Release v1.10.0

(skopeo inspect) now provides more information about individual layers.

The default /etc/containers/registries.d/default.yaml now has all entries
commented-out, to use built-in defaults; that can change the default for lookaside-staging
to use an unprivileged users' home directory instead of a path in /var/.

-  GHA: Re-use identical workflow from buildah repo
-  Optimize upstream skopeo container image build
-  Fix running tests on macOS
-  Reformat with Go 1.19's gofmt
-  Fix a comment
-  Fix looking for commands with GNU make 4.2.1
-  Talk about "registry repositories" in (skopeo sync) documentation
-  Point at --all in the --preserve-digests option documentation
-  Remove unused GIT_BRANCH definition
-  Don't include git commit from a parent directory in the --version output
-  Update for c/image's update of github.com/gobuffalo/pop
-  Merge pull request #1737 from mtrmac/pop-v5-override
-  Stop using docker/docker/pkg/homedir in tests
-  add inspect layersData
-  Don't abort sync if the registry returns invalid tags
-  warn users about --dest-compress and --dest-decompress misuse
-  document imageDestOptions.warnAboutIneffectiveOptions()
-  warn about ineffective destination opts in sync cmd
-  default.yaml should have all options commented
-  Fix documentation in the default registries.d content.
-  [CI:DOCS] Add quay-description update reminder
-  Revert addition of -compat=1.17 to (go mod tidy)
-  Update for https://github.com/klauspost/pgzip/pull/50

Signed-off-by: Miloslav Trmač <mitr@redhat.com>

.cirrus.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+---
+
+# Main collection of env. vars to set for all tasks and scripts.
+env:
+    ####
+    #### Global variables used for all tasks
+    ####
+    # Name of the ultimate destination branch for this CI run, PR or post-merge.
+    DEST_BRANCH: "main"
+    # Overrides default location (/tmp/cirrus) for repo clone
+    GOPATH: &gopath "/var/tmp/go"
+    GOBIN: "${GOPATH}/bin"
+    GOCACHE: "${GOPATH}/cache"
+    GOSRC: &gosrc "/var/tmp/go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo"
+    # Required for consistency with containers/image CI
+    SKOPEO_PATH: *gosrc
+    CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR: *gosrc
+    # The default is 'sh' if unspecified
+    CIRRUS_SHELL: "/bin/bash"
+    # Save a little typing (path relative to $CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR)
+    SCRIPT_BASE: "./contrib/cirrus"
+
+    ####
+    #### Cache-image names to test with (double-quotes around names are critical)
+    ####
+    FEDORA_NAME: "fedora-36"
+
+    # Google-cloud VM Images
+    IMAGE_SUFFIX: "c5495735033528320"
+    FEDORA_CACHE_IMAGE_NAME: "fedora-${IMAGE_SUFFIX}"
+
+    # Container FQIN's
+    FEDORA_CONTAINER_FQIN: "quay.io/libpod/fedora_podman:${IMAGE_SUFFIX}"
+
+    # Built along with the standard PR-based workflow in c/automation_images
+    SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN: "quay.io/libpod/skopeo_cidev:${IMAGE_SUFFIX}"
+
+
+# Default timeout for each task
+timeout_in: 45m
+
+
+gcp_credentials: ENCRYPTED[52d9e807b531b37ab14e958cb5a72499460663f04c8d73e22ad608c027a31118420f1c80f0be0882fbdf96f49d8f9ac0]
+
+
+validate_task:
+    # The git-validation tool doesn't work well on branch or tag push,
+    # under Cirrus-CI, due to challenges obtaining the starting commit ID.
+    # Only do validation for PRs.
+    only_if: &is_pr $CIRRUS_PR != ''
+    container:
+        image: '${SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN}'
+        cpu: 4
+        memory: 8
+    script: |
+        make validate-local
+        make vendor && hack/tree_status.sh
+
+doccheck_task:
+    only_if: *is_pr
+    depends_on:
+      - validate
+    container:
+        image: "${FEDORA_CONTAINER_FQIN}"
+        cpu: 4
+        memory: 8
+    env:
+        BUILDTAGS: &withopengpg 'btrfs_noversion libdm_no_deferred_remove containers_image_openpgp'
+    script: |
+      # TODO: Can't use 'runner.sh setup' inside container.  However,
+      # removing the pre-installed package is the only necessary step
+      # at the time of this comment.
+      dnf erase -y skopeo  # Guarantee non-interference
+      "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" build
+      "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" doccheck
+
+osx_task:
+    # Run for regular PRs and those with [CI:BUILD] but not [CI:DOCS]
+    only_if: &not_docs_multiarch >-
+        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*' &&
+        $CIRRUS_CRON != 'multiarch'
+    depends_on:
+        - validate
+    macos_instance:
+        image: catalina-xcode
+    setup_script: |
+        export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
+        brew update
+        brew install gpgme go go-md2man
+        go install golang.org/x/lint/golint@latest
+    test_script: |
+        export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
+        go version
+        go env
+        make validate-local test-unit-local bin/skopeo
+        sudo make install
+        /usr/local/bin/skopeo -v
+
+
+cross_task:
+    alias: cross
+    only_if: *not_docs_multiarch
+    depends_on:
+        - validate
+    gce_instance: &standardvm
+        image_project: libpod-218412
+        zone: "us-central1-f"
+        cpu: 2
+        memory: "4Gb"
+        # Required to be 200gig, do not modify - has i/o performance impact
+        # according to gcloud CLI tool warning messages.
+        disk: 200
+        image_name: ${FEDORA_CACHE_IMAGE_NAME}
+    env:
+        BUILDTAGS: *withopengpg
+    setup_script: >-
+        "${GOSRC}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" setup
+    cross_script: >-
+        "${GOSRC}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" cross
+
+
+#####
+##### NOTE: This task is subtantially duplicated in the containers/image
+##### repository's `.cirrus.yml`.  Changes made here should be fully merged
+##### prior to being manually duplicated and maintained in containers/image.
+#####
+test_skopeo_task:
+    alias: test_skopeo
+    # Don't test for [CI:DOCS], [CI:BUILD], or 'multiarch' cron.
+    only_if: >-
+        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:BUILD.*' &&
+        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*' &&
+        $CIRRUS_CRON != 'multiarch'
+    depends_on:
+        - validate
+    gce_instance:
+        image_project: libpod-218412
+        zone: "us-central1-f"
+        cpu: 2
+        memory: "4Gb"
+        # Required to be 200gig, do not modify - has i/o performance impact
+        # according to gcloud CLI tool warning messages.
+        disk: 200
+        image_name: ${FEDORA_CACHE_IMAGE_NAME}
+    matrix:
+        - name: "Skopeo Test"  # N/B: Name ref. by hack/get_fqin.sh
+          env:
+              BUILDTAGS: 'btrfs_noversion libdm_no_deferred_remove'
+        - name: "Skopeo Test w/ opengpg"
+          env:
+              BUILDTAGS: *withopengpg
+    setup_script: >-
+        "${GOSRC}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" setup
+    vendor_script: >-
+        "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" vendor
+    build_script: >-
+        "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" build
+    unit_script: >-
+        "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" unit
+    integration_script: >-
+        "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" integration
+    system_script: >
+        "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" system
+
+
+image_build_task: &image-build
+    name: "Build multi-arch $CTXDIR"
+    alias: image_build
+    # Some of these container images take > 1h to build, limit
+    # this task to a specific Cirrus-Cron entry with this name.
+    only_if: $CIRRUS_CRON == 'multiarch'
+    timeout_in: 120m  # emulation is sssllllooooowwww
+    gce_instance:
+        <<: *standardvm
+        image_name: build-push-${IMAGE_SUFFIX}
+        # More muscle required for parallel multi-arch build
+        type: "n2-standard-4"
+    matrix:
+        - env:
+            CTXDIR: contrib/skopeoimage/upstream
+        - env:
+            CTXDIR: contrib/skopeoimage/testing
+        - env:
+            CTXDIR: contrib/skopeoimage/stable
+    env:
+        SKOPEO_USERNAME: ENCRYPTED[4195884d23b154553f2ddb26a63fc9fbca50ba77b3e447e4da685d8639ed9bc94b9a86a9c77272c8c80d32ead9ca48da]
+        SKOPEO_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[36e06f9befd17e5da2d60260edb9ef0d40e6312e2bba4cf881d383f1b8b5a18c8e5a553aea2fdebf39cebc6bd3b3f9de]
+        CONTAINERS_USERNAME: ENCRYPTED[dd722c734641f103b394a3a834d51ca5415347e378637cf98ee1f99e64aad2ec3dbd4664c0d94cb0e06b83d89e9bbe91]
+        CONTAINERS_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[d8b0fac87fe251cedd26c864ba800480f9e0570440b9eb264265b67411b253a626fb69d519e188e6c9a7f525860ddb26]
+    main_script:
+        - source /etc/automation_environment
+        - main.sh $CIRRUS_REPO_CLONE_URL $CTXDIR
+
+
+test_image_build_task:
+    <<: *image-build
+    alias: test_image_build
+    # Allow this to run inside a PR w/ [CI:BUILD] only.
+    only_if: $CIRRUS_PR != '' && $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE =~ '.*CI:BUILD.*'
+    # This takes a LONG time, only run when requested.  N/B: Any task
+    # made to depend on this one will block FOREVER unless triggered.
+    # DO NOT ADD THIS TASK AS DEPENDENCY FOR `success_task`.
+    trigger_type: manual
+    # Overwrite all 'env', don't push anything, just do the build.
+    env:
+        DRYRUN: 1
+
+
+# This task is critical.  It updates the "last-used by" timestamp stored
+# in metadata for all VM images.  This mechanism functions in tandem with
+# an out-of-band pruning operation to remove disused VM images.
+meta_task:
+    name: "VM img. keepalive"
+    alias: meta
+    container: &smallcontainer
+        cpu: 2
+        memory: 2
+        image: quay.io/libpod/imgts:latest
+    env:
+        # Space-separated list of images used by this repository state
+        IMGNAMES: |
+            ${FEDORA_CACHE_IMAGE_NAME}
+            build-push-${IMAGE_SUFFIX}
+        BUILDID: "${CIRRUS_BUILD_ID}"
+        REPOREF: "${CIRRUS_REPO_NAME}"
+        GCPJSON: ENCRYPTED[6867b5a83e960e7c159a98fe6c8360064567a071c6f4b5e7d532283ecd870aa65c94ccd74bdaa9bf7aadac9d42e20a67]
+        GCPNAME: ENCRYPTED[1cf558ae125e3c39ec401e443ad76452b25d790c45eb73d77c83eb059a0f7fd5085ef7e2f7e410b04ea6e83b0aab2eb1]
+        GCPPROJECT: libpod-218412
+    clone_script: &noop mkdir -p "$CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR"
+    script: /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
+
+
+# Status aggregator for all tests.  This task simply ensures a defined
+# set of tasks all passed, and allows confirming that based on the status
+# of this task.
+success_task:
+    name: "Total Success"
+    alias: success
+    # N/B: ALL tasks must be listed here, minus their '_task' suffix.
+    depends_on:
+        - validate
+        - doccheck
+        - osx
+        - cross
+        - test_skopeo
+        - image_build
+        - meta
+    container: *smallcontainer
+    env:
+        CTR_FQIN: ${FEDORA_CONTAINER_FQIN}
+        TEST_ENVIRON: container
+    clone_script: *noop
+    script: /bin/true

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+- package-ecosystem: gomod
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: daily
+    time: "10:00"
+    timezone: Europe/Berlin
+  open-pull-requests-limit: 10
+

.github/workflows/check_cirrus_cron.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+
+on:
+  # Note: This only applies to the default branch.
+  schedule:
+    # N/B: This should correspond to a period slightly after
+    # the last job finishes running.  See job defs. at:
+    # https://cirrus-ci.com/settings/repository/6706677464432640
+    - cron:  '59 23 * * 1-5'
+  # Debug: Allow triggering job manually in github-actions WebUI
+  workflow_dispatch: {}
+
+jobs:
+  # Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/reusing-workflows
+  call_cron_failures:
+    uses: containers/buildah/.github/workflows/check_cirrus_cron.yml@main
+    secrets: inherit

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: Mark stale issues and pull requests
+
+# Please refer to https://github.com/actions/stale/blob/master/action.yml
+# to see all config knobs of the stale action.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 0 * * *"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  stale:
+    permissions:
+      issues: write  # for actions/stale to close stale issues
+      pull-requests: write  # for actions/stale to close stale PRs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/stale@98ed4cb500039dbcccf4bd9bedada4d0187f2757 # v3
+      with:
+        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        stale-issue-message: 'A friendly reminder that this issue had no activity for 30 days.'
+        stale-pr-message: 'A friendly reminder that this PR had no activity for 30 days.'
+        stale-issue-label: 'stale-issue'
+        stale-pr-label: 'stale-pr'
+        days-before-stale: 30
+        days-before-close: 365
+        remove-stale-when-updated: true

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 *.1
 /layers-*
 /skopeo
-
+result
+/completions/
 # ignore JetBrains IDEs (GoLand) config folder
-.idea
+.idea
+
+# Ignore the bin directory
+bin

.travis.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-  -  os: linux
-     sudo: required
-     services:
-       - docker
-  -  os: osx
-
-go:
-  - 1.13.x
-
-notifications:
-  email: false
-
-install:
-  # NOTE: The (brew update) should not be necessary, and slows things down;
-  # we include it as a workaround for https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/3299
-  # ideally Travis should bake the (brew update) into its images
-  # (https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/8552 ), but that’s only going
-  # to happen around November 2017 per https://blog.travis-ci.com/2017-10-16-a-new-default-os-x-image-is-coming .
-  # Remove the (brew update) at that time.
-  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update && brew install gpgme ; fi
-
-script:
-  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]];   then hack/travis_osx.sh ; fi
-  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then make vendor && ./hack/tree_status.sh && make check ; fi

CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 ## The skopeo Project Community Code of Conduct
 
-The skopeo project follows the [Containers Community Code of Conduct](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/master/CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md).
+The skopeo project follows the [Containers Community Code of Conduct](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/main/CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md).

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -117,37 +117,39 @@ commit automatically with `git commit -s`.
 
 ### Dependencies management
 
-Make sure [`vndr`](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) is installed.
+Dependencies are managed via [standard go modules](https://golang.org/ref/mod).
 
 In order to add a new dependency to this project:
 
-- add a new line to `vendor.conf` according to `vndr` rules (e.g. `github.com/pkg/errors master`)
+- use `go get -d path/to/dep@version` to add a new line to `go.mod`
 - run `make vendor`
 
 In order to update an existing dependency:
 
-- update the relevant dependency line in `vendor.conf`
+- use `go get -d -u path/to/dep@version` to update the relevant dependency line in `go.mod`
 - run `make vendor`
 
 When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `skopeo` (i.e. `containers/image` tests fail in `make test-skopeo`):
 
 - create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
-- update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
+- find out the version of `containers/image` you want to use and note its commit ID. You might also want to use a fork of `containers/image`, in that case note its repo
+- use `go get -d github.com/$REPO/image/v5@$COMMIT_ID` to download the right version. The command will fetch the dependency and then fail because of a conflict in `go.mod`, this is expected. Note the pseudo-version (eg. `v5.13.1-0.20210707123201-50afbf0a326`)
+- use `go mod edit -replace=github.com/containers/image/v5=github.com/$REPO/image/v5@$PSEUDO_VERSION` to add a replacement line to `go.mod` (e.g. `replace github.com/containers/image/v5 => github.com/moio/image/v5 v5.13.1-0.20210707123201-50afbf0a3262`)
 - run `make vendor`
-- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
+- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now required by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
 - optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
 - submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
 - iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed
 - then the original `containers/image` PR can be merged, disregarding its `make test-skopeo` failure
-- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, restore the `containers/image` line in `vendor.conf` to use `containers/image:master`
+- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, use `go mod edit -dropreplace=github.com/containers/image` to remove the `replace` line in `go.mod`
 - run `make vendor`
 - update the skopeo PR with the result, drop the “DO NOT MERGE” marking
-- after tests complete succcesfully again, merge the skopeo PR
+- after tests complete successfully again, merge the skopeo PR
 
 ## Communications
 
 For general questions, or discussions, please use the 
-IRC group on `irc.freenode.net` called `container-projects`
+IRC channel on `irc.libera.chat` called `#container-projects`
 that has been setup.
 
 For discussions around issues/bugs and features, you can use the github

Dockerfile

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-FROM fedora
-
-RUN dnf -y update && dnf install -y make git golang golang-github-cpuguy83-md2man \
-	# storage deps
-	btrfs-progs-devel \
-	device-mapper-devel \
-	# gpgme bindings deps
-	libassuan-devel gpgme-devel \
-	gnupg \
-	# htpasswd for system tests
-	httpd-tools \
-	# OpenShift deps
-	which tar wget hostname util-linux bsdtar socat ethtool device-mapper iptables tree findutils nmap-ncat e2fsprogs xfsprogs lsof docker iproute \
-        bats jq podman runc \
-	golint \
-	&& dnf clean all
-
-# Install two versions of the registry. The first is an older version that
-# only supports schema1 manifests. The second is a newer version that supports
-# both. This allows integration-cli tests to cover push/pull with both schema1
-# and schema2 manifests.
-RUN set -x \
-	&& REGISTRY_COMMIT_SCHEMA1=ec87e9b6971d831f0eff752ddb54fb64693e51cd \
-	&& REGISTRY_COMMIT=47a064d4195a9b56133891bbb13620c3ac83a827 \
-	&& export GOPATH="$(mktemp -d)" \
-	&& git clone https://github.com/docker/distribution.git "$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution" \
-	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution" && git checkout -q "$REGISTRY_COMMIT") \
-	&& GOPATH="$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution/Godeps/_workspace:$GOPATH" \
-		go build -o /usr/local/bin/registry-v2 github.com/docker/distribution/cmd/registry \
-	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution" && git checkout -q "$REGISTRY_COMMIT_SCHEMA1") \
-	&& GOPATH="$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution/Godeps/_workspace:$GOPATH" \
-		go build -o /usr/local/bin/registry-v2-schema1 github.com/docker/distribution/cmd/registry \
-	&& rm -rf "$GOPATH"
-
-RUN set -x \
-	&& export GOPATH=$(mktemp -d) \
-	&& git clone --depth 1 -b v1.5.0-alpha.3 git://github.com/openshift/origin "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin" \
-	# The sed edits out a "go < 1.5" check which works incorrectly with go ≥ 1.10. \
-	&& sed -i -e 's/\[\[ "\${go_version\[2]}" < "go1.5" ]]/false/' "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/hack/common.sh" \
-	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin" && make clean build && make all WHAT=cmd/dockerregistry) \
-	&& cp -a "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/_output/local/bin/linux"/*/* /usr/local/bin \
-	&& cp "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/images/dockerregistry/config.yml" /atomic-registry-config.yml \
-	&& rm -rf "$GOPATH" \
-	&& mkdir /registry
-
-ENV GOPATH /usr/share/gocode:/go
-ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/share/gocode/bin:$PATH
-RUN go version
-WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
-COPY . /go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
-
-#ENTRYPOINT ["hack/dind"]

Dockerfile.build

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-FROM ubuntu:19.10
-
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
-    golang \
-    libbtrfs-dev \
-    git-core \
-    libdevmapper-dev \
-    libgpgme11-dev \
-    go-md2man \
-    libglib2.0-dev
-
-ENV GOPATH=/
-WORKDIR /src/github.com/containers/skopeo

Makefile

@@ -1,36 +1,42 @@
-.PHONY: all binary build-container docs docs-in-container build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration .install.vndr vendor vendor-in-container
+.PHONY: all binary docs docs-in-container build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration .install.vndr vendor vendor-in-container
 
 export GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org
 
-ifeq ($(shell uname),Darwin)
-PREFIX ?= ${DESTDIR}/usr/local
-DARWIN_BUILD_TAG=
-# On macOS, (brew install gpgme) installs it within /usr/local, but /usr/local/include is not in the default search path.
-# Rather than hard-code this directory, use gpgme-config. Sadly that must be done at the top-level user
-# instead of locally in the gpgme subpackage, because cgo supports only pkg-config, not general shell scripts,
-# and gpgme does not install a pkg-config file.
-# If gpgme is not installed or gpgme-config can’t be found for other reasons, the error is silently ignored
-# (and the user will probably find out because the cgo compilation will fail).
-GPGME_ENV := CGO_CFLAGS="$(shell gpgme-config --cflags 2>/dev/null)" CGO_LDFLAGS="$(shell gpgme-config --libs 2>/dev/null)"
+# The following variables very roughly follow https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Makefile-Conventions .
+DESTDIR ?=
+PREFIX ?= /usr/local
+ifeq ($(shell uname -s),FreeBSD)
+CONTAINERSCONFDIR ?= /usr/local/etc/containers
 else
-PREFIX ?= ${DESTDIR}/usr
+CONTAINERSCONFDIR ?= /etc/containers
 endif
+REGISTRIESDDIR ?= ${CONTAINERSCONFDIR}/registries.d
+LOOKASIDEDIR ?= /var/lib/containers/sigstore
+BINDIR ?= ${PREFIX}/bin
+MANDIR ?= ${PREFIX}/share/man
 
-INSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/bin
-MANINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/man
-CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR=${DESTDIR}/etc/containers
-REGISTRIESDDIR=${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}/registries.d
-SIGSTOREDIR=${DESTDIR}/var/lib/containers/sigstore
 BASHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/bash-completion/completions
+ZSHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/zsh/site-functions
+FISHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/fish/vendor_completions.d
 
 GO ?= go
 GOBIN := $(shell $(GO) env GOBIN)
+GOOS ?= $(shell go env GOOS)
+GOARCH ?= $(shell go env GOARCH)
+
 ifeq ($(GOBIN),)
 GOBIN := $(GOPATH)/bin
 endif
 
-CONTAINER_RUNTIME := $(shell command -v podman 2> /dev/null || echo docker)
-GOMD2MAN ?= $(shell command -v go-md2man || echo '$(GOBIN)/go-md2man')
+# Scripts may also use CONTAINER_RUNTIME, so we need to export it.
+# Note possibly non-obvious aspects of this:
+# - We need to use 'command -v' here, not 'which', for compatibility with MacOS.
+# - GNU Make 4.2.1 (included in Ubuntu 20.04) incorrectly tries to avoid invoking
+#   a shell, and fails because there is no /usr/bin/command. The trailing ';' in
+#   $(shell … ;) defeats that heuristic (recommended in
+#   https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/index.php?57625 ).
+export CONTAINER_RUNTIME ?= $(if $(shell command -v podman ;),podman,docker)
+GOMD2MAN ?= $(if $(shell command -v go-md2man ;),go-md2man,$(GOBIN)/go-md2man)
 
 # Go module support: set `-mod=vendor` to use the vendored sources.
 # See also hack/make.sh.
@@ -43,14 +49,37 @@ ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
   override GOGCFLAGS += -N -l
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(shell $(GO) env GOOS), linux)
-  GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
+ifeq ($(GOOS), linux)
+  ifneq ($(GOARCH),$(filter $(GOARCH),mips mipsle mips64 mips64le ppc64 riscv64))
+    GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
+  endif
 endif
 
-GIT_BRANCH := $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
-IMAGE := skopeo-dev$(if $(GIT_BRANCH),:$(GIT_BRANCH))
-# set env like gobuildtag?
-CONTAINER_CMD := ${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm -i -e TESTFLAGS="$(TESTFLAGS)" #$(CONTAINER_ENVS)
+# If $TESTFLAGS is set, it is passed as extra arguments to 'go test'.
+# You can increase test output verbosity with the option '-test.vv'.
+# You can select certain tests to run, with `-test.run <regex>` for example:
+#
+#     make test-unit TESTFLAGS='-test.run ^TestManifestDigest$'
+#
+# For integration test, we use [gocheck](https://labix.org/gocheck).
+# You can increase test output verbosity with the option '-check.vv'.
+# You can limit test selection with `-check.f <regex>`, for example:
+#
+#     make test-integration TESTFLAGS='-check.f CopySuite.TestCopy.*'
+export TESTFLAGS ?= -v -check.v -test.timeout=15m
+
+# This is assumed to be set non-empty when operating inside a CI/automation environment
+CI ?=
+
+# This env. var. is interpreted by some tests as a permission to
+# modify local configuration files and services.
+export SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS ?= $(if $(CI),1,0)
+
+# This is a compromise, we either use a container for this or require
+# the local user to have a compatible python3 development environment.
+# Define it as a "resolve on use" variable to avoid calling out when possible
+SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN ?= $(shell hack/get_fqin.sh)
+CONTAINER_CMD ?= ${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm -i -e TESTFLAGS="$(TESTFLAGS)" -e CI=$(CI) -e SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1
 # if this session isn't interactive, then we don't want to allocate a
 # TTY, which would fail, but if it is interactive, we do want to attach
 # so that the user can send e.g. ^C through.
@@ -58,16 +87,21 @@ INTERACTIVE := $(shell [ -t 0 ] && echo 1 || echo 0)
 ifeq ($(INTERACTIVE), 1)
 	CONTAINER_CMD += -t
 endif
-CONTAINER_RUN := $(CONTAINER_CMD) "$(IMAGE)"
+CONTAINER_GOSRC = /src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+CONTAINER_RUN ?= $(CONTAINER_CMD) --security-opt label=disable -v $(CURDIR):$(CONTAINER_GOSRC) -w $(CONTAINER_GOSRC) $(SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN)
 
-GIT_COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
+GIT_COMMIT := $(shell GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$$(cd ..; pwd) git rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
+
+EXTRA_LDFLAGS ?=
+SKOPEO_LDFLAGS := -ldflags '-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT} $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)'
 
 MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
 MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
 
 BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
 LIBDM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libdm_tag.sh)
-LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(DARWIN_BUILD_TAG)
+LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libsubid_tag.sh)
+LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG)
 BUILDTAGS += $(LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS)
 
 ifeq ($(DISABLE_CGO), 1)
@@ -78,14 +112,19 @@ endif
 #     Note: Uses the -N -l go compiler options to disable compiler optimizations
 #           and inlining. Using these build options allows you to subsequently
 #           use source debugging tools like delve.
-all: binary docs-in-container
+all: bin/skopeo docs
+
+codespell:
+	codespell -S Makefile,build,buildah,buildah.spec,imgtype,copy,AUTHORS,bin,vendor,.git,go.sum,CHANGELOG.md,changelog.txt,seccomp.json,.cirrus.yml,"*.xz,*.gz,*.tar,*.tgz,*ico,*.png,*.1,*.5,*.orig,*.rej" -L fpr,uint,iff,od,ERRO -w
 
 help:
 	@echo "Usage: make <target>"
 	@echo
+	@echo "Defaults to building bin/skopeo and docs"
+	@echo
 	@echo " * 'install' - Install binaries and documents to system locations"
 	@echo " * 'binary' - Build skopeo with a container"
-	@echo " * 'binary-local' - Build skopeo locally"
+	@echo " * 'bin/skopeo' - Build skopeo locally"
 	@echo " * 'test-unit' - Execute unit tests"
 	@echo " * 'test-integration' - Execute integration tests"
 	@echo " * 'validate' - Verify whether there is no conflict and all Go source files have been formatted, linted and vetted"
@@ -93,95 +132,117 @@ help:
 	@echo " * 'shell' - Run the built image and attach to a shell"
 	@echo " * 'clean' - Clean artifacts"
 
-# Build a container image (skopeobuild) that has everything we need to build.
-# Then do the build and the output (skopeo) should appear in current dir
+# Do the build and the output (skopeo) should appear in current dir
 binary: cmd/skopeo
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
-		skopeobuildimage make binary-local $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
-
-binary-static: cmd/skopeo
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
-		skopeobuildimage make binary-local-static $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) make bin/skopeo $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 # Build w/o using containers
-binary-local:
-	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) ${GO_DYN_FLAGS} -ldflags "-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
-
-binary-local-static:
-	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) -ldflags "-extldflags \"-static\" -X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
-
-build-container:
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -t "$(IMAGE)" .
+.PHONY: bin/skopeo
+bin/skopeo:
+	$(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) ${GO_DYN_FLAGS} ${SKOPEO_LDFLAGS} -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o $@ ./cmd/skopeo
+bin/skopeo.%:
+	GOOS=$(word 2,$(subst ., ,$@)) GOARCH=$(word 3,$(subst ., ,$@)) $(GO) build $(MOD_VENDOR) ${SKOPEO_LDFLAGS} -tags "containers_image_openpgp $(BUILDTAGS)" -o $@ ./cmd/skopeo
+local-cross: bin/skopeo.darwin.amd64 bin/skopeo.linux.arm bin/skopeo.linux.arm64 bin/skopeo.windows.386.exe bin/skopeo.windows.amd64.exe
 
 $(MANPAGES): %: %.md
-	@sed -e 's/\((skopeo.*\.md)\)//' -e 's/\[\(skopeo.*\)\]/\1/' $<  | $(GOMD2MAN) -in /dev/stdin -out $@
+ifneq ($(DISABLE_DOCS), 1)
+	sed -e 's/\((skopeo.*\.md)\)//' -e 's/\[\(skopeo.*\)\]/\1/' $<  | $(GOMD2MAN) -in /dev/stdin -out $@
+endif
 
 docs: $(MANPAGES)
 
 docs-in-container:
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
-	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
-		skopeobuildimage make docs $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+	${CONTAINER_RUN} $(MAKE) docs $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG))
+
+.PHONY: completions
+completions: bin/skopeo
+	install -d -m 755 completions/bash completions/zsh completions/fish completions/powershell
+	./bin/skopeo completion bash >| completions/bash/skopeo
+	./bin/skopeo completion zsh >| completions/zsh/_skopeo
+	./bin/skopeo completion fish >| completions/fish/skopeo.fish
+	./bin/skopeo completion powershell >| completions/powershell/skopeo.ps1
 
 clean:
-	rm -f skopeo docs/*.1
+	rm -rf bin docs/*.1 completions/
 
 install: install-binary install-docs install-completions
-	install -d -m 755 ${SIGSTOREDIR}
-	install -d -m 755 ${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}
-	install -m 644 default-policy.json ${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}/policy.json
-	install -d -m 755 ${REGISTRIESDDIR}
-	install -m 644 default.yaml ${REGISTRIESDDIR}/default.yaml
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${LOOKASIDEDIR}
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${CONTAINERSCONFDIR}
+	install -m 644 default-policy.json ${DESTDIR}${CONTAINERSCONFDIR}/policy.json
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${REGISTRIESDDIR}
+	install -m 644 default.yaml ${DESTDIR}${REGISTRIESDDIR}/default.yaml
 
-install-binary: ./skopeo
-	install -d -m 755 ${INSTALLDIR}
-	install -m 755 skopeo ${INSTALLDIR}/skopeo
+install-binary: bin/skopeo
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}
+	install -m 755 bin/skopeo ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/skopeo
 
 install-docs: docs
-	install -d -m 755 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1
-	install -m 644 docs/*.1 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1/
+ifneq ($(DISABLE_DOCS), 1)
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${MANDIR}/man1
+	install -m 644 docs/*.1 ${DESTDIR}${MANDIR}/man1
+endif
 
-install-completions:
-	install -m 755 -d ${BASHINSTALLDIR}
-	install -m 644 completions/bash/skopeo ${BASHINSTALLDIR}/skopeo
+install-completions: completions
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${BASHINSTALLDIR}
+	install -m 644 completions/bash/skopeo ${DESTDIR}${BASHINSTALLDIR}
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${ZSHINSTALLDIR}
+	install -m 644 completions/zsh/_skopeo ${DESTDIR}${ZSHINSTALLDIR}
+	install -d -m 755 ${DESTDIR}${FISHINSTALLDIR}
+	install -m 644 completions/fish/skopeo.fish ${DESTDIR}${FISHINSTALLDIR}
+	# There is no common location for powershell files so do not install them. Users have to source the file from their powershell profile.
 
-shell: build-container
+shell:
 	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash
 
 check: validate test-unit test-integration test-system
 
-# The tests can run out of entropy and block in containers, so replace /dev/random.
-test-integration: build-container
-	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash -c 'rm -f /dev/random; ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random; SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-integration'
+test-integration:
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) $(MAKE) test-integration-local
+
+
+# Intended for CI, assumed to be running in quay.io/libpod/skopeo_cidev container.
+test-integration-local: bin/skopeo
+	hack/make.sh test-integration
 
 # complicated set of options needed to run podman-in-podman
-test-system: build-container
+# TODO: The $(RM) command will likely fail w/o `podman unshare`
+test-system:
 	DTEMP=$(shell mktemp -d --tmpdir=/var/tmp podman-tmp.XXXXXX); \
 	$(CONTAINER_CMD) --privileged \
-	    -v $$DTEMP:/var/lib/containers:Z -v /run/systemd/journal/socket:/run/systemd/journal/socket \
-            "$(IMAGE)" \
-            bash -c 'BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-system'; \
+		-v $(CURDIR):$(CONTAINER_GOSRC) -w $(CONTAINER_GOSRC) \
+		-v $$DTEMP:/var/lib/containers:Z -v /run/systemd/journal/socket:/run/systemd/journal/socket \
+		"$(SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN)" \
+			$(MAKE) test-system-local; \
 	rc=$$?; \
-	$(RM) -rf $$DTEMP; \
+	-$(RM) -rf $$DTEMP; \
 	exit $$rc
 
-test-unit: build-container
-	# Just call (make test unit-local) here instead of worrying about environment differences
-	$(CONTAINER_RUN) make test-unit-local BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+# Intended for CI, assumed to already be running in quay.io/libpod/skopeo_cidev container.
+test-system-local: bin/skopeo
+	hack/make.sh test-system
 
-validate: build-container
-	$(CONTAINER_RUN) hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
+test-unit:
+	# Just call (make test unit-local) here instead of worrying about environment differences
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) $(MAKE) test-unit-local
+
+validate:
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) $(MAKE) validate-local
 
 # This target is only intended for development, e.g. executing it from an IDE. Use (make test) for CI or pre-release testing.
-test-all-local: validate-local test-unit-local
+test-all-local: validate-local validate-docs test-unit-local
 
+.PHONY: validate-local
 validate-local:
-	hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
+	BUILDTAGS="${BUILDTAGS}" hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
 
-test-unit-local:
-	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) test $(MOD_VENDOR) -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list $(MOD_VENDOR) -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/containers/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
+# This invokes bin/skopeo, hence cannot be run as part of validate-local
+.PHONY: validate-docs
+validate-docs:
+	hack/man-page-checker
+	hack/xref-helpmsgs-manpages
+
+test-unit-local: bin/skopeo
+	$(GO) test $(MOD_VENDOR) -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list $(MOD_VENDOR) -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/containers/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
 
 vendor:
 	$(GO) mod tidy
@@ -189,4 +250,9 @@ vendor:
 	$(GO) mod verify
 
 vendor-in-container:
-	podman run --privileged --rm --env HOME=/root -v `pwd`:/src -w /src docker.io/library/golang:1.13 make vendor
+	podman run --privileged --rm --env HOME=/root -v $(CURDIR):/src -w /src golang $(MAKE) vendor
+
+# CAUTION: This is not a replacement for RPMs provided by your distro.
+# Only intended to build and test the latest unreleased changes.
+rpm:
+	rpkg local

OWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+approvers:
+  - mtrmac
+  - lsm5
+  - TomSweeneyRedHat
+  - rhatdan
+  - vrothberg
+reviewers:
+  - ashley-cui
+  - giuseppe
+  - containers/image-maintainers
+  - lsm5
+  - mtrmac
+  - QiWang19
+  - rhatdan
+  - runcom
+  - TomSweeneyRedHat
+  - vrothberg

README.md

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Skopeo works with API V2 container image registries such as [docker.io](https://
    For example you can copy images from one registry to another, without requiring privilege.
  * Inspecting a remote image showing its properties including its layers, without requiring you to pull the image to the host.
  * Deleting an image from an image repository.
+ * Syncing an external image repository to an internal registry for air-gapped deployments.
  * When required by the repository, skopeo can pass the appropriate credentials and certificates for authentication.
 
  Skopeo operates on the following image and repository types:
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ $ skopeo inspect --config docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest  | j
   ]
 }
 ```
-#### Show unverifed image's digest
+#### Show unverified image's digest
 ```console
 $ skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest | jq '.Digest'
 "sha256:655721ff613ee766a4126cb5e0d5ae81598e1b0c3bcf7017c36c4d72cb092fe9"
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ $ skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest | jq '.Digest
 
 * Container Storage backends
 
-  -  github.com/containers/storage (Backend for [Podman](https://podman.io), [CRI-O](https://cri-o.io), [Buildah](https://buildah.io) and friends)
+  -  [github.com/containers/storage](https://github.com/containers/storage) (Backend for [Podman](https://podman.io), [CRI-O](https://cri-o.io), [Buildah](https://buildah.io) and friends)
 
   -  Docker daemon storage
 
@@ -154,17 +155,22 @@ $ skopeo copy oci:busybox_ocilayout:latest dir:existingemptydirectory
 $ skopeo delete docker://localhost:5000/imagename:latest
 ```
 
+## Syncing registries
+```console
+$ skopeo sync --src docker --dest dir registry.example.com/busybox /media/usb
+```
+
 ## Authenticating to a registry
 
 #### Private registries with authentication
 skopeo uses credentials from the --creds (for skopeo inspect|delete) or --src-creds|--dest-creds (for skopeo copy) flags, if set; otherwise it uses configuration set by skopeo login, podman login, buildah login, or docker login.
 
 ```console
-$ skopeo login --user USER docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000
+$ skopeo login --username USER myregistrydomain.com:5000
 Password:
 $ skopeo inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
 {"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}
-$ skopeo logout docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000
+$ skopeo logout myregistrydomain.com:5000
 ```
 
 #### Using --creds directly
@@ -189,6 +195,20 @@ Contributing
 
 Please read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) if you want to collaborate in the project.
 
+## Commands
+| Command                                            | Description                                                                                  |
+| -------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| [skopeo-copy(1)](/docs/skopeo-copy.1.md)           | Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.        |
+| [skopeo-delete(1)](/docs/skopeo-delete.1.md)       | Mark the image-name for later deletion by the registry's garbage collector.                                                                |
+| [skopeo-inspect(1)](/docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md)     | Return  low-level  information about image-name in a registry.                                |
+| [skopeo-list-tags(1)](/docs/skopeo-list-tags.1.md) | Return a list of tags for the transport-specific image repository.                               |
+| [skopeo-login(1)](/docs/skopeo-login.1.md)         | Login to a container registry.                                                               |
+| [skopeo-logout(1)](/docs/skopeo-logout.1.md)       | Logout of a container registry.                                                              |
+| [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](/docs/skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest for a manifest-file and write it to standard output.   |
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](/docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Debugging tool - Publish and sign an image in one step.                                                         |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](/docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image signature.                                                    |
+| [skopeo-sync(1)](/docs/skopeo-sync.1.md)           | Synchronize images between registry repositories and local directories.                      |
+
 License
 -
 skopeo is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See

SECURITY.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 ## Security and Disclosure Information Policy for the skopeo Project
 
-The skopeo Project follows the [Security and Disclosure Information Policy](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for the Containers Projects.
+The skopeo Project follows the [Security and Disclosure Information Policy](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/main/SECURITY.md) for the Containers Projects.

cmd/skopeo/cgo_pthread_ordering_workaround.go

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// +build !containers_image_openpgp
-
-package main
-
-/*
-This is a pretty horrible workaround.  Due to a glibc bug
-https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1326903 , we must ensure we link
-with -lgpgme before -lpthread.  Such arguments come from various packages
-using cgo, and the ordering of these arguments is, with current (go tool link),
-dependent on the order in which the cgo-using packages are found in a
-breadth-first search following dependencies, starting from “main”.
-
-Thus, if
-   import "net"
-is processed before
-   import "…/skopeo/signature"
-it will, in the next level of the BFS, pull in "runtime/cgo" (a dependency of
-"net") before "mtrmac/gpgme" (a dependency of "…/skopeo/signature"), causing
--lpthread (used by "runtime/cgo") to be used before -lgpgme.
-
-This might be possible to work around by careful import ordering, or by removing
-a direct dependency on "net", but that would be very fragile.
-
-So, until the above bug is fixed, add -lgpgme directly in the "main" package
-to ensure the needed build order.
-
-Unfortunately, this workaround needs to be applied at the top level of any user
-of "…/skopeo/signature"; it cannot be added to "…/skopeo/signature" itself,
-by that time this package is first processed by the linker, a -lpthread may
-already be queued and it would be too late.
-*/
-
-// #cgo LDFLAGS: -lgpgme
-import "C"

cmd/skopeo/completions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// autocompleteSupportedTransports list all supported transports with the colon suffix.
+func autocompleteSupportedTransports(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	tps := transports.ListNames()
+	suggestions := make([]string, 0, len(tps))
+	for _, tp := range tps {
+		suggestions = append(suggestions, tp+":")
+	}
+	return suggestions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+}

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -4,42 +4,56 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/copy"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/cli"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-
 	encconfig "github.com/containers/ocicrypt/config"
 	enchelpers "github.com/containers/ocicrypt/helpers"
-	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type copyOptions struct {
-	global            *globalOptions
-	srcImage          *imageOptions
-	destImage         *imageDestOptions
-	additionalTags    []string       // For docker-archive: destinations, in addition to the name:tag specified as destination, also add these
-	removeSignatures  bool           // Do not copy signatures from the source image
-	signByFingerprint string         // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
-	format            optionalString // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
-	quiet             bool           // Suppress output information when copying images
-	all               bool           // Copy all of the images if the source is a list
-	encryptLayer      []int          // The list of layers to encrypt
-	encryptionKeys    []string       // Keys needed to encrypt the image
-	decryptionKeys    []string       // Keys needed to decrypt the image
+	global                   *globalOptions
+	deprecatedTLSVerify      *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption
+	srcImage                 *imageOptions
+	destImage                *imageDestOptions
+	retryOpts                *retry.Options
+	additionalTags           []string                  // For docker-archive: destinations, in addition to the name:tag specified as destination, also add these
+	removeSignatures         bool                      // Do not copy signatures from the source image
+	signByFingerprint        string                    // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
+	signBySigstorePrivateKey string                    // Sign the image using a sigstore private key
+	signPassphraseFile       string                    // Path pointing to a passphrase file when signing (for either signature format, but only one of them)
+	signIdentity             string                    // Identity of the signed image, must be a fully specified docker reference
+	digestFile               string                    // Write digest to this file
+	format                   commonFlag.OptionalString // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
+	quiet                    bool                      // Suppress output information when copying images
+	all                      bool                      // Copy all of the images if the source is a list
+	multiArch                commonFlag.OptionalString // How to handle multi architecture images
+	preserveDigests          bool                      // Preserve digests during copy
+	encryptLayer             []int                     // The list of layers to encrypt
+	encryptionKeys           []string                  // Keys needed to encrypt the image
+	decryptionKeys           []string                  // Keys needed to decrypt the image
 }
 
 func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	srcFlags, srcOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "src-", "screds")
-	destFlags, destOpts := imageDestFlags(global, sharedOpts, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt := deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags()
+	srcFlags, srcOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt, "src-", "screds")
+	destFlags, destOpts := imageDestFlags(global, sharedOpts, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := copyOptions{global: global,
-		srcImage:  srcOpts,
-		destImage: destOpts,
+		deprecatedTLSVerify: deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt,
+		srcImage:            srcOpts,
+		destImage:           destOpts,
+		retryOpts:           retryOpts,
 	}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "copy [command options] SOURCE-IMAGE DESTINATION-IMAGE",
@@ -51,30 +65,61 @@ Supported transports:
 
 See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		Example: `skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com container-storage:example/busybox:streaming docker://example/busybox:gold`,
+		RunE:              commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example:           `skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest`,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&srcFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&destFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.additionalTags, "additional-tag", []string{}, "additional tags (supports docker-archive)")
 	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Suppress output information when copying images")
 	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.all, "all", "a", false, "Copy all images if SOURCE-IMAGE is a list")
+	flags.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&opts.multiArch), "multi-arch", `How to handle multi-architecture images (system, all, or index-only)`)
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.preserveDigests, "preserve-digests", false, "Preserve digests of images and lists")
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.removeSignatures, "remove-signatures", false, "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE")
 	flags.StringVar(&opts.signByFingerprint, "sign-by", "", "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`")
-	flags.VarP(newOptionalStringValue(&opts.format), "format", "f", `MANIFEST TYPE (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)`)
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey, "sign-by-sigstore-private-key", "", "Sign the image using a sigstore private key at `PATH`")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signPassphraseFile, "sign-passphrase-file", "", "Read a passphrase for signing an image from `PATH`")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signIdentity, "sign-identity", "", "Identity of signed image, must be a fully specified docker reference. Defaults to the target docker reference.")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.digestFile, "digestfile", "", "Write the digest of the pushed image to the specified file")
+	flags.VarP(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&opts.format), "format", "f", `MANIFEST TYPE (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use in the destination (default is manifest type of source, with fallbacks)`)
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.encryptionKeys, "encryption-key", []string{}, "*Experimental* key with the encryption protocol to use needed to encrypt the image (e.g. jwe:/path/to/key.pem)")
 	flags.IntSliceVar(&opts.encryptLayer, "encrypt-layer", []int{}, "*Experimental* the 0-indexed layer indices, with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer)")
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.decryptionKeys, "decryption-key", []string{}, "*Experimental* key needed to decrypt the image")
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+// parseMultiArch parses the list processing selection
+// It returns the copy.ImageListSelection to use with image.Copy option
+func parseMultiArch(multiArch string) (copy.ImageListSelection, error) {
+	switch multiArch {
+	case "system":
+		return copy.CopySystemImage, nil
+	case "all":
+		return copy.CopyAllImages, nil
+	// There is no CopyNoImages value in copy.ImageListSelection, but because we
+	// don't provide an option to select a set of images to copy, we can use
+	// CopySpecificImages.
+	case "index-only":
+		return copy.CopySpecificImages, nil
+	// We don't expose CopySpecificImages other than index-only above, because
+	// we currently don't provide an option to choose the images to copy. That
+	// could be added in the future.
+	default:
+		return copy.CopySystemImage, fmt.Errorf("unknown multi-arch option %q. Choose one of the supported options: 'system', 'all', or 'index-only'", multiArch)
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 	if len(args) != 2 {
 		return errorShouldDisplayUsage{errors.New("Exactly two arguments expected")}
 	}
+	opts.deprecatedTLSVerify.warnIfUsed([]string{"--src-tls-verify", "--dest-tls-verify"})
 	imageNames := args
 
 	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames...); err != nil {
@@ -85,7 +130,11 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error loading trust policy: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer policyContext.Destroy()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := policyContext.Destroy(); err != nil {
+			retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "tearing down policy context", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	srcRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[0])
 	if err != nil {
@@ -106,16 +155,10 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	}
 
 	var manifestType string
-	if opts.format.present {
-		switch opts.format.value {
-		case "oci":
-			manifestType = imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest
-		case "v2s1":
-			manifestType = manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType
-		case "v2s2":
-			manifestType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType
-		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown format %q. Choose one of the supported formats: 'oci', 'v2s1', or 'v2s2'", opts.format.value)
+	if opts.format.Present() {
+		manifestType, err = parseManifestFormat(opts.format.Value())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -137,7 +180,17 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	if opts.quiet {
 		stdout = nil
 	}
+
 	imageListSelection := copy.CopySystemImage
+	if opts.multiArch.Present() && opts.all {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Cannot use --all and --multi-arch flags together")
+	}
+	if opts.multiArch.Present() {
+		imageListSelection, err = parseMultiArch(opts.multiArch.Value())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	if opts.all {
 		imageListSelection = copy.CopyAllImages
 	}
@@ -178,17 +231,67 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		decConfig = cc.DecryptConfig
 	}
 
-	_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
-		RemoveSignatures:      opts.removeSignatures,
-		SignBy:                opts.signByFingerprint,
-		ReportWriter:          stdout,
-		SourceCtx:             sourceCtx,
-		DestinationCtx:        destinationCtx,
-		ForceManifestMIMEType: manifestType,
-		ImageListSelection:    imageListSelection,
-		OciDecryptConfig:      decConfig,
-		OciEncryptLayers:      encLayers,
-		OciEncryptConfig:      encConfig,
-	})
-	return err
+	// c/image/copy.Image does allow creating both simple signing and sigstore signatures simultaneously,
+	// with independent passphrases, but that would make the CLI probably too confusing.
+	// For now, use the passphrase with either, but only one of them.
+	if opts.signPassphraseFile != "" && opts.signByFingerprint != "" && opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Only one of --sign-by and sign-by-sigstore-private-key can be used with sign-passphrase-file")
+	}
+	var passphrase string
+	if opts.signPassphraseFile != "" {
+		p, err := cli.ReadPassphraseFile(opts.signPassphraseFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		passphrase = p
+	} else if opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey != "" {
+		p, err := promptForPassphrase(opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey, os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		passphrase = p
+	} // opts.signByFingerprint triggers a GPG-agent passphrase prompt, possibly using a more secure channel, so we usually shouldn’t prompt ourselves if no passphrase was explicitly provided.
+
+	var signIdentity reference.Named = nil
+	if opts.signIdentity != "" {
+		signIdentity, err = reference.ParseNamed(opts.signIdentity)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Could not parse --sign-identity: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	opts.destImage.warnAboutIneffectiveOptions(destRef.Transport())
+
+	return retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		manifestBytes, err := copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
+			RemoveSignatures:                 opts.removeSignatures,
+			SignBy:                           opts.signByFingerprint,
+			SignPassphrase:                   passphrase,
+			SignBySigstorePrivateKeyFile:     opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey,
+			SignSigstorePrivateKeyPassphrase: []byte(passphrase),
+			SignIdentity:                     signIdentity,
+			ReportWriter:                     stdout,
+			SourceCtx:                        sourceCtx,
+			DestinationCtx:                   destinationCtx,
+			ForceManifestMIMEType:            manifestType,
+			ImageListSelection:               imageListSelection,
+			PreserveDigests:                  opts.preserveDigests,
+			OciDecryptConfig:                 decConfig,
+			OciEncryptLayers:                 encLayers,
+			OciEncryptConfig:                 encConfig,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if opts.digestFile != "" {
+			manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest(manifestBytes)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err = os.WriteFile(opts.digestFile, []byte(manifestDigest.String()), 0644); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("Failed to write digest to file %q: %w", opts.digestFile, err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, opts.retryOpts)
 }

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -6,22 +6,26 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type deleteOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.Options
 }
 
 func deleteCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, nil, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := deleteOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "delete [command options] IMAGE-NAME",
@@ -31,13 +35,15 @@ Supported transports:
 %s
 See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		Example: `skopeo delete docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest`,
+		RunE:              commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example:           `skopeo delete docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest`,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -63,5 +69,8 @@ func (opts *deleteOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
-	return ref.DeleteImage(ctx, sys)
+
+	return retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		return ref.DeleteImage(ctx, sys)
+	}, opts.retryOpts)
 }

cmd/skopeo/flag_test.go

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestOptionalBoolSet(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, c := range []struct {
-		input    string
-		accepted bool
-		value    bool
-	}{
-		// Valid inputs documented for strconv.ParseBool == flag.BoolVar
-		{"1", true, true},
-		{"t", true, true},
-		{"T", true, true},
-		{"TRUE", true, true},
-		{"true", true, true},
-		{"True", true, true},
-		{"0", true, false},
-		{"f", true, false},
-		{"F", true, false},
-		{"FALSE", true, false},
-		{"false", true, false},
-		{"False", true, false},
-		// A few invalid inputs
-		{"", false, false},
-		{"yes", false, false},
-		{"no", false, false},
-		{"2", false, false},
-	} {
-		var ob optionalBool
-		v := internalNewOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
-		require.False(t, ob.present)
-		err := v.Set(c.input)
-		if c.accepted {
-			assert.NoError(t, err, c.input)
-			assert.Equal(t, c.value, ob.value)
-		} else {
-			assert.Error(t, err, c.input)
-			assert.False(t, ob.present) // Just to be extra paranoid.
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Nothing actually explicitly says that .Set() is never called when the flag is not present on the command line;
-	// so, check that it is not being called, at least in the straightforward case (it's not possible to test that it
-	// is not called in any possible situation).
-	var globalOB, commandOB optionalBool
-	actionRun := false
-	app := &cobra.Command{
-		Use: "app",
-	}
-	optionalBoolFlag(app.PersistentFlags(), &globalOB, "global-OB", "")
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use: "cmd",
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			assert.False(t, globalOB.present)
-			assert.False(t, commandOB.present)
-			actionRun = true
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-	optionalBoolFlag(cmd.Flags(), &commandOB, "command-OB", "")
-	app.AddCommand(cmd)
-	app.SetArgs([]string{"cmd"})
-	err := app.Execute()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.True(t, actionRun)
-}
-
-func TestOptionalBoolString(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, c := range []struct {
-		input    optionalBool
-		expected string
-	}{
-		{optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, "true"},
-		{optionalBool{present: true, value: false}, "false"},
-		{optionalBool{present: false, value: true}, ""},
-		{optionalBool{present: false, value: false}, ""},
-	} {
-		var ob optionalBool
-		v := internalNewOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
-		ob = c.input
-		res := v.String()
-		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOptionalBoolIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	// IsBoolFlag means that the argument value must either be part of the same argument, with =;
-	// if there is no =, the value is set to true.
-	// This differs form other flags, where the argument is required and may be either separated with = or supplied in the next argument.
-	for _, c := range []struct {
-		input        []string
-		expectedOB   optionalBool
-		expectedArgs []string
-	}{
-		{[]string{"1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},                                       // Flag not present
-		{[]string{"--OB=true", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"1", "2"}},              // --OB=true
-		{[]string{"--OB=false", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},            // --OB=false
-		{[]string{"--OB", "true", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"true", "1", "2"}},   // --OB true
-		{[]string{"--OB", "false", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"false", "1", "2"}}, // --OB false
-	} {
-		var ob optionalBool
-		actionRun := false
-		app := &cobra.Command{Use: "app"}
-		cmd := &cobra.Command{
-			Use: "cmd",
-			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOB, ob)
-				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, args)
-				actionRun = true
-				return nil
-			},
-		}
-		optionalBoolFlag(cmd.Flags(), &ob, "OB", "")
-		app.AddCommand(cmd)
-
-		app.SetArgs(append([]string{"cmd"}, c.input...))
-		err := app.Execute()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, actionRun)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOptionalStringSet(t *testing.T) {
-	// Really just a smoke test, but differentiating between not present and empty.
-	for _, c := range []string{"", "hello"} {
-		var os optionalString
-		v := newOptionalStringValue(&os)
-		require.False(t, os.present)
-		err := v.Set(c)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, c)
-		assert.Equal(t, c, os.value)
-	}
-
-	// Nothing actually explicitly says that .Set() is never called when the flag is not present on the command line;
-	// so, check that it is not being called, at least in the straightforward case (it's not possible to test that it
-	// is not called in any possible situation).
-	var globalOS, commandOS optionalString
-	actionRun := false
-	app := &cobra.Command{
-		Use: "app",
-	}
-	app.PersistentFlags().Var(newOptionalStringValue(&globalOS), "global-OS", "")
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use: "cmd",
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			assert.False(t, globalOS.present)
-			assert.False(t, commandOS.present)
-			actionRun = true
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-	cmd.Flags().Var(newOptionalStringValue(&commandOS), "command-OS", "")
-	app.AddCommand(cmd)
-	app.SetArgs([]string{"cmd"})
-	err := app.Execute()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.True(t, actionRun)
-}
-
-func TestOptionalStringString(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, c := range []struct {
-		input    optionalString
-		expected string
-	}{
-		{optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, "hello"},
-		{optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, ""},
-		{optionalString{present: false, value: "hello"}, ""},
-		{optionalString{present: false, value: ""}, ""},
-	} {
-		var os optionalString
-		v := newOptionalStringValue(&os)
-		os = c.input
-		res := v.String()
-		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOptionalStringIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	// NOTE: optionalStringValue does not implement IsBoolFlag!
-	// IsBoolFlag means that the argument value must either be part of the same argument, with =;
-	// if there is no =, the value is set to true.
-	// This differs form other flags, where the argument is required and may be either separated with = or supplied in the next argument.
-	for _, c := range []struct {
-		input        []string
-		expectedOS   optionalString
-		expectedArgs []string
-	}{
-		{[]string{"1", "2"}, optionalString{present: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},                                 // Flag not present
-		{[]string{"--OS=hello", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, []string{"1", "2"}},    // --OS=true
-		{[]string{"--OS=", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, []string{"1", "2"}},              // --OS=false
-		{[]string{"--OS", "hello", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, []string{"1", "2"}}, // --OS true
-		{[]string{"--OS", "", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, []string{"1", "2"}},           // --OS false
-	} {
-		var os optionalString
-		actionRun := false
-		app := &cobra.Command{
-			Use: "app",
-		}
-		cmd := &cobra.Command{
-			Use: "cmd",
-			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOS, os)
-				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, args)
-				actionRun = true
-				return nil
-			},
-		}
-		cmd.Flags().Var(newOptionalStringValue(&os), "OS", "")
-		app.AddCommand(cmd)
-		app.SetArgs(append([]string{"cmd"}, c.input...))
-		err := app.Execute()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, actionRun)
-	}
-}

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -2,49 +2,45 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+	"text/template"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/report"
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
-	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/containers/skopeo/cmd/skopeo/inspect"
+	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-// inspectOutput is the output format of (skopeo inspect), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
-type inspectOutput struct {
-	Name          string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Tag           string `json:",omitempty"`
-	Digest        digest.Digest
-	RepoTags      []string
-	Created       *time.Time
-	DockerVersion string
-	Labels        map[string]string
-	Architecture  string
-	Os            string
-	Layers        []string
-	Env           []string
-}
-
 type inspectOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
-	raw    bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
-	config bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
+	global        *globalOptions
+	image         *imageOptions
+	retryOpts     *retry.Options
+	format        string
+	raw           bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
+	config        bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
+	doNotListTags bool // Do not list all tags available in the same repository
 }
 
 func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, nil, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := inspectOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "inspect [command options] IMAGE-NAME",
@@ -55,25 +51,40 @@ Supported transports:
 
 See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
-		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
-		Example: `skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora`,
+		RunE: commandAction(opts.run),
+		Example: `skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora
+  skopeo inspect --config docker://docker.io/alpine
+  skopeo inspect  --format "Name: {{.Name}} Digest: {{.Digest}}" docker://registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8`,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.raw, "raw", false, "output raw manifest or configuration")
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.config, "config", false, "output configuration")
+	flags.StringVarP(&opts.format, "format", "f", "", "Format the output to a Go template")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.doNotListTags, "no-tags", "n", false, "Do not list the available tags from the repository in the output")
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	var (
+		rawManifest []byte
+		src         types.ImageSource
+		imgInspect  *types.ImageInspectInfo
+		data        []interface{}
+	)
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if len(args) != 1 {
 		return errors.New("Exactly one argument expected")
 	}
+	if opts.raw && opts.format != "" {
+		return errors.New("raw output does not support format option")
+	}
 	imageName := args[0]
 
 	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
@@ -85,82 +96,107 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		return err
 	}
 
-	src, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing image name %q: %v", imageName, err)
+	if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		src, err = parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing image name %q: %w", imageName, err)
 	}
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err := src.Close(); err != nil {
-			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, fmt.Sprintf("(could not close image: %v) ", err))
+			retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "closing image", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	rawManifest, _, err := src.GetManifest(ctx, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error retrieving manifest for image: %v", err)
+	if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		rawManifest, _, err = src.GetManifest(ctx, nil)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error retrieving manifest for image: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if opts.raw && !opts.config {
 		_, err := stdout.Write(rawManifest)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing manifest to standard output: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing manifest to standard output: %w", err)
 		}
+
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	img, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, sys, image.UnparsedInstance(src, nil))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing manifest for image: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing manifest for image: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if opts.config && opts.raw {
-		configBlob, err := img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading configuration blob: %v", err)
+		var configBlob []byte
+		if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+			configBlob, err = img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+			return err
+		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading configuration blob: %w", err)
 		}
 		_, err = stdout.Write(configBlob)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing configuration blob to standard output: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing configuration blob to standard output: %w", err)
 		}
 		return nil
 	} else if opts.config {
-		config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data: %v", err)
+		var config *v1.Image
+		if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+			config, err = img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+			return err
+		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data: %w", err)
+		}
+		if report.IsJSON(opts.format) || opts.format == "" {
+			var out []byte
+			out, err = json.MarshalIndent(config, "", "    ")
+			if err == nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", string(out))
+			}
+		} else {
+			row := "{{range . }}" + report.NormalizeFormat(opts.format) + "{{end}}"
+			data = append(data, config)
+			err = printTmpl(row, data)
 		}
-		err = json.NewEncoder(stdout).Encode(config)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing OCI-formatted configuration data to standard output: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing OCI-formatted configuration data to standard output: %w", err)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	imgInspect, err := img.Inspect(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		imgInspect, err = img.Inspect(ctx)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	outputData := inspectOutput{
+
+	outputData := inspect.Output{
 		Name: "", // Set below if DockerReference() is known
 		Tag:  imgInspect.Tag,
 		// Digest is set below.
-		RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overriden for docker.Transport.
+		RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overridden for docker.Transport.
 		Created:       imgInspect.Created,
 		DockerVersion: imgInspect.DockerVersion,
 		Labels:        imgInspect.Labels,
 		Architecture:  imgInspect.Architecture,
 		Os:            imgInspect.Os,
 		Layers:        imgInspect.Layers,
+		LayersData:    imgInspect.LayersData,
 		Env:           imgInspect.Env,
 	}
 	outputData.Digest, err = manifest.Digest(rawManifest)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error computing manifest digest: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error computing manifest digest: %w", err)
 	}
 	if dockerRef := img.Reference().DockerReference(); dockerRef != nil {
 		outputData.Name = dockerRef.Name()
 	}
-	if img.Reference().Transport() == docker.Transport {
+	if !opts.doNotListTags && img.Reference().Transport() == docker.Transport {
 		sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -173,15 +209,28 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 			// In addition, AWS ECR rejects it with 403 (Forbidden) if the "ecr:ListImages"
 			// action is not allowed.
 			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "401") && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "403") {
-				return fmt.Errorf("Error determining repository tags: %v", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Error determining repository tags: %w", err)
 			}
 			logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval; skipping")
 		}
 	}
-	out, err := json.MarshalIndent(outputData, "", "    ")
+	if report.IsJSON(opts.format) || opts.format == "" {
+		out, err := json.MarshalIndent(outputData, "", "    ")
+		if err == nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", string(out))
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	row := "{{range . }}" + report.NormalizeFormat(opts.format) + "{{end}}"
+	data = append(data, outputData)
+	return printTmpl(row, data)
+}
+
+func printTmpl(row string, data []interface{}) error {
+	t, err := template.New("skopeo inspect").Parse(row)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", string(out))
-	return nil
+	w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 8, 2, 2, ' ', 0)
+	return t.Execute(w, data)
 }

cmd/skopeo/inspect/output.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package inspect
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+)
+
+// Output is the output format of (skopeo inspect),
+// primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
+type Output struct {
+	Name          string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Tag           string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Digest        digest.Digest
+	RepoTags      []string
+	Created       *time.Time
+	DockerVersion string
+	Labels        map[string]string
+	Architecture  string
+	Os            string
+	Layers        []string
+	LayersData    []types.ImageInspectLayer
+	Env           []string
+}

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -1,32 +1,35 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type layersOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.Options
 }
 
 func layersCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, nil, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 	opts := layersOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Hidden: true,
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ func layersCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -60,21 +64,29 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		return err
 	}
 	cache := blobinfocache.DefaultCache(sys)
-	rawSource, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
+	var (
+		rawSource types.ImageSource
+		src       types.ImageCloser
+	)
+	if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		rawSource, err = parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	src, err := image.FromSource(ctx, sys, rawSource)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		src, err = image.FromSource(ctx, sys, rawSource)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		if closeErr := rawSource.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w (closing image source: %v)", err, closeErr)
 		}
 
 		return err
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := src.Close(); err != nil {
-			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
+			retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "closing image", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -109,7 +121,7 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(".", "layers-")
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(".", "layers-")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -124,25 +136,34 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err := dest.Close(); err != nil {
-			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
+			retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "closing destination", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
 	for _, bd := range blobDigests {
-		r, blobSize, err := rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: -1}, cache)
-		if err != nil {
+		var (
+			r        io.ReadCloser
+			blobSize int64
+		)
+		if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+			r, blobSize, err = rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: -1}, cache)
+			return err
+		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
 			if closeErr := r.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
+				return fmt.Errorf("%w (close error: %v)", err, closeErr)
 			}
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	manifest, _, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	var manifest []byte
+	if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		manifest, _, err = src.Manifest(ctx)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if err := dest.PutManifest(ctx, manifest, nil); err != nil {

cmd/skopeo/list_tags.go

@@ -3,44 +3,66 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/archive"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // tagListOutput is the output format of (skopeo list-tags), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
 type tagListOutput struct {
-	Repository string
+	Repository string `json:",omitempty"`
 	Tags       []string
 }
 
 type tagsOptions struct {
-	global *globalOptions
-	image  *imageOptions
+	global    *globalOptions
+	image     *imageOptions
+	retryOpts *retry.Options
+}
+
+var transportHandlers = map[string]func(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, opts *tagsOptions, userInput string) (repositoryName string, tagListing []string, err error){
+	docker.Transport.Name():  listDockerRepoTags,
+	archive.Transport.Name(): listDockerArchiveTags,
+}
+
+// supportedTransports returns all the supported transports
+func supportedTransports(joinStr string) string {
+	res := make([]string, 0, len(transportHandlers))
+	for handlerName := range transportHandlers {
+		res = append(res, handlerName)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(res)
+	return strings.Join(res, joinStr)
 }
 
 func tagsCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	imageFlags, imageOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, nil, "", "")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 
 	opts := tagsOptions{
-		global: global,
-		image:  imageOpts,
+		global:    global,
+		image:     imageOpts,
+		retryOpts: retryOpts,
 	}
+
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "list-tags [command options] REPOSITORY-NAME",
-		Short: "List tags in the transport/repository specified by the REPOSITORY-NAME",
-		Long: `Return the list of tags from the transport/repository "REPOSITORY-NAME"
+		Use:   "list-tags [command options] SOURCE-IMAGE",
+		Short: "List tags in the transport/repository specified by the SOURCE-IMAGE",
+		Long: `Return the list of tags from the transport/repository "SOURCE-IMAGE"
 
 Supported transports:
-docker
+` + supportedTransports(" ") + `
 
 See skopeo-list-tags(1) section "REPOSITORY NAMES" for the expected format
 `,
@@ -51,6 +73,7 @@ See skopeo-list-tags(1) section "REPOSITORY NAMES" for the expected format
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -58,12 +81,12 @@ See skopeo-list-tags(1) section "REPOSITORY NAMES" for the expected format
 // Would really love to not have this, but needed to enforce tag-less and digest-less names
 func parseDockerRepositoryReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(refString, docker.Transport.Name()+"://") {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("docker: image reference %s does not start with %s://", refString, docker.Transport.Name())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker: image reference %s does not start with %s://", refString, docker.Transport.Name())
 	}
 
 	parts := strings.SplitN(refString, ":", 2)
 	if len(parts) != 2 {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf(`Invalid image name "%s", expected colon-separated transport:reference`, refString)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(`Invalid image name "%s", expected colon-separated transport:reference`, refString)
 	}
 
 	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(strings.TrimPrefix(parts[1], "//"))
@@ -85,11 +108,63 @@ func listDockerTags(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, imgRef types.
 
 	tags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sys, imgRef)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ``, nil, fmt.Errorf("Error listing repository tags: %v", err)
+		return ``, nil, fmt.Errorf("Error listing repository tags: %w", err)
 	}
 	return repositoryName, tags, nil
 }
 
+// return the tagLists from a docker repo
+func listDockerRepoTags(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, opts *tagsOptions, userInput string) (repositoryName string, tagListing []string, err error) {
+	// Do transport-specific parsing and validation to get an image reference
+	imgRef, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(userInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		repositoryName, tagListing, err = listDockerTags(ctx, sys, imgRef)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// return the tagLists from a docker archive file
+func listDockerArchiveTags(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, opts *tagsOptions, userInput string) (repositoryName string, tagListing []string, err error) {
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(userInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	tarReader, _, err := archive.NewReaderForReference(sys, ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer tarReader.Close()
+
+	imageRefs, err := tarReader.List()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var repoTags []string
+	for imageIndex, items := range imageRefs {
+		for _, ref := range items {
+			repoTags, err = tarReader.ManifestTagsForReference(ref)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			// handle for each untagged image
+			if len(repoTags) == 0 {
+				repoTags = []string{fmt.Sprintf("@%d", imageIndex)}
+			}
+			tagListing = append(tagListing, repoTags...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 func (opts *tagsOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
 	defer cancel()
@@ -108,19 +183,17 @@ func (opts *tagsOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid %q: does not specify a transport", args[0])
 	}
 
-	if transport.Name() != docker.Transport.Name() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported transport '%v' for tag listing. Only '%v' currently supported", transport.Name(), docker.Transport.Name())
-	}
+	var repositoryName string
+	var tagListing []string
 
-	// Do transport-specific parsing and validation to get an image reference
-	imgRef, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(args[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	repositoryName, tagListing, err := listDockerTags(ctx, sys, imgRef)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	if val, ok := transportHandlers[transport.Name()]; ok {
+		repositoryName, tagListing, err = val(ctx, sys, opts, args[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported transport '%s' for tag listing. Only supported: %s",
+			transport.Name(), supportedTransports(", "))
 	}
 
 	outputData := tagListOutput{

cmd/skopeo/list_tags_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 // Tests the kinds of inputs allowed and expected to the command
@@ -17,10 +18,10 @@ func TestDockerRepositoryReferenceParser(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 
 		ref, err := parseDockerRepositoryReference(test[0])
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 		expected, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(test[0])
-		if assert.NoError(t, err, "Could not parse, got error on %v", test[0]) {
-			assert.Equal(t, expected.DockerReference().Name(), ref.DockerReference().Name(), "Mismatched parse result for input %v", test[0])
-		}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expected.DockerReference().Name(), ref.DockerReference().Name(), "Mismatched parse result for input %v", test[0])
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range [][]string{

cmd/skopeo/login.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/auth"
+	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -12,8 +13,7 @@ import (
 type loginOptions struct {
 	global    *globalOptions
 	loginOpts auth.LoginOptions
-	getLogin  optionalBool
-	tlsVerify optionalBool
+	tlsVerify commonFlag.OptionalBool
 }
 
 func loginCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func loginCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 		global: global,
 	}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "login",
+		Use:     "login [command options] REGISTRY",
 		Short:   "Login to a container registry",
 		Long:    "Login to a container registry on a specified server.",
 		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func loginCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	optionalBoolFlag(flags, &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
+	commonFlag.OptionalBoolFlag(flags, &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
 	flags.AddFlagSet(auth.GetLoginFlags(&opts.loginOpts))
 	return cmd
 }
@@ -39,9 +39,10 @@ func (opts *loginOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	defer cancel()
 	opts.loginOpts.Stdout = stdout
 	opts.loginOpts.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	opts.loginOpts.AcceptRepositories = true
 	sys := opts.global.newSystemContext()
-	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
-		sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.Value())
 	}
 	return auth.Login(ctx, sys, &opts.loginOpts, args)
 }

cmd/skopeo/logout.go

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"io"
 
 	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/auth"
+	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type logoutOptions struct {
 	global     *globalOptions
 	logoutOpts auth.LogoutOptions
+	tlsVerify  commonFlag.OptionalBool
 }
 
 func logoutCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
@@ -17,19 +20,25 @@ func logoutCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 		global: global,
 	}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "logout",
+		Use:     "logout [command options] REGISTRY",
 		Short:   "Logout of a container registry",
 		Long:    "Logout of a container registry on a specified server.",
 		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example: `skopeo logout quay.io`,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
-	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(auth.GetLogoutFlags(&opts.logoutOpts))
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	commonFlag.OptionalBoolFlag(flags, &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
+	flags.AddFlagSet(auth.GetLogoutFlags(&opts.logoutOpts))
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func (opts *logoutOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	opts.logoutOpts.Stdout = stdout
+	opts.logoutOpts.AcceptRepositories = true
 	sys := opts.global.newSystemContext()
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		sys.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.Value())
+	}
 	return auth.Logout(sys, &opts.logoutOpts, args)
 }

cmd/skopeo/main.go

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
@@ -17,18 +19,35 @@ import (
 // and will be populated by the Makefile
 var gitCommit = ""
 
+var defaultUserAgent = "skopeo/" + version.Version
+
 type globalOptions struct {
-	debug              bool          // Enable debug output
-	tlsVerify          optionalBool  // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
-	policyPath         string        // Path to a signature verification policy file
-	insecurePolicy     bool          // Use an "allow everything" signature verification policy
-	registriesDirPath  string        // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuration directory
-	overrideArch       string        // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
-	overrideOS         string        // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
-	overrideVariant    string        // Architecture variant to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
-	commandTimeout     time.Duration // Timeout for the command execution
-	registriesConfPath string        // Path to the "registries.conf" file
-	tmpDir             string        // Path to use for big temporary files
+	debug              bool                    // Enable debug output
+	tlsVerify          commonFlag.OptionalBool // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	policyPath         string                  // Path to a signature verification policy file
+	insecurePolicy     bool                    // Use an "allow everything" signature verification policy
+	registriesDirPath  string                  // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuration directory
+	overrideArch       string                  // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	overrideOS         string                  // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	overrideVariant    string                  // Architecture variant to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	commandTimeout     time.Duration           // Timeout for the command execution
+	registriesConfPath string                  // Path to the "registries.conf" file
+	tmpDir             string                  // Path to use for big temporary files
+}
+
+// requireSubcommand returns an error if no sub command is provided
+// This was copied from podman: `github.com/containers/podman/cmd/podman/validate/args.go
+// Some small style changes to match skopeo were applied, but try to apply any
+// bugfixes there first.
+func requireSubcommand(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		suggestions := cmd.SuggestionsFor(args[0])
+		if len(suggestions) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Unrecognized command `%[1]s %[2]s`\nTry '%[1]s --help' for more information", cmd.CommandPath(), args[0])
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("Unrecognized command `%[1]s %[2]s`\n\nDid you mean this?\n\t%[3]s\n\nTry '%[1]s --help' for more information", cmd.CommandPath(), args[0], strings.Join(suggestions, "\n\t"))
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("Missing command '%[1]s COMMAND'\nTry '%[1]s --help' for more information", cmd.CommandPath())
 }
 
 // createApp returns a cobra.Command, and the underlying globalOptions object, to be run or tested.
@@ -38,11 +57,20 @@ func createApp() (*cobra.Command, *globalOptions) {
 	rootCommand := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:  "skopeo",
 		Long: "Various operations with container images and container image registries",
+		RunE: requireSubcommand,
 		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			return opts.before(cmd)
 		},
 		SilenceUsage:  true,
 		SilenceErrors: true,
+		// Hide the completion command which is provided by cobra
+		CompletionOptions: cobra.CompletionOptions{HiddenDefaultCmd: true},
+		// This is documented to parse "local" (non-PersistentFlags) flags of parent commands before
+		// running subcommands and handling their options. We don't really run into such cases,
+		// because all of our flags on rootCommand are in PersistentFlags, except for the deprecated --tls-verify;
+		// in that case we need TraverseChildren so that we can distinguish between
+		// (skopeo --tls-verify inspect) (causes a warning) and (skopeo inspect --tls-verify) (no warning).
+		TraverseChildren: true,
 	}
 	if gitCommit != "" {
 		rootCommand.Version = fmt.Sprintf("%s commit: %s", version.Version, gitCommit)
@@ -53,8 +81,6 @@ func createApp() (*cobra.Command, *globalOptions) {
 	var dummyVersion bool
 	rootCommand.Flags().BoolVarP(&dummyVersion, "version", "v", false, "Version for Skopeo")
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&opts.debug, "debug", false, "enable debug output")
-	flag := optionalBoolFlag(rootCommand.PersistentFlags(), &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "Require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
-	flag.Hidden = true
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.policyPath, "policy", "", "Path to a trust policy file")
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&opts.insecurePolicy, "insecure-policy", false, "run the tool without any policy check")
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.registriesDirPath, "registries.d", "", "use registry configuration files in `DIR` (e.g. for container signature storage)")
@@ -67,6 +93,8 @@ func createApp() (*cobra.Command, *globalOptions) {
 		logrus.Fatal("unable to mark registries-conf flag as hidden")
 	}
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.tmpDir, "tmpdir", "", "directory used to store temporary files")
+	flag := commonFlag.OptionalBoolFlag(rootCommand.Flags(), &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "Require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the registry")
+	flag.Hidden = true
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(
 		copyCmd(&opts),
 		deleteCmd(&opts),
@@ -75,6 +103,7 @@ func createApp() (*cobra.Command, *globalOptions) {
 		loginCmd(&opts),
 		logoutCmd(&opts),
 		manifestDigestCmd(),
+		proxyCmd(&opts),
 		syncCmd(&opts),
 		standaloneSignCmd(),
 		standaloneVerifyCmd(),
@@ -89,7 +118,7 @@ func (opts *globalOptions) before(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 	if opts.debug {
 		logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
 	}
-	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
 		logrus.Warn("'--tls-verify' is deprecated, please set this on the specific subcommand")
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -143,10 +172,11 @@ func (opts *globalOptions) newSystemContext() *types.SystemContext {
 		VariantChoice:            opts.overrideVariant,
 		SystemRegistriesConfPath: opts.registriesConfPath,
 		BigFilesTemporaryDir:     opts.tmpDir,
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent:  defaultUserAgent,
 	}
 	// DEPRECATED: We support this for backward compatibility, but override it if a per-image flag is provided.
-	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
-		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.Value())
 	}
 	return ctx
 }

cmd/skopeo/main_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ func TestGlobalOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 	// Default state
 	opts, _ := fakeGlobalOptions(t, []string{})
 	res := opts.newSystemContext()
-	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		// User-Agent is set by default.
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent: defaultUserAgent,
+	}, res)
 	// Set everything to non-default values.
 	opts, _ = fakeGlobalOptions(t, []string{
 		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
@@ -43,5 +46,6 @@ func TestGlobalOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		BigFilesTemporaryDir:        "/srv",
 		SystemRegistriesConfPath:    "/srv/registries.conf",
 		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify: types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent:     defaultUserAgent,
 	}, res)
 }

cmd/skopeo/manifest.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ type manifestDigestOptions struct {
 func manifestDigestCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	var opts manifestDigestOptions
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "manifest-digest MANIFEST",
+		Use:     "manifest-digest MANIFEST-FILE",
 		Short:   "Compute a manifest digest of a file",
 		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example: "skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json",
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (opts *manifestDigestOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	}
 	manifestPath := args[0]
 
-	man, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	man, err := os.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading manifest from %s: %v", manifestPath, err)
 	}

cmd/skopeo/manifest_test.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ func TestManifestDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Error reading manifest
-	out, err := runSkopeo("manifest-digest", "/this/doesnt/exist")
-	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+	out, err := runSkopeo("manifest-digest", "/this/does/not/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/does/not/exist")
 
 	// Error computing manifest
 	out, err = runSkopeo("manifest-digest", "fixtures/v2s1-invalid-signatures.manifest.json")

cmd/skopeo/proxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+//go:build !windows
+// +build !windows
+
+package main
+
+/*
+  This code is currently only intended to be used by ostree
+  to fetch content via containers.  The API is subject
+  to change.  A goal however is to stabilize the API
+  eventually as a full out-of-process interface to the
+  core containers/image library functionality.
+
+  To use this command, in a parent process create a
+  `socketpair()` of type `SOCK_SEQPACKET`.  Fork
+  off this command, and pass one half of the socket
+  pair to the child.  Providing it on stdin (fd 0)
+  is the expected default.
+
+  The protocol is JSON for the control layer,
+  and  a read side of a `pipe()` passed for large data.
+
+ Base JSON protocol:
+
+ request: { method: "MethodName": args: [arguments] }
+ reply: { success: bool, value: JSVAL, pipeid: number, error: string }
+
+ For any non-metadata i.e. payload data from `GetManifest`
+ and `GetBlob` the server will pass back the read half of a `pipe(2)` via FD passing,
+ along with a `pipeid` integer.
+
+ The expected flow looks like this:
+
+  - Initialize
+    And validate the returned protocol version versus
+	what your client supports.
+  - OpenImage docker://quay.io/someorg/example:latest
+    (returns an imageid)
+  - GetManifest imageid (and associated <pipeid>)
+  (Streaming read data from pipe)
+  - FinishPipe <pipeid>
+  - GetBlob imageid sha256:...
+  (Streaming read data from pipe)
+  - FinishPipe <pipeid>
+  - GetBlob imageid sha256:...
+  (Streaming read data from pipe)
+  - FinishPipe <pipeid>
+  - CloseImage imageid
+
+ You may interleave invocations of these methods, e.g. one
+ can also invoke `OpenImage` multiple times, as well as
+ starting multiple GetBlob requests before calling `FinishPipe`
+ on them.  The server will stream data into the pipefd
+ until `FinishPipe` is invoked.
+
+ Note that the pipe will not be closed by the server until
+ the client has invoked `FinishPipe`.  This is to ensure
+ that the client checks for errors.  For example, `GetBlob`
+ performs digest (e.g. sha256) verification and this must
+ be checked after all data has been written.
+*/
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// protocolVersion is semantic version of the protocol used by this proxy.
+// The first version of the protocol has major version 0.2 to signify a
+// departure from the original code which used HTTP.
+//
+// 0.2.1: Initial version
+// 0.2.2: Added support for fetching image configuration as OCI
+// 0.2.3: Added GetFullConfig
+const protocolVersion = "0.2.3"
+
+// maxMsgSize is the current limit on a packet size.
+// Note that all non-metadata (i.e. payload data) is sent over a pipe.
+const maxMsgSize = 32 * 1024
+
+// maxJSONFloat is ECMA Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+// We hard error if the input JSON numbers we expect to be
+// integers are above this.
+const maxJSONFloat = float64(uint64(1)<<53 - 1)
+
+// request is the JSON serialization of a function call
+type request struct {
+	// Method is the name of the function
+	Method string `json:"method"`
+	// Args is the arguments (parsed inside the function)
+	Args []interface{} `json:"args"`
+}
+
+// reply is serialized to JSON as the return value from a function call.
+type reply struct {
+	// Success is true if and only if the call succeeded.
+	Success bool `json:"success"`
+	// Value is an arbitrary value (or values, as array/map) returned from the call.
+	Value interface{} `json:"value"`
+	// PipeID is an index into open pipes, and should be passed to FinishPipe
+	PipeID uint32 `json:"pipeid"`
+	// Error should be non-empty if Success == false
+	Error string `json:"error"`
+}
+
+// replyBuf is our internal deserialization of reply plus optional fd
+type replyBuf struct {
+	// value will be converted to a reply Value
+	value interface{}
+	// fd is the read half of a pipe, passed back to the client
+	fd *os.File
+	// pipeid will be provided to the client as PipeID, an index into our open pipes
+	pipeid uint32
+}
+
+// activePipe is an open pipe to the client.
+// It contains an error value
+type activePipe struct {
+	// w is the write half of the pipe
+	w *os.File
+	// wg is completed when our worker goroutine is done
+	wg sync.WaitGroup
+	// err may be set in our worker goroutine
+	err error
+}
+
+// openImage is an opened image reference
+type openImage struct {
+	// id is an opaque integer handle
+	id        uint32
+	src       types.ImageSource
+	cachedimg types.Image
+}
+
+// proxyHandler is the state associated with our socket.
+type proxyHandler struct {
+	// lock protects everything else in this structure.
+	lock sync.Mutex
+	// opts is CLI options
+	opts   *proxyOptions
+	sysctx *types.SystemContext
+	cache  types.BlobInfoCache
+
+	// imageSerial is a counter for open images
+	imageSerial uint32
+	// images holds our opened images
+	images map[uint32]*openImage
+	// activePipes maps from "pipeid" to a pipe + goroutine pair
+	activePipes map[uint32]*activePipe
+}
+
+// Initialize performs one-time initialization, and returns the protocol version
+func (h *proxyHandler) Initialize(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if len(args) != 0 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("invalid request, expecting zero arguments")
+	}
+
+	if h.sysctx != nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("already initialized")
+	}
+
+	sysctx, err := h.opts.imageOpts.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	h.sysctx = sysctx
+	h.cache = blobinfocache.DefaultCache(sysctx)
+
+	r := replyBuf{
+		value: protocolVersion,
+	}
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+// OpenImage accepts a string image reference i.e. TRANSPORT:REF - like `skopeo copy`.
+// The return value is an opaque integer handle.
+func (h *proxyHandler) OpenImage(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("invalid request, expecting one argument")
+	}
+	imageref, ok := args[0].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("expecting string imageref, not %T", args[0])
+	}
+
+	imgRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	imgsrc, err := imgRef.NewImageSource(context.Background(), h.sysctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	h.imageSerial++
+	openimg := &openImage{
+		id:  h.imageSerial,
+		src: imgsrc,
+	}
+	h.images[openimg.id] = openimg
+	ret.value = openimg.id
+
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+func (h *proxyHandler) CloseImage(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("invalid request, expecting one argument")
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	imgref.src.Close()
+	delete(h.images, imgref.id)
+
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+func parseImageID(v interface{}) (uint32, error) {
+	imgidf, ok := v.(float64)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("expecting integer imageid, not %T", v)
+	}
+	return uint32(imgidf), nil
+}
+
+// parseUint64 validates that a number fits inside a JavaScript safe integer
+func parseUint64(v interface{}) (uint64, error) {
+	f, ok := v.(float64)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("expecting numeric, not %T", v)
+	}
+	if f > maxJSONFloat {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("out of range integer for numeric %f", f)
+	}
+	return uint64(f), nil
+}
+
+func (h *proxyHandler) parseImageFromID(v interface{}) (*openImage, error) {
+	imgid, err := parseImageID(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	imgref, ok := h.images[imgid]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no image %v", imgid)
+	}
+	return imgref, nil
+}
+
+func (h *proxyHandler) allocPipe() (*os.File, *activePipe, error) {
+	piper, pipew, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	f := activePipe{
+		w: pipew,
+	}
+	h.activePipes[uint32(pipew.Fd())] = &f
+	f.wg.Add(1)
+	return piper, &f, nil
+}
+
+// returnBytes generates a return pipe() from a byte array
+// In the future it might be nicer to return this via memfd_create()
+func (h *proxyHandler) returnBytes(retval interface{}, buf []byte) (replyBuf, error) {
+	var ret replyBuf
+	piper, f, err := h.allocPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		// Signal completion when we return
+		defer f.wg.Done()
+		_, err = io.Copy(f.w, bytes.NewReader(buf))
+		if err != nil {
+			f.err = err
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ret.value = retval
+	ret.fd = piper
+	ret.pipeid = uint32(f.w.Fd())
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+// cacheTargetManifest is invoked when GetManifest or GetConfig is invoked
+// the first time for a given image.  If the requested image is a manifest
+// list, this function resolves it to the image matching the calling process'
+// operating system and architecture.
+//
+// TODO: Add GetRawManifest or so that exposes manifest lists
+func (h *proxyHandler) cacheTargetManifest(img *openImage) error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if img.cachedimg != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	unparsedToplevel := image.UnparsedInstance(img.src, nil)
+	mfest, manifestType, err := unparsedToplevel.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var target *image.UnparsedImage
+	if manifest.MIMETypeIsMultiImage(manifestType) {
+		manifestList, err := manifest.ListFromBlob(mfest, manifestType)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		instanceDigest, err := manifestList.ChooseInstance(h.sysctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		target = image.UnparsedInstance(img.src, &instanceDigest)
+	} else {
+		target = unparsedToplevel
+	}
+	cachedimg, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, h.sysctx, target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	img.cachedimg = cachedimg
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetManifest returns a copy of the manifest, converted to OCI format, along with the original digest.
+// Manifest lists are resolved to the current operating system and architecture.
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetManifest(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("invalid request, expecting one argument")
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	err = h.cacheTargetManifest(imgref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	img := imgref.cachedimg
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rawManifest, manifestType, err := img.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	// We only support OCI and docker2schema2.  We know docker2schema2 can be easily+cheaply
+	// converted into OCI, so consumers only need to see OCI.
+	switch manifestType {
+	case imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType:
+		break
+	// Explicitly reject e.g. docker schema 1 type with a "legacy" note
+	case manifest.DockerV2Schema1MediaType, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType:
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("unsupported legacy manifest MIME type: %s", manifestType)
+	default:
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("unsupported manifest MIME type: %s", manifestType)
+	}
+
+	// We always return the original digest, as that's what clients need to do pull-by-digest
+	// and in general identify the image.
+	digest, err := manifest.Digest(rawManifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	var serialized []byte
+	// But, we convert to OCI format on the wire if it's not already.  The idea here is that by reusing the containers/image
+	// stack, clients to this proxy can pretend the world is OCI only, and not need to care about e.g.
+	// docker schema and MIME types.
+	if manifestType != imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest {
+		manifestUpdates := types.ManifestUpdateOptions{ManifestMIMEType: imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest}
+		ociImage, err := img.UpdatedImage(ctx, manifestUpdates)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ret, err
+		}
+
+		ociSerialized, _, err := ociImage.Manifest(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ret, err
+		}
+		serialized = ociSerialized
+	} else {
+		serialized = rawManifest
+	}
+	return h.returnBytes(digest, serialized)
+}
+
+// GetFullConfig returns a copy of the image configuration, converted to OCI format.
+// https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/main/config.md
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetFullConfig(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("invalid request, expecting: [imgid]")
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	err = h.cacheTargetManifest(imgref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	img := imgref.cachedimg
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	serialized, err := json.Marshal(&config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	return h.returnBytes(nil, serialized)
+}
+
+// GetConfig returns a copy of the container runtime configuration, converted to OCI format.
+// Note that due to a historical mistake, this returns not the full image configuration,
+// but just the container runtime configuration.  You should use GetFullConfig instead.
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetConfig(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("invalid request, expecting: [imgid]")
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	err = h.cacheTargetManifest(imgref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	img := imgref.cachedimg
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	serialized, err := json.Marshal(&config.Config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	return h.returnBytes(nil, serialized)
+}
+
+// GetBlob fetches a blob, performing digest verification.
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetBlob(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 3 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("found %d args, expecting (imgid, digest, size)", len(args))
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	digestStr, ok := args[1].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("expecting string blobid")
+	}
+	size, err := parseUint64(args[2])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	d, err := digest.Parse(digestStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	blobr, blobSize, err := imgref.src.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: d, Size: int64(size)}, h.cache)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	piper, f, err := h.allocPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	go func() {
+		// Signal completion when we return
+		defer f.wg.Done()
+		verifier := d.Verifier()
+		tr := io.TeeReader(blobr, verifier)
+		n, err := io.Copy(f.w, tr)
+		if err != nil {
+			f.err = err
+			return
+		}
+		if n != int64(size) {
+			f.err = fmt.Errorf("expected %d bytes in blob, got %d", size, n)
+		}
+		if !verifier.Verified() {
+			f.err = fmt.Errorf("corrupted blob, expecting %s", d.String())
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ret.value = blobSize
+	ret.fd = piper
+	ret.pipeid = uint32(f.w.Fd())
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+// FinishPipe waits for the worker goroutine to finish, and closes the write side of the pipe.
+func (h *proxyHandler) FinishPipe(args []interface{}) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	pipeidv, err := parseUint64(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	pipeid := uint32(pipeidv)
+
+	f, ok := h.activePipes[pipeid]
+	if !ok {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("finishpipe: no active pipe %d", pipeid)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the goroutine to complete
+	f.wg.Wait()
+	// And only now do we close the write half; this forces the client to call this API
+	f.w.Close()
+	// Propagate any errors from the goroutine worker
+	err = f.err
+	delete(h.activePipes, pipeid)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// send writes a reply buffer to the socket
+func (buf replyBuf) send(conn *net.UnixConn, err error) error {
+	replyToSerialize := reply{
+		Success: err == nil,
+		Value:   buf.value,
+		PipeID:  buf.pipeid,
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		replyToSerialize.Error = err.Error()
+	}
+	serializedReply, err := json.Marshal(&replyToSerialize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// We took ownership of the FD - close it when we're done.
+	defer func() {
+		if buf.fd != nil {
+			buf.fd.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+	// Copy the FD number to the socket ancillary buffer
+	fds := make([]int, 0)
+	if buf.fd != nil {
+		fds = append(fds, int(buf.fd.Fd()))
+	}
+	oob := syscall.UnixRights(fds...)
+	n, oobn, err := conn.WriteMsgUnix(serializedReply, oob, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Validate that we sent the full packet
+	if n != len(serializedReply) || oobn != len(oob) {
+		return io.ErrShortWrite
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type proxyOptions struct {
+	global    *globalOptions
+	imageOpts *imageOptions
+	sockFd    int
+}
+
+func proxyCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, nil, "", "")
+	opts := proxyOptions{global: global, imageOpts: imageOpts}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "experimental-image-proxy [command options] IMAGE",
+		Short: "Interactive proxy for fetching container images (EXPERIMENTAL)",
+		Long:  `Run skopeo as a proxy, supporting HTTP requests to fetch manifests and blobs.`,
+		RunE:  commandAction(opts.run),
+		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(0),
+		// Not stabilized yet
+		Hidden:  true,
+		Example: `skopeo experimental-image-proxy --sockfd 3`,
+	}
+	adjustUsage(cmd)
+	flags := cmd.Flags()
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
+	flags.IntVar(&opts.sockFd, "sockfd", 0, "Serve on opened socket pair (default 0/stdin)")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// processRequest dispatches a remote request.
+// replyBuf is the result of the invocation.
+// terminate should be true if processing of requests should halt.
+func (h *proxyHandler) processRequest(readBytes []byte) (rb replyBuf, terminate bool, err error) {
+	var req request
+
+	// Parse the request JSON
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(readBytes, &req); err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid request: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Dispatch on the method
+	switch req.Method {
+	case "Initialize":
+		rb, err = h.Initialize(req.Args)
+	case "OpenImage":
+		rb, err = h.OpenImage(req.Args)
+	case "CloseImage":
+		rb, err = h.CloseImage(req.Args)
+	case "GetManifest":
+		rb, err = h.GetManifest(req.Args)
+	case "GetConfig":
+		rb, err = h.GetConfig(req.Args)
+	case "GetFullConfig":
+		rb, err = h.GetFullConfig(req.Args)
+	case "GetBlob":
+		rb, err = h.GetBlob(req.Args)
+	case "FinishPipe":
+		rb, err = h.FinishPipe(req.Args)
+	case "Shutdown":
+		terminate = true
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown method: %s", req.Method)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Implementation of podman experimental-image-proxy
+func (opts *proxyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	handler := &proxyHandler{
+		opts:        opts,
+		images:      make(map[uint32]*openImage),
+		activePipes: make(map[uint32]*activePipe),
+	}
+
+	// Convert the socket FD passed by client into a net.FileConn
+	fd := os.NewFile(uintptr(opts.sockFd), "sock")
+	fconn, err := net.FileConn(fd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	conn := fconn.(*net.UnixConn)
+
+	// Allocate a buffer to copy the packet into
+	buf := make([]byte, maxMsgSize)
+	for {
+		n, _, err := conn.ReadFrom(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading socket: %v", err)
+		}
+		readbuf := buf[0:n]
+
+		rb, terminate, err := handler.processRequest(readbuf)
+		if terminate {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if err := rb.send(conn, err); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("writing to socket: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/skopeo/proxy_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build windows
+// +build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type proxyOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+}
+
+func proxyCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := proxyOptions{global: global}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		RunE: commandAction(opts.run),
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(0),
+		// Not stabilized yet
+		Hidden: true,
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func (opts *proxyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("This command is not supported on Windows")
+}

cmd/skopeo/signing.go

@@ -5,26 +5,29 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/cli"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type standaloneSignOptions struct {
-	output string // Output file path
+	output         string // Output file path
+	passphraseFile string // Path pointing to a passphrase file when signing
 }
 
 func standaloneSignCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := standaloneSignOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "standalone-sign [command options] MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT",
+		Use:   "standalone-sign [command options] MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT --output|-o SIGNATURE",
 		Short: "Create a signature using local files",
 		RunE:  commandAction(opts.run),
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.output, "output", "o", "", "output the signature to `SIGNATURE`")
+	flags.StringVarP(&opts.passphraseFile, "passphrase-file", "", "", "file that contains a passphrase for the --sign-by key")
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ func (opts *standaloneSignOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	dockerReference := args[1]
 	fingerprint := args[2]
 
-	manifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	manifest, err := os.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading %s: %v", manifestPath, err)
 	}
@@ -46,12 +49,18 @@ func (opts *standaloneSignOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error initializing GPG: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer mech.Close()
-	signature, err := signature.SignDockerManifest(manifest, dockerReference, mech, fingerprint)
+
+	passphrase, err := cli.ReadPassphraseFile(opts.passphraseFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	signature, err := signature.SignDockerManifestWithOptions(manifest, dockerReference, mech, fingerprint, &signature.SignOptions{Passphrase: passphrase})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error creating signature: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(opts.output, signature, 0644); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(opts.output, signature, 0644); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error writing signature to %s: %v", opts.output, err)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -80,11 +89,11 @@ func (opts *standaloneVerifyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error
 	expectedFingerprint := args[2]
 	signaturePath := args[3]
 
-	unverifiedManifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	unverifiedManifest, err := os.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading manifest from %s: %v", manifestPath, err)
 	}
-	unverifiedSignature, err := ioutil.ReadFile(signaturePath)
+	unverifiedSignature, err := os.ReadFile(signaturePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading signature from %s: %v", signaturePath, err)
 	}
@@ -130,7 +139,7 @@ func (opts *untrustedSignatureDumpOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer)
 	}
 	untrustedSignaturePath := args[0]
 
-	untrustedSignature, err := ioutil.ReadFile(untrustedSignaturePath)
+	untrustedSignature, err := os.ReadFile(untrustedSignaturePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading untrusted signature from %s: %v", untrustedSignaturePath, err)
 	}

cmd/skopeo/signing_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -25,9 +24,8 @@ const (
 // Test that results of runSkopeo failed with nothing on stdout, and substring
 // within the error message.
 func assertTestFailed(t *testing.T, stdout string, err error, substring string) {
-	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, substring)
 	assert.Empty(t, stdout)
-	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), substring)
 }
 
 func TestStandaloneSign(t *testing.T) {
@@ -40,8 +38,7 @@ func TestStandaloneSign(t *testing.T) {
 
 	manifestPath := "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
 	dockerReference := "testing/manifest"
-	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", "fixtures")
-	defer os.Unsetenv("GNUPGHOME")
+	t.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", "fixtures")
 
 	// Invalid command-line arguments
 	for _, args := range [][]string{
@@ -58,8 +55,8 @@ func TestStandaloneSign(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Error reading manifest
 	out, err := runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", "/dev/null",
-		"/this/doesnt/exist", dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
-	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+		"/this/does/not/exist", dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/does/not/exist")
 
 	// Invalid Docker reference
 	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", "/dev/null",
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ func TestStandaloneSign(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/dev/full")
 
 	// Success
-	sigOutput, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "sig")
+	sigOutput, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sig")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer os.Remove(sigOutput.Name())
 	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", sigOutput.Name(),
@@ -86,9 +83,9 @@ func TestStandaloneSign(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Empty(t, out)
 
-	sig, err := ioutil.ReadFile(sigOutput.Name())
+	sig, err := os.ReadFile(sigOutput.Name())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	manifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	manifest, err := os.ReadFile(manifestPath)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	mech, err = signature.NewGPGSigningMechanism()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -103,8 +100,7 @@ func TestStandaloneVerify(t *testing.T) {
 	manifestPath := "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
 	signaturePath := "fixtures/image.signature"
 	dockerReference := "testing/manifest"
-	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", "fixtures")
-	defer os.Unsetenv("GNUPGHOME")
+	t.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", "fixtures")
 
 	// Invalid command-line arguments
 	for _, args := range [][]string{
@@ -117,14 +113,14 @@ func TestStandaloneVerify(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Error reading manifest
-	out, err := runSkopeo("standalone-verify", "/this/doesnt/exist",
+	out, err := runSkopeo("standalone-verify", "/this/does/not/exist",
 		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, signaturePath)
-	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/does/not/exist")
 
 	// Error reading signature
 	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-verify", manifestPath,
-		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, "/this/doesnt/exist")
-	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, "/this/does/not/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/does/not/exist")
 
 	// Error verifying signature
 	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-verify", manifestPath,
@@ -151,8 +147,8 @@ func TestUntrustedSignatureDump(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Error reading manifest
 	out, err := runSkopeo("untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification",
-		"/this/doesnt/exist")
-	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+		"/this/does/not/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/does/not/exist")
 
 	// Error reading signature (input is not a signature)
 	out, err = runSkopeo("untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification", "fixtures/image.manifest.json")

cmd/skopeo/sync.go

@@ -2,22 +2,26 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
+	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/copy"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/cli"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
@@ -25,24 +29,33 @@ import (
 
 // syncOptions contains information retrieved from the skopeo sync command line.
 type syncOptions struct {
-	global            *globalOptions    // Global (not command dependant) skopeo options
-	srcImage          *imageOptions     // Source image options
-	destImage         *imageDestOptions // Destination image options
-	removeSignatures  bool              // Do not copy signatures from the source image
-	signByFingerprint string            // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
-	source            string            // Source repository name
-	destination       string            // Destination registry name
-	scoped            bool              // When true, namespace copied images at destination using the source repository name
+	global                   *globalOptions // Global (not command dependent) skopeo options
+	deprecatedTLSVerify      *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption
+	srcImage                 *imageOptions     // Source image options
+	destImage                *imageDestOptions // Destination image options
+	retryOpts                *retry.Options
+	removeSignatures         bool                      // Do not copy signatures from the source image
+	signByFingerprint        string                    // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
+	signBySigstorePrivateKey string                    // Sign the image using a sigstore private key
+	signPassphraseFile       string                    // Path pointing to a passphrase file when signing
+	format                   commonFlag.OptionalString // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
+	source                   string                    // Source repository name
+	destination              string                    // Destination registry name
+	scoped                   bool                      // When true, namespace copied images at destination using the source repository name
+	all                      bool                      // Copy all of the images if an image in the source is a list
+	dryRun                   bool                      // Don't actually copy anything, just output what it would have done
+	preserveDigests          bool                      // Preserve digests during sync
+	keepGoing                bool                      // Whether or not to abort the sync if there are any errors during syncing the images
 }
 
 // repoDescriptor contains information of a single repository used as a sync source.
 type repoDescriptor struct {
-	DirBasePath  string                 // base path when source is 'dir'
-	TaggedImages []types.ImageReference // List of tagged image found for the repository
-	Context      *types.SystemContext   // SystemContext for the sync command
+	DirBasePath string                 // base path when source is 'dir'
+	ImageRefs   []types.ImageReference // List of tagged image found for the repository
+	Context     *types.SystemContext   // SystemContext for the sync command
 }
 
-// tlsVerify is an implementation of the Unmarshaler interface, used to
+// tlsVerifyConfig is an implementation of the Unmarshaler interface, used to
 // customize the unmarshaling behaviour of the tls-verify YAML key.
 type tlsVerifyConfig struct {
 	skip types.OptionalBool // skip TLS verification check (false by default)
@@ -51,7 +64,7 @@ type tlsVerifyConfig struct {
 // registrySyncConfig contains information about a single registry, read from
 // the source YAML file
 type registrySyncConfig struct {
-	Images           map[string][]string    // Images map images name to slices with the images' tags
+	Images           map[string][]string    // Images map images name to slices with the images' references (tags, digests)
 	ImagesByTagRegex map[string]string      `yaml:"images-by-tag-regex"` // Images map images name to regular expression with the images' tags
 	Credentials      types.DockerAuthConfig // Username and password used to authenticate with the registry
 	TLSVerify        tlsVerifyConfig        `yaml:"tls-verify"` // TLS verification mode (enabled by default)
@@ -63,25 +76,29 @@ type sourceConfig map[string]registrySyncConfig
 
 func syncCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	srcFlags, srcOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "src-", "screds")
-	destFlags, destOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt := deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags()
+	srcFlags, srcOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt, "src-", "screds")
+	destFlags, destOpts := dockerImageFlags(global, sharedOpts, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	retryFlags, retryOpts := retryFlags()
 
 	opts := syncOptions{
-		global:    global,
-		srcImage:  srcOpts,
-		destImage: &imageDestOptions{imageOptions: destOpts},
+		global:              global,
+		deprecatedTLSVerify: deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt,
+		srcImage:            srcOpts,
+		destImage:           &imageDestOptions{imageOptions: destOpts},
+		retryOpts:           retryOpts,
 	}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "sync [command options] --src SOURCE-LOCATION --dest DESTINATION-LOCATION SOURCE DESTINATION",
+		Use:   "sync [command options] --src TRANSPORT --dest TRANSPORT SOURCE DESTINATION",
 		Short: "Synchronize one or more images from one location to another",
-		Long: fmt.Sprint(`Copy all the images from a SOURCE to a DESTINATION.
+		Long: `Copy all the images from a SOURCE to a DESTINATION.
 
 Allowed SOURCE transports (specified with --src): docker, dir, yaml.
 Allowed DESTINATION transports (specified with --dest): docker, dir.
 
 See skopeo-sync(1) for details.
-`),
+`,
 		RunE:    commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example: `skopeo sync --src docker --dest dir --scoped registry.example.com/busybox /media/usb`,
 	}
@@ -89,16 +106,25 @@ See skopeo-sync(1) for details.
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.removeSignatures, "remove-signatures", false, "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE images")
 	flags.StringVar(&opts.signByFingerprint, "sign-by", "", "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey, "sign-by-sigstore-private-key", "", "Sign the image using a sigstore private key at `PATH`")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.signPassphraseFile, "sign-passphrase-file", "", "File that contains a passphrase for the --sign-by key")
+	flags.VarP(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&opts.format), "format", "f", `MANIFEST TYPE (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when syncing image(s) to a destination (default is manifest type of source, with fallbacks)`)
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.source, "src", "s", "", "SOURCE transport type")
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.destination, "dest", "d", "", "DESTINATION transport type")
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.scoped, "scoped", false, "Images at DESTINATION are prefix using the full source image path as scope")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.all, "all", "a", false, "Copy all images if SOURCE-IMAGE is a list")
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.dryRun, "dry-run", false, "Run without actually copying data")
+	flags.BoolVar(&opts.preserveDigests, "preserve-digests", false, "Preserve digests of images and lists")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.keepGoing, "keep-going", "", false, "Do not abort the sync if any image copy fails")
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&srcFlags)
 	flags.AddFlagSet(&destFlags)
+	flags.AddFlagSet(&retryFlags)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-// unmarshalYAML is the implementation of the Unmarshaler interface method
+// UnmarshalYAML is the implementation of the Unmarshaler interface method
 // method for the tlsVerifyConfig type.
 // It unmarshals the 'tls-verify' YAML key so that, when they key is not
 // specified, tls verification is enforced.
@@ -116,13 +142,13 @@ func (tls *tlsVerifyConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) err
 // It returns a new unmarshaled sourceConfig object and any error encountered.
 func newSourceConfig(yamlFile string) (sourceConfig, error) {
 	var cfg sourceConfig
-	source, err := ioutil.ReadFile(yamlFile)
+	source, err := os.ReadFile(yamlFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return cfg, err
 	}
 	err = yaml.Unmarshal(source, &cfg)
 	if err != nil {
-		return cfg, errors.Wrapf(err, "Failed to unmarshal %q", yamlFile)
+		return cfg, fmt.Errorf("Failed to unmarshal %q: %w", yamlFile, err)
 	}
 	return cfg, nil
 }
@@ -134,7 +160,7 @@ func parseRepositoryReference(input string) (reference.Named, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if !reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("input names a reference, not a repository")
+		return nil, errors.New("input names a reference, not a repository")
 	}
 	return ref, nil
 }
@@ -152,24 +178,24 @@ func destinationReference(destination string, transport string) (types.ImageRefe
 	case directory.Transport.Name():
 		_, err := os.Stat(destination)
 		if err == nil {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Refusing to overwrite destination directory %q", destination)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Refusing to overwrite destination directory %q", destination)
 		}
 		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Destination directory could not be used")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Destination directory could not be used: %w", err)
 		}
 		// the directory holding the image must be created here
 		if err = os.MkdirAll(destination, 0755); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error creating directory for image %s", destination)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error creating directory for image %s: %w", destination, err)
 		}
 		imageTransport = directory.Transport
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("%q is not a valid destination transport", transport)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q is not a valid destination transport", transport)
 	}
 	logrus.Debugf("Destination for transport %q: %s", transport, destination)
 
 	destRef, err := imageTransport.ParseReference(destination)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", imageTransport.Name(), destination)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q: %w", imageTransport.Name(), destination, err)
 	}
 
 	return destRef, nil
@@ -189,17 +215,16 @@ func getImageTags(ctx context.Context, sysCtx *types.SystemContext, repoRef refe
 		return nil, err // Should never happen for a reference with tag and no digest
 	}
 	tags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sysCtx, dockerRef)
-
-	switch err := err.(type) {
-	case nil:
-		break
-	case docker.ErrUnauthorizedForCredentials:
-		// Some registries may decide to block the "list all tags" endpoint.
-		// Gracefully allow the sync to continue in this case.
-		logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval: %s", err)
-		break
-	default:
-		return tags, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error determining repository tags for image %s", name)
+	if err != nil {
+		var unauthorizedForCredentials docker.ErrUnauthorizedForCredentials
+		if errors.As(err, &unauthorizedForCredentials) {
+			// Some registries may decide to block the "list all tags" endpoint.
+			// Gracefully allow the sync to continue in this case.
+			logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval: %s", err)
+			tags = nil
+		} else {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error determining repository tags for image %s: %w", name, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return tags, nil
@@ -219,32 +244,36 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRepo(sys *types.SystemContext, repoRef reference.Named) ([]
 	for _, tag := range tags {
 		taggedRef, err := reference.WithTag(repoRef, tag)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error creating a reference for repository %s and tag %q", repoRef.Name(), tag)
+			logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+				"repo": repoRef.Name(),
+				"tag":  tag,
+			}).Errorf("Error creating a tagged reference from registry tag list: %v", err)
+			continue
 		}
 		ref, err := docker.NewReference(taggedRef)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %s", docker.Transport.Name(), taggedRef.String())
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %s: %w", docker.Transport.Name(), taggedRef.String(), err)
 		}
 		sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, ref)
 	}
 	return sourceReferences, nil
 }
 
-// imagesTopCopyFromDir builds a list of image references from the images found
+// imagesToCopyFromDir builds a list of image references from the images found
 // in the source directory.
 // It returns an image reference slice with as many elements as the images found
 // and any error encountered.
 func imagesToCopyFromDir(dirPath string) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
 	var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
-	err := filepath.Walk(dirPath, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(dirPath, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if !info.IsDir() && info.Name() == "manifest.json" {
+		if !d.IsDir() && d.Name() == "manifest.json" {
 			dirname := filepath.Dir(path)
 			ref, err := directory.Transport.ParseReference(dirname)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", directory.Transport.Name(), dirname)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q: %w", directory.Transport.Name(), dirname, err)
 			}
 			sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, ref)
 			return filepath.SkipDir
@@ -254,17 +283,17 @@ func imagesToCopyFromDir(dirPath string) ([]types.ImageReference, error) {
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return sourceReferences,
-			errors.Wrapf(err, "Error walking the path %q", dirPath)
+			fmt.Errorf("Error walking the path %q: %w", dirPath, err)
 	}
 
 	return sourceReferences, nil
 }
 
-// imagesTopCopyFromDir builds a list of repository descriptors from the images
+// imagesToCopyFromRegistry builds a list of repository descriptors from the images
 // in a registry configuration.
 // It returns a repository descriptors slice with as many elements as the images
 // found and any error encountered. Each element of the slice is a list of
-// tagged image references, to be used as sync source.
+// image references, to be used as sync source.
 func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourceCtx types.SystemContext) ([]repoDescriptor, error) {
 	serverCtx := &sourceCtx
 	// override ctx with per-registryName options
@@ -272,10 +301,11 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourc
 	serverCtx.DockerDaemonCertPath = cfg.CertDir
 	serverCtx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = (cfg.TLSVerify.skip == types.OptionalBoolTrue)
 	serverCtx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = cfg.TLSVerify.skip
-	serverCtx.DockerAuthConfig = &cfg.Credentials
-
+	if cfg.Credentials != (types.DockerAuthConfig{}) {
+		serverCtx.DockerAuthConfig = &cfg.Credentials
+	}
 	var repoDescList []repoDescriptor
-	for imageName, tags := range cfg.Images {
+	for imageName, refs := range cfg.Images {
 		repoLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 			"repo":     imageName,
 			"registry": registryName,
@@ -290,24 +320,37 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourc
 		repoLogger.Info("Processing repo")
 
 		var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
-		if len(tags) != 0 {
-			for _, tag := range tags {
-				tagLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"tag": tag})
-				taggedRef, err := reference.WithTag(repoRef, tag)
-				if err != nil {
-					tagLogger.Error("Error parsing tag, skipping")
-					logrus.Error(err)
-					continue
+		if len(refs) != 0 {
+			for _, ref := range refs {
+				tagLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"ref": ref})
+				var named reference.Named
+				// first try as digest
+				if d, err := digest.Parse(ref); err == nil {
+					named, err = reference.WithDigest(repoRef, d)
+					if err != nil {
+						tagLogger.Error("Error processing ref, skipping")
+						logrus.Error(err)
+						continue
+					}
+				} else {
+					tagLogger.Debugf("Ref was not a digest, trying as a tag: %s", err)
+					named, err = reference.WithTag(repoRef, ref)
+					if err != nil {
+						tagLogger.Error("Error parsing ref, skipping")
+						logrus.Error(err)
+						continue
+					}
 				}
-				imageRef, err := docker.NewReference(taggedRef)
+
+				imageRef, err := docker.NewReference(named)
 				if err != nil {
-					tagLogger.Error("Error processing tag, skipping")
+					tagLogger.Error("Error processing ref, skipping")
 					logrus.Errorf("Error getting image reference: %s", err)
 					continue
 				}
 				sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, imageRef)
 			}
-		} else { // len(tags) == 0
+		} else { // len(refs) == 0
 			repoLogger.Info("Querying registry for image tags")
 			sourceReferences, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(serverCtx, repoRef)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -318,12 +361,12 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourc
 		}
 
 		if len(sourceReferences) == 0 {
-			repoLogger.Warnf("No tags to sync found")
+			repoLogger.Warnf("No refs to sync found")
 			continue
 		}
 		repoDescList = append(repoDescList, repoDescriptor{
-			TaggedImages: sourceReferences,
-			Context:      serverCtx})
+			ImageRefs: sourceReferences,
+			Context:   serverCtx})
 	}
 
 	for imageName, tagRegex := range cfg.ImagesByTagRegex {
@@ -372,12 +415,12 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourc
 		}
 
 		if len(sourceReferences) == 0 {
-			repoLogger.Warnf("No tags to sync found")
+			repoLogger.Warnf("No refs to sync found")
 			continue
 		}
 		repoDescList = append(repoDescList, repoDescriptor{
-			TaggedImages: sourceReferences,
-			Context:      serverCtx})
+			ImageRefs: sourceReferences,
+			Context:   serverCtx})
 	}
 
 	return repoDescList, nil
@@ -398,7 +441,7 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 		}
 		named, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(source) // May be a repository or an image.
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", docker.Transport.Name(), source)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q: %w", docker.Transport.Name(), source, err)
 		}
 		imageTagged := !reference.IsNameOnly(named)
 		logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
@@ -408,16 +451,16 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 		if imageTagged {
 			srcRef, err := docker.NewReference(named)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q", docker.Transport.Name(), named.String())
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("Cannot obtain a valid image reference for transport %q and reference %q: %w", docker.Transport.Name(), named.String(), err)
 			}
-			desc.TaggedImages = []types.ImageReference{srcRef}
+			desc.ImageRefs = []types.ImageReference{srcRef}
 		} else {
-			desc.TaggedImages, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(sourceCtx, named)
+			desc.ImageRefs, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(sourceCtx, named)
 			if err != nil {
 				return descriptors, err
 			}
-			if len(desc.TaggedImages) == 0 {
-				return descriptors, errors.Errorf("No images to sync found in %q", source)
+			if len(desc.ImageRefs) == 0 {
+				return descriptors, fmt.Errorf("No images to sync found in %q", source)
 			}
 		}
 		descriptors = append(descriptors, desc)
@@ -428,16 +471,16 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 		}
 
 		if _, err := os.Stat(source); err != nil {
-			return descriptors, errors.Wrap(err, "Invalid source directory specified")
+			return descriptors, fmt.Errorf("Invalid source directory specified: %w", err)
 		}
 		desc.DirBasePath = source
 		var err error
-		desc.TaggedImages, err = imagesToCopyFromDir(source)
+		desc.ImageRefs, err = imagesToCopyFromDir(source)
 		if err != nil {
 			return descriptors, err
 		}
-		if len(desc.TaggedImages) == 0 {
-			return descriptors, errors.Errorf("No images to sync found in %q", source)
+		if len(desc.ImageRefs) == 0 {
+			return descriptors, fmt.Errorf("No images to sync found in %q", source)
 		}
 		descriptors = append(descriptors, desc)
 
@@ -456,7 +499,7 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 
 			descs, err := imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName, registryConfig, *sourceCtx)
 			if err != nil {
-				return descriptors, errors.Wrapf(err, "Failed to retrieve list of images from registry %q", registryName)
+				return descriptors, fmt.Errorf("Failed to retrieve list of images from registry %q: %w", registryName, err)
 			}
 			descriptors = append(descriptors, descs...)
 		}
@@ -465,16 +508,21 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 	return descriptors, nil
 }
 
-func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 	if len(args) != 2 {
 		return errorShouldDisplayUsage{errors.New("Exactly two arguments expected")}
 	}
+	opts.deprecatedTLSVerify.warnIfUsed([]string{"--src-tls-verify", "--dest-tls-verify"})
 
 	policyContext, err := opts.global.getPolicyContext()
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error loading trust policy")
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error loading trust policy: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer policyContext.Destroy()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := policyContext.Destroy(); err != nil {
+			retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "tearing down policy context", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	// validate source and destination options
 	contains := func(val string, list []string) (_ bool) {
@@ -490,28 +538,49 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		return errors.New("A source transport must be specified")
 	}
 	if !contains(opts.source, []string{docker.Transport.Name(), directory.Transport.Name(), "yaml"}) {
-		return errors.Errorf("%q is not a valid source transport", opts.source)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a valid source transport", opts.source)
 	}
 
 	if len(opts.destination) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("A destination transport must be specified")
 	}
 	if !contains(opts.destination, []string{docker.Transport.Name(), directory.Transport.Name()}) {
-		return errors.Errorf("%q is not a valid destination transport", opts.destination)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a valid destination transport", opts.destination)
 	}
 
 	if opts.source == opts.destination && opts.source == directory.Transport.Name() {
 		return errors.New("sync from 'dir' to 'dir' not implemented, consider using rsync instead")
 	}
 
+	opts.destImage.warnAboutIneffectiveOptions(transports.Get(opts.destination))
+
+	imageListSelection := copy.CopySystemImage
+	if opts.all {
+		imageListSelection = copy.CopyAllImages
+	}
+
 	sourceCtx, err := opts.srcImage.newSystemContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	var manifestType string
+	if opts.format.Present() {
+		manifestType, err = parseManifestFormat(opts.format.Value())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
 	sourceArg := args[0]
-	srcRepoList, err := imagesToCopy(sourceArg, opts.source, sourceCtx)
-	if err != nil {
+	var srcRepoList []repoDescriptor
+	if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+		srcRepoList, err = imagesToCopy(sourceArg, opts.source, sourceCtx)
+		return err
+	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -521,20 +590,48 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
-	defer cancel()
-
-	imagesNumber := 0
+	// c/image/copy.Image does allow creating both simple signing and sigstore signatures simultaneously,
+	// with independent passphrases, but that would make the CLI probably too confusing.
+	// For now, use the passphrase with either, but only one of them.
+	if opts.signPassphraseFile != "" && opts.signByFingerprint != "" && opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Only one of --sign-by and sign-by-sigstore-private-key can be used with sign-passphrase-file")
+	}
+	var passphrase string
+	if opts.signPassphraseFile != "" {
+		p, err := cli.ReadPassphraseFile(opts.signPassphraseFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		passphrase = p
+	} else if opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey != "" {
+		p, err := promptForPassphrase(opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey, os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		passphrase = p
+	}
 	options := copy.Options{
-		RemoveSignatures: opts.removeSignatures,
-		SignBy:           opts.signByFingerprint,
-		ReportWriter:     os.Stdout,
-		DestinationCtx:   destinationCtx,
+		RemoveSignatures:                      opts.removeSignatures,
+		SignBy:                                opts.signByFingerprint,
+		SignPassphrase:                        passphrase,
+		SignBySigstorePrivateKeyFile:          opts.signBySigstorePrivateKey,
+		SignSigstorePrivateKeyPassphrase:      []byte(passphrase),
+		ReportWriter:                          os.Stdout,
+		DestinationCtx:                        destinationCtx,
+		ImageListSelection:                    imageListSelection,
+		PreserveDigests:                       opts.preserveDigests,
+		OptimizeDestinationImageAlreadyExists: true,
+		ForceManifestMIMEType:                 manifestType,
+	}
+	errorsPresent := false
+	imagesNumber := 0
+	if opts.dryRun {
+		logrus.Warn("Running in dry-run mode")
 	}
 
 	for _, srcRepo := range srcRepoList {
 		options.SourceCtx = srcRepo.Context
-		for counter, ref := range srcRepo.TaggedImages {
+		for counter, ref := range srcRepo.ImageRefs {
 			var destSuffix string
 			switch ref.Transport() {
 			case docker.Transport:
@@ -558,19 +655,39 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			fromToFields := logrus.Fields{
 				"from": transports.ImageName(ref),
 				"to":   transports.ImageName(destRef),
-			}).Infof("Copying image tag %d/%d", counter+1, len(srcRepo.TaggedImages))
-
-			_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, ref, &options)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "Error copying tag %q", transports.ImageName(ref))
+			}
+			if opts.dryRun {
+				logrus.WithFields(fromToFields).Infof("Would have copied image ref %d/%d", counter+1, len(srcRepo.ImageRefs))
+			} else {
+				logrus.WithFields(fromToFields).Infof("Copying image ref %d/%d", counter+1, len(srcRepo.ImageRefs))
+				if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
+					_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, ref, &options)
+					return err
+				}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
+					if !opts.keepGoing {
+						return fmt.Errorf("Error copying ref %q: %w", transports.ImageName(ref), err)
+					}
+					// log the error, keep a note that there was a failure and move on to the next
+					// image ref
+					errorsPresent = true
+					logrus.WithError(err).Errorf("Error copying ref %q", transports.ImageName(ref))
+					continue
+				}
 			}
 			imagesNumber++
 		}
 	}
 
-	logrus.Infof("Synced %d images from %d sources", imagesNumber, len(srcRepoList))
-	return nil
+	if opts.dryRun {
+		logrus.Infof("Would have synced %d images from %d sources", imagesNumber, len(srcRepoList))
+	} else {
+		logrus.Infof("Synced %d images from %d sources", imagesNumber, len(srcRepoList))
+	}
+	if !errorsPresent {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return errors.New("Sync failed due to previous reported error(s) for one or more images")
 }

cmd/skopeo/unshare.go

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
+//go:build !linux
 // +build !linux
 
 package main
 
-func maybeReexec() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(inputImageNames ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }

cmd/skopeo/unshare_linux.go

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/unshare"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ func maybeReexec() error {
 	// if we already have the capabilities we need.
 	capabilities, err := capability.NewPid(0)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading the current capabilities sets")
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading the current capabilities sets: %w", err)
 	}
 	for _, cap := range neededCapabilities {
 		if !capabilities.Get(capability.EFFECTIVE, cap) {

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -2,16 +2,24 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/compression"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
 
 // errorShouldDisplayUsage is a subtype of error used by command handlers to indicate that cli.ShowSubcommandHelp should be called.
@@ -19,6 +27,27 @@ type errorShouldDisplayUsage struct {
 	error
 }
 
+// noteCloseFailure returns (possibly-nil) err modified to account for (non-nil) closeErr.
+// The error for closeErr is annotated with description (which is not a format string)
+// Typical usage:
+//
+//	defer func() {
+//		if err := something.Close(); err != nil {
+//			returnedErr = noteCloseFailure(returnedErr, "closing something", err)
+//		}
+//	}
+func noteCloseFailure(err error, description string, closeErr error) error {
+	// We don’t accept a Closer() and close it ourselves because signature.PolicyContext has .Destroy(), not .Close().
+	// This also makes it harder for a caller to do
+	//     defer noteCloseFailure(returnedErr, …)
+	// which doesn’t use the right value of returnedErr, and doesn’t update it.
+	if err == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", description, closeErr)
+	}
+	// In this case we prioritize the primary error for use with %w; closeErr is usually less relevant, or might be a consequence of the primary erorr.
+	return fmt.Errorf("%w (%s: %v)", err, description, closeErr)
+}
+
 // commandAction intermediates between the RunE interface and the real handler,
 // primarily to ensure that cobra.Command is not available to the handler, which in turn
 // makes sure that the cmd.Flags() etc. flag access functions are not used,
@@ -27,13 +56,43 @@ type errorShouldDisplayUsage struct {
 func commandAction(handler func(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error) func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		err := handler(args, c.OutOrStdout())
-		if _, ok := err.(errorShouldDisplayUsage); ok {
-			c.Help()
+		var shouldDisplayUsage errorShouldDisplayUsage
+		if errors.As(err, &shouldDisplayUsage) {
+			return c.Help()
 		}
 		return err
 	}
 }
 
+// deprecatedTLSVerifyOption represents a deprecated --tls-verify option,
+// which was accepted for all subcommands, for a time.
+// Every user should call deprecatedTLSVerifyOption.warnIfUsed() as part of handling the CLI,
+// whether or not the value actually ends up being used.
+// DO NOT ADD ANY NEW USES OF THIS; just call dockerImageFlags with an appropriate, possibly empty, flagPrefix.
+type deprecatedTLSVerifyOption struct {
+	tlsVerify commonFlag.OptionalBool // FIXME FIXME: Warn if this is used, or even if it is ignored.
+}
+
+// warnIfUsed warns if tlsVerify was set by the user, and suggests alternatives (which should
+// start with "--").
+// Every user should call this as part of handling the CLI, whether or not the value actually
+// ends up being used.
+func (opts *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption) warnIfUsed(alternatives []string) {
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		logrus.Warnf("'--tls-verify' is deprecated, instead use: %s", strings.Join(alternatives, ", "))
+	}
+}
+
+// deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags prepares the CLI flag writing into deprecatedTLSVerifyOption, and the managed deprecatedTLSVerifyOption structure.
+// DO NOT ADD ANY NEW USES OF THIS; just call dockerImageFlags with an appropriate, possibly empty, flagPrefix.
+func deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags() (pflag.FlagSet, *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption) {
+	opts := deprecatedTLSVerifyOption{}
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
+	flag := commonFlag.OptionalBoolFlag(&fs, &opts.tlsVerify, "tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when accessing the container registry")
+	flag.Hidden = true
+	return fs, &opts
+}
+
 // sharedImageOptions collects CLI flags which are image-related, but do not change across images.
 // This really should be a part of globalOptions, but that would break existing users of (skopeo copy --authfile=).
 type sharedImageOptions struct {
@@ -52,13 +111,17 @@ func sharedImageFlags() (pflag.FlagSet, *sharedImageOptions) {
 // the same across subcommands, but may be different for each image
 // (e.g. may differ between the source and destination of a copy)
 type dockerImageOptions struct {
-	global         *globalOptions      // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
-	shared         *sharedImageOptions // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
-	authFilePath   optionalString      // Path to a */containers/auth.json (prefixed version to override shared image option).
-	credsOption    optionalString      // username[:password] for accessing a registry
-	dockerCertPath string              // A directory using Docker-like *.{crt,cert,key} files for connecting to a registry or a daemon
-	tlsVerify      optionalBool        // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
-	noCreds        bool                // Access the registry anonymously
+	global              *globalOptions             // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
+	shared              *sharedImageOptions        // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
+	deprecatedTLSVerify *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption // May be shared across several imageOptions instances, or nil.
+	authFilePath        commonFlag.OptionalString  // Path to a */containers/auth.json (prefixed version to override shared image option).
+	credsOption         commonFlag.OptionalString  // username[:password] for accessing a registry
+	userName            commonFlag.OptionalString  // username for accessing a registry
+	password            commonFlag.OptionalString  // password for accessing a registry
+	registryToken       commonFlag.OptionalString  // token to be used directly as a Bearer token when accessing the registry
+	dockerCertPath      string                     // A directory using Docker-like *.{crt,cert,key} files for connecting to a registry or a daemon
+	tlsVerify           commonFlag.OptionalBool    // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	noCreds             bool                       // Access the registry anonymously
 }
 
 // imageOptions collects CLI flags which are the same across subcommands, but may be different for each image
@@ -71,35 +134,39 @@ type imageOptions struct {
 
 // dockerImageFlags prepares a collection of docker-transport specific CLI flags
 // writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
-func dockerImageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageOptions) {
+func dockerImageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, deprecatedTLSVerify *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageOptions) {
 	flags := imageOptions{
 		dockerImageOptions: dockerImageOptions{
-			global: global,
-			shared: shared,
+			global:              global,
+			shared:              shared,
+			deprecatedTLSVerify: deprecatedTLSVerify,
 		},
 	}
 
 	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
 	if flagPrefix != "" {
 		// the non-prefixed flag is handled by a shared flag.
-		fs.Var(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.authFilePath), flagPrefix+"authfile", "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json")
+		fs.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&flags.authFilePath), flagPrefix+"authfile", "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json")
 	}
-	fs.Var(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.credsOption), flagPrefix+"creds", "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry")
+	fs.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&flags.credsOption), flagPrefix+"creds", "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry")
+	fs.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&flags.userName), flagPrefix+"username", "Username for accessing the registry")
+	fs.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&flags.password), flagPrefix+"password", "Password for accessing the registry")
 	if credsOptionAlias != "" {
 		// This is horribly ugly, but we need to support the old option forms of (skopeo copy) for compatibility.
 		// Don't add any more cases like this.
-		f := fs.VarPF(newOptionalStringValue(&flags.credsOption), credsOptionAlias, "", "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry")
+		f := fs.VarPF(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&flags.credsOption), credsOptionAlias, "", "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry")
 		f.Hidden = true
 	}
+	fs.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalStringValue(&flags.registryToken), flagPrefix+"registry-token", "Provide a Bearer token for accessing the registry")
 	fs.StringVar(&flags.dockerCertPath, flagPrefix+"cert-dir", "", "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry or daemon")
-	optionalBoolFlag(&fs, &flags.tlsVerify, flagPrefix+"tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon (defaults to true)")
+	commonFlag.OptionalBoolFlag(&fs, &flags.tlsVerify, flagPrefix+"tls-verify", "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon")
 	fs.BoolVar(&flags.noCreds, flagPrefix+"no-creds", false, "Access the registry anonymously")
 	return fs, &flags
 }
 
 // imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
-func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageOptions) {
-	dockerFlags, opts := dockerImageFlags(global, shared, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
+func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, deprecatedTLSVerify *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageOptions) {
+	dockerFlags, opts := dockerImageFlags(global, shared, deprecatedTLSVerify, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
 
 	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.sharedBlobDir, flagPrefix+"shared-blob-dir", "", "`DIRECTORY` to use to share blobs across OCI repositories")
@@ -108,6 +175,13 @@ func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, c
 	return fs, opts
 }
 
+func retryFlags() (pflag.FlagSet, *retry.Options) {
+	opts := retry.Options{}
+	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
+	fs.IntVar(&opts.MaxRetry, "retry-times", 0, "the number of times to possibly retry")
+	return fs, &opts
+}
+
 // newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
 // It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
 func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
@@ -119,24 +193,49 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.shared.authFilePath
 	ctx.DockerDaemonHost = opts.dockerDaemonHost
 	ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath = opts.dockerCertPath
-	if opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.present {
-		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.value
+	if opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.Present() {
+		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.Value()
 	}
-	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
-		ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !opts.tlsVerify.value
+	if opts.deprecatedTLSVerify != nil && opts.deprecatedTLSVerify.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		// If both this deprecated option and a non-deprecated option is present, we use the latter value.
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.deprecatedTLSVerify.tlsVerify.Value())
 	}
-	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
-		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !opts.tlsVerify.Value()
 	}
-	if opts.credsOption.present && opts.noCreds {
+	if opts.tlsVerify.Present() {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.Value())
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.Present() && opts.noCreds {
 		return nil, errors.New("creds and no-creds cannot be specified at the same time")
 	}
-	if opts.credsOption.present {
+	if opts.userName.Present() && opts.noCreds {
+		return nil, errors.New("username and no-creds cannot be specified at the same time")
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.Present() && opts.userName.Present() {
+		return nil, errors.New("creds and username cannot be specified at the same time")
+	}
+	// if any of username or password is present, then both are expected to be present
+	if opts.userName.Present() != opts.password.Present() {
+		if opts.userName.Present() {
+			return nil, errors.New("password must be specified when username is specified")
+		}
+		return nil, errors.New("username must be specified when password is specified")
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.Present() {
 		var err error
-		ctx.DockerAuthConfig, err = getDockerAuth(opts.credsOption.value)
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig, err = getDockerAuth(opts.credsOption.Value())
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+	} else if opts.userName.Present() {
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig = &types.DockerAuthConfig{
+			Username: opts.userName.Value(),
+			Password: opts.password.Value(),
+		}
+	}
+	if opts.registryToken.Present() {
+		ctx.DockerBearerRegistryToken = opts.registryToken.Value()
 	}
 	if opts.noCreds {
 		ctx.DockerAuthConfig = &types.DockerAuthConfig{}
@@ -145,25 +244,31 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	return ctx, nil
 }
 
-// imageDestOptions is a superset of imageOptions specialized for iamge destinations.
+// imageDestOptions is a superset of imageOptions specialized for image destinations.
+// Every user should call imageDestOptions.warnAboutIneffectiveOptions() as part of handling the CLI
 type imageDestOptions struct {
 	*imageOptions
-	dirForceCompression         bool        // Compress layers when saving to the dir: transport
-	ociAcceptUncompressedLayers bool        // Whether to accept uncompressed layers in the oci: transport
-	compressionFormat           string      // Format to use for the compression
-	compressionLevel            optionalInt // Level to use for the compression
+	dirForceCompression         bool                   // Compress layers when saving to the dir: transport
+	dirForceDecompression       bool                   // Decompress layers when saving to the dir: transport
+	ociAcceptUncompressedLayers bool                   // Whether to accept uncompressed layers in the oci: transport
+	compressionFormat           string                 // Format to use for the compression
+	compressionLevel            commonFlag.OptionalInt // Level to use for the compression
+	precomputeDigests           bool                   // Precompute digests to dedup layers when saving to the docker: transport
+	imageDestFlagPrefix         string
 }
 
 // imageDestFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageDestOptions, and the managed imageDestOptions structure.
-func imageDestFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageDestOptions) {
-	genericFlags, genericOptions := imageFlags(global, shared, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
-	opts := imageDestOptions{imageOptions: genericOptions}
+func imageDestFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, deprecatedTLSVerify *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) (pflag.FlagSet, *imageDestOptions) {
+	genericFlags, genericOptions := imageFlags(global, shared, deprecatedTLSVerify, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
+	opts := imageDestOptions{imageOptions: genericOptions, imageDestFlagPrefix: flagPrefix}
 	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
 	fs.AddFlagSet(&genericFlags)
 	fs.BoolVar(&opts.dirForceCompression, flagPrefix+"compress", false, "Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)")
+	fs.BoolVar(&opts.dirForceDecompression, flagPrefix+"decompress", false, "Decompress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)")
 	fs.BoolVar(&opts.ociAcceptUncompressedLayers, flagPrefix+"oci-accept-uncompressed-layers", false, "Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)")
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.compressionFormat, flagPrefix+"compress-format", "", "`FORMAT` to use for the compression")
-	fs.Var(newOptionalIntValue(&opts.compressionLevel), flagPrefix+"compress-level", "`LEVEL` to use for the compression")
+	fs.Var(commonFlag.NewOptionalIntValue(&opts.compressionLevel), flagPrefix+"compress-level", "`LEVEL` to use for the compression")
+	fs.BoolVar(&opts.precomputeDigests, flagPrefix+"precompute-digests", false, "Precompute digests to prevent uploading layers already on the registry using the 'docker' transport.")
 	return fs, &opts
 }
 
@@ -176,6 +281,7 @@ func (opts *imageDestOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	}
 
 	ctx.DirForceCompress = opts.dirForceCompression
+	ctx.DirForceDecompress = opts.dirForceDecompression
 	ctx.OCIAcceptUncompressedLayers = opts.ociAcceptUncompressedLayers
 	if opts.compressionFormat != "" {
 		cf, err := compression.AlgorithmByName(opts.compressionFormat)
@@ -184,12 +290,27 @@ func (opts *imageDestOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 		}
 		ctx.CompressionFormat = &cf
 	}
-	if opts.compressionLevel.present {
-		ctx.CompressionLevel = &opts.compressionLevel.value
+	if opts.compressionLevel.Present() {
+		value := opts.compressionLevel.Value()
+		ctx.CompressionLevel = &value
 	}
+	ctx.DockerRegistryPushPrecomputeDigests = opts.precomputeDigests
 	return ctx, err
 }
 
+// warnAboutIneffectiveOptions warns if any ineffective option was set by the user
+// Every user should call this as part of handling the CLI
+func (opts *imageDestOptions) warnAboutIneffectiveOptions(destTransport types.ImageTransport) {
+	if destTransport.Name() != directory.Transport.Name() {
+		if opts.dirForceCompression {
+			logrus.Warnf("--%s can only be used if the destination transport is 'dir'", opts.imageDestFlagPrefix+"compress")
+		}
+		if opts.dirForceDecompression {
+			logrus.Warnf("--%s can only be used if the destination transport is 'dir'", opts.imageDestFlagPrefix+"decompress")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func parseCreds(creds string) (string, string, error) {
 	if creds == "" {
 		return "", "", errors.New("credentials can't be empty")
@@ -229,6 +350,21 @@ func parseImageSource(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (typ
 	return ref.NewImageSource(ctx, sys)
 }
 
+// parseManifestFormat parses format parameter for copy and sync command.
+// It returns string value to use as manifest MIME type
+func parseManifestFormat(manifestFormat string) (string, error) {
+	switch manifestFormat {
+	case "oci":
+		return imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest, nil
+	case "v2s1":
+		return manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType, nil
+	case "v2s2":
+		return manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType, nil
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown format %q. Choose one of the supported formats: 'oci', 'v2s1', or 'v2s2'", manifestFormat)
+	}
+}
+
 // usageTemplate returns the usage template for skopeo commands
 // This blocks the displaying of the global options. The main skopeo
 // command should not use this.
@@ -257,3 +393,19 @@ func adjustUsage(c *cobra.Command) {
 	c.SetUsageTemplate(usageTemplate)
 	c.DisableFlagsInUseLine = true
 }
+
+// promptForPassphrase interactively prompts for a passphrase related to privateKeyFile
+func promptForPassphrase(privateKeyFile string, stdin, stdout *os.File) (string, error) {
+	stdinFd := int(stdin.Fd())
+	if !term.IsTerminal(stdinFd) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Cannot prompt for a passphrase for key %s, standard input is not a TTY", privateKeyFile)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "Passphrase for key %s: ", privateKeyFile)
+	passphrase, err := term.ReadPassword(stdinFd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Error reading password: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "\n")
+	return string(passphrase), nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/utils_test.go

@@ -1,31 +1,64 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"os"
+	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func TestNoteCloseFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	const description = "description"
+
+	mainErr := errors.New("main")
+	closeErr := errors.New("closing")
+
+	// Main success, closing failed
+	res := noteCloseFailure(nil, description, closeErr)
+	require.NotNil(t, res)
+	assert.Contains(t, res.Error(), description)
+	assert.Contains(t, res.Error(), closeErr.Error())
+
+	// Both main and closing failed
+	res = noteCloseFailure(mainErr, description, closeErr)
+	require.NotNil(t, res)
+	assert.Contains(t, res.Error(), mainErr.Error())
+	assert.Contains(t, res.Error(), description)
+	assert.Contains(t, res.Error(), closeErr.Error())
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, res, mainErr)
+}
+
 // fakeGlobalOptions creates globalOptions and sets it according to flags.
 func fakeGlobalOptions(t *testing.T, flags []string) (*globalOptions, *cobra.Command) {
 	app, opts := createApp()
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
 	app.AddCommand(cmd)
-	err := cmd.ParseFlags(flags)
+	err := app.ParseFlags(flags)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return opts, cmd
 }
 
 // fakeImageOptions creates imageOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
-func fakeImageOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageOptions {
+func fakeImageOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, useDeprecatedTLSVerify bool,
+	globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageOptions {
 	globalOpts, cmd := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
+	var deprecatedTLSVerifyFlag pflag.FlagSet
+	var deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption
+	if useDeprecatedTLSVerify {
+		deprecatedTLSVerifyFlag, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt = deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags()
+	}
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt, flagPrefix, "")
 	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	if useDeprecatedTLSVerify {
+		cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&deprecatedTLSVerifyFlag)
+	}
 	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
 	err := cmd.ParseFlags(cmdFlags)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -34,13 +67,15 @@ func fakeImageOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmd
 
 func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 	// Default state
-	opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{})
+	opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{}, []string{})
 	res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent: defaultUserAgent,
+	}, res)
 
 	// Set everything to non-default values.
-	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
+	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{
 		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
 		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
 		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
@@ -54,6 +89,7 @@ func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
 		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
 		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+		"--dest-registry-token", "faketoken",
 	})
 	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -67,55 +103,37 @@ func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
 		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
 		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		DockerBearerRegistryToken:         "faketoken",
 		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
 		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
 		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent:           defaultUserAgent,
 		BigFilesTemporaryDir:              "/srv",
 	}, res)
 
-	// Global/per-command tlsVerify behavior
-	for _, c := range []struct {
-		global, cmd          string
-		expectedDocker       types.OptionalBool
-		expectedDockerDaemon bool
-	}{
-		{"", "", types.OptionalBoolUndefined, false},
-		{"", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
-		{"", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
-		{"false", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
-		{"false", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
-		{"false", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
-		{"true", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
-		{"true", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
-		{"true", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
-	} {
-		globalFlags := []string{}
-		if c.global != "" {
-			globalFlags = append(globalFlags, "--tls-verify="+c.global)
-		}
-		cmdFlags := []string{}
-		if c.cmd != "" {
-			cmdFlags = append(cmdFlags, "--dest-tls-verify="+c.cmd)
-		}
-		opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", globalFlags, cmdFlags)
-		res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDocker, res.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
-		assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDockerDaemon, res.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
-	}
+	// Global/per-command tlsVerify behavior is tested in TestTLSVerifyFlags.
 
 	// Invalid option values
-	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
+	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
 	_, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 // fakeImageDestOptions creates imageDestOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
-func fakeImageDestOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageDestOptions {
+func fakeImageDestOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, useDeprecatedTLSVerify bool,
+	globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageDestOptions {
 	globalOpts, cmd := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
 	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
-	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageDestFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
+	var deprecatedTLSVerifyFlag pflag.FlagSet
+	var deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt *deprecatedTLSVerifyOption
+	if useDeprecatedTLSVerify {
+		deprecatedTLSVerifyFlag, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt = deprecatedTLSVerifyFlags()
+	}
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageDestFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, deprecatedTLSVerifyOpt, flagPrefix, "")
 	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&sharedFlags)
+	if useDeprecatedTLSVerify {
+		cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&deprecatedTLSVerifyFlag)
+	}
 	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(&imageFlags)
 	err := cmd.ParseFlags(cmdFlags)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -124,33 +142,30 @@ func fakeImageDestOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string,
 
 func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 	// Default state
-	opts := fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{})
+	opts := fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{}, []string{})
 	res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent: defaultUserAgent,
+	}, res)
 
-	oldXRD, hasXRD := os.LookupEnv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE")
-	defer func() {
-		if hasXRD {
-			os.Setenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE", oldXRD)
-		} else {
-			os.Unsetenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE")
-		}
-	}()
 	authFile := "/tmp/auth.json"
 	// Make sure when REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE is set the auth file is used
-	os.Setenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE", authFile)
+	t.Setenv("REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE", authFile)
 
 	// Explicitly set everything to default, except for when the default is “not present”
-	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{}, []string{
 		"--dest-compress=false",
 	})
 	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{AuthFilePath: authFile}, res)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		AuthFilePath:            authFile,
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent: defaultUserAgent,
+	}, res)
 
 	// Set everything to non-default values.
-	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{
 		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
 		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
 		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
@@ -164,32 +179,209 @@ func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
 		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
 		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
 		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+		"--dest-registry-token", "faketoken",
+		"--dest-precompute-digests=true",
 	})
 	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
-		RegistriesDirPath:                 "/srv/registries.d",
-		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/authfile",
-		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
-		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
-		VariantChoice:                     "overridden-variant",
-		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
-		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
-		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
-		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
-		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
-		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
-		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
-		DirForceCompress:                  true,
-		BigFilesTemporaryDir:              "/srv",
+		RegistriesDirPath:                   "/srv/registries.d",
+		AuthFilePath:                        "/srv/authfile",
+		ArchitectureChoice:                  "overridden-arch",
+		OSChoice:                            "overridden-os",
+		VariantChoice:                       "overridden-variant",
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:                "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		DockerCertPath:                      "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:         types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		DockerAuthConfig:                    &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		DockerBearerRegistryToken:           "faketoken",
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:                "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerDaemonHost:                    "daemon-host.example.com",
+		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify:   true,
+		DockerRegistryUserAgent:             defaultUserAgent,
+		DirForceCompress:                    true,
+		BigFilesTemporaryDir:                "/srv",
+		DockerRegistryPushPrecomputeDigests: true,
 	}, res)
 
+	// Global/per-command tlsVerify behavior is tested in TestTLSVerifyFlags.
+
 	// Invalid option values in imageOptions
-	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
 	_, err = opts.newSystemContext()
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
+// TestImageOptionsUsernamePassword verifies that using the username and password
+// options works as expected
+func TestImageOptionsUsernamePassword(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, command := range []struct {
+		commandArgs        []string
+		expectedAuthConfig *types.DockerAuthConfig // data to expect, or nil if an error is expected
+	}{
+		// Set only username/password (without --creds), expected to pass
+		{
+			commandArgs:        []string{"--dest-username", "foo", "--dest-password", "bar"},
+			expectedAuthConfig: &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "foo", Password: "bar"},
+		},
+		// no username but set password, expect error
+		{
+			commandArgs:        []string{"--dest-password", "foo"},
+			expectedAuthConfig: nil,
+		},
+		// set username but no password. expected to fail (we currently don't allow a user without password)
+		{
+			commandArgs:        []string{"--dest-username", "bar"},
+			expectedAuthConfig: nil,
+		},
+		// set username with --creds, expected to fail
+		{
+			commandArgs:        []string{"--dest-username", "bar", "--dest-creds", "hello:world", "--dest-password", "foo"},
+			expectedAuthConfig: nil,
+		},
+		// set username with --no-creds, expected to fail
+		{
+			commandArgs:        []string{"--dest-username", "bar", "--dest-no-creds", "--dest-password", "foo"},
+			expectedAuthConfig: nil,
+		},
+	} {
+		opts := fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", true, []string{}, command.commandArgs)
+		// parse the command options
+		res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+		if command.expectedAuthConfig == nil {
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+		} else {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+				DockerRegistryUserAgent: defaultUserAgent,
+				DockerAuthConfig:        command.expectedAuthConfig,
+			}, res)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTLSVerifyFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	type systemContextOpts interface { // Either *imageOptions or *imageDestOptions
+		newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error)
+	}
+
+	for _, creator := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		newOpts func(useDeprecatedTLSVerify bool, globalFlags, cmdFlags []string) systemContextOpts
+	}{
+		{
+			"imageFlags",
+			func(useDeprecatedTLSVerify bool, globalFlags, cmdFlags []string) systemContextOpts {
+				return fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", useDeprecatedTLSVerify, globalFlags, cmdFlags)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"imageDestFlags",
+			func(useDeprecatedTLSVerify bool, globalFlags, cmdFlags []string) systemContextOpts {
+				return fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", useDeprecatedTLSVerify, globalFlags, cmdFlags)
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(creator.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			for _, c := range []struct {
+				global, deprecatedCmd, cmd string
+				expectedDocker             types.OptionalBool
+				expectedDockerDaemon       bool
+			}{
+				{"", "", "", types.OptionalBoolUndefined, false},
+				{"", "", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"", "", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"", "false", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
+				{"", "false", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"", "false", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"", "true", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"", "true", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"", "true", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"false", "", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
+				{"false", "", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"false", "", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"false", "false", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
+				{"false", "false", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"false", "false", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"false", "true", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"false", "true", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"false", "true", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"true", "", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"true", "", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"true", "", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"true", "false", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
+				{"true", "false", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"true", "false", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"true", "true", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+				{"true", "true", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+				{"true", "true", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+			} {
+				globalFlags := []string{}
+				if c.global != "" {
+					globalFlags = append(globalFlags, "--tls-verify="+c.global)
+				}
+				cmdFlags := []string{}
+				if c.deprecatedCmd != "" {
+					cmdFlags = append(cmdFlags, "--tls-verify="+c.deprecatedCmd)
+				}
+				if c.cmd != "" {
+					cmdFlags = append(cmdFlags, "--dest-tls-verify="+c.cmd)
+				}
+				opts := creator.newOpts(true, globalFlags, cmdFlags)
+				res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDocker, res.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDockerDaemon, res.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+
+				if c.deprecatedCmd == "" { // Test also the behavior when deprecatedTLSFlag is not recognized
+					// Use globalFlags from the previous test
+					cmdFlags := []string{}
+					if c.cmd != "" {
+						cmdFlags = append(cmdFlags, "--dest-tls-verify="+c.cmd)
+					}
+					opts := creator.newOpts(false, globalFlags, cmdFlags)
+					res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+					assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDocker, res.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+					assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDockerDaemon, res.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseManifestFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testCase := range []struct {
+		formatParam          string
+		expectedManifestType string
+		expectErr            bool
+	}{
+		{"oci",
+			imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest,
+			false},
+		{"v2s1",
+			manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType,
+			false},
+		{"v2s2",
+			manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType,
+			false},
+		{"",
+			"",
+			true},
+		{"badValue",
+			"",
+			true},
+	} {
+		manifestType, err := parseManifestFormat(testCase.formatParam)
+		if testCase.expectErr {
+			require.Error(t, err)
+		} else {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, manifestType, testCase.expectedManifestType)
+	}
+}
+
 // since there is a shared authfile image option and a non-shared (prefixed) one, make sure the override logic
 // works correctly.
 func TestImageOptionsAuthfileOverride(t *testing.T) {
@@ -224,12 +416,13 @@ func TestImageOptionsAuthfileOverride(t *testing.T) {
 			}, "/srv/dest-authfile",
 		},
 	} {
-		opts := fakeImageOptions(t, testCase.flagPrefix, []string{}, testCase.cmdFlags)
+		opts := fakeImageOptions(t, testCase.flagPrefix, false, []string{}, testCase.cmdFlags)
 		res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
-			AuthFilePath: testCase.expectedAuthfilePath,
+			AuthFilePath:            testCase.expectedAuthfilePath,
+			DockerRegistryUserAgent: defaultUserAgent,
 		}, res)
 	}
 }

completions/bash/skopeo

@@ -1,269 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/bash
-
-_complete_() {
-    local options_with_args=$1
-    local boolean_options="$2 -h --help"
-    local transports=$3
-
-    local option_with_args
-    for option_with_args in $options_with_args $transports
-    do
-        if [ "$option_with_args" == "$prev" ] || [ "$option_with_args" == "$cur" ]
-        then
-            return
-        fi
-    done
-
-    case "$cur" in
-        -*)
-            while IFS='' read -r line; do COMPREPLY+=("$line"); done < <(compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur")
-            ;;
-        *)
-            if [ -n "$transports" ]
-            then
-                compopt -o nospace
-                while IFS='' read -r line; do COMPREPLY+=("$line"); done < <(compgen -W "$transports" -- "$cur")
-            fi
-            ;;
-    esac
-}
-
-_skopeo_supported_transports() {
-    local subcommand=$1
-
-    skopeo "$subcommand" --help | grep "Supported transports" -A 1 | tail -n 1 | sed -e 's/,/:/g' -e 's/$/:/'
-}
-
-_skopeo_copy() {
-    local options_with_args="
-    --authfile
-    --src-authfile
-    --dest-authfile
-    --format -f
-    --sign-by
-    --src-creds --screds
-    --src-cert-dir
-    --src-tls-verify
-    --dest-creds --dcreds
-    --dest-cert-dir
-    --dest-tls-verify
-    --src-daemon-host
-    --dest-daemon-host
-    "
-
-    local boolean_options="
-    --all
-    --dest-compress
-    --remove-signatures
-    --src-no-creds
-    --dest-no-creds
-    --dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers
-    "
-
-    local transports
-    transports="
-    $(_skopeo_supported_transports "${FUNCNAME//"_skopeo_"/}")
-    "
-
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
-}
-
-_skopeo_inspect() {
-     local options_with_args="
-     --authfile
-     --creds
-     --cert-dir
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-     --config
-     --raw
-     --tls-verify
-     --no-creds
-    "
-
-    local transports
-    transports="
-    $(_skopeo_supported_transports "${FUNCNAME//"_skopeo_"/}")
-    "
-
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
-}
-
-_skopeo_standalone_sign() {
-     local options_with_args="
-       -o --output
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_standalone_verify() {
-     local options_with_args="
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_manifest_digest() {
-     local options_with_args="
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_delete() {
-     local options_with_args="
-     --authfile
-     --creds
-     --cert-dir
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-     --tls-verify
-     --no-creds
-     "
-
-    local transports
-    transports="
-    $(_skopeo_supported_transports "${FUNCNAME//"_skopeo_"/}")
-    "
-
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
-}
-
-_skopeo_layers() {
-     local options_with_args="
-       --creds
-       --cert-dir
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-       --tls-verify
-     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_list_repository_tags() {
-     local options_with_args="
-     --authfile
-     --creds
-     --cert-dir
-     "
-
-     local boolean_options="
-     --tls-verify
-     --no-creds
-     "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_login() {
-    local options_with_args="
-    --authfile
-    --cert-dir
-    --password -p
-    --username -u
-    "
-
-    local boolean_options="
-    --get-login
-    --tls-verify
-    --password-stdin
-    "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_logout() {
-    local options_with_args="
-    --authfile
-    "
-
-    local boolean_options="
-    --all -a
-    "
-    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
-}
-
-_skopeo_skopeo() {
-     # XXX: Changes here need to be refleceted in the manually expanded
-     # string in the `case` statement below as well.
-     local options_with_args="
-       --policy
-       --registries.d
-       --override-arch
-       --override-os
-       --override-variant
-       --command-timeout
-       --tmpdir
-     "
-     local boolean_options="
-       --insecure-policy
-       --debug
-       --version -v
-       --help -h
-     "
-
-     local commands=(
-       copy
-       delete
-       inspect
-       list-tags
-       login
-       logout
-       manifest-digest
-       standalone-sign
-       standalone-verify
-       sync
-       help
-       h
-     )
-
-     case "$prev" in
-         # XXX: Changes here need to be refleceted in $options_with_args as well.
-         --policy|--registries.d|--override-arch|--override-os|--override-variant|--command-timeout)
-             return
-             ;;
-     esac
-
-     case "$cur" in
-         -*)
-             while IFS='' read -r line; do COMPREPLY+=("$line"); done < <(compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur")
-             ;;
-         *)
-             while IFS='' read -r line; do COMPREPLY+=("$line"); done < <(compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur")
-             ;;
-     esac
-}
-
-_cli_bash_autocomplete() {
-     local cur
-
-     COMPREPLY=()
-     cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
-     COMPREPLY=()
-     local cur prev words cword
-
-     _get_comp_words_by_ref -n : cur prev words cword
-
-     local command="skopeo" cpos=0
-     local counter=1
-     while [ $counter -lt "$cword" ]; do
-         case "${words[$counter]}" in
-             skopeo|copy|inspect|delete|manifest-digest|standalone-sign|standalone-verify|help|h|list-repository-tags)
-                 command="${words[$counter]//-/_}"
-                 cpos=$counter
-                 (( cpos++ ))
-                 break
-                 ;;
-         esac
-         (( counter++ ))
-     done
-
-     local completions_func=_skopeo_${command}
-     declare -F "$completions_func" >/dev/null && $completions_func
-
-     return 0
-}
-
- complete -F _cli_bash_autocomplete skopeo

contrib/cirrus/runner.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script is intended to be executed by automation or humans
+# under a hack/get_ci_vm.sh context.  Use under any other circumstances
+# is unlikely to function.
+
+set -e
+
+# BEGIN Global export of all variables
+set -a
+
+# Due to differences across platforms and runtime execution environments,
+# handling of the (otherwise) default shell setup is non-uniform.  Rather
+# than attempt to workaround differences, simply force-load/set required
+# items every time this library is utilized.
+USER="$(whoami)"
+HOME="$(getent passwd $USER | cut -d : -f 6)"
+# Some platforms set and make this read-only
+[[ -n "$UID" ]] || \
+    UID=$(getent passwd $USER | cut -d : -f 3)
+
+if [[ -r "/etc/automation_environment" ]]; then
+    source /etc/automation_environment
+    source $AUTOMATION_LIB_PATH/common_lib.sh
+else
+    (
+    echo "WARNING: It does not appear that containers/automation was installed."
+    echo "         Functionality of most of ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} will be negatively"
+    echo "         impacted."
+    ) > /dev/stderr
+fi
+
+# This is the magic interpreted by the tests to allow modifying local config/services.
+SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1
+
+PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
+
+# END Global export of all variables
+set +a
+
+
+_run_setup() {
+    local mnt
+    local errmsg
+    req_env_vars SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN
+    if [[ "$OS_RELEASE_ID" != "fedora" ]]; then
+        die "Unknown/unsupported distro. $OS_REL_VER"
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -r "/.ci_setup_complete" ]]; then
+        warn "Thwarted an attempt to execute setup more than once."
+        return
+    fi
+
+    # VM's come with the distro. skopeo package pre-installed
+    dnf erase -y skopeo
+
+    # Required for testing the SIF transport
+    dnf install -y fakeroot squashfs-tools
+
+    msg "Removing systemd-resolved from nsswitch.conf"
+    # /etc/resolv.conf is already set to bypass systemd-resolvd
+    sed -i -r -e 's/^(hosts.+)resolve.+dns/\1dns/' /etc/nsswitch.conf
+
+    # A slew of compiled binaries are pre-built and distributed
+    # within the CI/Dev container image, but we want to run
+    # things directly on the host VM.  Fortunately they're all
+    # located in the container under /usr/local/bin
+    msg "Accessing contents of $SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN"
+    podman pull --quiet $SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN
+    mnt=$(podman mount $(podman create $SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN))
+
+    # The container and VM images are built in tandem in the same repo.
+    # automation, but the sources are in different directories.  It's
+    # possible for a mismatch to happen, but should (hopefully) be unlikely.
+    # Double-check to make sure.
+    if ! fgrep -qx "ID=$OS_RELEASE_ID" $mnt/etc/os-release || \
+       ! fgrep -qx "VERSION_ID=$OS_RELEASE_VER" $mnt/etc/os-release; then
+            die "Somehow $SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN is not based on $OS_REL_VER."
+    fi
+    msg "Copying test binaries from $SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN /usr/local/bin/"
+    cp -a "$mnt/usr/local/bin/"* "/usr/local/bin/"
+    msg "Configuring the openshift registry"
+
+    # TODO: Put directory & yaml into more sensible place + update integration tests
+    mkdir -vp /registry
+    cp -a "$mnt/atomic-registry-config.yml" /
+
+    msg "Cleaning up"
+    podman umount --latest
+    podman rm --latest
+
+    # Ensure setup can only run once
+    touch "/.ci_setup_complete"
+}
+
+_run_vendor() {
+    make vendor BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+}
+
+_run_build() {
+    make bin/skopeo BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+    make install PREFIX=/usr/local
+}
+
+_run_cross() {
+    make local-cross BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+}
+
+_run_doccheck() {
+    make validate-docs BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+}
+
+_run_unit() {
+    make test-unit-local BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+}
+
+_run_integration() {
+    # Ensure we start with a clean-slate
+    podman system reset --force
+
+    make test-integration-local BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+}
+
+_run_system() {
+    # Ensure we start with a clean-slate
+    podman system reset --force
+
+    # Executes with containers required for testing.
+    make test-system-local BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
+}
+
+req_env_vars SKOPEO_PATH BUILDTAGS
+
+handler="_run_${1}"
+if [ "$(type -t $handler)" != "function" ]; then
+    die "Unknown/Unsupported command-line argument '$1'"
+fi
+
+msg "************************************************************"
+msg "Runner executing $1 on $OS_REL_VER"
+msg "************************************************************"
+
+cd "$SKOPEO_PATH"
+$handler

contrib/skopeoimage/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
+[comment]: <> (***ATTENTION*** ***WARNING*** ***ALERT*** ***CAUTION*** ***DANGER***)
+[comment]: <> ()
+[comment]: <> (ANY changes made to this file, once commited/merged must)
+[comment]: <> (be manually copy/pasted -in markdown- into the description)
+[comment]: <> (field on Quay at the following locations:)
+[comment]: <> ()
+[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/containers/skopeo)
+[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/skopeo/stable)
+[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/skopeo/testing)
+[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/skopeo/upstream)
+[comment]: <> ()
+[comment]: <> (***ATTENTION*** ***WARNING*** ***ALERT*** ***CAUTION*** ***DANGER***)
+
 <img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/master/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250">
 
 ----
@@ -6,19 +19,40 @@
 
 ## Overview
 
-This directory contains the Dockerfiles necessary to create the three skopeoimage container
-images that are housed on quay.io under the skopeo account.  All three repositories where
-the images live are public and can be pulled without credentials.  These container images
-are secured and the resulting containers can run safely.  The container images are built
-using the latest Fedora and then Skopeo is installed into them:
+This directory contains the Containerfiles necessary to create the skopeoimage container
+images that are housed on quay.io under the skopeo account.  All repositories where
+the images live are public and can be pulled without credentials.  These container images are secured and the
+resulting containers can run safely with privileges within the container.
+
+The container images are built using the latest Fedora and then Skopeo is installed into them.
+The PATH in the container images is set to the default PATH provided by Fedora.  Also, the
+ENTRYPOINT and the WORKDIR variables are not set within these container images, as such they
+default to `/`.
+
+The container images are:
+
+  * `quay.io/containers/skopeo:v<version>` and `quay.io/skopeo/stable:v<version>` -
+    These images are built daily.  These images are intended contain an unchanging
+    and stable version of skopeo.  For the most recent `<version>` tags (`vX`,
+    `vX.Y`, and `vX.Y.Z`) the image contents will be updated daily to incorporate
+    (especially) security updates.  For build details, please[see the configuration
+    file](stable/Containerfile).
+  * `quay.io/containers/skopeo:latest` and `quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest` -
+    Built daily using the same Containerfile as above.  The skopeo version
+    will remain the "latest" available in Fedora, however the other image
+    contents may vary compared to the version-tagged images.
+  * `quay.io/skopeo/testing:latest` - This image is built daily, using the
+    latest version of Skopeo that was in the Fedora `updates-testing` repository.
+    The image is Built with [the testing Containerfile](testing/Containerfile).
+  * `quay.io/skopeo/upstream:latest` - This image is built daily using the latest
+    code found in this GitHub repository.  Due to the image changing frequently,
+    it's not guaranteed to be stable or even executable.  The image is built with
+    [the upstream Containerfile](upstream/Containerfile).
 
-  * quay.io/skopeo/stable - This image is built using the latest stable version of Skopeo in a Fedora based container.  Built with skopeoimage/stable/Dockerfile.
-  * quay.io/skopeo/upstream - This image is built using the latest code found in this GitHub repository.  When someone creates a commit and pushes it, the image is created.  Due to that the image changes frequently and is not guaranteed to be stable.  Built with skopeoimage/upstream/Dockerfile.
-  * quay.io/skopeo/testing - This image is built using the latest version of Skopeo that is or was in updates testing for Fedora.  At times this may be the same as the stable image.  This container image will primarily be used by the development teams for verification testing when a new package is created.  Built with skopeoimage/testing/Dockerfile.
 
 ## Sample Usage
 
-Although not required, it is suggested that [Podman](https://github.com/containers/libpod) be used with these container images.
+Although not required, it is suggested that [Podman](https://github.com/containers/podman) be used with these container images.
 
 ```
 # Get Help on Skopeo

contrib/skopeoimage/stable/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# stable/Containerfile
+#
+# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
+# stable version of Skopeo on the Fedoras Updates System.
+# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
+# This image can be used to create a secured container
+# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
+#
+FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
+
+# Don't include container-selinux and remove
+# directories used by dnf that are just taking
+# up space.
+# TODO: rpm --setcaps... needed due to Fedora (base) image builds
+#       being (maybe still?) affected by
+#       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1995337#c3
+RUN dnf -y update && \
+    rpm --setcaps shadow-utils 2>/dev/null && \
+    dnf -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs \
+        --exclude container-selinux && \
+    dnf clean all && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*
+
+RUN useradd skopeo && \
+    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid && \
+    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
+
+# Copy & modify the defaults to provide reference if runtime changes needed.
+# Changes here are required for running with fuse-overlay storage inside container.
+RUN sed -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' \
+        -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' \
+        -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' \
+        /usr/share/containers/storage.conf \
+        > /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Setup the ability to use additional stores
+# with this container image.
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images \
+             /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers && \
+    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock && \
+    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
+
+# Point to the Authorization file
+ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/tmp/auth.json
+
+# Set the entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/stable/Dockerfile

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-# stable/Dockerfile
-#
-# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
-# stable version of Skopeo on the Fedoras Updates System.
-# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
-# This image can be used to create a secured container
-# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
-#
-FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:32
-
-# Don't include container-selinux and remove
-# directories used by yum that are just taking
-# up space.  Also reinstall shadow-utils as without
-# doing so, the setuid/setgid bits on newuidmap
-# and newgidmap are lost in the Fedora images. 
-RUN useradd skopeo; yum -y update; yum -y reinstall shadow-utils; yum -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs --exclude container-selinux; yum clean all; rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*;
-
-# Adjust storage.conf to enable Fuse storage.
-RUN sed -i -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' /etc/containers/storage.conf
-
-# Setup the ability to use additional stores
-# with this container image.
-RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
-
-# Setup skopeo's uid/guid entries
-RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid
-RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
-
-# Point to the Authorization file
-ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/auth.json
-
-# Set the entrypoint
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/testing/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# testing/Containerfile
+#
+# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
+# version of Skopeo that is in updates-testing
+# on the Fedoras Updates System.
+# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
+# This image can be used to create a secured container
+# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
+#
+FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
+
+# Don't include container-selinux and remove
+# directories used by dnf that are just taking
+# up space.
+# TODO: rpm --setcaps... needed due to Fedora (base) image builds
+#       being (maybe still?) affected by
+#       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1995337#c3
+RUN dnf -y update && \
+    rpm --setcaps shadow-utils 2>/dev/null && \
+    dnf -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs \
+        --exclude container-selinux \
+        --enablerepo updates-testing && \
+    dnf clean all && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*
+
+RUN useradd skopeo && \
+    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid && \
+    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
+
+# Copy & modify the defaults to provide reference if runtime changes needed.
+# Changes here are required for running with fuse-overlay storage inside container.
+RUN sed -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' \
+        -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' \
+        -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' \
+        /usr/share/containers/storage.conf \
+        > /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Setup the ability to use additional stores
+# with this container image.
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images \
+             /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers && \
+    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock && \
+    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
+
+# Point to the Authorization file
+ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/tmp/auth.json
+
+# Set the entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/testing/Dockerfile

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# testing/Dockerfile
-#
-# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
-# version of Skopeo that is in updates-testing
-# on the Fedoras Updates System.
-# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
-# This image can be used to create a secured container
-# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
-#
-FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:32
-
-# Don't include container-selinux and remove
-# directories used by yum that are just taking
-# up space.  Also reinstall shadow-utils as without
-# doing so, the setuid/setgid bits on newuidmap
-# and newgidmap are lost in the Fedora images. 
-RUN useradd skopeo; yum -y update; yum -y reinstall shadow-utils; yum -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs --enablerepo updates-testing --exclude container-selinux; yum clean all; rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*;
-
-# Adjust storage.conf to enable Fuse storage.
-RUN sed -i -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' /etc/containers/storage.conf
-
-# Setup the ability to use additional stores
-# with this container image.
-RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
-
-# Setup skopeo's uid/guid entries
-RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid
-RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
-
-# Point to the Authorization file
-ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/auth.json
-
-# Set the entrypoint
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/upstream/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# upstream/Containerfile
+#
+# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
+# upstream version of Skopeo on GitHub.
+# https://github.com/containers/skopeo
+# This image can be used to create a secured container
+# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
+#
+FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
+
+# Don't include container-selinux and remove
+# directories used by dnf that are just taking
+# up space.
+# TODO: rpm --setcaps... needed due to Fedora (base) image builds
+#       being (maybe still?) affected by
+#       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1995337#c3
+RUN dnf -y update && \
+    rpm --setcaps shadow-utils 2>/dev/null && \
+    dnf -y install 'dnf-command(copr)' --enablerepo=updates-testing && \
+    dnf -y copr enable rhcontainerbot/podman-next && \
+    dnf -y install skopeo \
+        --exclude container-selinux \
+        --enablerepo=updates-testing && \
+    dnf clean all && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*
+
+RUN useradd skopeo && \
+    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid && \
+    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
+
+# Copy & modify the defaults to provide reference if runtime changes needed.
+# Changes here are required for running with fuse-overlay storage inside container.
+RUN sed -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' \
+        -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' \
+        -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' \
+        /usr/share/containers/storage.conf \
+        > /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Setup the ability to use additional stores
+# with this container image.
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images \
+             /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers && \
+    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock && \
+    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
+
+# Point to the Authorization file
+ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/tmp/auth.json
+
+# Set the entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/upstream/Dockerfile

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# upstream/Dockerfile
-#
-# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
-# upstream version of Skopeo on GitHub.
-# https://github.com/containers/skopeo
-# This image can be used to create a secured container
-# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
-#
-FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:32
-
-# Don't include container-selinux and remove
-# directories used by yum that are just taking
-# up space.  Also reinstall shadow-utils as without
-# doing so, the setuid/setgid bits on newuidmap
-# and newgidmap are lost in the Fedora images. 
-RUN useradd skopeo; yum -y update; yum -y reinstall shadow-utils; \
-yum -y install make \
-golang \
-git \
-go-md2man \
-fuse-overlayfs \
-fuse3 \
-containers-common \
-gpgme-devel \
-libassuan-devel \
-btrfs-progs-devel \
-device-mapper-devel --enablerepo updates-testing --exclude container-selinux; \
-mkdir /root/skopeo; \
-git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo /root/skopeo/src/github.com/containers/skopeo; \
-export GOPATH=/root/skopeo; \
-cd /root/skopeo/src/github.com/containers/skopeo; \
-make binary-local;\
-make install;\
-rm -rf /root/skopeo/*; \
-yum -y remove git golang go-md2man make; \
-yum clean all; rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*;
-
-# Adjust storage.conf to enable Fuse storage.
-RUN sed -i -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' /etc/containers/storage.conf
-
-# Setup the ability to use additional stores
-# with this container image.
-RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock; touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
-
-# Setup skopeo's uid/guid entries
-RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid
-RUN echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
-
-# Point to the Authorization file
-ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/auth.json
-
-# Set the entrypoint
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

default.yaml

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 # This is a default registries.d configuration file.  You may
 # add to this file or create additional files in registries.d/.
 #
-# sigstore: indicates a location that is read and write
-# sigstore-staging: indicates a location that is only for write
+# lookaside: for reading/writing simple signing signatures
+# lookaside-staging: for writing simple signing signatures, preferred over lookaside
 #
-# sigstore and sigstore-staging take a value of the following:
-#   sigstore:  {schema}://location
+# lookaside and lookaside-staging take a value of the following:
+#   lookaside:  {schema}://location
 #
 # For reading signatures, schema may be http, https, or file.
 # For writing signatures, schema may only be file.
 
-# This is the default signature write location for docker registries.
+# The default locations are built-in, for both reading and writing:
+# /var/lib/containers/sigstore for root, or
+# ~/.local/share/containers/sigstore for non-root users.
 default-docker:
-#  sigstore: file:///var/lib/containers/sigstore
-  sigstore-staging: file:///var/lib/containers/sigstore
+#  lookaside: https://…
+#  lookaside-staging: file:///…
 
 # The 'docker' indicator here is the start of the configuration
 # for docker registries.
@@ -21,6 +23,6 @@ default-docker:
 # docker:
 #
 #   privateregistry.com:
-#    sigstore: http://privateregistry.com/sigstore/
-#    sigstore-staging: /mnt/nfs/privateregistry/sigstore
+#    lookaside: https://privateregistry.com/sigstore/
+#    lookaside-staging: /mnt/nfs/privateregistry/sigstore
 

docs/skopeo-copy.1.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 skopeo\-copy - Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo copy** [**--sign-by=**_key-ID_] _source-image destination-image_
+**skopeo copy** [*options*] _source-image_ _destination-image_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
@@ -15,9 +15,16 @@ Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by
 
   _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
 
+_source-image_ and _destination-image_ are interpreted completely independently; e.g. the destination name does not
+automatically inherit any parts of the source name.
+
 ## OPTIONS
 
-**--all**
+**--additional-tag**=_strings_
+
+Additional tags (supports docker-archive).
+
+**--all**, **-a**
 
 If _source-image_ refers to a list of images, instead of copying just the image which matches the current OS and
 architecture (subject to the use of the global --override-os, --override-arch and --override-variant options), attempt to copy all of
@@ -39,50 +46,178 @@ Path of the authentication file for the source registry. Uses path given by `--a
 
 Path of the authentication file for the destination registry. Uses path given by `--authfile`, if not provided.
 
-**--format, -f** _manifest-type_ Manifest type (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)
+**--dest-shared-blob-dir** _directory_
 
-**--quiet, -q** suppress output information when copying images
+Directory to use to share blobs across OCI repositories.
 
-**--remove-signatures** do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
+**--digestfile** _path_
 
-**--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+After copying the image, write the digest of the resulting image to the file.
 
-**--encryption-key** _Key_ a reference prefixed with the encryption protocol to use. The supported protocols are JWE, PGP and PKCS7. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file. This feature is still *experimental*.
+**--preserve-digests**
 
-**--decryption-key** _Key_ a reference required to perform decryption of container images. This should point to files which represent keys and/or certificates that can be used for decryption. Decryption will be tried with all keys. This feature is still *experimental*.
+Preserve the digests during copying. Fail if the digest cannot be preserved. Consider using `--all` at the same time.
 
-**--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
+**--encrypt-layer** _ints_
 
-**--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)
+*Experimental* the 0-indexed layer indices, with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer)
 
-**--dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers** _bool-value_ Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)
+**--format**, **-f** _manifest-type_
 
-**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
+MANIFEST TYPE (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use in the destination (default is manifest type of source, with fallbacks)
 
-**--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon
+**--help**, **-h**
 
-**--src-no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+Print usage statement
 
-**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+**--multi-arch** _option_
 
-**--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon
+Control what is copied if _source-image_ refers to a multi-architecture image. Default is system.
 
-**--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_  Access the registry anonymously.
+Options:
+- system: Copy only the image that matches the system architecture
+- all: Copy the full multi-architecture image
+- index-only: Copy only the index
 
-**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+The index-only option usually fails unless the referenced per-architecture images are already present in the destination, or the target registry supports sparse indexes.
 
-**--src-daemon-host** _host_ Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+**--quiet**, **-q**
 
-**--dest-daemon-host** _host_ Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+Suppress output information when copying images.
+
+**--remove-signatures**
+
+Do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
+
+**--sign-by** _key-id_
+
+Add a “simple signing” signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--sign-by-sigstore-private-key** _path_
+
+Add a sigstore signature using a private key at _path_ for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--sign-passphrase-file** _path_
+
+The passphare to use when signing with `--sign-by` or `--sign-by-sigstore-private-key`. Only the first line will be read. A passphrase stored in a file is of questionable security if other users can read this file. Do not use this option if at all avoidable.
+
+**--sign-identity** _reference_
+
+The identity to use when signing the image. The identity must be a fully specified docker reference. If the identity is not specified, the target docker reference will be used.
+
+**--src-shared-blob-dir** _directory_
+
+Directory to use to share blobs across OCI repositories.
+
+**--encryption-key** _protocol:keyfile_
+
+Specifies the encryption protocol, which can be JWE (RFC7516), PGP (RFC4880), and PKCS7 (RFC2315) and the key material required for image encryption. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file.
+
+**--decryption-key** _key[:passphrase]_
+
+Key to be used for decryption of images. Key can point to keys and/or certificates. Decryption will be tried with all keys. If the key is protected by a passphrase, it is required to be passed in the argument and omitted otherwise.
+
+**--src-creds** _username[:password]_
+
+Credentials for accessing the source registry.
+
+**--dest-compress**
+
+Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source).
+
+**--dest-decompress**
+
+Decompress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source).
+
+**--dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers**
+
+Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed).
+
+**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_
+
+Credentials for accessing the destination registry.
+
+**--src-cert-dir** _path_
+
+Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon.
+
+**--src-no-creds**
+
+Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--src-tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon. Default to source registry setting.
+
+**--dest-cert-dir** _path_
+
+Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon.
+
+**--dest-no-creds**
+
+Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--dest-tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon. Default to destination registry setting.
+
+**--src-daemon-host** _host_
+
+Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+**--dest-daemon-host** _host_
+
+Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
 
 Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
 
-**--dest-compress-format** _format_ Specifies the compression format to use.  Supported values are: `gzip` and `zstd`.
+**--dest-compress-format** _format_
 
-**--dest-compress-level** _format_ Specifies the compression level to use.  The value is specific to the compression algorithm used, e.g. for zstd the accepted values are in the range 1-20 (inclusive), while for gzip it is 1-9 (inclusive).
+Specifies the compression format to use.  Supported values are: `gzip` and `zstd`.
+
+**--dest-compress-level** _format_
+
+Specifies the compression level to use.  The value is specific to the compression algorithm used, e.g. for zstd the accepted values are in the range 1-20 (inclusive), while for gzip it is 1-9 (inclusive).
+
+**--src-registry-token** _token_
+
+Bearer token for accessing the source registry.
+
+**--dest-registry-token** _token_
+
+Bearer token for accessing the destination registry.
+
+**--dest-precompute-digests**
+
+Precompute digests to ensure layers are not uploaded that already exist on the destination registry. Layers with initially unknown digests (ex. compressing "on the fly") will be temporarily streamed to disk.
+
+**--retry-times**
+
+The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+
+**--src-username**
+
+The username to access the source registry.
+
+**--src-password**
+
+The password to access the source registry.
+
+**--dest-username**
+
+The username to access the destination registry.
+
+**--dest-password**
+
+The password to access the destination registry.
 
 ## EXAMPLES
 
+To just copy an image from one registry to another:
+```sh
+$ skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest
+```
+
 To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
 ```sh
 $ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
@@ -132,9 +267,8 @@ skopeo  copy --encryption-key jwe:./public.key --encrypt-layer 1 oci:local_nginx
 ```
 
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5), containers-signature(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

docs/skopeo-delete.1.md

@@ -1,44 +1,92 @@
 % skopeo-delete(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-delete - Mark _image-name_ for deletion.
+skopeo\-delete - Mark the _image-name_ for later deletion by the registry's garbage collector.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo delete** _image-name_
+**skopeo delete** [*options*] _image-name_
 
-Mark _image-name_ for deletion.  To release the allocated disk space, you must login to the container registry server and execute the container registry garbage collector. E.g.,
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Mark _image-name_ for deletion.
+The effect of this is registry-specific; many registries don’t support this operation, or don’t allow it in some circumstances / configurations.
+
+**WARNING**: If _image-name_ contains a digest, this affects the referenced manifest, and may delete all tags (within the current repository?) pointing to that manifest.
+
+**WARNING**: If _image-name_ contains a tag (but not a digest), in the current version of Skopeo this resolves the tag into a digest, and then deletes the manifest by digest, as described above (possibly deleting all tags pointing to that manifest, not just the provided tag). This behavior may change in the future.
+
+
+When using the github.com/distribution/distribution registry server:
+To release the allocated disk space, you must login to the container registry server and execute the container registry garbage collector. E.g.,
 
 ```
 /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
-
+```
 Note: sometimes the config.yml is stored in /etc/docker/registry/config.yml
 
 If you are running the container registry inside of a container you would execute something like:
-
-$ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
-
 ```
+$ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+```
+
+## OPTIONS
 
 **--authfile** _path_
 
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
-  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
+If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
-**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+**--creds** _username[:password]_
 
-**--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
+Credentials for accessing the registry.
 
-**--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+**--cert-dir** _path_
 
-**--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry.
+
+**--daemon-host** _host_
+
+Use docker daemon host at _host_ (`docker-daemon:` transport only)
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
+**--no-creds**
+
+Access the registry anonymously.
 
 Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
 
+**--registry-token** _token_
+
+Bearer token for accessing the registry.
+
+**--retry-times**
+
+The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+
+**--shared-blob-dir** _directory_
+
+Directory to use to share blobs across OCI repositories.
+
+**--tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon. Default to registry.conf setting.
+
+**--username**
+
+The username to access the registry.
+
+**--password**
+
+The password to access the registry.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
 ```sh
-$ skopeo delete --force docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
+$ skopeo delete docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
 ```
 See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
 
@@ -49,4 +97,3 @@ skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md

@@ -1,37 +1,88 @@
 % skopeo-inspect(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-inspect - Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+skopeo\-inspect - Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo inspect** [**--raw**] [**--config**] _image-name_
+**skopeo inspect** [*options*] _image-name_
 
-Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+## DESCRIPTION
 
-  **--raw** output raw manifest, default is to format in JSON
+Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry.
+See [skopeo(1)](skopeo.1.md) for the format of _image-name_.
 
-  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve information about
+The default output includes data from various sources: user input (**Name**), the remote repository, if any (**RepoTags**), the top-level manifest (**Digest**),
+and a per-architecture/OS image matching the current run-time environment (most other values).
+To see values for a different architecture/OS, use the **--override-os** / **--override-arch** options documented in [skopeo(1)](skopeo.1.md).
 
-  **--config** output configuration in OCI format, default is to format in JSON
+## OPTIONS
 
-  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+**--authfile** _path_
 
-  **--config** **--raw** output configuration in raw format
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
+If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
-  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+**--cert-dir** _path_
 
-  **--authfile** _path_
+Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry.
 
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
-  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+**--config**
 
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+Output configuration in OCI format, default is to format in JSON format.
 
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry
+**--creds** _username[:password]_
 
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+Username and password for accessing the registry.
 
-  **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+**--daemon-host** _host_
+
+Use docker daemon host at _host_ (`docker-daemon:` transport only)
+
+**--format**, **-f**=*format*
+
+Format the output using the given Go template.
+The keys of the returned JSON can be used as the values for the --format flag (see examples below).
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
+**--no-creds**
+
+Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--raw**
+
+Output raw manifest or config data depending on --config option.
+The --format option is not supported with --raw option.
+
+**--registry-token** _Bearer token_
+
+Registry token for accessing the registry.
+
+**--retry-times**
+
+The number of times to retry; retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+
+**--shared-blob-dir** _directory_
+
+Directory to use to share blobs across OCI repositories.
+
+**--tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon. Default to registry.conf setting.
+
+**--username**
+
+The username to access the registry.
+
+**--password**
+
+The password to access the registry.
+
+**--no-tags**, **-n**
+
+Do not list the available tags from the repository in the output. When `true`, the `RepoTags` array will be empty.  Defaults to `false`, which includes all available tags.
 
 ## EXAMPLES
 
@@ -42,14 +93,14 @@ $ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
     "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
     "Digest": "sha256:a97914edb6ba15deb5c5acf87bd6bd5b6b0408c96f48a5cbd450b5b04509bb7d",
     "RepoTags": [
-        "20",
-        "21",
-        "22",
-        "23",
-        "24",
-        "heisenbug",
-        "latest",
-        "rawhide"
+	"20",
+	"21",
+	"22",
+	"23",
+	"24",
+	"heisenbug",
+	"latest",
+	"rawhide"
     ],
     "Created": "2016-06-20T19:33:43.220526898Z",
     "DockerVersion": "1.10.3",
@@ -57,15 +108,60 @@ $ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
     "Architecture": "amd64",
     "Os": "linux",
     "Layers": [
-        "sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
+	"sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
     ]
 }
 ```
 
+To inspect python from the docker.io registry and not show the available tags:
+```sh
+$ skopeo inspect --no-tags docker://docker.io/library/python
+{
+    "Name": "docker.io/library/python",
+    "Digest": "sha256:5ca194a80ddff913ea49c8154f38da66a41d2b73028c5cf7e46bc3c1d6fda572",
+    "RepoTags": [],
+    "Created": "2021-10-05T23:40:54.936108045Z",
+    "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
+    "Labels": null,
+    "Architecture": "amd64",
+    "Os": "linux",
+    "Layers": [
+        "sha256:df5590a8898bedd76f02205dc8caa5cc9863267dbcd8aac038bcd212688c1cc7",
+        "sha256:705bb4cb554eb7751fd21a994f6f32aee582fbe5ea43037db6c43d321763992b",
+        "sha256:519df5fceacdeaadeec563397b1d9f4d7c29c9f6eff879739cab6f0c144f49e1",
+        "sha256:ccc287cbeddc96a0772397ca00ec85482a7b7f9a9fac643bfddd87b932f743db",
+        "sha256:e3f8e6af58ed3a502f0c3c15dce636d9d362a742eb5b67770d0cfcb72f3a9884",
+        "sha256:aebed27b2d86a5a3a2cbe186247911047a7e432b9d17daad8f226597c0ea4276",
+        "sha256:54c32182bdcc3041bf64077428467109a70115888d03f7757dcf614ff6d95ebe",
+        "sha256:cc8b7caedab13af07adf4836e13af2d4e9e54d794129b0fd4c83ece6b1112e86",
+        "sha256:462c3718af1d5cdc050cfba102d06c26f78fe3b738ce2ca2eb248034b1738945"
+    ],
+    "Env": [
+        "PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
+        "LANG=C.UTF-8",
+        "GPG_KEY=A035C8C19219BA821ECEA86B64E628F8D684696D",
+        "PYTHON_VERSION=3.10.0",
+        "PYTHON_PIP_VERSION=21.2.4",
+        "PYTHON_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION=57.5.0",
+        "PYTHON_GET_PIP_URL=https://github.com/pypa/get-pip/raw/d781367b97acf0ece7e9e304bf281e99b618bf10/public/get-pip.py",
+        "PYTHON_GET_PIP_SHA256=01249aa3e58ffb3e1686b7141b4e9aac4d398ef4ac3012ed9dff8dd9f685ffe0"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+```
+$ /bin/skopeo inspect --config docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora --format "{{ .Architecture }}"
+amd64
+```
+
+```
+$ /bin/skopeo inspect --format '{{ .Env }}' docker://registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8
+[PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin container=oci]
+```
+
 # SEE ALSO
 skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

docs/skopeo-list-tags.1.md

@@ -1,49 +1,79 @@
 % skopeo-list-tags(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-list\-tags - Return a list of tags the transport-specific image repository
+skopeo\-list\-tags - List image names in a transport-specific collection of images.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo list-tags** _repository-name_
+**skopeo list-tags** [*options*] _source-image_
 
-Return a list of tags from _repository-name_ in a registry.
+Return a list of tags from _source-image_ in a registry or a local docker-archive file.
 
-  _repository-name_ name of repository to retrieve tag listing from
+  _source-image_ name of the repository to retrieve a tag listing from or a local docker-archive file.
 
-  **--authfile** _path_
+## OPTIONS
 
-  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
   If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
 
-  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry.
 
-  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry
+**--cert-dir** _path_
 
-  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry.
 
-  **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
+**--no-creds**
+
+Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--registry-token** _Bearer token_
+
+Bearer token for accessing the registry.
+
+**--retry-times**
+
+The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+
+**--tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon. Default to registry.conf setting.
+
+**--username**
+
+The username to access the registry.
+
+**--password**
+
+The password to access the registry.
 
 ## REPOSITORY NAMES
 
-Repository names are transport-specific references as each transport may have its own concept of a "repository" and "tags". Currently, only the Docker transport is supported.
+Repository names are transport-specific references as each transport may have its own concept of a "repository" and "tags".
 
 This commands refers to repositories using a _transport_`:`_details_ format. The following formats are supported:
 
   **docker://**_docker-repository-reference_
   A repository in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(skopeo login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
   A _docker-repository-reference_ is of the form: **registryhost:port/repositoryname** which is similar to an _image-reference_ but with no tag or digest allowed as the last component (e.g no `:latest` or `@sha256:xyz`)
-      
+
       Examples of valid docker-repository-references:
         "docker.io/myuser/myrepo"
         "docker.io/nginx"
         "docker.io/library/fedora"
         "localhost:5000/myrepository"
-        
+
       Examples of invalid references:
         "docker.io/nginx:latest"
         "docker.io/myuser/myimage:v1.0"
         "docker.io/myuser/myimage@sha256:f48c4cc192f4c3c6a069cb5cca6d0a9e34d6076ba7c214fd0cc3ca60e0af76bb"
-       
+
+  **docker-archive:path[:docker-reference]
+  more than one images were stored in a docker save-formatted file. 
 
 ## EXAMPLES
 
@@ -93,10 +123,49 @@ $ skopeo list-tags docker://localhost:5000/fedora
 
 ```
 
+### Docker-archive Transport
+
+To list the tags in a local docker-archive file:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo list-tags docker-archive:/tmp/busybox.tar.gz
+{
+    "Tags": [
+        "busybox:1.28.3"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+Also supports more than one tags in an archive:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo list-tags docker-archive:/tmp/docker-two-images.tar.gz
+{
+    "Tags": [
+        "example.com/empty:latest",
+        "example.com/empty/but:different"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+Will include a source-index entry for each untagged image:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo list-tags docker-archive:/tmp/four-tags-with-an-untag.tar
+{
+    "Tags": [
+        "image1:tag1",
+        "image2:tag2",
+        "@2",
+        "image4:tag4"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+
 # SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5)
+skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-transports(1)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Zach Hill <zach@anchore.com>
-

docs/skopeo-login.1.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 % skopeo-login(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-login - Login to a container registry
+skopeo\-login - Login to a container registry.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skoepo login** [*options*] *registry*
+**skopeo login** [*options*] _registry_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 **skopeo login** logs into a specified registry server with the correct username
@@ -43,16 +43,18 @@ Return the logged-in user for the registry. Return error if no login is found.
 Use certificates at *path* (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry.
 Default certificates directory is _/etc/containers/certs.d_.
 
-**--tls-verify**=*true|false*
-
-Require HTTPS and verify certificates when contacting registries (default: true). If explicitly set to true,
-then TLS verification will be used. If set to false, then TLS verification will not be used. If not specified,
-TLS verification will be used unless the target registry is listed as an insecure registry in registries.conf.
-
 **--help**, **-h**
 
 Print usage statement
 
+**--tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon. Default to registry.conf setting.
+
+**--verbose**, **-v**
+
+Write more detailed information to stdout
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 ```

docs/skopeo-logout.1.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 % skopeo-logout(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-logout - Logout of a container registry
+skopeo\-logout - Logout of a container registry.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo logout** [*options*] *registry*
+**skopeo logout** [*options*] _registry_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 **skopeo logout** logs out of a specified registry server by deleting the cached credentials
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ Remove the cached credentials for all registries in the auth file
 
 Print usage statement
 
+**--tls-verify**=_bool_
+
+Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon. Default to registry.conf setting.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 ```

docs/skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 % skopeo-manifest-digest(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-manifest\-digest -Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.
+skopeo\-manifest\-digest - Compute a manifest digest for a manifest-file and write it to standard output.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 **skopeo manifest-digest** _manifest-file_
@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ skopeo\-manifest\-digest -Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write i
 
 Compute a manifest digest of _manifest-file_ and write it to standard output.
 
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 ```sh
@@ -23,4 +29,3 @@ skopeo(1)
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 % skopeo-standalone-sign(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-standalone-sign - Simple Sign an image
+skopeo\-standalone-sign - Debugging tool - Publish and sign an image in one step.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo standalone-sign** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
+**skopeo standalone-sign** [*options*] _manifest_ _docker-reference_ _key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
-This is primarily a debugging tool, or useful for special cases,
-and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
+This is primarily a debugging tool, useful for special cases, and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
 
   _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
 
@@ -16,7 +15,19 @@ and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skope
 
   _key-fingerprint_ Key identity to use for signing
 
-  **--output**|**-o** output file
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
+**--output**, **-o** _output file_
+
+Write signature to _output file_.
+
+**--passphrase-file**=_path_
+
+The passphare to use when signing with the key ID from `--sign-by`. Only the first line will be read. A passphrase stored in a file is of questionable security if other users can read this file. Do not use this option if at all avoidable.
 
 ## EXAMPLES
 
@@ -25,10 +36,13 @@ $ skopeo standalone-sign busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busy
 $
 ```
 
+## NOTES
+
+This command is intended for use with local signatures e.g. OpenPGP ( other signature formats may be added in the future ), as per containers-signature(5). Furthermore, this command does **not** interact with the artifacts generated by Docker Content Trust (DCT). For more information, please see [containers-signature(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/main/docs/containers-signature.5.md).
+
 ## SEE ALSO
 skopeo(1), skopeo-copy(1), containers-signature(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 % skopeo-standalone-verify(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Verify an image signature
+skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Verify an image signature.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature_
+**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest_ _docker-reference_ _key-fingerprint_ _signature_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
-Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
+Verify a signature using local files; the digest will be printed on success. This is primarily a debugging tool, useful for special cases,
+and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow. Additionally, consider configuring a signature verification policy file,
+as per containers-policy.json(5).
 
   _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
 
@@ -20,6 +22,12 @@ Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
 
 **Note:** If you do use this, make sure that the image can not be changed at the source location between the times of its verification and use.
 
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 ```sh
@@ -27,10 +35,13 @@ $ skopeo standalone-verify busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/bu
 Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55
 ```
 
+## NOTES
+
+This command is intended for use with local signatures e.g. OpenPGP ( other signature formats may be added in the future ), as per containers-signature(5). Furthermore, this command does **not** interact with the artifacts generated by Docker Content Trust (DCT). For more information, please see [containers-signature(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/main/docs/containers-signature.5.md).
+
 ## SEE ALSO
-skopeo(1), containers-signature(5)
+skopeo(1), containers-signature(5), containers-policy.json(5)
 
 ## AUTHORS
 
 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
-

docs/skopeo-sync.1.md

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 % skopeo-sync(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-sync - Synchronize images between container registries and local directories.
+skopeo\-sync - Synchronize images between registry repositories and local directories.
 
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
-**skopeo sync** --src _transport_ --dest _transport_ _source_ _destination_
+**skopeo sync** [*options*] --src _transport_ --dest _transport_ _source_ _destination_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
-Synchronize images between container registries and local directories.
+Synchronize images between registry repoositories and local directories.
 The synchronization is achieved by copying all the images found at _source_ to _destination_.
 
 Useful to synchronize a local container registry mirror, and to to populate registries running inside of air-gapped environments.
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ When the `--scoped` option is specified, images are prefixed with the source ima
 name can be stored at _destination_.
 
 ## OPTIONS
+**--all**, **-a**
+If one of the images in __src__ refers to a list of images, instead of copying just the image which matches the current OS and
+architecture (subject to the use of the global --override-os, --override-arch and --override-variant options), attempt to copy all of
+the images in the list, and the list itself.
+
 **--authfile** _path_
 
 Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
@@ -45,15 +50,37 @@ Path of the authentication file for the source registry. Uses path given by `--a
 
 Path of the authentication file for the destination registry. Uses path given by `--authfile`, if not provided.
 
-**--src** _transport_ Transport for the source repository.
+**--dry-run**
 
-**--dest** _transport_ Destination transport.
+Run the sync without actually copying data to the destination.
+
+**--src**, **-s** _transport_ Transport for the source repository.
+
+**--dest**, **-d** _transport_ Destination transport.
+
+**--format**, **-f** _manifest-type_ Manifest Type (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when syncing image(s) to a destination (default is manifest type of source, with fallbacks).
+
+**--help**, **-h**
+
+Print usage statement.
 
 **--scoped** Prefix images with the source image path, so that multiple images with the same name can be stored at _destination_.
 
+**--preserve-digests** Preserve the digests during copying. Fail if the digest cannot be preserved. Consider using `--all` at the same time.
+
 **--remove-signatures** Do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. This is necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
 
-**--sign-by=**_key-id_ Add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_.
+**--sign-by** _key-id_
+
+Add a “simple signing” signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--sign-by-sigstore-private-key** _path_
+
+Add a sigstore signature using a private key at _path_ for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--sign-passphrase-file** _path_
+
+The passphare to use when signing with `--sign-by` or `--sign-by-sigstore-private-key`. Only the first line will be read. A passphrase stored in a file is of questionable security if other users can read this file. Do not use this option if at all avoidable.
 
 **--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry.
 
@@ -61,15 +88,40 @@ Path of the authentication file for the destination registry. Uses path given by
 
 **--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) at _path_ to connect to the source registry or daemon.
 
-**--src-no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+**--src-no-creds** Access the registry anonymously.
 
-**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to a container source registry or daemon (defaults to true).
+**--src-tls-verify**=_bool_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to a container source registry or daemon. Default to source registry entry in registry.conf setting.
 
 **--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) at _path_ to connect to the destination registry or daemon.
 
-**--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_  Access the registry anonymously.
+**--dest-no-creds** Access the registry anonymously.
 
-**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to a container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true).
+**--dest-tls-verify**=_bool_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to a container destination registry or daemon. Default to destination registry entry in registry.conf setting.
+
+**--src-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the source registry.
+
+**--dest-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the destination registry.
+
+**--retry-times**  the number of times to retry, retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+
+**--keep-going**
+If any errors occur during copying of images, those errors are logged and the process continues syncing rest of the images and finally fails at the end.
+
+**--src-username**
+
+The username to access the source registry.
+
+**--src-password**
+
+The password to access the source registry.
+
+**--dest-username**
+
+The username to access the destination registry.
+
+**--dest-password**
+
+The password to access the destination registry.
 
 ## EXAMPLES
 
@@ -143,6 +195,7 @@ registry.example.com:
         redis:
             - "1.0"
             - "2.0"
+            - "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111"
     images-by-tag-regex:
         nginx: ^1\.13\.[12]-alpine-perl$
     credentials:
@@ -162,14 +215,14 @@ skopeo sync --src yaml --dest docker sync.yml my-registry.local.lan/repo/
 ```
 This will copy the following images:
 - Repository `registry.example.com/busybox`: all images, as no tags are specified.
-- Repository `registry.example.com/redis`: images tagged "1.0" and "2.0".
+- Repository `registry.example.com/redis`: images tagged "1.0" and "2.0" along with image with digest "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111".
 - Repository `registry.example.com/nginx`: images tagged "1.13.1-alpine-perl" and "1.13.2-alpine-perl".
 - Repository `quay.io/coreos/etcd`: images tagged "latest".
 
 For the registry `registry.example.com`, the "john"/"this is a secret" credentials are used, with server TLS certificates located at `/home/john/certs`.
 
 TLS verification is normally enabled, and it can be disabled setting `tls-verify` to `false`.
-In the above example, TLS verification is enabled for `reigstry.example.com`, while is
+In the above example, TLS verification is enabled for `registry.example.com`, while is
 disabled for `quay.io`.
 
 ## SEE ALSO

docs/skopeo.1.md

@@ -44,44 +44,71 @@ Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format.
   **oci:**_path_**:**_tag_
   An image _tag_ in a directory compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
 
+  **oci-archive:**_path_**:**_tag_
+  An image _tag_ in a tar archive compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
+
+See [containers-transports(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-transports.5.md) for details.
+
 ## OPTIONS
 
-  **--command-timeout** _duration_ Timeout for the command execution.
+**--command-timeout** _duration_
 
-  **--debug** enable debug output
+Timeout for the command execution.
 
-  **--help**|**-h** Show help
+**--debug**
 
-  **--insecure-policy** Adopt an insecure, permissive policy that allows anything. This obviates the need for a policy file.
+enable debug output
 
-  **--override-arch** _arch_ Use _arch_ instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images.
+**--help**, **-h**
 
-  **--override-os** _OS_ Use _OS_ instead of the running OS for choosing images.
+Show help
 
-  **--override-variant** _VARIANT_ Use _VARIANT_ instead of the running architecture variant for choosing images.
+**--insecure-policy**
 
-  **--policy** _path-to-policy_ Path to a policy.json file to use for verifying signatures and deciding whether an image is trusted, overriding the default trust policy file.
+Adopt an insecure, permissive policy that allows anything. This obviates the need for a policy file.
 
-  **--registries.d** _dir_ use registry configuration files in _dir_ (e.g. for container signature storage), overriding the default path.
+**--override-arch** _arch_
 
-  **--tmpdir** _dir_ used to store temporary files. Defaults to /var/tmp.
+Use _arch_ instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images.
 
-  **--version**|**-v** print the version number
+**--override-os** _os_
+
+Use _OS_ instead of the running OS for choosing images.
+
+**--override-variant** _variant_
+
+Use _variant_ instead of the running architecture variant for choosing images.
+
+**--policy** _path-to-policy_
+
+Path to a policy.json file to use for verifying signatures and deciding whether an image is trusted, overriding the default trust policy file.
+
+**--registries.d** _dir_
+
+Use registry configuration files in _dir_ (e.g. for container signature storage), overriding the default path.
+
+**--tmpdir** _dir_
+
+Directory used to store temporary files. Defaults to /var/tmp.
+
+**--version**, **-v**
+
+Print the version number
 
 ## COMMANDS
 
 | Command                                   | Description                                                                    |
 | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
 | [skopeo-copy(1)](skopeo-copy.1.md)        | Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another. |
-| [skopeo-delete(1)](skopeo-delete.1.md)    | Mark image-name for deletion.                                                  |
-| [skopeo-inspect(1)](skopeo-inspect.1.md)  | Return low-level information about image-name in a registry.                   |
-| [skopeo-list-tags(1)](skopeo-list-tags.1.md)  | List the tags for the given transport/repository.                           |
+| [skopeo-delete(1)](skopeo-delete.1.md)    | Mark the _image-name_ for later deletion by the registry's garbage collector.  |
+| [skopeo-inspect(1)](skopeo-inspect.1.md)  | Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry.                 |
+| [skopeo-list-tags(1)](skopeo-list-tags.1.md)  | List image names in a transport-specific collection of images.|
 | [skopeo-login(1)](skopeo-login.1.md)  | Login to a container registry. |
 | [skopeo-logout(1)](skopeo-logout.1.md)  | Logout of a container registry. |
-| [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.|
-| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Sign an image.                                               |
-| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image.                                             |
-| [skopeo-sync(1)](skopeo-sync.1.md)| Copy images from one or more repositories to a user specified destination.             |
+| [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest for a manifest-file and write it to standard output. |
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Debugging tool - Publish and sign an image in one step.      |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image signature.                                   |
+| [skopeo-sync(1)](skopeo-sync.1.md)| Synchronize images between registry repositories and local directories.                |
 
 ## FILES
   **/etc/containers/policy.json**

docs/skopeo.svg

@@ -1,546 +1,74 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
 <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
-
-<svg
-   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
-   xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
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-       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84441);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
-       d="m 169.0918,226.26889 2.35937,1.36133 4.69336,-8.13086 -2.35937,-1.36133 z"
-       id="rect84429"
-       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
-    <path
-       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84455);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
-       d="m 234.17188,269.53842 2.08203,1.20312 9.63086,-16.67773 -2.08399,-1.20313 z"
-       id="rect84443"
-       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
-    <path
-       style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#f8ead2;stroke-width:0.52916664;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
-       d="m 215.55025,240.82707 22.49734,12.98884"
-       id="path84521"
-       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
   </g>
 </svg>

go.mod

@@ -1,27 +1,100 @@
 module github.com/containers/skopeo
 
-go 1.12
+go 1.17
 
 require (
-	github.com/containers/common v0.14.0
-	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.5.1
-	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v1.0.2
-	github.com/containers/storage v1.20.2
-	github.com/docker/docker v1.4.2-0.20191219165747-a9416c67da9f
-	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127
+	github.com/containers/common v0.50.1
+	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.23.0
+	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v1.1.5
+	github.com/containers/storage v1.43.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2-0.20190823105129-775207bd45b6
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v0.0.0-20170926011501-6d941547fa1d
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/russross/blackfriday v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.6.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.0.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0-rc1
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v1.0.0-rc3
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.5.0
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
-	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2
-	go4.org v0.0.0-20190218023631-ce4c26f7be8e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.3 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0
+	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20220526004731-065cf7ba2467
+	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.9.4 // indirect
+	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containers/libtrust v0.0.0-20200511145503-9c3a6c22cd9a // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.1+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.18+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
+	github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-intervals v0.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/honeycombio/libhoney-go v1.15.8 // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.13 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.11 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6-0.20220930104621-17e8dac29df8 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/letsencrypt/boulder v0.0.0-20220723181115-27de4befb95e // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.13 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.3-0.20210326190908-1c3f411f0417 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.10.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go v0.0.0-20210805093236-719684c64e4f // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/proglottis/gpgme v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/russross/blackfriday v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/sigstore v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20201008174630-78d3cae3a980 // indirect
+	github.com/sylabs/sif/v2 v2.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.3.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf v0.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/titanous/rocacheck v0.0.0-20171023193734-afe73141d399 // indirect
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.10 // indirect
+	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.11.2 // indirect
+	github.com/vbauerster/mpb/v7 v7.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6 // indirect
+	go.mozilla.org/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20210826202110-33d05740a352 // indirect
+	go.opencensus.io v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220919173607-35f4265a4bc0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220909164309-bea034e7d591 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220919091848-fb04ddd9f9c8 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220720214146-176da50484ac // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.48.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )

hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
 #include <btrfs/ioctl.h>
 EOF

hack/btrfs_tag.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
 #include <btrfs/version.h>
 EOF

hack/get_ci_vm.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+#
+# For help and usage information, simply execute the script w/o any arguments.
+#
+# This script is intended to be run by Red Hat skopeo developers who need
+# to debug problems specifically related to Cirrus-CI automated testing.
+# It requires that you have been granted prior access to create VMs in
+# google-cloud.  For non-Red Hat contributors, VMs are available as-needed,
+# with supervision upon request.
+
+set -e
+
+SCRIPT_FILEPATH=$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
+SCRIPT_DIRPATH=$(dirname "$SCRIPT_FILEPATH")
+REPO_DIRPATH=$(realpath "$SCRIPT_DIRPATH/../")
+
+# Help detect if we were called by get_ci_vm container
+GET_CI_VM="${GET_CI_VM:-0}"
+in_get_ci_vm() {
+    if ((GET_CI_VM==0)); then
+        echo "Error: $1 is not intended for use in this context"
+        exit 2
+    fi
+}
+
+# get_ci_vm APIv1 container entrypoint calls into this script
+# to obtain required repo. specific configuration options.
+if [[ "$1" == "--config" ]]; then
+    in_get_ci_vm "$1"
+    cat <<EOF
+DESTDIR="/var/tmp/go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo"
+UPSTREAM_REPO="https://github.com/containers/skopeo.git"
+GCLOUD_PROJECT="skopeo"
+GCLOUD_IMGPROJECT="libpod-218412"
+GCLOUD_CFG="skopeo"
+GCLOUD_ZONE="${GCLOUD_ZONE:-us-central1-f}"
+GCLOUD_CPUS="2"
+GCLOUD_MEMORY="4Gb"
+GCLOUD_DISK="200"
+EOF
+elif [[ "$1" == "--setup" ]]; then
+    in_get_ci_vm "$1"
+    # get_ci_vm container entrypoint calls us with this option on the
+    # Cirrus-CI environment instance, to perform repo.-specific setup.
+    echo "+ Executing setup" > /dev/stderr
+    ${GOSRC}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh setup
+else
+    # Create and access VM for specified Cirrus-CI task
+    mkdir -p $HOME/.config/gcloud/ssh
+    podman run -it --rm \
+        --tz=local \
+        -e NAME="$USER" \
+        -e SRCDIR=/src \
+        -e GCLOUD_ZONE="$GCLOUD_ZONE" \
+        -e DEBUG="${DEBUG:-0}" \
+        -v $REPO_DIRPATH:/src:O \
+        -v $HOME/.config/gcloud:/root/.config/gcloud:z \
+        -v $HOME/.config/gcloud/ssh:/root/.ssh:z \
+        quay.io/libpod/get_ci_vm:latest "$@"
+fi

hack/get_fqin.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# This script is intended to be called from the Makefile.  It's purpose
+# is to automation correspondence between the environment used for local
+# development and CI.
+
+set -e
+
+SCRIPT_FILEPATH=$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
+SCRIPT_DIRPATH=$(dirname "$SCRIPT_FILEPATH")
+REPO_DIRPATH=$(realpath "$SCRIPT_DIRPATH/../")
+
+# When running under CI, we already have the necessary information,
+# simply provide it to the Makefile.
+if [[ -n "$SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN" ]]; then
+    echo "$SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ -n $(command -v podman) ]]; then CONTAINER_RUNTIME=podman; fi
+CONTAINER_RUNTIME=${CONTAINER_RUNTIME:-docker}
+
+# Borrow the get_ci_vm container image since it's small, and
+# by necessity contains a script that can accurately interpret
+# env. var. values from any .cirrus.yml runtime context.
+$CONTAINER_RUNTIME run --rm \
+    --security-opt label=disable \
+    -v $REPO_DIRPATH:/src:ro \
+    --entrypoint=/usr/share/automation/bin/cirrus-ci_env.py \
+    quay.io/libpod/get_ci_vm:latest \
+    --envs="Skopeo Test" /src/.cirrus.yml | \
+    egrep -m1 '^SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN' | \
+    awk -F "=" -e '{print $2}' | \
+    tr -d \'\"

hack/libdm_tag.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 tmpdir="$PWD/tmp.$RANDOM"
 mkdir -p "$tmpdir"
 trap 'rm -fr "$tmpdir"' EXIT

hack/libsubid_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+if test $(${GO:-go} env GOOS) != "linux" ; then
+	exit 0
+fi
+tmpdir="$PWD/tmp.$RANDOM"
+mkdir -p "$tmpdir"
+trap 'rm -fr "$tmpdir"' EXIT
+cc -o "$tmpdir"/libsubid_tag -l subid -x c - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+#include <shadow/subid.h>
+int main() {
+	struct subid_range *ranges = NULL;
+	get_subuid_ranges("root", &ranges);
+	free(ranges);
+	return 0;
+}
+EOF
+if test $? -eq 0 ; then
+	echo libsubid
+fi

hack/make.sh

@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@
 set -e
 
 # This script builds various binary from a checkout of the skopeo
-# source code.
+# source code. DO NOT CALL THIS SCRIPT DIRECTLY.
 #
 # Requirements:
 # - The current directory should be a checkout of the skopeo source code
 #   (https://github.com/containers/skopeo). Whatever version is checked out
 #   will be built.
-# - The script is intended to be run inside the docker container specified
-#   in the Dockerfile at the root of the source. In other words:
-#   DO NOT CALL THIS SCRIPT DIRECTLY.
+# - The script is intended to be run inside the container specified
+#   in the output of hack/get_fqin.sh
 # - The right way to call this script is to invoke "make" from
 #   your checkout of the skopeo repository.
 #   the Makefile will do a "docker build -t skopeo ." and then
@@ -23,22 +22,19 @@ export SKOPEO_PKG='github.com/containers/skopeo'
 export SCRIPTDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
 export MAKEDIR="$SCRIPTDIR/make"
 
-# We're a nice, sexy, little shell script, and people might try to run us;
-# but really, they shouldn't. We want to be in a container!
-inContainer="AssumeSoInitially"
-if [ "$PWD" != "/go/src/$SKOPEO_PKG" ]; then
-	unset inContainer
-fi
+# Set this to 1 to enable installation/modification of environment/services
+export SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=${SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS:-0}
 
-if [ -z "$inContainer" ]; then
-	{
-		echo "# WARNING! I don't seem to be running in a Docker container."
-		echo "# The result of this command might be an incorrect build, and will not be"
-		echo "# officially supported."
-		echo "#"
-		echo "# Try this instead: make all"
-		echo "#"
-	} >&2
+if [[ "$SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS" == "0" ]] && [[ "$CI" != "true" ]]; then
+    (
+    echo "***************************************************************"
+    echo "WARNING: Executing tests directly on the local development"
+    echo "         host is highly discouraged.  Many important items"
+    echo "         will be skipped.  For manual execution, please utilize"
+    echo "         the Makefile targets WITHOUT the '-local' suffix."
+    echo "***************************************************************"
+    ) > /dev/stderr
+    sleep 5
 fi
 
 echo
@@ -57,8 +53,6 @@ DEFAULT_BUNDLES=(
 	test-integration
 )
 
-TESTFLAGS+=" -test.timeout=15m"
-
 # Go module support: set `-mod=vendor` to use the vendored sources
 # See also the top-level Makefile.
 mod_vendor=
@@ -67,16 +61,6 @@ if go help mod >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   mod_vendor='-mod=vendor'
 fi
 
-# If $TESTFLAGS is set in the environment, it is passed as extra arguments to 'go test'.
-# You can use this to select certain tests to run, eg.
-#
-#     TESTFLAGS='-test.run ^TestBuild$' ./hack/make.sh test-unit
-#
-# For integration-cli test, we use [gocheck](https://labix.org/gocheck), if you want
-# to run certain tests on your local host, you should run with command:
-#
-#     TESTFLAGS='-check.f DockerSuite.TestBuild*' ./hack/make.sh binary test-integration-cli
-#
 go_test_dir() {
 	dir=$1
 	(

hack/make/.validate

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ -z "$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM" ]; then
 	# are running more than one validate bundlescript
 	
 	VALIDATE_REPO='https://github.com/containers/skopeo.git'
-	VALIDATE_BRANCH='master'
+	VALIDATE_BRANCH='main'
 	
 	if [ "$TRAVIS" = 'true' -a "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" != 'false' ]; then
 		VALIDATE_REPO="https://github.com/${TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG}.git"

hack/make/test-integration

@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@
 set -e
 
 bundle_test_integration() {
-	TESTFLAGS="$TESTFLAGS -check.v"
 	go_test_dir ./integration
 }
 
 # subshell so that we can export PATH without breaking other things
 (
-	make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
-	make install
+	make PREFIX=/usr install
 	bundle_test_integration
 ) 2>&1

hack/make/test-system

@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 
-# Before running podman for the first time, make sure
-# to set storage to vfs (not overlay): podman-in-podman
-# doesn't work with overlay. And, disable mountopt,
-# which causes error with vfs.
-sed -i \
-    -e 's/^driver\s*=.*/driver = "vfs"/' \
-    -e 's/^mountopt/#mountopt/' \
-    /etc/containers/storage.conf
+# These tests can run in/outside of a container.  However,
+# not all storage drivers are supported in a container
+# environment.  Detect this and setup storage when
+# running in a container.
+if ((SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS)) && [[ -r /etc/containers/storage.conf ]]; then
+    sed -i \
+        -e 's/^driver\s*=.*/driver = "vfs"/' \
+        -e 's/^mountopt/#mountopt/' \
+        /etc/containers/storage.conf
+elif ((SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS)); then
+    cat >> /etc/containers/storage.conf << EOF
+[storage]
+driver = "vfs"
+EOF
+fi
 
 # Build skopeo, install into /usr/bin
-make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
-make install
+make PREFIX=/usr install
 
 # Run tests
 SKOPEO_BINARY=/usr/bin/skopeo bats --tap systemtest

hack/make/validate-vet

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-errors=$(go vet $mod_vendor $(go list $mod_vendor -e ./...))
+errors=$(go vet -tags="${BUILDTAGS}" $mod_vendor $(go list $mod_vendor -e ./...))
 
 if [ -z "$errors" ]; then
 	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files have been vetted.'

hack/man-page-checker

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# man-page-checker - validate and cross-reference man page names
+#
+# This is the script that cross-checks BETWEEN MAN PAGES. It is not the
+# script that cross-checks that each option in skopeo foo --help is listed
+# in skopeo-foo.1.md and vice-versa; that one is xref-helpmsgs-manpages.
+#
+
+verbose=
+for i; do
+    case "$i" in
+        -v|--verbose)   verbose=verbose ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+
+die() {
+    echo "$(basename $0): $*" >&2
+    exit 1
+}
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/../docs || die "Please run me from top-level skopeo dir"
+
+rc=0
+
+# Pass 1: cross-check file names with NAME section
+#
+# for a given skopeo-foo.1.md, the NAME should be 'skopeo-foo'
+for md in *.1.md;do
+    # Read the first line after '## NAME'
+    name=$(egrep -A1 '^## NAME' $md|tail -1|awk '{print $1}' | tr -d \\\\)
+
+    expect=$(basename $md .1.md)
+    if [ "$name" != "$expect" ]; then
+        echo
+        printf "Inconsistent program NAME in %s:\n" $md
+        printf "  NAME= %s  (expected: %s)\n" $name $expect
+        rc=1
+    fi
+done
+
+# Pass 2: compare descriptions.
+#
+# Make sure the descriptive text in skopeo-foo.1.md matches the one
+# in the table in skopeo.1.md.
+for md in $(ls -1 *-*.1.md);do
+    desc=$(egrep -A1 '^## NAME' $md|tail -1|sed -E -e 's/^skopeo[^[:space:]]+ - //')
+
+    # Find the descriptive text in the main skopeo man page.
+    parent=skopeo.1.md
+    parent_desc=$(grep $md $parent | awk -F'|' '{print $3}' | sed -E -e 's/^[[:space:]]+//' -e 's/[[:space:]]+$//')
+
+    if [ "$desc" != "$parent_desc" ]; then
+        echo
+        printf "Inconsistent subcommand descriptions:\n"
+        printf "  %-32s = '%s'\n" $md "$desc"
+        printf "  %-32s = '%s'\n" $parent "$parent_desc"
+        printf "Please ensure that the NAME section of $md\n"
+        printf "matches the subcommand description in $parent\n"
+        rc=1
+    fi
+done
+
+# Helper function: compares man page synopsis vs --help usage message
+function compare_usage() {
+    local cmd="$1"
+    local from_man="$2"
+
+    # Run 'cmd --help', grab the line immediately after 'Usage:'
+    local help_output=$(../bin/$cmd --help)
+    local from_help=$(echo "$help_output" | grep -A1 '^Usage:' | tail -1)
+
+    # strip off command name from both
+    from_man=$(sed -E -e "s/\*\*$cmd\*\*[[:space:]]*//" <<<"$from_man")
+    from_help=$(sed -E -e "s/^[[:space:]]*$cmd[[:space:]]*//" <<<"$from_help")
+
+    # man page lists 'foo [*options*]', help msg shows 'foo [command options]'.
+    # Make sure if one has it, the other does too.
+    if expr "$from_man" : "\[\*options\*\]" >/dev/null; then
+        if expr "$from_help" : "\[command options\]" >/dev/null; then
+            :
+        else
+            echo "WARNING: $cmd: man page shows '[*options*]', help does not show [command options]"
+            rc=1
+       fi
+    elif expr "$from_help" : "\[command options\]" >/dev/null; then
+        echo "WARNING: $cmd: --help shows [command options], man page does not show [*options*]"
+        rc=1
+    fi
+
+    # Strip off options and flags; start comparing arguments
+    from_man=$(sed  -E -e 's/^\[\*options\*\][[:space:]]*//' <<<"$from_man")
+    from_help=$(sed -E -e 's/^\[command options\][[:space:]]*//'      <<<"$from_help")
+
+    # Constant strings in man page are '**foo**', in --help are 'foo'.
+    from_man=$(sed -E -e 's/\*\*([^*]+)\*\*/\1/g' <<<"$from_man")
+
+    # Args in man page are '_foo_', in --help are 'FOO'. Convert all to
+    # UPCASE simply because it stands out better to the eye.
+    from_man=$(sed -E -e 's/_([a-z-]+)_/\U\1/g' <<<"$from_man")
+
+    # Compare man-page and --help usage strings. Skip 'skopeo' itself,
+    # because the man page includes '[global options]' which we don't grok.
+    if [[ "$from_man" != "$from_help" && "$cmd" != "skopeo" ]]; then
+        printf "%-25s man='%s' help='%s'\n" "$cmd:" "$from_man" "$from_help"
+        rc=1
+    fi
+}
+
+# Pass 3: compare synopses.
+#
+# Make sure the SYNOPSIS line in skopeo-foo.1.md reads '**skopeo foo** ...'
+for md in *.1.md;do
+    synopsis=$(egrep -A1 '^#* SYNOPSIS' $md|tail -1)
+
+    # Command name must be bracketed by double asterisks; options and
+    # arguments are bracketed by single ones.
+    #   E.g. '**skopeo copy** [*options*] _..._'
+    # Get the command name, and confirm that it matches the md file name.
+    cmd=$(echo "$synopsis" | sed -E -e 's/^\*\*([^*]+)\*\*.*/\1/' | tr -d \*)
+    # Use sed, not tr, so we only replace the first dash: we want
+    # skopeo-list-tags -> "skopeo list-tags", not "skopeo list tags"
+    md_nodash=$(basename "$md" .1.md | sed -e 's/-/ /')
+    if [ "$cmd" != "$md_nodash" ]; then
+        echo
+        printf "Inconsistent program name in SYNOPSIS in %s:\n" $md
+        printf "  SYNOPSIS = %s (expected: '%s')\n" "$cmd" "$md_nodash"
+        rc=1
+    fi
+
+    # The convention is to use UPPER CASE in 'skopeo foo --help',
+    # but *lower case bracketed by asterisks* in the man page
+    if expr "$synopsis" : ".*[A-Z]" >/dev/null; then
+        echo
+        printf "Inconsistent capitalization in SYNOPSIS in %s\n" $md
+        printf "  '%s' should not contain upper-case characters\n" "$synopsis"
+        rc=1
+    fi
+
+    # (for debugging, and getting a sense of standard conventions)
+    #printf "  %-32s ------ '%s'\n" $md "$synopsis"
+
+    # If bin/skopeo is available, run "cmd --help" and compare Usage
+    # messages. This is complicated, so do it in a helper function.
+    compare_usage "$md_nodash" "$synopsis"
+done
+
+
+exit $rc

hack/travis_osx.sh

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -e
-
-export GOPATH=$(pwd)/_gopath
-export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
-
-_containers="${GOPATH}/src/github.com/containers"
-mkdir -vp ${_containers}
-ln -vsf $(pwd) ${_containers}/skopeo
-
-go version
-GO111MODULE=off go get -u github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man golang.org/x/lint/golint
-
-cd ${_containers}/skopeo
-make validate-local test-unit-local binary-local
-sudo make install
-skopeo -v

hack/tree_status.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 STATUS=$(git status --porcelain)

hack/xref-helpmsgs-manpages

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# xref-helpmsgs-manpages - cross-reference --help options against man pages
+#
+package LibPod::CI::XrefHelpmsgsManpages;
+
+use v5.14;
+use utf8;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+(our $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+our $VERSION = '0.1';
+
+# For debugging, show data structures using DumpTree($var)
+#use Data::TreeDumper; $Data::TreeDumper::Displayaddress = 0;
+
+# unbuffer output
+$| = 1;
+
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN user-customizable section
+
+# Path to skopeo executable
+my $Default_Skopeo = './bin/skopeo';
+my $SKOPEO = $ENV{SKOPEO} || $Default_Skopeo;
+
+# Path to all doc files (markdown)
+my $Docs_Path = 'docs';
+
+# Global error count
+my $Errs = 0;
+
+# END   user-customizable section
+###############################################################################
+
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN boilerplate args checking, usage messages
+
+sub usage {
+    print  <<"END_USAGE";
+Usage: $ME [OPTIONS]
+
+$ME recursively runs 'skopeo --help' against
+all subcommands; and recursively reads skopeo-*.1.md files
+in $Docs_Path, then cross-references that each --help
+option is listed in the appropriate man page and vice-versa.
+
+$ME invokes '\$SKOPEO' (default: $Default_Skopeo).
+
+Exit status is zero if no inconsistencies found, one otherwise
+
+OPTIONS:
+
+  -v, --verbose  show verbose progress indicators
+  -n, --dry-run  make no actual changes
+
+  --help         display this message
+  --version      display program name and version
+END_USAGE
+
+    exit;
+}
+
+# Command-line options.  Note that this operates directly on @ARGV !
+our $debug   = 0;
+our $verbose = 0;
+sub handle_opts {
+    use Getopt::Long;
+    GetOptions(
+        'debug!'     => \$debug,
+        'verbose|v'  => \$verbose,
+
+        help         => \&usage,
+        version      => sub { print "$ME version $VERSION\n"; exit 0 },
+    ) or die "Try `$ME --help' for help\n";
+}
+
+# END   boilerplate args checking, usage messages
+###############################################################################
+
+############################## CODE BEGINS HERE ###############################
+
+# The term is "modulino".
+__PACKAGE__->main()                                     unless caller();
+
+# Main code.
+sub main {
+    # Note that we operate directly on @ARGV, not on function parameters.
+    # This is deliberate: it's because Getopt::Long only operates on @ARGV
+    # and there's no clean way to make it use @_.
+    handle_opts();                      # will set package globals
+
+    # Fetch command-line arguments.  Barf if too many.
+    die "$ME: Too many arguments; try $ME --help\n"                 if @ARGV;
+
+    my $help = skopeo_help();
+    my $man  = skopeo_man('skopeo');
+
+    xref_by_help($help, $man);
+    xref_by_man($help, $man);
+
+    exit !!$Errs;
+}
+
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN cross-referencing
+
+##################
+#  xref_by_help  #  Find keys in '--help' but not in man
+##################
+sub xref_by_help {
+    my ($help, $man, @subcommand) = @_;
+
+    for my $k (sort keys %$help) {
+        if (exists $man->{$k}) {
+            if (ref $help->{$k}) {
+                xref_by_help($help->{$k}, $man->{$k}, @subcommand, $k);
+            }
+            # Otherwise, non-ref is leaf node such as a --option
+        }
+        else {
+            my $man = $man->{_path} || 'man';
+            warn "$ME: skopeo @subcommand --help lists $k, but $k not in $man\n";
+            ++$Errs;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#################
+#  xref_by_man  #  Find keys in man pages but not in --help
+#################
+#
+# In an ideal world we could share the functionality in one function; but
+# there are just too many special cases in man pages.
+#
+sub xref_by_man {
+    my ($help, $man, @subcommand) = @_;
+
+    # FIXME: this generates way too much output
+    for my $k (grep { $_ ne '_path' } sort keys %$man) {
+        if (exists $help->{$k}) {
+            if (ref $man->{$k}) {
+                xref_by_man($help->{$k}, $man->{$k}, @subcommand, $k);
+            }
+        }
+        elsif ($k ne '--help' && $k ne '-h') {
+            my $man = $man->{_path} || 'man';
+
+            warn "$ME: skopeo @subcommand: $k in $man, but not --help\n";
+            ++$Errs;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# END   cross-referencing
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN data gathering
+
+#################
+#  skopeo_help  #  Parse output of 'skopeo [subcommand] --help'
+#################
+sub skopeo_help {
+    my %help;
+    open my $fh, '-|', $SKOPEO, @_, '--help'
+        or die "$ME: Cannot fork: $!\n";
+    my $section = '';
+    while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+        # Cobra is blessedly consistent in its output:
+        #    Usage: ...
+        #    Available Commands:
+        #       ....
+        #    Options:
+        #       ....
+        #
+        # Start by identifying the section we're in...
+        if ($line =~ /^Available\s+(Commands):/) {
+            $section = lc $1;
+        }
+        elsif ($line =~ /^(Flags):/) {
+            $section = lc $1;
+        }
+
+        # ...then track commands and options. For subcommands, recurse.
+        elsif ($section eq 'commands') {
+            if ($line =~ /^\s{1,4}(\S+)\s/) {
+                my $subcommand = $1;
+                print "> skopeo @_ $subcommand\n"               if $debug;
+                $help{$subcommand} = skopeo_help(@_, $subcommand)
+                    unless $subcommand eq 'help';       # 'help' not in man
+            }
+        }
+        elsif ($section eq 'flags') {
+            # Handle '--foo' or '-f, --foo'
+            if ($line =~ /^\s{1,10}(--\S+)\s/) {
+                print "> skopeo @_ $1\n"                        if $debug;
+                $help{$1} = 1;
+            }
+            elsif ($line =~ /^\s{1,10}(-\S),\s+(--\S+)\s/) {
+                print "> skopeo @_ $1, $2\n"                    if $debug;
+                $help{$1} = $help{$2} = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    close $fh
+        or die "$ME: Error running 'skopeo @_ --help'\n";
+
+    return \%help;
+}
+
+
+################
+#  skopeo_man  #  Parse contents of skopeo-*.1.md
+################
+sub skopeo_man {
+    my $command = shift;
+    my $manpath = "$Docs_Path/$command.1.md";
+    print "** $manpath \n"                              if $debug;
+
+    my %man = (_path => $manpath);
+    open my $fh, '<', $manpath
+        or die "$ME: Cannot read $manpath: $!\n";
+    my $section = '';
+    my @most_recent_flags;
+    my $previous_subcmd = '';
+    while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+        chomp $line;
+        next unless $line;		# skip empty lines
+
+        # .md files designate sections with leading double hash
+        if ($line =~ /^##\s*OPTIONS/) {
+            $section = 'flags';
+        }
+        elsif ($line =~ /^\#\#\s+(SUB)?COMMANDS/) {
+            $section = 'commands';
+        }
+        elsif ($line =~ /^\#\#[^#]/) {
+            $section = '';
+        }
+
+        # This will be a table containing subcommand names, links to man pages.
+        elsif ($section eq 'commands') {
+            # In skopeo.1.md
+            if ($line =~ /^\|\s*\[skopeo-(\S+?)\(\d\)\]/) {
+                # $1 will be changed by recursion _*BEFORE*_ left-hand assignment
+                my $subcmd = $1;
+                $man{$subcmd} = skopeo_man("skopeo-$1");
+            }
+        }
+
+        # Options should always be of the form '**-f**' or '**\-\-flag**',
+        # possibly separated by comma-space.
+        elsif ($section eq 'flags') {
+            # If option has long and short form, long must come first.
+            # This is a while-loop because there may be multiple long
+            # option names (not in skopeo ATM, but leave the possibility open)
+            while ($line =~ s/^\*\*(--[a-z0-9.-]+)\*\*(=\*[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\*)?(,\s+)?//g) {
+                $man{$1} = 1;
+            }
+            # Short form
+            if ($line =~ s/^\*\*(-[a-zA-Z0-9.])\*\*(=\*[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\*)?//g) {
+                $man{$1} = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    close $fh;
+
+    return \%man;
+}
+
+
+
+# END   data gathering
+###############################################################################
+
+1;

install.md

@@ -1,76 +1,125 @@
-# Installing from packages
+# Installing Skopeo
 
-`skopeo` may already be packaged in your distribution, for example on
-RHEL/CentOS ≥ 8 or Fedora you can install it using:
+## Distribution Packages
+`skopeo` may already be packaged in your distribution. This document lists the
+installation steps for many distros, along with their information and support links.
+
+### Fedora
 
 ```sh
-$ sudo dnf install skopeo
+sudo dnf -y install skopeo
 ```
 
-on RHEL/CentOS ≤ 7.x:
+[Package Info](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/skopeo) and
+[Bugzilla](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&classification=Fedora&component=skopeo&product=Fedora)
+
+Fedora bugs can be reported on the Skopeo GitHub [Issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues) page.
+
+### RHEL / CentOS Stream ≥ 8
 
 ```sh
-$ sudo yum install skopeo
+sudo dnf -y install skopeo
 ```
 
-for openSUSE:
+If you are a RHEL customer, please reach out through the official RHEL support
+channels for any issues.
+
+CentOS Stream 9: [Package Info](https://gitlab.com/redhat/centos-stream/rpms/skopeo/-/tree/c9s) and
+[Bugzilla](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&classification=Red%20Hat&component=skopeo&product=Red%20Hat%20Enterprise%20Linux%209&version=CentOS%20Stream)
+
+CentOS Stream 8: [Package Info](https://git.centos.org/rpms/skopeo/tree/c8s-stream-rhel8) and
+[Bugzilla](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&classification=Red%20Hat&component=skopeo&product=Red%20Hat%20Enterprise%20Linux%208&version=CentOS%20Stream)
+
+
+### RHEL/CentOS ≤ 7.x
 
 ```sh
-$ sudo zypper install skopeo
+sudo yum -y install skopeo
 ```
 
-on alpine:
+CentOS 7: [Package Repo](https://git.centos.org/rpms/skopeo/tree/c7-extras)
+
+### openSUSE
 
 ```sh
-$ sudo apk add skopeo
+sudo zypper install skopeo
 ```
 
-on macOS:
+[Package Info](https://software.opensuse.org/package/skopeo)
+
+### Alpine
 
 ```sh
-$ brew install skopeo
+sudo apk add skopeo
 ```
 
-Debian (10 and newer including Raspbian) and Ubuntu (18.04 and newer): Packages
-are available via the [Kubic][0] project repositories:
+[Package Info](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=skopeo)
 
-[0]: https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable
+### macOS
+
+```sh
+brew install skopeo
+```
+
+### Nix / NixOS
+```sh
+$ nix-env -i skopeo
+```
+
+[Package Info](https://search.nixos.org/packages?&show=skopeo&query=skopeo)
+
+### Debian
+
+The skopeo package is available on [Bullseye](https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/skopeo),
+and Debian Testing and Unstable.
 
 ```bash
-# Debian Unstable/Sid:
-$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Debian_Unstable/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
-$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Debian_Unstable/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+# Debian Bullseye, Testing or Unstable/Sid
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get -y install skopeo
 ```
 
-```bash
-# Debian Testing:
-$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Debian_Testing/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
-$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Debian_Testing/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
-```
+[Package Info](https://packages.debian.org/stable/skopeo)
+
+### Raspberry Pi OS arm64 (beta)
+
+Raspberry Pi OS uses the standard Debian's repositories,
+so it is fully compatible with Debian's arm64 repository.
+You can simply follow the [steps for Debian](#debian) to install Skopeo.
+
+
+### Ubuntu
+
+The skopeo package is available in the official repositories for Ubuntu 20.10
+and newer.
 
 ```bash
-# Debian 10:
-$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Debian_10/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
-$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Debian_10/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+# Ubuntu 20.10 and newer
+sudo apt-get -y update
+sudo apt-get -y install skopeo
 ```
 
-```bash
-# Raspbian 10:
-$ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/Raspbian_10/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
-$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/Raspbian_10/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
-```
+[Package Info](https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/skopeo)
+
+### Windows
+Skopeo has not yet been packaged for Windows. There is an [open feature
+request](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/715) and contributions are
+always welcome.
+
+
+## Container Images
+
+Skopeo container images are available at `quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest`.
+For example,
 
 ```bash
-# Ubuntu (18.04, 19.04 and 19.10):
-$ . /etc/os-release
-$ sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/x${NAME}_${VERSION_ID}/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list"
-$ wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/x${NAME}_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
+podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy --help
 ```
 
-```bash
-$ sudo apt-get update -qq
-$ sudo apt-get install skopeo
-```
+[Read more](./contrib/skopeoimage/README.md).
+
+
+## Building from Source
 
 Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
 
@@ -92,48 +141,37 @@ Install the necessary dependencies:
 
 ```bash
 # Fedora:
-$ sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel
+sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel
 ```
 
 ```bash
 # Ubuntu (`libbtrfs-dev` requires Ubuntu 18.10 and above):
-$ sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev
+sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev pkg-config
 ```
 
 ```bash
 # macOS:
-$ brew install gpgme
+brew install gpgme
 ```
 
 ```bash
 # openSUSE:
-$ sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
+sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
 ```
 
 Make sure to clone this repository in your `GOPATH` - otherwise compilation fails.
 
 ```bash
-$ git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
-$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make binary-local
+git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make bin/skopeo
 ```
 
-### Building in a container
+By default the `make` command (make all) will build bin/skopeo and the documentation locally.
 
-Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:
-
-- It requires the `podman` command and the ability to run Linux containers
-- The created executable is a Linux executable, and depends on dynamic libraries
-  which may only be available only in a container of a similar Linux
-  distribution.
-
-```bash
-$ make binary # Or (make all) to also build documentation, see below.
+Building of documentation requires `go-md2man`. On systems that do not have this tool, the
+document generation can be skipped by passing `DISABLE_DOCS=1`:
 ```
-
-To build a pure-Go static binary (disables devicemapper, btrfs, and gpgme):
-
-```bash
-$ make binary-static DISABLE_CGO=1
+DISABLE_DOCS=1 make
 ```
 
 ### Building documentation
@@ -142,24 +180,87 @@ To build the manual you will need go-md2man.
 
 ```bash
 # Debian:
-$ sudo apt-get install go-md2man
+sudo apt-get install go-md2man
 ```
 
 ```
 # Fedora:
-$ sudo dnf install go-md2man
+sudo dnf install go-md2man
+```
+
+```
+# MacOS:
+brew install go-md2man
 ```
 
 Then
 
 ```bash
-$ make docs
+make docs
 ```
 
+### Building in a container
+
+Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:
+
+- It requires the `podman` command and the ability to run Linux containers.
+- The created executable is a Linux executable, and depends on dynamic libraries
+  which may only be available only in a container of a similar Linux
+  distribution.
+
+```bash
+$ make binary
+```
+
+### Shell completion scripts
+
+Skopeo has shell completion scripts for bash, zsh, fish and powershell. They are installed as part of `make install`.
+You may have to restart your shell in order for them to take effect.
+
+For instructions to manually generate and load the scripts please see `skopeo completion --help`.
+
 ### Installation
 
 Finally, after the binary and documentation is built:
 
 ```bash
-$ sudo make install
+sudo make install
 ```
+
+### Building a static binary
+
+There have been efforts in the past to produce and maintain static builds, but the maintainers prefer to run Skopeo using distro packages or within containers. This is because static builds of Skopeo tend to be unreliable and functionally restricted. Specifically:
+- Some features of Skopeo depend on non-Go libraries like `libgpgme` and `libdevmapper`.
+- Generating static Go binaries uses native Go libraries, which don't support e.g. `.local` or LDAP-based name resolution.
+
+That being said, if you would like to build Skopeo statically, you might be able to do it by combining all the following steps.
+- Export environment variable `CGO_ENABLED=0` (disabling CGO causes Go to prefer native libraries when possible, instead of dynamically linking against system libraries).
+- Set the `BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp` Make variable (this remove the dependency on `libgpgme` and its companion libraries).
+- Clear the `GO_DYN_FLAGS` Make variable (which otherwise seems to force the creation of a dynamic executable).
+
+The following command implements these steps to produce a static binary in the `bin` subdirectory of the repository:
+
+```bash
+docker run -v $PWD:/src -w /src -e CGO_ENABLED=0 golang \
+make BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp GO_DYN_FLAGS=
+```
+
+Keep in mind that the resulting binary is unsupported and might crash randomly. Only use if you know what you're doing!
+
+For more information, history, and context about static builds, check the following issues:
+
+- [#391] - Consider distributing statically built binaries as part of release
+- [#669] - Static build fails with segmentation violation
+- [#670] - Fixing static binary build using container
+- [#755] - Remove static and in-container targets from Makefile
+- [#932] - Add nix derivation for static builds
+- [#1336] - Unable to run skopeo on Fedora 30 (due to dyn lib dependency)
+- [#1478] - Publish binary releases to GitHub (request+discussion)
+
+[#391]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/391
+[#669]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/669
+[#670]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/670
+[#755]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/755
+[#932]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/932
+[#1336]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/1336
+[#1478]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/1478

integration/blocked_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 const blockedRegistriesConf = "./fixtures/blocked-registries.conf"

integration/check_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ func (s *SkopeoSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 
 func (s *SkopeoSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
 	if s.regV2 != nil {
-		s.regV2.Close()
+		s.regV2.tearDown(c)
 	}
 	if s.regV2WithAuth != nil {
 		//cmd := exec.Command("docker", "logout", s.regV2WithAuth)
 		//c.Assert(cmd.Run(), check.IsNil)
-		s.regV2WithAuth.Close()
+		s.regV2WithAuth.tearDown(c)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopyWithLocalAuth(c *check.C) {
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "login", "--tls-verify=false", "--username="+s.regV2WithAuth.username, "--password="+s.regV2WithAuth.password, s.regV2WithAuth.url)
 	// copy to private registry using local authentication
 	imageName := fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:mine", s.regV2WithAuth.url)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest", imageName)
-	// inspec from private registry
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", testFQIN+":latest", imageName)
+	// inspect from private registry
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "inspect", "--tls-verify=false", imageName)
 	// logout from the registry
 	wanted = fmt.Sprintf("^Removed login credentials for %s\n$", s.regV2WithAuth.url)

integration/fixtures/policy.json

@@ -34,10 +34,27 @@
                     "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
                 }
             ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-remap": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg",
+                    "signedIdentity": {
+                        "type": "remapIdentity",
+                        "prefix": "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-remap",
+                        "signedPrefix": "localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary"
+                    }
+                }
+            ],
             "docker.io/openshift": [
                 {
                     "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
                 }
+            ],
+            "quay.io/openshift": [
+                {
+                    "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
+                }
             ]
         },
         "dir": {

integration/fixtures/registries.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 docker:
    localhost:5555:
-        sigstore: file://@sigstore@
+        lookaside: file://@lookaside@
    localhost:5555/public:
-        sigstore-staging: file://@split-staging@
-        sigstore: @split-read@
+        lookaside-staging: file://@split-staging@
+        lookaside: @split-read@

integration/openshift.go

@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/homedir"
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/homedir"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 var adminKUBECONFIG = map[string]string{
@@ -31,10 +32,7 @@ type openshiftCluster struct {
 // in isolated test environment.
 func startOpenshiftCluster(c *check.C) *openshiftCluster {
 	cluster := &openshiftCluster{}
-
-	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "openshift-cluster")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	cluster.workingDir = dir
+	cluster.workingDir = c.MkDir()
 
 	cluster.startMaster(c)
 	cluster.prepareRegistryConfig(c)
@@ -62,6 +60,7 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startMaster(c *check.C) {
 	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(nil, "openshift", "start", "master")
 	cluster.processes = append(cluster.processes, cmd)
 	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	// Send both to the same pipe. This might cause the two streams to be mixed up,
 	// but logging actually goes only to stderr - this primarily ensure we log any
 	// unexpected output to stdout.
@@ -108,6 +107,8 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startMaster(c *check.C) {
 
 	gotPortCheck := false
 	gotLogCheck := false
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
 	for !gotPortCheck || !gotLogCheck {
 		c.Logf("Waiting for master")
 		select {
@@ -120,6 +121,8 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startMaster(c *check.C) {
 				c.Fatal("log check done, success message not found")
 			}
 			gotLogCheck = true
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			c.Fatalf("Timed out waiting for master: %v", ctx.Err())
 		}
 	}
 	c.Logf("OK, master started!")
@@ -165,8 +168,14 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startRegistryProcess(c *check.C, port int, conf
 		terminatePortCheck <- true
 	}()
 	c.Logf("Waiting for registry to start")
-	<-portOpen
-	c.Logf("OK, Registry port open")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	select {
+	case <-portOpen:
+		c.Logf("OK, Registry port open")
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		c.Fatalf("Timed out waiting for registry to start: %v", ctx.Err())
+	}
 
 	return cmd
 }
@@ -183,7 +192,7 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startRegistry(c *check.C) {
 		// The default configuration currently already contains acceptschema2: false
 	})
 	// Make sure the configuration contains "acceptschema2: false", because eventually it will be enabled upstream and this function will need to be updated.
-	configContents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(schema1Config)
+	configContents, err := os.ReadFile(schema1Config)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(string(configContents), check.Matches, "(?s).*acceptschema2: false.*")
 	cluster.processes = append(cluster.processes, cluster.startRegistryProcess(c, 5005, schema1Config))
@@ -227,7 +236,7 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) dockerLogin(c *check.C) {
 			}`, port, authValue))
 	}
 	configJSON := `{"auths": {` + strings.Join(auths, ",") + `}}`
-	err = ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(cluster.dockerDir, "config.json"), []byte(configJSON), 0600)
+	err = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(cluster.dockerDir, "config.json"), []byte(configJSON), 0600)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 }
 
@@ -245,12 +254,12 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) relaxImageSignerPermissions(c *check.C) {
 // tearDown stops the cluster services and deletes (only some!) of the state.
 func (cluster *openshiftCluster) tearDown(c *check.C) {
 	for i := len(cluster.processes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		cluster.processes[i].Process.Kill()
-	}
-	if cluster.workingDir != "" {
-		os.RemoveAll(cluster.workingDir)
+		// It’s undocumented what Kill() returns if the process has terminated,
+		// so we couldn’t check just for that. This is running in a container anyway…
+		_ = cluster.processes[i].Process.Kill()
 	}
 	if cluster.dockerDir != "" {
-		os.RemoveAll(cluster.dockerDir)
+		err := os.RemoveAll(cluster.dockerDir)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	}
 }

integration/openshift_shell_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build openshift_shell
 // +build openshift_shell
 
 package main
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 /*
@@ -14,13 +15,17 @@ TestRunShell is not really a test; it is a convenient way to use the registry se
 in openshift.go and CopySuite to get an interactive environment for experimentation.
 
 To use it, run:
+
 	sudo make shell
+
 to start a container, then within the container:
+
 	SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 PS1='nested> ' go test -tags openshift_shell -timeout=24h ./integration -v -check.v -check.vv -check.f='CopySuite.TestRunShell'
 
 An example of what can be done within the container:
-	cd ..; make binary-local install
-	./skopeo --tls-verify=false  copy --sign-by=personal@example.com docker://busybox:latest atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:personal
+
+	cd ..; make bin/skopeo PREFIX=/usr install
+	./skopeo --tls-verify=false  copy --sign-by=personal@example.com docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:personal
 	oc get istag personal:personal -o json
 	curl -L -v 'http://localhost:5000/v2/'
 	cat ~/.docker/config.json

integration/procutils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+// cmdLifecycleToParentIfPossible tries to exit if the parent process exits (only works on Linux)
+func cmdLifecycleToParentIfPossible(c *exec.Cmd) {
+}

integration/procutils_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// cmdLifecyleToParentIfPossible is a thin wrapper around prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG)
+// on Linux.
+func cmdLifecycleToParentIfPossible(c *exec.Cmd) {
+	c.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Pdeathsig: syscall.SIGTERM,
+	}
+}

integration/proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+// This image is known to be x86_64 only right now
+const knownNotManifestListedImage_x8664 = "docker://quay.io/coreos/11bot"
+
+const expectedProxySemverMajor = "0.2"
+
+// request is copied from proxy.go
+// We intentionally copy to ensure that we catch any unexpected "API" changes
+// in the JSON.
+type request struct {
+	// Method is the name of the function
+	Method string `json:"method"`
+	// Args is the arguments (parsed inside the function)
+	Args []interface{} `json:"args"`
+}
+
+// reply is copied from proxy.go
+type reply struct {
+	// Success is true if and only if the call succeeded.
+	Success bool `json:"success"`
+	// Value is an arbitrary value (or values, as array/map) returned from the call.
+	Value interface{} `json:"value"`
+	// PipeID is an index into open pipes, and should be passed to FinishPipe
+	PipeID uint32 `json:"pipeid"`
+	// Error should be non-empty if Success == false
+	Error string `json:"error"`
+}
+
+// maxMsgSize is also copied from proxy.go
+const maxMsgSize = 32 * 1024
+
+type proxy struct {
+	c *net.UnixConn
+}
+
+type pipefd struct {
+	// id is the remote identifier "pipeid"
+	id uint
+	fd *os.File
+}
+
+func (p *proxy) call(method string, args []interface{}) (rval interface{}, fd *pipefd, err error) {
+	req := request{
+		Method: method,
+		Args:   args,
+	}
+	reqbuf, err := json.Marshal(&req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	n, err := p.c.Write(reqbuf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if n != len(reqbuf) {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("short write during call of %d bytes", n)
+		return
+	}
+	oob := make([]byte, syscall.CmsgSpace(1))
+	replybuf := make([]byte, maxMsgSize)
+	n, oobn, _, _, err := p.c.ReadMsgUnix(replybuf, oob)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("reading reply: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	var reply reply
+	err = json.Unmarshal(replybuf[0:n], &reply)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Failed to parse reply: %w", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !reply.Success {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("remote error: %s", reply.Error)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if reply.PipeID > 0 {
+		var scms []syscall.SocketControlMessage
+		scms, err = syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob[:oobn])
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse control message: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if len(scms) != 1 {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 received fd, found %d", len(scms))
+			return
+		}
+		var fds []int
+		fds, err = syscall.ParseUnixRights(&scms[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse unix rights: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		fd = &pipefd{
+			fd: os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[0]), "replyfd"),
+			id: uint(reply.PipeID),
+		}
+	}
+
+	rval = reply.Value
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *proxy) callNoFd(method string, args []interface{}) (rval interface{}, err error) {
+	var fd *pipefd
+	rval, fd, err = p.call(method, args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if fd != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Unexpected fd from method %s", method)
+		return
+	}
+	return rval, nil
+}
+
+func (p *proxy) callReadAllBytes(method string, args []interface{}) (rval interface{}, buf []byte, err error) {
+	var fd *pipefd
+	rval, fd, err = p.call(method, args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if fd == nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected fd from method %s", method)
+		return
+	}
+	fetchchan := make(chan byteFetch)
+	go func() {
+		manifestBytes, err := io.ReadAll(fd.fd)
+		fetchchan <- byteFetch{
+			content: manifestBytes,
+			err:     err,
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err = p.callNoFd("FinishPipe", []interface{}{fd.id})
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	select {
+	case fetchRes := <-fetchchan:
+		err = fetchRes.err
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		buf = fetchRes.content
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Minute):
+		err = fmt.Errorf("timed out during proxy fetch")
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func newProxy() (*proxy, error) {
+	fds, err := syscall.Socketpair(syscall.AF_LOCAL, syscall.SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	myfd := os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[0]), "myfd")
+	defer myfd.Close()
+	theirfd := os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[1]), "theirfd")
+	defer theirfd.Close()
+
+	mysock, err := net.FileConn(myfd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Note ExtraFiles starts at 3
+	proc := exec.Command("skopeo", "experimental-image-proxy", "--sockfd", "3")
+	proc.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	cmdLifecycleToParentIfPossible(proc)
+	proc.ExtraFiles = append(proc.ExtraFiles, theirfd)
+
+	if err = proc.Start(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	p := &proxy{
+		c: mysock.(*net.UnixConn),
+	}
+
+	v, err := p.callNoFd("Initialize", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	semver, ok := v.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proxy Initialize: Unexpected value %T", v)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(semver, expectedProxySemverMajor) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected semver %s", semver)
+	}
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	check.Suite(&ProxySuite{})
+}
+
+type ProxySuite struct {
+}
+
+func (s *ProxySuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
+}
+
+func (s *ProxySuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
+}
+
+type byteFetch struct {
+	content []byte
+	err     error
+}
+
+func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
+	v, err := p.callNoFd("OpenImage", []interface{}{knownNotManifestListedImage_x8664})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	imgidv, ok := v.(float64)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("OpenImage return value is %T", v)
+	}
+	imgid := uint32(imgidv)
+
+	_, manifestBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetManifest", []interface{}{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = manifest.OCI1FromManifest(manifestBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, configBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetFullConfig", []interface{}{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var config imgspecv1.Image
+	err = json.Unmarshal(configBytes, &config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Validate that the image config seems sane
+	if config.Architecture == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("No architecture found")
+	}
+	if len(config.Config.Cmd) == 0 && len(config.Config.Entrypoint) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("No CMD or ENTRYPOINT set")
+	}
+
+	// Also test this legacy interface
+	_, ctrconfigBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetConfig", []interface{}{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var ctrconfig imgspecv1.ImageConfig
+	err = json.Unmarshal(ctrconfigBytes, &ctrconfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Validate that the config seems sane
+	if len(ctrconfig.Cmd) == 0 && len(ctrconfig.Entrypoint) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("No CMD or ENTRYPOINT set")
+	}
+
+	_, err = p.callNoFd("CloseImage", []interface{}{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *ProxySuite) TestProxy(c *check.C) {
+	p, err := newProxy()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	err = runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p, knownNotManifestListedImage_x8664)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing image %s: %v", knownNotManifestListedImage_x8664, err)
+	}
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	err = runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p, knownListImage)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing image %s: %v", knownListImage, err)
+	}
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+}

integration/registry.go

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@ const (
 type testRegistryV2 struct {
 	cmd      *exec.Cmd
 	url      string
-	dir      string
 	username string
 	password string
 	email    string
@@ -45,10 +43,7 @@ func setupRegistryV2At(c *check.C, url string, auth, schema1 bool) *testRegistry
 }
 
 func newTestRegistryV2At(c *check.C, url string, auth, schema1 bool) (*testRegistryV2, error) {
-	tmp, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "registry-test-")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	tmp := c.MkDir()
 	template := `version: 0.1
 loglevel: debug
 storage:
@@ -58,6 +53,9 @@ storage:
         enabled: true
 http:
     addr: %s
+compatibility:
+    schema1:
+        enabled: true
 %s`
 	var (
 		htpasswd string
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ http:
 		username = "testuser"
 		password = "testpassword"
 		email = "test@test.org"
-		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(htpasswdPath, []byte(userpasswd), os.FileMode(0644)); err != nil {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(htpasswdPath, []byte(userpasswd), os.FileMode(0644)); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		htpasswd = fmt.Sprintf(`auth:
@@ -86,19 +84,18 @@ http:
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(config, template, tmp, url, htpasswd); err != nil {
-		os.RemoveAll(tmp)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	binary := binaryV2
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
 	if schema1 {
-		binary = binaryV2Schema1
+		cmd = exec.Command(binaryV2Schema1, confPath)
+	} else {
+		cmd = exec.Command(binaryV2, "serve", confPath)
 	}
 
-	cmd := exec.Command(binary, confPath)
 	consumeAndLogOutputs(c, fmt.Sprintf("registry-%s", url), cmd)
 	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		os.RemoveAll(tmp)
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			c.Skip(err.Error())
 		}
@@ -107,7 +104,6 @@ http:
 	return &testRegistryV2{
 		cmd:      cmd,
 		url:      url,
-		dir:      tmp,
 		username: username,
 		password: password,
 		email:    email,
@@ -126,7 +122,8 @@ func (t *testRegistryV2) Ping() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *testRegistryV2) Close() {
-	t.cmd.Process.Kill()
-	os.RemoveAll(t.dir)
+func (t *testRegistryV2) tearDown(c *check.C) {
+	// It’s undocumented what Kill() returns if the process has terminated,
+	// so we couldn’t check just for that. This is running in a container anyway…
+	_ = t.cmd.Process.Kill()
 }

integration/signing_test.go

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ package main
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature"
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 type SigningSuite struct {
-	gpgHome     string
 	fingerprint string
 }
 
@@ -40,25 +38,18 @@ func (s *SigningSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 	_, err := exec.LookPath(skopeoBinary)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
-	s.gpgHome, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-gpg")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", s.gpgHome)
+	gpgHome := c.MkDir()
+	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", gpgHome)
 
-	runCommandWithInput(c, "Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Testing user\n%no-protection\n%commit\n", gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--batch", "--gen-key")
+	runCommandWithInput(c, "Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Testing user\n%no-protection\n%commit\n", gpgBinary, "--homedir", gpgHome, "--batch", "--gen-key")
 
-	lines, err := exec.Command(gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--with-colons", "--no-permission-warning", "--fingerprint").Output()
+	lines, err := exec.Command(gpgBinary, "--homedir", gpgHome, "--with-colons", "--no-permission-warning", "--fingerprint").Output()
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	s.fingerprint, err = findFingerprint(lines)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 }
 
 func (s *SigningSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
-	if s.gpgHome != "" {
-		err := os.RemoveAll(s.gpgHome)
-		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	}
-	s.gpgHome = ""
-
 	os.Unsetenv("GNUPGHOME")
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +64,7 @@ func (s *SigningSuite) TestSignVerifySmoke(c *check.C) {
 	manifestPath := "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
 	dockerReference := "testing/smoketest"
 
-	sigOutput, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "sig")
+	sigOutput, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sig")
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.Remove(sigOutput.Name())
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "^$", "standalone-sign", "-o", sigOutput.Name(),

integration/sync_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -11,8 +11,26 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
+)
+
+const (
+	// A repository with a path with multiple components in it which
+	// contains multiple tags, preferably with some tags pointing to
+	// manifest lists, and with some tags that don't.
+	pullableRepo = "k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns"
+	// A tagged image in the repository that we can inspect and copy.
+	pullableTaggedImage = "k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.6.6"
+	// A tagged manifest list in the repository that we can inspect and copy.
+	pullableTaggedManifestList = "k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0"
+	// A repository containing multiple tags, some of which are for
+	// manifest lists, and which includes a "latest" tag.  We specify the
+	// name here without a tag.
+	pullableRepoWithLatestTag = "k8s.gcr.io/pause"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -22,7 +40,6 @@ func init() {
 type SyncSuite struct {
 	cluster  *openshiftCluster
 	registry *testRegistryV2
-	gpgHome  string
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
@@ -56,10 +73,8 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 	// FIXME: Set up TLS for the docker registry port instead of using "--tls-verify=false" all over the place.
 	s.registry = setupRegistryV2At(c, v2DockerRegistryURL, registryAuth, registrySchema1)
 
-	gpgHome, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-gpg")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	s.gpgHome = gpgHome
-	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", s.gpgHome)
+	gpgHome := c.MkDir()
+	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", gpgHome)
 
 	for _, key := range []string{"personal", "official"} {
 		batchInput := fmt.Sprintf("Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Test key - %s\nName-email: %s@example.com\n%%no-protection\n%%commit\n",
@@ -67,7 +82,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
 		runCommandWithInput(c, batchInput, gpgBinary, "--batch", "--gen-key")
 
 		out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, gpgBinary, "--armor", "--export", fmt.Sprintf("%s@example.com", key))
-		err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(s.gpgHome, fmt.Sprintf("%s-pubkey.gpg", key)),
+		err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(gpgHome, fmt.Sprintf("%s-pubkey.gpg", key)),
 			[]byte(out), 0600)
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	}
@@ -78,24 +93,35 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if s.gpgHome != "" {
-		os.RemoveAll(s.gpgHome)
-	}
 	if s.registry != nil {
-		s.registry.Close()
+		s.registry.tearDown(c)
 	}
 	if s.cluster != nil {
 		s.cluster.tearDown(c)
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirTagged(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
+func assertNumberOfManifestsInSubdirs(c *check.C, dir string, expectedCount int) {
+	nManifests := 0
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(dir, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !d.IsDir() && d.Name() == "manifest.json" {
+			nManifests++
+			return filepath.SkipDir
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	c.Assert(nManifests, check.Equals, expectedCount)
+}
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
-	image := "busybox:latest"
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirTagged(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
+
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableTaggedImage
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().String()
@@ -117,64 +143,96 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirTagged(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
 }
 
-func (s *SyncSuite) TestScoped(c *check.C) {
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
-	image := "busybox:latest"
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirTaggedAll(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
+
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableTaggedManifestList
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().String()
 
-	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
+	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
+	dir2 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir2")
+
+	// sync docker => dir
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--all", "--scoped", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", image, dir1)
+	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, imagePath, "manifest.json"))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	// copy docker => dir
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--all", "docker://"+image, "dir:"+dir2)
+	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir2, "manifest.json"))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", path.Join(dir1, imagePath), dir2)
+	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
+}
+
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestPreserveDigests(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
+
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableTaggedManifestList
+
+	// copy docker => dir
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--all", "--preserve-digests", "docker://"+image, "dir:"+tmpDir)
+	_, err := os.Stat(path.Join(tmpDir, "manifest.json"))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Instructed to preserve digests.*", "copy", "--all", "--preserve-digests", "--format=oci", "docker://"+image, "dir:"+tmpDir)
+}
+
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestScoped(c *check.C) {
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableTaggedImage
+	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().String()
+
+	dir1 := c.MkDir()
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", image, dir1)
-	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, image, "manifest.json"))
+	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, path.Base(imagePath), "manifest.json"))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", image, dir1)
 	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, imagePath, "manifest.json"))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-
-	os.RemoveAll(dir1)
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestDirIsNotOverwritten(c *check.C) {
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
-	image := "busybox:latest"
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableRepoWithLatestTag
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().String()
 
 	// make a copy of the image in the local registry
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://"+image, "docker://"+path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, image))
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://"+image, "docker://"+path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, reference.Path(imageRef.DockerReference())))
 
 	//sync upstream image to dir, not scoped
-	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	dir1 := c.MkDir()
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", image, dir1)
-	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, image, "manifest.json"))
+	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, path.Base(imagePath), "manifest.json"))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	//sync local registry image to dir, not scoped
-	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Refusing to overwrite destination directory.*", "sync", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, image), dir1)
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Refusing to overwrite destination directory.*", "sync", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, reference.Path(imageRef.DockerReference())), dir1)
 
 	//sync local registry image to dir, scoped
-	imageRef, err = docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, image)))
+	imageRef, err = docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, reference.Path(imageRef.DockerReference()))))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath = imageRef.DockerReference().String()
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, image), dir1)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, reference.Path(imageRef.DockerReference())), dir1)
 	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, imagePath, "manifest.json"))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	os.RemoveAll(dir1)
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirUntagged(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
-
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
-	image := "alpine"
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableRepo
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().String()
@@ -193,12 +251,10 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DirUntagged(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlUntagged(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 
-	image := "alpine"
+	image := pullableRepo
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().Name()
@@ -209,108 +265,98 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlUntagged(c *check.C) {
 	c.Check(len(tags), check.Not(check.Equals), 0)
 
 	yamlConfig := fmt.Sprintf(`
-docker.io:
+%s:
   images:
-    %s:
-`, image)
+    %s: []
+`, reference.Domain(imageRef.DockerReference()), reference.Path(imageRef.DockerReference()))
 
-	//sync to the local reg
+	// sync to the local registry
 	yamlFile := path.Join(tmpDir, "registries.yaml")
-	ioutil.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+	err = os.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "docker", "--dest-tls-verify=false", yamlFile, v2DockerRegistryURL)
-	// sync back from local reg to a folder
+	// sync back from local registry to a folder
 	os.Remove(yamlFile)
 	yamlConfig = fmt.Sprintf(`
 %s:
   tls-verify: false
   images:
-    %s:
-
+    %s: []
 `, v2DockerRegistryURL, imagePath)
 
-	ioutil.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+	err = os.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
 
 	sysCtx = types.SystemContext{
 		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify: types.NewOptionalBool(true),
 	}
-	localTags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(context.Background(), &sysCtx, imageRef)
+	localImageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s/%s", v2DockerRegistryURL, imagePath))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	localTags, err := docker.GetRepositoryTags(context.Background(), &sysCtx, localImageRef)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(len(localTags), check.Not(check.Equals), 0)
 	c.Assert(len(localTags), check.Equals, len(tags))
-
-	nManifests := 0
-	//count the number of manifest.json in dir1
-	err = filepath.Walk(dir1, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if !info.IsDir() && info.Name() == "manifest.json" {
-			nManifests++
-			return filepath.SkipDir
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(nManifests, check.Equals, len(tags))
+	assertNumberOfManifestsInSubdirs(c, dir1, len(tags))
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlRegex2Dir(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 
 	yamlConfig := `
-docker.io:
+k8s.gcr.io:
   images-by-tag-regex:
-    nginx: ^1\.13\.[12]-alpine-perl$  # regex string test
+    pause: ^[12]\.0$  # regex string test
 `
 	// the       ↑    regex strings always matches only 2 images
 	var nTags = 2
 	c.Assert(nTags, check.Not(check.Equals), 0)
 
 	yamlFile := path.Join(tmpDir, "registries.yaml")
-	ioutil.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
-
-	nManifests := 0
-	err = filepath.Walk(dir1, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if !info.IsDir() && info.Name() == "manifest.json" {
-			nManifests++
-			return filepath.SkipDir
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
+	err := os.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(nManifests, check.Equals, nTags)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
+	assertNumberOfManifestsInSubdirs(c, dir1, nTags)
 }
 
-func (s *SyncSuite) TestYaml2Dir(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlDigest2Dir(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 
 	yamlConfig := `
-docker.io:
+k8s.gcr.io:
   images:
-    busybox:
-      - latest
-      - musl
-    alpine:
-      - edge
-      - 3.8
-    opensuse/leap:
+    pause:
+    - sha256:59eec8837a4d942cc19a52b8c09ea75121acc38114a2c68b98983ce9356b8610
+`
+	yamlFile := path.Join(tmpDir, "registries.yaml")
+	err := os.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
+	assertNumberOfManifestsInSubdirs(c, dir1, 1)
+}
+
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestYaml2Dir(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
+	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
+
+	yamlConfig := `
+k8s.gcr.io:
+  images:
+    coredns/coredns:
+      - v1.8.0
+      - v1.7.1
+    k8s-dns-kube-dns:
+      - 1.14.12
+      - 1.14.13
+    pause:
       - latest
 
 quay.io:
   images:
-      quay/busybox:
-          - latest`
+    quay/busybox:
+      - latest`
 
 	// get the number of tags
 	re := regexp.MustCompile(`^ +- +[^:/ ]+`)
@@ -323,34 +369,20 @@ quay.io:
 	c.Assert(nTags, check.Not(check.Equals), 0)
 
 	yamlFile := path.Join(tmpDir, "registries.yaml")
-	ioutil.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
-
-	nManifests := 0
-	err = filepath.Walk(dir1, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if !info.IsDir() && info.Name() == "manifest.json" {
-			nManifests++
-			return filepath.SkipDir
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
+	err := os.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(nManifests, check.Equals, nTags)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
+	assertNumberOfManifestsInSubdirs(c, dir1, nTags)
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlTLSVerify(c *check.C) {
 	const localRegURL = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
-	image := "busybox"
+	image := pullableRepoWithLatestTag
 	tag := "latest"
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	// copy docker => docker
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "docker://"+image+":"+tag, localRegURL+image+":"+tag)
 
@@ -387,7 +419,8 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlTLSVerify(c *check.C) {
 	for _, cfg := range testCfg {
 		yamlConfig := fmt.Sprintf(yamlTemplate, v2DockerRegistryURL, cfg.tlsVerify, image, tag)
 		yamlFile := path.Join(tmpDir, "registries.yaml")
-		ioutil.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+		err := os.WriteFile(yamlFile, []byte(yamlConfig), 0644)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 		cfg.checker(c, cfg.msg, "sync", "--scoped", "--src", "yaml", "--dest", "dir", yamlFile, dir1)
 		os.Remove(yamlFile)
@@ -396,15 +429,31 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestYamlTLSVerify(c *check.C) {
 
 }
 
+func (s *SyncSuite) TestSyncManifestOutput(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
+
+	destDir1 := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dest1")
+	destDir2 := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dest2")
+	destDir3 := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dest3")
+
+	//Split image:tag path from image URI for manifest comparison
+	imageDir := pullableTaggedImage[strings.LastIndex(pullableTaggedImage, "/")+1:]
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--format=oci", "--all", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", pullableTaggedImage, destDir1)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, filepath.Join(destDir1, imageDir), imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--format=v2s2", "--all", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", pullableTaggedImage, destDir2)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, filepath.Join(destDir2, imageDir), manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--format=v2s1", "--all", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", pullableTaggedImage, destDir3)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, filepath.Join(destDir3, imageDir), manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType)
+}
+
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 	const localRegURL = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
 
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
-	image := "busybox:latest"
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableTaggedImage
 	imageRef, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", image))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	imagePath := imageRef.DockerReference().String()
@@ -432,20 +481,22 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDocker2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestDir2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 	const localRegURL = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
 
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
-	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
-	image := "busybox:latest"
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
+	image := pullableRepoWithLatestTag
 
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
-	err = os.Mkdir(dir1, 0755)
+	err := os.Mkdir(dir1, 0755)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	dir2 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir2")
 	err = os.Mkdir(dir2, 0755)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
+	// create leading dirs
+	err = os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(path.Join(dir1, image)), 0755)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
 	// copy docker => dir
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://"+image, "dir:"+path.Join(dir1, image))
 	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir1, image, "manifest.json"))
@@ -454,9 +505,13 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDir2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 	// sync dir => docker
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "sync", "--scoped", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "--src", "dir", "--dest", "docker", dir1, v2DockerRegistryURL)
 
+	// create leading dirs
+	err = os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(path.Join(dir2, image)), 0755)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
 	// copy docker => dir
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", localRegURL+image, "dir:"+path.Join(dir2, image))
-	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(path.Join(dir2, image), "manifest.json"))
+	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(dir2, image, "manifest.json"))
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", dir1, dir2)
@@ -464,9 +519,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestDir2DockerTagged(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDir2Dir(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 	dir2 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir2")
@@ -476,9 +529,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDir2Dir(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsNoSourceImages(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*No images to sync found in .*",
 		"sync", "--scoped", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "--src", "dir", "--dest", "docker", tmpDir, v2DockerRegistryURL)
@@ -490,9 +541,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsNoSourceImages(c *check.C) {
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDockerSourceNoRegistry(c *check.C) {
 	const regURL = "google.com/namespace/imagename"
 
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
 	//untagged
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*invalid status code from registry 404.*",
@@ -505,9 +554,7 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDockerSourceNoRegistry(c *check.C) {
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDockerSourceUnauthorized(c *check.C) {
 	const repo = "privateimagenamethatshouldnotbepublic"
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
 	//untagged
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Registry disallows tag list retrieval.*",
@@ -519,25 +566,23 @@ func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDockerSourceUnauthorized(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDockerSourceNotExisting(c *check.C) {
-	repo := path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, "imagedoesdotexist")
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	repo := path.Join(v2DockerRegistryURL, "imagedoesnotexist")
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
 
 	//untagged
 	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*invalid status code from registry 404.*",
 		"sync", "--scoped", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", repo, tmpDir)
 
 	//tagged
-	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Error reading manifest.*",
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*reading manifest.*",
 		"sync", "--scoped", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--src", "docker", "--dest", "dir", repo+":thetag", tmpDir)
 }
 
 func (s *SyncSuite) TestFailsWithDirSourceNotExisting(c *check.C) {
 	// Make sure the dir does not exist!
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-sync-test")
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	err = os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	tmpDir := c.MkDir()
+	tmpDir = filepath.Join(tmpDir, "this-does-not-exist")
+	err := os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	_, err = os.Stat(path.Join(tmpDir))
 	c.Check(os.IsNotExist(err), check.Equals, true)

integration/utils.go

@@ -3,19 +3,24 @@ package main
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 const skopeoBinary = "skopeo"
 const decompressDirsBinary = "./decompress-dirs.sh"
 
+const testFQIN = "docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox" // tag left off on purpose, some tests need to add a special one
+const testFQIN64 = "docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:amd64"
+const testFQINMultiLayer = "docker://quay.io/libpod/alpine_nginx:master" // multi-layer
+
 // consumeAndLogOutputStream takes (f, err) from an exec.*Pipe(), and causes all output to it to be logged to c.
 func consumeAndLogOutputStream(c *check.C, id string, f io.ReadCloser, err error) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -158,15 +163,15 @@ func modifyEnviron(env []string, name, value string) []string {
 // fileFromFixtureFixture applies edits to inputPath and returns a path to the temporary file.
 // Callers should defer os.Remove(the_returned_path)
 func fileFromFixture(c *check.C, inputPath string, edits map[string]string) string {
-	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(inputPath)
+	contents, err := os.ReadFile(inputPath)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	for template, value := range edits {
-		updated := bytes.Replace(contents, []byte(template), []byte(value), -1)
+		updated := bytes.ReplaceAll(contents, []byte(template), []byte(value))
 		c.Assert(bytes.Equal(updated, contents), check.Equals, false, check.Commentf("Replacing %s in %#v failed", template, string(contents))) // Verify that the template has matched something and we are not silently ignoring it.
 		contents = updated
 	}
 
-	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "policy.json")
+	file, err := os.CreateTemp("", "policy.json")
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	path := file.Name()
 
@@ -182,7 +187,7 @@ func fileFromFixture(c *check.C, inputPath string, edits map[string]string) stri
 func runDecompressDirs(c *check.C, regexp string, args ...string) {
 	c.Logf("Running %s %s", decompressDirsBinary, strings.Join(args, " "))
 	for i, dir := range args {
-		m, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
+		m, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 		c.Logf("manifest %d before: %s", i+1, string(m))
 	}
@@ -192,7 +197,7 @@ func runDecompressDirs(c *check.C, regexp string, args ...string) {
 		if len(out) > 0 {
 			c.Logf("output: %s", out)
 		}
-		m, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
+		m, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 		c.Logf("manifest %d after: %s", i+1, string(m))
 	}
@@ -200,3 +205,11 @@ func runDecompressDirs(c *check.C, regexp string, args ...string) {
 		c.Assert(string(out), check.Matches, "(?s)"+regexp) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
 	}
 }
+
+// Verify manifest in a dir: image at dir is expectedMIMEType.
+func verifyManifestMIMEType(c *check.C, dir string, expectedMIMEType string) {
+	manifestBlob, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	mimeType := manifest.GuessMIMEType(manifestBlob)
+	c.Assert(mimeType, check.Equals, expectedMIMEType)
+}

skopeo.spec.rpkg

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# For automatic rebuilds in COPR
+
+# The following tag is to get correct syntax highlighting for this file in vim text editor
+# vim: syntax=spec
+
+# Any additinoal comments should go below this line or else syntax highlighting
+# may not work.
+
+# CAUTION: This is not a replacement for RPMs provided by your distro.
+# Only intended to build and test the latest unreleased changes.
+
+%global gomodulesmode GO111MODULE=on
+%global with_debug 1
+
+%if 0%{?with_debug}
+%global _find_debuginfo_dwz_opts %{nil}
+%global _dwz_low_mem_die_limit 0
+%else
+%global debug_package %{nil}
+%endif
+
+%if ! 0%{?gobuild:1}
+%define gobuild(o:) go build -buildmode pie -compiler gc -tags="rpm_crashtraceback ${BUILDTAGS:-}" -ldflags "${LDFLAGS:-} -B 0x$(head -c20 /dev/urandom|od -An -tx1|tr -d ' \\n') -extldflags '-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld '" -a -v -x %{?**};
+%endif
+
+Name: {{{ git_dir_name }}}
+Epoch: 101
+Version: {{{ git_dir_version }}}
+Release: 1%{?dist}
+Summary: Inspect container images and repositories on registries
+License: ASL 2.0
+URL: https://github.com/containers/skopeo
+VCS: {{{ git_dir_vcs }}}
+Source: {{{ git_dir_pack }}}
+%if 0%{?fedora} && ! 0%{?rhel}
+BuildRequires: btrfs-progs-devel
+%endif
+BuildRequires: golang >= 1.16.6
+BuildRequires: glib2-devel
+BuildRequires: git-core
+BuildRequires: go-md2man
+%if 0%{?fedora} || 0%{?rhel} >= 9
+BuildRequires: go-rpm-macros
+%endif
+BuildRequires: pkgconfig(devmapper)
+BuildRequires: gpgme-devel
+BuildRequires: libassuan-devel
+BuildRequires: pkgconfig
+BuildRequires: make
+BuildRequires: ostree-devel
+%if 0%{?fedora} <= 35
+Requires: containers-common >= 4:1-39
+%else
+Requires: containers-common >= 4:1-46
+%endif
+
+%description
+Command line utility to inspect images and repositories directly on Docker
+registries without the need to pull them.
+
+%package tests
+Summary: Tests for %{name}
+Requires: %{name} = %{epoch}:%{version}-%{release}
+Requires: bats
+Requires: gnupg
+Requires: jq
+Requires: podman
+Requires: httpd-tools
+Requires: openssl
+Requires: fakeroot
+Requires: squashfs-tools
+
+%description tests
+%{summary}
+
+This package contains system tests for %{name}
+
+%prep
+{{{ git_dir_setup_macro }}}
+
+sed -i 's/install-binary: bin\/skopeo/install-binary:/' Makefile
+
+# This will invoke `make` command in the directory with the extracted sources.
+%build
+%set_build_flags
+export CGO_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+# These extra flags present in $CFLAGS have been skipped for now as they break the build
+CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-flto=auto//g')
+CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-Wp,D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS//g')
+CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-specs=\/usr\/lib\/rpm\/redhat\/redhat-annobin-cc1//g')
+
+%ifarch x86_64
+export CGO_CFLAGS+=" -m64 -mtune=generic -fcf-protection=full"
+%endif
+
+LDFLAGS=""
+
+export BUILDTAGS="$(hack/libdm_tag.sh)"
+%if 0%{?rhel}
+export BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS exclude_graphdriver_btrfs btrfs_noversion"
+%endif
+
+%gobuild -o bin/%{name} ./cmd/%{name}
+
+%install
+%{__make} PREFIX=%{buildroot}%{_prefix} install-binary install-docs install-completions
+
+# system tests
+install -d -p %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/%{name}/test/system
+cp -pav systemtest/* %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/%{name}/test/system/
+
+%files
+%license LICENSE
+%doc README.md
+%{_bindir}/%{name}
+%{_mandir}/man1/%%{name}*
+%dir %{_datadir}/bash-completion
+%dir %{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions
+%{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions/%{name}
+%dir %{_datadir}/fish
+%dir %{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d
+%{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d/%{name}.fish
+%dir %{_datadir}/zsh
+%dir %{_datadir}/zsh/site-functions
+%{_datadir}/zsh/site-functions/_%{name}
+
+%files tests
+%license LICENSE
+%{_datadir}/%{name}/test
+
+%changelog
+{{{ git_dir_changelog }}}

systemtest/010-inspect.bats

@@ -27,11 +27,20 @@ load helpers
     # Now run inspect locally
     run_skopeo inspect dir:$workdir
     inspect_local=$output
+    run_skopeo inspect --raw dir:$workdir
+    inspect_local_raw=$output
+    config_digest=$(jq -r '.config.digest' <<<"$inspect_local_raw")
 
-    # Each SHA-named file must be listed in the output of 'inspect'
+    # Each SHA-named layer file (but not the config) must be listed in the output of 'inspect'.
+    # In all existing versions of Skopeo (with 1.6 being the current as of this comment),
+    # the output of 'inspect' lists layer digests,
+    # but not the digest of the config blob ($config_digest), if any.
+    layers=$(jq -r '.Layers' <<<"$inspect_local")
     for sha in $(find $workdir -type f | xargs -l1 basename | egrep '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'); do
-        expect_output --from="$inspect_local" --substring "sha256:$sha" \
-                      "Locally-extracted SHA file is present in 'inspect'"
+        if [ "sha256:$sha" != "$config_digest" ]; then
+            expect_output --from="$layers" --substring "sha256:$sha" \
+                        "Locally-extracted SHA file is present in 'inspect'"
+        fi
     done
 
     # Simple sanity check on 'inspect' output.
@@ -65,59 +74,58 @@ END_EXPECT
 }
 
 @test "inspect: env" {
-    remote_image=docker://docker.io/fedora:latest
+    remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/fedora:31
     run_skopeo inspect $remote_image
     inspect_remote=$output
 
     # Simple check on 'inspect' output with environment variables.
     #    1) Get remote image values of environment variables (the value of 'Env')
     #    2) Confirm substring in check_array and the value of 'Env' match.
-    check_array=(PATH=.* )
+    check_array=(FGC=f31 DISTTAG=f31container)
     remote=$(jq '.Env[]' <<<"$inspect_remote")
     for substr in ${check_array[@]}; do
         expect_output --from="$remote" --substring "$substr"
     done
 }
 
+# Tests https://github.com/containers/skopeo/pull/708
 @test "inspect: image manifest list w/ diff platform" {
-    # When --raw is provided, can inspect show the raw manifest list, w/o
-    # requiring any particular platform to be present
-    # To test whether container image can be inspected successfully w/o
-    # platform dependency.
-    #    1) Get current platform arch
-    #    2) Inspect container image is different from current platform arch
-    #    3) Compare output w/ expected result
+    # This image's manifest is for an os + arch that is... um, unlikely
+    # to support skopeo in the foreseeable future. Or past. The image
+    # is created by the make-noarch-manifest script in this directory.
+    img=docker://quay.io/libpod/notmyarch:20210121
 
-    # Here we see a revolting workaround for a podman incompatibility
-    # change: in April 2020, podman info completely changed format
-    # of the keys. What worked until then now throws an error. We
-    # need to work with both old and new podman.
-    arch=$(podman info --format '{{.host.arch}}' || true)
-    if [[ -z "$arch" ]]; then
-        arch=$(podman info --format '{{.Host.Arch}}')
-    fi
+    # Get our host arch (what we're running on). This assumes that skopeo
+    # arch matches podman; it also assumes running podman >= April 2020
+    # (prior to that, the format keys were lower-case).
+    arch=$(podman info --format '{{.Host.Arch}}')
 
-    case $arch in
-        "amd64")
-            diff_arch_list="s390x ppc64le"
-            ;;
-        "s390x")
-            diff_arch_list="amd64 ppc64le"
-            ;;
-        "ppc64le")
-            diff_arch_list="amd64 s390x"
-            ;;
-        "*")
-            diff_arch_list="amd64 s390x ppc64le"
-            ;;
-    esac
+    # By default, 'inspect' tries to match our host os+arch. This should fail.
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect $img
+    expect_output --substring "parsing manifest for image: choosing image instance: no image found in manifest list for architecture $arch, variant " \
+                  "skopeo inspect, without --raw, fails"
 
-    for arch in $diff_arch_list; do
-        remote_image=docker://docker.io/$arch/golang
-        run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --raw $remote_image
-        remote_arch=$(jq -r '.manifests[0]["platform"]["architecture"]' <<< "$output")
-        expect_output --from="$remote_arch" "$arch" "platform arch of $remote_image"
-    done
+    # With --raw, we can inspect
+    run_skopeo inspect --raw $img
+    expect_output --substring "manifests.*platform.*architecture" \
+                  "skopeo inspect --raw returns reasonable output"
+
+    # ...and what we get should be consistent with what our script created.
+    archinfo=$(jq -r '.manifests[0].platform | {os,variant,architecture} | join("-")' <<<"$output")
+
+    expect_output --from="$archinfo" "amigaos-1000-mc68000" \
+                  "os - variant - architecture of $img"
+}
+
+@test "inspect: don't list tags" {
+    remote_image=docker://quay.io/fedora/fedora
+    # use --no-tags to not list any tags
+    run_skopeo inspect --no-tags $remote_image
+    inspect_output=$output
+    # extract the content of "RepoTags" property from the JSON output
+    repo_tags=$(jq '.RepoTags[]' <<<"$inspect_output")
+    # verify that the RepoTags was empty
+    expect_output --from="$repo_tags" "" "inspect --no-tags was expected to return empty RepoTags[]"
 }
 
 # vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/020-copy.bats

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function setup() {
 # From remote, to dir1, to local, to dir2;
 # compare dir1 and dir2, expect no changes
 @test "copy: dir, round trip" {
-    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
     local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 
     local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # Same as above, but using 'oci:' instead of 'dir:' and with a :latest tag
 @test "copy: oci, round trip" {
-    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
     local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 
     local dir1=$TESTDIR/oci1
@@ -45,23 +45,29 @@ function setup() {
 }
 
 # Compression zstd
-@test "copy: oci, round trip, zstd" {
-    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
+@test "copy: oci, zstd" {
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
 
     local dir=$TESTDIR/dir
 
-    run_skopeo copy --dest-compress --dest-compress-format=zstd $remote_image oci:$dir:latest
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-compress-format=zstd $remote_image oci:$dir:latest
 
     # zstd magic number
     local magic=$(printf "\x28\xb5\x2f\xfd")
 
     # Check there is at least one file that has the zstd magic number as the first 4 bytes
     (for i in $dir/blobs/sha256/*; do test "$(head -c 4 $i)" = $magic && exit 0; done; exit 1)
+
+    # Check that the manifest's description of the image's first layer is the zstd layer type
+    instance=$(jq -r '.manifests[0].digest' $dir/index.json)
+    [[ "$instance" != null ]]
+    mediatype=$(jq -r '.layers[0].mediaType' < $dir/blobs/${instance/://})
+    [[ "$mediatype" == "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+zstd" ]]
 }
 
 # Same image, extracted once with :tag and once without
 @test "copy: oci w/ and w/o tags" {
-    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
 
     local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
     local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # Registry -> storage -> oci-archive
 @test "copy: registry -> storage -> oci-archive" {
-    local alpine=docker.io/library/alpine:latest
+    local alpine=quay.io/libpod/alpine:latest
     local tmp=$TESTDIR/oci
 
     run_skopeo copy docker://$alpine containers-storage:$alpine
@@ -94,6 +100,64 @@ function setup() {
                docker://localhost:5000/foo
 }
 
+# manifest format
+@test "copy: manifest format" {
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
+
+    run_skopeo copy --format v2s2 $remote_image dir:$dir1
+    run_skopeo copy --format oci $remote_image dir:$dir2
+    grep 'application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2' $dir1/manifest.json
+    grep 'application/vnd.oci.image' $dir2/manifest.json
+}
+
+# additional tag
+@test "copy: additional tag" {
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
+
+    # additional-tag is supported only for docker-archive
+    run_skopeo copy --additional-tag busybox:mine $remote_image \
+               docker-archive:$TESTDIR/mybusybox.tar:busybox:latest
+    mkdir -p $TESTDIR/podmanroot
+    run podman --root $TESTDIR/podmanroot load -i $TESTDIR/mybusybox.tar
+    run podman --root $TESTDIR/podmanroot images
+    expect_output --substring "mine"
+
+    # rootless cleanup needs to be done with unshare due to subuids
+    if [[ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]]; then
+        run podman unshare rm -rf $TESTDIR/podmanroot
+    fi
+}
+
+# shared blob directory
+@test "copy: shared blob directory" {
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
+
+    local shareddir=$TESTDIR/shareddir
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-shared-blob-dir $shareddir \
+               $remote_image oci:$dir1
+    [ -n "$(ls $shareddir)" ]
+    [ -z "$(ls $dir1/blobs)" ]
+    run_skopeo copy --src-shared-blob-dir $shareddir \
+               oci:$dir1 oci:$dir2
+    diff -urN $shareddir $dir2/blobs
+}
+
+@test "copy: sif image" {
+    type -path fakeroot || skip "'fakeroot' tool not available"
+
+    local localimg=dir:$TESTDIR/dir
+
+    run_skopeo copy sif:${TEST_SOURCE_DIR}/testdata/busybox_latest.sif $localimg
+    run_skopeo inspect $localimg --format "{{.Architecture}}"
+    expect_output "amd64"
+}
+
 teardown() {
     podman rm -f reg
 

systemtest/030-local-registry-tls.bats

@@ -8,19 +8,28 @@ load helpers
 function setup() {
     standard_setup
 
-    start_registry --with-cert reg
+    start_registry --with-cert --enable-delete=true reg
 }
 
 @test "local registry, with cert" {
     # Push to local registry...
     run_skopeo copy --dest-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
-               docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 
     # ...and pull it back out
     run_skopeo copy --src-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned \
                dir:$TESTDIR/extracted
+
+    # inspect with cert
+    run_skopeo inspect --cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+    expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
+
+    # delete with cert
+    run_skopeo delete --cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
 }
 
 teardown() {

systemtest/040-local-registry-auth.bats

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function setup() {
     testuser=testuser
     testpassword=$(random_string 15)
 
-    start_registry --testuser=$testuser --testpassword=$testpassword reg
+    start_registry --testuser=$testuser --testpassword=$testpassword --enable-delete=true reg
 }
 
 @test "auth: credentials on command line" {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ function setup() {
 
     # These should pass
     run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false --dcreds=$testuser:$testpassword \
-               docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function setup() {
     podman login --tls-verify=false -u $testuser -p $testpassword localhost:5000
 
     run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
-               docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
                docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
     expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
@@ -67,6 +67,47 @@ function setup() {
     expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
 }
 
+@test "auth: copy with --src-creds and --dest-creds" {
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false --dest-creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    run_skopeo copy --src-tls-verify=false --src-creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/dir1
+    run ls $TESTDIR/dir1
+    expect_output --substring "manifest.json"
+}
+
+@test "auth: credentials via authfile" {
+    podman login --tls-verify=false --authfile $TESTDIR/test.auth -u $testuser -p $testpassword localhost:5000
+
+    # copy without authfile: should fail
+    run_skopeo 1 copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+
+    # copy with authfile: should work
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               --authfile $TESTDIR/test.auth \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+
+    # inspect without authfile: should fail
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # inspect with authfile: should work
+    run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --authfile $TESTDIR/test.auth docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
+
+    # delete without authfile: should fail
+    run_skopeo 1 delete --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "authentication required"
+
+    # delete with authfile: should work
+    run_skopeo delete --tls-verify=false --authfile $TESTDIR/test.auth docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+}
+
 teardown() {
     podman rm -f reg
 

systemtest/050-signing.bats

@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ function setup() {
     export GNUPGHOME=$TESTDIR/skopeo-gpg
     mkdir --mode=0700 $GNUPGHOME
 
+    PASSPHRASE_FILE=$TESTDIR/passphrase-file
+    passphrase=$(random_string 20)
+    echo $passphrase > $PASSPHRASE_FILE
+
+    PASSPHRASE_FILE_WRONG=$TESTDIR/passphrase-file-wrong
+    echo $(random_string 10) > $PASSPHRASE_FILE_WRONG
+
     # gpg on f30 needs this, otherwise:
     #   gpg: agent_genkey failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
     # ...but gpg on f29 (and, probably, Ubuntu) doesn't grok this
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ function setup() {
     fi
 
     for k in alice bob;do
-        gpg --batch $GPGOPTS --gen-key --passphrase '' <<END_GPG
+        gpg --batch $GPGOPTS --gen-key --passphrase $passphrase <<END_GPG
 Key-Type: RSA
 Name-Real: Test key - $k
 Name-email: $k@test.redhat.com
@@ -81,8 +88,18 @@ END_POLICY_JSON
     start_registry reg
 }
 
+function kill_gpg_agent {
+    # Kill the running gpg-agent to drop unlocked keys. This allows for testing
+    # handling of invalid passphrases.
+    run gpgconf --kill gpg-agent
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        die "could not restart gpg-agent: $output"
+    fi
+}
+
 @test "signing" {
-    run_skopeo '?' standalone-sign /dev/null busybox alice@test.redhat.com -o /dev/null
+    kill_gpg_agent
+    run_skopeo '?' standalone-sign /dev/null busybox alice@test.redhat.com -o /dev/null --passphrase-file $PASSPHRASE_FILE
     if [[ "$output" =~ 'signing is not supported' ]]; then
         skip "skopeo built without support for creating signatures"
         return 1
@@ -92,7 +109,7 @@ END_POLICY_JSON
     fi
 
     # Cache local copy
-    run_skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest \
+    run_skopeo copy docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
                dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
 
     # Push a bunch of images. Do so *without* --policy flag; this lets us
@@ -100,7 +117,8 @@ END_POLICY_JSON
     while read path sig comments; do
         local sign_opt=
         if [[ $sig != '-' ]]; then
-            sign_opt="--sign-by=${sig}@test.redhat.com"
+            kill_gpg_agent
+            sign_opt=" --sign-passphrase-file=$PASSPHRASE_FILE --sign-by=${sig}@test.redhat.com"
         fi
         run_skopeo --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
                    copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
@@ -143,6 +161,92 @@ END_PUSH
 END_TESTS
 }
 
+@test "signing: remove signature" {
+    kill_gpg_agent
+    run_skopeo '?' standalone-sign /dev/null busybox alice@test.redhat.com -o /dev/null --passphrase-file $PASSPHRASE_FILE
+    if [[ "$output" =~ 'signing is not supported' ]]; then
+        skip "skopeo built without support for creating signatures"
+        return 1
+    fi
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        die "exit code is $status; expected 0"
+    fi
+
+    # Cache local copy
+    run_skopeo copy docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
+    # Push a signed image
+    kill_gpg_agent
+    run_skopeo --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+               copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               --sign-by=alice@test.redhat.com \
+               --sign-passphrase-file $PASSPHRASE_FILE \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/busybox \
+               docker://localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed
+
+    # Wrong passphrase file
+    kill_gpg_agent
+    run_skopeo 1 --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+               copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               --sign-by=alice@test.redhat.com \
+               --sign-passphrase-file $PASSPHRASE_FILE_WRONG \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/busybox \
+               docker://localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed
+    expect_output --substring "Bad passphrase"
+
+    # Fetch the image with signature
+    run_skopeo  --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+                --policy $POLICY_JSON \
+                copy --src-tls-verify=false \
+                docker://localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed \
+                dir:$TESTDIR/busybox-signed
+    # Fetch the image with removing signature
+    run_skopeo  --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+                --policy $POLICY_JSON \
+                copy --src-tls-verify=false \
+                --remove-signatures \
+                docker://localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed \
+                dir:$TESTDIR/busybox-unsigned
+    ls $TESTDIR/busybox-signed | grep "signature"
+    [ -z "$(ls $TESTDIR/busybox-unsigned | grep "signature")" ]
+}
+
+@test "signing: standalone" {
+    kill_gpg_agent
+    run_skopeo '?' standalone-sign /dev/null busybox alice@test.redhat.com -o /dev/null --passphrase-file $PASSPHRASE_FILE
+    if [[ "$output" =~ 'signing is not supported' ]]; then
+        skip "skopeo built without support for creating signatures"
+        return 1
+    fi
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        die "exit code is $status; expected 0"
+    fi
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:latest
+    run_skopeo copy --src-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:latest \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
+    # Standalone sign
+    kill_gpg_agent
+    run_skopeo standalone-sign -o $TESTDIR/busybox.signature \
+               --passphrase-file $PASSPHRASE_FILE \
+               $TESTDIR/busybox/manifest.json \
+               localhost:5000/busybox:latest \
+               alice@test.redhat.com
+    # Standalone verify
+    fingerprint=$(gpg --list-keys | grep -B1 alice.test.redhat.com | head -n 1)
+    run_skopeo standalone-verify $TESTDIR/busybox/manifest.json \
+               localhost:5000/busybox:latest \
+               $fingerprint \
+               $TESTDIR/busybox.signature
+    # manifest digest
+    digest=$(echo "$output" | awk '{print $4;}')
+    run_skopeo manifest-digest $TESTDIR/busybox/manifest.json
+    expect_output $digest
+}
+
 teardown() {
     podman rm -f reg
 

systemtest/060-delete.bats

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function setup() {
 
 # delete image from registry
 @test "delete: remove image from registry" {
-    local remote_image=docker://docker.io/library/busybox:latest
+    local remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:latest
     local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
     local output=