Bump to v1.2.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel J Walsh <dwalsh@redhat.com>

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 *.1
 /layers-*
 /skopeo
+result
 
 # ignore JetBrains IDEs (GoLand) config folder
-.idea
+.idea

.travis.yml

@@ -15,13 +15,12 @@ notifications:
   email: false
 
 install:
-  # NOTE: The (brew update) should not be necessary, and slows things down;
-  # we include it as a workaround for https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/3299
-  # ideally Travis should bake the (brew update) into its images
-  # (https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/8552 ), but that’s only going
-  # to happen around November 2017 per https://blog.travis-ci.com/2017-10-16-a-new-default-os-x-image-is-coming .
-  # Remove the (brew update) at that time.
-  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update && brew install gpgme ; fi
+  # Ideally, the (brew update) should not be necessary and Travis would have fairly
+  # frequenstly updated OS images; that’s not been the case historically.
+  # In particular, explicitly unlink python@2, which has been removed from Homebrew
+  # since the last OS image build (as of July 2020), but the Travis OS still
+  # contains it, and it prevents updating of Python 3.
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update && brew unlink python@2 && brew install gpgme ; fi
 
 script:
   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]];   then hack/travis_osx.sh ; fi

CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## The skopeo Project Community Code of Conduct
+
+The skopeo project follows the [Containers Community Code of Conduct](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/master/CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md).

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `
 - create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
 - update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
 - run `make vendor`
-- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
+- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now required by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
 - optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
 - submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
 - iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed

Dockerfile

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ RUN dnf -y update && dnf install -y make git golang golang-github-cpuguy83-md2ma
 	# gpgme bindings deps
 	libassuan-devel gpgme-devel \
 	gnupg \
+	# htpasswd for system tests
+	httpd-tools \
 	# OpenShift deps
 	which tar wget hostname util-linux bsdtar socat ethtool device-mapper iptables tree findutils nmap-ncat e2fsprogs xfsprogs lsof docker iproute \
-        bats jq podman \
+        bats jq podman runc \
 	golint \
 	&& dnf clean all
 

Dockerfile.build

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-FROM ubuntu:18.10
+FROM golang:1.14-buster
 
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
-    golang \
-    libbtrfs-dev \
-    git-core \
-    libdevmapper-dev \
-    libgpgme11-dev \
-    go-md2man \
-    libglib2.0-dev
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y \
+        libdevmapper-dev \
+        libgpgme11-dev
 
 ENV GOPATH=/
 WORKDIR /src/github.com/containers/skopeo

Makefile

@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ BASHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/bash-completion/completions
 
 GO ?= go
 GOBIN := $(shell $(GO) env GOBIN)
+GOOS ?= $(shell go env GOOS)
+GOARCH ?= $(shell go env GOARCH)
+
 ifeq ($(GOBIN),)
 GOBIN := $(GOPATH)/bin
 endif
@@ -43,8 +46,10 @@ ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
   override GOGCFLAGS += -N -l
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(shell $(GO) env GOOS), linux)
-  GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
+ifeq ($(GOOS), linux)
+  ifneq ($(GOARCH),$(filter $(GOARCH),mips mipsle mips64 mips64le ppc64 riscv64))
+    GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
+  endif
 endif
 
 GIT_BRANCH := $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
@@ -62,6 +67,9 @@ CONTAINER_RUN := $(CONTAINER_CMD) "$(IMAGE)"
 
 GIT_COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
 
+EXTRA_LDFLAGS ?=
+LDFLAGS := -ldflags '-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT} $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)'
+
 MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
 MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
 
@@ -85,7 +93,8 @@ help:
 	@echo
 	@echo " * 'install' - Install binaries and documents to system locations"
 	@echo " * 'binary' - Build skopeo with a container"
-	@echo " * 'binary-local' - Build skopeo locally"
+	@echo " * 'static' - Build statically linked binary"
+	@echo " * 'bin/skopeo' - Build skopeo locally"
 	@echo " * 'test-unit' - Execute unit tests"
 	@echo " * 'test-integration' - Execute integration tests"
 	@echo " * 'validate' - Verify whether there is no conflict and all Go source files have been formatted, linted and vetted"
@@ -98,19 +107,25 @@ help:
 binary: cmd/skopeo
 	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
 	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
-		skopeobuildimage make binary-local $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+		skopeobuildimage make bin/skopeo $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
-binary-static: cmd/skopeo
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
-		skopeobuildimage make binary-local-static $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+# Update nix/nixpkgs.json its latest stable commit
+.PHONY: nixpkgs
+nixpkgs:
+	@nix run -f channel:nixos-20.03 nix-prefetch-git -c nix-prefetch-git \
+		--no-deepClone https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs > nix/nixpkgs.json
+
+# Build statically linked binary
+.PHONY: static
+static:
+	@nix build -f nix/
+	mkdir -p ./bin
+	cp -rfp ./result/bin/* ./bin/
 
 # Build w/o using containers
-binary-local:
-	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) ${GO_DYN_FLAGS} -ldflags "-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
-
-binary-local-static:
-	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) -ldflags "-extldflags \"-static\" -X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
+.PHONY: bin/skopeo
+bin/skopeo:
+	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) ${GO_DYN_FLAGS} ${LDFLAGS} -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o $@ ./cmd/skopeo
 
 build-container:
 	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -t "$(IMAGE)" .
@@ -126,7 +141,7 @@ docs-in-container:
 		skopeobuildimage make docs $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 clean:
-	rm -f skopeo docs/*.1
+	rm -rf bin docs/*.1
 
 install: install-binary install-docs install-completions
 	install -d -m 755 ${SIGSTOREDIR}
@@ -135,9 +150,9 @@ install: install-binary install-docs install-completions
 	install -d -m 755 ${REGISTRIESDDIR}
 	install -m 644 default.yaml ${REGISTRIESDDIR}/default.yaml
 
-install-binary: ./skopeo
+install-binary: bin/skopeo
 	install -d -m 755 ${INSTALLDIR}
-	install -m 755 skopeo ${INSTALLDIR}/skopeo
+	install -m 755 bin/skopeo ${INSTALLDIR}/skopeo
 
 install-docs: docs
 	install -d -m 755 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1
@@ -184,10 +199,9 @@ test-unit-local:
 	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) test $(MOD_VENDOR) -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list $(MOD_VENDOR) -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/containers/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
 
 vendor:
-	export GO111MODULE=on \
-		$(GO) mod tidy && \
-		$(GO) mod vendor && \
-		$(GO) mod verify
+	$(GO) mod tidy
+	$(GO) mod vendor
+	$(GO) mod verify
 
 vendor-in-container:
 	podman run --privileged --rm --env HOME=/root -v `pwd`:/src -w /src docker.io/library/golang:1.13 make vendor

README.md

@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ skopeo [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/containers/skopeo.svg?branch=maste
 
 `skopeo` is a command line utility that performs various operations on container images and image repositories.
 
+`skopeo` does not require the user to be running as root to do most of its operations.
+
+`skopeo` does not require a daemon to be running to perform its operations.
+
 `skopeo` can work with [OCI images](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec) as well as the original Docker v2 images.
 
-Skopeo works with API V2 registries such as Docker registries, the Atomic registry, private registries, local directories and local OCI-layout directories.  Skopeo does not require a daemon to be running to perform these operations which consist of:
+Skopeo works with API V2 container image registries such as [docker.io](https://docker.io) and [quay.io](https://quay.io) registries, private registries, local directories and local OCI-layout directories. Skopeo can perform operations which consist of:
 
  * Copying an image from and to various storage mechanisms.
    For example you can copy images from one registry to another, without requiring privilege.
@@ -20,16 +24,16 @@ Skopeo works with API V2 registries such as Docker registries, the Atomic regist
  Skopeo operates on the following image and repository types:
 
  * containers-storage:docker-reference
-         An image located in a local containers/storage image store.  Location and image store specified in /etc/containers/storage.conf
+         An image located in a local containers/storage image store.  Both the location and image store are specified in /etc/containers/storage.conf. (This is  the backend for [Podman](https://podman.io), [CRI-O](https://cri-o.io), [Buildah](https://buildah.io) and friends)
 
  * dir:path
          An existing local directory path storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
 
  * docker://docker-reference
-         An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in $HOME/.docker/config.json, which is set e.g. using (docker login).
+         An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `skopeo login`.
 
  * docker-archive:path[:docker-reference]
-         An image is stored in the `docker save` formated file.  docker-reference is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
+         An image is stored in a `docker save`-formatted file.  docker-reference is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
 
  * docker-daemon:docker-reference
          An image docker-reference stored in the docker daemon internal storage.  docker-reference must contain either a tag or a digest.  Alternatively, when reading images, the format can also be docker-daemon:algo:digest (an image ID).
@@ -37,210 +41,150 @@ Skopeo works with API V2 registries such as Docker registries, the Atomic regist
  * oci:path:tag
          An image tag in a directory compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at path.
 
-Inspecting a repository
--
-`skopeo` is able to _inspect_ a repository on a Docker registry and fetch images layers.
+## Inspecting a repository
+`skopeo` is able to _inspect_ a repository on a container registry and fetch images layers.
 The _inspect_ command fetches the repository's manifest and it is able to show you a `docker inspect`-like
 json output about a whole repository or a tag. This tool, in contrast to `docker inspect`, helps you gather useful information about
 a repository or a tag before pulling it (using disk space).  The inspect command can show you which tags are available for the given 
 repository, the labels the image has, the creation date and operating system of the image and more.  
 
-
 Examples:
-```sh
-# show properties of fedora:latest
-$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
+
+#### Show properties of fedora:latest
+```console
+$ skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
 {
-    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
-    "Tag": "latest",
-    "Digest": "sha256:cfd8f071bf8da7a466748f522406f7ae5908d002af1b1a1c0dcf893e183e5b32",
+    "Name": "registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora",
+    "Digest": "sha256:655721ff613ee766a4126cb5e0d5ae81598e1b0c3bcf7017c36c4d72cb092fe9",
     "RepoTags": [
-        "20",
-        "21",
-        "22",
-        "23",
-        "heisenbug",
-        "latest",
-        "rawhide"
+        "24",
+        "25",
+        "26-modular",
+	...
     ],
-    "Created": "2016-03-04T18:40:02.92155334Z",
-    "DockerVersion": "1.9.1",
-    "Labels": {},
+    "Created": "2020-04-29T06:48:16Z",
+    "DockerVersion": "1.10.1",
+    "Labels": {
+        "license": "MIT",
+        "name": "fedora",
+        "vendor": "Fedora Project",
+        "version": "32"
+    },
     "Architecture": "amd64",
     "Os": "linux",
     "Layers": [
-        "sha256:236608c7b546e2f4e7223526c74fc71470ba06d46ec82aeb402e704bfdee02a2",
-        "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
+        "sha256:3088721d7dbf674fc0be64cd3cf00c25aab921cacf35fa0e7b1578500a3e1653"
+    ],
+    "Env": [
+        "DISTTAG=f32container",
+        "FGC=f32",
+        "container=oci"
     ]
 }
-
-# show unverifed image's digest
-$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora:rawhide | jq '.Digest'
-"sha256:905b4846938c8aef94f52f3e41a11398ae5b40f5855fb0e40ed9c157e721d7f8"
 ```
 
-Copying images
--
-`skopeo` can copy container images between various storage mechanisms, including:
-* Docker distribution based registries
+#### Show container configuration from `fedora:latest`
 
-  -  The Docker Hub, OpenShift, GCR, Artifactory, Quay ...
+```console
+$ skopeo inspect --config docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest  | jq
+{
+  "created": "2020-04-29T06:48:16Z",
+  "architecture": "amd64",
+  "os": "linux",
+  "config": {
+    "Env": [
+      "DISTTAG=f32container",
+      "FGC=f32",
+      "container=oci"
+    ],
+    "Cmd": [
+      "/bin/bash"
+    ],
+    "Labels": {
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "name": "fedora",
+      "vendor": "Fedora Project",
+      "version": "32"
+    }
+  },
+  "rootfs": {
+    "type": "layers",
+    "diff_ids": [
+      "sha256:a4c0fa2b217d3fd63d51e55a6fd59432e543d499c0df2b1acd48fbe424f2ddd1"
+    ]
+  },
+  "history": [
+    {
+      "created": "2020-04-29T06:48:16Z",
+      "comment": "Created by Image Factory"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+#### Show unverifed image's digest
+```console
+$ skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest | jq '.Digest'
+"sha256:655721ff613ee766a4126cb5e0d5ae81598e1b0c3bcf7017c36c4d72cb092fe9"
+```
+
+## Copying images
+
+`skopeo` can copy container images between various storage mechanisms, including:
+* Container registries
+
+  -  The Quay, Docker Hub, OpenShift, GCR, Artifactory ...
 
 * Container Storage backends
 
-  -  Docker daemon storage
+  -  github.com/containers/storage (Backend for [Podman](https://podman.io), [CRI-O](https://cri-o.io), [Buildah](https://buildah.io) and friends)
 
-  -  github.com/containers/storage (Backend for CRI-O, Buildah and friends)
+  -  Docker daemon storage
 
 * Local directories
 
 * Local OCI-layout directories
 
-```sh
-$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:1-glibc atomic:myns/unsigned:streaming
-$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:existingemptydirectory
-$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest oci:busybox_ocilayout:latest
+```console
+$ skopeo copy docker://quay.io/buildah/stable docker://registry.internal.company.com/buildah
+$ skopeo copy oci:busybox_ocilayout:latest dir:existingemptydirectory
 ```
 
-Deleting images
--
-For example,
-```sh
+## Deleting images
+```console
 $ skopeo delete docker://localhost:5000/imagename:latest
 ```
 
-Private registries with authentication
--
-When interacting with private registries, `skopeo` first looks for `--creds` (for `skopeo inspect|delete`) or `--src-creds|--dest-creds` (for `skopeo copy`) flags. If those aren't provided, it looks for the Docker's cli config file (usually located at `$HOME/.docker/config.json`) to get the credentials needed to authenticate. The ultimate fallback, as Docker does, is to provide an empty authentication when interacting with those registries.
+## Authenticating to a registry
 
-Examples:
-```sh
-$ cat /home/runcom/.docker/config.json
-{
-	"auths": {
-		"myregistrydomain.com:5000": {
-			"auth": "dGVzdHVzZXI6dGVzdHBhc3N3b3Jk",
-			"email": "stuf@ex.cm"
-		}
-	}
-}
+#### Private registries with authentication
+skopeo uses credentials from the --creds (for skopeo inspect|delete) or --src-creds|--dest-creds (for skopeo copy) flags, if set; otherwise it uses configuration set by skopeo login, podman login, buildah login, or docker login.
 
-# we can see I'm already authenticated via docker login so everything will be fine
+```console
+$ skopeo login --user USER docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000
+Password:
 $ skopeo inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
 {"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}
+$ skopeo logout docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000
+```
 
-# let's try now to fake a non existent Docker's config file
-$ cat /home/runcom/.docker/config.json
-{}
+#### Using --creds directly
 
-$ skopeo inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
-FATA[0000] unauthorized: authentication required
-
-# passing --creds - we can see that everything goes fine
+```console
 $ skopeo inspect --creds=testuser:testpassword docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
 {"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}
+```
 
-# skopeo copy example:
+```console
 $ skopeo copy --src-creds=testuser:testpassword docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/private oci:local_oci_image
 ```
-If your cli config is found but it doesn't contain the necessary credentials for the queried registry
-you'll get an error. You can fix this by either logging in (via `docker login`) or providing `--creds` or `--src-creds|--dest-creds`.
 
-
-Obtaining skopeo
+[Obtaining skopeo](./install.md)
 -
-`skopeo` may already be packaged in your distribution, for example on Fedora 23 and later you can install it using
-```sh
-$ sudo dnf install skopeo
-```
-for openSUSE:
-```sh
-$ sudo zypper install skopeo
-```
-on alpine: 
-```sh
-$ sudo apk add skopeo
-```
 
+For a detailed description how to install or build skopeo, see
+[install.md](./install.md).
 
-Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
-
-To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.9.
-
-There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a container.  Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.
-
-### Building without a container
-Building without a container requires a bit more manual work and setup in your environment, but it is more flexible:
-- It should work in more environments (e.g. for native macOS builds)
-- It does not require root privileges (after dependencies are installed)
-- It is faster, therefore more convenient for developing `skopeo`.
-
-Install the necessary dependencies:
-```sh
-# Fedora:
-sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel
-
-# Ubuntu (`libbtrfs-dev` requires Ubuntu 18.10 and above):
-sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev
-
-# macOS:
-brew install gpgme
-
-# openSUSE
-sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
-```
-
-Make sure to clone this repository in your `GOPATH` - otherwise compilation fails.
-
-```sh
-$ git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
-$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make binary-local
-```
-
-### Building in a container
-Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:
-- It requires the `docker` command and the ability to run Linux containers
-- The created executable is a Linux executable, and depends on dynamic libraries which may only be available only in a container of a similar Linux distribution.
-
-```sh
-$ make binary # Or (make all) to also build documentation, see below.
-```
-
-To build a pure-Go static binary (disables devicemapper, btrfs, and gpgme):
-
-```sh
-$ make binary-static DISABLE_CGO=1
-```
-
-### Building documentation
-To build the manual you will need go-md2man.
-```sh
-Debian$ sudo apt-get install go-md2man
-Fedora$ sudo dnf install go-md2man
-```
-Then
-```sh
-$ make docs
-```
-
-### Installation
-Finally, after the binary and documentation is built:
-```sh
-$ sudo make install
-```
-
-TODO
--
-- list all images on registry?
-- registry v2 search?
-- show repo tags via flag or when reference isn't tagged or digested
-- support rkt/appc image spec
-
-NOT TODO
--
-- provide a _format_ flag - just use the awesome [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/)
-
-CONTRIBUTING
+Contributing
 -
 
 Please read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) if you want to collaborate in the project.

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Security and Disclosure Information Policy for the skopeo Project
+
+The skopeo Project follows the [Security and Disclosure Information Policy](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for the Containers Projects.

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -6,99 +6,74 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/copy"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	encconfig "github.com/containers/ocicrypt/config"
 	enchelpers "github.com/containers/ocicrypt/helpers"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 type copyOptions struct {
 	global            *globalOptions
 	srcImage          *imageOptions
 	destImage         *imageDestOptions
-	additionalTags    cli.StringSlice // For docker-archive: destinations, in addition to the name:tag specified as destination, also add these
-	removeSignatures  bool            // Do not copy signatures from the source image
-	signByFingerprint string          // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
-	format            optionalString  // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
-	quiet             bool            // Suppress output information when copying images
-	all               bool            // Copy all of the images if the source is a list
-	encryptionKeys    cli.StringSlice // Keys needed to encrypt the image
-	decryptionKeys    cli.StringSlice // Keys needed to decrypt the image
+	retryOpts         *retry.RetryOptions
+	additionalTags    []string       // For docker-archive: destinations, in addition to the name:tag specified as destination, also add these
+	removeSignatures  bool           // Do not copy signatures from the source image
+	signByFingerprint string         // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
+	format            optionalString // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
+	quiet             bool           // Suppress output information when copying images
+	all               bool           // Copy all of the images if the source is a list
+	encryptLayer      []int          // The list of layers to encrypt
+	encryptionKeys    []string       // Keys needed to encrypt the image
+	decryptionKeys    []string       // Keys needed to decrypt the image
 }
 
-func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	srcFlags, srcOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "src-", "screds")
 	destFlags, destOpts := imageDestFlags(global, sharedOpts, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := copyOptions{global: global,
 		srcImage:  srcOpts,
 		destImage: destOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "copy [command options] SOURCE-IMAGE DESTINATION-IMAGE",
+		Short: "Copy an IMAGE-NAME from one location to another",
+		Long: fmt.Sprintf(`Container "IMAGE-NAME" uses a "transport":"details" format.
 
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:  "copy",
-		Usage: "Copy an IMAGE-NAME from one location to another",
-		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+Supported transports:
+%s
 
-	Container "IMAGE-NAME" uses a "transport":"details" format.
-
-	Supported transports:
-	%s
-
-	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
-	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-		ArgsUsage: "SOURCE-IMAGE DESTINATION-IMAGE",
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		// FIXME: Do we need to namespace the GPG aspect?
-		Flags: append(append(append([]cli.Flag{
-			cli.StringSliceFlag{
-				Name:  "additional-tag",
-				Usage: "additional tags (supports docker-archive)",
-				Value: &opts.additionalTags, // Surprisingly StringSliceFlag does not support Destination:, but modifies Value: in place.
-			},
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "quiet, q",
-				Usage:       "Suppress output information when copying images",
-				Destination: &opts.quiet,
-			},
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "all, a",
-				Usage:       "Copy all images if SOURCE-IMAGE is a list",
-				Destination: &opts.all,
-			},
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "remove-signatures",
-				Usage:       "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE",
-				Destination: &opts.removeSignatures,
-			},
-			cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:        "sign-by",
-				Usage:       "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`",
-				Destination: &opts.signByFingerprint,
-			},
-			cli.GenericFlag{
-				Name:  "format, f",
-				Usage: "`MANIFEST TYPE` (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)",
-				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.format),
-			},
-			cli.StringSliceFlag{
-				Name:  "encryption-key",
-				Usage: "*Experimental* key with the encryption protocol to use needed to encrypt the image (e.g. jwe:/path/to/key.pem)",
-				Value: &opts.encryptionKeys,
-			},
-			cli.StringSliceFlag{
-				Name:  "decryption-key",
-				Usage: "*Experimental* key needed to decrypt the image",
-				Value: &opts.decryptionKeys,
-			},
-		}, sharedFlags...), srcFlags...), destFlags...),
+See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
+`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest`,
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&srcFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&destFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.additionalTags, "additional-tag", []string{}, "additional tags (supports docker-archive)")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Suppress output information when copying images")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.all, "all", "a", false, "Copy all images if SOURCE-IMAGE is a list")
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.removeSignatures, "remove-signatures", false, "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signByFingerprint, "sign-by", "", "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`")
+	flags.VarP(newOptionalStringValue(&opts.format), "format", "f", `MANIFEST TYPE (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)`)
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.encryptionKeys, "encryption-key", []string{}, "*Experimental* key with the encryption protocol to use needed to encrypt the image (e.g. jwe:/path/to/key.pem)")
+	flags.IntSliceVar(&opts.encryptLayer, "encrypt-layer", []int{}, "*Experimental* the 0-indexed layer indices, with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer)")
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.decryptionKeys, "decryption-key", []string{}, "*Experimental* key needed to decrypt the image")
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
@@ -172,7 +147,7 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		imageListSelection = copy.CopyAllImages
 	}
 
-	if len(opts.encryptionKeys.Value()) > 0 && len(opts.decryptionKeys.Value()) > 0 {
+	if len(opts.encryptionKeys) > 0 && len(opts.decryptionKeys) > 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("--encryption-key and --decryption-key cannot be specified together")
 	}
 
@@ -180,10 +155,15 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	var encConfig *encconfig.EncryptConfig
 	var decConfig *encconfig.DecryptConfig
 
-	if len(opts.encryptionKeys.Value()) > 0 {
+	if len(opts.encryptLayer) > 0 && len(opts.encryptionKeys) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("--encrypt-layer can only be used with --encryption-key")
+	}
+
+	if len(opts.encryptionKeys) > 0 {
 		// encryption
-		encLayers = &[]int{}
-		encryptionKeys := opts.encryptionKeys.Value()
+		p := opts.encryptLayer
+		encLayers = &p
+		encryptionKeys := opts.encryptionKeys
 		ecc, err := enchelpers.CreateCryptoConfig(encryptionKeys, []string{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid encryption keys: %v", err)
@@ -192,9 +172,9 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		encConfig = cc.EncryptConfig
 	}
 
-	if len(opts.decryptionKeys.Value()) > 0 {
+	if len(opts.decryptionKeys) > 0 {
 		// decryption
-		decryptionKeys := opts.decryptionKeys.Value()
+		decryptionKeys := opts.decryptionKeys
 		dcc, err := enchelpers.CreateCryptoConfig([]string{}, decryptionKeys)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid decryption keys: %v", err)
@@ -203,17 +183,19 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		decConfig = cc.DecryptConfig
 	}
 
-	_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
-		RemoveSignatures:      opts.removeSignatures,
-		SignBy:                opts.signByFingerprint,
-		ReportWriter:          stdout,
-		SourceCtx:             sourceCtx,
-		DestinationCtx:        destinationCtx,
-		ForceManifestMIMEType: manifestType,
-		ImageListSelection:    imageListSelection,
-		OciDecryptConfig:      decConfig,
-		OciEncryptLayers:      encLayers,
-		OciEncryptConfig:      encConfig,
-	})
-	return err
+	return retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
+			RemoveSignatures:      opts.removeSignatures,
+			SignBy:                opts.signByFingerprint,
+			ReportWriter:          stdout,
+			SourceCtx:             sourceCtx,
+			DestinationCtx:        destinationCtx,
+			ForceManifestMIMEType: manifestType,
+			ImageListSelection:    imageListSelection,
+			OciDecryptConfig:      decConfig,
+			OciEncryptLayers:      encLayers,
+			OciEncryptConfig:      encConfig,
+		})
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts)
 }

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -6,38 +6,44 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type deleteOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.RetryOptions
 }
 
-func deleteCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+func deleteCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := deleteOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:  "delete",
-		Usage: "Delete image IMAGE-NAME",
-		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
-	Delete an "IMAGE_NAME" from a transport
-
-	Supported transports:
-	%s
-
-	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
-	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		Flags:     append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...),
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "delete [command options] IMAGE-NAME",
+		Short: "Delete image IMAGE-NAME",
+		Long: fmt.Sprintf(`Delete an "IMAGE_NAME" from a transport
+Supported transports:
+%s
+See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
+`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo delete docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest`,
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *deleteOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
@@ -62,5 +68,8 @@ func (opts *deleteOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
-	return ref.DeleteImage(ctx, sys)
+
+	return retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		return ref.DeleteImage(ctx, sys)
+	}, opts.retryOpts)
 }

cmd/skopeo/flag.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"strconv"
 
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )
 
 // optionalBool is a boolean with a separate presence flag.
@@ -15,10 +15,18 @@ type optionalBool struct {
 // optionalBool is a cli.Generic == flag.Value implementation equivalent to
 // the one underlying flag.Bool, except that it records whether the flag has been set.
 // This is distinct from optionalBool to (pretend to) force callers to use
-// newOptionalBool
+// optionalBoolFlag
 type optionalBoolValue optionalBool
 
-func newOptionalBoolValue(p *optionalBool) cli.Generic {
+func optionalBoolFlag(fs *pflag.FlagSet, p *optionalBool, name, usage string) *pflag.Flag {
+	flag := fs.VarPF(internalNewOptionalBoolValue(p), name, "", usage)
+	flag.NoOptDefVal = "true"
+	return flag
+}
+
+// WARNING: Do not directly use this method to define optionalBool flag.
+// Caller should use optionalBoolFlag
+func internalNewOptionalBoolValue(p *optionalBool) pflag.Value {
 	p.present = false
 	return (*optionalBoolValue)(p)
 }
@@ -40,6 +48,10 @@ func (ob *optionalBoolValue) String() string {
 	return strconv.FormatBool(ob.value)
 }
 
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) Type() string {
+	return "bool"
+}
+
 func (ob *optionalBoolValue) IsBoolFlag() bool {
 	return true
 }
@@ -56,7 +68,7 @@ type optionalString struct {
 // newoptionalString
 type optionalStringValue optionalString
 
-func newOptionalStringValue(p *optionalString) cli.Generic {
+func newOptionalStringValue(p *optionalString) pflag.Value {
 	p.present = false
 	return (*optionalStringValue)(p)
 }
@@ -74,6 +86,10 @@ func (ob *optionalStringValue) String() string {
 	return ob.value
 }
 
+func (ob *optionalStringValue) Type() string {
+	return "string"
+}
+
 // optionalInt is a int with a separate presence flag.
 type optionalInt struct {
 	present bool
@@ -86,7 +102,7 @@ type optionalInt struct {
 // newoptionalIntValue
 type optionalIntValue optionalInt
 
-func newOptionalIntValue(p *optionalInt) cli.Generic {
+func newOptionalIntValue(p *optionalInt) pflag.Value {
 	p.present = false
 	return (*optionalIntValue)(p)
 }
@@ -107,3 +123,7 @@ func (ob *optionalIntValue) String() string {
 	}
 	return strconv.Itoa(int(ob.value))
 }
+
+func (ob *optionalIntValue) Type() string {
+	return "int"
+}

cmd/skopeo/flag_test.go

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package main
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 func TestOptionalBoolSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestOptionalBoolSet(t *testing.T) {
 		{"2", false, false},
 	} {
 		var ob optionalBool
-		v := newOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
+		v := internalNewOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
 		require.False(t, ob.present)
 		err := v.Set(c.input)
 		if c.accepted {
@@ -51,30 +51,23 @@ func TestOptionalBoolSet(t *testing.T) {
 	// is not called in any possible situation).
 	var globalOB, commandOB optionalBool
 	actionRun := false
-	app := cli.NewApp()
-	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
-	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		cli.GenericFlag{
-			Name:  "global-OB",
-			Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&globalOB),
-		},
+	app := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "app",
 	}
-	app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
-		Name: "cmd",
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			cli.GenericFlag{
-				Name:  "command-OB",
-				Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&commandOB),
-			},
-		},
-		Action: func(*cli.Context) error {
+	optionalBoolFlag(app.PersistentFlags(), &globalOB, "global-OB", "")
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "cmd",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			assert.False(t, globalOB.present)
 			assert.False(t, commandOB.present)
 			actionRun = true
 			return nil
 		},
-	}}
-	err := app.Run([]string{"app", "cmd"})
+	}
+	optionalBoolFlag(cmd.Flags(), &commandOB, "command-OB", "")
+	app.AddCommand(cmd)
+	app.SetArgs([]string{"cmd"})
+	err := app.Execute()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, actionRun)
 }
@@ -90,7 +83,7 @@ func TestOptionalBoolString(t *testing.T) {
 		{optionalBool{present: false, value: false}, ""},
 	} {
 		var ob optionalBool
-		v := newOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
+		v := internalNewOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
 		ob = c.input
 		res := v.String()
 		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
@@ -114,23 +107,21 @@ func TestOptionalBoolIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		var ob optionalBool
 		actionRun := false
-		app := cli.NewApp()
-		app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
-			Name: "cmd",
-			Flags: []cli.Flag{
-				cli.GenericFlag{
-					Name:  "OB",
-					Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&ob),
-				},
-			},
-			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		app := &cobra.Command{Use: "app"}
+		cmd := &cobra.Command{
+			Use: "cmd",
+			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOB, ob)
-				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, ([]string)(ctx.Args()))
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, args)
 				actionRun = true
 				return nil
 			},
-		}}
-		err := app.Run(append([]string{"app", "cmd"}, c.input...))
+		}
+		optionalBoolFlag(cmd.Flags(), &ob, "OB", "")
+		app.AddCommand(cmd)
+
+		app.SetArgs(append([]string{"cmd"}, c.input...))
+		err := app.Execute()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, actionRun)
 	}
@@ -152,30 +143,23 @@ func TestOptionalStringSet(t *testing.T) {
 	// is not called in any possible situation).
 	var globalOS, commandOS optionalString
 	actionRun := false
-	app := cli.NewApp()
-	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
-	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		cli.GenericFlag{
-			Name:  "global-OS",
-			Value: newOptionalStringValue(&globalOS),
-		},
+	app := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "app",
 	}
-	app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
-		Name: "cmd",
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			cli.GenericFlag{
-				Name:  "command-OS",
-				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&commandOS),
-			},
-		},
-		Action: func(*cli.Context) error {
+	app.PersistentFlags().Var(newOptionalStringValue(&globalOS), "global-OS", "")
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "cmd",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			assert.False(t, globalOS.present)
 			assert.False(t, commandOS.present)
 			actionRun = true
 			return nil
 		},
-	}}
-	err := app.Run([]string{"app", "cmd"})
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().Var(newOptionalStringValue(&commandOS), "command-OS", "")
+	app.AddCommand(cmd)
+	app.SetArgs([]string{"cmd"})
+	err := app.Execute()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, actionRun)
 }
@@ -216,23 +200,22 @@ func TestOptionalStringIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		var os optionalString
 		actionRun := false
-		app := cli.NewApp()
-		app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
-			Name: "cmd",
-			Flags: []cli.Flag{
-				cli.GenericFlag{
-					Name:  "OS",
-					Value: newOptionalStringValue(&os),
-				},
-			},
-			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		app := &cobra.Command{
+			Use: "app",
+		}
+		cmd := &cobra.Command{
+			Use: "cmd",
+			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOS, os)
-				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, ([]string)(ctx.Args()))
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, args)
 				actionRun = true
 				return nil
 			},
-		}}
-		err := app.Run(append([]string{"app", "cmd"}, c.input...))
+		}
+		cmd.Flags().Var(newOptionalStringValue(&os), "OS", "")
+		app.AddCommand(cmd)
+		app.SetArgs(append([]string{"cmd"}, c.input...))
+		err := app.Execute()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, actionRun)
 	}

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -5,76 +5,65 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
-	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/containers/skopeo/cmd/skopeo/inspect"
+	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-// inspectOutput is the output format of (skopeo inspect), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
-type inspectOutput struct {
-	Name          string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Tag           string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Digest        digest.Digest
-	RepoTags      []string
-	Created       *time.Time
-	DockerVersion string
-	Labels        map[string]string
-	Architecture  string
-	Os            string
-	Layers        []string
-	Env           []string
-}
-
 type inspectOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
-	raw    bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
-	config bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.RetryOptions
+	raw       bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
+	config    bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
 }
 
-func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := inspectOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:  "inspect",
-		Usage: "Inspect image IMAGE-NAME",
-		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
-	Return low-level information about "IMAGE-NAME" in a registry/transport
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "inspect [command options] IMAGE-NAME",
+		Short: "Inspect image IMAGE-NAME",
+		Long: fmt.Sprintf(`Return low-level information about "IMAGE-NAME" in a registry/transport
+Supported transports:
+%s
 
-	Supported transports:
-	%s
-
-	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
-	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
-		Flags: append(append([]cli.Flag{
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "raw",
-				Usage:       "output raw manifest or configuration",
-				Destination: &opts.raw,
-			},
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "config",
-				Usage:       "output configuration",
-				Destination: &opts.config,
-			},
-		}, sharedFlags...), imageFlags...),
-		Action: commandAction(opts.run),
+See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
+`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora`,
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.raw, "raw", false, "output raw manifest or configuration")
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.config, "config", false, "output configuration")
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	var (
+		rawManifest []byte
+		src         types.ImageSource
+		imgInspect  *types.ImageInspectInfo
+	)
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -92,9 +81,11 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		return err
 	}
 
-	src, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing image name %q: %v", imageName, err)
+	if err := retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		src, err = parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error parsing image name %q", imageName)
 	}
 
 	defer func() {
@@ -103,9 +94,11 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	rawManifest, _, err := src.GetManifest(ctx, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error retrieving manifest for image: %v", err)
+	if err := retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		rawManifest, _, err = src.GetManifest(ctx, nil)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error retrieving manifest for image")
 	}
 
 	if opts.raw && !opts.config {
@@ -122,9 +115,12 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 	}
 
 	if opts.config && opts.raw {
-		configBlob, err := img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading configuration blob: %v", err)
+		var configBlob []byte
+		if err := retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+			configBlob, err = img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+			return err
+		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading configuration blob")
 		}
 		_, err = stdout.Write(configBlob)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -132,9 +128,12 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		}
 		return nil
 	} else if opts.config {
-		config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data: %v", err)
+		var config *v1.Image
+		if err := retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+			config, err = img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+			return err
+		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data")
 		}
 		err = json.NewEncoder(stdout).Encode(config)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -143,15 +142,18 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	imgInspect, err := img.Inspect(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		imgInspect, err = img.Inspect(ctx)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	outputData := inspectOutput{
+
+	outputData := inspect.Output{
 		Name: "", // Set below if DockerReference() is known
 		Tag:  imgInspect.Tag,
 		// Digest is set below.
-		RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overriden for docker.Transport.
+		RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overridden for docker.Transport.
 		Created:       imgInspect.Created,
 		DockerVersion: imgInspect.DockerVersion,
 		Labels:        imgInspect.Labels,

cmd/skopeo/inspect/output.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package inspect
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+)
+
+// Output is the output format of (skopeo inspect),
+// primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
+type Output struct {
+	Name          string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Tag           string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Digest        digest.Digest
+	RepoTags      []string
+	Created       *time.Time
+	DockerVersion string
+	Labels        map[string]string
+	Architecture  string
+	Os            string
+	Layers        []string
+	Env           []string
+}

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -7,35 +7,43 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type layersOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.RetryOptions
 }
 
-func layersCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+func layersCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := layersOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:      "layers",
-		Usage:     "Get layers of IMAGE-NAME",
-		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME [LAYER...]",
-		Hidden:    true,
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		Flags:     append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...),
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Hidden: true,
+		Use:    "layers [command options] IMAGE-NAME [LAYER...]",
+		Short:  "Get layers of IMAGE-NAME",
+		RunE:   commandAction(opts.run),
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
@@ -57,12 +65,20 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		return err
 	}
 	cache := blobinfocache.DefaultCache(sys)
-	rawSource, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
+	var (
+		rawSource types.ImageSource
+		src       types.ImageCloser
+	)
+	if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		rawSource, err = parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	src, err := image.FromSource(ctx, sys, rawSource)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		src, err = image.FromSource(ctx, sys, rawSource)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		if closeErr := rawSource.Close(); closeErr != nil {
 			return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
 		}
@@ -126,8 +142,14 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 	}()
 
 	for _, bd := range blobDigests {
-		r, blobSize, err := rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: -1}, cache)
-		if err != nil {
+		var (
+			r        io.ReadCloser
+			blobSize int64
+		)
+		if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+			r, blobSize, err = rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: -1}, cache)
+			return err
+		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
@@ -138,8 +160,11 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	manifest, _, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	var manifest []byte
+	if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		manifest, _, err = src.Manifest(ctx)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if err := dest.PutManifest(ctx, manifest, nil); err != nil {

cmd/skopeo/list_tags.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// tagListOutput is the output format of (skopeo list-tags), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
+type tagListOutput struct {
+	Repository string
+	Tags       []string
+}
+
+type tagsOptions struct {
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.RetryOptions
+}
+
+func tagsCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
+
+	opts := tagsOptions{
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
+	}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "list-tags [command options] REPOSITORY-NAME",
+		Short: "List tags in the transport/repository specified by the REPOSITORY-NAME",
+		Long: `Return the list of tags from the transport/repository "REPOSITORY-NAME"
+
+Supported transports:
+docker
+
+See skopeo-list-tags(1) section "REPOSITORY NAMES" for the expected format
+`,
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo list-tags docker://docker.io/fedora`,
+	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// Customized version of the alltransports.ParseImageName and docker.ParseReference that does not place a default tag in the reference
+// Would really love to not have this, but needed to enforce tag-less and digest-less names
+func parseDockerRepositoryReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(refString, docker.Transport.Name()+"://") {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("docker: image reference %s does not start with %s://", refString, docker.Transport.Name())
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.SplitN(refString, ":", 2)
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf(`Invalid image name "%s", expected colon-separated transport:reference`, refString)
+	}
+
+	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(strings.TrimPrefix(parts[1], "//"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if !reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
+		return nil, errors.New(`No tag or digest allowed in reference`)
+	}
+
+	// Checks ok, now return a reference. This is a hack because the tag listing code expects a full image reference even though the tag is ignored
+	return docker.NewReference(reference.TagNameOnly(ref))
+}
+
+// List the tags from a repository contained in the imgRef reference. Any tag value in the reference is ignored
+func listDockerTags(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, imgRef types.ImageReference) (string, []string, error) {
+	repositoryName := imgRef.DockerReference().Name()
+
+	tags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sys, imgRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ``, nil, fmt.Errorf("Error listing repository tags: %v", err)
+	}
+	return repositoryName, tags, nil
+}
+
+func (opts *tagsOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errorShouldDisplayUsage{errors.New("Exactly one non-option argument expected")}
+	}
+
+	sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	transport := alltransports.TransportFromImageName(args[0])
+	if transport == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid %q: does not specify a transport", args[0])
+	}
+
+	if transport.Name() != docker.Transport.Name() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported transport '%v' for tag listing. Only '%v' currently supported", transport.Name(), docker.Transport.Name())
+	}
+
+	// Do transport-specific parsing and validation to get an image reference
+	imgRef, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var repositoryName string
+	var tagListing []string
+	if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		repositoryName, tagListing, err = listDockerTags(ctx, sys, imgRef)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	outputData := tagListOutput{
+		Repository: repositoryName,
+		Tags:       tagListing,
+	}
+
+	out, err := json.MarshalIndent(outputData, "", "    ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", string(out))
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/skopeo/list_tags_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// Tests the kinds of inputs allowed and expected to the command
+func TestDockerRepositoryReferenceParser(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range [][]string{
+		{"docker://myhost.com:1000/nginx"}, //no tag
+		{"docker://myhost.com/nginx"},      //no port or tag
+		{"docker://somehost.com"},          // Valid default expansion
+		{"docker://nginx"},                 // Valid default expansion
+	} {
+
+		ref, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(test[0])
+		expected, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(test[0])
+		if assert.NoError(t, err, "Could not parse, got error on %v", test[0]) {
+			assert.Equal(t, expected.DockerReference().Name(), ref.DockerReference().Name(), "Mismatched parse result for input %v", test[0])
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range [][]string{
+		{"oci://somedir"},
+		{"dir:/somepath"},
+		{"docker-archive:/tmp/dir"},
+		{"container-storage:myhost.com/someimage"},
+		{"docker-daemon:myhost.com/someimage"},
+		{"docker://myhost.com:1000/nginx:foobar:foobar"},           // Invalid repository ref
+		{"docker://somehost.com:5000/"},                            // no repo
+		{"docker://myhost.com:1000/nginx:latest"},                  //tag not allowed
+		{"docker://myhost.com:1000/nginx@sha256:abcdef1234567890"}, //digest not allowed
+	} {
+		_, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(test[0])
+		assert.Error(t, err, test[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDockerRepositoryReferenceParserDrift(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range [][]string{
+		{"docker://myhost.com:1000/nginx", "myhost.com:1000/nginx"}, //no tag
+		{"docker://myhost.com/nginx", "myhost.com/nginx"},           //no port or tag
+		{"docker://somehost.com", "docker.io/library/somehost.com"}, // Valid default expansion
+		{"docker://nginx", "docker.io/library/nginx"},               // Valid default expansion
+	} {
+
+		ref, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(test[0])
+		ref2, err2 := alltransports.ParseImageName(test[0])
+
+		if assert.NoError(t, err, "Could not parse, got error on %v", test[0]) && assert.NoError(t, err2, "Could not parse with regular parser, got error on %v", test[0]) {
+			assert.Equal(t, ref.DockerReference().String(), ref2.DockerReference().String(), "Different parsing output for input %v. Repo parse = %v, regular parser = %v", test[0], ref, ref2)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/skopeo/login.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/auth"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type loginOptions struct {
+	global    *globalOptions
+	loginOpts auth.LoginOptions
+	getLogin  optionalBool
+	tlsVerify optionalBool
+}
+
+func loginCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := loginOptions{
+		global: global,
+	}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "login",
+		Short:   "Login to a container registry",
+		Long:    "Login to a container registry on a specified server.",
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo login quay.io`,
+	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	optionalBoolFlag(flags, &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
+	flags.AddFlagSet(auth.GetLoginFlags(&opts.loginOpts))
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func (opts *loginOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+	opts.loginOpts.Stdout = stdout
+	opts.loginOpts.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	sys := opts.global.newSystemContext()
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	}
+	return auth.Login(ctx, sys, &opts.loginOpts, args)
+}

cmd/skopeo/logout.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/auth"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type logoutOptions struct {
+	global     *globalOptions
+	logoutOpts auth.LogoutOptions
+}
+
+func logoutCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := logoutOptions{
+		global: global,
+	}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "logout",
+		Short:   "Logout of a container registry",
+		Long:    "Logout of a container registry on a specified server.",
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo logout quay.io`,
+	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(auth.GetLogoutFlags(&opts.logoutOpts))
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func (opts *logoutOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	opts.logoutOpts.Stdout = stdout
+	sys := opts.global.newSystemContext()
+	return auth.Logout(sys, &opts.logoutOpts, args)
+}

cmd/skopeo/main.go

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/reexec"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // gitCommit will be the hash that the binary was built from
@@ -25,89 +25,67 @@ type globalOptions struct {
 	registriesDirPath  string        // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuration directory
 	overrideArch       string        // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
 	overrideOS         string        // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	overrideVariant    string        // Architecture variant to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
 	commandTimeout     time.Duration // Timeout for the command execution
 	registriesConfPath string        // Path to the "registries.conf" file
+	tmpDir             string        // Path to use for big temporary files
 }
 
-// createApp returns a cli.App, and the underlying globalOptions object, to be run or tested.
-func createApp() (*cli.App, *globalOptions) {
+// createApp returns a cobra.Command, and the underlying globalOptions object, to be run or tested.
+func createApp() (*cobra.Command, *globalOptions) {
 	opts := globalOptions{}
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
-	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
-	app.Name = "skopeo"
+	rootCommand := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:  "skopeo",
+		Long: "Various operations with container images and container image registries",
+		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return opts.before(cmd)
+		},
+		SilenceUsage:  true,
+		SilenceErrors: true,
+	}
 	if gitCommit != "" {
-		app.Version = fmt.Sprintf("%s commit: %s", version.Version, gitCommit)
+		rootCommand.Version = fmt.Sprintf("%s commit: %s", version.Version, gitCommit)
 	} else {
-		app.Version = version.Version
+		rootCommand.Version = version.Version
 	}
-	app.Usage = "Various operations with container images and container image registries"
-	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        "debug",
-			Usage:       "enable debug output",
-			Destination: &opts.debug,
-		},
-		cli.GenericFlag{
-			Name:   "tls-verify",
-			Usage:  "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)",
-			Hidden: true,
-			Value:  newOptionalBoolValue(&opts.tlsVerify),
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "policy",
-			Usage:       "Path to a trust policy file",
-			Destination: &opts.policyPath,
-		},
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        "insecure-policy",
-			Usage:       "run the tool without any policy check",
-			Destination: &opts.insecurePolicy,
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "registries.d",
-			Usage:       "use registry configuration files in `DIR` (e.g. for container signature storage)",
-			Destination: &opts.registriesDirPath,
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "override-arch",
-			Usage:       "use `ARCH` instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images",
-			Destination: &opts.overrideArch,
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "override-os",
-			Usage:       "use `OS` instead of the running OS for choosing images",
-			Destination: &opts.overrideOS,
-		},
-		cli.DurationFlag{
-			Name:        "command-timeout",
-			Usage:       "timeout for the command execution",
-			Destination: &opts.commandTimeout,
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "registries-conf",
-			Usage:       "path to the registries.conf file",
-			Destination: &opts.registriesConfPath,
-			Hidden:      true,
-		},
+	// Override default `--version` global flag to enable `-v` shorthand
+	var dummyVersion bool
+	rootCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&dummyVersion, "version", "v", false, "Version for Skopeo")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&opts.debug, "debug", false, "enable debug output")
+	flag := optionalBoolFlag(rootCommand.PersistentFlags(), &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "Require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
+	flag.Hidden = true
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.policyPath, "policy", "", "Path to a trust policy file")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&opts.insecurePolicy, "insecure-policy", false, "run the tool without any policy check")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.registriesDirPath, "registries.d", "", "use registry configuration files in `DIR` (e.g. for container signature storage)")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.overrideArch, "override-arch", "", "use `ARCH` instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.overrideOS, "override-os", "", "use `OS` instead of the running OS for choosing images")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.overrideVariant, "override-variant", "", "use `VARIANT` instead of the running architecture variant for choosing images")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().DurationVar(&opts.commandTimeout, "command-timeout", 0, "timeout for the command execution")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.registriesConfPath, "registries-conf", "", "path to the registries.conf file")
+	if err := rootCommand.PersistentFlags().MarkHidden("registries-conf"); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal("unable to mark registries-conf flag as hidden")
 	}
-	app.Before = opts.before
-	app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.tmpDir, "tmpdir", "", "directory used to store temporary files")
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(
 		copyCmd(&opts),
+		deleteCmd(&opts),
 		inspectCmd(&opts),
 		layersCmd(&opts),
-		deleteCmd(&opts),
+		loginCmd(&opts),
+		logoutCmd(&opts),
 		manifestDigestCmd(),
 		syncCmd(&opts),
 		standaloneSignCmd(),
 		standaloneVerifyCmd(),
+		tagsCmd(&opts),
 		untrustedSignatureDumpCmd(),
-	}
-	return app, &opts
+	)
+	return rootCommand, &opts
 }
 
 // before is run by the cli package for any command, before running the command-specific handler.
-func (opts *globalOptions) before(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+func (opts *globalOptions) before(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 	if opts.debug {
 		logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
 	}
@@ -121,8 +99,8 @@ func main() {
 	if reexec.Init() {
 		return
 	}
-	app, _ := createApp()
-	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+	rootCmd, _ := createApp()
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
@@ -154,3 +132,21 @@ func (opts *globalOptions) commandTimeoutContext() (context.Context, context.Can
 	}
 	return ctx, cancel
 }
+
+// newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
+// It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
+func (opts *globalOptions) newSystemContext() *types.SystemContext {
+	ctx := &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:        opts.registriesDirPath,
+		ArchitectureChoice:       opts.overrideArch,
+		OSChoice:                 opts.overrideOS,
+		VariantChoice:            opts.overrideVariant,
+		SystemRegistriesConfPath: opts.registriesConfPath,
+		BigFilesTemporaryDir:     opts.tmpDir,
+	}
+	// DEPRECATED: We support this for backward compatibility, but override it if a per-image flag is provided.
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	}
+	return ctx
+}

cmd/skopeo/main_test.go

@@ -1,14 +1,47 @@
 package main
 
-import "bytes"
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
 
 // runSkopeo creates an app object and runs it with args, with an implied first "skopeo".
 // Returns output intended for stdout and the returned error, if any.
 func runSkopeo(args ...string) (string, error) {
 	app, _ := createApp()
 	stdout := bytes.Buffer{}
-	app.Writer = &stdout
-	args = append([]string{"skopeo"}, args...)
-	err := app.Run(args)
+	app.SetOut(&stdout)
+	app.SetArgs(args)
+	err := app.Execute()
 	return stdout.String(), err
 }
+
+func TestGlobalOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default state
+	opts, _ := fakeGlobalOptions(t, []string{})
+	res := opts.newSystemContext()
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+	// Set everything to non-default values.
+	opts, _ = fakeGlobalOptions(t, []string{
+		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
+		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
+		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+		"--override-variant", "overridden-variant",
+		"--tmpdir", "/srv",
+		"--registries-conf", "/srv/registries.conf",
+		"--tls-verify=false",
+	})
+	res = opts.newSystemContext()
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:           "/srv/registries.d",
+		ArchitectureChoice:          "overridden-arch",
+		OSChoice:                    "overridden-os",
+		VariantChoice:               "overridden-variant",
+		BigFilesTemporaryDir:        "/srv",
+		SystemRegistriesConfPath:    "/srv/registries.conf",
+		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify: types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+	}, res)
+}

cmd/skopeo/manifest.go

@@ -7,20 +7,22 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type manifestDigestOptions struct {
 }
 
-func manifestDigestCmd() cli.Command {
-	opts := manifestDigestOptions{}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:      "manifest-digest",
-		Usage:     "Compute a manifest digest of a file",
-		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST",
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+func manifestDigestCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	var opts manifestDigestOptions
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "manifest-digest MANIFEST",
+		Short:   "Compute a manifest digest of a file",
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: "skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json",
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *manifestDigestOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {

cmd/skopeo/signing.go

@@ -8,28 +8,24 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type standaloneSignOptions struct {
 	output string // Output file path
 }
 
-func standaloneSignCmd() cli.Command {
+func standaloneSignCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := standaloneSignOptions{}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:      "standalone-sign",
-		Usage:     "Create a signature using local files",
-		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT",
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:        "output, o",
-				Usage:       "output the signature to `SIGNATURE`",
-				Destination: &opts.output,
-			},
-		},
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "standalone-sign [command options] MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT",
+		Short: "Create a signature using local files",
+		RunE:  commandAction(opts.run),
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.StringVarP(&opts.output, "output", "o", "", "output the signature to `SIGNATURE`")
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *standaloneSignOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
@@ -64,14 +60,15 @@ func (opts *standaloneSignOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 type standaloneVerifyOptions struct {
 }
 
-func standaloneVerifyCmd() cli.Command {
+func standaloneVerifyCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := standaloneVerifyOptions{}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:      "standalone-verify",
-		Usage:     "Verify a signature using local files",
-		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT SIGNATURE",
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "standalone-verify MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT SIGNATURE",
+		Short: "Verify a signature using local files",
+		RunE:  commandAction(opts.run),
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *standaloneVerifyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
@@ -115,15 +112,16 @@ func (opts *standaloneVerifyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error
 type untrustedSignatureDumpOptions struct {
 }
 
-func untrustedSignatureDumpCmd() cli.Command {
+func untrustedSignatureDumpCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := untrustedSignatureDumpOptions{}
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:      "untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification",
-		Usage:     "Dump contents of a signature WITHOUT VERIFYING IT",
-		ArgsUsage: "SIGNATURE",
-		Hidden:    true,
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:    "untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification SIGNATURE",
+		Short:  "Dump contents of a signature WITHOUT VERIFYING IT",
+		RunE:   commandAction(opts.run),
+		Hidden: true,
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *untrustedSignatureDumpOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {

cmd/skopeo/sync.go

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/copy"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
@@ -18,20 +20,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
 
 // syncOptions contains information retrieved from the skopeo sync command line.
 type syncOptions struct {
-	global            *globalOptions    // Global (not command dependant) skopeo options
+	global            *globalOptions    // Global (not command dependent) skopeo options
 	srcImage          *imageOptions     // Source image options
 	destImage         *imageDestOptions // Destination image options
-	removeSignatures  bool              // Do not copy signatures from the source image
-	signByFingerprint string            // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
-	source            string            // Source repository name
-	destination       string            // Destination registry name
-	scoped            bool              // When true, namespace copied images at destination using the source repository name
+	retryOpts         *retry.RetryOptions
+	removeSignatures  bool   // Do not copy signatures from the source image
+	signByFingerprint string // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
+	source            string // Source repository name
+	destination       string // Destination registry name
+	scoped            bool   // When true, namespace copied images at destination using the source repository name
 }
 
 // repoDescriptor contains information of a single repository used as a sync source.
@@ -50,69 +53,54 @@ type tlsVerifyConfig struct {
 // registrySyncConfig contains information about a single registry, read from
 // the source YAML file
 type registrySyncConfig struct {
-	Images      map[string][]string    // Images map images name to slices with the images' tags
-	Credentials types.DockerAuthConfig // Username and password used to authenticate with the registry
-	TLSVerify   tlsVerifyConfig        `yaml:"tls-verify"` // TLS verification mode (enabled by default)
-	CertDir     string                 `yaml:"cert-dir"`   // Path to the TLS certificates of the registry
+	Images           map[string][]string    // Images map images name to slices with the images' tags
+	ImagesByTagRegex map[string]string      `yaml:"images-by-tag-regex"` // Images map images name to regular expression with the images' tags
+	Credentials      types.DockerAuthConfig // Username and password used to authenticate with the registry
+	TLSVerify        tlsVerifyConfig        `yaml:"tls-verify"` // TLS verification mode (enabled by default)
+	CertDir          string                 `yaml:"cert-dir"`   // Path to the TLS certificates of the registry
 }
 
 // sourceConfig contains all registries information read from the source YAML file
 type sourceConfig map[string]registrySyncConfig
 
-func syncCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+func syncCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	srcFlags, srcOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "src-", "screds")
 	destFlags, destOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 
 	opts := syncOptions{
 		global:    global,
 		srcImage:  srcOpts,
 		destImage: &imageDestOptions{imageOptions: destOpts},
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
 
-	return cli.Command{
-		Name:  "sync",
-		Usage: "Synchronize one or more images from one location to another",
-		Description: fmt.Sprint(`
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "sync [command options] --src SOURCE-LOCATION --dest DESTINATION-LOCATION SOURCE DESTINATION",
+		Short: "Synchronize one or more images from one location to another",
+		Long: fmt.Sprint(`Copy all the images from a SOURCE to a DESTINATION.
 
-	Copy all the images from a SOURCE to a DESTINATION.
+Allowed SOURCE transports (specified with --src): docker, dir, yaml.
+Allowed DESTINATION transports (specified with --dest): docker, dir.
 
-	Allowed SOURCE transports (specified with --src): docker, dir, yaml.
-	Allowed DESTINATION transports (specified with --dest): docker, dir.
-
-	See skopeo-sync(1) for details.
-	`),
-		ArgsUsage: "--src SOURCE-LOCATION --dest DESTINATION-LOCATION SOURCE DESTINATION",
-		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		// FIXME: Do we need to namespace the GPG aspect?
-		Flags: append(append(append([]cli.Flag{
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "remove-signatures",
-				Usage:       "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE images",
-				Destination: &opts.removeSignatures,
-			},
-			cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:        "sign-by",
-				Usage:       "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`",
-				Destination: &opts.signByFingerprint,
-			},
-			cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:        "src, s",
-				Usage:       "SOURCE transport type",
-				Destination: &opts.source,
-			},
-			cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:        "dest, d",
-				Usage:       "DESTINATION transport type",
-				Destination: &opts.destination,
-			},
-			cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:        "scoped",
-				Usage:       "Images at DESTINATION are prefix using the full source image path as scope",
-				Destination: &opts.scoped,
-			},
-		}, sharedFlags...), srcFlags...), destFlags...),
+See skopeo-sync(1) for details.
+`),
+		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo sync --src docker --dest dir --scoped registry.example.com/busybox /media/usb`,
 	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.removeSignatures, "remove-signatures", false, "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE images")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signByFingerprint, "sign-by", "", "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`")
+	flags.StringVarP(&opts.source, "src", "s", "", "SOURCE transport type")
+	flags.StringVarP(&opts.destination, "dest", "d", "", "DESTINATION transport type")
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.scoped, "scoped", false, "Images at DESTINATION are prefix using the full source image path as scope")
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&srcFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&destFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
+	return cmd
 }
 
 // unmarshalYAML is the implementation of the Unmarshaler interface method
@@ -144,6 +132,18 @@ func newSourceConfig(yamlFile string) (sourceConfig, error) {
 	return cfg, nil
 }
 
+// parseRepositoryReference parses input into a reference.Named, and verifies that it names a repository, not an image.
+func parseRepositoryReference(input string) (reference.Named, error) {
+	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("input names a reference, not a repository")
+	}
+	return ref, nil
+}
+
 // destinationReference creates an image reference using the provided transport.
 // It returns a image reference to be used as destination of an image copy and
 // any error encountered.
@@ -157,15 +157,14 @@ func destinationReference(destination string, transport string) (types.ImageRefe
 	case directory.Transport.Name():
 		_, err := os.Stat(destination)
 		if err == nil {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf(fmt.Sprintf("Refusing to overwrite destination directory %q", destination))
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("Refusing to overwrite destination directory %q", destination)
 		}
 		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Destination directory could not be used")
 		}
 		// the directory holding the image must be created here
 		if err = os.MkdirAll(destination, 0755); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error creating directory for image %s",
-				destination))
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error creating directory for image %s", destination)
 		}
 		imageTransport = directory.Transport
 	default:
@@ -175,21 +174,26 @@ func destinationReference(destination string, transport string) (types.ImageRefe
 
 	destRef, err := imageTransport.ParseReference(destination)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", imageTransport.Name(), destination))
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", imageTransport.Name(), destination)
 	}
 
 	return destRef, nil
 }
 
-// getImageTags retrieves all the tags associated to an image hosted on a
-// container registry.
+// getImageTags lists all tags in a repository.
 // It returns a string slice of tags and any error encountered.
-func getImageTags(ctx context.Context, sysCtx *types.SystemContext, imgRef types.ImageReference) ([]string, error) {
-	name := imgRef.DockerReference().Name()
+func getImageTags(ctx context.Context, sysCtx *types.SystemContext, repoRef reference.Named) ([]string, error) {
+	name := repoRef.Name()
 	logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 		"image": name,
 	}).Info("Getting tags")
-	tags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sysCtx, imgRef)
+	// Ugly: NewReference rejects IsNameOnly references, and GetRepositoryTags ignores the tag/digest.
+	// So, we use TagNameOnly here only to shut up NewReference
+	dockerRef, err := docker.NewReference(reference.TagNameOnly(repoRef))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err // Should never happen for a reference with tag and no digest
+	}
+	tags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sysCtx, dockerRef)
 
 	switch err := err.(type) {
 	case nil:
@@ -200,44 +204,31 @@ func getImageTags(ctx context.Context, sysCtx *types.SystemContext, imgRef types
 		logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval: %s", err)
 		break
 	default:
-		return tags, errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error determining repository tags for image %s", name))
+		return tags, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error determining repository tags for image %s", name)
 	}
 
 	return tags, nil
 }
 
-// isTagSpecified checks if an image name includes a tag and returns any errors
-// encountered.
-func isTagSpecified(imageName string) (bool, error) {
-	normNamed, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	tagged := !reference.IsNameOnly(normNamed)
-	logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-		"imagename": imageName,
-		"tagged":    tagged,
-	}).Info("Tag presence check")
-	return tagged, nil
-}
-
-// imagesTopCopyFromRepo builds a list of image references from the tags
-// found in the source repository.
+// imagesToCopyFromRepo builds a list of image references from the tags
+// found in a source repository.
 // It returns an image reference slice with as many elements as the tags found
 // and any error encountered.
-func imagesToCopyFromRepo(repoReference types.ImageReference, repoName string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContext) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
-	var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
-	tags, err := getImageTags(context.Background(), sourceCtx, repoReference)
+func imagesToCopyFromRepo(sys *types.SystemContext, repoRef reference.Named) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
+	tags, err := getImageTags(context.Background(), sys, repoRef)
 	if err != nil {
-		return sourceReferences, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
 	for _, tag := range tags {
-		imageAndTag := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", repoName, tag)
-		ref, err := docker.ParseReference(imageAndTag)
+		taggedRef, err := reference.WithTag(repoRef, tag)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", docker.Transport.Name(), imageAndTag))
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error creating a reference for repository %s and tag %q", repoRef.Name(), tag)
+		}
+		ref, err := docker.NewReference(taggedRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %s", docker.Transport.Name(), taggedRef.String())
 		}
 		sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, ref)
 	}
@@ -258,7 +249,7 @@ func imagesToCopyFromDir(dirPath string) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
 			dirname := filepath.Dir(path)
 			ref, err := directory.Transport.ParseReference(dirname)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", directory.Transport.Name(), dirname))
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", directory.Transport.Name(), dirname)
 			}
 			sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, ref)
 			return filepath.SkipDir
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ func imagesToCopyFromDir(dirPath string) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return sourceReferences,
-			errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error walking the path %q", dirPath))
+			errors.Wrapf(err, "Error walking the path %q", dirPath)
 	}
 
 	return sourceReferences, nil
@@ -280,69 +271,113 @@ func imagesToCopyFromDir(dirPath string) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
 // found and any error encountered. Each element of the slice is a list of
 // tagged image references, to be used as sync source.
 func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourceCtx types.SystemContext) ([]repoDescriptor, error) {
+	serverCtx := &sourceCtx
+	// override ctx with per-registryName options
+	serverCtx.DockerCertPath = cfg.CertDir
+	serverCtx.DockerDaemonCertPath = cfg.CertDir
+	serverCtx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = (cfg.TLSVerify.skip == types.OptionalBoolTrue)
+	serverCtx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = cfg.TLSVerify.skip
+	serverCtx.DockerAuthConfig = &cfg.Credentials
+
 	var repoDescList []repoDescriptor
 	for imageName, tags := range cfg.Images {
-		repoName := fmt.Sprintf("//%s", path.Join(registryName, imageName))
-		logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		repoLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 			"repo":     imageName,
 			"registry": registryName,
-		}).Info("Processing repo")
-
-		serverCtx := &sourceCtx
-		// override ctx with per-registryName options
-		serverCtx.DockerCertPath = cfg.CertDir
-		serverCtx.DockerDaemonCertPath = cfg.CertDir
-		serverCtx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = (cfg.TLSVerify.skip == types.OptionalBoolTrue)
-		serverCtx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = cfg.TLSVerify.skip
-		serverCtx.DockerAuthConfig = &cfg.Credentials
-
-		var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
-		for _, tag := range tags {
-			source := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", repoName, tag)
-
-			imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(source)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-					"tag": source,
-				}).Error("Error processing tag, skipping")
-				logrus.Errorf("Error getting image reference: %s", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, imageRef)
+		})
+		repoRef, err := parseRepositoryReference(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", registryName, imageName))
+		if err != nil {
+			repoLogger.Error("Error parsing repository name, skipping")
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			continue
 		}
 
-		if len(tags) == 0 {
-			logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-				"repo":     imageName,
-				"registry": registryName,
-			}).Info("Querying registry for image tags")
+		repoLogger.Info("Processing repo")
 
-			imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(repoName)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-					"repo":     imageName,
-					"registry": registryName,
-				}).Error("Error processing repo, skipping")
-				logrus.Error(err)
-				continue
+		var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
+		if len(tags) != 0 {
+			for _, tag := range tags {
+				tagLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"tag": tag})
+				taggedRef, err := reference.WithTag(repoRef, tag)
+				if err != nil {
+					tagLogger.Error("Error parsing tag, skipping")
+					logrus.Error(err)
+					continue
+				}
+				imageRef, err := docker.NewReference(taggedRef)
+				if err != nil {
+					tagLogger.Error("Error processing tag, skipping")
+					logrus.Errorf("Error getting image reference: %s", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, imageRef)
 			}
-
-			sourceReferences, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(imageRef, repoName, serverCtx)
+		} else { // len(tags) == 0
+			repoLogger.Info("Querying registry for image tags")
+			sourceReferences, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(serverCtx, repoRef)
 			if err != nil {
-				logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-					"repo":     imageName,
-					"registry": registryName,
-				}).Error("Error processing repo, skipping")
+				repoLogger.Error("Error processing repo, skipping")
 				logrus.Error(err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
 
 		if len(sourceReferences) == 0 {
-			logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-				"repo":     imageName,
-				"registry": registryName,
-			}).Warnf("No tags to sync found")
+			repoLogger.Warnf("No tags to sync found")
+			continue
+		}
+		repoDescList = append(repoDescList, repoDescriptor{
+			TaggedImages: sourceReferences,
+			Context:      serverCtx})
+	}
+
+	for imageName, tagRegex := range cfg.ImagesByTagRegex {
+		repoLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"repo":     imageName,
+			"registry": registryName,
+		})
+		repoRef, err := parseRepositoryReference(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", registryName, imageName))
+		if err != nil {
+			repoLogger.Error("Error parsing repository name, skipping")
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		repoLogger.Info("Processing repo")
+
+		var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
+
+		tagReg, err := regexp.Compile(tagRegex)
+		if err != nil {
+			repoLogger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+				"regex": tagRegex,
+			}).Error("Error parsing regex, skipping")
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		repoLogger.Info("Querying registry for image tags")
+		allSourceReferences, err := imagesToCopyFromRepo(serverCtx, repoRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			repoLogger.Error("Error processing repo, skipping")
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		repoLogger.Infof("Start filtering using the regular expression: %v", tagRegex)
+		for _, sReference := range allSourceReferences {
+			tagged, isTagged := sReference.DockerReference().(reference.Tagged)
+			if !isTagged {
+				repoLogger.Errorf("Internal error, reference %s does not have a tag, skipping", sReference.DockerReference())
+				continue
+			}
+			if tagReg.MatchString(tagged.Tag()) {
+				sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, sReference)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(sourceReferences) == 0 {
+			repoLogger.Warnf("No tags to sync found")
 			continue
 		}
 		repoDescList = append(repoDescList, repoDescriptor{
@@ -366,32 +401,29 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 		desc := repoDescriptor{
 			Context: sourceCtx,
 		}
-		refName := fmt.Sprintf("//%s", source)
-		srcRef, err := docker.ParseReference(refName)
+		named, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(source) // May be a repository or an image.
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", docker.Transport.Name(), refName))
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", docker.Transport.Name(), source)
 		}
-		imageTagged, err := isTagSpecified(source)
-		if err != nil {
-			return descriptors, err
-		}
-
+		imageTagged := !reference.IsNameOnly(named)
+		logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"imagename": source,
+			"tagged":    imageTagged,
+		}).Info("Tag presence check")
 		if imageTagged {
-			desc.TaggedImages = append(desc.TaggedImages, srcRef)
-			descriptors = append(descriptors, desc)
-			break
-		}
-
-		desc.TaggedImages, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(
-			srcRef,
-			fmt.Sprintf("//%s", source),
-			sourceCtx)
-
-		if err != nil {
-			return descriptors, err
-		}
-		if len(desc.TaggedImages) == 0 {
-			return descriptors, errors.Errorf("No images to sync found in %q", source)
+			srcRef, err := docker.NewReference(named)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", docker.Transport.Name(), named.String())
+			}
+			desc.TaggedImages = []types.ImageReference{srcRef}
+		} else {
+			desc.TaggedImages, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(sourceCtx, named)
+			if err != nil {
+				return descriptors, err
+			}
+			if len(desc.TaggedImages) == 0 {
+				return descriptors, errors.Errorf("No images to sync found in %q", source)
+			}
 		}
 		descriptors = append(descriptors, desc)
 
@@ -420,7 +452,7 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 			return descriptors, err
 		}
 		for registryName, registryConfig := range cfg {
-			if len(registryConfig.Images) == 0 {
+			if len(registryConfig.Images) == 0 && len(registryConfig.ImagesByTagRegex) == 0 {
 				logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 					"registry": registryName,
 				}).Warn("No images specified for registry")
@@ -482,9 +514,15 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
 	sourceArg := args[0]
-	srcRepoList, err := imagesToCopy(sourceArg, opts.source, sourceCtx)
-	if err != nil {
+	var srcRepoList []repoDescriptor
+	if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		srcRepoList, err = imagesToCopy(sourceArg, opts.source, sourceCtx)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -494,9 +532,6 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
-	defer cancel()
-
 	imagesNumber := 0
 	options := copy.Options{
 		RemoveSignatures: opts.removeSignatures,
@@ -536,9 +571,11 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 				"to":   transports.ImageName(destRef),
 			}).Infof("Copying image tag %d/%d", counter+1, len(srcRepo.TaggedImages))
 
-			_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, ref, &options)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error copying tag %q", transports.ImageName(ref)))
+			if err = retry.RetryIfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+				_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, ref, &options)
+				return err
+			}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error copying tag %q", transports.ImageName(ref))
 			}
 			imagesNumber++
 		}

cmd/skopeo/unshare_linux.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/unshare"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/unshare"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
 )

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/compression"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )
 
 // errorShouldDisplayUsage is a subtype of error used by command handlers to indicate that cli.ShowSubcommandHelp should be called.
@@ -17,16 +20,16 @@ type errorShouldDisplayUsage struct {
 	error
 }
 
-// commandAction intermediates between the cli.ActionFunc interface and the real handler,
-// primarily to ensure that cli.Context is not available to the handler, which in turn
-// makes sure that the cli.String() etc. flag access functions are not used,
-// and everything is done using the *Options structures and the Destination: members of cli.Flag.
-// handler may return errorShouldDisplayUsage to cause cli.ShowSubcommandHelp to be called.
-func commandAction(handler func(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error) cli.ActionFunc {
-	return func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		err := handler(([]string)(c.Args()), c.App.Writer)
+// commandAction intermediates between the RunE interface and the real handler,
+// primarily to ensure that cobra.Command is not available to the handler, which in turn
+// makes sure that the cmd.Flags() etc. flag access functions are not used,
+// and everything is done using the *Options structures and the *Var() methods of cmd.Flag().
+// handler may return errorShouldDisplayUsage to cause c.Help to be called.
+func commandAction(handler func(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error) func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	return func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		err := handler(args, c.OutOrStdout())
 		if _, ok := err.(errorShouldDisplayUsage); ok {
-			cli.ShowSubcommandHelp(c)
+			c.Help()
 		}
 		return err
 	}
@@ -38,19 +41,15 @@ type sharedImageOptions struct {
 	authFilePath string // Path to a */containers/auth.json
 }
 
-// imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into sharedImageOptions, and the managed sharedImageOptions structure.
-func sharedImageFlags() ([]cli.Flag, *sharedImageOptions) {
+// sharedImageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into sharedImageOptions, and the managed sharedImageOptions structure.
+func sharedImageFlags() (pflag.FlagSet, *sharedImageOptions) {
 	opts := sharedImageOptions{}
-	return []cli.Flag{
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "authfile",
-			Usage:       "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json",
-			Destination: &opts.authFilePath,
-		},
-	}, &opts
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
+	fs.StringVar(&opts.authFilePath, "authfile", os.Getenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE"), "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json")
+	return fs, &opts
 }
 
-// imageOptions collects CLI flags specific to the "docker" transport, which are
+// dockerImageOptions collects CLI flags specific to the "docker" transport, which are
 // the same across subcommands, but may be different for each image
 // (e.g. may differ between the source and destination of a copy)
 type dockerImageOptions struct {
@@ -58,6 +57,7 @@ type dockerImageOptions struct {
 	shared         *sharedImageOptions // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
 	authFilePath   optionalString      // Path to a */containers/auth.json (prefixed version to override shared image option).
 	credsOption    optionalString      // username[:password] for accessing a registry
+	registryToken  optionalString      // token to be used directy as a Bearer token when accessing the registry
 	dockerCertPath string              // A directory using Docker-like *.{crt,cert,key} files for connecting to a registry or a daemon
 	tlsVerify      optionalBool        // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
 	noCreds        bool                // Access the registry anonymously
@@ -73,99 +73,72 @@ type imageOptions struct {
 
 // dockerImageFlags prepares a collection of docker-transport specific CLI flags
 // writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
-func dockerImageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageOptions) {
-	opts := imageOptions{
+func dockerImageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageOptions) {
+	flags := imageOptions{
 		dockerImageOptions: dockerImageOptions{
 			global: global,
 			shared: shared,
 		},
 	}
 
-	// This is horribly ugly, but we need to support the old option forms of (skopeo copy) for compatibility.
-	// Don't add any more cases like this.
-	credsOptionExtra := ""
-	if credsOptionAlias != "" {
-		credsOptionExtra += "," + credsOptionAlias
-	}
-
-	var flags []cli.Flag
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
 	if flagPrefix != "" {
 		// the non-prefixed flag is handled by a shared flag.
-		flags = append(flags,
-			cli.GenericFlag{
-				Name:  flagPrefix + "authfile",
-				Usage: "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json",
-				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.authFilePath),
-			},
-		)
+		fs.Var(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.authFilePath), flagPrefix+"authfile", "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json")
 	}
-	flags = append(flags,
-		cli.GenericFlag{
-			Name:  flagPrefix + "creds" + credsOptionExtra,
-			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry",
-			Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.credsOption),
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "cert-dir",
-			Usage:       "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry or daemon",
-			Destination: &opts.dockerCertPath,
-		},
-		cli.GenericFlag{
-			Name:  flagPrefix + "tls-verify",
-			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon (defaults to true)",
-			Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&opts.tlsVerify),
-		},
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "no-creds",
-			Usage:       "Access the registry anonymously",
-			Destination: &opts.noCreds,
-		},
-	)
-	return flags, &opts
+	fs.Var(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.credsOption), flagPrefix+"creds", "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry")
+	if credsOptionAlias != "" {
+		// This is horribly ugly, but we need to support the old option forms of (skopeo copy) for compatibility.
+		// Don't add any more cases like this.
+		f := fs.VarPF(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.credsOption), credsOptionAlias, "", "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry")
+		f.Hidden = true
+	}
+	fs.Var(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.registryToken), flagPrefix+"registry-token", "Provide a Bearer token for accessing the registry")
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.dockerCertPath, flagPrefix+"cert-dir", "", "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry or daemon")
+	optionalBoolFlag(&fs, &flags.tlsVerify, flagPrefix+"tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon (defaults to true)")
+	fs.BoolVar(&flags.noCreds, flagPrefix+"no-creds", false, "Access the registry anonymously")
+	return fs, &flags
 }
 
 // imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
-func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageOptions) {
+func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageOptions) {
 	dockerFlags, opts := dockerImageFlags(global, shared, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
 
-	return append(dockerFlags, []cli.Flag{
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "shared-blob-dir",
-			Usage:       "`DIRECTORY` to use to share blobs across OCI repositories",
-			Destination: &opts.sharedBlobDir,
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "daemon-host",
-			Usage:       "use docker daemon host at `HOST` (docker-daemon: only)",
-			Destination: &opts.dockerDaemonHost,
-		},
-	}...), opts
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
+	fs.StringVar(&opts.sharedBlobDir, flagPrefix+"shared-blob-dir", "", "`DIRECTORY` to use to share blobs across OCI repositories")
+	fs.StringVar(&opts.dockerDaemonHost, flagPrefix+"daemon-host", "", "use docker daemon host at `HOST` (docker-daemon: only)")
+	fs.AddFlagSet(&dockerFlags)
+	return fs, opts
+}
+
+type retryOptions struct {
+	maxRetry int // The number of times to possibly retry
+}
+
+func retryFlags() (pflag.FlagSet, *retry.RetryOptions) {
+	opts := retry.RetryOptions{}
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
+	fs.IntVar(&opts.MaxRetry, "retry-times", 0, "the number of times to possibly retry")
+	return fs, &opts
 }
 
 // newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
 // It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
 func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
-	ctx := &types.SystemContext{
-		RegistriesDirPath:        opts.global.registriesDirPath,
-		ArchitectureChoice:       opts.global.overrideArch,
-		OSChoice:                 opts.global.overrideOS,
-		DockerCertPath:           opts.dockerCertPath,
-		OCISharedBlobDirPath:     opts.sharedBlobDir,
-		AuthFilePath:             opts.shared.authFilePath,
-		DockerDaemonHost:         opts.dockerDaemonHost,
-		DockerDaemonCertPath:     opts.dockerCertPath,
-		SystemRegistriesConfPath: opts.global.registriesConfPath,
-	}
+	// *types.SystemContext instance from globalOptions
+	//  imageOptions option overrides the instance if both are present.
+	ctx := opts.global.newSystemContext()
+	ctx.DockerCertPath = opts.dockerCertPath
+	ctx.OCISharedBlobDirPath = opts.sharedBlobDir
+	ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.shared.authFilePath
+	ctx.DockerDaemonHost = opts.dockerDaemonHost
+	ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath = opts.dockerCertPath
 	if opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.present {
 		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.value
 	}
 	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
 		ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !opts.tlsVerify.value
 	}
-	// DEPRECATED: We support this for backward compatibility, but override it if a per-image flag is provided.
-	if opts.global.tlsVerify.present {
-		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.global.tlsVerify.value)
-	}
 	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
 		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
 	}
@@ -179,6 +152,9 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	if opts.registryToken.present {
+		ctx.DockerBearerRegistryToken = opts.registryToken.value
+	}
 	if opts.noCreds {
 		ctx.DockerAuthConfig = &types.DockerAuthConfig{}
 	}
@@ -186,7 +162,7 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	return ctx, nil
 }
 
-// imageDestOptions is a superset of imageOptions specialized for iamge destinations.
+// imageDestOptions is a superset of imageOptions specialized for image destinations.
 type imageDestOptions struct {
 	*imageOptions
 	dirForceCompression         bool        // Compress layers when saving to the dir: transport
@@ -196,32 +172,16 @@ type imageDestOptions struct {
 }
 
 // imageDestFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageDestOptions, and the managed imageDestOptions structure.
-func imageDestFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageDestOptions) {
+func imageDestFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageDestOptions) {
 	genericFlags, genericOptions := imageFlags(global, shared, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
 	opts := imageDestOptions{imageOptions: genericOptions}
-
-	return append(genericFlags, []cli.Flag{
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "compress",
-			Usage:       "Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)",
-			Destination: &opts.dirForceCompression,
-		},
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "oci-accept-uncompressed-layers",
-			Usage:       "Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)",
-			Destination: &opts.ociAcceptUncompressedLayers,
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        flagPrefix + "compress-format",
-			Usage:       "`FORMAT` to use for the compression",
-			Destination: &opts.compressionFormat,
-		},
-		cli.GenericFlag{
-			Name:  flagPrefix + "compress-level",
-			Usage: "`LEVEL` to use for the compression",
-			Value: newOptionalIntValue(&opts.compressionLevel),
-		},
-	}...), &opts
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
+	fs.AddFlagSet(&genericFlags)
+	fs.BoolVar(&opts.dirForceCompression, flagPrefix+"compress", false, "Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)")
+	fs.BoolVar(&opts.ociAcceptUncompressedLayers, flagPrefix+"oci-accept-uncompressed-layers", false, "Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)")
+	fs.StringVar(&opts.compressionFormat, flagPrefix+"compress-format", "", "`FORMAT` to use for the compression")
+	fs.Var(newOptionalIntValue(&opts.compressionLevel), flagPrefix+"compress-level", "`LEVEL` to use for the compression")
+	return fs, &opts
 }
 
 // newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
@@ -272,20 +232,6 @@ func getDockerAuth(creds string) (*types.DockerAuthConfig, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// parseImage converts image URL-like string to an initialized handler for that image.
-// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
-func parseImage(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
-	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	sys, err := opts.newSystemContext()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return ref.NewImage(ctx, sys)
-}
-
 // parseImageSource converts image URL-like string to an ImageSource.
 // The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
 func parseImageSource(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (types.ImageSource, error) {
@@ -299,3 +245,32 @@ func parseImageSource(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (typ
 	}
 	return ref.NewImageSource(ctx, sys)
 }
+
+// usageTemplate returns the usage template for skopeo commands
+// This blocks the displaying of the global options. The main skopeo
+// command should not use this.
+const usageTemplate = `Usage:{{if .Runnable}}
+{{.UseLine}}{{end}}{{if .HasAvailableSubCommands}}
+
+{{.CommandPath}} [command]{{end}}{{if gt (len .Aliases) 0}}
+
+Aliases:
+{{.NameAndAliases}}{{end}}{{if .HasExample}}
+
+Examples:
+{{.Example}}{{end}}{{if .HasAvailableSubCommands}}
+
+Available Commands:{{range .Commands}}{{if (or .IsAvailableCommand (eq .Name "help"))}}
+{{rpad .Name .NamePadding }} {{.Short}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .HasAvailableLocalFlags}}
+
+Flags:
+{{.LocalFlags.FlagUsages | trimTrailingWhitespaces}}{{end}}{{if .HasAvailableInheritedFlags}}
+{{end}}
+`
+
+// adjustUsage uses usageTemplate template to get rid the GlobalOption from usage
+// and disable [flag] at the end of command usage
+func adjustUsage(c *cobra.Command) {
+	c.SetUsageTemplate(usageTemplate)
+	c.DisableFlagsInUseLine = true
+}

cmd/skopeo/utils_test.go

@@ -1,41 +1,33 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"flag"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 // fakeGlobalOptions creates globalOptions and sets it according to flags.
-// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
-func fakeGlobalOptions(t *testing.T, flags []string) *globalOptions {
+func fakeGlobalOptions(t *testing.T, flags []string) (*globalOptions, *cobra.Command) {
 	app, opts := createApp()
-
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet(app.Name, flag.ContinueOnError)
-	for _, f := range app.Flags {
-		f.Apply(flagSet)
-	}
-	err := flagSet.Parse(flags)
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	app.AddCommand(cmd)
+	err := cmd.ParseFlags(flags)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return opts
+	return opts, cmd
 }
 
 // fakeImageOptions creates imageOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
-// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
 func fakeImageOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageOptions {
-	globalOpts := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
-
+	globalOpts, cmd := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("fakeImageOptions", flag.ContinueOnError)
-	for _, f := range append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...) {
-		f.Apply(flagSet)
-	}
-	err := flagSet.Parse(cmdFlags)
+	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	err := cmd.ParseFlags(cmdFlags)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return imageOpts
 }
@@ -52,6 +44,8 @@ func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
 		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
 		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+		"--override-variant", "overridden-variant",
+		"--tmpdir", "/srv",
 	}, []string{
 		"--authfile", "/srv/authfile",
 		"--dest-authfile", "/srv/dest-authfile",
@@ -60,6 +54,7 @@ func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
 		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
 		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+		"--dest-registry-token", "faketoken",
 	})
 	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -68,13 +63,16 @@ func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/dest-authfile",
 		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
 		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
+		VariantChoice:                     "overridden-variant",
 		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
 		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
 		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
 		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		DockerBearerRegistryToken:         "faketoken",
 		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
 		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
 		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
+		BigFilesTemporaryDir:              "/srv",
 	}, res)
 
 	// Global/per-command tlsVerify behavior
@@ -115,17 +113,13 @@ func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // fakeImageDestOptions creates imageDestOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
-// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
 func fakeImageDestOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageDestOptions {
-	globalOpts := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
-
+	globalOpts, cmd := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
 	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageDestFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("fakeImageDestOptions", flag.ContinueOnError)
-	for _, f := range append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...) {
-		f.Apply(flagSet)
-	}
-	err := flagSet.Parse(cmdFlags)
+	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	err := cmd.ParseFlags(cmdFlags)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return imageOpts
 }
@@ -137,19 +131,33 @@ func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
 
+	oldXRD, hasXRD := os.LookupEnv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE")
+	defer func() {
+		if hasXRD {
+			os.Setenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE", oldXRD)
+		} else {
+			os.Unsetenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE")
+		}
+	}()
+	authFile := "/tmp/auth.json"
+	// Make sure when REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE is set the auth file is used
+	os.Setenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE", authFile)
+
 	// Explicitly set everything to default, except for when the default is “not present”
 	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{
 		"--dest-compress=false",
 	})
 	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{AuthFilePath: authFile}, res)
 
 	// Set everything to non-default values.
 	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
 		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
 		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
 		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+		"--override-variant", "overridden-variant",
+		"--tmpdir", "/srv",
 	}, []string{
 		"--authfile", "/srv/authfile",
 		"--dest-cert-dir", "/srv/cert-dir",
@@ -158,6 +166,7 @@ func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
 		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
 		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+		"--dest-registry-token", "faketoken",
 	})
 	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -166,14 +175,17 @@ func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/authfile",
 		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
 		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
+		VariantChoice:                     "overridden-variant",
 		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
 		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
 		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
 		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		DockerBearerRegistryToken:         "faketoken",
 		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
 		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
 		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
 		DirForceCompress:                  true,
+		BigFilesTemporaryDir:              "/srv",
 	}, res)
 
 	// Invalid option values in imageOptions

completions/bash/skopeo

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ _skopeo_copy() {
     --dest-tls-verify
     --src-daemon-host
     --dest-daemon-host
+    --src-registry-token
+    --dest-registry-token
     "
 
     local boolean_options="
@@ -73,6 +75,8 @@ _skopeo_inspect() {
      --authfile
      --creds
      --cert-dir
+     --retry-times
+     --registry-token
      "
      local boolean_options="
      --config
@@ -119,6 +123,7 @@ _skopeo_delete() {
      --authfile
      --creds
      --cert-dir
+     --registry-token
      "
      local boolean_options="
      --tls-verify
@@ -135,15 +140,60 @@ _skopeo_delete() {
 
 _skopeo_layers() {
      local options_with_args="
+       --authfile
        --creds
        --cert-dir
+       --registry-token
      "
      local boolean_options="
        --tls-verify
+       --no-creds
      "
     _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
 }
 
+_skopeo_list_repository_tags() {
+     local options_with_args="
+     --authfile
+     --creds
+     --cert-dir
+     --registry-token
+     "
+
+     local boolean_options="
+     --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
+     "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
+_skopeo_login() {
+    local options_with_args="
+    --authfile
+    --cert-dir
+    --password -p
+    --username -u
+    "
+
+    local boolean_options="
+    --get-login
+    --tls-verify
+    --password-stdin
+    "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
+_skopeo_logout() {
+    local options_with_args="
+    --authfile
+    "
+
+    local boolean_options="
+    --all -a
+    "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
 _skopeo_skopeo() {
      # XXX: Changes here need to be refleceted in the manually expanded
      # string in the `case` statement below as well.
@@ -152,7 +202,9 @@ _skopeo_skopeo() {
        --registries.d
        --override-arch
        --override-os
+       --override-variant
        --command-timeout
+       --tmpdir
      "
      local boolean_options="
        --insecure-policy
@@ -161,9 +213,24 @@ _skopeo_skopeo() {
        --help -h
      "
 
+     local commands=(
+       copy
+       delete
+       inspect
+       list-tags
+       login
+       logout
+       manifest-digest
+       standalone-sign
+       standalone-verify
+       sync
+       help
+       h
+     )
+
      case "$prev" in
          # XXX: Changes here need to be refleceted in $options_with_args as well.
-         --policy|--registries.d|--override-arch|--override-os|--command-timeout)
+         --policy|--registries.d|--override-arch|--override-os|--override-variant|--command-timeout)
              return
              ;;
      esac
@@ -173,8 +240,6 @@ _skopeo_skopeo() {
              while IFS='' read -r line; do COMPREPLY+=("$line"); done < <(compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur")
              ;;
          *)
-             commands=$( "${COMP_WORDS[@]:0:$COMP_CWORD}" --generate-bash-completion )
-
              while IFS='' read -r line; do COMPREPLY+=("$line"); done < <(compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur")
              ;;
      esac
@@ -194,7 +259,7 @@ _cli_bash_autocomplete() {
      local counter=1
      while [ $counter -lt "$cword" ]; do
          case "${words[$counter]}" in
-             skopeo|copy|inspect|delete|manifest-digest|standalone-sign|standalone-verify|help|h)
+             skopeo|copy|inspect|delete|manifest-digest|standalone-sign|standalone-verify|help|h|list-repository-tags)
                  command="${words[$counter]//-/_}"
                  cpos=$counter
                  (( cpos++ ))

contrib/skopeoimage/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/master/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250">
+
+----
+
+# skopeoimage
+
+## Overview
+
+This directory contains the Dockerfiles necessary to create the three skopeoimage container
+images that are housed on quay.io under the skopeo account.  All three repositories where
+the images live are public and can be pulled without credentials.  These container images
+are secured and the resulting containers can run safely.  The container images are built
+using the latest Fedora and then Skopeo is installed into them:
+
+  * quay.io/skopeo/stable - This image is built using the latest stable version of Skopeo in a Fedora based container.  Built with skopeoimage/stable/Dockerfile.
+  * quay.io/skopeo/upstream - This image is built using the latest code found in this GitHub repository.  When someone creates a commit and pushes it, the image is created.  Due to that the image changes frequently and is not guaranteed to be stable.  Built with skopeoimage/upstream/Dockerfile.
+  * quay.io/skopeo/testing - This image is built using the latest version of Skopeo that is or was in updates testing for Fedora.  At times this may be the same as the stable image.  This container image will primarily be used by the development teams for verification testing when a new package is created.  Built with skopeoimage/testing/Dockerfile.
+
+## Sample Usage
+
+Although not required, it is suggested that [Podman](https://github.com/containers/podman) be used with these container images.
+
+```
+# Get Help on Skopeo
+podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest --help
+
+# Get help on the Skopeo Copy command
+podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy --help
+
+# Copy the Skopeo container image from quay.io to
+# a private registry
+podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable docker://registry.internal.company.com/skopeo
+
+# Inspect the fedora:latest image
+podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest inspect --config docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest  | jq
+```

contrib/skopeoimage/stable/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# stable/Dockerfile
+#
+# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
+# stable version of Skopeo on the Fedoras Updates System.
+# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
+# This image can be used to create a secured container
+# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
+#
+FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:32
+
+# Don't include container-selinux and remove
+# directories used by yum that are just taking
+# up space.  Also reinstall shadow-utils as without
+# doing so, the setuid/setgid bits on newuidmap
+# and newgidmap are lost in the Fedora images. 
+RUN useradd skopeo; yum -y update; yum -y reinstall shadow-utils; yum -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs --exclude container-selinux; yum -y clean all; rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/* /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum*
+
+# Adjust storage.conf to enable Fuse storage.
+RUN sed -i -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Setup the ability to use additional stores
+# with this container image.
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
+
+# Setup skopeo's uid/guid entries
+RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid
+RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
+
+# Point to the Authorization file
+ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/auth.json
+
+# Set the entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/testing/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# testing/Dockerfile
+#
+# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
+# version of Skopeo that is in updates-testing
+# on the Fedoras Updates System.
+# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
+# This image can be used to create a secured container
+# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
+#
+FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:32
+
+# Don't include container-selinux and remove
+# directories used by yum that are just taking
+# up space.  Also reinstall shadow-utils as without
+# doing so, the setuid/setgid bits on newuidmap
+# and newgidmap are lost in the Fedora images. 
+RUN useradd skopeo; yum -y update; yum -y reinstall shadow-utils; yum -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs --enablerepo updates-testing --exclude container-selinux; yum -y clean all; rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/* /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum*
+
+# Adjust storage.conf to enable Fuse storage.
+RUN sed -i -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Setup the ability to use additional stores
+# with this container image.
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
+
+# Setup skopeo's uid/guid entries
+RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid
+RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
+
+# Point to the Authorization file
+ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/auth.json
+
+# Set the entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/upstream/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# upstream/Dockerfile
+#
+# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
+# upstream version of Skopeo on GitHub.
+# https://github.com/containers/skopeo
+# This image can be used to create a secured container
+# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
+#
+FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:32
+
+# Don't include container-selinux and remove
+# directories used by yum that are just taking
+# up space.  Also reinstall shadow-utils as without
+# doing so, the setuid/setgid bits on newuidmap
+# and newgidmap are lost in the Fedora images. 
+RUN useradd skopeo; yum -y update; yum -y reinstall shadow-utils; \
+yum -y install make \
+golang \
+git \
+go-md2man \
+fuse-overlayfs \
+fuse3 \
+containers-common \
+gpgme-devel \
+libassuan-devel \
+btrfs-progs-devel \
+device-mapper-devel --enablerepo updates-testing --exclude container-selinux; \
+mkdir /root/skopeo; \
+git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo /root/skopeo/src/github.com/containers/skopeo; \
+export GOPATH=/root/skopeo; \
+cd /root/skopeo/src/github.com/containers/skopeo; \
+make bin/skopeo;\
+make install;\
+rm -rf /root/skopeo/*; \
+yum -y remove git golang go-md2man make; \
+yum -y clean all; yum -y clean all; rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/* /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum*
+
+
+# Adjust storage.conf to enable Fuse storage.
+RUN sed -i -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Setup the ability to use additional stores
+# with this container image.
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
+
+# Setup skopeo's uid/guid entries
+RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid
+RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
+
+# Point to the Authorization file
+ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/auth.json
+
+# Set the entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

docs/skopeo-copy.1.md

@@ -15,19 +15,25 @@ Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by
 
   _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
 
+_source-image_ and _destination-image_ are interpreted completely independently; e.g. the destination name does not
+automatically inherit any parts of the source name.
+
 ## OPTIONS
 
 **--all**
 
 If _source-image_ refers to a list of images, instead of copying just the image which matches the current OS and
-architecture (subject to the use of the global --override-os and --override-arch options), attempt to copy all of
+architecture (subject to the use of the global --override-os, --override-arch and --override-variant options), attempt to copy all of
 the images in the list, and the list itself.
 
 **--authfile** _path_
 
-Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
 If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
+Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY\_AUTH\_FILE
+environment variable. `export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path`
+
 **--src-authfile** _path_
 
 Path of the authentication file for the source registry. Uses path given by `--authfile`, if not provided.
@@ -44,29 +50,29 @@ Path of the authentication file for the destination registry. Uses path given by
 
 **--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
 
-**--encryption-key** _Key_ a reference prefixed with the encryption protocol to use. The supported protocols are JWE, PGP and PKCS7. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file. This feature is still *experimental*.
+**--encryption-key** _protocol:keyfile_ specifies the encryption protocol, which can be JWE (RFC7516), PGP (RFC4880), and PKCS7 (RFC2315) and the key material required for image encryption. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file.
 
-**--decryption-key** _Key_ a reference required to perform decryption of container images. This should point to files which represent keys and/or certificates that can be used for decryption. Decryption will be tried with all keys. This feature is still *experimental*.
+**--decryption-key** _key[:passphrase]_ to be used for decryption of images. Key can point to keys and/or certificates. Decryption will be tried with all keys. If the key is protected by a passphrase, it is required to be passed in the argument and omitted otherwise.
 
-**--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
+**--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry.
 
-**--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)
+**--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source).
 
-**--dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers** _bool-value_ Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)
+**--dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers** _bool-value_ Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed).
 
-**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
+**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry.
 
-**--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon
+**--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon.
 
 **--src-no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
 
-**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true).
 
-**--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon
+**--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon.
 
 **--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_  Access the registry anonymously.
 
-**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true).
 
 **--src-daemon-host** _host_ Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
 
@@ -78,8 +84,17 @@ Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
 
 **--dest-compress-level** _format_ Specifies the compression level to use.  The value is specific to the compression algorithm used, e.g. for zstd the accepted values are in the range 1-20 (inclusive), while for gzip it is 1-9 (inclusive).
 
+**--src-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the source registry.
+
+**--dest-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the destination registry.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
+To just copy an image from one registry to another:
+```sh
+$ skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest
+```
+
 To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
 ```sh
 $ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
@@ -93,17 +108,17 @@ $ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
 To copy and sign an image:
 
 ```sh
-# skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com container-storage:example/busybox:streaming docker://example/busybox:gold
+# skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com containers-storage:example/busybox:streaming docker://example/busybox:gold
 ```
 
 To encrypt an image:
 ```sh
-skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/nginx:latest oci:local_nginx:latest
+skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/nginx:1.17.8 oci:local_nginx:1.17.8
 
 openssl genrsa -out private.key 1024
 openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout > public.key
 
-skopeo  copy --encryption-key jwe:./public.key oci:local_nginx:latest oci:try-encrypt:encrypted
+skopeo  copy --encryption-key jwe:./public.key oci:local_nginx:1.17.8 oci:try-encrypt:encrypted
 ```
 
 To decrypt an image:
@@ -120,8 +135,16 @@ To decrypt an image that requires more than one key:
 ```sh
 skopeo copy --decryption-key ./private1.key --decryption-key ./private2.key --decryption-key ./private3.key oci:try-encrypt:encrypted oci:try-decrypt:decrypted
 ```
+
+Container images can also be partially encrypted by specifying the index of the layer. Layers are 0-indexed indices, with support for negative indexing. i.e. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer.
+
+Let's say out of 3 layers that the image `docker.io/library/nginx:1.17.8` is made up of, we only want to encrypt the 2nd layer,
+```sh
+skopeo  copy --encryption-key jwe:./public.key --encrypt-layer 1 oci:local_nginx:1.17.8 oci:try-encrypt:encrypted
+```
+
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 

docs/skopeo-delete.1.md

@@ -21,19 +21,21 @@ $ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distrib
 
 **--authfile** _path_
 
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
   If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
-**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry.
 
-**--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
+**--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry.
 
-**--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+**--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true).
 
 **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
 
 Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
 
+**--registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the registry.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
 
 
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 

docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md

@@ -22,17 +22,21 @@ Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
 
   **--authfile** _path_
 
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
   If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry.
 
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry
+  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry.
 
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+  **--retry-times**  the number of times to retry, retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+
+  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true).
 
   **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
 
+  **--registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the registry.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 To review information for the image fedora from the docker.io registry:
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ $ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
 ```
 
 # SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 

docs/skopeo-list-tags.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+% skopeo-list-tags(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-list\-tags - Return a list of tags the transport-specific image repository
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo list-tags** _repository-name_
+
+Return a list of tags from _repository-name_ in a registry.
+
+  _repository-name_ name of repository to retrieve tag listing from
+
+  **--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry.
+
+  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry.
+
+  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true).
+
+  **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+  **--registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the registry.
+
+## REPOSITORY NAMES
+
+Repository names are transport-specific references as each transport may have its own concept of a "repository" and "tags". Currently, only the Docker transport is supported.
+
+This commands refers to repositories using a _transport_`:`_details_ format. The following formats are supported:
+
+  **docker://**_docker-repository-reference_
+  A repository in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(skopeo login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
+  A _docker-repository-reference_ is of the form: **registryhost:port/repositoryname** which is similar to an _image-reference_ but with no tag or digest allowed as the last component (e.g no `:latest` or `@sha256:xyz`)
+      
+      Examples of valid docker-repository-references:
+        "docker.io/myuser/myrepo"
+        "docker.io/nginx"
+        "docker.io/library/fedora"
+        "localhost:5000/myrepository"
+        
+      Examples of invalid references:
+        "docker.io/nginx:latest"
+        "docker.io/myuser/myimage:v1.0"
+        "docker.io/myuser/myimage@sha256:f48c4cc192f4c3c6a069cb5cca6d0a9e34d6076ba7c214fd0cc3ca60e0af76bb"
+       
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+### Docker Transport
+To get the list of tags in the "fedora" repository from the docker.io registry (the repository name expands to "library/fedora" per docker transport canonical form):
+```sh
+$ skopeo list-tags docker://docker.io/fedora
+{
+    "Repository": "docker.io/library/fedora",
+    "Tags": [
+        "20",
+        "21",
+        "22",
+        "23",
+        "24",
+        "25",
+        "26-modular",
+        "26",
+        "27",
+        "28",
+        "29",
+        "30",
+        "31",
+        "32",
+        "branched",
+        "heisenbug",
+        "latest",
+        "modular",
+        "rawhide"
+    ]
+}
+
+```
+
+To list the tags in a local host docker/distribution registry on port 5000, in this case for the "fedora" repository:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo list-tags docker://localhost:5000/fedora
+{
+    "Repository": "localhost:5000/fedora",
+    "Tags": [
+        "latest",
+        "30",
+        "31"
+    ]
+}
+
+```
+
+# SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Zach Hill <zach@anchore.com>
+

docs/skopeo-login.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+% skopeo-login(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-login - Login to a container registry
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo login** [*options*] *registry*
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+**skopeo login** logs into a specified registry server with the correct username
+and password. **skopeo login** reads in the username and password from STDIN.
+The username and password can also be set using the **username** and **password** flags.
+The path of the authentication file can be specified by the user by setting the **authfile**
+flag. The default path used is **${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json**.
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--password**, **-p**=*password*
+
+Password for registry
+
+**--password-stdin**
+
+Take the password from stdin
+
+**--username**, **-u**=*username*
+
+Username for registry
+
+**--authfile**=*path*
+
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json
+
+Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY\_AUTH\_FILE
+environment variable. `export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path`
+
+**--get-login**
+
+Return the logged-in user for the registry. Return error if no login is found.
+
+**--cert-dir**=*path*
+
+Use certificates at *path* (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry.
+Default certificates directory is _/etc/containers/certs.d_.
+
+**--tls-verify**=*true|false*
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when contacting registries (default: true). If explicitly set to true,
+then TLS verification will be used. If set to false, then TLS verification will not be used. If not specified,
+TLS verification will be used unless the target registry is listed as an insecure registry in registries.conf.
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```
+$ skopeo login docker.io
+Username: testuser
+Password:
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo login -u testuser -p testpassword localhost:5000
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo login --authfile authdir/myauths.json docker.io
+Username: testuser
+Password:
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo login --tls-verify=false -u test -p test localhost:5000
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo login --cert-dir /etc/containers/certs.d/ -u foo -p bar localhost:5000
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo login -u testuser  --password-stdin < testpassword.txt docker.io
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+```
+$ echo $testpassword | skopeo login -u testuser --password-stdin docker.io
+Login Succeeded!
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), skopeo-logout(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-registries.conf(5), containers-certs.d.5.md
+
+## HISTORY
+May 2020, Originally compiled by Qi Wang <qiwan@redhat.com>

docs/skopeo-logout.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+% skopeo-logout(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-logout - Logout of a container registry
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo logout** [*options*] *registry*
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+**skopeo logout** logs out of a specified registry server by deleting the cached credentials
+stored in the **auth.json** file. The path of the authentication file can be overridden by the user by setting the **authfile** flag.
+The default path used is **${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json**.
+All the cached credentials can be removed by setting the **all** flag.
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--authfile**=*path*
+
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json
+
+Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY\_AUTH\_FILE
+environment variable. `export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path`
+
+**--all**, **-a**
+
+Remove the cached credentials for all registries in the auth file
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```
+$ skopeo logout docker.io
+Remove login credentials for docker.io
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo logout --authfile authdir/myauths.json docker.io
+Remove login credentials for docker.io
+```
+
+```
+$ skopeo logout --all
+Remove login credentials for all registries
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
+
+## HISTORY
+May 2020, Originally compiled by Qi Wang <qiwan@redhat.com>

docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ $
 ```
 
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), skopeo-copy(1)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-copy(1), containers-signature(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 

docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603
 ```
 
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1)
+skopeo(1), containers-signature(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 

docs/skopeo-sync.1.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ name can be stored at _destination_.
 ## OPTIONS
 **--authfile** _path_
 
-Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
 If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
 **--src-authfile** _path_
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ Path of the authentication file for the destination registry. Uses path given by
 
 **--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to a container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true).
 
+**--src-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the source registry.
+
+**--dest-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the destination registry.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 ### Synchronizing to a local directory
@@ -86,6 +90,21 @@ Images are located at:
 /media/usb/busybox:latest
 ```
 
+### Synchronizing to a container registry from local
+Images are located at:
+```
+/media/usb/busybox:1-glibc
+```
+Sync run
+```
+$ skopeo sync --src dir --dest docker /media/usb/busybox:1-glibc my-registry.local.lan/test/
+```
+Destination registry content:
+```
+REPO                                 TAGS
+my-registry.local.lan/test/busybox   1-glibc
+```
+
 ### Synchronizing to a local directory, scoped
 ```
 $ skopeo sync --src docker --dest dir --scoped registry.example.com/busybox /media/usb
@@ -105,8 +124,18 @@ skopeo sync --src docker --dest docker registry.example.com/busybox my-registry.
 ```
 Destination registry content:
 ```
-REPO                           TAGS
-registry.example.com/busybox   1-glibc, 1-musl, 1-ubuntu, ..., latest
+REPO                         TAGS
+registry.local.lan/busybox   1-glibc, 1-musl, 1-ubuntu, ..., latest
+```
+
+### Synchronizing to a container registry keeping the repository
+```
+skopeo sync --src docker --dest docker registry.example.com/repo/busybox my-registry.local.lan/repo
+```
+Destination registry content:
+```
+REPO                              TAGS
+registry.local.lan/repo/busybox   1-glibc, 1-musl, 1-ubuntu, ..., latest
 ```
 
 ### YAML file content (used _source_ for `**--src yaml**`)
@@ -118,6 +147,8 @@ registry.example.com:
         redis:
             - "1.0"
             - "2.0"
+    images-by-tag-regex:
+        nginx: ^1\.13\.[12]-alpine-perl$
     credentials:
         username: john
         password: this is a secret
@@ -129,22 +160,25 @@ quay.io:
         coreos/etcd:
             - latest
 ```
-
+If the yaml filename is `sync.yml`, sync run:
+```
+skopeo sync --src yaml --dest docker sync.yml my-registry.local.lan/repo/
+```
 This will copy the following images:
 - Repository `registry.example.com/busybox`: all images, as no tags are specified.
 - Repository `registry.example.com/redis`: images tagged "1.0" and "2.0".
+- Repository `registry.example.com/nginx`: images tagged "1.13.1-alpine-perl" and "1.13.2-alpine-perl".
 - Repository `quay.io/coreos/etcd`: images tagged "latest".
 
 For the registry `registry.example.com`, the "john"/"this is a secret" credentials are used, with server TLS certificates located at `/home/john/certs`.
 
-TLS verification is normally enabled, and it can be disabled setting `tls-verify` to `true`.
+TLS verification is normally enabled, and it can be disabled setting `tls-verify` to `false`.
 In the above example, TLS verification is enabled for `reigstry.example.com`, while is
 disabled for `quay.io`.
 
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Flavio Castelli <fcastelli@suse.com>, Marco Vedovati <mvedovati@suse.com>
-

docs/skopeo.1.md

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ its functionality.  It also does not require root, unless you are copying images
 Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format. The following formats are supported:
 
   **containers-storage:**_docker-reference_
-  An image located in a local containers/storage image store.  Location and image store specified in /etc/containers/storage.conf
+  An image located in a local containers/storage image store.  Both the location and image store are specified in /etc/containers/storage.conf. (Backend for Podman, CRI-O, Buildah and friends)
 
   **dir:**_path_
   An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
 
   **docker://**_docker-reference_
-  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(podman login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
+  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(skopeo login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
 
   **docker-archive:**_path_[**:**_docker-reference_]
   An image is stored in the `docker save` formatted file.  _docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
@@ -44,23 +44,32 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
   **oci:**_path_**:**_tag_
   An image _tag_ in a directory compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
 
+  **oci-archive:**_path_**:**_tag_
+  An image _tag_ in a tar archive compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
+
+See [containers-transports(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-transports.5.md) for details.
+
 ## OPTIONS
 
+  **--command-timeout** _duration_ Timeout for the command execution.
+
   **--debug** enable debug output
 
-  **--policy** _path-to-policy_ Path to a policy.json file to use for verifying signatures and deciding whether an image is trusted, overriding the default trust policy file.
+  **--help**|**-h** Show help
 
   **--insecure-policy** Adopt an insecure, permissive policy that allows anything. This obviates the need for a policy file.
 
-  **--registries.d** _dir_ use registry configuration files in _dir_ (e.g. for container signature storage), overriding the default path.
-
   **--override-arch** _arch_ Use _arch_ instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images.
 
   **--override-os** _OS_ Use _OS_ instead of the running OS for choosing images.
 
-  **--command-timeout** _duration_ Timeout for the command execution.
+  **--override-variant** _VARIANT_ Use _VARIANT_ instead of the running architecture variant for choosing images.
 
-  **--help**|**-h** Show help
+  **--policy** _path-to-policy_ Path to a policy.json file to use for verifying signatures and deciding whether an image is trusted, overriding the default trust policy file.
+
+  **--registries.d** _dir_ use registry configuration files in _dir_ (e.g. for container signature storage), overriding the default path.
+
+  **--tmpdir** _dir_ used to store temporary files. Defaults to /var/tmp.
 
   **--version**|**-v** print the version number
 
@@ -71,6 +80,9 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
 | [skopeo-copy(1)](skopeo-copy.1.md)        | Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another. |
 | [skopeo-delete(1)](skopeo-delete.1.md)    | Mark image-name for deletion.                                                  |
 | [skopeo-inspect(1)](skopeo-inspect.1.md)  | Return low-level information about image-name in a registry.                   |
+| [skopeo-list-tags(1)](skopeo-list-tags.1.md)  | List the tags for the given transport/repository.                           |
+| [skopeo-login(1)](skopeo-login.1.md)  | Login to a container registry. |
+| [skopeo-logout(1)](skopeo-logout.1.md)  | Logout of a container registry. |
 | [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.|
 | [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Sign an image.                                               |
 | [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image.                                             |
@@ -79,14 +91,14 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
 ## FILES
   **/etc/containers/policy.json**
   Default trust policy file, if **--policy** is not specified.
-  The policy format is documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
+  The policy format is documented in [containers-policy.json(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md) .
 
   **/etc/containers/registries.d**
   Default directory containing registry configuration, if **--registries.d** is not specified.
-  The contents of this directory are documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
+  The contents of this directory are documented in [containers-policy.json(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md).
 
 ## SEE ALSO
-podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-storage.conf(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 

go.mod

@@ -3,25 +3,25 @@ module github.com/containers/skopeo
 go 1.12
 
 require (
-	github.com/containers/buildah v1.13.1 // indirect
-	github.com/containers/common v0.1.4
-	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.2.1
-	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v0.0.0-20190930154801-b87a4a69c741
-	github.com/containers/storage v1.15.8
-	github.com/docker/docker v1.4.2-0.20191101170500-ac7306503d23
+	github.com/containers/common v0.22.0
+	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.6.0
+	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v1.0.3
+	github.com/containers/storage v1.23.5
+	github.com/docker/docker v1.4.2-0.20191219165747-a9416c67da9f
 	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127
-	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0-rc1
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2-0.20190823105129-775207bd45b6
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v0.0.0-20170926011501-6d941547fa1d
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc92 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.2
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.6.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.0.0
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
 	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2
-	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.1
-	github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.4.0+incompatible // indirect
 	go4.org v0.0.0-20190218023631-ce4c26f7be8e // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.3 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0
 )

go.sum

@@ -5,24 +5,11 @@ github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78 h1:w+iIsaOQNcT7O
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78/go.mod h1:LmzpDX56iTiv29bbRTIsUNlaFfuhWRQBWjQdVyAevI8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
-github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.0/go.mod h1:1jcaCB/ufaK+sKp1NBhlGmpz41jOoPQ35bpF36t7BBo=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.12/go.mod h1:VhR8bwka0BXejwEJY73c50VrPtXAaKcyvVC4A4RozmA=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14 h1:+hMXMk01us9KgxGb7ftKQt2Xpf5hH/yky+TDA+qxleU=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14/go.mod h1:qXqCSQ3Xa7+6tgxaGTIe4Kpcdsi+P8jBhyzoq1bpyYA=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.15-0.20190919025122-fc70bd9a86b5 h1:ygIc8M6trr62pF5DucadTWGdEB4mEyvzi0e2nbcmcyA=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.15-0.20190919025122-fc70bd9a86b5/go.mod h1:tTuCMEN+UleMWgg9dVx4Hu52b1bJo+59jBh3ajtinzw=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.6 h1:ZfF0+zZeYdzMIVMZHKtDKJvLHj76XCuVae/jNkjj0IA=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.6/go.mod h1:Op3hHsoHPAvb6lceZHDtd9OkTew38wNoXnJs8iY7rUg=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20191101173118-65519b62243c h1:YMP6olTU903X3gxQJckdmiP8/zkSMq4kN3uipsU9XjU=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20191101173118-65519b62243c/go.mod h1:7xhjOwRV2+0HXGmM0jxaEu+ZiXJFoVZOTfL/dmqbrD8=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7 h1:ptnOoufxGSzauVTsdE+wMYnCWA301PdoN4xg5oRdZpg=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7/go.mod h1:OHd7sQqRFrYd3RmSgbgji+ctCwkbq2wbEYNSzOYtcBQ=
-github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v0.0.0-20170623195520-56545f4a5d46/go.mod h1:3wb06e3pkSAbeQ52E9H9iFoQsEEwGN64994WTCIhntQ=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.0.0/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.1/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20160726150825-5bd2802263f2/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.9 h1:VrfodqvztU8YSOvygU+DN1BGaSGxmrNfqOv5oOuX2Bk=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.9/go.mod h1:5692vkUqntj1idxauYlpoINNKeqCiG6Sg38RRsjT5y8=
+github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1 h1:MnEK4VOv6n0RSY4vtRe3h11qjxL3+t0B8yOL8iMXdcM=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1/go.mod h1:2Tkkvm3sRDVXaiyucHiACn4cqf7DpdyLvmxzcbUokwA=
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@@ -34,124 +21,74 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KWe93zE9D1o94FZ5RNwFwVgaQK1VOXiVxmqh+CedLV8=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/blang/semver v3.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:kRBLl5iJ+tD4TcOOxsy/0fnwebNt5EWlYSAyrTnjyyk=
-github.com/blang/semver v3.5.0+incompatible h1:CGxCgetQ64DKk7rdZ++Vfnb1+ogGNnB17OJKJXD2Cfs=
-github.com/blang/semver v3.5.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:kRBLl5iJ+tD4TcOOxsy/0fnwebNt5EWlYSAyrTnjyyk=
+github.com/blang/semver v3.5.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:kRBLl5iJ+tD4TcOOxsy/0fnwebNt5EWlYSAyrTnjyyk=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0/go.mod h1:XrSqR1VqqWfGrhpAt58auRo0WTKS1nRRg3ghfAqPWnc=
+github.com/checkpoint-restore/go-criu/v4 v4.0.2/go.mod h1:xUQBLp4RLc5zJtWY++yjOoMoB5lihDt7fai+75m+rGw=
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+github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.0.0-20200507155900-a9f01edf17e3/go.mod h1:XT+cAw5wfvsodedcijoh1l9cf7v1x9FlFB/3VmF/O8s=
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hack/make/test-integration

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ bundle_test_integration() {
 
 # subshell so that we can export PATH without breaking other things
 (
-	make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
+	make bin/skopeo ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
 	make install
 	bundle_test_integration
 ) 2>&1

hack/make/test-system

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ sed -i \
     /etc/containers/storage.conf
 
 # Build skopeo, install into /usr/bin
-make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
+make bin/skopeo ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
 make install
 
 # Run tests

hack/travis_osx.sh

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ go version
 GO111MODULE=off go get -u github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man golang.org/x/lint/golint
 
 cd ${_containers}/skopeo
-make validate-local test-unit-local binary-local
+make validate-local test-unit-local bin/skopeo
 sudo make install
 skopeo -v

install.md

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# Installing from packages
+
+`skopeo` may already be packaged in your distribution, for example on
+RHEL/CentOS ≥ 8 or Fedora you can install it using:
+
+```sh
+$ sudo dnf install skopeo
+```
+
+on RHEL/CentOS ≤ 7.x:
+
+```sh
+$ sudo yum install skopeo
+```
+
+for openSUSE:
+
+```sh
+$ sudo zypper install skopeo
+```
+
+on alpine:
+
+```sh
+$ sudo apk add skopeo
+```
+
+on macOS:
+
+```sh
+$ brew install skopeo
+```
+
+Debian (10 and newer including Raspbian) and Ubuntu (18.04 and newer): Packages
+are available via the [Kubic][0] project repositories:
+
+[0]: https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable
+
+```bash
+# Debian Unstable/Sid:
+$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Debian_Unstable/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Debian_Unstable/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+```
+
+```bash
+# Debian Testing:
+$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Debian_Testing/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Debian_Testing/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+```
+
+```bash
+# Debian 10:
+$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Debian_10/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Debian_10/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+```
+
+```bash
+# Raspbian 10:
+$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Raspbian_10/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Raspbian_10/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+```
+
+```bash
+# Ubuntu (18.04, 19.04 and 19.10):
+$ . /etc/os-release
+$ sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/x${NAME}_${VERSION_ID}/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list"
+$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/x${NAME}_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+```
+
+```bash
+$ sudo apt-get update -qq
+$ sudo apt-get install skopeo
+```
+
+Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
+
+To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.12.
+
+There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a
+container. Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.
+
+### Building without a container
+
+Building without a container requires a bit more manual work and setup in your
+environment, but it is more flexible:
+
+- It should work in more environments (e.g. for native macOS builds)
+- It does not require root privileges (after dependencies are installed)
+- It is faster, therefore more convenient for developing `skopeo`.
+
+Install the necessary dependencies:
+
+```bash
+# Fedora:
+$ sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel
+```
+
+```bash
+# Ubuntu (`libbtrfs-dev` requires Ubuntu 18.10 and above):
+$ sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev
+```
+
+```bash
+# macOS:
+$ brew install gpgme
+```
+
+```bash
+# openSUSE:
+$ sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
+```
+
+Make sure to clone this repository in your `GOPATH` - otherwise compilation fails.
+
+```bash
+$ git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make bin/skopeo
+```
+
+### Building in a container
+
+Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:
+
+- It requires the `podman` command and the ability to run Linux containers
+- The created executable is a Linux executable, and depends on dynamic libraries
+  which may only be available only in a container of a similar Linux
+  distribution.
+
+```bash
+$ make binary # Or (make all) to also build documentation, see below.
+```
+
+### Building documentation
+
+To build the manual you will need go-md2man.
+
+```bash
+# Debian:
+$ sudo apt-get install go-md2man
+```
+
+```
+# Fedora:
+$ sudo dnf install go-md2man
+```
+
+Then
+
+```bash
+$ make docs
+```
+
+### Installation
+
+Finally, after the binary and documentation is built:
+
+```bash
+$ sudo make install
+```

integration/check_test.go

@@ -30,18 +30,11 @@ type SkopeoSuite struct {
 func (s *SkopeoSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 	_, err := exec.LookPath(skopeoBinary)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-}
-
-func (s *SkopeoSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
-
-}
-
-func (s *SkopeoSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
 	s.regV2 = setupRegistryV2At(c, privateRegistryURL0, false, false)
 	s.regV2WithAuth = setupRegistryV2At(c, privateRegistryURL1, true, false)
 }
 
-func (s *SkopeoSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
 	if s.regV2 != nil {
 		s.regV2.Close()
 	}
@@ -71,7 +64,7 @@ func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestNeedAuthToPrivateRegistryV2WithoutDockerCfg(c *check.C
 }
 
 func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCertDirInsteadOfCertPath(c *check.C) {
-	wanted := ".*flag provided but not defined: -cert-path.*"
+	wanted := ".*unknown flag: --cert-path.*"
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url), "--cert-path=/")
 	wanted = ".*unauthorized: authentication required.*"
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url), "--cert-dir=/etc/docker/certs.d/")
@@ -91,3 +84,30 @@ func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestNoNeedAuthToPrivateRegistryV2ImageNotFound(c *check.C)
 func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestInspectFailsWhenReferenceIsInvalid(c *check.C) {
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*Invalid image name.*`, "inspect", "unknown")
 }
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestLoginLogout(c *check.C) {
+	wanted := "^Login Succeeded!\n$"
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "login", "--tls-verify=false", "--username="+s.regV2WithAuth.username, "--password="+s.regV2WithAuth.password, s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	// test --get-login returns username
+	wanted = fmt.Sprintf("^%s\n$", s.regV2WithAuth.username)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "login", "--tls-verify=false", "--get-login", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	// test logout
+	wanted = fmt.Sprintf("^Removed login credentials for %s\n$", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "logout", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopyWithLocalAuth(c *check.C) {
+	wanted := "^Login Succeeded!\n$"
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "login", "--tls-verify=false", "--username="+s.regV2WithAuth.username, "--password="+s.regV2WithAuth.password, s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	// copy to private registry using local authentication
+	imageName := fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:mine", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest", imageName)
+	// inspec from private registry
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "inspect", "--tls-verify=false", imageName)
+	// logout from the registry
+	wanted = fmt.Sprintf("^Removed login credentials for %s\n$", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "logout", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
+	// inspect from private registry should fail after logout
+	wanted = ".*unauthorized: authentication required.*"
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "inspect", "--tls-verify=false", imageName)
+}

integration/copy_test.go

@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyFailsWhenImageOSDoesntMatchRuntimeOS(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(storage)
 	storage = fmt.Sprintf("[vfs@%s/root+%s/runroot]", storage, storage)
-	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*no image found in manifest list for architecture .*, OS .*`, "copy", knownWindowsOnlyImage, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test")
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*no image found in manifest list for architecture .*, variant .*, OS .*`, "copy", knownWindowsOnlyImage, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test")
 }
 
 func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySucceedsWhenImageDoesntMatchRuntimeButWeOverride(c *check.C) {
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySimpleAtomicRegistry(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir2)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	// "pull": docker: → dir:
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:amd64", "dir:"+dir1)
 	// "push": dir: → atomic:
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySimple(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir2)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	// "pull": docker: → dir:
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox", "dir:"+dir1)
 	// "push": dir: → docker(v2s2):
@@ -553,6 +553,15 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyEncryption(c *check.C) {
 	defer os.RemoveAll(keysDir)
 	undecryptedImgDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-5")
 	defer os.RemoveAll(undecryptedImgDir)
+	multiLayerImageDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-6")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(multiLayerImageDir)
+	partiallyEncryptedImgDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-7")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(partiallyEncryptedImgDir)
+	partiallyDecryptedImgDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-8")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(partiallyDecryptedImgDir)
 
 	// Create RSA key pair
 	privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 4096)
@@ -577,7 +586,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyEncryption(c *check.C) {
 		"oci:"+encryptedImgDir+":encrypted", "oci:"+decryptedImgDir+":decrypted")
 
 	// Copy a standard busybox image locally
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox", "oci:"+originalImageDir+":latest")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox:1.31.1", "oci:"+originalImageDir+":latest")
 
 	// Encrypt the image
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--encryption-key",
@@ -597,7 +606,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyEncryption(c *check.C) {
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "oci:"+encryptedImgDir+":encrypted", "oci:"+undecryptedImgDir+":encrypted")
 	// Original busybox image has gzipped layers. But encrypted busybox layers should
 	// not be of gzip type
-	matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c, undecryptedImgDir+"/blobs/sha256", "application/x-gzip", false)
+	matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c, undecryptedImgDir+"/blobs/sha256", "application/x-gzip", 0)
 
 	// Decrypt the image
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--decryption-key", keysDir+"/private.key",
@@ -605,13 +614,32 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyEncryption(c *check.C) {
 
 	// After successful decryption we should find the gzipped layer from the
 	// busybox image
-	matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c, decryptedImgDir+"/blobs/sha256", "application/x-gzip", true)
+	matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c, decryptedImgDir+"/blobs/sha256", "application/x-gzip", 1)
+
+	// Copy a standard multi layer nginx image locally
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://nginx:1.17.8", "oci:"+multiLayerImageDir+":latest")
+
+	// Partially encrypt the image
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--encryption-key", "jwe:"+keysDir+"/public.key",
+		"--encrypt-layer", "1", "oci:"+multiLayerImageDir+":latest", "oci:"+partiallyEncryptedImgDir+":encrypted")
+
+	// Since the image is partially encrypted we should find layers that aren't encrypted
+	matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c, partiallyEncryptedImgDir+"/blobs/sha256", "application/x-gzip", 2)
+
+	// Decrypt the partially encrypted image
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--decryption-key", keysDir+"/private.key",
+		"oci:"+partiallyEncryptedImgDir+":encrypted", "oci:"+partiallyDecryptedImgDir+":decrypted")
+
+	// After successful decryption we should find the gzipped layers from the nginx image
+	matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c, partiallyDecryptedImgDir+"/blobs/sha256", "application/x-gzip", 3)
+
 }
 
-func matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c *check.C, ociImageDirPath string, contentType string, shouldMatch bool) {
+func matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c *check.C, ociImageDirPath string, contentType string, matchCount int) {
 	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(ociImageDirPath)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	blobFound := false
+
+	foundCount := 0
 	for _, f := range files {
 		fileContent, err := os.Open(ociImageDirPath + "/" + f.Name())
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -619,13 +647,11 @@ func matchLayerBlobBinaryType(c *check.C, ociImageDirPath string, contentType st
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 		if layerContentType == contentType {
-			blobFound = true
-			break
+			foundCount = foundCount + 1
 		}
 	}
 
-	c.Assert(blobFound, check.Equals, shouldMatch)
-
+	c.Assert(foundCount, check.Equals, matchCount)
 }
 
 func getFileContentType(out *os.File) (string, error) {
@@ -694,7 +720,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyStreaming(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir2)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	// streaming: docker: → atomic:
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:amd64", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/unsigned:streaming")
 	// Compare (copies of) the original and the copy:
@@ -1029,7 +1055,7 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyAtomicExtension(c *check.C) {
 
 	// Get another image (different so that they don't share signatures, and sign it using docker://)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir,
-		"copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", "docker://estesp/busybox:ppc64le", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:extension")
+		"copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", "docker://estesp/busybox:ppc64le", "docker://localhost:5000/myns/extension:extension")
 	c.Logf("%s", combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "oc", "get", "istag", "extension:extension", "-o", "json"))
 	// Pulling the image using atomic: succeeds.
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--debug", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy,
@@ -1041,6 +1067,67 @@ func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyAtomicExtension(c *check.C) {
 	assertDirImagesAreEqual(c, filepath.Join(topDir, "dirDA"), filepath.Join(topDir, "dirDD"))
 }
 
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyVerifyingMirroredSignatures(c *check.C) {
+	const regPrefix = "docker://localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-"
+
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil { // FIXME? Test that verification and policy enforcement works, using signatures from fixtures
+		c.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Signing not supported: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "mirrored-signatures") // FIXME: Will this be used?
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+	registriesDir := filepath.Join(topDir, "registries.d") // An empty directory to disable sigstore use
+	dirDest := "dir:" + filepath.Join(topDir, "unused-dest")
+
+	policy := fileFromFixture(c, "fixtures/policy.json", map[string]string{"@keydir@": s.gpgHome})
+	defer os.Remove(policy)
+
+	// We use X-R-S-S for this testing to avoid having to deal with the sigstores.
+	// A downside is that OpenShift records signatures per image, so the error messages below
+	// list all signatures for other tags used for the same image as well.
+	// So, make sure to never create a signature that could be considered valid in a different part of the test (i.e. don't reuse tags).
+
+	// Get an image to work with.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://busybox", regPrefix+"primary:unsigned")
+	// Verify that unsigned images are rejected
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: A signature was required, but no signature exists.*",
+		"--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:unsigned", dirDest)
+	// Sign the image for the primary location
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", regPrefix+"primary:unsigned", regPrefix+"primary:direct")
+	// Verify that a correctly signed image in the primary location is usable.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:direct", dirDest)
+
+	// Sign the image for the mirror
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", regPrefix+"primary:unsigned", regPrefix+"mirror:mirror-signed")
+	// Verify that a correctly signed image for the mirror is accessible using the mirror's reference
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"mirror:mirror-signed", dirDest)
+	// … but verify that while it is accessible using the primary location redirecting to the mirror, …
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "" /* no --policy */, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:mirror-signed", dirDest)
+	// … verify it is NOT accessible when requiring a signature.
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed is not accepted.*",
+		"--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:mirror-signed", dirDest)
+
+	// Create a signature for mirroring-primary:primary-signed without pushing there. This should be easier than using standalone-sign.
+	signingDir := filepath.Join(topDir, "signing-temp")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:unsigned", "dir:"+signingDir)
+	c.Logf("%s", combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "ls", "-laR", signingDir))
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "^$", "standalone-sign", "-o", filepath.Join(signingDir, "signature-1"),
+		filepath.Join(signingDir, "manifest.json"), "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:primary-signed", "personal@example.com")
+	c.Logf("%s", combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "ls", "-laR", signingDir))
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "dir:"+signingDir, regPrefix+"mirror:primary-signed")
+	// Verify that a correctly signed image for the primary is accessible using the primary's reference
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:primary-signed", dirDest)
+	// … but verify that while it is accessible using the mirror location
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "" /* no --policy */, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"mirror:primary-signed", dirDest)
+	// … verify it is NOT accessible when requiring a signature.
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:primary-signed is not accepted.*",
+		"--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"mirror:primary-signed", dirDest)
+}
+
 func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopySrcWithAuth(c *check.C) {
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--dest-creds=testuser:testpassword", "docker://busybox", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
 	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-1")

integration/fixtures/policy.json

@@ -20,6 +20,20 @@
                     "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
                 }
             ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
             "docker.io/openshift": [
                 {
                     "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"

integration/fixtures/registries.conf

@@ -26,3 +26,9 @@ mirror = [
     { location = "wrong-mirror-0.invalid" },
     { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
 ]
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror"},
+]

integration/openshift_shell_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ to start a container, then within the container:
 	SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 PS1='nested> ' go test -tags openshift_shell -timeout=24h ./integration -v -check.v -check.vv -check.f='CopySuite.TestRunShell'
 
 An example of what can be done within the container:
-	cd ..; make binary-local install
+	cd ..; make bin/skopeo install
 	./skopeo --tls-verify=false  copy --sign-by=personal@example.com docker://busybox:latest atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:personal
 	oc get istag personal:personal -o json
 	curl -L -v 'http://localhost:5000/v2/'

integration/sync_test.go

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirTagged(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	image := "busybox:latest"
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirTagged(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestScoped(c *check.C) {
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	image := "busybox:latest"
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestScoped(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestDirIsNotOverwritten(c *check.C) {
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	image := "busybox:latest"
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirUntagged(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	image := "alpine"
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -255,6 +255,40 @@ docker.io:
 	c.Assert(nManifests, check.Equals, len(tags))
 }
 
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlRegex2Dir(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
+
+	yamlConfig := `
+docker.io:
+  images-by-tag-regex:
+    nginx: ^1\.13\.[12]-alpine-perl$  # regex string test
+`
+	// the       ↑    regex strings always matches only 2 images
+	var nTags = 2
+	c.Assert(nTags, check.Not(check.Equals), 0)
+
+	yamlFile := path.Join(tmpDir, "registries.yaml")
+	ioutil.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
+
+	nManifests := 0
+	err = filepath.Walk(dir1, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !info.IsDir() && info.Name() == "manifest.json" {
+			nManifests++
+			return filepath.SkipDir
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(nManifests, check.Equals, nTags)
+}
+
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestYaml2Dir(c *check.C) {
 	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -270,7 +304,6 @@ docker.io:
     alpine:
       - edge
       - 3.8
-
     opensuse/leap:
       - latest
 
@@ -317,7 +350,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlTLSVerify(c *check.C) {
 	image := "busybox"
 	tag := "latest"
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	// copy docker => docker
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://"+image+":"+tag, localRegURL+image+":"+tag)
 
@@ -370,7 +403,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	image := "busybox:latest"
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -403,7 +436,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDir2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	image := "busybox:latest"
 
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")

nix/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{ system ? builtins.currentSystem }:
+let
+  pkgs = (import ./nixpkgs.nix {
+    config = {
+      packageOverrides = pkg: {
+        gpgme = (static pkg.gpgme);
+        libassuan = (static pkg.libassuan);
+        libgpgerror = (static pkg.libgpgerror);
+        libseccomp = (static pkg.libseccomp);
+        glib = (static pkg.glib).overrideAttrs(x: {
+          outputs = [ "bin" "out" "dev" ];
+          mesonFlags = [
+            "-Ddefault_library=static"
+            "-Ddevbindir=${placeholder ''dev''}/bin"
+            "-Dgtk_doc=false"
+            "-Dnls=disabled"
+          ];
+        });
+      };
+    };
+  });
+
+  static = pkg: pkg.overrideAttrs(x: {
+    doCheck = false;
+    configureFlags = (x.configureFlags or []) ++ [
+      "--without-shared"
+      "--disable-shared"
+    ];
+    dontDisableStatic = true;
+    enableSharedExecutables = false;
+    enableStatic = true;
+  });
+
+  self = with pkgs; buildGoModule rec {
+    name = "skopeo";
+    src = ./..;
+    vendorSha256 = null;
+    doCheck = false;
+    enableParallelBuilding = true;
+    outputs = [ "out" ];
+    nativeBuildInputs = [ bash git go-md2man installShellFiles makeWrapper pkg-config which ];
+    buildInputs = [ glibc glibc.static gpgme libassuan libgpgerror libseccomp ];
+    prePatch = ''
+      export CFLAGS='-static'
+      export LDFLAGS='-s -w -static-libgcc -static'
+      export EXTRA_LDFLAGS='-s -w -linkmode external -extldflags "-static -lm"'
+      export BUILDTAGS='static netgo exclude_graphdriver_btrfs exclude_graphdriver_devicemapper'
+    '';
+    buildPhase = ''
+      patchShebangs .
+      make bin/skopeo
+    '';
+    installPhase = ''
+      install -Dm755 bin/skopeo $out/bin/skopeo
+    '';
+  };
+in self

nix/nixpkgs.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "url": "https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs",
+  "rev": "d5a689edda8219a1e20fd3871174b994cf0a94a3",
+  "date": "2020-09-13T01:58:20+02:00",
+  "sha256": "0m6nmi1fx0glfbg52kqdjgidxylk4p5xnx9v35wlsfi1j2xhkia4",
+  "fetchSubmodules": false
+}

nix/nixpkgs.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+let
+  json = builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile ./nixpkgs.json);
+  nixpkgs = import (builtins.fetchTarball {
+    name = "nixos-unstable";
+    url = "${json.url}/archive/${json.rev}.tar.gz";
+    inherit (json) sha256;
+  });
+in nixpkgs

systemtest/010-inspect.bats

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ END_EXPECT
     #    1) Get remote image values of environment variables (the value of 'Env')
     #    2) Confirm substring in check_array and the value of 'Env' match.
     check_array=(PATH=.* )
-    remote=$(echo "$inspect_remote" | jq '.Env[]')
+    remote=$(jq '.Env[]' <<<"$inspect_remote")
     for substr in ${check_array[@]}; do
         expect_output --from="$remote" --substring "$substr"
     done
@@ -87,7 +87,16 @@ END_EXPECT
     #    1) Get current platform arch
     #    2) Inspect container image is different from current platform arch
     #    3) Compare output w/ expected result
-    arch=$(podman info --format '{{.host.arch}}')
+
+    # Here we see a revolting workaround for a podman incompatibility
+    # change: in April 2020, podman info completely changed format
+    # of the keys. What worked until then now throws an error. We
+    # need to work with both old and new podman.
+    arch=$(podman info --format '{{.host.arch}}' || true)
+    if [[ -z "$arch" ]]; then
+        arch=$(podman info --format '{{.Host.Arch}}')
+    fi
+
     case $arch in
         "amd64")
             diff_arch_list="s390x ppc64le"
@@ -106,10 +115,8 @@ END_EXPECT
     for arch in $diff_arch_list; do
         remote_image=docker://docker.io/$arch/golang
         run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --raw $remote_image
-        remote=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.manifests[0]["platform"]')
-        expect=$(echo "{\"architecture\":\"$arch\",\"os\":\"linux\"}" | jq)
-        expect_output --from="$remote" --substring "$expect" \
-                  "platform arch is not expected"
+        remote_arch=$(jq -r '.manifests[0]["platform"]["architecture"]' <<< "$output")
+        expect_output --from="$remote_arch" "$arch" "platform arch of $remote_image"
     done
 }
 

systemtest/020-copy.bats

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function setup() {
 # From remote, to dir1, to local, to dir2;
 # compare dir1 and dir2, expect no changes
 @test "copy: dir, round trip" {
-    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
     local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 
     local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # Same as above, but using 'oci:' instead of 'dir:' and with a :latest tag
 @test "copy: oci, round trip" {
-    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
     local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 
     local dir1=$TESTDIR/oci1
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # Compression zstd
 @test "copy: oci, round trip, zstd" {
-    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
 
     local dir=$TESTDIR/dir
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # Same image, extracted once with :tag and once without
 @test "copy: oci w/ and w/o tags" {
-    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
 
     local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
     local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2

systemtest/030-local-registry-tls.bats

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function setup() {
 @test "local registry, with cert" {
     # Push to local registry...
     run_skopeo copy --dest-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
-               docker://busybox:latest \
+               docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 
     # ...and pull it back out

systemtest/040-local-registry-auth.bats

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ function setup() {
 
     # These should pass
     run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false --dcreds=$testuser:$testpassword \
-               docker://busybox:latest docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+               docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@ function setup() {
     podman login --tls-verify=false -u $testuser -p $testpassword localhost:5000
 
     run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
-               docker://busybox:latest docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+               docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
 

systemtest/050-signing.bats

@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ END_POLICY_JSON
     fi
 
     # Cache local copy
-    run_skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
+    run_skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
 
     # Push a bunch of images. Do so *without* --policy flag; this lets us
     # sign or not, creating images that will or won't conform to policy.

systemtest/060-delete.bats

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # delete image from registry
 @test "delete: remove image from registry" {
-    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
     local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
     local output=
 

systemtest/helpers.bash

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ SKOPEO_BINARY=${SKOPEO_BINARY:-$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE})/../skopeo}
 # Default timeout for a skopeo command.
 SKOPEO_TIMEOUT=${SKOPEO_TIMEOUT:-300}
 
+# Default image to run as a local registry
+REGISTRY_FQIN=${SKOPEO_TEST_REGISTRY_FQIN:-docker.io/library/registry:2}
+
 ###############################################################################
 # BEGIN setup/teardown
 
@@ -288,9 +291,21 @@ start_registry() {
         reg_args+=( -e REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true)
     fi
 
+    # TODO: This is TEMPORARY (as of 2020-03-30); remove once crun is fixed.
+    # Skopeo PR #836 claims there's a "regression" in crun with cgroupsv1,
+    # but offers no details about what it is (crun issue nor PR) nor when/if
+    # it's fixed. It's simply a workaround, forcing podman to use runc,
+    # which might work great for skopeo CI but breaks Fedora gating tests.
+    # Instead of always forcing runc, do so only when under cgroups v1:
+    local runtime=
+    cgroup_type=$(stat -f -c %T /sys/fs/cgroup)
+    if [[ $cgroup_type == "tmpfs" ]]; then
+        runtime="--runtime runc"
+    fi
+
     # cgroup option necessary under podman-in-podman (CI tests),
     # and doesn't seem to do any harm otherwise.
-    PODMAN="podman --cgroup-manager=cgroupfs"
+    PODMAN="podman $runtime --cgroup-manager=cgroupfs"
 
     # Called with --testuser? Create an htpasswd file
     if [[ -n $testuser ]]; then
@@ -299,8 +314,7 @@ start_registry() {
         fi
 
         if ! egrep -q "^$testuser:" $AUTHDIR/htpasswd; then
-            log_and_run $PODMAN run --rm --entrypoint htpasswd registry:2 \
-                   -Bbn $testuser $testpassword >> $AUTHDIR/htpasswd
+            htpasswd -Bbn $testuser $testpassword >> $AUTHDIR/htpasswd
         fi
 
         reg_args+=(
@@ -332,7 +346,7 @@ start_registry() {
         log_and_run cp $CERT $TESTDIR/client-auth/
     fi
 
-    log_and_run $PODMAN run -d --name $name "${reg_args[@]}" registry:2
+    log_and_run $PODMAN run -d --name $name "${reg_args[@]}" $REGISTRY_FQIN
 
     # Wait for registry to actually come up
     timeout=10

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/vhd/vhd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// +build windows
+
+package vhd
+
+import "syscall"
+
+//go:generate go run mksyscall_windows.go -output zvhd.go vhd.go
+
+//sys createVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType *virtualStorageType, path string, virtualDiskAccessMask uint32, securityDescriptor *uintptr, flags uint32, providerSpecificFlags uint32, parameters *createVirtualDiskParameters, o *syscall.Overlapped, handle *syscall.Handle) (err error) [failretval != 0] = VirtDisk.CreateVirtualDisk
+//sys openVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType *virtualStorageType, path string, virtualDiskAccessMask uint32, flags uint32, parameters *openVirtualDiskParameters, handle *syscall.Handle) (err error) [failretval != 0] = VirtDisk.OpenVirtualDisk
+//sys detachVirtualDisk(handle syscall.Handle, flags uint32, providerSpecificFlags uint32) (err error) [failretval != 0] = VirtDisk.DetachVirtualDisk
+
+type virtualStorageType struct {
+	DeviceID uint32
+	VendorID [16]byte
+}
+
+type (
+	createVirtualDiskFlag uint32
+	VirtualDiskAccessMask uint32
+	VirtualDiskFlag       uint32
+)
+
+const (
+	// Flags for creating a VHD (not exported)
+	createVirtualDiskFlagNone                        createVirtualDiskFlag = 0
+	createVirtualDiskFlagFullPhysicalAllocation      createVirtualDiskFlag = 1
+	createVirtualDiskFlagPreventWritesToSourceDisk   createVirtualDiskFlag = 2
+	createVirtualDiskFlagDoNotCopyMetadataFromParent createVirtualDiskFlag = 4
+
+	// Access Mask for opening a VHD
+	VirtualDiskAccessNone     VirtualDiskAccessMask = 0
+	VirtualDiskAccessAttachRO VirtualDiskAccessMask = 65536
+	VirtualDiskAccessAttachRW VirtualDiskAccessMask = 131072
+	VirtualDiskAccessDetach   VirtualDiskAccessMask = 262144
+	VirtualDiskAccessGetInfo  VirtualDiskAccessMask = 524288
+	VirtualDiskAccessCreate   VirtualDiskAccessMask = 1048576
+	VirtualDiskAccessMetaOps  VirtualDiskAccessMask = 2097152
+	VirtualDiskAccessRead     VirtualDiskAccessMask = 851968
+	VirtualDiskAccessAll      VirtualDiskAccessMask = 4128768
+	VirtualDiskAccessWritable VirtualDiskAccessMask = 3276800
+
+	// Flags for opening a VHD
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagNone                        VirtualDiskFlag = 0
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagNoParents                   VirtualDiskFlag = 0x1
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagBlankFile                   VirtualDiskFlag = 0x2
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagBootDrive                   VirtualDiskFlag = 0x4
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagCachedIO                    VirtualDiskFlag = 0x8
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagCustomDiffChain             VirtualDiskFlag = 0x10
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagParentCachedIO              VirtualDiskFlag = 0x20
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagVhdSetFileOnly              VirtualDiskFlag = 0x40
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagIgnoreRelativeParentLocator VirtualDiskFlag = 0x80
+	OpenVirtualDiskFlagNoWriteHardening            VirtualDiskFlag = 0x100
+)
+
+type createVersion2 struct {
+	UniqueID                 [16]byte // GUID
+	MaximumSize              uint64
+	BlockSizeInBytes         uint32
+	SectorSizeInBytes        uint32
+	ParentPath               *uint16 // string
+	SourcePath               *uint16 // string
+	OpenFlags                uint32
+	ParentVirtualStorageType virtualStorageType
+	SourceVirtualStorageType virtualStorageType
+	ResiliencyGUID           [16]byte // GUID
+}
+
+type createVirtualDiskParameters struct {
+	Version  uint32 // Must always be set to 2
+	Version2 createVersion2
+}
+
+type openVersion2 struct {
+	GetInfoOnly    int32    // bool but 4-byte aligned
+	ReadOnly       int32    // bool but 4-byte aligned
+	ResiliencyGUID [16]byte // GUID
+}
+
+type openVirtualDiskParameters struct {
+	Version  uint32 // Must always be set to 2
+	Version2 openVersion2
+}
+
+// CreateVhdx will create a simple vhdx file at the given path using default values.
+func CreateVhdx(path string, maxSizeInGb, blockSizeInMb uint32) error {
+	var (
+		defaultType virtualStorageType
+		handle      syscall.Handle
+	)
+
+	parameters := createVirtualDiskParameters{
+		Version: 2,
+		Version2: createVersion2{
+			MaximumSize:      uint64(maxSizeInGb) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
+			BlockSizeInBytes: blockSizeInMb * 1024 * 1024,
+		},
+	}
+
+	if err := createVirtualDisk(
+		&defaultType,
+		path,
+		uint32(VirtualDiskAccessNone),
+		nil,
+		uint32(createVirtualDiskFlagNone),
+		0,
+		&parameters,
+		nil,
+		&handle); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := syscall.CloseHandle(handle); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DetachVhd detaches a mounted container layer vhd found at `path`.
+func DetachVhd(path string) error {
+	handle, err := OpenVirtualDisk(
+		path,
+		VirtualDiskAccessNone,
+		OpenVirtualDiskFlagCachedIO|OpenVirtualDiskFlagIgnoreRelativeParentLocator)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer syscall.CloseHandle(handle)
+	return detachVirtualDisk(handle, 0, 0)
+}
+
+// OpenVirtualDisk obtains a handle to a VHD opened with supplied access mask and flags.
+func OpenVirtualDisk(path string, accessMask VirtualDiskAccessMask, flag VirtualDiskFlag) (syscall.Handle, error) {
+	var (
+		defaultType virtualStorageType
+		handle      syscall.Handle
+	)
+	parameters := openVirtualDiskParameters{Version: 2}
+	if err := openVirtualDisk(
+		&defaultType,
+		path,
+		uint32(accessMask),
+		uint32(flag),
+		&parameters,
+		&handle); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return handle, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/vhd/zvhd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// MACHINE GENERATED BY 'go generate' COMMAND; DO NOT EDIT
+
+package vhd
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+var _ unsafe.Pointer
+
+// Do the interface allocations only once for common
+// Errno values.
+const (
+	errnoERROR_IO_PENDING = 997
+)
+
+var (
+	errERROR_IO_PENDING error = syscall.Errno(errnoERROR_IO_PENDING)
+)
+
+// errnoErr returns common boxed Errno values, to prevent
+// allocations at runtime.
+func errnoErr(e syscall.Errno) error {
+	switch e {
+	case 0:
+		return nil
+	case errnoERROR_IO_PENDING:
+		return errERROR_IO_PENDING
+	}
+	// TODO: add more here, after collecting data on the common
+	// error values see on Windows. (perhaps when running
+	// all.bat?)
+	return e
+}
+
+var (
+	modVirtDisk = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("VirtDisk.dll")
+
+	procCreateVirtualDisk = modVirtDisk.NewProc("CreateVirtualDisk")
+	procOpenVirtualDisk   = modVirtDisk.NewProc("OpenVirtualDisk")
+	procDetachVirtualDisk = modVirtDisk.NewProc("DetachVirtualDisk")
+)
+
+func createVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType *virtualStorageType, path string, virtualDiskAccessMask uint32, securityDescriptor *uintptr, flags uint32, providerSpecificFlags uint32, parameters *createVirtualDiskParameters, o *syscall.Overlapped, handle *syscall.Handle) (err error) {
+	var _p0 *uint16
+	_p0, err = syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return _createVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType, _p0, virtualDiskAccessMask, securityDescriptor, flags, providerSpecificFlags, parameters, o, handle)
+}
+
+func _createVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType *virtualStorageType, path *uint16, virtualDiskAccessMask uint32, securityDescriptor *uintptr, flags uint32, providerSpecificFlags uint32, parameters *createVirtualDiskParameters, o *syscall.Overlapped, handle *syscall.Handle) (err error) {
+	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall9(procCreateVirtualDisk.Addr(), 9, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(virtualStorageType)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(path)), uintptr(virtualDiskAccessMask), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(securityDescriptor)), uintptr(flags), uintptr(providerSpecificFlags), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(parameters)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(o)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(handle)))
+	if r1 != 0 {
+		if e1 != 0 {
+			err = errnoErr(e1)
+		} else {
+			err = syscall.EINVAL
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func openVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType *virtualStorageType, path string, virtualDiskAccessMask uint32, flags uint32, parameters *openVirtualDiskParameters, handle *syscall.Handle) (err error) {
+	var _p0 *uint16
+	_p0, err = syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return _openVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType, _p0, virtualDiskAccessMask, flags, parameters, handle)
+}
+
+func _openVirtualDisk(virtualStorageType *virtualStorageType, path *uint16, virtualDiskAccessMask uint32, flags uint32, parameters *openVirtualDiskParameters, handle *syscall.Handle) (err error) {
+	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(procOpenVirtualDisk.Addr(), 6, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(virtualStorageType)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(path)), uintptr(virtualDiskAccessMask), uintptr(flags), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(parameters)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(handle)))
+	if r1 != 0 {
+		if e1 != 0 {
+			err = errnoErr(e1)
+		} else {
+			err = syscall.EINVAL
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func detachVirtualDisk(handle syscall.Handle, flags uint32, providerSpecificFlags uint32) (err error) {
+	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall(procDetachVirtualDisk.Addr(), 3, uintptr(handle), uintptr(flags), uintptr(providerSpecificFlags))
+	if r1 != 0 {
+		if e1 != 0 {
+			err = errnoErr(e1)
+		} else {
+			err = syscall.EINVAL
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* @microsoft/containerplat
+
+/hcn/* @nagiesek

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/nbcw28mnkqml0loa/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/WindowsVirtualization/hcsshim/branch/master)
 
-This package contains the Golang interface for using the Windows [Host Compute Service](https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/virtualization/2017/01/27/introducing-the-host-compute-service-hcs/) (HCS) to launch and manage [Windows Containers](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/about/). It also contains other helpers and functions for managing Windows Containers such as the Golang interface for the Host Network Service (HNS).
+This package contains the Golang interface for using the Windows [Host Compute Service](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/containers/introducing-the-host-compute-service-hcs/ba-p/382332) (HCS) to launch and manage [Windows Containers](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/about/). It also contains other helpers and functions for managing Windows Containers such as the Golang interface for the Host Network Service (HNS).
 
 It is primarily used in the [Moby Project](https://github.com/moby/moby), but it can be freely used by other projects as well.
 
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether y
 a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment). Simply follow the instructions
 provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.
 
+We also ask that contributors [sign their commits](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) using `git commit -s` or `git commit --signoff` to certify they either authored the work themselves or otherwise have permission to use it in this project. 
+
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
 This project has adopted the [Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct/).
 For more information see the [Code of Conduct FAQ](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct/faq/) or
 contact [opencode@microsoft.com](mailto:opencode@microsoft.com) with any additional questions or comments.

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/appveyor.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ clone_folder: c:\gopath\src\github.com\Microsoft\hcsshim
 
 environment:
   GOPATH: c:\gopath
-  PATH: C:\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev1\mingw64\bin;%GOPATH%\bin;C:\gometalinter-2.0.12-windows-amd64;%PATH%
+  PATH: "%GOPATH%\\bin;C:\\gometalinter-2.0.12-windows-amd64;%PATH%"
 
 stack: go 1.13.4
 
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ build_script:
   - go build ./internal/tools/uvmboot
   - go build ./internal/tools/zapdir
   - go test -v ./... -tags admin
-  - go test -c ./test/containerd-shim-runhcs-v1/ -tags functional
-  - go test -c ./test/cri-containerd/ -tags functional
-  - go test -c ./test/functional/ -tags functional
-  - go test -c ./test/runhcs/ -tags functional
+  - cd test
+  - go test -v ./internal -tags admin
+  - go test -c ./containerd-shim-runhcs-v1/ -tags functional
+  - go test -c ./cri-containerd/ -tags functional
+  - go test -c ./functional/ -tags functional
+  - go test -c ./runhcs/ -tags functional
 
 artifacts:
   - path: 'containerd-shim-runhcs-v1.exe'
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ artifacts:
   - path: 'grantvmgroupaccess.exe'  
   - path: 'uvmboot.exe'
   - path: 'zapdir.exe'
-  - path: 'containerd-shim-runhcs-v1.test.exe'
-  - path: 'cri-containerd.test.exe'
-  - path: 'functional.test.exe'
-  - path: 'runhcs.test.exe'
+  - path: './test/containerd-shim-runhcs-v1.test.exe'
+  - path: './test/cri-containerd.test.exe'
+  - path: './test/functional.test.exe'
+  - path: './test/runhcs.test.exe'

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/go.mod

@@ -4,34 +4,32 @@ go 1.13
 
 require (
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.15-0.20190919025122-fc70bd9a86b5
-	github.com/blang/semver v3.1.0+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20190919134610-bf292b21730f
 	github.com/containerd/console v0.0.0-20180822173158-c12b1e7919c1
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.0-beta.2.0.20190828155532-0293cbd26c69
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2
 	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190426062206-aaeac12a7ffc // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190226154929-a9fb20d87448 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/go-runc v0.0.0-20180907222934-5a6d9f37cfa3
 	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v0.0.0-20190828154514-0e0f228740de
 	github.com/containerd/typeurl v0.0.0-20180627222232-a93fcdb778cd
-	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.2.1
-	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v0.0.0-20141028054710-7554cd9344ce // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v0.0.0-20161216184304-ed905158d874 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.1
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v0.0.0-20180430190053-c9281466c8b2 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/runc v0.0.0-20190115041553-12f6a991201f // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v0.1.2-0.20190507144316-5b71a03e2700
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.0.0-20181011054405-1d69bd0f9c39
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.1
-	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20170704070218-db04d3cc01c8 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20180125133057-cb4147076ac7 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.2
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/urfave/cli v0.0.0-20171014202726-7bc6a0acffa5
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v0.0.0-20180618132009-1d523034197f // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.22.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190227155943-e225da77a7e6
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191004110552-13f9640d40b9 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190916202348-b4ddaad3f8a3
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.1
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190502173448-54afdca5d873 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.1
+	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
 	gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
-	k8s.io/kubernetes v1.13.0
 )

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/go.sum

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.15-0.20190919025122-fc70bd9a86b5 h1:ygIc8M6trr62pF5DucadTWGdEB4mEyvzi0e2nbcmcyA=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.15-0.20190919025122-fc70bd9a86b5/go.mod h1:tTuCMEN+UleMWgg9dVx4Hu52b1bJo+59jBh3ajtinzw=
-github.com/blang/semver v3.1.0+incompatible h1:7hqmJYuaEK3qwVjWubYiht3j93YI0WQBuysxHIfUriU=
-github.com/blang/semver v3.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:kRBLl5iJ+tD4TcOOxsy/0fnwebNt5EWlYSAyrTnjyyk=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20190919134610-bf292b21730f h1:tSNMc+rJDfmYntojat8lljbt1mgKNpTxUZJsSzJ9Y1s=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20190919134610-bf292b21730f/go.mod h1:OApqhQ4XNSNC13gXIwDjhOQxjWa/NxkwZXJ1EvqT0ko=
 github.com/containerd/console v0.0.0-20180822173158-c12b1e7919c1 h1:uict5mhHFTzKLUCufdSLym7z/J0CbBJT59lYbP9wtbg=
 github.com/containerd/console v0.0.0-20180822173158-c12b1e7919c1/go.mod h1:Tj/on1eG8kiEhd0+fhSDzsPAFESxzBBvdyEgyryXffw=
-github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.0-beta.2.0.20190828155532-0293cbd26c69 h1:rG1clvJbgsUcmb50J82YUJhUMopWNtZvyMZjb+4fqGw=
-github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.0-beta.2.0.20190828155532-0293cbd26c69/go.mod h1:bC6axHOhabU15QhwfG7w5PipXdVtMXFTttgp+kVtyUA=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2 h1:ForxmXkA6tPIvffbrDAcPUIB32QgXkt2XFj+F0UxetA=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2/go.mod h1:bC6axHOhabU15QhwfG7w5PipXdVtMXFTttgp+kVtyUA=
 github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190426062206-aaeac12a7ffc h1:TP+534wVlf61smEIq1nwLLAjQVEK2EADoW3CX9AuT+8=
 github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190426062206-aaeac12a7ffc/go.mod h1:GL3xCUCBDV3CZiTSEKksMWbLE66hEyuu9qyDOOqM47Y=
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@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ github.com/containerd/typeurl v0.0.0-20180627222232-a93fcdb778cd h1:JNn81o/xG+8N
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@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ github.com/godbus/dbus v0.0.0-20190422162347-ade71ed3457e h1:BWhy2j3IXJhjCbC68Fp
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@@ -38,47 +40,47 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0 h1:P3YflyNX/ehuJFLhxviNdFxQPkGK5cDcApsge1SqnvM
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@@ -93,15 +95,19 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190311183353-d8887717615a h1:oWX7TPOiFAMXLq8o0ikBYfCJV
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@@ -112,20 +118,32 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.2 h1:tW2bmiBqwgJj/UpqtC8EpXEZVYOwU0yG4iWbprSVAcs=
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 google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.1/go.mod h1:10oTOabMzJvdu6/UiuZezV6QK5dSlG84ov/aaiqXj38=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.1 h1:q4XQuHFC6I28BKZpo6IYyb3mNO+l7lSOxRuYTCiDfXk=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.1/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:qIbj1fsPNlZgppZ+VLlY7N33q108Sa+fhmuc+sWQYwY=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2 h1:ZCJp+EgiOT7lHqUV2J862kp8Qj64Jo6az82+3Td9dZw=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8 h1:obN1ZagJSUGI0Ek/LBmuj4SNLPfIny3KsKFopxRdj10=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible h1:VsBPFP1AI068pPrMxtb/S8Zkgf9xEmTLJjfM+P5UIEo=
 gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:DsYFclhRJ6vuDpmuTbkuFWG+y2sxOXAzmJt81HFBacw=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-k8s.io/kubernetes v1.13.0 h1:qTfB+u5M92k2fCCCVP2iuhgwwSOv1EkAkvQY1tQODD8=
-k8s.io/kubernetes v1.13.0/go.mod h1:ocZa8+6APFNC2tX1DZASIbocyYT5jHzqFVsY5aoB7Jk=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/hnspolicy.go

@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ const (
 	OutboundNat          = hns.OutboundNat
 	ExternalLoadBalancer = hns.ExternalLoadBalancer
 	Route                = hns.Route
+	Proxy                = hns.Proxy
 )
 
+type ProxyPolicy = hns.ProxyPolicy
+
 type NatPolicy = hns.NatPolicy
 
 type QosPolicy = hns.QosPolicy

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcs/cgo.go

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package hcs
-
-import "C"
-
-// This import is needed to make the library compile as CGO because HCSSHIM
-// only works with CGO due to callbacks from HCS comming back from a C thread
-// which is not supported without CGO. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/10973

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcs/syscall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package hcs
+
+//go:generate go run ../../mksyscall_windows.go -output zsyscall_windows.go syscall.go
+
+//sys hcsFormatWritableLayerVhd(handle uintptr) (hr error) = computestorage.HcsFormatWritableLayerVhd

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcs/system.go

@@ -4,12 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/cow"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/log"
@@ -21,27 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
-// currentContainerStarts is used to limit the number of concurrent container
-// starts.
-var currentContainerStarts containerStarts
-
-type containerStarts struct {
-	maxParallel int
-	inProgress  int
-	sync.Mutex
-}
-
-func init() {
-	mpsS := os.Getenv("HCSSHIM_MAX_PARALLEL_START")
-	if len(mpsS) > 0 {
-		mpsI, err := strconv.Atoi(mpsS)
-		if err != nil || mpsI < 0 {
-			return
-		}
-		currentContainerStarts.maxParallel = mpsI
-	}
-}
-
 type System struct {
 	handleLock     sync.RWMutex
 	handle         vmcompute.HcsSystem
@@ -215,32 +191,6 @@ func (computeSystem *System) Start(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return makeSystemError(computeSystem, operation, "", ErrAlreadyClosed, nil)
 	}
 
-	// This is a very simple backoff-retry loop to limit the number
-	// of parallel container starts if environment variable
-	// HCSSHIM_MAX_PARALLEL_START is set to a positive integer.
-	// It should generally only be used as a workaround to various
-	// platform issues that exist between RS1 and RS4 as of Aug 2018
-	if currentContainerStarts.maxParallel > 0 {
-		for {
-			currentContainerStarts.Lock()
-			if currentContainerStarts.inProgress < currentContainerStarts.maxParallel {
-				currentContainerStarts.inProgress++
-				currentContainerStarts.Unlock()
-				break
-			}
-			if currentContainerStarts.inProgress == currentContainerStarts.maxParallel {
-				currentContainerStarts.Unlock()
-				time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-			}
-		}
-		// Make sure we decrement the count when we are done.
-		defer func() {
-			currentContainerStarts.Lock()
-			currentContainerStarts.inProgress--
-			currentContainerStarts.Unlock()
-		}()
-	}
-
 	resultJSON, err := vmcompute.HcsStartComputeSystem(ctx, computeSystem.handle, "")
 	events, err := processAsyncHcsResult(ctx, err, resultJSON, computeSystem.callbackNumber, hcsNotificationSystemStartCompleted, &timeout.SystemStart)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcs/utils.go

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 package hcs
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
+	diskutil "github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/vhd"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
 // makeOpenFiles calls winio.MakeOpenFile for each handle in a slice but closes all the handles
@@ -31,3 +35,27 @@ func makeOpenFiles(hs []syscall.Handle) (_ []io.ReadWriteCloser, err error) {
 	}
 	return fs, nil
 }
+
+// creates a VHD formatted with NTFS of size `sizeGB` at the given `vhdPath`.
+func CreateNTFSVHD(ctx context.Context, vhdPath string, sizeGB uint32) (err error) {
+	if err := diskutil.CreateVhdx(vhdPath, sizeGB, 1); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create VHD")
+	}
+
+	vhd, err := diskutil.OpenVirtualDisk(vhdPath, diskutil.VirtualDiskAccessNone, diskutil.OpenVirtualDiskFlagNone)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to open VHD")
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		err2 := windows.CloseHandle(windows.Handle(vhd))
+		if err == nil {
+			err = errors.Wrap(err2, "failed to close VHD")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := hcsFormatWritableLayerVhd(uintptr(vhd)); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to format VHD")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcs/zsyscall_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Code generated mksyscall_windows.exe DO NOT EDIT
+
+package hcs
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+var _ unsafe.Pointer
+
+// Do the interface allocations only once for common
+// Errno values.
+const (
+	errnoERROR_IO_PENDING = 997
+)
+
+var (
+	errERROR_IO_PENDING error = syscall.Errno(errnoERROR_IO_PENDING)
+)
+
+// errnoErr returns common boxed Errno values, to prevent
+// allocations at runtime.
+func errnoErr(e syscall.Errno) error {
+	switch e {
+	case 0:
+		return nil
+	case errnoERROR_IO_PENDING:
+		return errERROR_IO_PENDING
+	}
+	// TODO: add more here, after collecting data on the common
+	// error values see on Windows. (perhaps when running
+	// all.bat?)
+	return e
+}
+
+var (
+	modcomputestorage = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("computestorage.dll")
+
+	procHcsFormatWritableLayerVhd = modcomputestorage.NewProc("HcsFormatWritableLayerVhd")
+)
+
+func hcsFormatWritableLayerVhd(handle uintptr) (hr error) {
+	r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall(procHcsFormatWritableLayerVhd.Addr(), 1, uintptr(handle), 0, 0)
+	if int32(r0) < 0 {
+		if r0&0x1fff0000 == 0x00070000 {
+			r0 &= 0xffff
+		}
+		hr = syscall.Errno(r0)
+	}
+	return
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hns/hnsendpoint.go

@@ -173,6 +173,27 @@ func (endpoint *HNSEndpoint) ApplyACLPolicy(policies ...*ACLPolicy) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// ApplyProxyPolicy applies a set of Proxy Policies on the Endpoint
+func (endpoint *HNSEndpoint) ApplyProxyPolicy(policies ...*ProxyPolicy) error {
+	operation := "ApplyProxyPolicy"
+	title := "hcsshim::HNSEndpoint::" + operation
+	logrus.Debugf(title+" id=%s", endpoint.Id)
+
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if policy == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		jsonString, err := json.Marshal(policy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		endpoint.Policies = append(endpoint.Policies, jsonString)
+	}
+
+	_, err := endpoint.Update()
+	return err
+}
+
 // ContainerAttach attaches an endpoint to container
 func (endpoint *HNSEndpoint) ContainerAttach(containerID string, compartmentID uint16) error {
 	operation := "ContainerAttach"

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hns/hnspolicy.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ const (
 	OutboundNat          PolicyType = "OutBoundNAT"
 	ExternalLoadBalancer PolicyType = "ELB"
 	Route                PolicyType = "ROUTE"
+	Proxy                PolicyType = "PROXY"
 )
 
 type NatPolicy struct {
@@ -60,6 +61,15 @@ type OutboundNatPolicy struct {
 	Destinations []string `json:",omitempty"`
 }
 
+type ProxyPolicy struct {
+	Type          PolicyType `json:"Type"`
+	IP            string     `json:",omitempty"`
+	Port          string     `json:",omitempty"`
+	ExceptionList []string   `json:",omitempty"`
+	Destination   string     `json:",omitempty"`
+	OutboundNat   bool       `json:",omitempty"`
+}
+
 type ActionType string
 type DirectionType string
 type RuleType string

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/schema1/schema1.go

@@ -214,9 +214,10 @@ type MappedVirtualDiskController struct {
 
 // GuestDefinedCapabilities is part of the GuestConnectionInfo returned by a GuestConnection call on a utility VM
 type GuestDefinedCapabilities struct {
-	NamespaceAddRequestSupported bool `json:",omitempty"`
-	SignalProcessSupported       bool `json:",omitempty"`
-	DumpStacksSupported          bool `json:",omitempty"`
+	NamespaceAddRequestSupported  bool `json:",omitempty"`
+	SignalProcessSupported        bool `json:",omitempty"`
+	DumpStacksSupported           bool `json:",omitempty"`
+	DeleteContainerStateSupported bool `json:",omitempty"`
 }
 
 // GuestConnectionInfo is the structure of an iterm return by a GuestConnection call on a utility VM

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/schema2/devices.go

@@ -39,4 +39,8 @@ type Devices struct {
 	FlexibleIov map[string]FlexibleIoDevice `json:"FlexibleIov,omitempty"`
 
 	SharedMemory *SharedMemoryConfiguration `json:"SharedMemory,omitempty"`
+
+	// TODO: This is pre-release support in schema 2.3. Need to add build number
+	// docs when a public build with this is out.
+	VirtualPci map[string]VirtualPciDevice `json:",omitempty"`
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/schema2/memory_2.go

@@ -27,4 +27,23 @@ type Memory2 struct {
 	// to the VM, allowing it to trim non-zeroed pages from the working set (if supported by
 	// the guest operating system).
 	EnableColdDiscardHint bool `json:"EnableColdDiscardHint,omitempty"`
+
+	// LowMmioGapInMB is the low MMIO region allocated below 4GB.
+	//
+	// TODO: This is pre-release support in schema 2.3. Need to add build number
+	// docs when a public build with this is out.
+	LowMMIOGapInMB uint64 `json:"LowMmioGapInMB,omitempty"`
+
+	// HighMmioBaseInMB is the high MMIO region allocated above 4GB (base and
+	// size).
+	//
+	// TODO: This is pre-release support in schema 2.3. Need to add build number
+	// docs when a public build with this is out.
+	HighMMIOBaseInMB uint64 `json:"HighMmioBaseInMB,omitempty"`
+
+	// HighMmioGapInMB is the high MMIO region.
+	//
+	// TODO: This is pre-release support in schema 2.3. Need to add build number
+	// docs when a public build with this is out.
+	HighMMIOGapInMB uint64 `json:"HighMmioGapInMB,omitempty"`
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/schema2/virtual_pci_device.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * HCS API
+ *
+ * No description provided (generated by Swagger Codegen https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-codegen)
+ *
+ * API version: 2.3
+ * Generated by: Swagger Codegen (https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-codegen.git)
+ */
+
+package hcsschema
+
+// TODO: This is pre-release support in schema 2.3. Need to add build number
+// docs when a public build with this is out.
+type VirtualPciDevice struct {
+	Functions []VirtualPciFunction `json:",omitempty"`
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/schema2/virtual_pci_function.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * HCS API
+ *
+ * No description provided (generated by Swagger Codegen https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-codegen)
+ *
+ * API version: 2.3
+ * Generated by: Swagger Codegen (https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-codegen.git)
+ */
+
+package hcsschema
+
+// TODO: This is pre-release support in schema 2.3. Need to add build number
+// docs when a public build with this is out.
+type VirtualPciFunction struct {
+	DeviceInstancePath string `json:",omitempty"`
+
+	VirtualFunction uint16 `json:",omitempty"`
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/activatelayer.go

@@ -1,28 +1,23 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // ActivateLayer will find the layer with the given id and mount it's filesystem.
 // For a read/write layer, the mounted filesystem will appear as a volume on the
 // host, while a read-only layer is generally expected to be a no-op.
 // An activated layer must later be deactivated via DeactivateLayer.
-func ActivateLayer(path string) (err error) {
+func ActivateLayer(ctx context.Context, path string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::ActivateLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("path", path))
 
 	err = activateLayer(&stdDriverInfo, path)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/baselayer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -8,10 +9,15 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/safefile"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 type baseLayerWriter struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	s   *trace.Span
+
 	root         *os.File
 	f            *os.File
 	bw           *winio.BackupFileWriter
@@ -136,12 +142,15 @@ func (w *baseLayerWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func (w *baseLayerWriter) Close() error {
+func (w *baseLayerWriter) Close() (err error) {
+	defer w.s.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(w.s, err) }()
 	defer func() {
 		w.root.Close()
 		w.root = nil
 	}()
-	err := w.closeCurrentFile()
+
+	err = w.closeCurrentFile()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -153,7 +162,7 @@ func (w *baseLayerWriter) Close() error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		err = ProcessBaseLayer(w.root.Name())
+		err = ProcessBaseLayer(w.ctx, w.root.Name())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -163,7 +172,7 @@ func (w *baseLayerWriter) Close() error {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			err = ProcessUtilityVMImage(filepath.Join(w.root.Name(), "UtilityVM"))
+			err = ProcessUtilityVMImage(w.ctx, filepath.Join(w.root.Name(), "UtilityVM"))
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/createlayer.go

@@ -1,27 +1,23 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // CreateLayer creates a new, empty, read-only layer on the filesystem based on
 // the parent layer provided.
-func CreateLayer(path, parent string) (err error) {
+func CreateLayer(ctx context.Context, path, parent string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::CreateLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"parent": parent,
-		"path":   path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.StringAttribute("parent", parent))
 
 	err = createLayer(&stdDriverInfo, path, parent)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/createscratchlayer.go

@@ -1,31 +1,29 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // CreateScratchLayer creates and populates new read-write layer for use by a container.
 // This requires both the id of the direct parent layer, as well as the full list
 // of paths to all parent layers up to the base (and including the direct parent
 // whose id was provided).
-func CreateScratchLayer(path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (err error) {
+func CreateScratchLayer(ctx context.Context, path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::CreateScratchLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.StringAttribute("parentLayerPaths", strings.Join(parentLayerPaths, ", ")))
 
 	// Generate layer descriptors
-	layers, err := layerPathsToDescriptors(parentLayerPaths)
+	layers, err := layerPathsToDescriptors(ctx, parentLayerPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/deactivatelayer.go

@@ -1,25 +1,20 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // DeactivateLayer will dismount a layer that was mounted via ActivateLayer.
-func DeactivateLayer(path string) (err error) {
+func DeactivateLayer(ctx context.Context, path string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::DeactivateLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("path", path))
 
 	err = deactivateLayer(&stdDriverInfo, path)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/destroylayer.go

@@ -1,26 +1,21 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // DestroyLayer will remove the on-disk files representing the layer with the given
 // path, including that layer's containing folder, if any.
-func DestroyLayer(path string) (err error) {
+func DestroyLayer(ctx context.Context, path string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::DestroyLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("path", path))
 
 	err = destroyLayer(&stdDriverInfo, path)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/expandscratchsize.go

@@ -1,32 +1,27 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/osversion"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // ExpandScratchSize expands the size of a layer to at least size bytes.
-func ExpandScratchSize(path string, size uint64) (err error) {
+func ExpandScratchSize(ctx context.Context, path string, size uint64) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::ExpandScratchSize"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-		"size": size,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.Int64Attribute("size", int64(size)))
 
 	err = expandSandboxSize(&stdDriverInfo, path, size)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -36,7 +31,7 @@ func ExpandScratchSize(path string, size uint64) (err error) {
 	// Manually expand the volume now in order to work around bugs in 19H1 and
 	// prerelease versions of Vb. Remove once this is fixed in Windows.
 	if build := osversion.Get().Build; build >= osversion.V19H1 && build < 19020 {
-		err = expandSandboxVolume(path)
+		err = expandSandboxVolume(ctx, path)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -84,7 +79,7 @@ func attachVhd(path string) (syscall.Handle, error) {
 	return handle, nil
 }
 
-func expandSandboxVolume(path string) error {
+func expandSandboxVolume(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
 	// Mount the sandbox VHD temporarily.
 	vhdPath := filepath.Join(path, "sandbox.vhdx")
 	vhd, err := attachVhd(vhdPath)
@@ -94,7 +89,7 @@ func expandSandboxVolume(path string) error {
 	defer syscall.Close(vhd)
 
 	// Open the volume.
-	volumePath, err := GetLayerMountPath(path)
+	volumePath, err := GetLayerMountPath(ctx, path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/exportlayer.go

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // ExportLayer will create a folder at exportFolderPath and fill that folder with
@@ -14,24 +17,18 @@ import (
 // format includes any metadata required for later importing the layer (using
 // ImportLayer), and requires the full list of parent layer paths in order to
 // perform the export.
-func ExportLayer(path string, exportFolderPath string, parentLayerPaths []string) (err error) {
+func ExportLayer(ctx context.Context, path string, exportFolderPath string, parentLayerPaths []string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::ExportLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path":             path,
-		"exportFolderPath": exportFolderPath,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.StringAttribute("exportFolderPath", exportFolderPath),
+		trace.StringAttribute("parentLayerPaths", strings.Join(parentLayerPaths, ", ")))
 
 	// Generate layer descriptors
-	layers, err := layerPathsToDescriptors(parentLayerPaths)
+	layers, err := layerPathsToDescriptors(ctx, parentLayerPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -52,25 +49,46 @@ type LayerReader interface {
 // NewLayerReader returns a new layer reader for reading the contents of an on-disk layer.
 // The caller must have taken the SeBackupPrivilege privilege
 // to call this and any methods on the resulting LayerReader.
-func NewLayerReader(path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (LayerReader, error) {
+func NewLayerReader(ctx context.Context, path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (_ LayerReader, err error) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "hcsshim::NewLayerReader")
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err)
+			span.End()
+		}
+	}()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.StringAttribute("parentLayerPaths", strings.Join(parentLayerPaths, ", ")))
+
 	exportPath, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "hcs")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = ExportLayer(path, exportPath, parentLayerPaths)
+	err = ExportLayer(ctx, path, exportPath, parentLayerPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		os.RemoveAll(exportPath)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &legacyLayerReaderWrapper{newLegacyLayerReader(exportPath)}, nil
+	return &legacyLayerReaderWrapper{
+		ctx:               ctx,
+		s:                 span,
+		legacyLayerReader: newLegacyLayerReader(exportPath),
+	}, nil
 }
 
 type legacyLayerReaderWrapper struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	s   *trace.Span
+
 	*legacyLayerReader
 }
 
-func (r *legacyLayerReaderWrapper) Close() error {
-	err := r.legacyLayerReader.Close()
+func (r *legacyLayerReaderWrapper) Close() (err error) {
+	defer r.s.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(r.s, err) }()
+
+	err = r.legacyLayerReader.Close()
 	os.RemoveAll(r.root)
 	return err
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/getlayermountpath.go

@@ -1,36 +1,31 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/log"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // GetLayerMountPath will look for a mounted layer with the given path and return
 // the path at which that layer can be accessed.  This path may be a volume path
 // if the layer is a mounted read-write layer, otherwise it is expected to be the
 // folder path at which the layer is stored.
-func GetLayerMountPath(path string) (_ string, err error) {
+func GetLayerMountPath(ctx context.Context, path string) (_ string, err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::GetLayerMountPath"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("path", path))
 
 	var mountPathLength uintptr
 	mountPathLength = 0
 
 	// Call the procedure itself.
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug("Calling proc (1)")
+	log.G(ctx).Debug("Calling proc (1)")
 	err = getLayerMountPath(&stdDriverInfo, path, &mountPathLength, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", hcserror.New(err, title+" - failed", "(first call)")
@@ -44,13 +39,13 @@ func GetLayerMountPath(path string) (_ string, err error) {
 	mountPathp[0] = 0
 
 	// Call the procedure again
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug("Calling proc (2)")
+	log.G(ctx).Debug("Calling proc (2)")
 	err = getLayerMountPath(&stdDriverInfo, path, &mountPathLength, &mountPathp[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", hcserror.New(err, title+" - failed", "(second call)")
 	}
 
 	mountPath := syscall.UTF16ToString(mountPathp[0:])
-	fields["mountPath"] = mountPath
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("mountPath", mountPath))
 	return mountPath, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/getsharedbaseimages.go

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/interop"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // GetSharedBaseImages will enumerate the images stored in the common central
 // image store and return descriptive info about those images for the purpose
 // of registering them with the graphdriver, graph, and tagstore.
-func GetSharedBaseImages() (imageData string, err error) {
+func GetSharedBaseImages(ctx context.Context) (_ string, err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::GetSharedBaseImages"
-	logrus.Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.WithError(err).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithField("imageData", imageData).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
 
 	var buffer *uint16
 	err = getBaseImages(&buffer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", hcserror.New(err, title+" - failed", "")
 	}
-	return interop.ConvertAndFreeCoTaskMemString(buffer), nil
+	imageData := interop.ConvertAndFreeCoTaskMemString(buffer)
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("imageData", imageData))
+	return imageData, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/grantvmaccess.go

@@ -1,26 +1,22 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // GrantVmAccess adds access to a file for a given VM
-func GrantVmAccess(vmid string, filepath string) (err error) {
+func GrantVmAccess(ctx context.Context, vmid string, filepath string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::GrantVmAccess"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"vm-id": vmid,
-		"path":  filepath,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("vm-id", vmid),
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", filepath))
 
 	err = grantVmAccess(vmid, filepath)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/importlayer.go

@@ -1,38 +1,35 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/safefile"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // ImportLayer will take the contents of the folder at importFolderPath and import
 // that into a layer with the id layerId.  Note that in order to correctly populate
 // the layer and interperet the transport format, all parent layers must already
 // be present on the system at the paths provided in parentLayerPaths.
-func ImportLayer(path string, importFolderPath string, parentLayerPaths []string) (err error) {
+func ImportLayer(ctx context.Context, path string, importFolderPath string, parentLayerPaths []string) (err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::ImportLayer"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path":             path,
-		"importFolderPath": importFolderPath,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.StringAttribute("importFolderPath", importFolderPath),
+		trace.StringAttribute("parentLayerPaths", strings.Join(parentLayerPaths, ", ")))
 
 	// Generate layer descriptors
-	layers, err := layerPathsToDescriptors(parentLayerPaths)
+	layers, err := layerPathsToDescriptors(ctx, parentLayerPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -60,20 +57,26 @@ type LayerWriter interface {
 }
 
 type legacyLayerWriterWrapper struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	s   *trace.Span
+
 	*legacyLayerWriter
 	path             string
 	parentLayerPaths []string
 }
 
-func (r *legacyLayerWriterWrapper) Close() error {
+func (r *legacyLayerWriterWrapper) Close() (err error) {
+	defer r.s.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(r.s, err) }()
 	defer os.RemoveAll(r.root.Name())
 	defer r.legacyLayerWriter.CloseRoots()
-	err := r.legacyLayerWriter.Close()
+
+	err = r.legacyLayerWriter.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err = ImportLayer(r.destRoot.Name(), r.path, r.parentLayerPaths); err != nil {
+	if err = ImportLayer(r.ctx, r.destRoot.Name(), r.path, r.parentLayerPaths); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, name := range r.Tombstones {
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ func (r *legacyLayerWriterWrapper) Close() error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = ProcessUtilityVMImage(filepath.Join(r.destRoot.Name(), "UtilityVM"))
+		err = ProcessUtilityVMImage(r.ctx, filepath.Join(r.destRoot.Name(), "UtilityVM"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -107,7 +110,18 @@ func (r *legacyLayerWriterWrapper) Close() error {
 // NewLayerWriter returns a new layer writer for creating a layer on disk.
 // The caller must have taken the SeBackupPrivilege and SeRestorePrivilege privileges
 // to call this and any methods on the resulting LayerWriter.
-func NewLayerWriter(path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (LayerWriter, error) {
+func NewLayerWriter(ctx context.Context, path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (_ LayerWriter, err error) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "hcsshim::NewLayerWriter")
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err)
+			span.End()
+		}
+	}()
+	span.AddAttributes(
+		trace.StringAttribute("path", path),
+		trace.StringAttribute("parentLayerPaths", strings.Join(parentLayerPaths, ", ")))
+
 	if len(parentLayerPaths) == 0 {
 		// This is a base layer. It gets imported differently.
 		f, err := safefile.OpenRoot(path)
@@ -115,6 +129,8 @@ func NewLayerWriter(path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (LayerWriter, error)
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return &baseLayerWriter{
+			ctx:  ctx,
+			s:    span,
 			root: f,
 		}, nil
 	}
@@ -128,6 +144,8 @@ func NewLayerWriter(path string, parentLayerPaths []string) (LayerWriter, error)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &legacyLayerWriterWrapper{
+		ctx:               ctx,
+		s:                 span,
 		legacyLayerWriter: w,
 		path:              importPath,
 		parentLayerPaths:  parentLayerPaths,

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/layerexists.go

@@ -1,26 +1,21 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/hcserror"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // LayerExists will return true if a layer with the given id exists and is known
 // to the system.
-func LayerExists(path string) (_ bool, err error) {
+func LayerExists(ctx context.Context, path string) (_ bool, err error) {
 	title := "hcsshim::LayerExists"
-	fields := logrus.Fields{
-		"path": path,
-	}
-	logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title)
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			fields[logrus.ErrorKey] = err
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Error(err)
-		} else {
-			logrus.WithFields(fields).Debug(title + " - succeeded")
-		}
-	}()
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("path", path))
 
 	// Call the procedure itself.
 	var exists uint32
@@ -28,6 +23,6 @@ func LayerExists(path string) (_ bool, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, hcserror.New(err, title+" - failed", "")
 	}
-	fields["layer-exists"] = exists != 0
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.BoolAttribute("layer-exists", exists != 0))
 	return exists != 0, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/layerid.go

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 package wclayer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"path/filepath"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/pkg/guid"
+	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/oc"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
 
 // LayerID returns the layer ID of a layer on disk.
-func LayerID(path string) (guid.GUID, error) {
+func LayerID(ctx context.Context, path string) (_ guid.GUID, err error) {
+	title := "hcsshim::LayerID"
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, title)
+	defer span.End()
+	defer func() { oc.SetSpanStatus(span, err) }()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("path", path))
+
 	_, file := filepath.Split(path)
-	return NameToGuid(file)
+	return NameToGuid(ctx, file)
 }

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/internal/wclayer/layerutils.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package wclayer
 // functionality.
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/pkg/guid"
@@ -68,12 +69,12 @@ type WC_LAYER_DESCRIPTOR struct {
 	Pathp   *uint16
 }
 
-func layerPathsToDescriptors(parentLayerPaths []string) ([]WC_LAYER_DESCRIPTOR, error) {
+func layerPathsToDescriptors(ctx context.Context, parentLayerPaths []string) ([]WC_LAYER_DESCRIPTOR, error) {
 	// Array of descriptors that gets constructed.
 	var layers []WC_LAYER_DESCRIPTOR
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(parentLayerPaths); i++ {
-		g, err := LayerID(parentLayerPaths[i])
+		g, err := LayerID(ctx, parentLayerPaths[i])
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.WithError(err).Debug("Failed to convert name to guid")
 			return nil, err