none.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-package blobinfocache
+// Package none implements a dummy BlobInfoCache which records no data.
+package none
 
 import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
@@ -11,9 +12,10 @@ type noCache struct {
 
 // NoCache implements BlobInfoCache by not recording any data.
 //
-// This exists primarily for implementations of configGetter for Manifest.Inspect,
-// because configs only have one representation.
-// Any use of BlobInfoCache with blobs should usually use at least a short-lived cache.
+// This exists primarily for implementations of configGetter for
+// Manifest.Inspect, because configs only have one representation.
+// Any use of BlobInfoCache with blobs should usually use at least a
+// short-lived cache, ideally blobinfocache.DefaultCache.
 var NoCache types.BlobInfoCache = noCache{}
 
 // UncompressedDigest returns an uncompressed digest corresponding to anyDigest.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/docker/config/config.go

@@ -85,21 +85,6 @@ func GetAuthentication(sys *types.SystemContext, registry string) (string, strin
 	return "", "", nil
 }
 
-// GetUserLoggedIn returns the username logged in to registry from either
-// auth.json or XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
-// Used to tell the user if someone is logged in to the registry when logging in
-func GetUserLoggedIn(sys *types.SystemContext, registry string) (string, error) {
-	path, err := getPathToAuth(sys)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	username, _, _ := findAuthentication(registry, path, false)
-	if username != "" {
-		return username, nil
-	}
-	return "", nil
-}
-
 // RemoveAuthentication deletes the credentials stored in auth.json
 func RemoveAuthentication(sys *types.SystemContext, registry string) error {
 	return modifyJSON(sys, func(auths *dockerConfigFile) (bool, error) {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/pkg/sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go

@@ -5,11 +5,16 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 )
 
 // systemRegistriesConfPath is the path to the system-wide registry
@@ -22,51 +27,129 @@ var systemRegistriesConfPath = builtinRegistriesConfPath
 // DO NOT change this, instead see systemRegistriesConfPath above.
 const builtinRegistriesConfPath = "/etc/containers/registries.conf"
 
-// Mirror represents a mirror. Mirrors can be used as pull-through caches for
-// registries.
-type Mirror struct {
-	// The mirror's URL.
-	URL string `toml:"url"`
+// Endpoint describes a remote location of a registry.
+type Endpoint struct {
+	// The endpoint's remote location.
+	Location string `toml:"location"`
 	// If true, certs verification will be skipped and HTTP (non-TLS)
 	// connections will be allowed.
 	Insecure bool `toml:"insecure"`
 }
 
+// rewriteReference will substitute the provided reference `prefix` to the
+// endpoints `location` from the `ref` and creates a new named reference from it.
+// The function errors if the newly created reference is not parsable.
+func (e *Endpoint) rewriteReference(ref reference.Named, prefix string) (reference.Named, error) {
+	refString := ref.String()
+	if !refMatchesPrefix(refString, prefix) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid prefix '%v' for reference '%v'", prefix, refString)
+	}
+
+	newNamedRef := strings.Replace(refString, prefix, e.Location, 1)
+	newParsedRef, err := reference.ParseNamed(newNamedRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error rewriting reference")
+	}
+	logrus.Debugf("reference rewritten from '%v' to '%v'", refString, newParsedRef.String())
+	return newParsedRef, nil
+}
+
 // Registry represents a registry.
 type Registry struct {
-	// Serializable registry URL.
-	URL string `toml:"url"`
+	// A registry is an Endpoint too
+	Endpoint
 	// The registry's mirrors.
-	Mirrors []Mirror `toml:"mirror"`
+	Mirrors []Endpoint `toml:"mirror"`
 	// If true, pulling from the registry will be blocked.
 	Blocked bool `toml:"blocked"`
-	// If true, certs verification will be skipped and HTTP (non-TLS)
-	// connections will be allowed.
-	Insecure bool `toml:"insecure"`
-	// If true, the registry can be used when pulling an unqualified image.
-	Search bool `toml:"unqualified-search"`
+	// If true, mirrors will only be used for digest pulls. Pulling images by
+	// tag can potentially yield different images, depending on which endpoint
+	// we pull from.  Forcing digest-pulls for mirrors avoids that issue.
+	MirrorByDigestOnly bool `toml:"mirror-by-digest-only"`
 	// Prefix is used for matching images, and to translate one namespace to
-	// another.  If `Prefix="example.com/bar"`, `URL="example.com/foo/bar"`
+	// another.  If `Prefix="example.com/bar"`, `location="example.com/foo/bar"`
 	// and we pull from "example.com/bar/myimage:latest", the image will
 	// effectively be pulled from "example.com/foo/bar/myimage:latest".
-	// If no Prefix is specified, it defaults to the specified URL.
+	// If no Prefix is specified, it defaults to the specified location.
 	Prefix string `toml:"prefix"`
 }
 
-// backwards compatability to sysregistries v1
-type v1TOMLregistries struct {
+// PullSource consists of an Endpoint and a Reference. Note that the reference is
+// rewritten according to the registries prefix and the Endpoint's location.
+type PullSource struct {
+	Endpoint  Endpoint
+	Reference reference.Named
+}
+
+// PullSourcesFromReference returns a slice of PullSource's based on the passed
+// reference.
+func (r *Registry) PullSourcesFromReference(ref reference.Named) ([]PullSource, error) {
+	var endpoints []Endpoint
+
+	if r.MirrorByDigestOnly {
+		// Only use mirrors when the reference is a digest one.
+		if _, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical); isDigested {
+			endpoints = append(r.Mirrors, r.Endpoint)
+		} else {
+			endpoints = []Endpoint{r.Endpoint}
+		}
+	} else {
+		endpoints = append(r.Mirrors, r.Endpoint)
+	}
+
+	sources := []PullSource{}
+	for _, ep := range endpoints {
+		rewritten, err := ep.rewriteReference(ref, r.Prefix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sources = append(sources, PullSource{Endpoint: ep, Reference: rewritten})
+	}
+
+	return sources, nil
+}
+
+// V1TOMLregistries is for backwards compatibility to sysregistries v1
+type V1TOMLregistries struct {
 	Registries []string `toml:"registries"`
 }
 
+// V1TOMLConfig is for backwards compatibility to sysregistries v1
+type V1TOMLConfig struct {
+	Search   V1TOMLregistries `toml:"search"`
+	Insecure V1TOMLregistries `toml:"insecure"`
+	Block    V1TOMLregistries `toml:"block"`
+}
+
+// V1RegistriesConf is the sysregistries v1 configuration format.
+type V1RegistriesConf struct {
+	V1TOMLConfig `toml:"registries"`
+}
+
+// Nonempty returns true if config contains at least one configuration entry.
+func (config *V1RegistriesConf) Nonempty() bool {
+	return (len(config.V1TOMLConfig.Search.Registries) != 0 ||
+		len(config.V1TOMLConfig.Insecure.Registries) != 0 ||
+		len(config.V1TOMLConfig.Block.Registries) != 0)
+}
+
+// V2RegistriesConf is the sysregistries v2 configuration format.
+type V2RegistriesConf struct {
+	Registries []Registry `toml:"registry"`
+	// An array of host[:port] (not prefix!) entries to use for resolving unqualified image references
+	UnqualifiedSearchRegistries []string `toml:"unqualified-search-registries"`
+}
+
+// Nonempty returns true if config contains at least one configuration entry.
+func (config *V2RegistriesConf) Nonempty() bool {
+	return (len(config.Registries) != 0 ||
+		len(config.UnqualifiedSearchRegistries) != 0)
+}
+
 // tomlConfig is the data type used to unmarshal the toml config.
 type tomlConfig struct {
-	Registries []Registry `toml:"registry"`
-	// backwards compatability to sysregistries v1
-	V1Registries struct {
-		Search   v1TOMLregistries `toml:"search"`
-		Insecure v1TOMLregistries `toml:"insecure"`
-		Block    v1TOMLregistries `toml:"block"`
-	} `toml:"registries"`
+	V2RegistriesConf
+	V1RegistriesConf // for backwards compatibility with sysregistries v1
 }
 
 // InvalidRegistries represents an invalid registry configurations.  An example
@@ -81,69 +164,58 @@ func (e *InvalidRegistries) Error() string {
 	return e.s
 }
 
-// parseURL parses the input string, performs some sanity checks and returns
+// parseLocation parses the input string, performs some sanity checks and returns
 // the sanitized input string.  An error is returned if the input string is
 // empty or if contains an "http{s,}://" prefix.
-func parseURL(input string) (string, error) {
+func parseLocation(input string) (string, error) {
 	trimmed := strings.TrimRight(input, "/")
 
 	if trimmed == "" {
-		return "", &InvalidRegistries{s: "invalid URL: cannot be empty"}
+		return "", &InvalidRegistries{s: "invalid location: cannot be empty"}
 	}
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "https://") {
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf("invalid URL '%s': URI schemes are not supported", input)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("invalid location '%s': URI schemes are not supported", input)
 		return "", &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
 	}
 
 	return trimmed, nil
 }
 
-// getV1Registries transforms v1 registries in the config into an array of v2
-// registries of type Registry.
-func getV1Registries(config *tomlConfig) ([]Registry, error) {
+// ConvertToV2 returns a v2 config corresponding to a v1 one.
+func (config *V1RegistriesConf) ConvertToV2() (*V2RegistriesConf, error) {
 	regMap := make(map[string]*Registry)
-	// We must preserve the order of config.V1Registries.Search.Registries at least.  The order of the
-	// other registries is not really important, but make it deterministic (the same for the same config file)
+	// The order of the registries is not really important, but make it deterministic (the same for the same config file)
 	// to minimize behavior inconsistency and not contribute to difficult-to-reproduce situations.
 	registryOrder := []string{}
 
-	getRegistry := func(url string) (*Registry, error) { // Note: _pointer_ to a long-lived object
+	getRegistry := func(location string) (*Registry, error) { // Note: _pointer_ to a long-lived object
 		var err error
-		url, err = parseURL(url)
+		location, err = parseLocation(location)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		reg, exists := regMap[url]
+		reg, exists := regMap[location]
 		if !exists {
 			reg = &Registry{
-				URL:     url,
-				Mirrors: []Mirror{},
-				Prefix:  url,
+				Endpoint: Endpoint{Location: location},
+				Mirrors:  []Endpoint{},
+				Prefix:   location,
 			}
-			regMap[url] = reg
-			registryOrder = append(registryOrder, url)
+			regMap[location] = reg
+			registryOrder = append(registryOrder, location)
 		}
 		return reg, nil
 	}
 
-	// Note: config.V1Registries.Search needs to be processed first to ensure registryOrder is populated in the right order
-	// if one of the search registries is also in one of the other lists.
-	for _, search := range config.V1Registries.Search.Registries {
-		reg, err := getRegistry(search)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		reg.Search = true
-	}
-	for _, blocked := range config.V1Registries.Block.Registries {
+	for _, blocked := range config.V1TOMLConfig.Block.Registries {
 		reg, err := getRegistry(blocked)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		reg.Blocked = true
 	}
-	for _, insecure := range config.V1Registries.Insecure.Registries {
+	for _, insecure := range config.V1TOMLConfig.Insecure.Registries {
 		reg, err := getRegistry(insecure)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -151,48 +223,50 @@ func getV1Registries(config *tomlConfig) ([]Registry, error) {
 		reg.Insecure = true
 	}
 
-	registries := []Registry{}
-	for _, url := range registryOrder {
-		reg := regMap[url]
-		registries = append(registries, *reg)
+	res := &V2RegistriesConf{
+		UnqualifiedSearchRegistries: config.V1TOMLConfig.Search.Registries,
 	}
-	return registries, nil
+	for _, location := range registryOrder {
+		reg := regMap[location]
+		res.Registries = append(res.Registries, *reg)
+	}
+	return res, nil
 }
 
-// postProcessRegistries checks the consistency of all registries (e.g., set
-// the Prefix to URL if not set) and applies conflict checks.  It returns an
-// array of cleaned registries and error in case of conflicts.
-func postProcessRegistries(regs []Registry) ([]Registry, error) {
-	var registries []Registry
-	regMap := make(map[string][]Registry)
+// anchoredDomainRegexp is an internal implementation detail of postProcess, defining the valid values of elements of UnqualifiedSearchRegistries.
+var anchoredDomainRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^" + reference.DomainRegexp.String() + "$")
 
-	for _, reg := range regs {
+// postProcess checks the consistency of all the configuration, looks for conflicts,
+// and normalizes the configuration (e.g., sets the Prefix to Location if not set).
+func (config *V2RegistriesConf) postProcess() error {
+	regMap := make(map[string][]*Registry)
+
+	for i := range config.Registries {
+		reg := &config.Registries[i]
+		// make sure Location and Prefix are valid
 		var err error
-
-		// make sure URL and Prefix are valid
-		reg.URL, err = parseURL(reg.URL)
+		reg.Location, err = parseLocation(reg.Location)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return err
 		}
 
 		if reg.Prefix == "" {
-			reg.Prefix = reg.URL
+			reg.Prefix = reg.Location
 		} else {
-			reg.Prefix, err = parseURL(reg.Prefix)
+			reg.Prefix, err = parseLocation(reg.Prefix)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return err
 			}
 		}
 
 		// make sure mirrors are valid
 		for _, mir := range reg.Mirrors {
-			mir.URL, err = parseURL(mir.URL)
+			mir.Location, err = parseLocation(mir.Location)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return err
 			}
 		}
-		registries = append(registries, reg)
-		regMap[reg.URL] = append(regMap[reg.URL], reg)
+		regMap[reg.Location] = append(regMap[reg.Location], reg)
 	}
 
 	// Given a registry can be mentioned multiple times (e.g., to have
@@ -201,22 +275,32 @@ func postProcessRegistries(regs []Registry) ([]Registry, error) {
 	//
 	// Note: we need to iterate over the registries array to ensure a
 	// deterministic behavior which is not guaranteed by maps.
-	for _, reg := range registries {
-		others, _ := regMap[reg.URL]
+	for _, reg := range config.Registries {
+		others, _ := regMap[reg.Location]
 		for _, other := range others {
 			if reg.Insecure != other.Insecure {
-				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'insecure' setting", reg.URL)
-
-				return nil, &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
+				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'insecure' setting", reg.Location)
+				return &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
 			}
 			if reg.Blocked != other.Blocked {
-				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'blocked' setting", reg.URL)
-				return nil, &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
+				msg := fmt.Sprintf("registry '%s' is defined multiple times with conflicting 'blocked' setting", reg.Location)
+				return &InvalidRegistries{s: msg}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return registries, nil
+	for i := range config.UnqualifiedSearchRegistries {
+		registry, err := parseLocation(config.UnqualifiedSearchRegistries[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !anchoredDomainRegexp.MatchString(registry) {
+			return &InvalidRegistries{fmt.Sprintf("Invalid unqualified-search-registries entry %#v", registry)}
+		}
+		config.UnqualifiedSearchRegistries[i] = registry
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // getConfigPath returns the system-registries config path if specified.
@@ -239,7 +323,7 @@ var configMutex = sync.Mutex{}
 // configCache caches already loaded configs with config paths as keys and is
 // used to avoid redudantly parsing configs. Concurrent accesses to the cache
 // are synchronized via configMutex.
-var configCache = make(map[string][]Registry)
+var configCache = make(map[string]*V2RegistriesConf)
 
 // InvalidateCache invalidates the registry cache.  This function is meant to be
 // used for long-running processes that need to reload potential changes made to
@@ -247,20 +331,18 @@ var configCache = make(map[string][]Registry)
 func InvalidateCache() {
 	configMutex.Lock()
 	defer configMutex.Unlock()
-	configCache = make(map[string][]Registry)
+	configCache = make(map[string]*V2RegistriesConf)
 }
 
-// GetRegistries loads and returns the registries specified in the config.
-// Note the parsed content of registry config files is cached.  For reloading,
-// use `InvalidateCache` and re-call `GetRegistries`.
-func GetRegistries(ctx *types.SystemContext) ([]Registry, error) {
+// getConfig returns the config object corresponding to ctx, loading it if it is not yet cached.
+func getConfig(ctx *types.SystemContext) (*V2RegistriesConf, error) {
 	configPath := getConfigPath(ctx)
 
 	configMutex.Lock()
 	defer configMutex.Unlock()
 	// if the config has already been loaded, return the cached registries
-	if registries, inCache := configCache[configPath]; inCache {
-		return registries, nil
+	if config, inCache := configCache[configPath]; inCache {
+		return config, nil
 	}
 
 	// load the config
@@ -271,51 +353,53 @@ func GetRegistries(ctx *types.SystemContext) ([]Registry, error) {
 		// isn't set.  Note: if ctx.SystemRegistriesConfPath points to
 		// the default config, we will still return an error.
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) && (ctx == nil || ctx.SystemRegistriesConfPath == "") {
-			return []Registry{}, nil
+			return &V2RegistriesConf{Registries: []Registry{}}, nil
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	registries := config.Registries
+	v2Config := &config.V2RegistriesConf
 
 	// backwards compatibility for v1 configs
-	v1Registries, err := getV1Registries(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if len(v1Registries) > 0 {
-		if len(registries) > 0 {
+	if config.V1RegistriesConf.Nonempty() {
+		if config.V2RegistriesConf.Nonempty() {
 			return nil, &InvalidRegistries{s: "mixing sysregistry v1/v2 is not supported"}
 		}
-		registries = v1Registries
+		v2, err := config.V1RegistriesConf.ConvertToV2()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		v2Config = v2
 	}
 
-	registries, err = postProcessRegistries(registries)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := v2Config.postProcess(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// populate the cache
-	configCache[configPath] = registries
-
-	return registries, err
+	configCache[configPath] = v2Config
+	return v2Config, nil
 }
 
-// FindUnqualifiedSearchRegistries returns all registries that are configured
-// for unqualified image search (i.e., with Registry.Search == true).
-func FindUnqualifiedSearchRegistries(ctx *types.SystemContext) ([]Registry, error) {
-	registries, err := GetRegistries(ctx)
+// GetRegistries loads and returns the registries specified in the config.
+// Note the parsed content of registry config files is cached.  For reloading,
+// use `InvalidateCache` and re-call `GetRegistries`.
+func GetRegistries(ctx *types.SystemContext) ([]Registry, error) {
+	config, err := getConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	return config.Registries, nil
+}
 
-	unqualified := []Registry{}
-	for _, reg := range registries {
-		if reg.Search {
-			unqualified = append(unqualified, reg)
-		}
+// UnqualifiedSearchRegistries returns a list of host[:port] entries to try
+// for unqualified image search, in the returned order)
+func UnqualifiedSearchRegistries(ctx *types.SystemContext) ([]string, error) {
+	config, err := getConfig(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return unqualified, nil
+	return config.UnqualifiedSearchRegistries, nil
 }
 
 // refMatchesPrefix returns true iff ref,
@@ -350,14 +434,14 @@ func refMatchesPrefix(ref, prefix string) bool {
 // — note that this requires the name to start with an explicit hostname!).
 // If no Registry prefixes the image, nil is returned.
 func FindRegistry(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref string) (*Registry, error) {
-	registries, err := GetRegistries(ctx)
+	config, err := getConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	reg := Registry{}
 	prefixLen := 0
-	for _, r := range registries {
+	for _, r := range config.Registries {
 		if refMatchesPrefix(ref, r.Prefix) {
 			length := len(r.Prefix)
 			if length > prefixLen {
@@ -372,21 +456,12 @@ func FindRegistry(ctx *types.SystemContext, ref string) (*Registry, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-// Reads the global registry file from the filesystem. Returns a byte array.
-func readRegistryConf(configPath string) ([]byte, error) {
-	configBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(configPath)
-	return configBytes, err
-}
-
-// Used in unittests to parse custom configs without a types.SystemContext.
-var readConf = readRegistryConf
-
 // Loads the registry configuration file from the filesystem and then unmarshals
 // it.  Returns the unmarshalled object.
 func loadRegistryConf(configPath string) (*tomlConfig, error) {
 	config := &tomlConfig{}
 
-	configBytes, err := readConf(configPath)
+	configBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/registries.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# For more information on this configuration file, see containers-registries.conf(5).
+#
+# There are multiple versions of the configuration syntax available, where the
+# second iteration is backwards compatible to the first one. Mixing up both
+# formats will result in an runtime error.
+#
+# The initial configuration format looks like this:
+#
+# Registries to search for images that are not fully-qualified.
+# i.e. foobar.com/my_image:latest vs my_image:latest
+[registries.search]
+registries = []
+
+# Registries that do not use TLS when pulling images or uses self-signed
+# certificates.
+[registries.insecure]
+registries = []
+
+# Blocked Registries, blocks the `docker daemon` from pulling from the blocked registry.  If you specify
+# "*", then the docker daemon will only be allowed to pull from registries listed above in the search
+# registries.  Blocked Registries is deprecated because other container runtimes and tools will not use it.
+# It is recommended that you use the trust policy file /etc/containers/policy.json to control which
+# registries you want to allow users to pull and push from.  policy.json gives greater flexibility, and
+# supports all container runtimes and tools including the docker daemon, cri-o, buildah ...
+# The atomic CLI `atomic trust` can be used to easily configure the policy.json file.
+[registries.block]
+registries = []
+
+# The second version of the configuration format allows to specify registry
+# mirrors:
+#
+# # An array of host[:port] registries to try when pulling an unqualified image, in order.
+# unqualified-search-registries = ["example.com"]
+#
+# [[registry]]
+# # The "prefix" field is used to choose the relevant [[registry]] TOML table;
+# # (only) the TOML table with the longest match for the input image name
+# # (taking into account namespace/repo/tag/digest separators) is used.
+# #
+# # If the prefix field is missing, it defaults to be the same as the "location" field.
+# prefix = "example.com/foo"
+#
+# # If true, unencrypted HTTP as well as TLS connections with untrusted
+# # certificates are allowed.
+# insecure = false
+#
+# # If true, pulling images with matching names is forbidden.
+# blocked = false
+#
+# # The physical location of the "prefix"-rooted namespace.
+# #
+# # By default, this equal to "prefix" (in which case "prefix" can be omitted
+# # and the [[registry]] TOML table can only specify "location").
+# #
+# # Example: Given
+# #   prefix = "example.com/foo"
+# #   location = "internal-registry-for-example.net/bar"
+# # requests for the image example.com/foo/myimage:latest will actually work with the
+# # internal-registry-for-example.net/bar/myimage:latest image.
+# location = internal-registry-for-example.com/bar"
+#
+# # (Possibly-partial) mirrors for the "prefix"-rooted namespace.
+# #
+# # The mirrors are attempted in the specified order; the first one that can be
+# # contacted and contains the image will be used (and if none of the mirrors contains the image,
+# # the primary location specified by the "registry.location" field, or using the unmodified
+# # user-specified reference, is tried last).
+# #
+# # Each TOML table in the "mirror" array can contain the following fields, with the same semantics
+# # as if specified in the [[registry]] TOML table directly:
+# # - location
+# # - insecure
+# [[registry.mirror]]
+# location = "example-mirror-0.local/mirror-for-foo"
+# [[registry.mirror]]
+# location = "example-mirror-1.local/mirrors/foo"
+# insecure = true
+# # Given the above, a pull of example.com/foo/image:latest will try:
+# # 1. example-mirror-0.local/mirror-for-foo/image:latest
+# # 2. example-mirror-1.local/mirrors/foo/image:latest
+# # 3. internal-registry-for-example.net/bar/myimage:latest
+# # in order, and use the first one that exists.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/signature/policy_config.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import (
 // -ldflags '-X github.com/containers/image/signature.systemDefaultPolicyPath=$your_path'
 var systemDefaultPolicyPath = builtinDefaultPolicyPath
 
-// builtinDefaultPolicyPath is the policy pat used for DefaultPolicy().
+// builtinDefaultPolicyPath is the policy path used for DefaultPolicy().
 // DO NOT change this, instead see systemDefaultPolicyPath above.
 const builtinDefaultPolicyPath = "/etc/containers/policy.json"
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_image.go

@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/internal/tmpdir"
 	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
-	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache/none"
 	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/containers/storage"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/archive"
@@ -70,6 +71,13 @@ type storageImageCloser struct {
 	size int64
 }
 
+// manifestBigDataKey returns a key suitable for recording a manifest with the specified digest using storage.Store.ImageBigData and related functions.
+// If a specific manifest digest is explicitly requested by the user, the key retruned function should be used preferably;
+// for compatibility, if a manifest is not available under this key, check also storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey
+func manifestBigDataKey(digest digest.Digest) string {
+	return storage.ImageDigestManifestBigDataNamePrefix + "-" + digest.String()
+}
+
 // newImageSource sets up an image for reading.
 func newImageSource(imageRef storageReference) (*storageImageSource, error) {
 	// First, locate the image.
@@ -177,12 +185,29 @@ func (s *storageImageSource) GetManifest(ctx context.Context, instanceDigest *di
 		return nil, "", ErrNoManifestLists
 	}
 	if len(s.cachedManifest) == 0 {
-		// We stored the manifest as an item named after storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey.
-		cachedBlob, err := s.imageRef.transport.store.ImageBigData(s.image.ID, storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
+		// The manifest is stored as a big data item.
+		// Prefer the manifest corresponding to the user-specified digest, if available.
+		if s.imageRef.named != nil {
+			if digested, ok := s.imageRef.named.(reference.Digested); ok {
+				key := manifestBigDataKey(digested.Digest())
+				blob, err := s.imageRef.transport.store.ImageBigData(s.image.ID, key)
+				if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) { // os.IsNotExist is true if the image exists but there is no data corresponding to key
+					return nil, "", err
+				}
+				if err == nil {
+					s.cachedManifest = blob
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// If the user did not specify a digest, or this is an old image stored before manifestBigDataKey was introduced, use the default manifest.
+		// Note that the manifest may not match the expected digest, and that is likely to fail eventually, e.g. in c/image/image/UnparsedImage.Manifest().
+		if len(s.cachedManifest) == 0 {
+			cachedBlob, err := s.imageRef.transport.store.ImageBigData(s.image.ID, storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, "", err
+			}
+			s.cachedManifest = cachedBlob
 		}
-		s.cachedManifest = cachedBlob
 	}
 	return s.cachedManifest, manifest.GuessMIMEType(s.cachedManifest), err
 }
@@ -331,7 +356,7 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) computeNextBlobCacheFile() string {
 }
 
 // HasThreadSafePutBlob indicates whether PutBlob can be executed concurrently.
-func (d *storageImageDestination) HasThreadSafePutBlob() bool {
+func (s *storageImageDestination) HasThreadSafePutBlob() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
@@ -570,12 +595,12 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if !haveDiffID {
 			// Check if it's elsewhere and the caller just forgot to pass it to us in a PutBlob(),
 			// or to even check if we had it.
-			// Use blobinfocache.NoCache to avoid a repeated DiffID lookup in the BlobInfoCache; a caller
+			// Use none.NoCache to avoid a repeated DiffID lookup in the BlobInfoCache; a caller
 			// that relies on using a blob digest that has never been seeen by the store had better call
 			// TryReusingBlob; not calling PutBlob already violates the documented API, so there’s only
 			// so far we are going to accommodate that (if we should be doing that at all).
 			logrus.Debugf("looking for diffID for blob %+v", blob.Digest)
-			has, _, err := s.TryReusingBlob(ctx, blob.BlobInfo, blobinfocache.NoCache, false)
+			has, _, err := s.TryReusingBlob(ctx, blob.BlobInfo, none.NoCache, false)
 			if err != nil {
 				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking for a layer based on blob %q", blob.Digest.String())
 			}
@@ -660,6 +685,7 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}
 		lastLayer = layer.ID
 	}
+
 	// If one of those blobs was a configuration blob, then we can try to dig out the date when the image
 	// was originally created, in case we're just copying it.  If not, no harm done.
 	options := &storage.ImageOptions{}
@@ -667,9 +693,6 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logrus.Debugf("setting image creation date to %s", inspect.Created)
 		options.CreationDate = *inspect.Created
 	}
-	if manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest(s.manifest); err == nil {
-		options.Digest = manifestDigest
-	}
 	// Create the image record, pointing to the most-recently added layer.
 	intendedID := s.imageRef.id
 	if intendedID == "" {
@@ -709,7 +732,7 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error copying non-layer blob %q to image", blob)
 		}
-		if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, blob.String(), v); err != nil {
+		if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, blob.String(), v, manifest.Digest); err != nil {
 			if _, err2 := s.imageRef.transport.store.DeleteImage(img.ID, true); err2 != nil {
 				logrus.Debugf("error deleting incomplete image %q: %v", img.ID, err2)
 			}
@@ -735,9 +758,21 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}
 		logrus.Debugf("set names of image %q to %v", img.ID, names)
 	}
-	// Save the manifest.  Use storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey as the item's
-	// name, so that its digest can be used to locate the image in the Store.
-	if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey, s.manifest); err != nil {
+	// Save the manifest.  Allow looking it up by digest by using the key convention defined by the Store.
+	// Record the manifest twice: using a digest-specific key to allow references to that specific digest instance,
+	// and using storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey for future users that don’t specify any digest and for compatibility with older readers.
+	manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest(s.manifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error computing manifest digest")
+	}
+	if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, manifestBigDataKey(manifestDigest), s.manifest, manifest.Digest); err != nil {
+		if _, err2 := s.imageRef.transport.store.DeleteImage(img.ID, true); err2 != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("error deleting incomplete image %q: %v", img.ID, err2)
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("error saving manifest for image %q: %v", img.ID, err)
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey, s.manifest, manifest.Digest); err != nil {
 		if _, err2 := s.imageRef.transport.store.DeleteImage(img.ID, true); err2 != nil {
 			logrus.Debugf("error deleting incomplete image %q: %v", img.ID, err2)
 		}
@@ -746,7 +781,7 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) Commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	// Save the signatures, if we have any.
 	if len(s.signatures) > 0 {
-		if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, "signatures", s.signatures); err != nil {
+		if err := s.imageRef.transport.store.SetImageBigData(img.ID, "signatures", s.signatures, manifest.Digest); err != nil {
 			if _, err2 := s.imageRef.transport.store.DeleteImage(img.ID, true); err2 != nil {
 				logrus.Debugf("error deleting incomplete image %q: %v", img.ID, err2)
 			}
@@ -788,9 +823,21 @@ func (s *storageImageDestination) SupportedManifestMIMETypes() []string {
 }
 
 // PutManifest writes the manifest to the destination.
-func (s *storageImageDestination) PutManifest(ctx context.Context, manifest []byte) error {
-	s.manifest = make([]byte, len(manifest))
-	copy(s.manifest, manifest)
+func (s *storageImageDestination) PutManifest(ctx context.Context, manifestBlob []byte) error {
+	if s.imageRef.named != nil {
+		if digested, ok := s.imageRef.named.(reference.Digested); ok {
+			matches, err := manifest.MatchesDigest(manifestBlob, digested.Digest())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if !matches {
+				return fmt.Errorf("Manifest does not match expected digest %s", digested.Digest())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	s.manifest = make([]byte, len(manifestBlob))
+	copy(s.manifest, manifestBlob)
 	return nil
 }
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_reference.go

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func imageMatchesRepo(image *storage.Image, ref reference.Named) bool {
 // one present with the same name or ID, and return the image.
 func (s *storageReference) resolveImage() (*storage.Image, error) {
 	var loadedImage *storage.Image
-	if s.id == "" {
+	if s.id == "" && s.named != nil {
 		// Look for an image that has the expanded reference name as an explicit Name value.
 		image, err := s.transport.store.Image(s.named.String())
 		if image != nil && err == nil {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (s *storageReference) resolveImage() (*storage.Image, error) {
 			// though possibly with a different tag or digest, as a Name value, so
 			// that the canonical reference can be implicitly resolved to the image.
 			images, err := s.transport.store.ImagesByDigest(digested.Digest())
-			if images != nil && err == nil {
+			if err == nil && len(images) > 0 {
 				for _, image := range images {
 					if imageMatchesRepo(image, s.named) {
 						loadedImage = image
@@ -97,6 +97,24 @@ func (s *storageReference) resolveImage() (*storage.Image, error) {
 			return nil, ErrNoSuchImage
 		}
 	}
+	// Default to having the image digest that we hand back match the most recently
+	// added manifest...
+	if digest, ok := loadedImage.BigDataDigests[storage.ImageDigestBigDataKey]; ok {
+		loadedImage.Digest = digest
+	}
+	// ... unless the named reference says otherwise, and it matches one of the digests
+	// in the image.  For those cases, set the Digest field to that value, for the
+	// sake of older consumers that don't know there's a whole list in there now.
+	if s.named != nil {
+		if digested, ok := s.named.(reference.Digested); ok {
+			for _, digest := range loadedImage.Digests {
+				if digest == digested.Digest() {
+					loadedImage.Digest = digest
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return loadedImage, nil
 }
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/storage/storage_transport.go

@@ -180,7 +180,10 @@ func (s *storageTransport) GetStore() (storage.Store, error) {
 	// Return the transport's previously-set store.  If we don't have one
 	// of those, initialize one now.
 	if s.store == nil {
-		options := storage.DefaultStoreOptions
+		options, err := storage.DefaultStoreOptionsAutoDetectUID()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		options.UIDMap = s.defaultUIDMap
 		options.GIDMap = s.defaultGIDMap
 		store, err := storage.GetStore(options)
@@ -284,11 +287,6 @@ func (s storageTransport) GetStoreImage(store storage.Store, ref types.ImageRefe
 		}
 	}
 	if sref, ok := ref.(*storageReference); ok {
-		if sref.id != "" {
-			if img, err := store.Image(sref.id); err == nil {
-				return img, nil
-			}
-		}
 		tmpRef := *sref
 		if img, err := tmpRef.resolveImage(); err == nil {
 			return img, nil

vendor/github.com/containers/image/tarball/tarball_src.go

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (is *tarballImageSource) Close() error {
 }
 
 // HasThreadSafeGetBlob indicates whether GetBlob can be executed concurrently.
-func (s *tarballImageSource) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
+func (is *tarballImageSource) HasThreadSafeGetBlob() bool {
 	return false
 }
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports/alltransports.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 // ParseImageName converts a URL-like image name to a types.ImageReference.
 func ParseImageName(imgName string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	// Keep this in sync with TransportFromImageName!
 	parts := strings.SplitN(imgName, ":", 2)
 	if len(parts) != 2 {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf(`Invalid image name "%s", expected colon-separated transport:reference`, imgName)
@@ -32,3 +33,14 @@ func ParseImageName(imgName string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	}
 	return transport.ParseReference(parts[1])
 }
+
+// TransportFromImageName converts an URL-like name to a types.ImageTransport or nil when
+// the transport is unknown or when the input is invalid.
+func TransportFromImageName(imageName string) types.ImageTransport {
+	// Keep this in sync with ParseImageName!
+	parts := strings.SplitN(imageName, ":", 2)
+	if len(parts) == 2 {
+		return transports.Get(parts[0])
+	}
+	return nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/types/types.go

@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ type ImageInspectInfo struct {
 }
 
 // DockerAuthConfig contains authorization information for connecting to a registry.
+// the value of Username and Password can be empty for accessing the registry anonymously
 type DockerAuthConfig struct {
 	Username string
 	Password string

vendor/github.com/containers/image/vendor.conf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 github.com/containers/image
 
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
-github.com/containers/storage master
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.2
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew 346938d642f2ec3594ed81d874461961cd0faa76
 github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers d68f9aeca33f5fd3f08eeae5e9d175edf4e731d1
 github.com/docker/distribution 5f6282db7d65e6d72ad7c2cc66310724a57be716
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ github.com/containerd/continuity d8fb8589b0e8e85b8c8bbaa8840226d0dfeb7371
 github.com/ghodss/yaml 04f313413ffd65ce25f2541bfd2b2ceec5c0908c
 github.com/gorilla/mux 94e7d24fd285520f3d12ae998f7fdd6b5393d453
 github.com/imdario/mergo 50d4dbd4eb0e84778abe37cefef140271d96fade
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth 14207d285c6c197daabb5c9793d63e7af9ab2d50
 github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs c0224de804d438efd11ea6e52ada8014537d6062
 github.com/mtrmac/gpgme b2432428689ca58c2b8e8dea9449d3295cf96fc9
 github.com/opencontainers/go-digest c9281466c8b2f606084ac71339773efd177436e7
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ golang.org/x/crypto 453249f01cfeb54c3d549ddb75ff152ca243f9d8
 golang.org/x/net 6b27048ae5e6ad1ef927e72e437531493de612fe
 golang.org/x/sync 42b317875d0fa942474b76e1b46a6060d720ae6e
 golang.org/x/sys 43e60d72a8e2bd92ee98319ba9a384a0e9837c08
-gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1 v1.0.27
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 a3f3340b5840cee44f372bddb5880fcbc419b46a
 k8s.io/client-go bcde30fb7eaed76fd98a36b4120321b94995ffb6
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema master
@@ -44,7 +42,10 @@ github.com/syndtr/gocapability master
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio ab35fc04b6365e8fcb18e6e9e41ea4a02b10b175
 github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim eca7177590cdcbd25bbc5df27e3b693a54b53a6a
 github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4
-github.com/boltdb/bolt master
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2
 github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1

vendor/github.com/containers/image/version/version.go

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ import "fmt"
 
 const (
 	// VersionMajor is for an API incompatible changes
-	VersionMajor = 0
+	VersionMajor = 2
 	// VersionMinor is for functionality in a backwards-compatible manner
-	VersionMinor = 1
+	VersionMinor = 0
 	// VersionPatch is for backwards-compatible bug fixes
 	VersionPatch = 0
 
 	// VersionDev indicates development branch. Releases will be empty string.
-	VersionDev = "-dev"
+	VersionDev = ""
 )
 
 // Version is the specification version that the package types support.

vendor/github.com/containers/storage/containers.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ type Container struct {
 type ContainerStore interface {
 	FileBasedStore
 	MetadataStore
-	BigDataStore
+	ContainerBigDataStore
 	FlaggableStore
 
 	// Create creates a container that has a specified ID (or generates a
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ func (r *containerStore) BigDataSize(id, key string) (int64, error) {
 		return size, nil
 	}
 	if data, err := r.BigData(id, key); err == nil && data != nil {
-		if r.SetBigData(id, key, data) == nil {
+		if err = r.SetBigData(id, key, data); err == nil {
 			c, ok := r.lookup(id)
 			if !ok {
 				return -1, ErrContainerUnknown
@@ -464,6 +464,8 @@ func (r *containerStore) BigDataSize(id, key string) (int64, error) {
 			if size, ok := c.BigDataSizes[key]; ok {
 				return size, nil
 			}
+		} else {
+			return -1, err
 		}
 	}
 	return -1, ErrSizeUnknown
@@ -484,7 +486,7 @@ func (r *containerStore) BigDataDigest(id, key string) (digest.Digest, error) {
 		return d, nil
 	}
 	if data, err := r.BigData(id, key); err == nil && data != nil {
-		if r.SetBigData(id, key, data) == nil {
+		if err = r.SetBigData(id, key, data); err == nil {
 			c, ok := r.lookup(id)
 			if !ok {
 				return "", ErrContainerUnknown
@@ -492,6 +494,8 @@ func (r *containerStore) BigDataDigest(id, key string) (digest.Digest, error) {
 			if d, ok := c.BigDataDigests[key]; ok {
 				return d, nil
 			}
+		} else {
+			return "", err
 		}
 	}
 	return "", ErrDigestUnknown
@@ -568,6 +572,13 @@ func (r *containerStore) Lock() {
 	r.lockfile.Lock()
 }
 
+func (r *containerStore) RecursiveLock() {
+	r.lockfile.RecursiveLock()
+}
+
+func (r *containerStore) RLock() {
+	r.lockfile.RLock()
+}
 func (r *containerStore) Unlock() {
 	r.lockfile.Unlock()
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/aufs/aufs.go

@@ -253,6 +253,14 @@ func (a *Driver) AdditionalImageStores() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// CreateFromTemplate creates a layer with the same contents and parent as another layer.
+func (a *Driver) CreateFromTemplate(id, template string, templateIDMappings *idtools.IDMappings, parent string, parentIDMappings *idtools.IDMappings, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts, readWrite bool) error {
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = &graphdriver.CreateOpts{}
+	}
+	return graphdriver.NaiveCreateFromTemplate(a, id, template, templateIDMappings, parent, parentIDMappings, opts, readWrite)
+}
+
 // CreateReadWrite creates a layer that is writable for use as a container
 // file system.
 func (a *Driver) CreateReadWrite(id, parent string, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts) error {

vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/btrfs/btrfs.go

@@ -490,6 +490,11 @@ func (d *Driver) quotasDirID(id string) string {
 	return path.Join(d.quotasDir(), id)
 }
 
+// CreateFromTemplate creates a layer with the same contents and parent as another layer.
+func (d *Driver) CreateFromTemplate(id, template string, templateIDMappings *idtools.IDMappings, parent string, parentIDMappings *idtools.IDMappings, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts, readWrite bool) error {
+	return d.Create(id, template, opts)
+}
+
 // CreateReadWrite creates a layer that is writable for use as a container
 // file system.
 func (d *Driver) CreateReadWrite(id, parent string, opts *graphdriver.CreateOpts) error {

vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/chown.go

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ func chownByMapsMain() {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error walking to %q: %v", path, err)
 		}
+		if path == "." {
+			return nil
+		}
 		return platformLChown(path, info, toHost, toContainer)
 	}
 	if err := filepath.Walk(".", chown); err != nil {

vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_linux.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// +build linux
+// +build cgo
 
 package copy
 
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/idtools"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/pools"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/system"
 	rsystem "github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/system"
@@ -152,8 +153,8 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 
 		isHardlink := false
 
-		switch f.Mode() & os.ModeType {
-		case 0: // Regular file
+		switch mode := f.Mode(); {
+		case mode.IsRegular():
 			id := fileID{dev: stat.Dev, ino: stat.Ino}
 			if copyMode == Hardlink {
 				isHardlink = true
@@ -171,12 +172,12 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 				copiedFiles[id] = dstPath
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeDir:
+		case mode.IsDir():
 			if err := os.Mkdir(dstPath, f.Mode()); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
 				return err
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeSymlink:
+		case mode&os.ModeSymlink != 0:
 			link, err := os.Readlink(srcPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -186,14 +187,15 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 				return err
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeNamedPipe:
+		case mode&os.ModeNamedPipe != 0:
 			fallthrough
-		case os.ModeSocket:
+
+		case mode&os.ModeSocket != 0:
 			if err := unix.Mkfifo(dstPath, stat.Mode); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-		case os.ModeDevice:
+		case mode&os.ModeDevice != 0:
 			if rsystem.RunningInUserNS() {
 				// cannot create a device if running in user namespace
 				return nil
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 			}
 
 		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown file type for %s", srcPath)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown file type with mode %v for %s", mode, srcPath)
 		}
 
 		// Everything below is copying metadata from src to dst. All this metadata
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, copyMode Mode, copyXattrs bool) error {
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		if err := os.Lchown(dstPath, int(stat.Uid), int(stat.Gid)); err != nil {
+		if err := idtools.SafeLchown(dstPath, int(stat.Uid), int(stat.Gid)); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 

vendor/github.com/containers/storage/drivers/copy/copy_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// +build !linux !cgo
+
+package copy
+
+import "github.com/containers/storage/pkg/chrootarchive"
+
+// Mode indicates whether to use hardlink or copy content
+type Mode int
+
+const (
+	// Content creates a new file, and copies the content of the file
+	Content Mode = iota
+)
+
+// DirCopy copies or hardlinks the contents of one directory to another,
+// properly handling soft links
+func DirCopy(srcDir, dstDir string, _ Mode, _ bool) error {
+	return chrootarchive.NewArchiver(nil).CopyWithTar(srcDir, dstDir)
+}