Bump to v1.19.0

Bump to v1.19.0 to align with the Podman v5.5 release

Signed-off-by: tomsweeneyredhat <tsweeney@redhat.com>

.cirrus.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ env:
     SCRIPT_BASE: "./contrib/cirrus"
 
     # Google-cloud VM Images
-    IMAGE_SUFFIX: "c20250131t121915z-f41f40d13"
+    IMAGE_SUFFIX: "c20250422t130822z-f42f41d13"
     FEDORA_CACHE_IMAGE_NAME: "fedora-${IMAGE_SUFFIX}"
 
     # Container FQIN's
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ doccheck_task:
         cpu: 4
         memory: 8
     env:
-        BUILDTAGS: &withopengpg 'btrfs_noversion libdm_no_deferred_remove containers_image_openpgp'
+        BUILDTAGS: &withopengpg 'containers_image_openpgp'
     script: |
       # TODO: Can't use 'runner.sh setup' inside container.  However,
       # removing the pre-installed package is the only necessary step
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ test_skopeo_task:
     matrix:
         - name: "Skopeo Test"  # N/B: Name ref. by hack/get_fqin.sh
           env:
-              BUILDTAGS: 'btrfs_noversion libdm_no_deferred_remove'
+              BUILDTAGS: ''
         - name: "Skopeo Test w/ opengpg"
           env:
               BUILDTAGS: *withopengpg

.fmf/version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1

.github/workflows/check_cirrus_cron.yml

@@ -17,4 +17,9 @@ jobs:
   # Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/reusing-workflows
   call_cron_failures:
     uses: containers/podman/.github/workflows/check_cirrus_cron.yml@main
-    secrets: inherit
+    secrets:
+      SECRET_CIRRUS_API_KEY: ${{secrets.SECRET_CIRRUS_API_KEY}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_SERVER: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_SERVER}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_USERNAME: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_USERNAME}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_PASSWORD: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_PASSWORD}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_SENDER: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_SENDER}}

.github/workflows/rerun_cirrus_cron.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
----
-
-# See also: https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/.github/workflows/rerun_cirrus_cron.yml
-
-on:
-  # Note: This only applies to the default branch.
-  schedule:
-    # N/B: This should correspond to a period slightly after
-    # the last job finishes running.  See job defs. at:
-    # https://cirrus-ci.com/settings/repository/6706677464432640
-    - cron:  '01 01 * * 1-5'
-  # Debug: Allow triggering job manually in github-actions WebUI
-  workflow_dispatch: {}
-
-jobs:
-  # Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/reusing-workflows
-  call_cron_rerun:
-    uses: containers/podman/.github/workflows/rerun_cirrus_cron.yml@main
-    secrets: inherit

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
----
-run:
-  timeout: 5m
+version: "2"
+linters:
+  settings:
+    staticcheck:
+      checks:
+        # Compared to golangci-lint v2.0.2 defaults, we don’t exclude
+        # ST1003, ST1016, ST1020, ST1021, ST1022 as we don't hit those.
+        - all
+        - -ST1000 # Incorrect or missing package comment.
+        - -ST1005 # Incorrectly formatted error string.
+  exclusions:
+    presets:
+      - std-error-handling

.packit.yaml

@@ -9,6 +9,27 @@
 downstream_package_name: skopeo
 upstream_tag_template: v{version}
 
+# These files get synced from upstream to downstream (Fedora / CentOS Stream) on every
+# propose-downstream job. This is done so tests maintained upstream can be run
+# downstream in Zuul CI and Bodhi.
+# Ref: https://packit.dev/docs/configuration#files_to_sync
+files_to_sync:
+  - src: rpm/gating.yaml
+    dest: gating.yaml
+    delete: true
+  - src: plans/
+    dest: plans/
+    delete: true
+    mkpath: true
+  - src: systemtest/tmt/
+    dest: test/tmt/
+    delete: true
+    mkpath: true
+  - src: .fmf/
+    dest: .fmf/
+    delete: true
+  - .packit.yaml
+
 packages:
   skopeo-fedora:
     pkg_tool: fedpkg
@@ -29,13 +50,14 @@ jobs:
     notifications: &copr_build_failure_notification
       failure_comment:
         message: "Ephemeral COPR build failed. @containers/packit-build please check."
-    targets:
+    targets: &fedora_copr_targets
       - fedora-all-x86_64
       - fedora-all-aarch64
     enable_net: true
 
+  # Ignore until golang is updated in distro buildroot to go 1.23.3+
   - job: copr_build
-    trigger: pull_request
+    trigger: ignore
     packages: [skopeo-eln]
     notifications: *copr_build_failure_notification
     targets:
@@ -47,11 +69,12 @@ jobs:
           - "https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org/repos/eln-build/latest/aarch64/"
     enable_net: true
 
+  # Ignore until golang is updated in distro buildroot to go 1.23.3+
   - job: copr_build
-    trigger: pull_request
+    trigger: ignore
     packages: [skopeo-centos]
     notifications: *copr_build_failure_notification
-    targets:
+    targets: &centos_copr_targets
       - centos-stream-9-x86_64
       - centos-stream-9-aarch64
       - centos-stream-10-x86_64
@@ -70,6 +93,33 @@ jobs:
     project: podman-next
     enable_net: true
 
+  # Tests on Fedora for main branch
+  - job: tests
+    trigger: pull_request
+    packages: [skopeo-fedora]
+    notifications: &test_failure_notification
+      failure_comment:
+        message: "Tests failed. @containers/packit-build please check."
+    targets: *fedora_copr_targets
+    tf_extra_params:
+      environments:
+        - artifacts:
+          - type: repository-file
+            id: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/rhcontainerbot/podman-next/repo/fedora-$releasever/rhcontainerbot-podman-next-fedora-$releasever.repo
+
+  # Tests on CentOS Stream for main branch
+  # Ignore until golang is updated in distro buildroot to go 1.23.3+
+  - job: tests
+    trigger: ignore
+    packages: [skopeo-centos]
+    notifications: *test_failure_notification
+    targets: *centos_copr_targets
+    tf_extra_params:
+      environments:
+        - artifacts:
+          - type: repository-file
+            id: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/rhcontainerbot/podman-next/repo/centos-stream-$releasever/rhcontainerbot-podman-next-centos-stream-$releasever.repo
+
   # Sync to Fedora
   - job: propose_downstream
     trigger: release

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -148,9 +148,13 @@ When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `
 
 ## Communications
 
-For general questions, or discussions, please use the 
-IRC channel on `irc.libera.chat` called `#container-projects`
-that has been setup.
+For general questions, or discussions, please use the
+[#podman](https://app.slack.com/client/T08PSQ7BQ/C08MXJLCFCN) channel on the [CNCF
+Slack](https://cloud-native.slack.com).
+
+For development related discussions, please use the
+[#podman-dev](https://app.slack.com/client/T08PSQ7BQ/C08NTKCDC1W) channel on the CNCF
+Slack.
 
 For discussions around issues/bugs and features, you can use the github
 [issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues)

GOVERNANCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## The Skopeo Project Community Governance
+
+The Skopeo project, as part of Podman Container Tools, follows the [Podman Project Governance](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/GOVERNANCE.md).

MAINTAINERS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Skopeo Maintainers
+
+[GOVERNANCE.md](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/GOVERNANCE.md)
+describes the project's governance and the Project Roles used below.
+
+## Maintainers
+
+| Maintainer        | GitHub ID                                                | Project Roles                    | Affiliation                                  |
+|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
+| Brent Baude       | [baude](https://github.com/baude)                        | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Nalin Dahyabhai   | [nalind](https://github.com/nalind)                      | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Matthew Heon      | [mheon](https://github.com/mheon)                        | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Paul Holzinger    | [Luap99](https://github.com/Luap99)                      | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Giuseppe Scrivano | [giuseppe](https://github.com/giuseppe)                  | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Miloslav Trmač    | [mtrmac](https://github.com/mtrmac)                      | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Neil Smith        | [Neil-Smith](https://github.com/Neil-Smith)              | Community Manager                | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Tom Sweeney       | [TomSweeneyRedHat](https://github.com/TomSweeneyRedHat/) | Maintainer and Community Manager | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Lokesh Mandvekar  | [lsm5](https://github.com/lsm5)                          | Maintainer                       | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Dan Walsh         | [rhatdan](https://github.com/rhatdan)                    | Maintainer                       | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Ashley Cui        | [ashley-cui](https://github.com/ashley-cui)              | Reviewer                         | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Valentin Rothberg | [vrothberg](https://github.com/vrothberg)                | Reviewer                         | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+
+## Alumni
+
+None at present
+
+## Credits
+
+The structure of this document was based off of the equivalent one in the [CRI-O Project](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/blob/main/MAINTAINERS.md).

Makefile

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ GOARCH ?= $(shell go env GOARCH)
 # N/B: This value is managed by Renovate, manual changes are
 # possible, as long as they don't disturb the formatting
 # (i.e. DO NOT ADD A 'v' prefix!)
-GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION := 1.63.4
+GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION := 2.1.6
 
 ifeq ($(GOBIN),)
 GOBIN := $(GOPATH)/bin
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ SKOPEO_LDFLAGS := -ldflags '-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT} $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)'
 MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
 MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
 
-BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
+BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
 LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libsubid_tag.sh)
 LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG)
 BUILDTAGS += $(LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS)
@@ -237,7 +237,11 @@ test-all-local: validate-local validate-docs test-unit-local
 validate-local:
 	hack/validate-git-marks.sh
 	hack/validate-gofmt.sh
-	GOBIN=$(GOBIN) hack/validate-lint.sh
+	$(GOBIN)/golangci-lint run --build-tags "${BUILDTAGS}"
+	# An extra run with --tests=false allows detecting code unused outside of tests;
+	# ideally the linter should be able to find this automatically.
+	# Since everything is already cached, this additional run doesn't take much time.
+	$(GOBIN)/golangci-lint run --build-tags "${BUILDTAGS}" --tests=false
 	BUILDTAGS="${BUILDTAGS}" hack/validate-vet.sh
 
 # This invokes bin/skopeo, hence cannot be run as part of validate-local

OWNERS

@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 approvers:
-  - mtrmac
+  - baude
+  - giuseppe
   - lsm5
-  - TomSweeneyRedHat
+  - Luap99
+  - mheon
+  - mtrmac
+  - nalind
   - rhatdan
-  - vrothberg
+  - TomSweeneyRedHat
 reviewers:
   - ashley-cui
+  - baude
   - giuseppe
-  - containers/image-maintainers
   - lsm5
+  - Luap99
+  - mheon
   - mtrmac
-  - QiWang19
+  - nalind
   - rhatdan
-  - runcom
   - TomSweeneyRedHat
   - vrothberg

README.md

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 </p>
 
 ----
+![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache_2.0-blue.svg)
+![GitHub release (latest SemVer)](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/containers/skopeo)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/containers/skopeo)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/containers/skopeo)
+[![OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10516/badge)](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10516)
 
 `skopeo` is a command line utility that performs various operations on container images and image repositories.
 

ROADMAP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Skopeo Roadmap
+
+Skopeo intends to mostly continue to be a very thin CLI wrapper over the [https://github.com/containers/image](containers/image) library, with most features being added there, not to this repo. A typical new Skopeo feature would only add a CLI for a recent containers/image feature.
+
+## Future feature focus (most of the work must be done in the containers/image library)
+
+* OCI artifact support.
+* Integration of composefs.
+* Partial pull support (zstd:chunked).
+* Performance and stability improvements.
+* Reductions to the size of the Skopeo binary.
+* `skopeo sync` exists, and bugs in it should be fixed, but we don’t have much of an ambition to compete with much larger projects like [https://github.com/openshift/oc-mirror](oc-mirror).

cmd/skopeo/completions.go

@@ -1,15 +1,52 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
+	dockerArchive "github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/archive"
+	ociArchive "github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/archive"
+	oci "github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/sif"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/tarball"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"strings"
 )
 
-// autocompleteSupportedTransports list all supported transports with the colon suffix.
-func autocompleteSupportedTransports(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+func autocompleteImageNames(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]cobra.Completion, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	transport, details, haveTransport := strings.Cut(toComplete, ":")
+	if !haveTransport {
+		transports := supportedTransportSuggestions()
+		return transports, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+	}
+	switch transport {
+	case ociArchive.Transport.Name(), dockerArchive.Transport.Name():
+		// Can have [:{*reference|@source-index}]
+		// FIXME: `oci-archive:/path/to/a.oci:<TAB>` completes paths
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+	case sif.Transport.Name():
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+
+	// Both directory and oci should have ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs to complete only directories, but it doesn't currently work in bash: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/2242
+	case oci.Transport.Name():
+		// Can have '[:{reference|@source-index}]'
+		// FIXME: `oci:/path/to/dir/:<TAB>` completes paths
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+	case directory.Transport.Name():
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+
+	case docker.Transport.Name():
+		if details == "" {
+			return []cobra.Completion{transport + "://"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+}
+
+// supportedTransportSuggestions list all supported transports with the colon suffix.
+func supportedTransportSuggestions() []string {
 	tps := transports.ListNames()
-	suggestions := make([]string, 0, len(tps))
+	suggestions := make([]cobra.Completion, 0, len(tps))
 	for _, tp := range tps {
 		// ListNames is generally expected to filter out deprecated transports.
 		// tarball: is not deprecated, but it is only usable from a Go caller (using tarball.ConfigUpdater),
@@ -18,5 +55,5 @@ func autocompleteSupportedTransports(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComple
 			suggestions = append(suggestions, tp+":")
 		}
 	}
-	return suggestions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+	return suggestions
 }

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
 		RunE:              commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example:           `skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest`,
-		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteImageNames,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
 		RunE:              commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example:           `skopeo delete docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest`,
-		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteImageNames,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 		Example: `skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora
 skopeo inspect --config docker://docker.io/alpine
 skopeo inspect --format "Name: {{.Name}} Digest: {{.Digest}}" docker://registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8`,
-		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteImageNames,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
@@ -106,8 +106,9 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		}
 	}()
 
+	unparsedInstance := image.UnparsedInstance(src, nil)
 	if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
-		rawManifest, _, err = src.GetManifest(ctx, nil)
+		rawManifest, _, err = unparsedInstance.Manifest(ctx)
 		return err
 	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error retrieving manifest for image: %w", err)
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	img, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, sys, image.UnparsedInstance(src, nil))
+	img, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, sys, unparsedInstance)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing manifest for image: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -151,12 +151,22 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
-			if closeErr := r.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w (close error: %v)", err, closeErr)
+		defer func() {
+			if err := r.Close(); err != nil {
+				retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, fmt.Sprintf("closing blob %q", bd.digest.String()), err)
 			}
+		}()
+		verifier := bd.digest.Verifier()
+		tr := io.TeeReader(r, verifier)
+		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, tr, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if _, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, tr); err != nil { // Ensure we process all of tr, so that we can validate the digest.
+			return err
+		}
+		if !verifier.Verified() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("corrupt blob %q", bd.digest.String())
+		}
 	}
 
 	var manifest []byte

cmd/skopeo/list_tags.go

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"sort"
+	"maps"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
 // tagListOutput is the output format of (skopeo list-tags), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ var transportHandlers = map[string]func(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemCo
 
 // supportedTransports returns all the supported transports
 func supportedTransports(joinStr string) string {
-	res := maps.Keys(transportHandlers)
-	sort.Strings(res)
+	res := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(transportHandlers))
 	return strings.Join(res, joinStr)
 }
 

cmd/skopeo/proxy.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !windows
-// +build !windows
 
 package main
 
@@ -71,6 +70,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache"
@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ import (
 // 0.2.4: Added OpenImageOptional
 // 0.2.5: Added LayerInfoJSON
 // 0.2.6: Policy Verification before pulling OCI
-const protocolVersion = "0.2.6"
+// 0.2.7: Added GetLayerInfoPiped
+// 0.2.8: Added GetRawBlob and reply.error_code
+const protocolVersion = "0.2.8"
 
 // maxMsgSize is the current limit on a packet size.
 // Note that all non-metadata (i.e. payload data) is sent over a pipe.
@@ -116,6 +118,23 @@ type request struct {
 	Args []any `json:"args"`
 }
 
+type proxyErrorCode string
+
+const (
+	// proxyErrPipe means we got EPIPE writing to a pipe owned by the client
+	proxyErrPipe proxyErrorCode = "EPIPE"
+	// proxyErrRetryable can be used by clients to automatically retry operations
+	proxyErrRetryable proxyErrorCode = "retryable"
+	// All other errors
+	proxyErrOther proxyErrorCode = "other"
+)
+
+// proxyError is serialized over the errfd channel for GetRawBlob
+type proxyError struct {
+	Code    proxyErrorCode `json:"code"`
+	Message string         `json:"message"`
+}
+
 // reply is serialized to JSON as the return value from a function call.
 type reply struct {
 	// Success is true if and only if the call succeeded.
@@ -124,6 +143,8 @@ type reply struct {
 	Value any `json:"value"`
 	// PipeID is an index into open pipes, and should be passed to FinishPipe
 	PipeID uint32 `json:"pipeid"`
+	// ErrorCode will be non-empty if error is set (new in 0.2.8)
+	ErrorCode proxyErrorCode `json:"error_code"`
 	// Error should be non-empty if Success == false
 	Error string `json:"error"`
 }
@@ -132,8 +153,11 @@ type reply struct {
 type replyBuf struct {
 	// value will be converted to a reply Value
 	value any
-	// fd is the read half of a pipe, passed back to the client
+	// fd is the read half of a pipe, passed back to the client for additional data
 	fd *os.File
+	// errfd will be a serialization of error state. This is optional and is currently
+	// only used by GetRawBlob.
+	errfd *os.File
 	// pipeid will be provided to the client as PipeID, an index into our open pipes
 	pipeid uint32
 }
@@ -182,6 +206,30 @@ type convertedLayerInfo struct {
 	MediaType string        `json:"media_type"`
 }
 
+// mapProxyErrorCode turns an error into a known string value.
+func mapProxyErrorCode(err error) proxyErrorCode {
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return ""
+	case errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE):
+		return proxyErrPipe
+	case retry.IsErrorRetryable(err):
+		return proxyErrRetryable
+	default:
+		return proxyErrOther
+	}
+}
+
+// newProxyError creates a serializable structure for
+// the client containing a mapped error code based
+// on the error type, plus its value as a string.
+func newProxyError(err error) proxyError {
+	return proxyError{
+		Code:    mapProxyErrorCode(err),
+		Message: fmt.Sprintf("%v", err),
+	}
+}
+
 // Initialize performs one-time initialization, and returns the protocol version
 func (h *proxyHandler) Initialize(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
@@ -277,7 +325,7 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) openImageImpl(args []any, allowNotFound bool) (retReplyBu
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-// OpenImage accepts a string image reference i.e. TRANSPORT:REF - like `skopeo copy`.
+// OpenImageOptional accepts a string image reference i.e. TRANSPORT:REF - like `skopeo copy`.
 // The return value is an opaque integer handle.  If the image does not exist, zero
 // is returned.
 func (h *proxyHandler) OpenImageOptional(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
@@ -617,11 +665,97 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) GetBlob(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+// GetRawBlob can be viewed as a more general purpose successor
+// to GetBlob. First, it does not verify the digest, which in
+// some cases is unnecessary as the client would prefer to do it.
+//
+// It also does not use the "FinishPipe" API call, but instead
+// returns *two* file descriptors, one for errors and one for data.
+//
+// On (initial) success, the return value provided to the client is the size of the blob.
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetRawBlob(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("found %d args, expecting (imgid, digest)", len(args))
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	digestStr, ok := args[1].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("expecting string blobid")
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	d, err := digest.Parse(digestStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	blobr, blobSize, err := imgref.src.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: d, Size: int64(-1)}, h.cache)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	// Note this doesn't call allocPipe; we're not using the FinishPipe infrastructure.
+	piper, pipew, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		blobr.Close()
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	errpipeR, errpipeW, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		piper.Close()
+		pipew.Close()
+		blobr.Close()
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	// Asynchronous worker doing a copy
+	go func() {
+		// We own the read from registry, and write pipe objects
+		defer blobr.Close()
+		defer pipew.Close()
+		defer errpipeW.Close()
+		logrus.Debugf("Copying blob to client: %d bytes", blobSize)
+		_, err := io.Copy(pipew, blobr)
+		// Handle errors here by serializing a JSON error back over
+		// the error channel. In either case, both file descriptors
+		// will be closed, signaling the completion of the operation.
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("Sending error to client: %v", err)
+			serializedErr := newProxyError(err)
+			buf, err := json.Marshal(serializedErr)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Should never happen
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			_, writeErr := errpipeW.Write(buf)
+			if writeErr != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE) {
+				logrus.Debugf("Writing to client: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("Completed GetRawBlob operation")
+	}()
+
+	ret.value = blobSize
+	ret.fd = piper
+	ret.errfd = errpipeR
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
 // GetLayerInfo returns data about the layers of an image, useful for reading the layer contents.
 //
-// This needs to be called since the data returned by GetManifest() does not allow to correctly
-// calling GetBlob() for the containers-storage: transport (which doesn’t store the original compressed
-// representations referenced in the manifest).
+// This is the same as GetLayerInfoPiped, but returns its contents inline. This is subject to
+// failure for large images (because we use SOCK_SEQPACKET which has a maximum buffer size)
+// and is hence only retained for backwards compatibility. Callers are expected to use
+// the semver to know whether they can call the new API.
 func (h *proxyHandler) GetLayerInfo(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
 	defer h.lock.Unlock()
@@ -667,6 +801,59 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) GetLayerInfo(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+// GetLayerInfoPiped returns data about the layers of an image, useful for reading the layer contents.
+//
+// This needs to be called since the data returned by GetManifest() does not allow to correctly
+// calling GetBlob() for the containers-storage: transport (which doesn’t store the original compressed
+// representations referenced in the manifest).
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetLayerInfoPiped(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("found %d args, expecting (imgid)", len(args))
+	}
+
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	err = h.cacheTargetManifest(imgref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	img := imgref.cachedimg
+
+	layerInfos, err := img.LayerInfosForCopy(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	if layerInfos == nil {
+		layerInfos = img.LayerInfos()
+	}
+
+	layers := make([]convertedLayerInfo, 0, len(layerInfos))
+	for _, layer := range layerInfos {
+		layers = append(layers, convertedLayerInfo{layer.Digest, layer.Size, layer.MediaType})
+	}
+
+	serialized, err := json.Marshal(&layers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	return h.returnBytes(nil, serialized)
+}
+
 // FinishPipe waits for the worker goroutine to finish, and closes the write side of the pipe.
 func (h *proxyHandler) FinishPipe(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
@@ -709,30 +896,37 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) close() {
 
 // send writes a reply buffer to the socket
 func (buf replyBuf) send(conn *net.UnixConn, err error) error {
-	logrus.Debugf("Sending reply: err=%v value=%v pipeid=%v", err, buf.value, buf.pipeid)
+	logrus.Debugf("Sending reply: err=%v value=%v pipeid=%v datafd=%v errfd=%v", err, buf.value, buf.pipeid, buf.fd, buf.errfd)
+	// We took ownership of these FDs, so close when we're done sending them or on error
+	defer func() {
+		if buf.fd != nil {
+			buf.fd.Close()
+		}
+		if buf.errfd != nil {
+			buf.errfd.Close()
+		}
+	}()
 	replyToSerialize := reply{
 		Success: err == nil,
 		Value:   buf.value,
 		PipeID:  buf.pipeid,
 	}
 	if err != nil {
+		replyToSerialize.ErrorCode = mapProxyErrorCode(err)
 		replyToSerialize.Error = err.Error()
 	}
 	serializedReply, err := json.Marshal(&replyToSerialize)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// We took ownership of the FD - close it when we're done.
-	defer func() {
-		if buf.fd != nil {
-			buf.fd.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-	// Copy the FD number to the socket ancillary buffer
+	// Copy the FD number(s) to the socket ancillary buffer
 	fds := make([]int, 0)
 	if buf.fd != nil {
 		fds = append(fds, int(buf.fd.Fd()))
 	}
+	if buf.errfd != nil {
+		fds = append(fds, int(buf.errfd.Fd()))
+	}
 	oob := syscall.UnixRights(fds...)
 	n, oobn, err := conn.WriteMsgUnix(serializedReply, oob, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -804,8 +998,12 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) processRequest(readBytes []byte) (rb replyBuf, terminate
 		rb, err = h.GetFullConfig(req.Args)
 	case "GetBlob":
 		rb, err = h.GetBlob(req.Args)
+	case "GetRawBlob":
+		rb, err = h.GetRawBlob(req.Args)
 	case "GetLayerInfo":
 		rb, err = h.GetLayerInfo(req.Args)
+	case "GetLayerInfoPiped":
+		rb, err = h.GetLayerInfoPiped(req.Args)
 	case "FinishPipe":
 		rb, err = h.FinishPipe(req.Args)
 	case "Shutdown":

cmd/skopeo/proxy_windows.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build windows
-// +build windows
 
 package main
 

cmd/skopeo/unshare.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !linux
-// +build !linux
 
 package main
 

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.shared.authFilePath
 	ctx.DockerDaemonHost = opts.dockerDaemonHost
 	ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath = opts.dockerCertPath
-	if opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.Present() {
-		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.Value()
+	if opts.authFilePath.Present() {
+		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.authFilePath.Value()
 	}
 	if opts.deprecatedTLSVerify != nil && opts.deprecatedTLSVerify.tlsVerify.Present() {
 		// If both this deprecated option and a non-deprecated option is present, we use the latter value.

contrib/cirrus/runner.sh

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ _run_system() {
     make test-system-local BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
 }
 
-req_env_vars SKOPEO_PATH BUILDTAGS
+req_env_vars SKOPEO_PATH
 
 handler="_run_${1}"
 if [ "$(type -t $handler)" != "function" ]; then

go.mod

@@ -1,100 +1,97 @@
 module github.com/containers/skopeo
 
 // Minimum required golang version
-go 1.22.8
+go 1.23.3
 
 // Warning: Ensure the "go" and "toolchain" versions match exactly to prevent unwanted auto-updates
 
 require (
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1
-	github.com/containers/common v0.62.0
-	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.34.0
+	github.com/containers/common v0.63.0
+	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.35.0
 	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v1.2.1
-	github.com/containers/storage v1.57.1
+	github.com/containers/storage v1.58.0
 	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible
 	github.com/moby/sys/capability v0.4.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v1.0.0-rc3
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250103183323-7d7fa50e5329
-	golang.org/x/term v0.29.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.32.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.12.9 // indirect
 	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d // indirect
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/containers/libtrust v0.0.0-20230121012942-c1716e8a8d01 // indirect
-	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20231217050601-ba74d44ecf5f // indirect
-	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.3.6 // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20241213102144-19d51d7fe467 // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker v27.5.1+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.8.2 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.0.4+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
+	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.23.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/loads v0.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/runtime v0.28.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/strfmt v0.23.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.24.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20241129210726-2c02b8208cf8 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.20.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.20.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-intervals v0.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.2-0.20250313123807-1ee6e1a1957a // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.7 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/letsencrypt/boulder v0.0.0-20240620165639-de9c06129bec // indirect
-	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.27 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.7.2 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/oklog/ulid v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go v0.0.0-20210805093236-719684c64e4f // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
@@ -102,38 +99,39 @@ require (
 	github.com/proglottis/gpgme v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/segmentio/ksuid v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sigstore/fulcio v1.6.4 // indirect
-	github.com/sigstore/rekor v1.3.8 // indirect
-	github.com/sigstore/sigstore v1.8.12 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/fulcio v1.6.6 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/protobuf-specs v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/rekor v1.3.10 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/sigstore v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20230803200340-78284954bff6 // indirect
-	github.com/sylabs/sif/v2 v2.20.2 // indirect
+	github.com/sylabs/sif/v2 v2.21.1 // indirect
 	github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2 v2.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/titanous/rocacheck v0.0.0-20171023193734-afe73141d399 // indirect
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.12 // indirect
-	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.11.7 // indirect
-	github.com/vbauerster/mpb/v8 v8.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/vbauerster/mpb/v8 v8.9.3 // indirect
 	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.14.0 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.31.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.31.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.32.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.34.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.21.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.69.4 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.2 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.59.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.34.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.34.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.29.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.24.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250303144028-a0af3efb3deb // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250313205543-e70fdf4c4cb4 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ github.com/14rcole/gopopulate v0.0.0-20180821133914-b175b219e774/go.mod h1:6/0dY
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161 h1:L/gRVlceqvL25UVaW/CKtUDjefjrs0SPonmDGUVOYP0=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 h1:kuoIxZQy2WRRk1pttg9asf+WVv6tWQuBNVmK8+nqPr0=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 h1:W5quZX/G/csjUnuI8SUYlsHs9M38FC7znL0lIO+DvMg=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1 h1:QtNSWtVZ3nBfk8mAOu/B6v7FMJ+NHTIgUPi7rj+4nv4=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UF
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
-github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.3 h1:S5ByHZ/h9PMe5IOQoN7E+nMc2UcLEM/V48DGDJ9kip0=
-github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.3/go.mod h1:8HBe7V3aWGLFPd/k03swSIsGjZhHI2WzJmticMgVuz0=
-github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 h1:FSZgGOeK4yuT/+DnF07/Olde/q4KBoMsaamhXxIMDp4=
-github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
+github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 h1:44na7Ud+VwyE7LIoJ8JTNQOa549a8543BmzaJHo6Bzo=
+github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5/go.mod h1:SA5DLYnXO8pTGYiAHXz94qvLQTKfVM5GEVisn4jpins=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG8PI=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151Xdx3ZPPE=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NJw6s9HwNuRhnjJhM7pylWwMyAkmCQvQ4GpJHEqRLVk=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
@@ -41,45 +41,45 @@ github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 h1:7evrXtoh1mSbGj/pfRcc
 github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3/go.mod h1:uyr4BfYfOj3G9WBVE8cOlQmXAbPN9VEQpBBeJIuOipU=
 github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 h1:yNA/94zxWdvYACdYO8zofhrTVuQY73fFU1y++dYSw40=
 github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:95ljDnPfD3bAbDJRugOiShd/DlAAsxGtUBhJxIn7SCk=
-github.com/containers/common v0.62.0 h1:Sl9WE5h7Y/F3bejrMAA4teP1EcY9ygqJmW4iwSloZ10=
-github.com/containers/common v0.62.0/go.mod h1:Yec+z8mrSq4rydHofrnDCBqAcNA/BGrSg1kfFUL6F6s=
-github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.34.0 h1:HPqQaDUsox/3mC1pbOyLAIQEp0JhQqiUZ+6JiFIZLDI=
-github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.34.0/go.mod h1:/WnvUSEfdqC/ahMRd4YJDBLrpYWkGl018rB77iB3FDo=
+github.com/containers/common v0.63.0 h1:ox6vgUYX5TSvt4W+bE36sYBVz/aXMAfRGVAgvknSjBg=
+github.com/containers/common v0.63.0/go.mod h1:+3GCotSqNdIqM3sPs152VvW7m5+Mg8Kk+PExT3G9hZw=
+github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.35.0 h1:T1OeyWp3GjObt47bchwD9cqiaAm/u4O4R9hIWdrdrP8=
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-github.com/containers/storage v1.57.1 h1:hKPoFsuBcB3qTzBxa4IFpZMRzUuL5Xhv/BE44W0XHx8=
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-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
-github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20231217050601-ba74d44ecf5f h1:eHnXnuK47UlSTOQexbzxAZfekVz6i+LKRdj1CU5DPaM=
-github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20231217050601-ba74d44ecf5f/go.mod h1:uzvlm1mxhHkdfqitSA92i7Se+S9ksOn3a3qmv/kyOCw=
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-github.com/docker/cli v27.5.1+incompatible h1:JB9cieUT9YNiMITtIsguaN55PLOHhBSz3LKVc6cqWaY=
-github.com/docker/cli v27.5.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:JLrzqnKDaYBop7H2jaqPtU4hHvMKP+vjCwu2uszcLI8=
+github.com/docker/cli v28.0.4+incompatible h1:pBJSJeNd9QeIWPjRcV91RVJihd/TXB77q1ef64XEu4A=
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-github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.8.2 h1:bX3YxiGzFP5sOXWc3bTPEXdEaZSeVMrFgOr3T+zrFAo=
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 github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1/go.mod h1:cG1hvH2utMXtqgqqYE9plW6lDxS3/5ayHzueweSI3Vw=
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 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
-github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 h1:iFaUwBSo5Svw6L7HYpRu/0lE3e0BaElwnNO1qkNQxBY=
-github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5/go.mod h1:qssHWj60/X5sZFNxpG4HBPDHVqxNm4DfnCKgrbZOT+s=
+github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707 h1:2tV76y6Q9BB+NEBasnqvs7e49aEBFI8ejC89PSnWH+4=
+github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707/go.mod h1:qssHWj60/X5sZFNxpG4HBPDHVqxNm4DfnCKgrbZOT+s=
 github.com/dsnet/golib v0.0.0-20171103203638-1ea166775780/go.mod h1:Lj+Z9rebOhdfkVLjJ8T6VcRQv3SXugXy999NBtR9aFY=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
@@ -89,10 +89,8 @@ github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0 h1:zmkK9Ngbjj+K0yRhTVONQh1p/HknKYSlNT+vZCzyokM=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0/go.mod h1:fL2Sau1YI5c0pdGEVCbKQbLXB6edEj1ZgiY4NijnWvE=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 h1:fFKWeig/irsp7XD2zBxvnmA/XaRWp5V3CBsZXJF7G7k=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3/go.mod h1:5b+7YgP7ZICgJDBdfjZaIt+H/9L9T/YQrVfLAMboGkQ=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.4 h1:VsjPI33J0SB9vQM6PLmNjoHqMQNGPiZ0rHL7Ni7Q6/E=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.4/go.mod h1:NKb5HO1EZccyMpiZNbdUw/14tiXNyUJh188dfnMCAfc=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 h1:M6T8+mKZl/+fNNuFHvGIzDz7BTLQPIounk/b9dw3AaE=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5/go.mod h1:s3P1lRrkT8igV8D9OjyL4WRyHvjB6a4JSllnOrmmBOA=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
@@ -100,8 +98,8 @@ github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.23.0 h1:aGday7OWupfMs+LbmLZG4k0MYXIANxcuBTYUC03zFCU=
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-github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.0 h1:c4xY/OLxUBSTiepAg3j/MHuAv5mJhnf53LLMWFB+u/w=
-github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.0/go.mod h1:J3DmZScxCDufmIMsdOuDHxJbdOGC0xtUynjIx092vXE=
+github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.1 h1:kslMRRnK7NCb/CvR1q1VWuEQCEIsBGn5GgKD9e+HYhU=
+github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.1/go.mod h1:+n/5UdIqdVnLIJ6Q9Se8HNGUXYaY6CN8ImWzfi/Gzp0=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 h1:YgdVicSA9vH5RiHs9TZW5oyafXZFc6+2Vc1rr/O9oNQ=
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@@ -114,8 +112,8 @@ github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.21.0 h1:LTVzPc3p/RzRnkQqLRndbAzjY0d0BCL72A6j3CdL9Z
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-github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 h1:vsEVJDUo2hPJ2tu0/Xc+4noaxyEffXNIs3cOULZ+GrE=
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@@ -128,8 +126,8 @@ github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
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 github.com/golang/glog v0.0.0-20160126235308-23def4e6c14b/go.mod h1:SBH7ygxi8pfUlaOkMMuAQtPIUF8ecWP5IEl/CR7VP2Q=
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@@ -149,33 +147,30 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
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@@ -189,8 +184,8 @@ github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12/go.mod h1:e30LSqwooZae/UwlEbR2852Gd8hjQvJoHm
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@@ -200,16 +195,16 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
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@@ -222,10 +217,10 @@ github.com/moby/sys/capability v0.4.0 h1:4D4mI6KlNtWMCM1Z/K0i7RV1FkX+DBDHKVJpCnd
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@@ -237,20 +232,20 @@ github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq
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@@ -262,23 +257,27 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRI
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@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO
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+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.34.0/go.mod h1:Svm7lSjQD7kG7KJ/MUHPVXSDGz2OX4h0M2jHBhmSfRE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.4.0 h1:TA9WRvW6zMwP+Ssb6fLoUIuirti1gGbP28GcKG1jgeg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.4.0/go.mod h1:PPBWZIP98o2ElSqI35IHfu7hIhSwvc5N38Jw8pXuGFY=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 h1:O3y2/QNTOdbF+e/dpXNNW7Rx2hZ4sTIPyybbxyNqTUs=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ifeIMSnPZuznNm6jmdzmU3/bfk01Fe2fotchwEFJ8r8=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
@@ -383,11 +380,9 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliY
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0/go.mod h1:CKFgDieR+mRhux2Lsu27y0fO304Db0wZe70UKqHu0v8=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.30.0/go.mod h1:kDsLvtWBEx7MV9tJOj9bnXsPbxwJQ6csT/x4KIN4Ssk=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.32.0 h1:euUpcYgM8WcP71gNpTqQCn6rC2t6ULUPiOzfWaXVVfc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.32.0/go.mod h1:ZnnJkOaASj8g0AjIduWNlq2NRxL0PlBrbKVyZ6V/Ugc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0 h1:kJNSjF/Xp7kU0iB2Z+9viTPMW4EqqsrywMXLJOOsXSE=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0/go.mod h1:vg+k43peMZ0pUMhYmVAWysMK35e6ioLh3wB8ZCAfbVc=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250103183323-7d7fa50e5329 h1:9kj3STMvgqy3YA4VQXBrN7925ICMxD5wzMRcgA30588=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250103183323-7d7fa50e5329/go.mod h1:qj5a5QZpwLU2NLQudwIN5koi3beDhSAlJwa67PuM98c=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
@@ -398,8 +393,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.22.0 h1:D4nJWe9zXqHOmWqj4VMOJhvzj7bEZg4wEYa759z1pH4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.22.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 h1:Zb7khfcRGKk+kqfxFaP5tZqCnDZMjC5VtUBs87Hr6QM=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190213061140-3a22650c66bd/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -416,11 +411,11 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
 golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
 golang.org/x/net v0.25.0/go.mod h1:JkAGAh7GEvH74S6FOH42FLoXpXbE/aqXSrIQjXgsiwM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.34.0 h1:Mb7Mrk043xzHgnRM88suvJFwzVrRfHEHJEl5/71CKw0=
-golang.org/x/net v0.34.0/go.mod h1:di0qlW3YNM5oh6GqDGQr92MyTozJPmybPK4Ev/Gm31k=
+golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 h1:vRMAPTMaeGqVhG5QyLJHqNDwecKTomGeqbnfZyKlBI8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.38.0/go.mod h1:ivrbrMbzFq5J41QOQh0siUuly180yBYtLp+CKbEaFx8=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.25.0 h1:CY4y7XT9v0cRI9oupztF8AgiIu99L/ksR/Xp/6jrZ70=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.25.0/go.mod h1:XYTD2NtWslqkgxebSiOHnXEap4TF09sJSc7H1sXbhtI=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.29.0 h1:WdYw2tdTK1S8olAzWHdgeqfy+Mtm9XNhv/xJsY65d98=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.29.0/go.mod h1:onh5ek6nERTohokkhCD/y2cV4Do3fxFHFuAejCkRWT8=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -431,8 +426,9 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0 h1:3NQrjDixjgGwUOCaF8w2+VYHv0Ve/vGYSbdkTa98gmQ=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0 h1:AauUjRAJ9OSnvULf/ARrrVywoJDy0YS2AwQ98I37610=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -448,8 +444,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 h1:q3i8TbbEz+JRD9ywIRlyRAQbM0qF7hu24q3teo2hbuw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -459,8 +455,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.12.0/go.mod h1:owVbMEjm3cBLCHdkQu9b1opXd4ETQWc3BhuQGKgXgvU=
 golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
 golang.org/x/term v0.20.0/go.mod h1:8UkIAJTvZgivsXaD6/pH6U9ecQzZ45awqEOzuCvwpFY=
 golang.org/x/term v0.27.0/go.mod h1:iMsnZpn0cago0GOrHO2+Y7u7JPn5AylBrcoWkElMTSM=
-golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 h1:L6pJp37ocefwRRtYPKSWOWzOtWSxVajvz2ldH/xi3iU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.29.0/go.mod h1:6bl4lRlvVuDgSf3179VpIxBF0o10JUpXWOnI7nErv7s=
+golang.org/x/term v0.32.0 h1:DR4lr0TjUs3epypdhTOkMmuF5CDFJ/8pOnbzMZPQ7bg=
+golang.org/x/term v0.32.0/go.mod h1:uZG1FhGx848Sqfsq4/DlJr3xGGsYMu/L5GW4abiaEPQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
@@ -469,10 +465,11 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.21.0 h1:zyQAAkrwaneQ066sspRyJaG9VNi/YJ1NfzcGB3hZ/qo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.21.0/go.mod h1:4IBbMaMmOPCJ8SecivzSH54+73PCFmPWxNTLm+vZkEQ=
-golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 h1:EsRrnYcQiGH+5FfbgvV4AP7qEZstoyrHB0DzarOQ4ZY=
-golang.org/x/time v0.9.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.24.0 h1:dd5Bzh4yt5KYA8f9CJHCP4FB4D51c2c6JvN37xJJkJ0=
+golang.org/x/text v0.24.0/go.mod h1:L8rBsPeo2pSS+xqN0d5u2ikmjtmoJbDBT1b7nHvFCdU=
+golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 h1:/bpjEDfN9tkoN/ryeYHnv5hcMlc8ncjMcM4XBk5NWV0=
+golang.org/x/time v0.11.0/go.mod h1:CDIdPxbZBQxdj6cxyCIdrNogrJKMJ7pr37NYpMcMDSg=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
@@ -485,8 +482,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
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 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.28.0 h1:WuB6qZ4RPCQo5aP3WdKZS7i595EdWqWR8vqJTlwTVK8=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.28.0/go.mod h1:dcIOrVd3mfQKTgrDVQHqCPMWy6lnhfhtX3hLXYVLfRw=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0 h1:0EedkvKDbh+qistFTd0Bcwe/YLh4vHwWEkiI0toFIBU=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0/go.mod h1:naFTU+Cev749tSJRXJlna0T3WxKvb1kWEx15xA4SdmQ=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -496,18 +493,17 @@ google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013/go.mod h1:NbSheEEYHJ7i3ixzK3sjbqSGDJWnxyFXZblF3eUsNvo=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20241118233622-e639e219e697 h1:ToEetK57OidYuqD4Q5w+vfEnPvPpuTwedCNVohYJfNk=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576 h1:CkkIfIt50+lT6NHAVoRYEyAvQGFM7xEwXUUywFvEb3Q=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576/go.mod h1:1R3kvZ1dtP3+4p4d3G8uJ8rFk/fWlScl38vanWACI08=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d h1:xJJRGY7TJcvIlpSrN3K6LAWgNFUILlO+OMAqtg9aqnw=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d/go.mod h1:3ENsm/5D1mzDyhpzeRi1NR784I0BcofWBoSc5QqqMK4=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250303144028-a0af3efb3deb h1:p31xT4yrYrSM/G4Sn2+TNUkVhFCbG9y8itM2S6Th950=
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-google.golang.org/grpc v1.69.4 h1:MF5TftSMkd8GLw/m0KM6V8CMOCY6NZ1NQDPGFgbTt4A=
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+google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 h1:kF77BGdPTQ4/JZWMlb9VpJ5pa25aqvVqogsxNHHdeBg=
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 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@@ -517,17 +513,15 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.22.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.1-0.20200526195155-81db48ad09cc/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.2 h1:R8FeyR1/eLmkutZOM5CWghmo5itiG9z0ktFlTVLuTmU=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.2/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6 h1:z1NpPI8ku2WgiWnf+t9wTPsn6eP1L7ksHUlkfLvd9xY=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6/go.mod h1:jduwjTPXsFjZGTmRluh+L6NjiWu7pchiJ2/5YcXBHnY=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible h1:VsBPFP1AI068pPrMxtb/S8Zkgf9xEmTLJjfM+P5UIEo=
-gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:DsYFclhRJ6vuDpmuTbkuFWG+y2sxOXAzmJt81HFBacw=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1/go.mod h1:isy3WKz7GK6uNw/sbHzfKBLvlvXwUyV06n6brMxxopU=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=

hack/btrfs_tag.sh

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-${CPP:-${CC:-cc} -E} ${CPPFLAGS} - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
-#include <btrfs/version.h>
-EOF
-if test $? -ne 0 ; then
-	echo btrfs_noversion
-fi

hack/validate-lint.sh

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-errors=$($GOBIN/golangci-lint run --build-tags "${BUILDTAGS}" 2>&1)
-
-if [ -z "$errors" ]; then
-	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files have been linted.'
-else
-	{
-		echo "Errors from golangci-lint:"
-		echo "$errors"
-		echo
-		echo 'Please fix the above errors. You can test via "golangci-lint" and commit the result.'
-		echo
-	} >&2
-	exit 1
-fi

install.md

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ located at [https://github.com/containers/image_build/tree/main/skopeo](https://
 
 Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
 
-To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.22.
+To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.23.
 
 There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a
 container. Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.

integration/openshift_shell_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build openshift_shell
-// +build openshift_shell
 
 package main
 

integration/openshift_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) prepareRegistryConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "", string(out))
 }
 
-// startRegistry starts the OpenShift registry with configPart on port, waits for it to be ready, and returns the process object, or terminates on failure.
+// startRegistryProcess starts the OpenShift registry with configPart on port, waits for it to be ready, and returns the process object, or terminates on failure.
 func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startRegistryProcess(t *testing.T, port uint16, configPath string) *exec.Cmd {
 	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(map[string]string{
 		"KUBECONFIG":          "openshift.local.registry/openshift-registry.kubeconfig",
@@ -253,10 +254,10 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) relaxImageSignerPermissions(t *testing.T) {
 
 // tearDown stops the cluster services and deletes (only some!) of the state.
 func (cluster *openshiftCluster) tearDown(t *testing.T) {
-	for i := len(cluster.processes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+	for _, process := range slices.Backward(cluster.processes) {
 		// It’s undocumented what Kill() returns if the process has terminated,
 		// so we couldn’t check just for that. This is running in a container anyway…
-		_ = cluster.processes[i].Process.Kill()
+		_ = process.Process.Kill()
 	}
 	if cluster.dockerDir != "" {
 		err := os.RemoveAll(cluster.dockerDir)

integration/procutils_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !linux
-// +build !linux
+//go:build unix && !linux
 
 package main
 

integration/proxy_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build unix
+
 package main
 
 import (
@@ -8,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -58,8 +61,9 @@ type proxy struct {
 
 type pipefd struct {
 	// id is the remote identifier "pipeid"
-	id uint
-	fd *os.File
+	id     uint
+	datafd *os.File
+	errfd  *os.File
 }
 
 func (p *proxy) call(method string, args []any) (rval any, fd *pipefd, err error) {
@@ -97,26 +101,41 @@ func (p *proxy) call(method string, args []any) (rval any, fd *pipefd, err error
 		return
 	}
 
+	var scms []syscall.SocketControlMessage
+	scms, err = syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob[:oobn])
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse control message: %w", err)
+		return
+	}
 	if reply.PipeID > 0 {
-		var scms []syscall.SocketControlMessage
-		scms, err = syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob[:oobn])
-		if err != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse control message: %w", err)
-			return
-		}
 		if len(scms) != 1 {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 received fd, found %d", len(scms))
+			err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 socket control message, found %d", len(scms))
 			return
 		}
+	}
+	if len(scms) > 2 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 or 2 socket control message, found %d", len(scms))
+		return
+	}
+	if len(scms) != 0 {
 		var fds []int
 		fds, err = syscall.ParseUnixRights(&scms[0])
 		if err != nil {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse unix rights: %w", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if len(fds) < 1 || len(fds) > 2 {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("expected 1 or 2 fds, found %d", len(fds))
+			return
+		}
+		var errfd *os.File
+		if len(fds) == 2 {
+			errfd = os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[1]), "errfd")
+		}
 		fd = &pipefd{
-			fd: os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[0]), "replyfd"),
-			id: uint(reply.PipeID),
+			datafd: os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[0]), "replyfd"),
+			id:     uint(reply.PipeID),
+			errfd:  errfd,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -149,7 +168,7 @@ func (p *proxy) callReadAllBytes(method string, args []any) (rval any, buf []byt
 	}
 	fetchchan := make(chan byteFetch)
 	go func() {
-		manifestBytes, err := io.ReadAll(fd.fd)
+		manifestBytes, err := io.ReadAll(fd.datafd)
 		fetchchan <- byteFetch{
 			content: manifestBytes,
 			err:     err,
@@ -173,6 +192,80 @@ func (p *proxy) callReadAllBytes(method string, args []any) (rval any, buf []byt
 	return
 }
 
+type proxyError struct {
+	Code    string `json:"code"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+func (p *proxy) callGetRawBlob(args []any) (rval any, buf []byte, err error) {
+	var fd *pipefd
+	rval, fd, err = p.call("GetRawBlob", args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if fd == nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected fds from method GetRawBlob")
+		return
+	}
+	if fd.errfd == nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected errfd from method GetRawBlob")
+		return
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	fetchchan := make(chan byteFetch, 1)
+	errchan := make(chan proxyError, 1)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		defer close(fetchchan)
+		defer fd.datafd.Close()
+		buf, err := io.ReadAll(fd.datafd)
+		fetchchan <- byteFetch{
+			content: buf,
+			err:     err,
+		}
+
+	}()
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		defer fd.errfd.Close()
+		defer close(errchan)
+		buf, err := io.ReadAll(fd.errfd)
+		var proxyErr proxyError
+		if err != nil {
+			proxyErr.Code = "read-from-proxy"
+			proxyErr.Message = err.Error()
+			errchan <- proxyErr
+			return
+		}
+		// No error, leave code+message unset
+		if len(buf) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(buf, &proxyErr)
+		// Shouldn't happen
+		if unmarshalErr != nil {
+			panic(unmarshalErr)
+		}
+		errchan <- proxyErr
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	errMsg := <-errchan
+	if errMsg.Code != "" {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("(%s) %s", errMsg.Code, errMsg.Message)
+	}
+	fetchRes := <-fetchchan
+	err = fetchRes.err
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf = fetchRes.content
+	return
+}
+
 func newProxy() (*proxy, error) {
 	fds, err := syscall.Socketpair(syscall.AF_LOCAL, syscall.SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -229,7 +322,8 @@ type byteFetch struct {
 	err     error
 }
 
-func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
+// This exercises all the metadata fetching APIs.
+func runTestMetadataAPIs(p *proxy, img string) error {
 	v, err := p.callNoFd("OpenImage", []any{img})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -291,6 +385,19 @@ func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("No CMD or ENTRYPOINT set")
 	}
 
+	_, layerInfoBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetLayerInfoPiped", []any{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var layerInfoBytesData []interface{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal(layerInfoBytes, &layerInfoBytesData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(layerInfoBytesData) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected layer info data")
+	}
+
 	// Also test this legacy interface
 	_, ctrconfigBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetConfig", []any{imgid})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -332,18 +439,57 @@ func runTestOpenImageOptionalNotFound(p *proxy, img string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *proxySuite) TestProxy() {
+func runTestGetBlob(p *proxy, img string) error {
+	imgid, err := p.callNoFd("OpenImage", []any{img})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, manifestBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetManifest", []any{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	mfest, err := manifest.OCI1FromManifest(manifestBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, layer := range mfest.Layers {
+		_, blobBytes, err := p.callGetRawBlob([]any{imgid, layer.Digest})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(blobBytes) != int(layer.Size) {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Expected %d bytes, got %d", layer.Size, len(blobBytes)))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// echo "not a valid layer" | sha256sum
+	invalidDigest := "sha256:21a9aab5a3494674d2b4d8e7381c236a799384dd10545531014606cf652c119f"
+
+	_, blobBytes, err := p.callGetRawBlob([]any{imgid, invalidDigest})
+	if err == nil {
+		panic("Expected error fetching invalid blob")
+	}
+	if blobBytes != nil {
+		panic("Expected no bytes fetching invalid blob")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *proxySuite) TestProxyMetadata() {
 	t := s.T()
 	p, err := newProxy()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	err = runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p, knownNotManifestListedImageX8664)
+	err = runTestMetadataAPIs(p, knownNotManifestListedImageX8664)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing image %s: %v", knownNotManifestListedImageX8664, err)
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	err = runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p, knownListImage)
+	err = runTestMetadataAPIs(p, knownListImage)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing image %s: %v", knownListImage, err)
 	}
@@ -355,3 +501,15 @@ func (s *proxySuite) TestProxy() {
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
+
+func (s *proxySuite) TestProxyGetBlob() {
+	t := s.T()
+	p, err := newProxy()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = runTestGetBlob(p, knownListImage)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing GetBLob for %s: %v", knownListImage, err)
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}

plans/main.fmf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+discover:
+    how: fmf
+execute:
+    how: tmt
+prepare:
+    - when: distro == centos-stream or distro == rhel
+      how: shell
+      script: |
+        dnf -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-$(rpm --eval '%{?rhel}').noarch.rpm
+        dnf -y config-manager --set-enabled epel
+      order: 10
+    - when: initiator == packit
+      how: shell
+      script: |
+        COPR_REPO_FILE="/etc/yum.repos.d/*podman-next*.repo"
+        if compgen -G $COPR_REPO_FILE > /dev/null; then
+            sed -i -n '/^priority=/!p;$apriority=1' $COPR_REPO_FILE
+        fi
+        dnf -y upgrade --allowerasing
+      order: 20

rpm/gating.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+--- !Policy
+product_versions:
+  - fedora-*
+decision_context:
+  - bodhi_update_push_stable
+  - bodhi_update_push_testing
+subject_type: koji_build
+rules:
+  - !PassingTestCaseRule {test_case_name: fedora-ci.koji-build.tier0.functional}
+
+--- !Policy
+product_versions:
+  - rhel-*
+decision_context: osci_compose_gate
+rules:
+  - !PassingTestCaseRule {test_case_name: osci.brew-build.tier0.functional}

rpm/skopeo.spec

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 # Copr builds set a separate epoch for all environments
 %if %{defined fedora}
 %define conditional_epoch 1
+%define fakeroot 1
 %else
 %define conditional_epoch 2
 %endif
@@ -72,12 +73,14 @@ Requires: containers-common >= 4:1-21
 Command line utility to inspect images and repositories directly on Docker
 registries without the need to pull them
 
+# NOTE: The tests subpackage is only intended for testing and will not be supported
+# for end-users and/or customers.
 %package tests
 Summary: Tests for %{name}
 
 Requires: %{name} = %{epoch}:%{version}-%{release}
-%if %{defined fedora}
 Requires: bats
+%if %{defined fakeroot}
 Requires: fakeroot
 %endif
 Requires: gnupg
@@ -117,9 +120,9 @@ export CGO_CFLAGS="$CGO_CFLAGS -m64 -mtune=generic -fcf-protection=full"
 
 BASEBUILDTAGS="$(hack/libsubid_tag.sh)"
 %if %{defined build_with_btrfs}
-export BUILDTAGS="$BASEBUILDTAGS $(hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)"
+export BUILDTAGS="$BASEBUILDTAGS $(hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)"
 %else
-export BUILDTAGS="$BASEBUILDTAGS btrfs_noversion exclude_graphdriver_btrfs"
+export BUILDTAGS="$BASEBUILDTAGS exclude_graphdriver_btrfs"
 %endif
 
 %if %{defined fips}

systemtest/tmt/main.fmf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require:
+    - bats
+    - skopeo-tests
+
+environment:
+    SKOPEO_BINARY: /usr/bin/skopeo
+
+summary: System test
+test: bash ./test.sh
+duration: 60m

systemtest/tmt/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -exo pipefail
+
+uname -r
+
+rpm -q \
+    bats \
+    containers-common \
+    skopeo \
+    skopeo-tests \
+
+bats /usr/share/skopeo/test/system

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ reflection interface similar to Go's standard library `json` and `xml` packages.
 
 Compatible with TOML version [v1.0.0](https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0).
 
-Documentation: https://godocs.io/github.com/BurntSushi/toml
+Documentation: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/BurntSushi/toml
 
 See the [releases page](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml/releases) for a
 changelog; this information is also in the git tag annotations (e.g. `git show

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/decode.go

@@ -196,6 +196,19 @@ func (md *MetaData) PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v any) error {
 	return md.unify(primValue.undecoded, rvalue(v))
 }
 
+// markDecodedRecursive is a helper to mark any key under the given tmap as
+// decoded, recursing as needed
+func markDecodedRecursive(md *MetaData, tmap map[string]any) {
+	for key := range tmap {
+		md.decoded[md.context.add(key).String()] = struct{}{}
+		if tmap, ok := tmap[key].(map[string]any); ok {
+			md.context = append(md.context, key)
+			markDecodedRecursive(md, tmap)
+			md.context = md.context[0 : len(md.context)-1]
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // unify performs a sort of type unification based on the structure of `rv`,
 // which is the client representation.
 //
@@ -222,6 +235,16 @@ func (md *MetaData) unify(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return md.parseErr(err)
 		}
+		// Assume the Unmarshaler decoded everything, so mark all keys under
+		// this table as decoded.
+		if tmap, ok := data.(map[string]any); ok {
+			markDecodedRecursive(md, tmap)
+		}
+		if aot, ok := data.([]map[string]any); ok {
+			for _, tmap := range aot {
+				markDecodedRecursive(md, tmap)
+			}
+		}
 		return nil
 	}
 	if v, ok := rvi.(encoding.TextUnmarshaler); ok {
@@ -540,12 +563,14 @@ func (md *MetaData) badtype(dst string, data any) error {
 
 func (md *MetaData) parseErr(err error) error {
 	k := md.context.String()
+	d := string(md.data)
 	return ParseError{
-		LastKey:  k,
-		Position: md.keyInfo[k].pos,
-		Line:     md.keyInfo[k].pos.Line,
+		Message:  err.Error(),
 		err:      err,
-		input:    string(md.data),
+		LastKey:  k,
+		Position: md.keyInfo[k].pos.withCol(d),
+		Line:     md.keyInfo[k].pos.Line,
+		input:    d,
 	}
 }
 

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/encode.go

@@ -402,31 +402,30 @@ func (enc *Encoder) eMap(key Key, rv reflect.Value, inline bool) {
 
 	// Sort keys so that we have deterministic output. And write keys directly
 	// underneath this key first, before writing sub-structs or sub-maps.
-	var mapKeysDirect, mapKeysSub []string
+	var mapKeysDirect, mapKeysSub []reflect.Value
 	for _, mapKey := range rv.MapKeys() {
-		k := mapKey.String()
 		if typeIsTable(tomlTypeOfGo(eindirect(rv.MapIndex(mapKey)))) {
-			mapKeysSub = append(mapKeysSub, k)
+			mapKeysSub = append(mapKeysSub, mapKey)
 		} else {
-			mapKeysDirect = append(mapKeysDirect, k)
+			mapKeysDirect = append(mapKeysDirect, mapKey)
 		}
 	}
 
-	var writeMapKeys = func(mapKeys []string, trailC bool) {
-		sort.Strings(mapKeys)
+	writeMapKeys := func(mapKeys []reflect.Value, trailC bool) {
+		sort.Slice(mapKeys, func(i, j int) bool { return mapKeys[i].String() < mapKeys[j].String() })
 		for i, mapKey := range mapKeys {
-			val := eindirect(rv.MapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(mapKey)))
+			val := eindirect(rv.MapIndex(mapKey))
 			if isNil(val) {
 				continue
 			}
 
 			if inline {
-				enc.writeKeyValue(Key{mapKey}, val, true)
+				enc.writeKeyValue(Key{mapKey.String()}, val, true)
 				if trailC || i != len(mapKeys)-1 {
 					enc.wf(", ")
 				}
 			} else {
-				enc.encode(key.add(mapKey), val)
+				enc.encode(key.add(mapKey.String()), val)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -441,8 +440,6 @@ func (enc *Encoder) eMap(key Key, rv reflect.Value, inline bool) {
 	}
 }
 
-const is32Bit = (32 << (^uint(0) >> 63)) == 32
-
 func pointerTo(t reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
 	if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 		return pointerTo(t.Elem())
@@ -477,15 +474,14 @@ func (enc *Encoder) eStruct(key Key, rv reflect.Value, inline bool) {
 
 			frv := eindirect(rv.Field(i))
 
-			if is32Bit {
-				// Copy so it works correct on 32bit archs; not clear why this
-				// is needed. See #314, and https://www.reddit.com/r/golang/comments/pnx8v4
-				// This also works fine on 64bit, but 32bit archs are somewhat
-				// rare and this is a wee bit faster.
-				copyStart := make([]int, len(start))
-				copy(copyStart, start)
-				start = copyStart
-			}
+			// Need to make a copy because ... ehm, I don't know why... I guess
+			// allocating a new array can cause it to fail(?)
+			//
+			// Done for: https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml/issues/430
+			// Previously only on 32bit for: https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml/issues/314
+			copyStart := make([]int, len(start))
+			copy(copyStart, start)
+			start = copyStart
 
 			// Treat anonymous struct fields with tag names as though they are
 			// not anonymous, like encoding/json does.
@@ -507,7 +503,7 @@ func (enc *Encoder) eStruct(key Key, rv reflect.Value, inline bool) {
 	}
 	addFields(rt, rv, nil)
 
-	writeFields := func(fields [][]int) {
+	writeFields := func(fields [][]int, totalFields int) {
 		for _, fieldIndex := range fields {
 			fieldType := rt.FieldByIndex(fieldIndex)
 			fieldVal := rv.FieldByIndex(fieldIndex)
@@ -537,7 +533,7 @@ func (enc *Encoder) eStruct(key Key, rv reflect.Value, inline bool) {
 
 			if inline {
 				enc.writeKeyValue(Key{keyName}, fieldVal, true)
-				if fieldIndex[0] != len(fields)-1 {
+				if fieldIndex[0] != totalFields-1 {
 					enc.wf(", ")
 				}
 			} else {
@@ -549,8 +545,10 @@ func (enc *Encoder) eStruct(key Key, rv reflect.Value, inline bool) {
 	if inline {
 		enc.wf("{")
 	}
-	writeFields(fieldsDirect)
-	writeFields(fieldsSub)
+
+	l := len(fieldsDirect) + len(fieldsSub)
+	writeFields(fieldsDirect, l)
+	writeFields(fieldsSub, l)
 	if inline {
 		enc.wf("}")
 	}

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/error.go

@@ -67,21 +67,36 @@ type ParseError struct {
 // Position of an error.
 type Position struct {
 	Line  int // Line number, starting at 1.
+	Col   int // Error column, starting at 1.
 	Start int // Start of error, as byte offset starting at 0.
-	Len   int // Lenght in bytes.
+	Len   int // Length of the error in bytes.
+}
+
+func (p Position) withCol(tomlFile string) Position {
+	var (
+		pos   int
+		lines = strings.Split(tomlFile, "\n")
+	)
+	for i := range lines {
+		ll := len(lines[i]) + 1 // +1 for the removed newline
+		if pos+ll >= p.Start {
+			p.Col = p.Start - pos + 1
+			if p.Col < 1 { // Should never happen, but just in case.
+				p.Col = 1
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		pos += ll
+	}
+	return p
 }
 
 func (pe ParseError) Error() string {
-	msg := pe.Message
-	if msg == "" { // Error from errorf()
-		msg = pe.err.Error()
-	}
-
 	if pe.LastKey == "" {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("toml: line %d: %s", pe.Position.Line, msg)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("toml: line %d: %s", pe.Position.Line, pe.Message)
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("toml: line %d (last key %q): %s",
-		pe.Position.Line, pe.LastKey, msg)
+		pe.Position.Line, pe.LastKey, pe.Message)
 }
 
 // ErrorWithPosition returns the error with detailed location context.
@@ -92,26 +107,19 @@ func (pe ParseError) ErrorWithPosition() string {
 		return pe.Error()
 	}
 
-	var (
-		lines = strings.Split(pe.input, "\n")
-		col   = pe.column(lines)
-		b     = new(strings.Builder)
-	)
-
-	msg := pe.Message
-	if msg == "" {
-		msg = pe.err.Error()
-	}
-
 	// TODO: don't show control characters as literals? This may not show up
 	// well everywhere.
 
+	var (
+		lines = strings.Split(pe.input, "\n")
+		b     = new(strings.Builder)
+	)
 	if pe.Position.Len == 1 {
 		fmt.Fprintf(b, "toml: error: %s\n\nAt line %d, column %d:\n\n",
-			msg, pe.Position.Line, col+1)
+			pe.Message, pe.Position.Line, pe.Position.Col)
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(b, "toml: error: %s\n\nAt line %d, column %d-%d:\n\n",
-			msg, pe.Position.Line, col, col+pe.Position.Len)
+			pe.Message, pe.Position.Line, pe.Position.Col, pe.Position.Col+pe.Position.Len-1)
 	}
 	if pe.Position.Line > 2 {
 		fmt.Fprintf(b, "% 7d | %s\n", pe.Position.Line-2, expandTab(lines[pe.Position.Line-3]))
@@ -129,7 +137,7 @@ func (pe ParseError) ErrorWithPosition() string {
 	diff := len(expanded) - len(lines[pe.Position.Line-1])
 
 	fmt.Fprintf(b, "% 7d | %s\n", pe.Position.Line, expanded)
-	fmt.Fprintf(b, "% 10s%s%s\n", "", strings.Repeat(" ", col+diff), strings.Repeat("^", pe.Position.Len))
+	fmt.Fprintf(b, "% 10s%s%s\n", "", strings.Repeat(" ", pe.Position.Col-1+diff), strings.Repeat("^", pe.Position.Len))
 	return b.String()
 }
 
@@ -151,23 +159,6 @@ func (pe ParseError) ErrorWithUsage() string {
 	return m
 }
 
-func (pe ParseError) column(lines []string) int {
-	var pos, col int
-	for i := range lines {
-		ll := len(lines[i]) + 1 // +1 for the removed newline
-		if pos+ll >= pe.Position.Start {
-			col = pe.Position.Start - pos
-			if col < 0 { // Should never happen, but just in case.
-				col = 0
-			}
-			break
-		}
-		pos += ll
-	}
-
-	return col
-}
-
 func expandTab(s string) string {
 	var (
 		b    strings.Builder

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/lex.go

@@ -275,7 +275,9 @@ func (lx *lexer) errorPos(start, length int, err error) stateFn {
 func (lx *lexer) errorf(format string, values ...any) stateFn {
 	if lx.atEOF {
 		pos := lx.getPos()
-		pos.Line--
+		if lx.pos >= 1 && lx.input[lx.pos-1] == '\n' {
+			pos.Line--
+		}
 		pos.Len = 1
 		pos.Start = lx.pos - 1
 		lx.items <- item{typ: itemError, pos: pos, err: fmt.Errorf(format, values...)}
@@ -492,6 +494,9 @@ func lexKeyEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
 		lx.emit(itemKeyEnd)
 		return lexSkip(lx, lexValue)
 	default:
+		if r == '\n' {
+			return lx.errorPrevLine(fmt.Errorf("expected '.' or '=', but got %q instead", r))
+		}
 		return lx.errorf("expected '.' or '=', but got %q instead", r)
 	}
 }
@@ -560,6 +565,9 @@ func lexValue(lx *lexer) stateFn {
 	if r == eof {
 		return lx.errorf("unexpected EOF; expected value")
 	}
+	if r == '\n' {
+		return lx.errorPrevLine(fmt.Errorf("expected value but found %q instead", r))
+	}
 	return lx.errorf("expected value but found %q instead", r)
 }
 
@@ -1111,7 +1119,7 @@ func lexBaseNumberOrDate(lx *lexer) stateFn {
 	case 'x':
 		r = lx.peek()
 		if !isHex(r) {
-			lx.errorf("not a hexidecimal number: '%s%c'", lx.current(), r)
+			lx.errorf("not a hexadecimal number: '%s%c'", lx.current(), r)
 		}
 		return lexHexInteger
 	}
@@ -1259,23 +1267,6 @@ func isBinary(r rune) bool { return r == '0' || r == '1' }
 func isOctal(r rune) bool  { return r >= '0' && r <= '7' }
 func isHex(r rune) bool    { return (r >= '0' && r <= '9') || (r|0x20 >= 'a' && r|0x20 <= 'f') }
 func isBareKeyChar(r rune, tomlNext bool) bool {
-	if tomlNext {
-		return (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
-			(r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') ||
-			(r >= '0' && r <= '9') ||
-			r == '_' || r == '-' ||
-			r == 0xb2 || r == 0xb3 || r == 0xb9 || (r >= 0xbc && r <= 0xbe) ||
-			(r >= 0xc0 && r <= 0xd6) || (r >= 0xd8 && r <= 0xf6) || (r >= 0xf8 && r <= 0x037d) ||
-			(r >= 0x037f && r <= 0x1fff) ||
-			(r >= 0x200c && r <= 0x200d) || (r >= 0x203f && r <= 0x2040) ||
-			(r >= 0x2070 && r <= 0x218f) || (r >= 0x2460 && r <= 0x24ff) ||
-			(r >= 0x2c00 && r <= 0x2fef) || (r >= 0x3001 && r <= 0xd7ff) ||
-			(r >= 0xf900 && r <= 0xfdcf) || (r >= 0xfdf0 && r <= 0xfffd) ||
-			(r >= 0x10000 && r <= 0xeffff)
-	}
-
-	return (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
-		(r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') ||
-		(r >= '0' && r <= '9') ||
-		r == '_' || r == '-'
+	return (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') || (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') ||
+		(r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '_' || r == '-'
 }

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/meta.go

@@ -135,9 +135,6 @@ func (k Key) maybeQuoted(i int) string {
 
 // Like append(), but only increase the cap by 1.
 func (k Key) add(piece string) Key {
-	if cap(k) > len(k) {
-		return append(k, piece)
-	}
 	newKey := make(Key, len(k)+1)
 	copy(newKey, k)
 	newKey[len(k)] = piece

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/parse.go

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ func parse(data string) (p *parser, err error) {
 	// it anyway.
 	if strings.HasPrefix(data, "\xff\xfe") || strings.HasPrefix(data, "\xfe\xff") { // UTF-16
 		data = data[2:]
-		//lint:ignore S1017 https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/issues/1447
 	} else if strings.HasPrefix(data, "\xef\xbb\xbf") { // UTF-8
 		data = data[3:]
 	}
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ func parse(data string) (p *parser, err error) {
 	if i := strings.IndexRune(data[:ex], 0); i > -1 {
 		return nil, ParseError{
 			Message:  "files cannot contain NULL bytes; probably using UTF-16; TOML files must be UTF-8",
-			Position: Position{Line: 1, Start: i, Len: 1},
+			Position: Position{Line: 1, Col: 1, Start: i, Len: 1},
 			Line:     1,
 			input:    data,
 		}
@@ -92,8 +91,9 @@ func parse(data string) (p *parser, err error) {
 
 func (p *parser) panicErr(it item, err error) {
 	panic(ParseError{
+		Message:  err.Error(),
 		err:      err,
-		Position: it.pos,
+		Position: it.pos.withCol(p.lx.input),
 		Line:     it.pos.Len,
 		LastKey:  p.current(),
 	})
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (p *parser) panicErr(it item, err error) {
 func (p *parser) panicItemf(it item, format string, v ...any) {
 	panic(ParseError{
 		Message:  fmt.Sprintf(format, v...),
-		Position: it.pos,
+		Position: it.pos.withCol(p.lx.input),
 		Line:     it.pos.Len,
 		LastKey:  p.current(),
 	})
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func (p *parser) panicItemf(it item, format string, v ...any) {
 func (p *parser) panicf(format string, v ...any) {
 	panic(ParseError{
 		Message:  fmt.Sprintf(format, v...),
-		Position: p.pos,
+		Position: p.pos.withCol(p.lx.input),
 		Line:     p.pos.Line,
 		LastKey:  p.current(),
 	})
@@ -123,10 +123,11 @@ func (p *parser) next() item {
 	if it.typ == itemError {
 		if it.err != nil {
 			panic(ParseError{
-				Position: it.pos,
+				Message:  it.err.Error(),
+				err:      it.err,
+				Position: it.pos.withCol(p.lx.input),
 				Line:     it.pos.Line,
 				LastKey:  p.current(),
-				err:      it.err,
 			})
 		}
 
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ func numUnderscoresOK(s string) bool {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// isHexis a superset of all the permissable characters surrounding an
+		// isHex is a superset of all the permissible characters surrounding an
 		// underscore.
 		accept = isHex(r)
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/common/pkg/auth/auth.go

@@ -173,10 +173,10 @@ func Login(ctx context.Context, systemContext *types.SystemContext, opts *LoginO
 	if opts.StdinPassword {
 		var stdinPasswordStrBuilder strings.Builder
 		if opts.Password != "" {
-			return errors.New("Can't specify both --password-stdin and --password")
+			return errors.New("can't specify both --password-stdin and --password")
 		}
 		if opts.Username == "" {
-			return errors.New("Must provide --username with --password-stdin")
+			return errors.New("must provide --username with --password-stdin")
 		}
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(opts.Stdin)
 		for scanner.Scan() {

vendor/github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry/retry.go

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"math"
 	"net"
+	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/errcode"
 	errcodev2 "github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/v2"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ func IfNecessary(ctx context.Context, operation func() error, options *Options)
 		logrus.Warnf("Failed, retrying in %s ... (%d/%d). Error: %v", delay, attempt+1, options.MaxRetry, err)
 		select {
 		case <-time.After(delay):
-			break
+			// Do nothing.
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return err
 		}
@@ -81,6 +83,13 @@ func IsErrorRetryable(err error) bool {
 			return false
 		}
 		return true
+	case docker.UnexpectedHTTPStatusError:
+		// Retry on 502, 502 and 503 http server errors, they appear to be quite common in the field.
+		// https://github.com/containers/common/issues/2299
+		if e.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadGateway && e.StatusCode <= http.StatusGatewayTimeout {
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
 	case *net.OpError:
 		return IsErrorRetryable(e.Err)
 	case *url.Error: // This includes errors returned by the net/http client.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/copy/copy.go

@@ -148,6 +148,13 @@ type Options struct {
 	// so that storage.ResolveReference returns exactly the created image.
 	// WARNING: It is unspecified whether the reference also contains a reference.Named element.
 	ReportResolvedReference *types.ImageReference
+
+	// DestinationTimestamp, if set, will force timestamps of content created in the destination to this value.
+	// Most transports don't support this.
+	//
+	// In oci-archive: destinations, this will set the create/mod/access timestamps in each tar entry
+	// (but not a timestamp of the created archive file).
+	DestinationTimestamp *time.Time
 }
 
 // OptionCompressionVariant allows to supply information about
@@ -354,6 +361,7 @@ func Image(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef,
 	if err := c.dest.CommitWithOptions(ctx, private.CommitOptions{
 		UnparsedToplevel:        c.unparsedToplevel,
 		ReportResolvedReference: options.ReportResolvedReference,
+		Timestamp:               options.DestinationTimestamp,
 	}); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("committing the finished image: %w", err)
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/copy/multiple.go

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func platformCompressionMap(list internalManifest.List, instanceDigests []digest
 			platformSet = set.New[string]()
 			res[platform] = platformSet
 		}
-		platformSet.AddSlice(instanceDetails.ReadOnly.CompressionAlgorithmNames)
+		platformSet.AddSeq(slices.Values(instanceDetails.ReadOnly.CompressionAlgorithmNames))
 	}
 	return res, nil
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/copy/single.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"iter"
 	"maps"
 	"reflect"
 	"slices"
@@ -328,19 +329,16 @@ func prepareImageConfigForDest(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemContext, sr
 		}
 		wantedPlatforms := platform.WantedPlatforms(sys)
 
-		options := newOrderedSet()
-		match := false
-		for _, wantedPlatform := range wantedPlatforms {
+		if !slices.ContainsFunc(wantedPlatforms, func(wantedPlatform imgspecv1.Platform) bool {
 			// For a transitional period, this might trigger warnings because the Variant
 			// field was added to OCI config only recently. If this turns out to be too noisy,
 			// revert this check to only look for (OS, Architecture).
-			if platform.MatchesPlatform(ociConfig.Platform, wantedPlatform) {
-				match = true
-				break
+			return platform.MatchesPlatform(ociConfig.Platform, wantedPlatform)
+		}) {
+			options := newOrderedSet()
+			for _, p := range wantedPlatforms {
+				options.append(fmt.Sprintf("%s+%s+%q", p.OS, p.Architecture, p.Variant))
 			}
-			options.append(fmt.Sprintf("%s+%s+%q", wantedPlatform.OS, wantedPlatform.Architecture, wantedPlatform.Variant))
-		}
-		if !match {
 			logrus.Infof("Image operating system mismatch: image uses OS %q+architecture %q+%q, expecting one of %q",
 				ociConfig.OS, ociConfig.Architecture, ociConfig.Variant, strings.Join(options.list, ", "))
 		}
@@ -420,7 +418,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) compareImageDestinationManifestEqual(ctx context.Context,
 		}
 	}
 
-	algos, err := algorithmsByNames(compressionAlgos.Values())
+	algos, err := algorithmsByNames(compressionAlgos.All())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -555,7 +553,7 @@ func (ic *imageCopier) copyLayers(ctx context.Context) ([]compressiontypes.Algor
 	if srcInfosUpdated || layerDigestsDiffer(srcInfos, destInfos) {
 		ic.manifestUpdates.LayerInfos = destInfos
 	}
-	algos, err := algorithmsByNames(compressionAlgos.Values())
+	algos, err := algorithmsByNames(compressionAlgos.All())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -991,10 +989,10 @@ func computeDiffID(stream io.Reader, decompressor compressiontypes.DecompressorF
 	return digest.Canonical.FromReader(stream)
 }
 
-// algorithmsByNames returns slice of Algorithms from slice of Algorithm Names
-func algorithmsByNames(names []string) ([]compressiontypes.Algorithm, error) {
+// algorithmsByNames returns slice of Algorithms from a sequence of Algorithm Names
+func algorithmsByNames(names iter.Seq[string]) ([]compressiontypes.Algorithm, error) {
 	result := []compressiontypes.Algorithm{}
-	for _, name := range names {
+	for name := range names {
 		algo, err := compression.AlgorithmByName(name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/archive/transport.go

@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ func NewReference(path string, ref reference.NamedTagged) (types.ImageReference,
 
 // NewIndexReference returns a Docker archive reference for a path and a zero-based source manifest index.
 func NewIndexReference(path string, sourceIndex int) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	if sourceIndex < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid call to NewIndexReference with negative index %d", sourceIndex)
+	}
 	return newReference(path, nil, sourceIndex, nil, nil)
 }
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/body_reader.go

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ type bodyReader struct {
 
 	body            io.ReadCloser // The currently open connection we use to read data, or nil if there is nothing to read from / close.
 	lastRetryOffset int64         // -1 if N/A
-	lastRetryTime   time.Time     // time.Time{} if N/A
+	lastRetryTime   time.Time     // IsZero() if N/A
 	offset          int64         // Current offset within the blob
-	lastSuccessTime time.Time     // time.Time{} if N/A
+	lastSuccessTime time.Time     // IsZero() if N/A
 }
 
 // newBodyReader creates a bodyReader for request path in c.
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ func (br *bodyReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
 }
 
 // millisecondsSinceOptional is like currentTime.Sub(tm).Milliseconds, but it returns a floating-point value.
-// If tm is time.Time{}, it returns math.NaN()
+// If tm.IsZero(), it returns math.NaN()
 func millisecondsSinceOptional(currentTime time.Time, tm time.Time) float64 {
-	if tm == (time.Time{}) {
+	if tm.IsZero() {
 		return math.NaN()
 	}
 	return float64(currentTime.Sub(tm).Nanoseconds()) / 1_000_000.0
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func (br *bodyReader) errorIfNotReconnecting(originalErr error, redactedURL stri
 		logrus.Infof("Reading blob body from %s failed (%v), reconnecting after %d bytes…", redactedURL, originalErr, progress)
 		return nil
 	}
-	if br.lastRetryTime == (time.Time{}) {
+	if br.lastRetryTime.IsZero() {
 		logrus.Infof("Reading blob body from %s failed (%v), reconnecting (first reconnection)…", redactedURL, originalErr)
 		return nil
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/daemon/daemon_dest.go

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func imageLoadGoroutine(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, reader *io.PipeRe
 
 // imageLoad accepts tar stream on reader and sends it to c
 func imageLoad(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, reader *io.PipeReader) error {
-	resp, err := c.ImageLoad(ctx, reader, true)
+	resp, err := c.ImageLoad(ctx, reader, client.ImageLoadWithQuiet(true))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("starting a load operation in docker engine: %w", err)
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/daemon/daemon_transport.go

@@ -87,10 +87,13 @@ func ParseReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 
 // NewReference returns a docker-daemon reference for either the supplied image ID (config digest) or the supplied reference (which must satisfy !reference.IsNameOnly)
 func NewReference(id digest.Digest, ref reference.Named) (types.ImageReference, error) {
-	if id != "" && ref != nil {
+	switch {
+	case id != "" && ref != nil:
 		return nil, errors.New("docker-daemon: reference must not have an image ID and a reference string specified at the same time")
-	}
-	if ref != nil {
+	case id == "" && ref == nil:
+		return nil, errors.New("docker-daemon: reference must have at least one of an image ID and a reference string")
+
+	case ref != nil:
 		if reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker-daemon: reference %s has neither a tag nor a digest", reference.FamiliarString(ref))
 		}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/distribution_error.go

@@ -30,14 +30,25 @@ import (
 // errcode.Errors slice.
 var errNoErrorsInBody = errors.New("no error details found in HTTP response body")
 
-// unexpectedHTTPStatusError is returned when an unexpected HTTP status is
+// UnexpectedHTTPStatusError is returned when an unexpected HTTP status is
 // returned when making a registry api call.
-type unexpectedHTTPStatusError struct {
-	Status string
+type UnexpectedHTTPStatusError struct {
+	// StatusCode code as returned from the server, so callers can
+	// match the exact code to make certain decisions if needed.
+	StatusCode int
+	// status text as displayed in the error message, not exposed as callers should match the number.
+	status string
 }
 
-func (e *unexpectedHTTPStatusError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("received unexpected HTTP status: %s", e.Status)
+func (e UnexpectedHTTPStatusError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("received unexpected HTTP status: %s", e.status)
+}
+
+func newUnexpectedHTTPStatusError(resp *http.Response) UnexpectedHTTPStatusError {
+	return UnexpectedHTTPStatusError{
+		StatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
+		status:     resp.Status,
+	}
 }
 
 // unexpectedHTTPResponseError is returned when an expected HTTP status code
@@ -117,7 +128,7 @@ func handleErrorResponse(resp *http.Response) error {
 	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized:
 		// Check for OAuth errors within the `WWW-Authenticate` header first
 		// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750#section-3
-		for _, c := range parseAuthHeader(resp.Header) {
+		for c := range iterateAuthHeader(resp.Header) {
 			if c.Scheme == "bearer" {
 				var err errcode.Error
 				// codes defined at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750#section-3.1
@@ -146,5 +157,5 @@ func handleErrorResponse(resp *http.Response) error {
 		}
 		return err
 	}
-	return &unexpectedHTTPStatusError{Status: resp.Status}
+	return newUnexpectedHTTPStatusError(resp)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/docker_client.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -475,12 +476,11 @@ func (c *dockerClient) resolveRequestURL(path string) (*url.URL, error) {
 }
 
 // Checks if the auth headers in the response contain an indication of a failed
-// authorizdation because of an "insufficient_scope" error. If that's the case,
+// authorization because of an "insufficient_scope" error. If that's the case,
 // returns the required scope to be used for fetching a new token.
 func needsRetryWithUpdatedScope(res *http.Response) (bool, *authScope) {
 	if res.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
-		challenges := parseAuthHeader(res.Header)
-		for _, challenge := range challenges {
+		for challenge := range iterateAuthHeader(res.Header) {
 			if challenge.Scheme == "bearer" {
 				if errmsg, ok := challenge.Parameters["error"]; ok && errmsg == "insufficient_scope" {
 					if scope, ok := challenge.Parameters["scope"]; ok && scope != "" {
@@ -907,6 +907,10 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	tr := tlsclientconfig.NewTransport()
 	tr.TLSClientConfig = c.tlsClientConfig
+	// if set DockerProxyURL explicitly, use the DockerProxyURL instead of system proxy
+	if c.sys != nil && c.sys.DockerProxyURL != nil {
+		tr.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(c.sys.DockerProxyURL)
+	}
 	c.client = &http.Client{Transport: tr}
 
 	ping := func(scheme string) error {
@@ -924,7 +928,7 @@ func (c *dockerClient) detectPropertiesHelper(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusUnauthorized {
 			return registryHTTPResponseToError(resp)
 		}
-		c.challenges = parseAuthHeader(resp.Header)
+		c.challenges = slices.Collect(iterateAuthHeader(resp.Header))
 		c.scheme = scheme
 		c.supportsSignatures = resp.Header.Get("X-Registry-Supports-Signatures") == "1"
 		return nil
@@ -992,13 +996,18 @@ func (c *dockerClient) getExternalBlob(ctx context.Context, urls []string) (io.R
 			continue
 		}
 		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			err := fmt.Errorf("error fetching external blob from %q: %d (%s)", u, resp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode))
+			err := fmt.Errorf("error fetching external blob from %q: %w", u, newUnexpectedHTTPStatusError(resp))
 			remoteErrors = append(remoteErrors, err)
 			logrus.Debug(err)
 			resp.Body.Close()
 			continue
 		}
-		return resp.Body, getBlobSize(resp), nil
+
+		size, err := getBlobSize(resp)
+		if err != nil {
+			size = -1
+		}
+		return resp.Body, size, nil
 	}
 	if remoteErrors == nil {
 		return nil, 0, nil // fallback to non-external blob
@@ -1006,12 +1015,20 @@ func (c *dockerClient) getExternalBlob(ctx context.Context, urls []string) (io.R
 	return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed fetching external blob from all urls: %w", multierr.Format("", ", ", "", remoteErrors))
 }
 
-func getBlobSize(resp *http.Response) int64 {
-	size, err := strconv.ParseInt(resp.Header.Get("Content-Length"), 10, 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		size = -1
+func getBlobSize(resp *http.Response) (int64, error) {
+	hdrs := resp.Header.Values("Content-Length")
+	if len(hdrs) == 0 {
+		return -1, errors.New(`Missing "Content-Length" header in response`)
 	}
-	return size
+	hdr := hdrs[0] // Equivalent to resp.Header.Get(…)
+	size, err := strconv.ParseInt(hdr, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil { // Go’s response reader should already reject such values.
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	if size < 0 { // '-' is not a valid character in Content-Length, so negative values are invalid. Go’s response reader should already reject such values.
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf(`Invalid negative "Content-Length" %q`, hdr)
+	}
+	return size, nil
 }
 
 // getBlob returns a stream for the specified blob in ref, and the blob’s size (or -1 if unknown).
@@ -1042,7 +1059,10 @@ func (c *dockerClient) getBlob(ctx context.Context, ref dockerReference, info ty
 		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("fetching blob: %w", err)
 	}
 	cache.RecordKnownLocation(ref.Transport(), bicTransportScope(ref), info.Digest, newBICLocationReference(ref))
-	blobSize := getBlobSize(res)
+	blobSize, err := getBlobSize(res)
+	if err != nil {
+		blobSize = -1
+	}
 
 	reconnectingReader, err := newBodyReader(ctx, c, path, res.Body)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/docker_image_dest.go

@@ -243,8 +243,12 @@ func (d *dockerImageDestination) blobExists(ctx context.Context, repo reference.
 	defer res.Body.Close()
 	switch res.StatusCode {
 	case http.StatusOK:
+		size, err := getBlobSize(res)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, -1, fmt.Errorf("determining size of blob %s in %s: %w", digest, repo.Name(), err)
+		}
 		logrus.Debugf("... already exists")
-		return true, getBlobSize(res), nil
+		return true, size, nil
 	case http.StatusUnauthorized:
 		logrus.Debugf("... not authorized")
 		return false, -1, fmt.Errorf("checking whether a blob %s exists in %s: %w", digest, repo.Name(), registryHTTPResponseToError(res))

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/docker_image_src.go

@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ func (s *dockerImageSource) getOneSignature(ctx context.Context, sigURL *url.URL
 			logrus.Debugf("... got status 404, as expected = end of signatures")
 			return nil, true, nil
 		} else if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("reading signature from %s: status %d (%s)", sigURL.Redacted(), res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("reading signature from %s: %w", sigURL.Redacted(), newUnexpectedHTTPStatusError(res))
 		}
 
 		contentType := res.Header.Get("Content-Type")

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/errors.go

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ func httpResponseToError(res *http.Response, context string) error {
 		err := registryHTTPResponseToError(res)
 		return ErrUnauthorizedForCredentials{Err: err}
 	default:
-		if context != "" {
-			context += ": "
+		if context == "" {
+			return newUnexpectedHTTPStatusError(res)
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("%sinvalid status code from registry %d (%s)", context, res.StatusCode, http.StatusText(res.StatusCode))
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", context, newUnexpectedHTTPStatusError(res))
 	}
 }
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/internal/tarfile/writer.go

@@ -242,9 +242,7 @@ func (w *Writer) ensureManifestItemLocked(layerDescriptors []manifest.Schema2Des
 	}
 
 	knownRepoTags := set.New[string]()
-	for _, repoTag := range item.RepoTags {
-		knownRepoTags.Add(repoTag)
-	}
+	knownRepoTags.AddSeq(slices.Values(item.RepoTags))
 	for _, tag := range repoTags {
 		// For github.com/docker/docker consumers, this works just as well as
 		//   refString := ref.String()

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/paths_common.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !freebsd
-// +build !freebsd
 
 package docker
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/paths_freebsd.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build freebsd
-// +build freebsd
 
 package docker
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/wwwauthenticate.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package docker
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"iter"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -60,15 +61,17 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
-func parseAuthHeader(header http.Header) []challenge {
-	challenges := []challenge{}
-	for _, h := range header[http.CanonicalHeaderKey("WWW-Authenticate")] {
-		v, p := parseValueAndParams(h)
-		if v != "" {
-			challenges = append(challenges, challenge{Scheme: v, Parameters: p})
+func iterateAuthHeader(header http.Header) iter.Seq[challenge] {
+	return func(yield func(challenge) bool) {
+		for _, h := range header[http.CanonicalHeaderKey("WWW-Authenticate")] {
+			v, p := parseValueAndParams(h)
+			if v != "" {
+				if !yield(challenge{Scheme: v, Parameters: p}) {
+					return
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return challenges
 }
 
 // parseAuthScope parses an authentication scope string of the form `$resource:$remote:$actions`

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/image/unparsed.go

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ type UnparsedImage = image.UnparsedImage
 // UnparsedInstance returns a types.UnparsedImage implementation for (source, instanceDigest).
 // If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve (when the primary manifest is a manifest list).
 //
+// This implementation of [types.UnparsedImage] ensures that [types.UnparsedImage.Manifest] validates the image
+// against instanceDigest if set, or, if not, a digest implied by src.Reference, if any.
+//
 // The UnparsedImage must not be used after the underlying ImageSource is Close()d.
 func UnparsedInstance(src types.ImageSource, instanceDigest *digest.Digest) *UnparsedImage {
 	return image.UnparsedInstance(src, instanceDigest)
@@ -33,6 +36,9 @@ func (uwr *unparsedWithRef) Reference() types.ImageReference {
 // UnparsedInstanceWithReference returns a types.UnparsedImage for wrappedInstance which claims to be a replacementRef.
 // This is useful for combining image data with other reference values, e.g. to check signatures on a locally-pulled image
 // based on a remote-registry policy.
+//
+// For the purposes of digest validation in [types.UnparsedImage.Manifest], what matters is the
+// reference originally used to create wrappedInstance, not replacementRef.
 func UnparsedInstanceWithReference(wrappedInstance types.UnparsedImage, replacementRef types.ImageReference) types.UnparsedImage {
 	return &unparsedWithRef{
 		UnparsedImage: unparsedimage.FromPublic(wrappedInstance),

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/image/unparsed.go

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ type UnparsedImage struct {
 // UnparsedInstance returns a types.UnparsedImage implementation for (source, instanceDigest).
 // If instanceDigest is not nil, it contains a digest of the specific manifest instance to retrieve (when the primary manifest is a manifest list).
 //
+// This implementation of [types.UnparsedImage] ensures that [types.UnparsedImage.Manifest] validates the image
+// against instanceDigest if set, or, if not, a digest implied by src.Reference, if any.
+//
 // The UnparsedImage must not be used after the underlying ImageSource is Close()d.
 //
 // This is publicly visible as c/image/image.UnparsedInstance.
@@ -48,6 +51,9 @@ func (i *UnparsedImage) Reference() types.ImageReference {
 }
 
 // Manifest is like ImageSource.GetManifest, but the result is cached; it is OK to call this however often you need.
+//
+// Users of UnparsedImage are promised that this validates the image
+// against either i.instanceDigest if set, or against a digest included in i.src.Reference.
 func (i *UnparsedImage) Manifest(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, string, error) {
 	if i.cachedManifest == nil {
 		m, mt, err := i.src.GetManifest(ctx, i.instanceDigest)

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/manifest/oci_index.go

@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@ type instanceCandidate struct {
 	digest           digest.Digest // Instance digest
 }
 
-func (ic instanceCandidate) isPreferredOver(other *instanceCandidate, preferGzip bool) bool {
+func (ic instanceCandidate) isPreferredOver(other *instanceCandidate, preferGzip types.OptionalBool) bool {
 	switch {
 	case ic.platformIndex != other.platformIndex:
 		return ic.platformIndex < other.platformIndex
 	case ic.isZstd != other.isZstd:
-		if !preferGzip {
+		if preferGzip != types.OptionalBoolTrue {
 			return ic.isZstd
 		} else {
 			return !ic.isZstd
@@ -232,10 +232,6 @@ func (ic instanceCandidate) isPreferredOver(other *instanceCandidate, preferGzip
 // chooseInstance is a private equivalent to ChooseInstanceByCompression,
 // shared by ChooseInstance and ChooseInstanceByCompression.
 func (index *OCI1IndexPublic) chooseInstance(ctx *types.SystemContext, preferGzip types.OptionalBool) (digest.Digest, error) {
-	didPreferGzip := false
-	if preferGzip == types.OptionalBoolTrue {
-		didPreferGzip = true
-	}
 	wantedPlatforms := platform.WantedPlatforms(ctx)
 	var bestMatch *instanceCandidate
 	bestMatch = nil
@@ -251,7 +247,7 @@ func (index *OCI1IndexPublic) chooseInstance(ctx *types.SystemContext, preferGzi
 			}
 			candidate.platformIndex = platformIndex
 		}
-		if bestMatch == nil || candidate.isPreferredOver(bestMatch, didPreferGzip) {
+		if bestMatch == nil || candidate.isPreferredOver(bestMatch, preferGzip) {
 			bestMatch = &candidate
 		}
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/private/private.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package private
 import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/blobinfocache"
@@ -170,6 +171,12 @@ type CommitOptions struct {
 	// What “resolved” means is transport-specific.
 	// Transports which don’t support reporting resolved references can ignore the field; the generic copy code writes "nil" into the value.
 	ReportResolvedReference *types.ImageReference
+	// Timestamp, if set, will force timestamps of content created in the destination to this value.
+	// Most transports don't support this.
+	//
+	// In oci-archive: destinations, this will set the create/mod/access timestamps in each tar entry
+	// (but not a timestamp of the created archive file).
+	Timestamp *time.Time
 }
 
 // ImageSourceChunk is a portion of a blob.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/reflink/reflink_linux.go

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux
-
-package reflink
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"os"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// LinkOrCopy attempts to reflink the source to the destination fd.
-// If reflinking fails or is unsupported, it falls back to io.Copy().
-func LinkOrCopy(src, dst *os.File) error {
-	_, _, errno := unix.Syscall(unix.SYS_IOCTL, dst.Fd(), unix.FICLONE, src.Fd())
-	if errno == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	_, err := io.Copy(dst, src)
-	return err
-}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/set/set.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package set
 
-import "golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+import (
+	"iter"
+	"maps"
+)
 
 // FIXME:
 // - Docstrings
@@ -28,8 +31,8 @@ func (s *Set[E]) Add(v E) {
 	s.m[v] = struct{}{} // Possibly writing the same struct{}{} presence marker again.
 }
 
-func (s *Set[E]) AddSlice(slice []E) {
-	for _, v := range slice {
+func (s *Set[E]) AddSeq(seq iter.Seq[E]) {
+	for v := range seq {
 		s.Add(v)
 	}
 }
@@ -47,6 +50,6 @@ func (s *Set[E]) Empty() bool {
 	return len(s.m) == 0
 }
 
-func (s *Set[E]) Values() []E {
+func (s *Set[E]) All() iter.Seq[E] {
 	return maps.Keys(s.m)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest/docker_schema1.go

@@ -133,12 +133,12 @@ func (m *Schema1) ConfigInfo() types.BlobInfo {
 // The Digest field is guaranteed to be provided; Size may be -1.
 // WARNING: The list may contain duplicates, and they are semantically relevant.
 func (m *Schema1) LayerInfos() []LayerInfo {
-	layers := make([]LayerInfo, len(m.FSLayers))
-	for i, layer := range m.FSLayers { // NOTE: This includes empty layers (where m.History.V1Compatibility->ThrowAway)
-		layers[(len(m.FSLayers)-1)-i] = LayerInfo{
+	layers := make([]LayerInfo, 0, len(m.FSLayers))
+	for i, layer := range slices.Backward(m.FSLayers) { // NOTE: This includes empty layers (where m.History.V1Compatibility->ThrowAway)
+		layers = append(layers, LayerInfo{
 			BlobInfo:   types.BlobInfo{Digest: layer.BlobSum, Size: -1},
 			EmptyLayer: m.ExtractedV1Compatibility[i].ThrowAway,
-		}
+		})
 	}
 	return layers
 }
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ func (m *Schema1) ToSchema2Config(diffIDs []digest.Digest) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	// Build the history.
 	convertedHistory := []Schema2History{}
-	for _, compat := range m.ExtractedV1Compatibility {
+	for _, compat := range slices.Backward(m.ExtractedV1Compatibility) {
 		hitem := Schema2History{
 			Created:    compat.Created,
 			CreatedBy:  strings.Join(compat.ContainerConfig.Cmd, " "),
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ func (m *Schema1) ToSchema2Config(diffIDs []digest.Digest) ([]byte, error) {
 			Comment:    compat.Comment,
 			EmptyLayer: compat.ThrowAway,
 		}
-		convertedHistory = append([]Schema2History{hitem}, convertedHistory...)
+		convertedHistory = append(convertedHistory, hitem)
 	}
 	// Build the rootfs information.  We need the decompressed sums that we've been
 	// calculating to fill in the DiffIDs.  It's expected (but not enforced by us)

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest/oci.go

@@ -166,10 +166,11 @@ func (m *OCI1) UpdateLayerInfos(layerInfos []types.BlobInfo) error {
 // getEncryptedMediaType will return the mediatype to its encrypted counterpart and return
 // an error if the mediatype does not support encryption
 func getEncryptedMediaType(mediatype string) (string, error) {
-	if slices.Contains(strings.Split(mediatype, "+")[1:], "encrypted") {
+	parts := strings.Split(mediatype, "+")
+	if slices.Contains(parts[1:], "encrypted") {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported mediaType: %q already encrypted", mediatype)
 	}
-	unsuffixedMediatype := strings.Split(mediatype, "+")[0]
+	unsuffixedMediatype := parts[0]
 	switch unsuffixedMediatype {
 	case DockerV2Schema2LayerMediaType, imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageLayer,
 		imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageLayerNonDistributable: //nolint:staticcheck // NonDistributable layers are deprecated, but we want to continue to support manipulating pre-existing images.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/archive/oci_dest.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/imagedestination"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/imagedestination/impl"
@@ -172,16 +173,19 @@ func (d *ociArchiveImageDestination) CommitWithOptions(ctx context.Context, opti
 	src := d.tempDirRef.tempDirectory
 	// path to save tarred up file
 	dst := d.ref.resolvedFile
-	return tarDirectory(src, dst)
+	return tarDirectory(src, dst, options.Timestamp)
 }
 
 // tar converts the directory at src and saves it to dst
-func tarDirectory(src, dst string) error {
+// if contentModTimes is non-nil, tar header entries times are set to this
+func tarDirectory(src, dst string, contentModTimes *time.Time) (retErr error) {
 	// input is a stream of bytes from the archive of the directory at path
 	input, err := archive.TarWithOptions(src, &archive.TarOptions{
 		Compression: archive.Uncompressed,
 		// Don’t include the data about the user account this code is running under.
 		ChownOpts: &idtools.IDPair{UID: 0, GID: 0},
+		// override tar header timestamps
+		Timestamp: contentModTimes,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("retrieving stream of bytes from %q: %w", src, err)
@@ -193,7 +197,14 @@ func tarDirectory(src, dst string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("creating tar file %q: %w", dst, err)
 	}
-	defer outFile.Close()
+
+	// since we are writing to this file, make sure we handle errors
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := outFile.Close()
+		if retErr == nil {
+			retErr = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
 
 	// copies the contents of the directory to the tar file
 	// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using a context.Context.

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/archive/oci_transport.go

@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ func (t ociArchiveTransport) ValidatePolicyConfigurationScope(scope string) erro
 	return internal.ValidateScope(scope)
 }
 
-// ParseReference converts a string, which should not start with the ImageTransport.Name prefix, into an OCI ImageReference.
+// ParseReference converts a string, which should not start with the ImageTransport.Name prefix, into an OCI archive ImageReference.
 func ParseReference(reference string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	file, image := internal.SplitPathAndImage(reference)
 	return NewReference(file, image)
 }
 
-// NewReference returns an OCI reference for a file and a image.
+// NewReference returns an OCI archive reference for a file and an optional image name annotation (if not "").
 func NewReference(file, image string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	resolved, err := explicitfilepath.ResolvePathToFullyExplicit(file)
 	if err != nil {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout/oci_delete.go

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func (ref ociReference) getBlobsToDelete(blobsUsedByDescriptorToDelete map[diges
 //
 // So, NOTE: the blobPath() call below hard-codes "" even in calls where OCISharedBlobDirPath is set
 func (ref ociReference) deleteBlobs(blobsToDelete *set.Set[digest.Digest]) error {
-	for _, digest := range blobsToDelete.Values() {
+	for digest := range blobsToDelete.All() {
 		blobPath, err := ref.blobPath(digest, "") //Only delete in the local directory, see comment above
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func (ref ociReference) deleteReferenceFromIndex(referenceIndex int) error {
 	return saveJSON(ref.indexPath(), index)
 }
 
-func saveJSON(path string, content any) error {
+func saveJSON(path string, content any) (retErr error) {
 	// If the file already exists, get its mode to preserve it
 	var mode fs.FileMode
 	existingfi, err := os.Stat(path)
@@ -177,7 +177,13 @@ func saveJSON(path string, content any) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer file.Close()
+	// since we are writing to this file, make sure we handle errors
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := file.Close()
+		if retErr == nil {
+			retErr = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
 
 	return json.NewEncoder(file).Encode(content)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout/oci_dest.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/private"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/putblobdigest"
-	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/reflink"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/fileutils"
 	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ func (d *ociImageDestination) Close() error {
 // WARNING: The contents of stream are being verified on the fly.  Until stream.Read() returns io.EOF, the contents of the data SHOULD NOT be available
 // to any other readers for download using the supplied digest.
 // If stream.Read() at any time, ESPECIALLY at end of input, returns an error, PutBlobWithOptions MUST 1) fail, and 2) delete any data stored so far.
-func (d *ociImageDestination) PutBlobWithOptions(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo, options private.PutBlobOptions) (private.UploadedBlob, error) {
+func (d *ociImageDestination) PutBlobWithOptions(ctx context.Context, stream io.Reader, inputInfo types.BlobInfo, options private.PutBlobOptions) (_ private.UploadedBlob, retErr error) {
 	blobFile, err := os.CreateTemp(d.ref.dir, "oci-put-blob")
 	if err != nil {
 		return private.UploadedBlob{}, err
@@ -125,7 +124,10 @@ func (d *ociImageDestination) PutBlobWithOptions(ctx context.Context, stream io.
 	explicitClosed := false
 	defer func() {
 		if !explicitClosed {
-			blobFile.Close()
+			closeErr := blobFile.Close()
+			if retErr == nil {
+				retErr = closeErr
+			}
 		}
 		if !succeeded {
 			os.Remove(blobFile.Name())
@@ -177,7 +179,10 @@ func (d *ociImageDestination) blobFileSyncAndRename(blobFile *os.File, blobDiges
 	}
 
 	// need to explicitly close the file, since a rename won't otherwise work on Windows
-	blobFile.Close()
+	err = blobFile.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	*closed = true
 
 	if err := os.Rename(blobFile.Name(), blobPath); err != nil {
@@ -324,10 +329,10 @@ type PutBlobFromLocalFileOption struct{}
 // It computes, and returns, the digest and size of the used file.
 //
 // This function can be used instead of dest.PutBlob() where the ImageDestination requires PutBlob() to be called.
-func PutBlobFromLocalFile(ctx context.Context, dest types.ImageDestination, file string, options ...PutBlobFromLocalFileOption) (digest.Digest, int64, error) {
+func PutBlobFromLocalFile(ctx context.Context, dest types.ImageDestination, file string, options ...PutBlobFromLocalFileOption) (_ digest.Digest, _ int64, retErr error) {
 	d, ok := dest.(*ociImageDestination)
 	if !ok {
-		return "", -1, errors.New("internal error: PutBlobFromLocalFile called with a non-oci: destination")
+		return "", -1, errors.New("caller error: PutBlobFromLocalFile called with a non-oci: destination")
 	}
 
 	succeeded := false
@@ -338,7 +343,10 @@ func PutBlobFromLocalFile(ctx context.Context, dest types.ImageDestination, file
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if !blobFileClosed {
-			blobFile.Close()
+			closeErr := blobFile.Close()
+			if retErr == nil {
+				retErr = closeErr
+			}
 		}
 		if !succeeded {
 			os.Remove(blobFile.Name())
@@ -351,7 +359,7 @@ func PutBlobFromLocalFile(ctx context.Context, dest types.ImageDestination, file
 	}
 	defer srcFile.Close()
 
-	err = reflink.LinkOrCopy(srcFile, blobFile)
+	err = fileutils.ReflinkOrCopy(srcFile, blobFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", -1, err
 	}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout/oci_src.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/private"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/tlsclientconfig"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/fileutils"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/tlsconfig"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
@@ -214,3 +215,26 @@ func getBlobSize(resp *http.Response) int64 {
 	}
 	return size
 }
+
+// GetLocalBlobPath returns the local path to the blob file with the given digest.
+// The returned path is checked for existence so when a non existing digest is
+// given an error will be returned.
+//
+// Important: The returned path must be treated as read only, writing the file will
+// corrupt the oci layout as the digest no longer matches.
+func GetLocalBlobPath(ctx context.Context, src types.ImageSource, digest digest.Digest) (string, error) {
+	s, ok := src.(*ociImageSource)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", errors.New("caller error: GetLocalBlobPath called with a non-oci: source")
+	}
+
+	path, err := s.ref.blobPath(digest, s.sharedBlobDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := fileutils.Exists(path); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return path, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout/oci_transport.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory/explicitfilepath"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/image"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/internal/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/internal"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
@@ -110,13 +111,13 @@ func newReference(dir, image string, sourceIndex int) (types.ImageReference, err
 
 // NewIndexReference returns an OCI reference for a path and a zero-based source manifest index.
 func NewIndexReference(dir string, sourceIndex int) (types.ImageReference, error) {
+	if sourceIndex < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid call to NewIndexReference with negative index %d", sourceIndex)
+	}
 	return newReference(dir, "", sourceIndex)
 }
 
-// NewReference returns an OCI reference for a directory and a image.
-//
-// We do not expose an API supplying the resolvedDir; we could, but recomputing it
-// is generally cheap enough that we prefer being confident about the properties of resolvedDir.
+// NewReference returns an OCI reference for a directory and an optional image name annotation (if not "").
 func NewReference(dir, image string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
 	return newReference(dir, image, -1)
 }
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ func (ref ociReference) getManifestDescriptor() (imgspecv1.Descriptor, int, erro
 		var unsupportedMIMETypes []string
 		for i, md := range index.Manifests {
 			if refName, ok := md.Annotations[imgspecv1.AnnotationRefName]; ok && refName == ref.image {
-				if md.MediaType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest || md.MediaType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageIndex {
+				if md.MediaType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest || md.MediaType == imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageIndex || md.MediaType == manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType || md.MediaType == manifest.DockerV2ListMediaType {
 					return md, i, nil
 				}
 				unsupportedMIMETypes = append(unsupportedMIMETypes, md.MediaType)

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/openshift/openshift-copies.go

@@ -571,8 +571,7 @@ func (rules *clientConfigLoadingRules) Load() (*clientcmdConfig, error) {
 	// merge all of the struct values in the reverse order so that priority is given correctly
 	// errors are not added to the list the second time
 	nonMapConfig := clientcmdNewConfig()
-	for i := len(kubeconfigs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		kubeconfig := kubeconfigs[i]
+	for _, kubeconfig := range slices.Backward(kubeconfigs) {
 		if err := mergo.MergeWithOverwrite(nonMapConfig, kubeconfig); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -921,7 +920,7 @@ func tlsCacheGet(config *restConfig) (http.RoundTripper, error) {
 // TLSConfigFor returns a tls.Config that will provide the transport level security defined
 // by the provided Config. Will return nil if no transport level security is requested.
 func tlsConfigFor(c *restConfig) (*tls.Config, error) {
-	if !(c.HasCA() || c.HasCertAuth() || c.Insecure) {
+	if !c.HasCA() && !c.HasCertAuth() && !c.Insecure {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 	if c.HasCA() && c.Insecure {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/ostree/ostree_dest.go

@@ -143,16 +143,24 @@ func (d *ostreeImageDestination) PutBlobWithOptions(ctx context.Context, stream
 		return private.UploadedBlob{}, err
 	}
 
+	digester, stream := putblobdigest.DigestIfCanonicalUnknown(stream, inputInfo)
+
 	blobPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "content")
 	blobFile, err := os.Create(blobPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return private.UploadedBlob{}, err
 	}
-	defer blobFile.Close()
-
-	digester, stream := putblobdigest.DigestIfCanonicalUnknown(stream, inputInfo)
-	// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using ctx.Done().
-	size, err := io.Copy(blobFile, stream)
+	size, err := func() (_ int64, retErr error) { // A scope for defer
+		// since we are writing to this file, make sure we handle errors
+		defer func() {
+			closeErr := blobFile.Close()
+			if retErr == nil {
+				retErr = closeErr
+			}
+		}()
+		// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using ctx.Done().
+		return io.Copy(blobFile, stream)
+	}()
 	if err != nil {
 		return private.UploadedBlob{}, err
 	}
@@ -247,9 +255,15 @@ func (d *ostreeImageDestination) ostreeCommit(repo *otbuiltin.Repo, branch strin
 	return err
 }
 
-func generateTarSplitMetadata(output *bytes.Buffer, file string) (digest.Digest, int64, error) {
+func generateTarSplitMetadata(output *bytes.Buffer, file string) (_ digest.Digest, _ int64, retErr error) {
 	mfz := pgzip.NewWriter(output)
-	defer mfz.Close()
+	// since we are writing to this, make sure we handle errors
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := mfz.Close()
+		if retErr == nil {
+			retErr = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
 	metaPacker := storage.NewJSONPacker(mfz)
 
 	stream, err := os.OpenFile(file, os.O_RDONLY, 0)

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/ostree/ostree_src.go

@@ -250,9 +250,7 @@ func newOSTreePathFileGetter(repo *C.struct_OstreeRepo, commit string) (*ostreeP
 
 func (o ostreePathFileGetter) Get(filename string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
 	var file *C.GFile
-	if strings.HasPrefix(filename, "./") {
-		filename = filename[2:]
-	}
+	filename, _ = strings.CutPrefix(filename, "./")
 	cfilename := C.CString(filename)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cfilename))
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache/memory/memory.go

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ func (mem *cache) candidateLocations(transport types.ImageTransport, scope types
 		if uncompressedDigest = mem.uncompressedDigestLocked(primaryDigest); uncompressedDigest != "" {
 			otherDigests := mem.digestsByUncompressed[uncompressedDigest] // nil if not present in the map
 			if otherDigests != nil {
-				for _, d := range otherDigests.Values() {
+				for d := range otherDigests.All() {
 					if d != primaryDigest && d != uncompressedDigest {
 						res = mem.appendReplacementCandidates(res, transport, scope, d, v2Options)
 					}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache/sqlite/sqlite.go

@@ -87,14 +87,20 @@ func new2(path string) (*cache, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("initializing blob info cache at %q: %w", path, err)
 	}
-	defer db.Close()
-
-	// We don’t check the schema before every operation, because that would be costly
-	// and because we assume schema changes will be handled by using a different path.
-	if err := ensureDBHasCurrentSchema(db); err != nil {
+	err = func() (retErr error) { // A scope for defer
+		defer func() {
+			closeErr := db.Close()
+			if retErr == nil {
+				retErr = closeErr
+			}
+		}()
+		// We don’t check the schema before every operation, because that would be costly
+		// and because we assume schema changes will be handled by using a different path.
+		return ensureDBHasCurrentSchema(db)
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return &cache{
 		path:     path,
 		refCount: 0,
@@ -147,25 +153,30 @@ func (sqc *cache) Close() {
 type void struct{} // So that we don’t have to write struct{}{} all over the place
 
 // transaction calls fn within a read-write transaction in sqc.
-func transaction[T any](sqc *cache, fn func(tx *sql.Tx) (T, error)) (T, error) {
-	db, closeDB, err := func() (*sql.DB, func(), error) { // A scope for defer
+func transaction[T any](sqc *cache, fn func(tx *sql.Tx) (T, error)) (_ T, retErr error) {
+	db, closeDB, err := func() (*sql.DB, func() error, error) { // A scope for defer
 		sqc.lock.Lock()
 		defer sqc.lock.Unlock()
 
 		if sqc.db != nil {
-			return sqc.db, func() {}, nil
+			return sqc.db, func() error { return nil }, nil
 		}
 		db, err := rawOpen(sqc.path)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("opening blob info cache at %q: %w", sqc.path, err)
 		}
-		return db, func() { db.Close() }, nil
+		return db, db.Close, nil
 	}()
 	if err != nil {
 		var zeroRes T // A zero value of T
 		return zeroRes, err
 	}
-	defer closeDB()
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := closeDB()
+		if retErr == nil {
+			retErr = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
 
 	return dbTransaction(db, fn)
 }

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/docker/config/config.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
+	"iter"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -93,9 +95,7 @@ func GetAllCredentials(sys *types.SystemContext) (map[string]types.DockerAuthCon
 				// Credential helpers in the auth file have a
 				// direct mapping to a registry, so we can just
 				// walk the map.
-				for registry := range fileContents.CredHelpers {
-					allKeys.Add(registry)
-				}
+				allKeys.AddSeq(maps.Keys(fileContents.CredHelpers))
 				for key := range fileContents.AuthConfigs {
 					key := normalizeAuthFileKey(key, path.legacyFormat)
 					if key == normalizedDockerIORegistry {
@@ -115,16 +115,14 @@ func GetAllCredentials(sys *types.SystemContext) (map[string]types.DockerAuthCon
 					return nil, err
 				}
 			}
-			for registry := range creds {
-				allKeys.Add(registry)
-			}
+			allKeys.AddSeq(maps.Keys(creds))
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Now use `GetCredentials` to the specific auth configs for each
 	// previously listed registry.
 	allCreds := make(map[string]types.DockerAuthConfig)
-	for _, key := range allKeys.Values() {
+	for key := range allKeys.All() {
 		creds, err := GetCredentials(sys, key)
 		if err != nil {
 			// Note: we rely on the logging in `GetCredentials`.
@@ -818,16 +816,10 @@ func findCredentialsInFile(key, registry string, path authPath) (types.DockerAut
 	// Support sub-registry namespaces in auth.
 	// (This is not a feature of ~/.docker/config.json; we support it even for
 	// those files as an extension.)
-	var keys []string
-	if !path.legacyFormat {
-		keys = authKeysForKey(key)
-	} else {
-		keys = []string{registry}
-	}
-
+	//
 	// Repo or namespace keys are only supported as exact matches. For registry
 	// keys we prefer exact matches as well.
-	for _, key := range keys {
+	for key := range authKeyLookupOrder(key, registry, path.legacyFormat) {
 		if val, exists := fileContents.AuthConfigs[key]; exists {
 			return decodeDockerAuth(path.path, key, val)
 		}
@@ -854,25 +846,33 @@ func findCredentialsInFile(key, registry string, path authPath) (types.DockerAut
 	return types.DockerAuthConfig{}, nil
 }
 
-// authKeysForKey returns the keys matching a provided auth file key, in order
-// from the best match to worst. For example,
+// authKeyLookupOrder returns a sequence for lookup keys matching (key or registry)
+// in file with legacyFormat, in order from the best match to worst.
+// For example, in a non-legacy file,
 // when given a repository key "quay.io/repo/ns/image", it returns
 // - quay.io/repo/ns/image
 // - quay.io/repo/ns
 // - quay.io/repo
 // - quay.io
-func authKeysForKey(key string) (res []string) {
-	for {
-		res = append(res, key)
-
-		lastSlash := strings.LastIndex(key, "/")
-		if lastSlash == -1 {
-			break
+func authKeyLookupOrder(key, registry string, legacyFormat bool) iter.Seq[string] {
+	return func(yield func(string) bool) {
+		if legacyFormat {
+			_ = yield(registry) // We stop in any case
+			return
 		}
-		key = key[:lastSlash]
-	}
 
-	return res
+		for {
+			if !yield(key) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			lastSlash := strings.LastIndex(key, "/")
+			if lastSlash == -1 {
+				break
+			}
+			key = key[:lastSlash]
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // decodeDockerAuth decodes the username and password from conf,

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/sysregistriesv2/paths_common.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !freebsd
-// +build !freebsd
 
 package sysregistriesv2
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/sysregistriesv2/paths_freebsd.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build freebsd
-// +build freebsd
 
 package sysregistriesv2
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/sysregistriesv2/shortnames.go

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func ResolveShortNameAlias(ctx *types.SystemContext, name string) (reference.Nam
 // editShortNameAlias loads the aliases.conf file and changes it. If value is
 // set, it adds the name-value pair as a new alias. Otherwise, it will remove
 // name from the config.
-func editShortNameAlias(ctx *types.SystemContext, name string, value *string) error {
+func editShortNameAlias(ctx *types.SystemContext, name string, value *string) (retErr error) {
 	if err := validateShortName(name); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -178,7 +178,13 @@ func editShortNameAlias(ctx *types.SystemContext, name string, value *string) er
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
+	// since we are writing to this file, make sure we handle err on Close()
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := f.Close()
+		if retErr == nil {
+			retErr = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
 
 	encoder := toml.NewEncoder(f)
 	return encoder.Encode(conf)
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ func parseShortNameValue(alias string) (reference.Named, error) {
 	}
 
 	registry := reference.Domain(named)
-	if !(strings.ContainsAny(registry, ".:") || registry == "localhost") {
+	if !strings.ContainsAny(registry, ".:") && registry != "localhost" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid alias %q: must contain registry and repository", alias)
 	}
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/sysregistriesv2/system_registries_v2.go

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -18,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/homedir"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/regexp"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
 // systemRegistriesConfPath is the path to the system-wide registry
@@ -430,7 +431,8 @@ func (config *V2RegistriesConf) postProcessRegistries() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("pull-from-mirror must not be set for a non-mirror registry %q", reg.Prefix)
 		}
 		// make sure mirrors are valid
-		for _, mir := range reg.Mirrors {
+		for j := range reg.Mirrors {
+			mir := &reg.Mirrors[j]
 			mir.Location, err = parseLocation(mir.Location)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -1040,12 +1042,10 @@ func (c *parsedConfig) updateWithConfigurationFrom(updates *parsedConfig) {
 	}
 
 	// Go maps have a non-deterministic order when iterating the keys, so
-	// we dump them in a slice and sort it to enforce some order in
-	// Registries slice.  Some consumers of c/image (e.g., CRI-O) log the
-	// configuration where a non-deterministic order could easily cause
-	// confusion.
-	prefixes := maps.Keys(registryMap)
-	sort.Strings(prefixes)
+	// we sort the keys to enforce some order in Registries slice.
+	// Some consumers of c/image (e.g., CRI-O) log the configuration
+	// and a non-deterministic order could easily cause confusion.
+	prefixes := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(registryMap))
 
 	c.partialV2.Registries = []Registry{}
 	for _, prefix := range prefixes {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/sif/load.go

@@ -186,12 +186,18 @@ func convertSIFToElements(ctx context.Context, sifImage *sif.FileImage, tempDir
 	// has an -o option that allows extracting a squashfs from the SIF file directly,
 	// but that version is not currently available in RHEL 8.
 	logrus.Debugf("Creating a temporary squashfs image %s ...", squashFSPath)
-	if err := func() error { // A scope for defer
+	if err := func() (retErr error) { // A scope for defer
 		f, err := os.Create(squashFSPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		defer f.Close()
+		// since we are writing to this file, make sure we handle err on Close()
+		defer func() {
+			closeErr := f.Close()
+			if retErr == nil {
+				retErr = closeErr
+			}
+		}()
 		// TODO: This can take quite some time, and should ideally be cancellable using ctx.Done().
 		if _, err := io.CopyN(f, rootFS.GetReader(), rootFS.Size()); err != nil {
 			return err

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/fulcio_cert.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !containers_image_fulcio_stub
-// +build !containers_image_fulcio_stub
 
 package signature
 
@@ -108,19 +107,10 @@ func (f *fulcioTrustRoot) verifyFulcioCertificateAtTime(relevantTime time.Time,
 		}
 	}
 
-	untrustedLeafCerts, err := cryptoutils.UnmarshalCertificatesFromPEM(untrustedCertificateBytes)
+	untrustedCertificate, err := parseLeafCertFromPEM(untrustedCertificateBytes)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("parsing leaf certificate: %v", err))
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	switch len(untrustedLeafCerts) {
-	case 0:
-		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError("no certificate found in signature certificate data")
-	case 1:
-		break // OK
-	default:
-		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError("unexpected multiple certificates present in signature certificate data")
-	}
-	untrustedCertificate := untrustedLeafCerts[0]
 
 	// Go rejects Subject Alternative Name that has no DNSNames, EmailAddresses, IPAddresses and URIs;
 	// we match SAN ourselves, so override that.
@@ -195,6 +185,21 @@ func (f *fulcioTrustRoot) verifyFulcioCertificateAtTime(relevantTime time.Time,
 	return untrustedCertificate.PublicKey, nil
 }
 
+func parseLeafCertFromPEM(untrustedCertificateBytes []byte) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	untrustedLeafCerts, err := cryptoutils.UnmarshalCertificatesFromPEM(untrustedCertificateBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("parsing leaf certificate: %v", err))
+	}
+	switch len(untrustedLeafCerts) {
+	case 0:
+		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError("no certificate found in signature certificate data")
+	case 1: // OK
+		return untrustedLeafCerts[0], nil
+	default:
+		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError("unexpected multiple certificates present in signature certificate data")
+	}
+}
+
 func verifyRekorFulcio(rekorPublicKeys []*ecdsa.PublicKey, fulcioTrustRoot *fulcioTrustRoot, untrustedRekorSET []byte,
 	untrustedCertificateBytes []byte, untrustedIntermediateChainBytes []byte, untrustedBase64Signature string,
 	untrustedPayloadBytes []byte) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/fulcio_cert_stub.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build containers_image_fulcio_stub
-// +build containers_image_fulcio_stub
 
 package signature
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/internal/rekor_set.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !containers_image_rekor_stub
-// +build !containers_image_rekor_stub
 
 package internal
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/internal/rekor_set_stub.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build containers_image_rekor_stub
-// +build containers_image_rekor_stub
 
 package internal
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/mechanism_gpgme.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !containers_image_openpgp
-// +build !containers_image_openpgp
 
 package signature
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/mechanism_openpgp.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build containers_image_openpgp
-// +build containers_image_openpgp
 
 package signature
 

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/pki_cert.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package signature
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/internal"
+	"github.com/sigstore/sigstore/pkg/cryptoutils"
+)
+
+type pkiTrustRoot struct {
+	caRootsCertificates        *x509.CertPool
+	caIntermediateCertificates *x509.CertPool
+	subjectEmail               string
+	subjectHostname            string
+}
+
+func (p *pkiTrustRoot) validate() error {
+	if p.subjectEmail == "" && p.subjectHostname == "" {
+		return errors.New("Internal inconsistency: PKI use set up without subject email or subject hostname")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func verifyPKI(pkiTrustRoot *pkiTrustRoot, untrustedCertificateBytes []byte, untrustedIntermediateChainBytes []byte) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	var untrustedIntermediatePool *x509.CertPool
+	if pkiTrustRoot.caIntermediateCertificates != nil {
+		untrustedIntermediatePool = pkiTrustRoot.caIntermediateCertificates.Clone()
+	} else {
+		untrustedIntermediatePool = x509.NewCertPool()
+	}
+	if len(untrustedIntermediateChainBytes) > 0 {
+		untrustedIntermediateChain, err := cryptoutils.UnmarshalCertificatesFromPEM(untrustedIntermediateChainBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("loading certificate chain: %v", err))
+		}
+		if len(untrustedIntermediateChain) > 1 {
+			for _, untrustedIntermediateCert := range untrustedIntermediateChain[:len(untrustedIntermediateChain)-1] {
+				untrustedIntermediatePool.AddCert(untrustedIntermediateCert)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	untrustedCertificate, err := parseLeafCertFromPEM(untrustedCertificateBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := untrustedCertificate.Verify(x509.VerifyOptions{
+		Intermediates: untrustedIntermediatePool,
+		Roots:         pkiTrustRoot.caRootsCertificates,
+		KeyUsages:     []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageCodeSigning},
+	}); err != nil {
+		return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("veryfing leaf certificate failed: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	if pkiTrustRoot.subjectEmail != "" {
+		if !slices.Contains(untrustedCertificate.EmailAddresses, pkiTrustRoot.subjectEmail) {
+			return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("Required email %q not found (got %q)",
+				pkiTrustRoot.subjectEmail,
+				untrustedCertificate.EmailAddresses))
+		}
+	}
+	if pkiTrustRoot.subjectHostname != "" {
+		if err = untrustedCertificate.VerifyHostname(pkiTrustRoot.subjectHostname); err != nil {
+			return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected subject hostname: %v", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return untrustedCertificate.PublicKey, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/policy_config_sigstore.go

@@ -71,6 +71,17 @@ func PRSigstoreSignedWithFulcio(fulcio PRSigstoreSignedFulcio) PRSigstoreSignedO
 	}
 }
 
+// PRSigstoreSignedWithPKI specifies a value for the "pki" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSigned.
+func PRSigstoreSignedWithPKI(p PRSigstoreSignedPKI) PRSigstoreSignedOption {
+	return func(pr *prSigstoreSigned) error {
+		if pr.PKI != nil {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"pki" already specified`)
+		}
+		pr.PKI = p
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // PRSigstoreSignedWithRekorPublicKeyPath specifies a value for the "rekorPublicKeyPath" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSigned.
 func PRSigstoreSignedWithRekorPublicKeyPath(rekorPublicKeyPath string) PRSigstoreSignedOption {
 	return func(pr *prSigstoreSigned) error {
@@ -159,8 +170,11 @@ func newPRSigstoreSigned(options ...PRSigstoreSignedOption) (*prSigstoreSigned,
 	if res.Fulcio != nil {
 		keySources++
 	}
+	if res.PKI != nil {
+		keySources++
+	}
 	if keySources != 1 {
-		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("exactly one of keyPath, keyPaths, keyData, keyDatas and fulcio must be specified")
+		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("exactly one of keyPath, keyPaths, keyData, keyDatas, fulcio, and pki must be specified")
 	}
 
 	rekorSources := 0
@@ -182,6 +196,9 @@ func newPRSigstoreSigned(options ...PRSigstoreSignedOption) (*prSigstoreSigned,
 	if res.Fulcio != nil && rekorSources == 0 {
 		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("At least one of rekorPublickeyPath, rekorPublicKeyPaths, rekorPublickeyData and rekorPublicKeyDatas must be specified if fulcio is used")
 	}
+	if res.PKI != nil && rekorSources > 0 {
+		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("rekorPublickeyPath, rekorPublicKeyPaths, rekorPublickeyData and rekorPublicKeyDatas are not supported for pki")
+	}
 
 	if res.SignedIdentity == nil {
 		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("signedIdentity not specified")
@@ -218,9 +235,10 @@ var _ json.Unmarshaler = (*prSigstoreSigned)(nil)
 func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	*pr = prSigstoreSigned{}
 	var tmp prSigstoreSigned
-	var gotKeyPath, gotKeyPaths, gotKeyData, gotKeyDatas, gotFulcio bool
+	var gotKeyPath, gotKeyPaths, gotKeyData, gotKeyDatas, gotFulcio, gotPKI bool
 	var gotRekorPublicKeyPath, gotRekorPublicKeyPaths, gotRekorPublicKeyData, gotRekorPublicKeyDatas bool
 	var fulcio prSigstoreSignedFulcio
+	var pki prSigstoreSignedPKI
 	var signedIdentity json.RawMessage
 	if err := internal.ParanoidUnmarshalJSONObject(data, func(key string) any {
 		switch key {
@@ -253,6 +271,9 @@ func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		case "rekorPublicKeyDatas":
 			gotRekorPublicKeyDatas = true
 			return &tmp.RekorPublicKeyDatas
+		case "pki":
+			gotPKI = true
+			return &pki
 		case "signedIdentity":
 			return &signedIdentity
 		default:
@@ -303,6 +324,9 @@ func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	if gotRekorPublicKeyDatas {
 		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedWithRekorPublicKeyDatas(tmp.RekorPublicKeyDatas))
 	}
+	if gotPKI {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedWithPKI(&pki))
+	}
 	opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedWithSignedIdentity(tmp.SignedIdentity))
 
 	res, err := newPRSigstoreSigned(opts...)
@@ -440,3 +464,167 @@ func (f *prSigstoreSignedFulcio) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	*f = *res
 	return nil
 }
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption is a way to pass values to NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+type PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption func(*prSigstoreSignedPKI) error
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCARootsPath specifies a value for the "caRootsPath" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+func PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCARootsPath(caRootsPath string) PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption {
+	return func(p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) error {
+		if p.CARootsPath != "" {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"caRootsPath" already specified`)
+		}
+		p.CARootsPath = caRootsPath
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCARootsData specifies a value for the "caRootsData" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+func PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCARootsData(caRootsData []byte) PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption {
+	return func(p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) error {
+		if p.CARootsData != nil {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"caRootsData" already specified`)
+		}
+		p.CARootsData = caRootsData
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCAIntermediatesPath specifies a value for the "caIntermediatesPath" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+func PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCAIntermediatesPath(caIntermediatesPath string) PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption {
+	return func(p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) error {
+		if p.CAIntermediatesPath != "" {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"caIntermediatesPath" already specified`)
+		}
+		p.CAIntermediatesPath = caIntermediatesPath
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCAIntermediatesData specifies a value for the "caIntermediatesData" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+func PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCAIntermediatesData(caIntermediatesData []byte) PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption {
+	return func(p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) error {
+		if p.CAIntermediatesData != nil {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"caIntermediatesData" already specified`)
+		}
+		p.CAIntermediatesData = caIntermediatesData
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithSubjectEmail specifies a value for the "subjectEmail" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+func PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithSubjectEmail(subjectEmail string) PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption {
+	return func(p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) error {
+		if p.SubjectEmail != "" {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"subjectEmail" already specified`)
+		}
+		p.SubjectEmail = subjectEmail
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithSubjectHostname specifies a value for the "subjectHostname" field when calling NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI
+func PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithSubjectHostname(subjectHostname string) PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption {
+	return func(p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) error {
+		if p.SubjectHostname != "" {
+			return InvalidPolicyFormatError(`"subjectHostname" already specified`)
+		}
+		p.SubjectHostname = subjectHostname
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// newPRSigstoreSignedPKI is NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI, except it returns the private type
+func newPRSigstoreSignedPKI(options ...PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption) (*prSigstoreSignedPKI, error) {
+	res := prSigstoreSignedPKI{}
+	for _, o := range options {
+		if err := o(&res); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if res.CARootsPath != "" && res.CARootsData != nil {
+		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("caRootsPath and caRootsData cannot be used simultaneously")
+	}
+	if res.CARootsPath == "" && res.CARootsData == nil {
+		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("At least one of caRootsPath and caRootsData must be specified")
+	}
+
+	if res.CAIntermediatesPath != "" && res.CAIntermediatesData != nil {
+		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("caIntermediatesPath and caIntermediatesData cannot be used simultaneously")
+	}
+
+	if res.SubjectEmail == "" && res.SubjectHostname == "" {
+		return nil, InvalidPolicyFormatError("At least one of subjectEmail, subjectHostname must be specified")
+	}
+
+	return &res, nil
+}
+
+// NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI returns a PRSigstoreSignedPKI based on options.
+func NewPRSigstoreSignedPKI(options ...PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption) (PRSigstoreSignedPKI, error) {
+	return newPRSigstoreSignedPKI(options...)
+}
+
+// Compile-time check that prSigstoreSignedPKI implements json.Unmarshaler.
+var _ json.Unmarshaler = (*prSigstoreSignedPKI)(nil)
+
+func (p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	*p = prSigstoreSignedPKI{}
+	var tmp prSigstoreSignedPKI
+	var gotCARootsPath, gotCARootsData, gotCAIntermediatesPath, gotCAIntermediatesData, gotSubjectEmail, gotSubjectHostname bool
+	if err := internal.ParanoidUnmarshalJSONObject(data, func(key string) any {
+		switch key {
+		case "caRootsPath":
+			gotCARootsPath = true
+			return &tmp.CARootsPath
+		case "caRootsData":
+			gotCARootsData = true
+			return &tmp.CARootsData
+		case "caIntermediatesPath":
+			gotCAIntermediatesPath = true
+			return &tmp.CAIntermediatesPath
+		case "caIntermediatesData":
+			gotCAIntermediatesData = true
+			return &tmp.CAIntermediatesData
+		case "subjectEmail":
+			gotSubjectEmail = true
+			return &tmp.SubjectEmail
+		case "subjectHostname":
+			gotSubjectHostname = true
+			return &tmp.SubjectHostname
+		default:
+			return nil
+		}
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var opts []PRSigstoreSignedPKIOption
+	if gotCARootsPath {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCARootsPath(tmp.CARootsPath))
+	}
+	if gotCARootsData {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCARootsData(tmp.CARootsData))
+	}
+	if gotCAIntermediatesPath {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCAIntermediatesPath(tmp.CAIntermediatesPath))
+	}
+	if gotCAIntermediatesData {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithCAIntermediatesData(tmp.CAIntermediatesData))
+	}
+	if gotSubjectEmail {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithSubjectEmail(tmp.SubjectEmail))
+	}
+	if gotSubjectHostname {
+		opts = append(opts, PRSigstoreSignedPKIWithSubjectHostname(tmp.SubjectHostname))
+	}
+
+	res, err := newPRSigstoreSignedPKI(opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	*p = *res
+	return nil
+}

vendor/github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/policy_eval_sigstore.go

@@ -97,11 +97,64 @@ func (f *prSigstoreSignedFulcio) prepareTrustRoot() (*fulcioTrustRoot, error) {
 	return &fulcio, nil
 }
 
+// prepareTrustRoot creates a pkiTrustRoot from the input data.
+// (This also prevents external implementations of this interface, ensuring that prSigstoreSignedPKI is the only one.)
+func (p *prSigstoreSignedPKI) prepareTrustRoot() (*pkiTrustRoot, error) {
+	caRootsCertPEMs, err := loadBytesFromConfigSources(configBytesSources{
+		inconsistencyErrorMessage: `Internal inconsistency: both "caRootsPath" and "caRootsData" specified`,
+		path:                      p.CARootsPath,
+		data:                      p.CARootsData,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(caRootsCertPEMs) != 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New(`Internal inconsistency: PKI specified with not exactly one of "caRootsPath" nor "caRootsData"`)
+	}
+	rootsCerts := x509.NewCertPool()
+	if ok := rootsCerts.AppendCertsFromPEM(caRootsCertPEMs[0]); !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("error loading PKI CA Roots certificates")
+	}
+	pki := pkiTrustRoot{
+		caRootsCertificates: rootsCerts,
+		subjectEmail:        p.SubjectEmail,
+		subjectHostname:     p.SubjectHostname,
+	}
+	caIntermediateCertPEMs, err := loadBytesFromConfigSources(configBytesSources{
+		inconsistencyErrorMessage: `Internal inconsistency: both "caIntermediatesPath" and "caIntermediatesData" specified`,
+		path:                      p.CAIntermediatesPath,
+		data:                      p.CAIntermediatesData,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if caIntermediateCertPEMs != nil {
+		if len(caIntermediateCertPEMs) != 1 {
+			return nil, errors.New(`Internal inconsistency: PKI specified with invalid value from "caIntermediatesPath" or "caIntermediatesData"`)
+		}
+		intermediatePool := x509.NewCertPool()
+		trustedIntermediates, err := cryptoutils.UnmarshalCertificatesFromPEM(caIntermediateCertPEMs[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, internal.NewInvalidSignatureError(fmt.Sprintf("loading trusted intermediate certificates: %v", err))
+		}
+		for _, trustedIntermediateCert := range trustedIntermediates {
+			intermediatePool.AddCert(trustedIntermediateCert)
+		}
+		pki.caIntermediateCertificates = intermediatePool
+	}
+
+	if err := pki.validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &pki, nil
+}
+
 // sigstoreSignedTrustRoot contains an already parsed version of the prSigstoreSigned policy
 type sigstoreSignedTrustRoot struct {
 	publicKeys      []crypto.PublicKey
 	fulcio          *fulcioTrustRoot
 	rekorPublicKeys []*ecdsa.PublicKey
+	pki             *pkiTrustRoot
 }
 
 func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) prepareTrustRoot() (*sigstoreSignedTrustRoot, error) {
@@ -166,6 +219,14 @@ func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) prepareTrustRoot() (*sigstoreSignedTrustRoot, error)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if pr.PKI != nil {
+		p, err := pr.PKI.prepareTrustRoot()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		res.pki = p
+	}
+
 	return &res, nil
 }
 
@@ -189,13 +250,23 @@ func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) isSignatureAccepted(ctx context.Context, image priva
 	}
 	untrustedPayload := sig.UntrustedPayload()
 
+	keySources := 0
+	if trustRoot.publicKeys != nil {
+		keySources++
+	}
+	if trustRoot.fulcio != nil {
+		keySources++
+	}
+	if trustRoot.pki != nil {
+		keySources++
+	}
+
 	var publicKeys []crypto.PublicKey
 	switch {
-	case trustRoot.publicKeys != nil && trustRoot.fulcio != nil: // newPRSigstoreSigned rejects such combinations.
-		return sarRejected, errors.New("Internal inconsistency: Both a public key and Fulcio CA specified")
-	case trustRoot.publicKeys == nil && trustRoot.fulcio == nil: // newPRSigstoreSigned rejects such combinations.
-		return sarRejected, errors.New("Internal inconsistency: Neither a public key nor a Fulcio CA specified")
-
+	case keySources > 1: // newPRSigstoreSigned rejects more than one key sources.
+		return sarRejected, errors.New("Internal inconsistency: More than one of public key, Fulcio, or PKI specified")
+	case keySources == 0: // newPRSigstoreSigned rejects empty key sources.
+		return sarRejected, errors.New("Internal inconsistency: A public key, Fulcio, or PKI must be specified.")
 	case trustRoot.publicKeys != nil:
 		if trustRoot.rekorPublicKeys != nil {
 			untrustedSET, ok := untrustedAnnotations[signature.SigstoreSETAnnotationKey]
@@ -254,6 +325,24 @@ func (pr *prSigstoreSigned) isSignatureAccepted(ctx context.Context, image priva
 			return sarRejected, err
 		}
 		publicKeys = []crypto.PublicKey{pk}
+
+	case trustRoot.pki != nil:
+		if trustRoot.rekorPublicKeys != nil { // newPRSigstoreSigned rejects such combinations.
+			return sarRejected, errors.New("Internal inconsistency: PKI specified with a Rekor public key")
+		}
+		untrustedCert, ok := untrustedAnnotations[signature.SigstoreCertificateAnnotationKey]
+		if !ok {
+			return sarRejected, fmt.Errorf("missing %s annotation", signature.SigstoreCertificateAnnotationKey)
+		}
+		var untrustedIntermediateChainBytes []byte
+		if untrustedIntermediateChain, ok := untrustedAnnotations[signature.SigstoreIntermediateCertificateChainAnnotationKey]; ok {
+			untrustedIntermediateChainBytes = []byte(untrustedIntermediateChain)
+		}
+		pk, err := verifyPKI(trustRoot.pki, []byte(untrustedCert), untrustedIntermediateChainBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return sarRejected, err
+		}
+		publicKeys = []crypto.PublicKey{pk}
 	}
 
 	if len(publicKeys) == 0 {