* add common fluentd command, let docker modify
Add a common fluentd command, and let docker operations modify bin dir
* Add abrt-action-sav(...) as a rpm program
https://linux.die.net/man/1/abrt-action-save-package-data
* Add etc writers for more ms-on-linux svcs
Microsoft SCX and Azure Network Watcher Agent.
* Let nginx write its own config.
* Let chef-managed gitlab write gitlab config
* Let docker container fsen outside of containers
The docker process can also be outside of a container when doing actions
like docker save, etc, so drop the docker requirement.
* Expand the set of haproxy configs.
Let the parent process also be haproxy_reload and add an additional
directory.
* Add an additional node-related file below /root
For node cli.
* Let adclient read sensitive files
Active Directory Client.
* Let mesos docker executor write shells
* Add additional privileged containers.
A few more openshift-related containers and datadog.
* Add a kafka admin command line as allowed shell
In this case, run by cassandra
* Add additional ignored root directories
gradle and crashlytics
* Add back mesos shell spawning binaries back
This list will be limited only to those binaries known to spawn
shells. Add mesos-slave/mesos-health-ch.
* Add addl trusted containers
Consul and mesos-slave.
* Add additional config writers for sosreport
Can also write files below /etc/pki/nssdb.
* Expand selinux config progs
Rename macro to selinux_writing_conf and add additional programs.
* Let rtvscand read sensitive files
Symantec av cli program.
* Let nginx-launch write its own certificates
Sometimes directly, sometimes by invoking openssl.
* Add addl haproxy config writers
Also allow the general prefix /etc/haproxy.
* Add additional root files.
Mongodb-related.
* Add additional rpm binaries
rpmdb_stat
* Let python running get-pip.py modify binary files
Used as a part of directly running get-pip.py.
* Let centrify scripts read sensitive files
Scripts start with /usr/share/centrifydc
* Let centrify progs write krb info
Specifically, adjoin and addns.
* Let ansible run below /root/.ansible
* Let ms oms-run progs manage users
The parent process is generally omsagent-<version> or scx-<version.
* Combine & expand omiagent/omsagent macros
Combine the two macros into a single ms_oms_writing_conf and add both
direct and parent binaries.
* Let python scripts rltd to ms oms write binaries
Python scripts below /var/lib/waagent.
* Let google accounts daemon modify users
Parent process is google_accounts(_daemon).
* Let update-rc.d modify files below /etc
* Let dhcp binaries write indirectly to etc
This allows them to run programs like sed, cp, etc.
* Add istio as a trusted container.
* Add addl user management progs
Related to post-install steps for systemd/udev.
* Let azure-related scripts write below etc
Directory is /etc/azure, scripts are below /var/lib/waagent.
* Let cockpit write its config
http://www.cockpit-project.org/
* Add openshift's cassandra as a trusted container
* Let ipsec write config
Related to strongswan (https://strongswan.org/).
* Let consul-template write to addl /etc files
It may spawn intermediate shells and write below /etc/ssl.
* Add openvpn-entrypo(int) as an openvpn program
Also allow subdirectories below /etc/openvpn.
* Add additional files/directories below /root
* Add cockpit-session as a sensitive file reader
* Add puppet macro back
Still used in some people's user rules files.
* Rename name= to program=
Some users pointed out that name= was ambiguous, especially when the
event includes files being acted upon. Change to program=.
* Also let omiagent run progs that write oms config
It can run things like python scripts.
* Allow writes below /root/.android
Add an example puppet module for falco. This module configures the main
falco configuration file /etc/falco/falco.yaml, providing templates for
all configuration options.
It installs falco using debian/rpm packages and installs/manages it as a
systemd service.
* Add option to exclude output property in json fmt
New falco.yaml option json_include_output_property controls where the
formatted string "output" is included in the json object when json
output is enabled. By default the string is included.
* Add tests for new json output option
New test sets json_include_output_property to false and then verifies
that the json output does *not* contain the surrounding text "Warning an
open...".
* Add the ability to validate multiple rules files
Allow multiple -V arguments just as we do with multiple -r arguments.
* With verbose output, print dangling macros/lists
Start tracking whether or not a given macro/list is actually used when
compiling the set of rules. Every macro/list has an attribute used,
which defaults to false and is set to true whenever it is referred to in
a macro/rule/list.
When run with -v, any macro/list that still has used=false results in a
warning message.
Also, it turns out the fix for
https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/197 wasn't being applied to
macros. Fix that.
* Let OMS agent for linux write config
Programs are omiagent/omsagent/PerformInventor/in_heartbeat_r* and files
are below /etc/opt/omi and /etc/opt/microsoft/omsagent.
* Handle really long classpath lines for cassandra
Some cassandra cmdlines are so long the classpath truncates the cmdline
before the actual entry class gets named. In those cases also look for
cassandra-specific config options.
* Let postgres binaries read sensitive files
Also add a couple of postgres cluster management programs.
* Add apt-add-reposit(ory) as a debian mgmt program
* Add addl info to debug writing sensitive files
Add parent/grandparent process info.
* Requrire root directory files to contain /
In some cases, a file below root might be detected but the file itself
has no directory component at all. This might be a bug with dropped
events. Make the test more strict by requiring that the file actually
contains a "/".
* Let updmap read sensitive files
Part of texlive (https://www.tug.org/texlive/)
* For selected rules, require proc name to exist
Some rules such as reading sensitive files and writing below etc have
many exceptions that depend on the process name. In very busy
environments, system call events might end up being dropped, which
causes the process name to be missing.
In these cases, we'll let the sensitive file read/write below etc to
occur. That's handled by a macro proc_name_exists, which ensures that
proc.name is not "<NA>" (the placeholder when it doesn't exist).
* Let ucf write generally below /etc
ucf is a general purpose config copying program, so let it generally
write below /etc, as long as it in turn is run by the apt program
"frontend".
* Add new conf writers for couchdb/texmf/slapadd
Each has specific subdirectories below /etc
* Let sed write to addl temp files below /etc
Let sed write to additional temporary files (some directory + "sed")
below /etc. All generally related to package installation scripts.
* Let rabbitmq(ctl) spawn limited shells
Let rabbitmq spawn limited shells that perform read-only tasks like
reading processes/ifaces.
Let rabbitmqctl generally spawn shells.
* Let redis run startup/shutdown scripts
Let redis run specific startup/shutdown scripts that trigger at
start/stop. They generally reside below /etc/redis, but just looking for
the names redis-server.{pre,post}-up in the commandline.
* Let erlexec spawn shells
https://github.com/saleyn/erlexec, "Execute and control OS processes
from Erlang/OTP."
* Handle updated trace files
As a part of these changes, we updated some of the positive trace files
to properly include a process name. These newer trace files have
additional opens, so update the expected event counts to match.
* Let yum-debug-dump write to rpm database
* Additional config writers
Symantec AV for Linux, sosreport, semodule (selinux), all with their
config files.
* Tidy up comments a bit.
* Try protecting node apps again
Try improving coverage of run shell untrusted by looking for shells
below node processes again. Want to see how many FPs this causes before
fully committing to it.
* Let node run directly by docker count as a service
Generally, we don't want to consider all uses of node as a service wrt
spawned shells. But we might be able to consider node run directly by
docker as a "service". So add that to protected_shell_spawner.
* Also add PM2 as a protected shell spawner
This should handle cases where PM2 manages node apps.
* Remove dangling macros/lists
Do a pass over the set of macros/lists, removing most of those that are
no longer referred to by any macro/list. The bulk of the macros/lists
were related to the rule Run Shell Untrusted, which was refactored to
only detect shells run below specific programs. With that change, many
of these exceptions were no longer neeeded.
* Add a "never_true" macro
Add a never_true macro that will never match any event. Useful if you
want to disable a rule/macro/etc.
* Add missing case to write_below_etc
Add the macro veritas_writing_config to write_below_etc, which was
mistakenly not added before.
* Make tracking shells spawned by node optional
The change to generally consider node run directly in a container as a
protected shell spawner was too permissive, causing false
positives. However, there are some deployments that want to track shells
spawned by node as suspect. To address this, create a macro
possibly_node_in_container which defaults to never matching (via the
never_true) macro. In a user rules file, you can override the macro to
remove the never_true clause, reverting to the old behavior.
* Add some dangling macros/lists back
Some macros/lists are still referred to by some widely used user rules
files, so add them back temporarily.
* Use kubernetes.default to reach k8s api server
Originally raised in #296, but since then we documented rbac and
without-rbac methods, so mirroring the change here.
* Mount docker socket/dev read-write
This matches the direct docker run commands, which also mount those
resources read-write.
* Add additional allowed files below root.
These are related to node.js apps.
* Let yum-config-mana(ger) write to rpm database.
* Let gugent write to (root) + GuestAgent.log
vRA7 Guest Agent writes to GuestAgent.log with a cwd of root.
* Let cron-start write to pam_env.conf
* Add additional root files and directories
All seen in legitimate cases.
* Let nginx run aws s3 cp
Possibly seen as a part of consul deployments and/or openresty.
* Add rule for disallowed ssh connections
New rule "Disallowed SSH Connection" detects ssh connection attempts
other than those allowed by the macro allowed_ssh_hosts. The default
version of the macro allows any ssh connection, so the rule never
triggers by default.
The macro could be overridden in a local/user rules file, though.
* Detect contacting NodePort svcs in containers
New rule "Unexpected K8s NodePort Connection" detects attempts to
contact K8s NodePort services (i.e. ports >=30000) from within
containers.
It requires overridding a macro nodeport_containers which specifies a
set of containers that are allowed to use these port ranges. By default
every container is allowed.
* Remove remaining fbash references.
No longer relevant after all the installer rules were removed.
* Detect contacting EC2 metadata svc from containers
Add a rule that detects attempts to contact the ec2 metadata service
from containers. By default, the rule does not trigger unless a list of
explicitly allowed containers is provided.
* Detect contacting K8S API Server from container
New rule "Contact K8S API Server From Container" looks for connections
to the K8s API Server. The ip/port for the K8s API Server is in the
macro k8s_api_server and contains an ip/port that's not likely to occur
in practice, so the rule is effectively disabled by default.
* Additional rpm writers, root directories
salt-minion can also touch the rpm database, and some node packages
write below /root/.config/configstore.
* Add smbd as a protected shell spawner.
It's a server-like program.
* Also handle .ash_history
default shell for alpine linux
* Add exceptions for veritas
Let many veritas programs write below /etc/vx.
Let one veritas-related perl script read sensitive files.
* Allow postgres to run wal-e
https://github.com/wal-e/wal-e, archiving program for postgres.
* Let consul (agent) run addl scripts
Also let consul (agent, but the distinction is in the command line args)
to run nc in addition to curl. Also rename the macro.
* Let postgres setuid to itself
Let postgres setuid to itself. Seen by archiving programs like wal-e.
* Also allow consul to run alert check scripts
"sh -c /bin/consul-alerts watch checks --alert-addr 0.0.0.0:9000 ..."
* Add additional privileged containers.
Openshift's logging support containers generally run privileged.
* Let addl progs write below /etc/lvm
Add lvcreate as a program that can write below /etc/lvm and rename the
macro to lvprogs_writing_lvm_archive.
* Let glide write below root
https://glide.sh/, package management for go.
* Let sosreport read sensitive files.
* Let scom server read sensitive files.
Microsoft System Center Operations Manager (SCOM).
* Let kube-router run privileged.
https://github.com/cloudnativelabs/kube-router
* Let needrestart_binaries spawns shells
Was included in prior version of shell rules, adding back.
* Let splunk spawn shells below /opt/splunkforwarder
* Add yum-cron as a rpm binary
* Add a different way to run denyhosts.
Strange that the program is denyhosts.py but observed in actual
environments.
* Let nrpe setuid to nagios.
* Also let postgres run wal-e wrt shells
Previously added as an exception for db program spawned process, need to
add as an exception for run shell untrusted.
* Remove installer shell-related rules
They aren't used that often and removing them cleans up space for new
rules we want to add soon.
* Let kubelet running loopback spawn shells
Seen by @JPLachance, thanks for the heads up!
* Let docker's "exe" broadly write to files.
As a part of some docker commands like "docker save", etc, the program
exe can write from files on the host filesystem /var/lib/docker/... to a
variety of files within the container.
Allow this via a macro exe_running_docker_save that checks the
commandline as well as the parent and use it as an exclusion for the
write below binary dir/root/etc rules.
* Let chef perform more tasks
- Let chef-client generally read sensitive files and write below /etc.
- Let python running a chef script yum-dump.py write the rpm database.
Rename user_known_container_shell_spawn_binaries to
user_known_shell_spawn_binaries (the container distinction doesn't exist
any longer) and add it as an exception for run shell untrusted.
That way others can easily exclude shell spawning programs in a second
rules file.
* Refactor shell rules to avoid FPs.
Refactoring the shell related rules to avoid FPs. Instead of considering
all shells suspicious and trying to carve out exceptions for the
legitimate uses of shells, only consider shells spawned below certain
processes suspicious.
The set of processes is a collection of commonly used web servers,
databases, nosql document stores, mail programs, message queues, process
monitors, application servers, etc.
Also, runsv is also considered a top level process that denotes a
service. This allows a way for more flexible servers like ad-hoc nodejs
express apps, etc to denote themselves as a full server process.
* Update event generator to reflect new shell rules
spawn_shell is now a silent action. its replacement is
spawn_shell_under_httpd, which respawns itself as httpd and then runs a
shell.
db_program_spawn_binaries now runs ls instead of a shell so it only
matches db_program_spawn_process.
* Comment out old shell related rules
* Modify nodejs example to work w/ new shell rules
Start the express server using runit's runsv, which allows falco to
consider any shells run by it as suspicious.
* Use the updated argument for mkdir
In https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/757 the path argument for mkdir
moved to the second argument. This only became visible in the unit tests
once the trace files were updated to reflect the other shell rule
changes--the trace files had the old format.
* Update unit tests for shell rules changes
Shell in container doesn't exist any longer and its functionality has
been subsumed by run shell untrusted.
* Allow git binaries to run shells
In some cases, these are run below a service runsv so we still need
exceptions for them.
* Let consul agent spawn curl for health checks
* Don't protect tomcat
There's enough evidence of people spawning general commands that we
can't protect it.
* Reorder exceptions, add rabbitmq exception
Move the nginx exception to the main rule instead of the
protected_shell_spawner macro. Also add erl_child_setup (related to
rabbitmq) as an allowed shell spawner.
* Add additional spawn binaries
All off these are either below nginx, httpd, or runsv but should still
be allowed to spawn shells.
* Exclude shells when ancestor is a pkg mgmt binary
Skip shells when any process ancestor (parent, gparent, etc) is a
package management binary. This includes the program needrestart. This
is a deep search but should prevent a lot of other more detailed
exceptions trying to find the specific scripts run as a part of
installations.
* Skip shells related to serf
Serf is a service discovery tool and can in some cases be spawned by
apache/nginx. Also allow shells that are just checking the status of
pids via kill -0.
* Add several exclusions back
Add several exclusions back from the shell in container rule. These are
all allowed shell spawns that happen to be below
nginx/fluentd/apache/etc.
* Remove commented-out rules
This saves space as well as cleanup. I haven't yet removed the
macros/lists used by these rules and not used anywhere else. I'll do
that cleanup in a separate step.
* Also exclude based on command lines
Add back the exclusions based on command lines, using the existing set
of command lines.
* Add addl exclusions for shells
Of note is runsv, which means it can directly run shells (the ./run and
./finish scripts), but the things it runs can not.
* Don't trigger on shells spawning shells
We'll detect the first shell and not any other shells it spawns.
* Allow "runc:" parents to count as a cont entrypnt
In some cases, the initial process for a container can have a parent
"runc:[0:PARENT]", so also allow those cases to count as a container
entrypoint.
* Use container_entrypoint macro
Use the container_entrypoint macro to denote entering a container and
also allow exe to be one of the processes that's the parent of an
entrypoint.
* Let supervisor write more generally below /etc
* Let perl+plesk scripts run shells/write below etc
* Allow spaces after some cmdlines
* Add additional shell spawner.
* Add addl package mgmt binaries.
* Add addl cases for java + jenkins
Addl jar files to consider.
* Add addl jenkins-related cmdlines
Mostly related to node scripts run by jenkins
* Let python running some mesos tasks spawn shells
In this case marathon run by python
* Let ucf write below etc
Only below /etc/gconf for now.
* Let dpkg-reconfigur indirectly write below /etc
It may run programs that modify files below /etc
* Add files/dirs/prefixes for writes below root
Build a set of acceptable files/dirs/prefixes for writes below
/root. Mostly triggered by apps that run directly as root.
* Add addl shell spawn binaries.
* Also let java + sbt spawn shells in containers
Not seen only at host level
* Make sure the file below etc is /etc/
Make sure the file below /etc is really below the directory etc aka
/etc/xxx. Otherwise it would match a file /etcfoo.
* Let rancher healthcheck spawn shells
The name healthcheck is relatively innocuous so also look at the parent
process.
* Add addl shell container shell spawn binaries
* Add addl x2go binaries
* Let rabbitq write its config files
* Let rook write below /etc
toolbox.sh is fairly generic so add a condition based on the image name.
* Let consul-template spawn shells
* Add rook/toolbox as a trusted container
Their github pages recommend running privileged.
* Add addl mail binary that can setuid
* Let plesk autoinstaller spawn shells
The name autoinstaller is fairly generic so also look at the parent.
* Let php handlers write its config
* Let addl pkg-* binary write to /etc indirectly
* Add additional shell spawning binaries.
* Add ability to specify user trusted containers
New macro user_trusted_containers allows a user-provided set of
containers that are trusted and are allowed to run privileged.
* If npm runs node, let node spawn shells
* Let python run airflow via a shell.
* Add addl passenger commandlines (for shells)
* Add addl ways datadog can be run
* Let find run shells in containers.
* Add rpmq as a rpm binary
* Let httpd write below /etc/httpd/
* Let awstats/sa-update spawn shells
* Add container entrypoint as a shell
Some images have an extra shell level for image entrypoints.
* Add an additional jenkins commandline
* Let mysql write its config
* Let openvpn write its config
* Add addl root dirs/files
Also move /root/.java to be a general prefix.
* Let mysql_upgrade/opkg-cl spawn shells
* Allow login to perform dns lookups
With run with -h <host> to specify a remote host, some versions of login
will do a dns lookup to try to resolve the host.
* Let consul-template write haproxy config.
* Also let mysql indirectly edit its config
It might spawn a program to edit the config in addition to directly.
* Allow certain sed temp files below /etc/
* Allow debian binaries to indirectly write to /etc
They may spawn programs like sed, touch, etc to change files below /etc.
* Add additional root file
* Let rancher healthcheck be run more indirectly
The grandparent as well as parent of healthcheck can be tini.
* Add more cases for haproxy writing config
Allow more files as well as more scripts to update the config.
* Let vmtoolsd spawn shells on the host
* Add an additional innocuous entrypoint shell
* Let peer-finder (mongodb) spawn shells
* Split application rules to separate file.
Move the contents of application rules, which have never been enabled by
default, to a separate file. It's only installed in the mail falco packages.
* Add more build-related command lines
* Let perl running openresty spawn shells
* Let countly write nginx config
* Let confd spawn shells
* Also let aws spawn shells in containers.
The terminal shell in container rule has always been less permissive
than the other shell rules, mostly because we expect terminal-attached
shells to be less common. However, they might run innocuous commands,
especially from scripting languages like python. So allow the innocuous
commands to run.
* Let luajit spawn shells.
* Start support for db mgmt programs
Add support for db management programs that tend to spawn
shells. Starting with two lists
mysql_mgmt_binaries/postgres_mgmt_binaries which are combined into
db_mgmt_binaries. db_mgmt_binaries is added to both shell spawning rules
and the individual programs are removed.
* Let apache beam spawn shells
The program is "python pipeline.py" but it appears to be related to
https://github.com/apache/beam/blob/master/sdks/python/apache_beam/pipeline.py.
* Better support for dovecot
Allow dovecot to setuid by adding to mail_binaries.
Allow the program auth, when run by dovecot, to spawn shells.
* Better support for plesk
Create a list plesk_binaries and allow them to run shells.
Also let them write to files below /etc/sw/keys.
* Let strongswan spawn shells.
Specifically the program starter. Using the full command line to be more
specific.
* Let proftpd modify files below /etc.
* Let chef binaries write below /etc
* Let mandb read sensitive files
* Let specific phusion passenger binaries run shells
The program is "my_init", which is fairly generic, so capture it by the
full command line.
* Make git-remote-http more permissive.
* Let networkmanager modify /etc/resolv.conf
specifically nm-dispatcher
* Let hostid open network connections
It might perform dns lookups as a part of resolving ip addresses.
* Let uwsgi spawn shells
* Add docker-runc-cur as a docker binary.
truncated version of docker-runc-current.
* Add rule for allowed containers
New rule Launch Disallowed Container triggers when a container is
started that does not match the macro allowed_containers. In the main
falco rules file, this macro never matches, so it never
triggers. However, in a second rules file the macro allowed_containers
could be filled in with the specific images that match.
* Also let foreman spawn shells
Used by Red Hat Sattelite.
* Let confluence run shells.
Appears as java program, so look for the classpath.
* Make allowed_containers macro more foolproof.
In some cases, the container image might not be known/is NULL, so the
comparison aganst "dummy-not-allowed-container-image" doesn't work.
Replace this with proc.vpid=1, which is in the main rule Launch
Disallowed Continer. Ensures it will only trigger when the
allowed_containers macro is overridden.
* Let tomcat spawn shells.
It's java so you need to look at the classpath.
* Let pip install software.
* Add another yarn command line.
* Let add-shell write to /etc/shells.tmp
* Let more plesk binaries setuid.
* Add imap-login as a mail binary.
* Fix plesk writing keys macro
Should be testing proc.name, not proc.cmdline.
* Let screen read sensitive files.
* Add more shell spawners.
S99qualys-cloud is the init script, cfn-signal is cloudformation.
* Exclude nologin from user mgmt programs.
* Let programs run by locales.postins write to /etc
It can run scripts like sed to modify files before writing the final
file.
* Let install4j java progs spawn shells.
Again, searching by classpath.
* Let some shell cmds be spawned outside containers
We had a list known_container_shell_spawn_cmdlines that contained
innocuous commandlines, but it only worked for containers.
Split this list into container-specific and general commandlines, and
add an exception for the general commandlines for the Run Shell
Untrusted rule.
* Add addl ruby-based passenger spawners
Add a different way to identify ruby run by phusion passenger.
* Allow bundle ruby cmds to be identififed by name
In some cases, bundle runs ruby scripts by direct script
name (foo.rb). Also allow that to spawn shells.
* Let nginx spawn shells.
* Skip setuid rules for containers.
For now, entirely skip the setuid rule for containers. Will add back
once I can find a way to check for unknown users.
* Let PassengerWatchd run shells
* Add additional foreman shells
Let the direct parent also be scl when the ancestor is tfm-rake,tfm-ruby.
* Add additional innocuous command lines.
* Also let cron spawn shells in containers
Seen when using things like phusion passenger.
* Also let run-parts run cmp/cp for sensitive files
Might be a case of a missing process but might also be legitimate.
* Let erlexec spawn shells.
* Add additional innocuous shell cmdlines.
* Add suexec as a userexec binary.
* Add imap/mailmng-core as mail binaries.
Also split list across multiple lines.
* Let perl spawn shells when run by cpanm
* Let apache_control_ spawn shells
* Let ics_start/stop running java spawn shells
java is the direct parent, ics_start/stop are ancestors.
* Let PassengerAgent setuid.
It setuids to nobody.
* Let multilog write below /etc if run by supervise
* Let bwrap setuid
A container setup utility.
* Detect writes below /, /root
New rule Write below root detects writes either directly below / or
anywhere below /root.
* Don't let shells directly open network connections
In addition to system binaries, don't let shells directly open network
connections. Bash has /dev/{tcp,udp} which allows direct connections.
* Add additional sensitive mounts.
Add additional sensitive mounts, including the docker socket, /,
anywhere below /root, or anywhere below /etc.
* Let pki-realm write below /etc/pki/realms
Appears to be an ansible script.
* Let sgdisk write below dev
* Let debconf-show read sensitive files.
* Additional case for build-related scripts.
* Add additional mail binaries.
* Let ruby running discourse spawn shells.
* Let beam.smp and paster run shells
* Temporarily undo shells opening net conns update
At some customers, at container create time events are being lost, and
for that reason programs spawned by the shell that perform network
connections are being misattributed to the shell.
* Make the actual sensitive files a list.
Make the actual sensitive files used by the sensitive files macro a list
so it can be easily extended.
* Print mounts in Launch Sensitive Mount Container
Add the full list of mounts to the output of Launch Sensitive Mount
Container, so it's easy to see which sensitive mount was used.
* Add container.image to container-related rules.
Helps in diagnosis.
* Add sw-engine-kv as a plesk binary.
* Allow sa-update to read sensitive files
SpamAssassin updater.
* Add additional shell spawners.
* Allow sumologic secureFiles to run user mgmt progs
See https://help.sumologic.com/Send-Data/Installed-Collectors/05Reference-Information-for-Collector-Installation/08Enhanced-File-System-Security-for-Installed-Collectors.
* Only consider full mounts of /etc as sensitive
A legitimate case is k8s mounting /etc/kubernetes/ssl, which was
matching /etc*. The glob matcher we have isn't a full regex so you can't
exclude strings, only characters.
* Let htpasswd write below /etc
Part of nginx
* Let pam-auth-update read sensitive files
* Let hawkular-metric spawn shells.
* Generalize jenkins scripts spawning shells
Generalize jenkins_script_sh to jenkins_scripts and add additional
cases.
* Let php run by assemble spawn shells
Better than globally letting php spawn shells.
* Add additional setuid binaries.
* Add additional package mgmt prog
rhsmcertd-worke(r), red hat subscription manager
* Add additional yarn cmdlines.
* Let dmeventd write below etc.
device mapper event daemon.
* Let rhsmcertd-worke(r) spawn shells.
* Let node spawn bitnami-related shells.
* Add user allowed sensitive mounts
New macro user_sensitive_mount_containers allows a second rules file to
specify containers/images that can perform sensitive mounts.
* Add start-stop-daemon as setuid program
It has -g/-u args to change gid/uid.
Also move some other single setuid programs to the list
known_setuid_binaries.
* Add additional shell spawners/cmdlines.
* Let python running localstack spawn shells.
* Add additional chef binaries.
* Let fluentd spawn shells.
* Don't consider unix_chkpwd to be a user mgmt prog
It only checks passwords.
* Get setuid for NULL user in container working
Reorganize the unknown_user_in_container macro to get it working again
in containers. Previously, it was being skipped entirely due to a
problem with handling of unknown users, which get returned as NULL.
The new macro is known_user_in_container, which tests the user.name
against "N/A". It happens that if user.name is NULL, the comparison
fails, so it has the same effect as if the string "N/A" were being
returned. Any valid user name won't match the string "N/A", so known
users will cause the macro to return true.
The setuid rule needs an additional check for not container, so add that.
* Add exceptions for Write below root
Add lists of files/directories that are acceptable to write.
@ret2libc reported that osx builds were failing with the current version
of libcurl. Update to the latest version and add the necessary configure
arguments.
Also use https links for all dependencies downloads.
The rules CMakeLists.txt, which controls the installation of the falco
rules files, was in the engine CMakeLists.txt, which meant that programs
that included the engine would also include rules files.
This may not always be desired, so move the rules CMakeLists.txt to the
main falco CMakeLists.txt instead.
Work around https://github.com/draios/sysdig/issues/954, which relates
to not always knowing the proper user name in containers, by not running
the rule when in a container and the user name is "<NA>". This won't
address cases where the uid from inside the container maps to a user
name outside the container that is different than the user inside the
container, but it will help a bit.
Add crlutil as a program that can modify below etc.
Let centrify programs modify below etc.
Add more info for writes below etc to track etc writers through scripts.
Increase the level of debugging for shells.
Add more run_by_xxx macros for h2o/phusion passenger. Handles cases
where the ancestor has a name, but the direct parent is a general
scripting language like ruby/perl/etc.
New macro run_by_chef is similar to run_by_qualys in that it looks in
various places in the process heirarchy. Use that macro to allow writes
below etc. Will probably add in more places soon.
Qualys seems to run a variety of shell subprocesses, at various
levels. Add a macro run_by_qualys that checks at a few levels without
the cost of a full proc.aname, which traverses the full parent
heirarchy.
Add a macro user_shell_container_exclusions that allows a second rules
file to easily extend the shelll in container rule without overriding
the entire rule.
Also add an exclusion node_running_edi_dynamodb which can be used for
that macro.
Add more specific controls of files below /etc, allowing specific
combinations of programs and files:
- start-fluentd can write to /etc/fluent/fluent.conf
- locales.postins can write to /etc/locale.gen
Use pmatch, which compares a file against a set of prefix paths, instead
of fd.directory. This allows the directories in safe_etc_dirs to be a
prefix of a file instead of just the directory containing a file.
Move entrypoint detection to its own macro. Also consider something the
entrypoint if its parent is runc:[0:PARENT]. There's a race where
runc:[0:PARENT] exits in parallel with the root program being execd, so
the parent might not exist or might have this name.
Combine parent_php_running_builds and parent_ruby_running_gcc into a
single parent_scripting_running_builds which handles the general case of
some script running some make/compilation related program. Also add some
build-related command line prefixes.
Allow supervisor-related programs to spawn shells and access sensitive
files.
Allow sendmail config binaries to write below etc directly (their
children already could).
Add some directories related to phusion (system-as-a-container).
For a few rules add parent programs in the output so it's easier to
diagnose the context for an event.
Let varnishd spawn shells.
- Move qualys-cloud-ag to the monitoring_binaries list
- Add a new list sendmail_config_binaries containing programs that can
modify files.
- Make parent_php_running_git a bit more generic for
parent_php_running_builds and add some additional sub-commands.
- Allow several combinations of scripting programs (ruby, python, etc.)
to run other build-ish commands.
- Let mysql_install_d(b) spawn shells and access sensitive files.
- Let qualys-cloud-ag(ent) spawn shells
- Add a few additional innocuous commandlines
- Let postfix setuid to itself
A new (empty) list user_known_container_shell_spawn_binaries allows
additional files to add additional programs that are allowed to spawn
shells in containers.
Add additional shell spawning command lines.
Allow package management binaries in containers--lots of people seem to
do it. Also allow pycompile/py3compile.
I need to refactor the shell spawners to more clearly isolate shell
spawners that we don't want to occur in a container from ones that can
run both inside and outside of a container.
A new falco.yaml option buffered_outputs, also controlled by
-U/--unbuffered, sets unbuffered outputs for the output methods. This is
especially useful with keep_alive files/programs where you want the
output right away.
Also add cleanup methods for the output channels that ensure output to
the file/program is flushed and closed.
Add the ability to keep file/program outputs open (i.e. writing to the
same open file/program for multiple notifications). A new option to the
file/program output "keep_alive", if true, keeps the file/program pipe
open across events.
This makes the need for unbuffered output aka
https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/211 more pressing. Will add that next.
When json output is set, add a sub-object called output_fields to the
json output that contains the individual templated fields from the
output string. Makes it easier to parse those fields.
This fixes https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/261.
These changes allow for a local rules file that will be preserved across
upgrades and allows the main rules file to be overwritten across upgrades.
- Move all config/rules files below /etc/falco/
- Add a "local rules" file /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml. The intent
is that it contains modifications/deltas to the main rules file
/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml. The main falco_rules.yaml should be
treated as immutable.
- All config files are flagged so they are not overwritten on upgrade.
- Change the handling of the config item "rules_file" in falco.yaml to
allow a list of files. By default, this list contains:
[/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml, /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml].
Also change rpm/debian packaging to ensure that the above files are
preserved across upgrades:
- Use relative paths for share/bin dirs. This ensures that when packaged
as rpms they won't be flagged as config files.
- Add CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX to FALCO_ENGINE_LUA_DIR now that it's relative.
- In debian packaging, flag
/etc/falco/{falco.yaml,falco_rules.yaml,falco_rules.local.yaml} as
conffiles. That way they are preserved across upgrades if modified.
- In rpm packaging when using cmake, any files installed with an
absolute path are automatically flagged as %config. The only files
directly installed are now the config files, so that addresses the problem.
Add CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX to lua dir.
Clean up the handling of priority levels within rules. It used to be a
mix of strings handled in various places. Now, in falco_common.h there's
a consistent type for priority-as-number as well as a list of
priority-as-string values. Priorities are passed around as numbers
instead of strings. It's still permissive about capitalization.
Also add the ability to load rules by severity. New falco
config option "priority=<val>"/-o priority=<val> specifies the minimum
priority level of rules that will be loaded.
Add unit tests for same. The test suppresses INFO notifications for a
rule/trace file combination that would otherwise generate them.
Add the ability to append to rules/macros, like we already do with
lists. For rules/macros, if the object has an append: true key, the
condition value is appended to the condition of an existing rule/macro
with the same name.
Like lists, it's an error to specify append: true without there being an
existing rule/macro.
Also add tests that test the same kind of things we did for lists:
- That append: true really does append
- That append: false overwrites the rule/macro
- That it's an error to append with a prior rule/macro existing.
List nodes can now have an 'append' key. If present and true, any values
in this list will be appended to the end of any existing list with the
same name.
It is an error to have a list with 'append' true that has a name that is
not an existing list.
Add new unit tests to check that list substitution is working as
expected, with test cases for the list substitution occurring at the
beginning, middle, and end of a condition.
Also add tests that verify that overrides on list/macro/rule names
always occur in order.
When performing list substitution, only replace a list name when it is
surrounded by whitespace or expected punctuation characters. Lua
patterns don't have a notion of this-or-that patterns e.g. (^|abc), so
we have 3 versions of the substitution depending on whether he list name
occurs in the beginning, middle, or end of a string.
This fixes#197.
Also validate macros when they are parsed. Macros are also validated as
a part of rules being parsed, but it's possible to have an individual
rules file containing only macros, or a macro not explicitly tied to any
rule. In this case, it's useful to be able to check the macro to see if
it contains dangling macro references.
When parsing condition expressions, if the type of an ast node is
String (aka quoted string), don't trim whitespace from the value. This
ensures that conditions that want to match exact strings e.g. command
lines with leading/trailing spaces will work properly.
This fixes#253.
* Updates from beta customers.
- add anacron as a cron program
* Reorganize package management binaries
Split package_management_binaries into two separate lists rpm_binaries
and deb_binaries. unattended-upgr is common to both worlds so it's still
in package_management_binaries.
Also change Write below rpm database to use rpm_binaries instead of its
own list.
Also add 75-system-updat (truncated) as a shell spawner.
* Add rules for jenkins
Add rules that allow jenkins to spawn shells, both in containers and
directly on the host.
Also handle jenkins slaves that run /tmp/slave.jar.
* Allow npm to run shells.
Not yet allowing node to run shells itself, although we want to add
something to reduce node-related FPs.
* Allow urlgrabber/git-remote to access /etc
urlgrabber and git-remote both try to access the RHEL nss database,
containing shared certificates. I may change this in a more general way
by changing open_read/open_write to only look for successful opens.
* Only look for successful open_read/open_writes
Change the macros open_read/open_write to only trigger on successful
opens (when fd.num > 0). This is a pretty big change to behavior, but
is more intuitive.
This required a small update to the open counts for a couple of unit
tests, but otherwise they still all passed with this change.
* Allow rename_device to write below /dev
Part of udev.
* Allow cloud-init to spawn shells.
Part of https://cloud-init.io/
* Allow python to run a shell that runs sdchecks
sdchecks is a part of the sysdig monitor agent.
* Allow dev creation binaries to write below etc.
Specifically this includes blkid and /etc/blkid/blkid.tab.
* Allow git binaries to spawn shells.
They were already allowed to run shells in a container.
* Add /dev/kmsg as an allowed /dev file
Allows userspace programs to write to kernel log.
* Allow other make programs to spawn shells.
Also allow gmake/cmake to spawn shells and put them in their own list
make_binaries.
* Add better mesos support.
Mesos slaves appear to be in a container due to their cgroup and can run
programs mesos-health-check/mesos-docker-exec to monitor the containers
on the slave, so allow them to run shells.
Add mesos-agent, mesos-logrotate, mesos-fetch as shell spawners both in
and out of containers.
Add gen_resolvconf. (short for gen_resolvconf.py) as a program that can
write to /etc.
Add toybox (used by mesos, part of http://landley.net/toybox/about.html)
as a shell spawner.
* systemd can listen on network ports.
Systemd can listen on network ports to launch daemons on demand, so
allow it to perform network activity.
* Let docker binaries setuid.
Let docker binaries setuid and add docker-entrypoi (truncation
intentional) to the set of docker binaries.
* Change cis-related rules to be less noisy
Change the two cis-related falco rules "File Open by Privileged
Container" and "Sensitive Mount by Container" to be less noisy. We found
in practice that tracking every open still results in too many falco
notifications.
For now, change the rules to only track the initial process start in the
container by looking for vpid=1. This should result in only triggering
when a privileged/sensitive mount container is started. This is slightly
less coverage but is far less noisy.
* Add quay.io/sysdig as trusted containers
These are used for sysdig cloud onpremise deployments.
* Add gitlab-runner-b(uild) as a gitlab binary.
Add gitlab-runner-b (truncated gitlab-runner-build) as a gitlab binary.
* Add ceph as a shell spawner.
Also allow ceph to spawn shells in a container.
* Allow some shells by command line.
For some mesos containers, where the container doesn't have an image and
is just a tarball in a cgroup/namespace, we don't have any image to work
with. In those cases, allow specific command lines.
* Allow user 'nobody' to setuid.
Allow the user nobody to setuid. This depends on the user nobody being
set up in the first place to have no access, but that should be an ok
assumption.
* Additional allowed shell commandlines
* Add additional shells.
* Allow multiple users to become themself.
Add rule somebody_becoming_themself that handles cases of nobody and
www-data trying to setuid to themself. The sysdig filter language
doesn't support template/variable values to allow "user.name=X and
evt.arg.uid=X for a given X", so we have to enumerate the users.
* More known spawn command lines
* Let make binaries be run in containers.
Some CI/CD pipelines build in containers.
* Add additional shell spawning command lines
* Add additional apt program apt-listchanges.
* Add gitlab-ce as shell spawning container.
* Allow PM2 to spawn shells in containers.
Was already in the general list, seen in some customers, so adding to
the in containers list.
* Clean up pass to fix long lines.
Take a pass through the rules making sure each line is < 120 characters.
* Change tests for privileged container rules.
Change unit tests to reflect the new privileged/sensitive mount
container rules that only detect container launch.
The default falco ruleset now has a wider variety of priorities, so
adjust the automated tests to match:
- Instead of creating a generic test yaml entry for every trace file in
traces-{positive,negative,info} with assumptions about detect levels,
add a new falco_traces.yaml.in multiplex file that has specific
information about the detect priorities and rule detect counts for each
trace file.
- If a given trace file doesn't have a corresponding entry in
falco_traces.yaml.in, a generic entry is added with a simple
detect: (True|False) value and level. That way you can get specific
detect levels/counts for existing trace files, but if you forget to
add a trace to falco_traces.yaml.in, you'll still get some coverage.
- falco_tests.yaml.in isn't added to any longer, so rename it to
falco_tests.yaml.
- Avocado is now run twice--once on each yaml file. The final test
passes if both avocado runs pass.
Review the priorities used by each rule and try to use a consistent set
that uses more of the possible priorities. The general guidelines I used
were:
- If a rule is related to a write of state (i.e. filesystem, etc.),
its priority is ERROR.
- If a rule is related to an unauthorized read of state (i.e. reading
sensitive filees, etc.), its priority is WARNING.
- If a rule is related to unexpected behavior (spawning an unexpected
shell in a container, opening an unexpected network connection, etc.), its priority
is NOTICE.
- If a rule is related to behaving against good practices (unexpected
privileged containers, containers with sensitive mounts, running
interactive commands as root), its priority is INFO.
One exception is that the most FP-prone rule (Run shell untrusted) has a
priority of DEBUG.
Allow the sysdig cloud agent to call setns to collect java process
metrics.
We've also seen cases where some of the intermediate processes created
below runc appear to call setns. It appears that this only should happen
if some events (like the execve that spawns the intermediate processes)
are lost, but just to be safe allow processes starting with "runc:" to
call setns.
Add a new falco rule "Terminal shell in container" that looks for shells
spawned in a container with an attached terminal. This is similar to the
existing "Run shell in container" rule, but doesn't have as many
exceptions as we expect this to be even less rare.
Add automated tests for running falco from a package and container. As a
result, this will also test building the kernel module as well as
runnning falco-probe-loader as a backup.
In travis.yml, switch to the docker-enabled vm and install dkms. This
changed the environment slightly, so change how avocado's python
dependencies are installed. After building falco, copy the .deb package
to docker/local and build a local docker image based on that package.
Add the following new tests:
- docker_package: this uses "docker run" to run the image created in
travis.yml. This includes using dkms to build the kernel module and
load it. In addition, the conf directory is mounted to /host/conf, the
rules directory is mounted to /host/rules, and the traces directory is
mounted to /host/traces.
- docker_package_local_driver: this disables dkms via a volume mount
that maps /dev/null to /usr/sbin/dkms and copies the kernel module by
hand into the container to /root/.sysdig/falco-probe-....ko. As a
result, falco-probe-loader will use the local kernel module instead
of building one itself.
- debian_package: this installs the .deb package and runs the installed
version of falco.
Ideally, there'd also be a test for downloading the driver, but since
the driver depends on the kernel as well as the falco version string,
you can't put a single driver on download.draios.com that will work
long-term.
These tests depend on the following new test attributes:
- package: if present, this points to the docker image/debian package
to install.
- addl_docker_run_args: if present, will be added to the docker run
command.
- copy_local_driver: if present, will copy the built kernel module to
~/.sysdig. ~/.sysdig/* is always cleared out before each test.
- run_duration: maps to falco's -M <secs> flag
- trace_file is now optional.
Also add some misc general test changes:
- Clean up our use of process.run. By default it will fail a test if the
run program returns non-zero, so we don't have to grab the exit
status. In addition, get rid of sudo in the command lines and use the
sudo attribute instead.
- Fix some tests that were writing to files below /tmp/falco_outputs
by creating the directory first. Useful when running avocado directly.
If a daemonset specifies a command, this overrides the entrypoint. In
falco's case, the entrypoint handles the details of loading the kernel
driver, so specifying a command accidently prevents the driver from
being loaded.
This happens to work if you had a previously loaded sysdig_probe driver
lying around.
The fix is to specify args instead. In this case, the driver will be
loaded via the entrypoint.
This fixes https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/225.
Start packaging (and building when necessary) a falco-specific kernel
module in falco releases. Previously, falco would depend on sysdig and
use its kernel module instead.
The kernel module was already templated to some degree in various
places, so we just had to change the templated name from
sysdig/sysdig-probe to falco/falco-probe.
In containers, run falco-probe-loader instead of
sysdig-probe-loader. This is actually a script in the sysdig repository
which is modified in https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/789, and uses
the filename to indicate what kernel module to build and/or load.
For the falco package itself, don't depend on sysdig any longer but instead
depend on dkms and its dependencies, using sysdig as a guide on the set
of required packages.
Additionally, for the package pre-install/post-install scripts start
running falco-probe-loader.
Finally, add a --version argument to falco so it can pass the desired
version string to falco-probe-loader.
Add example k8s yaml files that allow for running falco as a k8s
daemonset and the event generator as a deployment, running on 1 node.
Falco is configured to send its output to a slack webhook corresponding
to the #demo-falco-alerts channel on sysdig's public slack channel.
The output is is k8s friendly by using -pk, -k (k8s api server), and
-K (credentials to communicate with api server).
Use the sinsp_evt_formatter_cache added in
https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/771 instead of a local cache. This
simplifies the lua side quite a bit, as it only needs to call
format_output(), and clean up everything via free_formatters() in
output_cleanup().
On the C side, use a sinsp_evt_formatter object and use it in
format_event().
In C functions that implement lua functions, don't directly throw
falco_exceptions, which results in opaque error messages like:
Mon Feb 27 10:09:58 2017: Runtime error: Error invoking function output:
C++ exception. Exiting.
Instead, return lua errors via lua_error().
- Sometimes systemd changes its process name to '(systemd)', probably
for a forked daemon process. Add that version to login_binaries.
- Add sv (part of runit) as a program that can write below /etc.
- Allow all /dev/tty* files by moving /dev/tty from the list to a
"startswith /dev/tty" condition.
- Instead of having a possibly null string pointer as the argument to
enable_* and process_event, have wrapper versions that assume a
default falco ruleset. The default ruleset name is a static member of
the falco_engine class, and the default ruleset id is created/found
in the constructor.
- This makes the whole mechanism simple enough that it doesn't require
seprarate testing, so remove the capability within falco to read a
ruleset from the environment and remove automated tests that specify
a ruleset.
- Make pattern/tags/ruleset arguments to enable_* functions const.
(I'll squash this down before I commit)
Tag the existing ruleset to group tags in a meaningful way. The added
tags are:
- filesystem: the rule relates to reading/writing files
- sofware_mgmt: the rule relates to any software/package management
tool like rpm, dpkg, etc.
- process: the rule relates to starting a new process or changing the
state of a current process.
- database: the rule relates to databases
- host: the rule *only* works outside of containers
- shell: the rule specifically relates to starting shells
- container: the rule *only* works inside containers
- cis: the rule is related to the CIS Docker benchmark.
- users: the rule relates to management of users or changing the
identity of a running process.
- network: the rule relates to network activity
Rules can have multiple tags if they relate to multiple of the
above. Rules do not have to have tags, although all the current rules do.
Add automated tests that verify the ability to tag sets of rules,
disable them with -T, and run them with -t, works:
- New test option disable_tags adds -T <tag> arguments to the falco
command line, and run_tags adds -t <tag> arguments to the falco command
line.
- A new trace file open-multiple-files.scap opens 13 different files,
and a new rules file has 13 different rules with all combinations of
the tags a, b, c (both forward and backward), a rule with an empty
list of tags, a rule with no tags field, and a rule with a completely
different tag d.
Using the above, add tests for:
- Both disabling all combations of a, b, c using disable_tags as well as
run all combinations of a, b, c, using run_tags.
- Specifying both disabled (-T/-D) and enabled (-t) rules. Not allowed.
- Specifying a ruleset while having tagged rules enabled, rules based
on a name disabled, and no particular rules enabled or disabled.
- in lua, look for a tags attribute to each rule. This is passed up in
add_filter as a tags argument (as a lua table). If not present, an
empty table is used. The tags table is iterated to populate a set
of tags as strings, which is passed to add_filter().
- A new method falco_engine::enable_rule_by_tag is similar to
enable_rule(), but is given a set of tag strings. Any rules containing
one of the tags is enabled/disabled.
- The list of event types has been changed to a set to more accurately
reflect its purpose.
- New argument to falco -T allows disabling all rules matching a given
tag, via enable_rule_by_tag(). It can be provided multiple times.
- New argument to falco -t allows running those rules matching a given
tag. If provided all rules are first disabled. It can be
provided multiple times, but can not be combined with -T or
-D (disable rules by name)
- falco_enging supports the notion of a ruleset. The idea is that you
can choose a set of rules that are enabled/disabled by using
enable_rule()/enable_rule_by_tag() in combination with a
ruleset. Later, in process_event() you include that ruleset and the
rules you had previously enabled will be run.
- rulsets are provided as strings in enable_rule()/enable_rule_by_tag()
and as numbers in process_event()--this avoids the overhead of string
lookups per-event. Ruleset ids are created on the fly as needed. A
utility method find_ruleset_id() looks up the ruleset id for a given
name. The default ruleset is NULL string/0 numeric if not provided.
- Although the ruleset is a useful falco engine feature, it isn't that
important to the falco standalone program, so it's not
documented. However, you can change the ruleset by providing
FALCO_RULESET in the environment.
- Add flanneld as a privileged container.
- Add parentheses grouping around many of the "x running y"
containers. I haven't found this strictly necessary with their
current use in rules, but this ensures they will be isolated when
used.
- Allow denyhosts to spawn shells--it runs iptables to add/remove hosts
from its deny list.
This is a rework of a PR made by @juju4 that had a bunch of additions
related to running other security/monitoring products, including aide,
bro, icinga2, nagios, ansible, etc.
This overlapped a lot with changes I had been making to reduce
noisiness, so rather than have @juju4 deal with the conflicts I took the
changes and made a separate commit with the non-conflicting additions.
A summary of the changes:
- Add docker-compose as a docker binary.
- Add showq/critical-stack as setuid binaries.
- Add lxd binaries
- Add some additional package management binaries.
- Add support for host intrustion detection systems like aide.
- Add support for network intrustion detections systems like bro.
- Add support for monitoring systems like nagios, icinga2, npcd.
- Other one-off additions to other lists of mail/etc programs.
A new trace file falco-event-generator.scap contains the result of
running the falco event generator in docker, via:
docker run --security-opt seccomp=unconfined sysdig/falco-event-generator:latest /usr/local/bin/event_generator --once
Make sure this trace file detects the exact set of events we expect for
each rule. This required adding a new verification method
check_detections_by_rule that finds the per-rule counts and compares
them to the expected counts, which are included in the test description
under the key "detect_counts".
This is the first time a trace file for a test is actually in one of the
downloaded zip files. This means it will be tested twice (one for simple
detect-or-not, once for actual counts).
Adding this test showed a problem with Run shell in container
rule--since sysdig/falco-event-generator startswith sysdig/falco, it was
being treated as a trusted container. Modify the macro
trusted_containers to not allow falco-event-generator to be trusted.
Small changes to improve the use of falco_event_generator with falco:
- In event_generator, some actions like exec_ls won't trigger
notifications on their own. So exclude them from -a all.
- For all actions, print details on what the action will do.
- For actions that won't result in a falco notification in containers,
note that in the output.
- The short version of --once wasn't working, fix the getopt.
- Explicitly saying -a all wasn't working, fix.
- Don't rely on an external ruleset in the nodejs docker-compose
demo--the built in rules are sufficient now.
- Add a second possible location for denyhosts
- Add PM2 (http://pm2.keymetrics.io/) as a shell spawner.
- There was a bug in use of ansible_running_python. We actually need
two variants depending on whether ansible is the parent or current
process. parent_ansble_running_python is used for Run shell
untrusted, ansible_running_python is used for other rules.
We had added this image while the changes in
https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/177 made it to everyone. This is in
a release now, so we'll remove it from the rule set.
Within the sysdig code there are several ASSERTS() that can occur for
error paths that aren't truly critical, such as:
17:33:52 DEBUG| [stderr] falco: /home/travis/build/draios/sysdig/userspace/libsinsp/parsers.cpp:1657: static void sinsp_parser::parse_openat_dir(sinsp_evt*, char*, int64_t, std::string*): Assertion `false' failed.
Looking at the code, it's not a truly fatal error, just an inability to
find fd information:
----
if(evt->m_fdinfo == NULL)
{
ASSERT(false);
*sdir = "<UNKNOWN>";
}
----
When running regression tests in travis, we don't want these ASSERTs to
cause falco to exit.
To allow this, in CMakeLists.txt only set DRAIOS_DEBUG_FLAGS if it
wasn't already set, and in travis's cmake, add -DNDEBUG to
DRAIOS_DEBUG_FLAGS.
Several changes to reduce spurious alerts when managing machines via
ansible:
- Add ansible_running_python (that is, ansible-spawned python scripts)
as scripts that can read sensitive files and write below
/etc. Notably this is the user ansible module.
- Also add comments to ansible_running_python suggesting users make it
more strict by specifically naming the root directory for ansible
scripts.
- Add pypy as a python variant that can run ansible-related scripts.
Also other changes to reduce FPs:
- add apt-add-reposit, apt-auto-remova (truncation intentional),
apt-get, apt, apt-key as package management programs, and add package
management binaries to the set of shell spawners. The overlapping
binaries that were in known_shell_spawn_binaries were removed.
- add passwd_binaries, gpg, insserv, apparmor_parser, update-mime,
tzdata.{config,postinst}, systemd-machine, and debconf-show to
the set of binaries that can write below /etc.
- Add vsftpd as a program that can read sensitive files.
- Add additional programs (incl. python support programs like pip,
pycompile) as ones that can spawn shells.
- Allow privileged containers to spawn shells.
- Break out the set of files below /dev that are written to with O_CREAT
into a separate list, and add /dev/random,urandom,console to the list.
- Add python running denyhosts as a program that can write below /etc.
- Also add binaries starting with linux-image- as ones that can spawn
shells. These are perl scripts run as a part of installing
linux-image-N.N packages.
Changes to allow shells spawned by ansible. In general this is actually
pretty difficult--on the remote managed machine, ansible performs
actions simply by running python over ssh without any explicit ansible
helper or command line.
One (weak) hint is that the python scripts being run are usually under a
directory with ansible in the name. So use that as the basis for a macro
ansible_running_python. In turn, that macro is used as a negative
condition for the run shell untrusted rule.
This is a pretty fragile and easily exploited condition, so add a note
to the macro saying so.
Feedback from a falco user:
--
to more findings from last night:
logrotate cronjob (Debian default):
Shell spawned by untrusted binary (user=root shell=sh parent=logrotate cmdline=sh -c invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null logrotate_script /var/log/syslog)
passwd cronjob (Debian default):
Sensitive file opened for reading by non-trusted program (user=root name=cmp command=cmp -s shadow.bak /etc/shadow file=/etc/shadow)
--
New macro cmp_cp_by_passwd allows cmp/cp to be run by passwd to examine
sensitive files. Add logrotate as a program that can spawn a shell.
Also do some cleanups, moving items to lists and splitting long
single-line conditions into multiple lines.
agent-master went out of sync, probably some rebase/forcepush happened
on dev. Used `git merge -s ours agent-master` here to put all the
commits of agent-master on dev and ignoring anything from agent-master.
So now we can merge from dev to agent-master with fast forward and no
conflicts
Add a test that specifically tests truncated outputs. A rule contains an
output field %fd.cport which has no value for an open event. Ensure that
the rule's output has <NA> for the cport and the remainder of the rule's
output is filled in.
Prefix output strings with * so they are always permissive in the
engine.
In falco outputs, which adds its own prefix, remove any leading * before
adding the custom prefix.
Add cchh/sysdig as a trusted container. We'll probably remove this once
the next agent release occurs that has the fix
https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/177.
Also reformat to avoid long lines.
New tests that test every possible override:
- Overriding a rule with one that doesn't match
- Overriding a macro to one that doesn't match
- Overriding a top level list to a binary that doesn't match
- Overriding an embedded list to one that doesn't match
In each case, the override results in no longer matching an open by the
program "cat".
Allow any list/macro/rule to be overridden by a subsequent file. The
persistent state that lives across invocations of load_rules are the 3
arrays ordered_{list,macro,rule}_names, which have the
lists/macros/rules in the order in which they first appear, and tables
{rules,macros,lists}_by_name, which maps from a name to a yaml object.
With each call to load_rules, the set of loaded rules is reset and the
state of expanded lists, compiled macros, compiled rules, and rule
metadata are recreated from scratch, using the ordered_*_names arrays
and *_by_name tables. That way, any list/macro/rule can be redefined in
a subsequent file with new values.
Add the ability to clear the set of loaded rules from lua. It simply
recreates the sinsp_evttype_filter instance m_evttype_filter, which is
now a unique_ptr.
Periodically both apt and apt-get will spawn shells to update success timestamps and motd.
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Jonathan Coetzee <jon@thancoetzee.com>
SSH'ing into an Ubuntu 16.04 box triggers a bunch of "Sensitive file opened for reading by non-trusted program" errors caused by systemd
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Jonathan Coetzee jon@thancoetzee.com
sinsp_utils::get_current_time_ns() has the same purpose as
get_epoch_ns(), and now that we're including the token bucket in
falco_engine, it's easy to package the dependency. So use that function
instead.
Add token-bucket based rate limiting for falco notifications.
The token bucket is implemented in token_bucket.cpp (actually in the
engine directory, just to make it easier to include in other
programs). It maintains a current count of tokens (i.e. right to send a
notification). Its main method is claim(), which attemps to claim a
token and returns true if one was claimed successfully. It has a
configurable configurable max burst size and rate. The token bucket
gains "rate" tokens per second, up to a maximum of max_burst tokens.
These parameters are configurable in falco.yaml via the config
options (defaults shown):
outputs:
rate: 1
max_burst: 1000
In falco_outputs::handle_event(), try to claim a token, and if
unsuccessful log a debug message and return immediately.
Add google_containers/kube-proxy as a trusted image (can be run
privileged, can mount sensitive filesystems). While our k8s deployments
run kube-proxy via the hyperkube image, evidently it's sometimes run via
its own image.
This is one of the fixes for #156.
Also update the output message for this rule.
Previously, log messages had levels, but it only influenced the level
argument passed to syslog(). Now, add the ability to control log level
from falco itself.
New falco.yaml argument "log_level" can be one of the strings
corresponding to the well-known syslog levels, which is converted to a
syslog-style level as integer.
In falco_logger::log(), skip messages below the specified level.
Instead of creating a formatter for each event, cache them and create
them only when needed. A new function output_cleanup cleans up the
cached formatters, and is called in the destructor if init() was called.
New argument --metric, which can be cpu|drops, controls whether to graph
cpu usage or event drop percentage. Titles/axis labels/etc. change
appropriately.
When run via scripts like run_performance_tests.sh, it's useful to
include extra info like the test being run and the specific program
variant to the stats file. So support that via the
environment. Environment keys starting with FALCO_STATS_EXTRA_XXX will
have the XXX and environment value added to the stats file.
It's undocumented as I doubt other programs will need this functionality
and it keeps the docs simpler.
With -s, periodically fetch capture stats from the inspector and write
them to the provided file.
Separate class StatsFileWriter handles the details. It does rely on a
timer + SIGALRM handler so you can only practically create a single
object, but it does keep the code/state separate.
The output format has a sample number, the set of current stats, a
delta with the difference from the prior sample, and the percentage of
events dropped during that sample.
Change falco_engine::process_event to return a unique_ptr that wraps the
rule result, so it won't be leaked if this method throws an exception.
This means that callers don't need to create their own.
Add the ability to check falco's return code with exit_status and to
generally match stderr with stderr_contains in a test.
Use those to create a test that has an invalid output expression using
%not_a_real_field. It expects falco to exit with 1 and the output to
contain a message about the invalid output.
Validate rule outputs when loading rules by attempting to create a
formatter based on the rule's output field. If there's an error, it will
propagate up through load_rules and cause falco to exit rather than
discover the problem only when trying to format the event and the rule's
output field.
This required moving formats.{cpp,h} into the falco engine directory
from the falco general directory. Note that these functions are loaded
twice in the two lua states used by falco (engine and outputs).
There's also a couple of minor cleanups:
- falco_formats had a private instance variable that was unused, remove
it.
- rename the package for the falco_formats functions to formats instead
of falco so it's more standalone.
- don't throw a c++ exception in falco_formats::formatter. Instead
generate a lua error, which is handled more cleanly.
- free_formatter doesn't return any values, so set the return value of
the function to 0.
container.info handling used to be handled by the the falco_outputs
object. However, this caused problems for applications that only used
the falco engine, doing their own output formatting for matching events.
Fix this by moving output formatting into the falco engine itself. The
part that replaces %container.info/adds extra formatting to the end of a
rule's output now happens while loading the rule.
Make necessary changes to allow run_performance_tests to invoke the
'test_mm' program we use internally.
Also add ability to run with a build directory separate from the source
directory and to specify an alternate rules file.
Finally, set up the kubernetes demo using sudo, a result of recent changes.
Related to the changes in https://github.com/draios/agent/pull/267,
improve error messages when trying to load sets of rules with errors:
- Check that yaml parsing of rules_content actually resulted in
something.
- Return an error for rules that have an empty name.
- Return an error for yaml objects that aren't a rule/macro/list.
- When compiling, don't print an error message, simply return one,
including a wrapper "can not compile ..." string.
Instead of having FALCO_SHARE_DIR be a relative path, fully specify it
by prepending CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX in the top level CMakeLists.txt and
don't prepend CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX in config_falco_engine.h.in. This
makes it consistent with its use in the agent.
Honor a USE_BUNDLED_DEPS option for third-party libraries which can be
applied globally. There are also USE_BUNDLED_XXX options that can be
used individually for each library.
Verified that this works by first building with USE_BUNDLED_DEPS=ON (the
default), installing external packages ncurses-dev libssl-dev
libcurl4-openssl-dev so CMake's find_package could use them, modifying
the CMakeLists.txt to add "PATHS ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/..." options to
each find_path()/find_library() command to point to the previously
installed third party libraries. It found them as expected.
The sysdig fix in https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/672 forced this
change, but it does also happen to fix a falco feature request
https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/144.
This helps when running on a system which has the module loaded, but getting
access to the module file is hard for some reason. Since I know that the right
version of the module is loaded I just want falco to connect.
I tested this with this run command:
docker run -e SYSDIG_SKIP_LOAD=1 -it -v /dev:/host/dev -v /proc:/host/proc --privileged falco
And it successfully connected to Sysdig and started printing out warnings for my
system.
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Carl Sverre accounts@carlsverre.com
SSH'ing into an Ubuntu 16.04 box triggers a bunch of "Sensitive file opened for reading by non-trusted program" errors caused by systemd
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Jonathan Coetzee jon@thancoetzee.com
sinsp_utils::get_current_time_ns() has the same purpose as
get_epoch_ns(), and now that we're including the token bucket in
falco_engine, it's easy to package the dependency. So use that function
instead.
Add token-bucket based rate limiting for falco notifications.
The token bucket is implemented in token_bucket.cpp (actually in the
engine directory, just to make it easier to include in other
programs). It maintains a current count of tokens (i.e. right to send a
notification). Its main method is claim(), which attemps to claim a
token and returns true if one was claimed successfully. It has a
configurable configurable max burst size and rate. The token bucket
gains "rate" tokens per second, up to a maximum of max_burst tokens.
These parameters are configurable in falco.yaml via the config
options (defaults shown):
outputs:
rate: 1
max_burst: 1000
In falco_outputs::handle_event(), try to claim a token, and if
unsuccessful log a debug message and return immediately.
Add google_containers/kube-proxy as a trusted image (can be run
privileged, can mount sensitive filesystems). While our k8s deployments
run kube-proxy via the hyperkube image, evidently it's sometimes run via
its own image.
This is one of the fixes for #156.
Also update the output message for this rule.
Previously, log messages had levels, but it only influenced the level
argument passed to syslog(). Now, add the ability to control log level
from falco itself.
New falco.yaml argument "log_level" can be one of the strings
corresponding to the well-known syslog levels, which is converted to a
syslog-style level as integer.
In falco_logger::log(), skip messages below the specified level.
Instead of creating a formatter for each event, cache them and create
them only when needed. A new function output_cleanup cleans up the
cached formatters, and is called in the destructor if init() was called.
New argument --metric, which can be cpu|drops, controls whether to graph
cpu usage or event drop percentage. Titles/axis labels/etc. change
appropriately.
When run via scripts like run_performance_tests.sh, it's useful to
include extra info like the test being run and the specific program
variant to the stats file. So support that via the
environment. Environment keys starting with FALCO_STATS_EXTRA_XXX will
have the XXX and environment value added to the stats file.
It's undocumented as I doubt other programs will need this functionality
and it keeps the docs simpler.
With -s, periodically fetch capture stats from the inspector and write
them to the provided file.
Separate class StatsFileWriter handles the details. It does rely on a
timer + SIGALRM handler so you can only practically create a single
object, but it does keep the code/state separate.
The output format has a sample number, the set of current stats, a
delta with the difference from the prior sample, and the percentage of
events dropped during that sample.
Make sure falco doesn't detect the things draios-agent does as
suspicious. It's possible that you might run open source falco alongside
sysdig cloud.
App checks spawned by sysdig cloud binaries might also change namespace,
so also allow children of sysdigcloud binaries to call setns.
Collect stats on the number of events processed and dropped. When run
with -v, print these stats. This duplicates syddig behavior and can be
useful when dianosing problems related to dropped events throwing off
internal state tracking.
Bring over functionality from sysdig to write trace files. This is easy
as all of the code to actually write the files is in the inspector. This
just handles the -w option and arguments.
This can be useful to write a trace file in parallel with live event
monitoring so you can reproduce it later.
Add a new list k8s_binaries and allow those binaries to do things like
setns/spawn shells. It's not the case that all of these binaries
actually do these things, but keeping it as a single list makes
management easier.
The logic for detecting if a file exists was backwards. It would treat a
file as existing if it could *not* be opened. Reverse that logic so it
works.
This fixes https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/135.
Copy handling of -pk/-pm/-pc/-k/-m arguments from sysdig. All of the
relevant code was already in the inspector so that was easy.
The information from k8s/mesos/containers is used in two ways:
- In rule outputs, if the format string contains %container.info, that
is replaced with the value from -pk/-pm/-pc, if one of those options
was provided. If no option was provided, %container.info is replaced
with a generic %container.name (id=%container.id) instead.
- If the format string does not contain %container.info, and one of
-pk/-pm/-pc was provided, that is added to the end of the formatting
string.
- If -p was specified with a general value (i.e. not
kubernetes/mesos/container), the value is simply added to the end and
any %container.info is replaced with the generic value.
There are a lot of command line options now, so sort them alphabetically
in the usage and getopt handling to make them easier to find.
Also rename -p <pidfile> to -P <pidfile>, thinking ahead to the next
commit.
Add jq to the docker image containing falco. jq is very handy for
transforming json, which comes into play if you want to post to
slack (or other) webhooks.
Add an exfiltration action that reads /etc/shadow and sends the contents
to a arbitrary ip address and port via a udp datagram.
Add the ability to specify actions via the environment instead of the
command line. If actions are specified via the environment, they replace
any actions specified on the command line.
The new privileged falco rule was noisy when running kubernetes, which
can run privileged. Add it to the trusted_containers list.
Also eliminate a couple spurious warnings related to spawning shells in
containers.
New rule 'File Open by Privileged Container' triggers when a container
that is running privileged opens a file.
New rule 'Sensitive Mount by Container' triggers when a container that
has a sensitive mount opens a file. Currently, a sensitive mount is a
mount of /proc.
This depends on https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/655.
If a rule has a enabled attribute, and if the value is false, call the
engine's enable_rule() method to disable the rule. Like add_filter,
there's a static method which takes the object as the first argument and
a non-static method that calls the engine.
This fixes#72.
- In the regression tests, make the config file configurable in the
multiplex file via 'conf_file'.
- A new multiplex file item 'outputs' containing a list of <filename>:
<regex> tuples. For each item, the test reads the file and matches
each line against the regex. A match must be found for the test to
pass.
- Add 2 new tests that test file output and program output. They write
to files below /tmp/falco_outputs/ and the contents are checked to
ensure that alerts are written.
The falco engine changes broke the output methods that take
configuration (like the filename for file output, or the program for
program output). Fix that by properly passing the options argument to
each method's output function.
Falco itself spawns a shell when using program notifications, so add
falco to the set of trusted programs. (Also add some other programs like
make, awk, configure, that are run while building).
New variable FALCO_RULES_DEST_FILENAME allows the rules file to be
installed with a different filename. Not set in the falco repo, but in
the agent repo it's installed as falco_rules.default.yaml.
Improve ruleset after using with falco event_generator:
- Instead of assuming all shells are bash, add a list shell_binaries
and macro shell_procs, and replace references to bash with
shell_procs. This revealed some other programs that can spawn shells.
- Add "login" as an interactive command. systemd-login isn't in alpine
linux, which is the linux distro used for the container.
- Move read_sensitive_file_untrusted before
read_sensitive_file_trusted_after_startup, so it can hit first.
C++ program that performs bad activities related to the current falco
ruleset. There are configurable actions for almost all of the current
ruleset, via the --action argument.
By default runs in a loop forever. Can be overridden via --once.
Also add a Dockerfile that compiles event_generator.cpp within an alpine
linux image and copies it to /usr/local/bin. This image has been pushed
to docker hub as "sysdig/falco-event-generator:latest".
Add a Makefile that runs the right docker build command.
Docker 1.12 split docker into docker and dockerd, so add dockerd as a
docker binary. Also be consistent about using docker_binares instead of
just references to docker.
Also add ldconfig as a program that can write to files below /etc.
Add test that cover reading from multiple sets of rule files and
disabling rules. Specific changes:
- Modify falco to allow multiple -r arguments to read from multiple
files.
- In the test multiplex file, add a disabled_rules attribute,
containing a sequence of rules to disable. Result in -D arguments
when running falco.
- In the test multiplex file, 'rules_file' can be a sequence. It
results in multiple -r arguments when running falco.
- In the test multiplex file, 'detect_level' can be a squence of
multiple severity levels. All levels will be checked for in the
output.
- Move all test rules files to a rules subdirectory and all trace files
to a traces subdirectory.
- Add a small trace file for a simple cat of /dev/null. Used by the
new tests.
- Add the following new tests:
- Reading from multiple files, with the first file being
empty. Ensure that the rules from the second file are properly
loaded.
- Reading from multiple files with the last being empty. Ensures
that the empty file doesn't overwrite anything from the first
file.
- Reading from multiple files with varying severity levels for each
rule. Ensures that both files are properly read.
- Disabling rules from a rules file, both with full rule names
and regexes. Will result in not detecting anything.
Add the ability to drop events at the falco engine level in a way that
can scale with the dropping that already occurs at the kernel/inspector
level.
New inline function should_drop_evt() controls whether or not events are
matched against the set of rules, and is controlled by two
values--sampling ratio and sampling multiplier.
Here's how the sampling ratio and multiplier influence whether or not an
event is dropped in should_drop_evt(). The intent is that
m_sampling_ratio is generally changing external to the engine e.g. in
the main inspector class based on how busy the inspector is. A sampling
ratio implies no dropping. Values > 1 imply increasing levels of
dropping. External to the engine, the sampling ratio results in events
being dropped at the kernel/inspector interface. The sampling
multiplier is an amplification to the sampling factor in
m_sampling_ratio. If 0, no additional events are dropped other than
those that might be dropped by the kernel/inspector interface. If 1,
events that make it past the kernel module are subject to an additional
level of dropping at the falco engine, scaling with the sampling ratio
in m_sampling_ratio.
Unlike the dropping that occurs at the kernel level, where the events in
the first part of each second are dropped, this dropping is random.
Move the c++ and lua code implementing falco engine/falco common to its
own directory userspace/engine. It's compiled as a static library
libfalco_engine.a, and has its own CMakeLists.txt so it can be included
by other projects.
The engine's CMakeLists.txt has a add_subdirectory for the falco rules
directory, so including the engine also builds the rules.
The variables you need to set to use the engine's CMakeLists.txt are:
- CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: the root directory below which everything is
installed.
- FALCO_ETC_DIR: where to install the rules file.
- FALCO_SHARE_DIR: where to install lua code, relative to the
- install/package root.
- LUAJIT_INCLUDE: where to find header files for lua.
- FALCO_SINSP_LIBRARY: the library containing sinsp code. It will be
- considered a dependency of the engine.
- LPEG_LIB/LYAML_LIB/LIBYAML_LIB: locations for third-party libraries.
- FALCO_COMPONENT: if set, will be included as a part of any install()
commands.
Instead of specifying /usr/share/falco in config_falco_*.h.in, use
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX and FALCO_SHARE_DIR.
The lua code for the engine has also moved, so the two lua source
directories (userspace/engine/lua and userspace/falco/lua) need to be
available separately via falco_common, so make it an argument to
falco_common::init.
As a part of making it easy to include in another project, also clean up
LPEG build/defs. Modify build-lpeg to add a PREFIX argument to allow for
object files/libraries being in an alternate location, and when building
lpeg, put object files in a build/ subdirectory.
Create standalone classes falco_engine/falco_outputs that can be
embedded in other programs. falco_engine is responsible for matching
events against rules, and falco_output is responsible for formatting an
alert string given an event and writing the alert string to all
configured outputs.
falco_engine's main interfaces are:
- load_rules/load_rules_file: Given a path to a rules file or a string
containing a set of rules, load the rules. Also loads needed lua code.
- process_event(): check the event against the set of rules and return
the results of a match, if any.
- describe_rule(): print details on a specific rule or all rules.
- print_stats(): print stats on the rules that matched.
- enable_rule(): enable/disable any rules matching a pattern. New falco
command line option -D allows you to disable one or more rules on the
command line.
falco_output's main interfaces are:
- init(): load needed lua code.
- add_output(): add an output channel for alert notifications.
- handle_event(): given an event that matches one or more rules, format
an alert message and send it to any output channels.
Each of falco_engine/falco_output maintains a separate lua state and
loads separate sets of lua files. The code to create and initialize the
lua state is in a base class falco_common.
falco_engine no longer logs anything. In the case of errors, it throws
exceptions. falco_logger is now only used as a logging mechanism for
falco itself and as an output method for alert messages. (This should
really probably be split, but it's ok for now).
falco_engine contains an sinsp_evttype_filter object containing the set
of eventtype filters. Instead of calling
m_inspector->add_evttype_filter() to add a filter created by the
compiler, call falco_engine::add_evttype_filter() instead. This means
that the inspector runs with a NULL filter and all events are returned
from do_inspect. This depends on
https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/633 which has a wrapper around a
set of eventtype filters.
Some additional changes along with creating these classes:
- Some cleanups of unnecessary header files, cmake include_directory()s,
etc to only include necessary includes and only include them in header
files when required.
- Try to avoid 'using namespace std' in header files, or assuming
someone else has done that. Generally add 'using namespace std' to all
source files.
- Instead of using sinsp_exception for all errors, define a
falco_engine_exception class for exceptions coming from the falco
engine and use it instead. For falco program code, switch to general
exceptions under std::exception and catch + display an error for all
exceptions, not just sinsp_exceptions.
- Remove fields.{cpp,h}. This was dead code.
- Start tracking counts of rules by priority string (i.e. what's in the
falco rules file) as compared to priority level (i.e. roughtly
corresponding to a syslog level). This keeps the rule processing and
rule output halves separate. This led to some test changes. The regex
used in the test is now case insensitive to be a bit more flexible.
- Now that https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/632 is merged, we can
delete the rules object (and its lua_parser) safely.
- Move loading the initial lua script to the constructor. Otherwise,
calling load_rules() twice re-loads the lua script and throws away any
state like the mapping from rule index to rule.
- Allow an empty rules file.
Finally, fix most memory leaks found by valgrind:
- falco_configuration wasn't deleting the allocated m_config yaml
config.
- several ifstreams were being created simply to test which falco
config file to use.
- In the lua output methods, an event formatter was being created using
falco.formatter() but there was no corresponding free_formatter().
This depends on changes in https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/640.
This file documents all notable changes to Falco. The release numbering uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org).
## v0.9.0
Released 2018-01-18
### Bug Fixes
* Fix driver incompatibility problems with some linux kernel versions that can disable pagefault tracepoints [[#sysdig/1034](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1034)]
* Fix OSX Build incompatibility with latest version of libcurl [[#291](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/291)]
### Minor Changes
* Updated the Kubernetes example to provide an additional example: Daemon Set using RBAC and a ConfigMap for configuration. Also expanded the documentation for both the RBAC and non-RBAC examples. [[#309](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/309)]
### Rule Changes
* Refactor the shell-related rules to reduce false positives. These changes significantly decrease the scope of the rules so they trigger only for shells spawned below specific processes instead of anywhere. [[#301](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/301)] [[#304](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/304)]
* Lots of rule changes based on feedback from Sysdig Secure community [[#293](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/293)] [[#298](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/298)] [[#300](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/300)] [[#307](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/307)] [[#315](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/315)]
## v0.8.1
Released 2017-10-10
### Bug Fixes
* Fix packaging to specify correct built-in config file [[#288](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/288)]
## v0.8.0
Released 2017-10-10
**Important**: the location for falco's configuration file has moved from `/etc/falco.yaml` to `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. The default rules file has moved from `/etc/falco_rules.yaml` to `/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml`. In addition, 0.8.0 has added a _local_ ruls file to `/etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml`. See [the documentation](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Falco-Default-and-Local-Rules-Files) for more details.
### Major Changes
* Add the ability to append one list to another list by setting an `append: true` attribute. [[#264](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/264)]
* Add the ability to append one macro/rule to another list by setting an `append: true` attribute. [[#277](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/277)]
* Ensure that falco rules/config files are preserved across package upgrades/removes if modified. [[#278](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/278)]
* Add the notion of a "local" rules file that should contain modifications to the default falco rules file. [[#278](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/278)]
* When using json output, separately include the individual templated fields in the json object. [[#282](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/282)]
* Add the ability to keep a file/program pipe handle open across rule notifications. [[#283](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/283)]
* New argument `-V` validates rules file and immediately exits. [[#286](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/286)]
### Minor Changes
* Minor updates to falco example programs [[#248](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/248)] [[#275](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/275)]
* Also validate macros at rule parse time. [[#257](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/257)]
* Minor README typo fixes [[#276](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/276)]
* Add a government CLA (contributor license agreement). [[#263](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/263)]
* Add ability to only run rules with a priority >= some threshold [[#281](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/281)]
* Add ability to make output channels unbuffered [[#285](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/285)]
### Bug Fixes
* Fix installation of falco on OSX [[#252](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/252)]
* Fix a bug that caused the trailing whitespace of a quoted string to be accidentally removed [[#254](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/254)]
* When multiple sets of kernel headers are installed, find the one for the running kernel [[#260](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/260)]
* Allow pathnames in rule/macro conditions to contain '.' characters [[#262](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/262)]
* Fix a bug where a list named "foo" would be substituted even if it were a substring of a longer word like "my_foo" [[#258](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/258)]
* Remove extra trailing newlines from rule output strings [[#265](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/265)]
* Improve build pathnames to avoid relative paths when possible [[#284](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/284)]
### Rule Changes
* Significant changes to default ruleset to address FPs. These changes resulted from hundreds of hours of use in actual customer environments. [[#247](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/247)] [[#259](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/259)]
* Add official gitlab EE docker image to list of known shell spawning images. Thanks @dkerwin! [[#270](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/270)]
* Add keepalived to list of shell spawning binaries. Thanks @dkerwin! [[#269](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/269)]
## v0.7.0
Released 2017-05-30
### Major Changes
* Update the priorities of falco rules to use a wider range of priorities rather than just ERROR/WARNING. More info on the use of priorities in the ruleset can be found [here](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Falco-Rules#rule-priorities). [[#244](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/244)]
### Minor Changes
None.
### Bug Fixes
* Fix typos in various markdown files. Thanks @sublimino! [[#241](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/241)]
### Rule Changes
* Add gitlab-mon as a gitlab binary, which allows it to run shells, etc. Thanks @dkerwin! [[#237](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/237)]
* A new rule Terminal shell in container" that looks for shells spawned in a container with an attached terminal. [[#242](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/242)]
* Fix some FPs related to the sysdig monitor agent. [[#243](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/243)]
* Fix some FPs related to stating containers combined with missed events [[#243](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/243)]
## v0.6.1
Released 2017-05-15
### Major Changes
None
### Minor Changes
* Small changes to token bucket used to throttle falco events [[#234](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/234)] [[#235](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/235)] [[#236](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/236)] [[#238](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/238)]
### Bug Fixes
* Update the falco driver to work with kernel 4.11 [[#829](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/829)]
### Rule Changes
* Don't allow apache2 to spawn shells in containers [[#231](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/231)] [[#232](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/232)]
## v0.6.0
Released 2017-03-29
### Major Changes
* Add the notion of tagged falco rules. Full documentation for this feature is available on the [wiki](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Falco-Rules#rule-tags). [[#58](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/58)] [[#59](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/59)] [[#60](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/60)] [[#206](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/206)]
* Falco now has its own dedicated kernel module. Previously, it would depend on sysdig being installed and would use sysdig's `sysdig-probe` kernel module. This ensures you can upgrade sysdig and falco without kernel driver compatibility problems. More details on the kernel module and its installation are on the [wiki](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Falco-Kernel-Module). [[#215](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/215)] [[#223](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/223)] [[#224](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/224)]
* When providing multiple rules files by specifying `-r' multiple times, make sure that you can override rules/lists/macros. Previously, a list/macro/rule specified in an earlier file could not be overridden in a later file. [[#176](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/176)] [[#177](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/177)]
* Add example k8s yaml files that show how to run falco as a k8s DaemonSet, and how to run falco-event-generator as a deployment running on one node. [[#222](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/222)] [[#225](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/225)] [[#226](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/226)]
* Update third party libraries to address security vulnerabilities. [[#182](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/182)]
* Falco can now be built on OSX. Like sysdig, on OSX it is limited to reading existing trace files. [[#210](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/210)]
### Minor Changes
* Several changes to [falco-event-generator](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Generating-Sample-Events) to improve usability. [[#205](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/205)]
* Switch to a formatter cache provided by sysdig code instead of using our own. [[#212](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/212)]
* Add automated tests that use locally-built docker images. [[#188](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/188)]
### Bug Fixes
* Make sure output strings are not truncated when a given %field expression has a NULL value. [[#180](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/180)] [[#181](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/181)]
* Allow ASSERTs when running travisci tests. [[#199](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/199)]
* Fix make dependencies for lyaml. [[#204](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/204)] [[#130](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/130)]
* (This was a change in sysdig, but affected falco). Prevent hangs when traversing malformed parent thread state. [[#208](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/208)]
### Rule Changes
* Add confd as a program that can write files below /etc and fleetctl as a program that can spawn shells. [[#175](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/175)]
* Add [exechealthz](https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/exec-healthz), a k8s liveness checking utility, to the list of shell spawners. [[#190](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/190)]
* Eliminate FPs related to weekly ubuntu cron jobs. [[#192](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/192)]
* Allow shells spawned by ansible, and eliminate FPs when managing machines via ansible. [[#193](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/193)] [[#196](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/196)] [[#202](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/202)]
* Eliminate FPs related to use of other security products. Thanks to @juju4 for the useful rule updates. [[#200](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/200)]
* Add additional possible locations for denyhosts, add [PM2](http://pm2.keymetrics.io/) as a shell spawner. [[#202](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/202)]
* Add flanneld as a privileged container, improve grouping for the "x running y" macros, allow denyhosts to spawn shells. [[#207](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/207)]
* Handle systemd changing its name to "(systemd)", add sv (part of [runit](http://smarden.org/runit/)) as a program that can write below /etc, allow writing to all `/dev/tty*` files. [[#209](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/209)]
* Add erl_child_setup as a shell spawner. Thanks to @dkerwin for the useful rule updates. [[#218](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/218)] [[#221](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/221)]
* Add support for gitlab omnibus containers/pods. Thanks to @dkerwin for the useful rule updates. [[#220](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/220)]
## v0.5.0
Released 2016-12-22
Starting with this release, we're adding a new section "Rule Changes" devoted to changes to the default ruleset `falco_rules.yaml`.
### Major Changes
* Cache event formatting objects so they are not re-created for every falco notification. This can result in significant speedups when the ruleset results in lots of notifications. [[#158](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/158)]
* Falco notifications are now throttled by a token bucket, preventing a flood of notifications when many events match a rule. Controlled by the `outputs, rate` and `outputs, max_burst` options. [[#161](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/161)]
### Minor Changes
* When run from a container, you can provide the environment variable `SYSDIG_SKIP_LOAD` to skip the process of building/loading the kernel module. Thanks @carlsverre for the fix. [[#145](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/145)]
* Fully implement `USE_BUNDLED_DEPS` within CMakeFiles so you can build with external third-party libraries. [[#147](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/147)]
* Improve error messages that result when trying to load a rule with a malformed `output:` attribute [[#150](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/150)] [[#151](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/151)]
* Add the ability to write event capture statistics to a file via the `-s <statsfile>` option. [[#155](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/155)]
* New configuration option `log_level` controls the verbosity of falco's logging. [[#160](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/160)]
### Bug Fixes
* Improve compatibility with Sysdig Cloud Agent build [[#148](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/148)]
### Rule Changes
* Add DNF as non-alerting for RPM and package management. Thanks @djcross for the fix. [[#153](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/153)]
* Make `google_containers/kube-proxy` a trusted image, affecting the File Open by Privileged Container/Sensitive Mount by Container rules. [[#159](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/159)]
* Add fail2ban-server as a program that can spawn shells. Thanks @jcoetzee for the fix. [[#168](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/168)]
* Add systemd as a program that can access sensitive files. Thanks @jcoetzee for the fix. [[#169](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/169)]
* Add apt/apt-get as programs that can spawn shells. Thanks @jcoetzee for the fix. [[#170](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/170)]
Read the [change log](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md)
Dev Branch: [](https://travis-ci.org/draios/falco)<br />
@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ Falco can detect and alert on any behavior that involves making Linux system cal
- A non-device file is written to `/dev`
- A standard system binary (like `ls`) makes an outbound network connection
#### How Falco Compares to Other Security Tools like SELinux, Auditd, etc.
One of the questions we often get when we talk about Sysdig Falco is “How does it compare to other tools like SELinux, AppArmor, Auditd, etc. that also have security policies?”. We wrote a [blog post](https://sysdig.com/blog/selinux-seccomp-falco-technical-discussion/) comparing Falco to other tools.
Documentation
---
[Visit the wiki] (https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki) for full documentation on falco.
[Visit the wiki](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki) for full documentation on falco.
Join the Community
---
*Contact the [official mailing list] (https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/falco) for support and to talk with other users.
*Follow us on [Twitter] (https://twitter.com/sysdig) for general falco and sysdig news.
*This is our [blog] (https://sysdig.com/blog/), where you can find the latest [falco](https://sysdig.com/blog/tag/falco/) posts.
* Join our [Public Slack](https://sysdig.slack.com) channel for sysdig and falco announcements and discussions.
*Follow us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/sysdig) for general falco and sysdig news.
*This is our [blog](https://sysdig.com/blog/), where you can find the latest [falco](https://sysdig.com/blog/tag/falco/) posts.
*Join our [Public Slack](https://slack.sysdig.com) channel for sysdig and falco announcements and discussions.
License Terms
---
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ Falco is licensed to you under the [GPL 2.0](./COPYING) open source license.
Contributor License Agreements
---
###Background
###Background
As we did for sysdig, we are formalizing the way that we accept contributions of code from the contributing community. We must now ask that contributions to falco be provided subject to the terms and conditions of a [Contributor License Agreement (CLA)](./cla). The CLA comes in two forms, applicable to contributions by individuals, or by legal entities such as corporations and their employees. We recognize that entering into a CLA with us involves real consideration on your part, and we’ve tried to make this process as clear and simple as possible.
We’ve modeled our CLA off of industry standards, such as [the CLA used by Kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). Note that this agreement is not a transfer of copyright ownership, this simply is a license agreement for contributions, intended to clarify the intellectual property license granted with contributions from any person or entity. It is for your protection as a contributor as well as the protection of falco; it does not change your rights to use your own contributions for any other purpose.
As always, we are grateful for your past and present contributions to falco.
###What do I need to do in order to contribute code?
###What do I need to do in order to contribute code?
**Individual contributions**: Individuals who wish to make contributions must review the [Individual Contributor License Agreement](./cla/falco_contributor_agreement.txt) and indicate agreement by adding the following line to every GIT commit message:
```
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@email.com>
```
Use your real name; pseudonyms or anonymous contributions are not allowed.
**Corporate contributions**: Employees of corporations, members of LLCs or LLPs, or others acting on behalf of a contributing entity, must review the [Corporate Contributor License Agreement](./cla/falco_corp_contributor_agreement.txt), must be an authorized representative of the contributing entity, and indicate agreement to it on behalf of the contributing entity by adding the following lines to every GIT commit message:
```
falco-CLA-1.0-contributing-entity: Full Legal Name of Entity
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@email.com>
falco-CLA-1.0-contributing-entity: Full Legal Name of Entity
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@email.com>
```
Use a real name of a natural person who is an authorized representative of the contributing entity; pseudonyms or anonymous contributions are not allowed.
**Government contributions**: Employees or officers of the United States Government, must review the [Government Contributor License Agreement](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/cla/falco_govt_contributor_agreement.txt), must be an authorized representative of the contributing entity, and indicate agreement to it on behalf of the contributing entity by adding the following lines to every GIT commit message:
```
falco-CLA-1.0-contributing-govt-entity: Full Legal Name of Entity
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@email.com>
This file is a work of authorship of an employee or officer of the United States Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States under 17 USC 105.
```
Use a real name of a natural person who is an authorized representative of the contributing entity; pseudonyms or anonymous contributions are not allowed.
DRAIOS, INC. <20> OPEN SOURCE CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT FOR UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTING ENTITIES (<28>Agreement<6E>)
Draios, Inc. (<28>Draios<6F> or <20>Sysdig<69>) welcomes the work of others on our open source software projects. To contribute code back to our repositories, we require a contributing entity that is a United States Government agency to complete, and agree to, the Government Contributor Agreement (GCA) set forth here, by and through a designated authorized representative. This agreement clarifies the ability for us to use and incorporate the contributions of a government contributing entity in our projects and products. After agreeing to these terms, a contributing entity may contribute to our projects. To indicate the agreement of the contributing entity, an authorized representative shall follow the procedure set forth below under TO AGREE, after reading this Agreement. A <20>contributing entity<74> means any agency or unit of the United States government. We provide a separate CLA for individual contributors.
You accept and agree to the following terms and conditions for Your present and future Contributions that are submitted to Draios/Sysdig.
1. Definitions. "You" (or "Your") shall mean the contributing entity that has authored or otherwise has the right to contribute the Contribution, and that is making this Agreement with Draios/Sysdig. "Contribution" shall mean any original work of authorship, including any modifications or additions to an existing work, that is intentionally submitted by You to Draios/Sysdig for inclusion in, or documentation of, any of the products owned or managed by Draios/Sysdig (the "Work"). For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to Draios/Sysdig or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, Draios/Sysdig for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by You as "Not a Contribution."
2. Contributions Not Subject to Copyright. Each Contribution is a work authored by the United States Government or an employee or officer thereof and is not subject to copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, You hereby grant to Draios/Sysdig and to recipients of software distributed by Draios/Sysdig a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims that You have the right to license and that are necessarily infringed by Your Contribution(s) alone or by combination of Your Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If any entity other than Draios/Sysdig institutes patent litigation against You or any other entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that your Contribution, or the Work to which you have contributed, constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to that entity under this Agreement for that Contribution or Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. You represent to Draios/Sysdig that You own or have the right to contribute Your Contributions to Draios/Sysdig, and that You are legally entitled to grant the license set forth above.
5. You represent that each of Your Contributions is Your original creation (see section 7 for submissions on behalf of others). You represent that Your Contribution submissions include complete details of any third-party license or other restriction (including, but not limited to, related patents and trademarks) of which You are personally aware and which are associated with any part of Your Contributions. You represent that Your sign-off indicating assent to this Agreement includes the real name of a natural person who is an authorized representative of You, and not a pseudonym, and that You are not attempting or making an anonymous Contribution.
6. You are not expected to provide support for Your Contributions, except to the extent You desire to provide support. You may provide support for free, for a fee, or not at all. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, You provide Your Contributions to Draios/Sysdig on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON- INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
7. If You wish to submit work that is not Your original creation, You may submit it to Draios/Sysdig separately from any Contribution, identifying the complete details of its source and of any license or other restriction (including, but not limited to, related patents, trademarks, and license agreements) of which You are aware, and conspicuously marking the work as "Submitted on behalf of a third-party: [named here]".
8. You agree to notify Draios/Sysdig of any facts or circumstances of which you become aware that would make these representations inaccurate in any respect.
9. You understand and agree that this project and Your Contribution are public and that a record of the contribution, including all personal information that You submit with it, including the sign-off of Your authorized representative, may be stored by Draios/Sysdig indefinitely and may be redistributed to others. You understand and agree that Draios/Sysdig has no obligation to use any Contribution in any Draios/Sysdig project or product, and Draios/Sysdig may decline to accept Your Contributions or Draios/Sysdig may remove Your Contributions from Draios/Sysdig projects or products at any time without notice. You understand and agree that Draios/Sysdig is not and will not pay You any form of compensation, in currency, equity or otherwise, in exchange for Your Contributions or for Your assent to this Agreement. You understand and agree that You are independent of Draios/Sysdig and You are not, by entering into this Agreement or providing Your Contributions, becoming employed, hired as an independent contractor, or forming any other relationship with Draios/Sysdig relating to employment, compensation or ownership or involving any fiduciary obligation.
TO AGREE:
Add the following lines to every GIT commit message:
falco-CLA-1.0-contributing-govt-entity: Full Legal Name of Entity
falco-CLA-1.0-signed-off-by: Joe Smith joe.smith@email.com
This file is a work of authorship of an employee or officer of the United States Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States under 17 USC 105.
Use a real name of a natural person who is an authorized representative of the contributing entity; pseudonyms or anonymous contributions are not allowed.
Based on a [blog post](https://sysdig.com/blog/detecting-cryptojacking/) we wrote, this example shows how an overly permissive container environment can be exploited to install cryptomining software and how use of the exploit can be detected using Sysdig Falco.
Although the exploit in the blog post involved modifying the cron configuration on the host filesystem, in this example we keep the host filesystem untouched. Instead, we have a container play the role of the "host", and set up everything using [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) and [docker-in-docker](https://hub.docker.com/_/docker/).
## Requirements
In order to run this example, you need Docker Engine >= 1.13.0 and docker-compose >= 1.10.0, as well as curl.
## Example architecture
The example consists of the following:
*`host-machine`: A docker-in-docker instance that plays the role of the host machine. It runs a cron daemon and an independent copy of the docker daemon that listens on port 2375. This port is exposed to the world, and this port is what the attacker will use to install new software on the host.
*`attacker-server`: A nginx instance that serves the malicious files and scripts using by the attacker.
*`falco`: A Falco instance to detect the suspicious activity. It connects to the docker daemon on `host-machine` to fetch container information.
All of the above are configured in the docker-compose file [demo.yml](./demo.yml).
A separate container is created to launch the attack:
*`docker123321-mysql` An [alpine](https://hub.docker.com/_/alpine/) container that mounts /etc from `host-machine` into /mnt/etc within the container. The json container description is in the file [docker123321-mysql-container.json](./docker123321-mysql-container.json).
## Example Walkthrough
### Start everything using docker-compose
To make sure you're starting from scratch, first run `docker-compose -f demo.yml down -v` to remove any existing containers, volumes, etc.
Then run `docker-compose -f demo.yml up --build` to create the `host-machine`, `attacker-server`, and `falco` containers.
When you see log output like the following, you know that falco is started and ready:
```
falco_1 | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Falco initialized with configuration file /etc/falco/falco.yaml
falco_1 | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Parsed rules from file /etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml
falco_1 | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Parsed rules from file /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml
```
### Launch malicious container
To launch the malicious container, we will connect to the docker instance running in `host-machine`, which has exposed port 2375 to the world. We create and start a container via direct use of the docker API (although you can do the same via `docker run -H http://localhost:2375 ...`.
The script `launch_malicious_container.sh` performs the necessary POSTs:
It also touches the file `/mnt/etc/crontabs/cron.update`, which corresponds to `/etc/crontabs/cron/update` on the host, to force cron to re-read its cron configuration. This ensures that every minute, cron will download the script (disguised as [logo3.jpg](attacker_files/logo3.jpg)) from `attacker-server` and run it.
You can see `docker123321-mysql` running by checking the container list for the docker instance running in `host-machine` via `docker -H localhost:2375 ps`. You should see output like the following:
```
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
68ed578bd034 alpine:latest "/bin/sh -c 'echo '*…" About a minute ago Up About a minute docker123321-mysql
```
Once the cron job runs, you will see output like the following:
To observe Falco detecting the malicious activity, you can look for `falco_1` lines in the output. Falco will detect the container launch with the sensitive mount:
```
falco_1 | 22:37:24.478583438: Informational Container with sensitive mount started (user=root command=runc:[1:CHILD] init docker123321-mysql (id=97587afcf89c) image=alpine:latest mounts=/etc:/mnt/etc::true:rprivate)
This directory gives you the required YAML files to stand up Sysdig Falco on Kubernetes as a Daemon Set. This will result in a Falco Pod being deployed to each node, and thus the ability to monitor any running containers for abnormal behavior.
The two options are provided to deploy a Daemon Set:
-`k8s-with-rbac` - This directory provides a definition to deploy a Daemon Set on Kubernetes with RBAC enabled.
-`k8s-without-rbac` - This directory provides a definition to deploy a Daemon Set on Kubernetes without RBAC enabled.
Also provided:
-`falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml` - A Kubernetes Deployment to generate sample events. This is useful for testing, but note it will generate a large number of events.
## Deploying to Kubernetes with RBAC enabled
Since v1.8 RBAC has been available in Kubernetes, and running with RBAC enabled is considered the best practice. The `k8s-with-rbac` directory provides the YAML to create a Service Account for Falco, as well as the ClusterRoles and bindings to grant the appropriate permissions to the Service Account.
clusterrolebinding "falco-cluster-role-binding" created
k8s-using-daemonset$
```
The Daemon Set also relies on a Kubernetes ConfigMap to store the Falco configuration and make the configuration available to the Falco Pods. This allows you to manage custom configuration without rebuilding and redeploying the underlying Pods. In order to create the ConfigMap you'll need to first need to copy the required configuration from their location in this GitHub repo to the `k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/` directory. Any modification of the configuration should be performed on these copies rather than the original files.
If you want to send Falco alerts to a Slack channel, you'll want to modify the `falco.yaml` file to point to your Slack webhook. For more information on getting a webhook URL for your Slack team, refer to the [Slack documentation](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks). Add the below to the bottom of the `falco.yaml` config file you just copied to enable Slack messages.
You will also need to enable JSON output. Find the `json_output: false` setting in the `falco.yaml` file and change it to read `json_output: true`. Any custom rules for your environment can be added to into the `falco_rules.local.yaml` file and they will be picked up by Falco at start time. You can now create the ConfigMap in Kubernetes.
If you are running Kubernetes with Legacy Authorization enabled, you can use `kubectl` to deploy the Daemon Set provided in the `k8s-without-rbac` directory. The example provides the ability to post messages to a Slack channel via a webhook. For more information on getting a webhook URL for your Slack team, refer to the [Slack documentation](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks). Modify the [`args`](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/examples/k8s-using-daemonset/falco-daemonset.yaml#L21) passed to the Falco container to point to the appropriate URL for your webhook.
In order to test that Falco is working correctly, you can launch a shell in a Pod. You should see a message in your Slack channel (if configured), or in the logs of the Falco pod.
{"output":"17:48:58.590038385: Notice A shell was spawned in a container with an attached terminal (user=root k8s.pod=falco-74htl container=a98c2aa8e670 shell=bash parent=<NA> cmdline=bash terminal=34816)","priority":"Notice","rule":"Terminal shell in container","time":"2017-12-20T17:48:58.590038385Z", "output_fields": {"container.id":"a98c2aa8e670","evt.time":1513792138590038385,"k8s.pod.name":"falco-74htl","proc.cmdline":"bash ","proc.name":"bash","proc.pname":null,"proc.tty":34816,"user.name":"root"}}
k8s-using-daemonset$
```
Alternatively, you can deploy the [Falco Event Generator](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Generating-Sample-Events) deployement to have events automatically generated. Please note that this Deployment will generate a large number of events.
2. [Module Description - What the module does and why it is useful](#module-description)
3. [Setup - The basics of getting started with falco](#setup)
* [What falco affects](#what-falco-affects)
* [Beginning with falco](#beginning-with-falco)
4. [Usage - Configuration options and additional functionality](#usage)
5. [Reference - An under-the-hood peek at what the module is doing and how](#reference)
5. [Limitations - OS compatibility, etc.](#limitations)
6. [Development - Guide for contributing to the module](#development)
## Overview
Sysdig Falco is a behavioral activity monitor designed to detect anomalous activity in your applications. Powered by sysdig’s system call capture infrastructure, falco lets you continuously monitor and detect container, application, host, and network activity... all in one place, from one source of data, with one set of rules.
#### What kind of behaviors can Falco detect?
Falco can detect and alert on any behavior that involves making Linux system calls. Thanks to Sysdig's core decoding and state tracking functionality, falco alerts can be triggered by the use of specific system calls, their arguments, and by properties of the calling process. For example, you can easily detect things like:
- A shell is run inside a container
- A container is running in privileged mode, or is mounting a sensitive path like `/proc` from the host.
- A server process spawns a child process of an unexpected type
- Unexpected read of a sensitive file (like `/etc/shadow`)
- A non-device file is written to `/dev`
- A standard system binary (like `ls`) makes an outbound network connection
## Module Description
This module configures falco as a systemd service. You configure falco
to send its notifications to one or more output channels (syslog,
files, programs).
## Setup
### What falco affects
This module affects the following:
* The main falco configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`, including
** Output format (JSON vs plain text)
** Log level
** Rule priority level to run
** Output buffering
** Output throttling
** Output channels (syslog, file, program)
### Beginning with falco
To have Puppet install falco with the default parameters, declare the falco class:
``` puppet
class { 'falco': }
```
When you declare this class with the default options, the module:
* Installs the appropriate falco software package and installs the falco-probe kernel module for your operating system.
* Creates the required configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. By default only syslog output is enabled.
* Starts the falco service.
## Usage
### Enabling file output
To enable file output, set the `file_output` hash, as follows:
``` puppet
class { 'falco':
file_output => {
'enabled' => 'true',
'keep_alive' => 'false',
'filename' => '/tmp/falco-events.txt'
},
}
```
### Enabling program output
To enable program output, set the `program_output` hash and optionally the `json_output` parameters, as follows:
``` puppet
class { 'falco':
json_output => 'true',
program_output => {
'enabled' => 'true',
'keep_alive' => 'false',
'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
},
}
```
## Reference
* [**Public classes**](#public-classes)
* [Class: falco](#class-falco)
### Public Classes
#### Class: `falco`
Guides the basic setup and installation of falco on your system.
When this class is declared with the default options, Puppet:
* Installs the appropriate falco software package and installs the falco-probe kernel module for your operating system.
* Creates the required configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. By default only syslog output is enabled.
* Starts the falco service.
You can simply declare the default `falco` class:
``` puppet
class { 'falco': }
```
###### `rules_file`
An array of files for falco to load. Order matters--the first file listed will be loaded first.
Minimum rule priority level to load and run. All rules having a
priority more severe than this level will be loaded/run. Can be one
of "emergency", "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice",
"info", "debug".
Default: `debug`
##### `buffered_outputs`
Whether or not output to any of the output channels below is
buffered.
Default: `true`
##### `outputs_rate`/`outputs_max_burst`
A throttling mechanism implemented as a token bucket limits the
rate of falco notifications. This throttling is controlled by the following configuration
options:
* `outputs_rate`: the number of tokens (i.e. right to send a notification)
gained per second. Defaults to 1.
* `outputs_max_burst`: the maximum number of tokens outstanding. Defaults to 1000.
##### `syslog_output
Controls syslog output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
*`enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `true`.
Example:
``` puppet
class { 'falco':
syslog_output => {
'enabled' => 'true',
},
}
```
##### `file_output`
Controls file output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `false`.
* `keep_alive`: If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and continuously written to, with each output message on its own line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened for each output message. Default: `false`.
* `filename`: Notifications will be written to this file.
Example:
``` puppet
class { 'falco':
file_output => {
'enabled' => 'true',
'keep_alive' => 'false',
'filename' => '/tmp/falco-events.txt'
},
}
```
##### `program_output
Controls program output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
*`enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `false`.
*`keep_alive`: If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and continuously written to, with each output message on its own line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened for each output message. Default: `false`.
*`program`: Notifications will be written to this program.
Example:
``` puppet
class { 'falco':
program_output => {
'enabled' => 'true',
'keep_alive' => 'false',
'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
},
}
```
## Limitations
The module works where falco works as a daemonized service (generally, Linux only).
## Development
For more information on Sysdig Falco, visit our [github](https://github.com/draios/falco) or [web site](https://sysdig.com/opensource/falco/).
stderr_contains:"Runtime error: Error loading rules:.* Invalid output format 'An open was seen %not_a_real_field': 'invalid formatting token not_a_real_field'. Exiting."
rules_file:
- rules/invalid_rule_output.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_rules:
detect:False
rules_file:
- rules/empty_rules.yaml
- rules/single_rule.yaml
disabled_rules:
- open_from_cat
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_rules_using_regex:
detect:False
rules_file:
- rules/empty_rules.yaml
- rules/single_rule.yaml
disabled_rules:
- "open.*"
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_rules_using_enabled_flag:
detect:False
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule_enabled_flag.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_and_enabled_rules_1:
exit_status:1
stderr_contains:"Runtime error: You can not specify both disabled .-D/-T. and enabled .-t. rules. Exiting."
disable_tags:[a]
run_tags:[a]
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_and_enabled_rules_2:
exit_status:1
stderr_contains:"Runtime error: You can not specify both disabled .-D/-T. and enabled .-t. rules. Exiting."
disabled_rules:
- "open.*"
run_tags:[a]
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
null_output_field:
detect:True
detect_level:WARNING
rules_file:
- rules/null_output_field.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
stdout_contains:"Warning An open was seen .cport=<NA> command=cat /dev/null."
file_output:
detect:True
detect_level:WARNING
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule.yaml
conf_file:confs/file_output.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
outputs:
- /tmp/falco_outputs/file_output.txt:Warning An open was seen
program_output:
detect:True
detect_level:WARNING
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule.yaml
conf_file:confs/program_output.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
outputs:
- /tmp/falco_outputs/program_output.txt:Warning An open was seen
stderr_contains:"Runtime error: Error loading rules:.* Invalid output format 'An open was seen %not_a_real_field': 'invalid formatting token not_a_real_field'. Exiting."
rules_file:
- rules/invalid_rule_output.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_rules:
detect:False
rules_file:
- rules/empty_rules.yaml
- rules/single_rule.yaml
disabled_rules:
- open_from_cat
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_rules_using_regex:
detect:False
rules_file:
- rules/empty_rules.yaml
- rules/single_rule.yaml
disabled_rules:
- "open.*"
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
disabled_rules_using_enabled_flag:
detect:False
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule_enabled_flag.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
file_output:
detect:True
detect_level:WARNING
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule.yaml
conf_file:confs/file_output.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
outputs:
- /tmp/falco_outputs/file_output.txt:Warning An open was seen
program_output:
detect:True
detect_level:WARNING
rules_file:
- rules/single_rule.yaml
conf_file:confs/program_output.yaml
trace_file:trace_files/cat_write.scap
outputs:
- /tmp/falco_outputs/program_output.txt:Warning An open was seen
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