skopeo

Please be aware skopeo is still work in progress

skopeo is a command line utility which is able to inspect a repository on a Docker registry and fetch images layers.
By inspect I mean it fetches the repository's manifest and it is able to show you a docker inspect-like json output about a whole repository or a tag. This tool, in contrast to docker inspect, helps you gather useful information about a repository or a tag before pulling it (using disk space) - e.g. - which tags are available for the given repository? which labels the image has?

Examples:

# show repository's labels of rhel7:latest
$ skopeo inspect docker://registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 | jq '.Config.Labels'
{
  "Architecture": "x86_64",
  "Authoritative_Registry": "registry.access.redhat.com",
  "BZComponent": "rhel-server-docker",
  "Build_Host": "rcm-img04.build.eng.bos.redhat.com",
  "Name": "rhel7/rhel",
  "Release": "38",
  "Vendor": "Red Hat, Inc.",
  "Version": "7.2"
}

# show repository's tags
$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora | jq '.RepoTags'
[
  "20",
  "21",
  "22",
  "23",
  "heisenbug",
  "latest",
  "rawhide"
]

# show image's digest
$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora:rawhide | jq '.Digest'
"sha256:905b4846938c8aef94f52f3e41a11398ae5b40f5855fb0e40ed9c157e721d7f8"

# show image's label "Name"
$ skopeo inspect docker://registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 | jq '.Config.Labels.Name'
"rhel7/rhel"

Private registries with authentication

When interacting with private registries, skopeo first looks for the Docker's cli config file (usually located at $HOME/.docker/config.json) to get the credentials needed to authenticate. When the file isn't available it falls back looking for --username and --password flags. The ultimate fallback, as Docker does, is to provide an empty authentication when interacting with those registries.

Examples:

# on my system
$ skopeo --help | grep docker-cfg
   --docker-cfg "/home/runcom/.docker"	Docker's cli config for auth

$ cat /home/runcom/.docker/config.json
{
	"auths": {
		"myregistrydomain.com:5000": {
			"auth": "dGVzdHVzZXI6dGVzdHBhc3N3b3Jk",
			"email": "stuf@ex.cm"
		}
	}
}

# we can see I'm already authenticated via docker login so everything will be fine
$ skopeo inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
{"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}

# let's try now to fake a non existent Docker's config file
$ skopeo --docker-cfg="" inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
FATA[0000] Get https://myregistrydomain.com:5000/v2/busybox/manifests/latest: no basic auth credentials

# passing --username and --password - we can see that everything goes fine
$ skopeo --docker-cfg="" --username=testuser --password=testpassword inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
{"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}

If your cli config is found but it doesn't contain the necessary credentials for the queried registry you'll get an error. You can fix this by either logging in (via docker login) or providing --username and --password. Building

To build skopeo you need at least Go 1.5 because it uses the latest GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT flag. Also, make sure to clone the repository in your GOPATH - otherwise compilation fails.

$ cd $GOPATH/src
$ mkdir -p github.com/projectatomic
$ cd projectatomic
$ git clone https://github.com/projectatomic/skopeo
$ cd skopeo && make binary

Man:

To build the man page you need go-md2man available on your system, then:

$ make man

Installing

If you built from source:

$ sudo make install

skopeo is also available from Fedora 23:

sudo dnf install skopeo

Tests

You need Docker installed on your system in order to run the test suite

$ make test-integration

TODO

• update README with layers command
• list all images on registry?
• registry v2 search?
• download layers in parallel and support docker load tar(s)
• show repo tags via flag or when reference isn't tagged or digested
• add tests (integration with deployed registries in container - Docker-like)
• support rkt/appc image spec

NOT TODO

• provide a format flag - just use the awesome jq

License

GPLv2