Bump to v1.19.0

Bump to v1.19.0 to align with the Podman v5.5 release

Signed-off-by: tomsweeneyredhat <tsweeney@redhat.com>

.cirrus.yml

@@ -20,13 +20,8 @@ env:
     # Save a little typing (path relative to $CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR)
     SCRIPT_BASE: "./contrib/cirrus"
 
-    ####
-    #### Cache-image names to test with (double-quotes around names are critical)
-    ####
-    FEDORA_NAME: "fedora-37"
-
     # Google-cloud VM Images
-    IMAGE_SUFFIX: "c20230405t152256z-f37f36d12"
+    IMAGE_SUFFIX: "c20250422t130822z-f42f41d13"
     FEDORA_CACHE_IMAGE_NAME: "fedora-${IMAGE_SUFFIX}"
 
     # Container FQIN's
@@ -67,47 +62,58 @@ doccheck_task:
         cpu: 4
         memory: 8
     env:
-        BUILDTAGS: &withopengpg 'btrfs_noversion libdm_no_deferred_remove containers_image_openpgp'
+        BUILDTAGS: &withopengpg 'containers_image_openpgp'
     script: |
       # TODO: Can't use 'runner.sh setup' inside container.  However,
       # removing the pre-installed package is the only necessary step
       # at the time of this comment.
-      dnf erase -y skopeo  # Guarantee non-interference
+      dnf remove -y skopeo  # Guarantee non-interference
       "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" build
       "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" doccheck
 
 osx_task:
-    # Don't run for docs-only or multi-arch image builds.
+    # Don't run for docs-only builds.
     # Also don't run on release-branches or their PRs,
     # since base container-image is not version-constrained.
     only_if: &not_docs_or_release_branch >-
         ($CIRRUS_BASE_BRANCH == $CIRRUS_DEFAULT_BRANCH ||
          $CIRRUS_BRANCH == $CIRRUS_DEFAULT_BRANCH ) &&
-        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*' &&
-        $CIRRUS_CRON != 'multiarch'
+        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*'
     depends_on:
         - validate
-    macos_instance:
-        image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-base:latest
-    setup_script: |
-        export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
-        brew update
-        brew install gpgme go go-md2man
-        make tools
-    test_script: |
-        export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
-        go version
-        go env
-        make validate-local test-unit-local bin/skopeo
-        sudo make install
-        /usr/local/bin/skopeo -v
+    persistent_worker: &mac_pw
+        labels:
+            os: darwin
+            arch: arm64
+            purpose: prod
+    env:
+        CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR: "$HOME/ci/task-${CIRRUS_TASK_ID}"
+        # Prevent cache-pollution fron one task to the next.
+        GOPATH: "$CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR/.go"
+        GOCACHE: "$CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR/.go/cache"
+        GOENV: "$CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR/.go/support"
+        GOSRC: "$HOME/ci/task-${CIRRUS_TASK_ID}"
+        TMPDIR: "/private/tmp/ci"
+    # This host is/was shared with potentially many other CI tasks.
+    # The previous task may have been canceled or aborted.
+    prep_script: &mac_cleanup "contrib/cirrus/mac_cleanup.sh"
+    test_script:
+        - export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
+        - go version
+        - go env
+        - make tools
+        - make validate-local test-unit-local bin/skopeo
+        - bin/skopeo -v
+    # This host is/was shared with potentially many other CI tasks.
+    # Ensure nothing is left running while waiting for the next task.
+    always:
+        task_cleanup_script: *mac_cleanup
 
 
 cross_task:
     alias: cross
     only_if: >-
-        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*' &&
-        $CIRRUS_CRON != 'multiarch'
+        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*'
     depends_on:
         - validate
     gce_instance: &standardvm
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ ostree-rs-ext_task:
         dockerfile: contrib/cirrus/ostree_ext.dockerfile
         docker_arguments:  # required build-args
             BASE_FQIN: quay.io/coreos-assembler/fcos-buildroot:testing-devel
-            CIRRUS_IMAGE_VERSION: 1
+            CIRRUS_IMAGE_VERSION: 3
     env:
         EXT_REPO_NAME: ostree-rs-ext
         EXT_REPO_HOME: $CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR/../$EXT_REPO_NAME
@@ -170,11 +176,10 @@ ostree-rs-ext_task:
 #####
 test_skopeo_task:
     alias: test_skopeo
-    # Don't test for [CI:DOCS], [CI:BUILD], or 'multiarch' cron.
+    # Don't test for [CI:DOCS], [CI:BUILD].
     only_if: >-
         $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:BUILD.*' &&
-        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*' &&
-        $CIRRUS_CRON != 'multiarch'
+        $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE !=~ '.*CI:DOCS.*'
     depends_on:
         - validate
     gce_instance:
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ test_skopeo_task:
     matrix:
         - name: "Skopeo Test"  # N/B: Name ref. by hack/get_fqin.sh
           env:
-              BUILDTAGS: 'btrfs_noversion libdm_no_deferred_remove'
+              BUILDTAGS: ''
         - name: "Skopeo Test w/ opengpg"
           env:
               BUILDTAGS: *withopengpg
@@ -207,49 +212,6 @@ test_skopeo_task:
         "${SKOPEO_PATH}/${SCRIPT_BASE}/runner.sh" system
 
 
-image_build_task: &image-build
-    name: "Build multi-arch $CTXDIR"
-    alias: image_build
-    # Some of these container images take > 1h to build, limit
-    # this task to a specific Cirrus-Cron entry with this name.
-    only_if: $CIRRUS_CRON == 'multiarch'
-    timeout_in: 120m  # emulation is sssllllooooowwww
-    gce_instance:
-        <<: *standardvm
-        image_name: build-push-${IMAGE_SUFFIX}
-        # More muscle required for parallel multi-arch build
-        type: "n2-standard-4"
-    matrix:
-        - env:
-            CTXDIR: contrib/skopeoimage/upstream
-        - env:
-            CTXDIR: contrib/skopeoimage/testing
-        - env:
-            CTXDIR: contrib/skopeoimage/stable
-    env:
-        SKOPEO_USERNAME: ENCRYPTED[4195884d23b154553f2ddb26a63fc9fbca50ba77b3e447e4da685d8639ed9bc94b9a86a9c77272c8c80d32ead9ca48da]
-        SKOPEO_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[36e06f9befd17e5da2d60260edb9ef0d40e6312e2bba4cf881d383f1b8b5a18c8e5a553aea2fdebf39cebc6bd3b3f9de]
-        CONTAINERS_USERNAME: ENCRYPTED[dd722c734641f103b394a3a834d51ca5415347e378637cf98ee1f99e64aad2ec3dbd4664c0d94cb0e06b83d89e9bbe91]
-        CONTAINERS_PASSWORD: ENCRYPTED[d8b0fac87fe251cedd26c864ba800480f9e0570440b9eb264265b67411b253a626fb69d519e188e6c9a7f525860ddb26]
-    main_script:
-        - source /etc/automation_environment
-        - main.sh $CIRRUS_REPO_CLONE_URL $CTXDIR
-
-
-test_image_build_task:
-    <<: *image-build
-    alias: test_image_build
-    # Allow this to run inside a PR w/ [CI:BUILD] only.
-    only_if: $CIRRUS_PR != '' && $CIRRUS_CHANGE_TITLE =~ '.*CI:BUILD.*'
-    # This takes a LONG time, only run when requested.  N/B: Any task
-    # made to depend on this one will block FOREVER unless triggered.
-    # DO NOT ADD THIS TASK AS DEPENDENCY FOR `success_task`.
-    trigger_type: manual
-    # Overwrite all 'env', don't push anything, just do the build.
-    env:
-        DRYRUN: 1
-
-
 # This task is critical.  It updates the "last-used by" timestamp stored
 # in metadata for all VM images.  This mechanism functions in tandem with
 # an out-of-band pruning operation to remove disused VM images.
@@ -288,7 +250,6 @@ success_task:
         - cross
         - proxy_ostree_ext
         - test_skopeo
-        - image_build
         - meta
     container: *smallcontainer
     env:

.fmf/version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1

.github/renovate.json5

@@ -49,11 +49,4 @@
   /*************************************************
    *** Repository-specific configuration options ***
    *************************************************/
-
-  // Don't leave dep. update. PRs "hanging", assign them to people.
-  "assignees": ["containers/image-maintainers"],  // same for skopeo
-
-  /*************************************************
-   ***** Golang-specific configuration options *****
-   *************************************************/
 }

.github/workflows/check_cirrus_cron.yml

@@ -17,4 +17,9 @@ jobs:
   # Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/reusing-workflows
   call_cron_failures:
     uses: containers/podman/.github/workflows/check_cirrus_cron.yml@main
-    secrets: inherit
+    secrets:
+      SECRET_CIRRUS_API_KEY: ${{secrets.SECRET_CIRRUS_API_KEY}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_SERVER: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_SERVER}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_USERNAME: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_USERNAME}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_PASSWORD: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_PASSWORD}}
+      ACTION_MAIL_SENDER: ${{secrets.ACTION_MAIL_SENDER}}

.github/workflows/issue_pr_lock.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+
+# See also:
+# https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/.github/workflows/issue_pr_lock.yml
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron:  '0 0 * * *'
+  # Debug: Allow triggering job manually in github-actions WebUI
+  workflow_dispatch: {}
+
+jobs:
+  # Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/reusing-workflows
+  closed_issue_discussion_lock:
+    uses: containers/podman/.github/workflows/issue_pr_lock.yml@main
+    secrets: inherit
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write

.github/workflows/rerun_cirrus_cron.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
----
-
-# See also: https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/.github/workflows/rerun_cirrus_cron.yml
-
-on:
-  # Note: This only applies to the default branch.
-  schedule:
-    # N/B: This should correspond to a period slightly after
-    # the last job finishes running.  See job defs. at:
-    # https://cirrus-ci.com/settings/repository/6706677464432640
-    - cron:  '01 01 * * 1-5'
-  # Debug: Allow triggering job manually in github-actions WebUI
-  workflow_dispatch: {}
-
-jobs:
-  # Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/reusing-workflows
-  call_cron_rerun:
-    uses: containers/podman/.github/workflows/rerun_cirrus_cron.yml@main
-    secrets: inherit

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write  # for actions/stale to close stale PRs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/stale@v8
+    - uses: actions/stale@v9
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         stale-issue-message: 'A friendly reminder that this issue had no activity for 30 days.'

.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+version: "2"
+linters:
+  settings:
+    staticcheck:
+      checks:
+        # Compared to golangci-lint v2.0.2 defaults, we don’t exclude
+        # ST1003, ST1016, ST1020, ST1021, ST1022 as we don't hit those.
+        - all
+        - -ST1000 # Incorrect or missing package comment.
+        - -ST1005 # Incorrectly formatted error string.
+  exclusions:
+    presets:
+      - std-error-handling

.packit.sh

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-# This script handles any custom processing of the spec file generated using the `post-upstream-clone`
-# action and gets used by the fix-spec-file action in .packit.yaml.
-
-set -eo pipefail
-
-# Get Version from HEAD
-VERSION=$(grep '^const Version' version/version.go | cut -d\" -f2 | sed -e 's/-/~/')
-
-# Generate source tarball
-git archive --prefix=skopeo-$VERSION/ -o skopeo-$VERSION.tar.gz HEAD
-
-# RPM Spec modifications
-
-# Update Version in spec with Version from Cargo.toml
-sed -i "s/^Version:.*/Version: $VERSION/" skopeo.spec
-
-# Update Release in spec with Packit's release envvar
-sed -i "s/^Release:.*/Release: $PACKIT_RPMSPEC_RELEASE%{?dist}/" skopeo.spec
-
-# Update Source tarball name in spec
-sed -i "s/^Source:.*.tar.gz/Source: skopeo-$VERSION.tar.gz/" skopeo.spec
-
-# Update setup macro to use the correct build dir
-sed -i "s/^%setup.*/%autosetup -Sgit -n %{name}-$VERSION/" skopeo.spec

.packit.yaml

@@ -6,29 +6,144 @@
 # supported Fedora and CentOS Stream arches.
 # They do not block the current Cirrus-based workflow.
 
-# Build targets can be found at:
-# https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/rhcontainerbot/packit-builds/
+downstream_package_name: skopeo
+upstream_tag_template: v{version}
 
-specfile_path: skopeo.spec
+# These files get synced from upstream to downstream (Fedora / CentOS Stream) on every
+# propose-downstream job. This is done so tests maintained upstream can be run
+# downstream in Zuul CI and Bodhi.
+# Ref: https://packit.dev/docs/configuration#files_to_sync
+files_to_sync:
+  - src: rpm/gating.yaml
+    dest: gating.yaml
+    delete: true
+  - src: plans/
+    dest: plans/
+    delete: true
+    mkpath: true
+  - src: systemtest/tmt/
+    dest: test/tmt/
+    delete: true
+    mkpath: true
+  - src: .fmf/
+    dest: .fmf/
+    delete: true
+  - .packit.yaml
+
+packages:
+  skopeo-fedora:
+    pkg_tool: fedpkg
+    specfile_path: rpm/skopeo.spec
+  skopeo-centos:
+    pkg_tool: centpkg
+    specfile_path: rpm/skopeo.spec
+  skopeo-eln:
+    specfile_path: rpm/skopeo.spec
+
+srpm_build_deps:
+  - make
 
 jobs:
-  - &copr
-    job: copr_build
+  - job: copr_build
     trigger: pull_request
-    owner: rhcontainerbot
-    project: packit-builds
+    packages: [skopeo-fedora]
+    notifications: &copr_build_failure_notification
+      failure_comment:
+        message: "Ephemeral COPR build failed. @containers/packit-build please check."
+    targets: &fedora_copr_targets
+      - fedora-all-x86_64
+      - fedora-all-aarch64
     enable_net: true
-    srpm_build_deps:
-      - make
-      - rpkg
-    actions:
-      post-upstream-clone:
-        - "rpkg spec --outdir ./"
-      fix-spec-file:
-        - "bash .packit.sh"
 
-  - <<: *copr
-    # Run on commit to main branch
+  # Ignore until golang is updated in distro buildroot to go 1.23.3+
+  - job: copr_build
+    trigger: ignore
+    packages: [skopeo-eln]
+    notifications: *copr_build_failure_notification
+    targets:
+      fedora-eln-x86_64:
+        additional_repos:
+          - "https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org/repos/eln-build/latest/x86_64/"
+      fedora-eln-aarch64:
+        additional_repos:
+          - "https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org/repos/eln-build/latest/aarch64/"
+    enable_net: true
+
+  # Ignore until golang is updated in distro buildroot to go 1.23.3+
+  - job: copr_build
+    trigger: ignore
+    packages: [skopeo-centos]
+    notifications: *copr_build_failure_notification
+    targets: &centos_copr_targets
+      - centos-stream-9-x86_64
+      - centos-stream-9-aarch64
+      - centos-stream-10-x86_64
+      - centos-stream-10-aarch64
+    enable_net: true
+
+  # Run on commit to main branch
+  - job: copr_build
     trigger: commit
+    packages: [skopeo-fedora]
+    notifications:
+      failure_comment:
+        message: "podman-next COPR build failed. @containers/packit-build please check."
     branch: main
+    owner: rhcontainerbot
     project: podman-next
+    enable_net: true
+
+  # Tests on Fedora for main branch
+  - job: tests
+    trigger: pull_request
+    packages: [skopeo-fedora]
+    notifications: &test_failure_notification
+      failure_comment:
+        message: "Tests failed. @containers/packit-build please check."
+    targets: *fedora_copr_targets
+    tf_extra_params:
+      environments:
+        - artifacts:
+          - type: repository-file
+            id: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/rhcontainerbot/podman-next/repo/fedora-$releasever/rhcontainerbot-podman-next-fedora-$releasever.repo
+
+  # Tests on CentOS Stream for main branch
+  # Ignore until golang is updated in distro buildroot to go 1.23.3+
+  - job: tests
+    trigger: ignore
+    packages: [skopeo-centos]
+    notifications: *test_failure_notification
+    targets: *centos_copr_targets
+    tf_extra_params:
+      environments:
+        - artifacts:
+          - type: repository-file
+            id: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/rhcontainerbot/podman-next/repo/centos-stream-$releasever/rhcontainerbot-podman-next-centos-stream-$releasever.repo
+
+  # Sync to Fedora
+  - job: propose_downstream
+    trigger: release
+    packages: [skopeo-fedora]
+    update_release: false
+    dist_git_branches: &fedora_targets
+      - fedora-all
+
+  # Sync to CentOS Stream
+  - job: propose_downstream
+    trigger: release
+    packages: [skopeo-centos]
+    update_release: false
+    dist_git_branches:
+      - c10s
+
+  # Fedora Koji build
+  - job: koji_build
+    trigger: commit
+    packages: [skopeo-fedora]
+    sidetag_group: podman-releases
+    # Dependents are not rpm dependencies, but the package whose bodhi update
+    # should include this package.
+    # Ref: https://packit.dev/docs/fedora-releases-guide/releasing-multiple-packages
+    dependents:
+      - podman
+    dist_git_branches: *fedora_targets

CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 ## The skopeo Project Community Code of Conduct
 
-The skopeo project follows the [Containers Community Code of Conduct](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/main/CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md).
+The skopeo project, as part of Podman Container Tools, follows the [CNCF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/cncf/foundation/blob/main/code-of-conduct.md).

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -148,9 +148,13 @@ When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `
 
 ## Communications
 
-For general questions, or discussions, please use the 
-IRC channel on `irc.libera.chat` called `#container-projects`
-that has been setup.
+For general questions, or discussions, please use the
+[#podman](https://app.slack.com/client/T08PSQ7BQ/C08MXJLCFCN) channel on the [CNCF
+Slack](https://cloud-native.slack.com).
+
+For development related discussions, please use the
+[#podman-dev](https://app.slack.com/client/T08PSQ7BQ/C08NTKCDC1W) channel on the CNCF
+Slack.
 
 For discussions around issues/bugs and features, you can use the github
 [issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues)

GOVERNANCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## The Skopeo Project Community Governance
+
+The Skopeo project, as part of Podman Container Tools, follows the [Podman Project Governance](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/GOVERNANCE.md).

MAINTAINERS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Skopeo Maintainers
+
+[GOVERNANCE.md](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/GOVERNANCE.md)
+describes the project's governance and the Project Roles used below.
+
+## Maintainers
+
+| Maintainer        | GitHub ID                                                | Project Roles                    | Affiliation                                  |
+|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
+| Brent Baude       | [baude](https://github.com/baude)                        | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Nalin Dahyabhai   | [nalind](https://github.com/nalind)                      | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Matthew Heon      | [mheon](https://github.com/mheon)                        | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Paul Holzinger    | [Luap99](https://github.com/Luap99)                      | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Giuseppe Scrivano | [giuseppe](https://github.com/giuseppe)                  | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Miloslav Trmač    | [mtrmac](https://github.com/mtrmac)                      | Core Maintainer                  | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Neil Smith        | [Neil-Smith](https://github.com/Neil-Smith)              | Community Manager                | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Tom Sweeney       | [TomSweeneyRedHat](https://github.com/TomSweeneyRedHat/) | Maintainer and Community Manager | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Lokesh Mandvekar  | [lsm5](https://github.com/lsm5)                          | Maintainer                       | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Dan Walsh         | [rhatdan](https://github.com/rhatdan)                    | Maintainer                       | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Ashley Cui        | [ashley-cui](https://github.com/ashley-cui)              | Reviewer                         | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+| Valentin Rothberg | [vrothberg](https://github.com/vrothberg)                | Reviewer                         | [Red Hat](https://github.com/RedHatOfficial) |
+
+## Alumni
+
+None at present
+
+## Credits
+
+The structure of this document was based off of the equivalent one in the [CRI-O Project](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/blob/main/MAINTAINERS.md).

Makefile

@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ GOBIN := $(shell $(GO) env GOBIN)
 GOOS ?= $(shell go env GOOS)
 GOARCH ?= $(shell go env GOARCH)
 
+# N/B: This value is managed by Renovate, manual changes are
+# possible, as long as they don't disturb the formatting
+# (i.e. DO NOT ADD A 'v' prefix!)
+GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION := 2.1.6
+
 ifeq ($(GOBIN),)
 GOBIN := $(GOPATH)/bin
 endif
@@ -85,14 +90,13 @@ SKOPEO_LDFLAGS := -ldflags '-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT} $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)'
 MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
 MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
 
-BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
-LIBDM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libdm_tag.sh)
+BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
 LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libsubid_tag.sh)
-LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG)
+LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBSUBID_BUILD_TAG)
 BUILDTAGS += $(LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS)
 
 ifeq ($(DISABLE_CGO), 1)
-	override BUILDTAGS = exclude_graphdriver_devicemapper exclude_graphdriver_btrfs containers_image_openpgp
+	override BUILDTAGS = exclude_graphdriver_btrfs containers_image_openpgp
 endif
 
 #   make all DEBUG=1
@@ -112,6 +116,7 @@ help:
 	@echo " * 'install' - Install binaries and documents to system locations"
 	@echo " * 'binary' - Build skopeo with a container"
 	@echo " * 'bin/skopeo' - Build skopeo locally"
+	@echo " * 'bin/skopeo.OS.ARCH' - Build skopeo for specific OS and ARCH"
 	@echo " * 'test-unit' - Execute unit tests"
 	@echo " * 'test-integration' - Execute integration tests"
 	@echo " * 'validate' - Verify whether there is no conflict and all Go source files have been formatted, linted and vetted"
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ shell:
 
 tools:
 	if [ ! -x "$(GOBIN)/golangci-lint" ]; then \
-		curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(GOBIN) v1.52.2 ; \
+		curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(GOBIN) v$(GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION) ; \
 	fi
 
 check: validate test-unit test-integration test-system
@@ -232,7 +237,11 @@ test-all-local: validate-local validate-docs test-unit-local
 validate-local:
 	hack/validate-git-marks.sh
 	hack/validate-gofmt.sh
-	GOBIN=$(GOBIN) hack/validate-lint.sh
+	$(GOBIN)/golangci-lint run --build-tags "${BUILDTAGS}"
+	# An extra run with --tests=false allows detecting code unused outside of tests;
+	# ideally the linter should be able to find this automatically.
+	# Since everything is already cached, this additional run doesn't take much time.
+	$(GOBIN)/golangci-lint run --build-tags "${BUILDTAGS}" --tests=false
 	BUILDTAGS="${BUILDTAGS}" hack/validate-vet.sh
 
 # This invokes bin/skopeo, hence cannot be run as part of validate-local

OWNERS

@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 approvers:
-  - mtrmac
+  - baude
+  - giuseppe
   - lsm5
-  - TomSweeneyRedHat
+  - Luap99
+  - mheon
+  - mtrmac
+  - nalind
   - rhatdan
-  - vrothberg
+  - TomSweeneyRedHat
 reviewers:
   - ashley-cui
+  - baude
   - giuseppe
-  - containers/image-maintainers
   - lsm5
+  - Luap99
+  - mheon
   - mtrmac
-  - QiWang19
+  - nalind
   - rhatdan
-  - runcom
   - TomSweeneyRedHat
   - vrothberg

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
-<img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/main/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250" alt="Skopeo">
+<p align="center">
+   <img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/main/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250" alt="Skopeo">
+</p>
 
 ----
+![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache_2.0-blue.svg)
+![GitHub release (latest SemVer)](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/containers/skopeo)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/containers/skopeo)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/containers/skopeo)
+[![OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10516/badge)](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10516)
 
 `skopeo` is a command line utility that performs various operations on container images and image repositories.
 
@@ -45,6 +51,8 @@ Skopeo works with API V2 container image registries such as [docker.io](https://
 For a detailed description how to install or build skopeo, see
 [install.md](./install.md).
 
+Skopeo is also available as a Container Image on [quay.io](https://quay.io/skopeo/stable).  For more information, see the [Skopeo Image](https://github.com/containers/image_build/blob/main/skopeo/README.md) page.
+
 ## Inspecting a repository
 `skopeo` is able to _inspect_ a repository on a container registry and fetch images layers.
 The _inspect_ command fetches the repository's manifest and it is able to show you a `docker inspect`-like
@@ -211,8 +219,8 @@ Please read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) if you want to collaborate
 | [skopeo-login(1)](/docs/skopeo-login.1.md)         | Login to a container registry.                                                               |
 | [skopeo-logout(1)](/docs/skopeo-logout.1.md)       | Logout of a container registry.                                                              |
 | [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](/docs/skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest for a manifest-file and write it to standard output.   |
-| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](/docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Debugging tool - Publish and sign an image in one step.                                                         |
-| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](/docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image signature.                                                    |
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](/docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Debugging tool - Sign an image locally without uploading.                     |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](/docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Debugging tool - Verify an image signature from local files.                  |
 | [skopeo-sync(1)](/docs/skopeo-sync.1.md)           | Synchronize images between registry repositories and local directories.                      |
 
 License

ROADMAP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Skopeo Roadmap
+
+Skopeo intends to mostly continue to be a very thin CLI wrapper over the [https://github.com/containers/image](containers/image) library, with most features being added there, not to this repo. A typical new Skopeo feature would only add a CLI for a recent containers/image feature.
+
+## Future feature focus (most of the work must be done in the containers/image library)
+
+* OCI artifact support.
+* Integration of composefs.
+* Partial pull support (zstd:chunked).
+* Performance and stability improvements.
+* Reductions to the size of the Skopeo binary.
+* `skopeo sync` exists, and bugs in it should be fixed, but we don’t have much of an ambition to compete with much larger projects like [https://github.com/openshift/oc-mirror](oc-mirror).

cmd/skopeo/completions.go

@@ -1,16 +1,59 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
+	dockerArchive "github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/archive"
+	ociArchive "github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/archive"
+	oci "github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/sif"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/tarball"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"strings"
 )
 
-// autocompleteSupportedTransports list all supported transports with the colon suffix.
-func autocompleteSupportedTransports(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-	tps := transports.ListNames()
-	suggestions := make([]string, 0, len(tps))
-	for _, tp := range tps {
-		suggestions = append(suggestions, tp+":")
+func autocompleteImageNames(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]cobra.Completion, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	transport, details, haveTransport := strings.Cut(toComplete, ":")
+	if !haveTransport {
+		transports := supportedTransportSuggestions()
+		return transports, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	}
-	return suggestions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+	switch transport {
+	case ociArchive.Transport.Name(), dockerArchive.Transport.Name():
+		// Can have [:{*reference|@source-index}]
+		// FIXME: `oci-archive:/path/to/a.oci:<TAB>` completes paths
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+	case sif.Transport.Name():
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+
+	// Both directory and oci should have ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs to complete only directories, but it doesn't currently work in bash: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/2242
+	case oci.Transport.Name():
+		// Can have '[:{reference|@source-index}]'
+		// FIXME: `oci:/path/to/dir/:<TAB>` completes paths
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+	case directory.Transport.Name():
+		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+
+	case docker.Transport.Name():
+		if details == "" {
+			return []cobra.Completion{transport + "://"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+}
+
+// supportedTransportSuggestions list all supported transports with the colon suffix.
+func supportedTransportSuggestions() []string {
+	tps := transports.ListNames()
+	suggestions := make([]cobra.Completion, 0, len(tps))
+	for _, tp := range tps {
+		// ListNames is generally expected to filter out deprecated transports.
+		// tarball: is not deprecated, but it is only usable from a Go caller (using tarball.ConfigUpdater),
+		// so don’t offer it on the CLI.
+		if tp != tarball.Transport.Name() {
+			suggestions = append(suggestions, tp+":")
+		}
+	}
+	return suggestions
 }

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ type copyOptions struct {
 	encryptLayer             []int                     // The list of layers to encrypt
 	encryptionKeys           []string                  // Keys needed to encrypt the image
 	decryptionKeys           []string                  // Keys needed to decrypt the image
+	imageParallelCopies      uint                      // Maximum number of parallel requests when copying images
 }
 
 func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) *cobra.Command {
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
 		RunE:              commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example:           `skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest`,
-		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteImageNames,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.encryptionKeys, "encryption-key", []string{}, "*Experimental* key with the encryption protocol to use needed to encrypt the image (e.g. jwe:/path/to/key.pem)")
 	flags.IntSliceVar(&opts.encryptLayer, "encrypt-layer", []int{}, "*Experimental* the 0-indexed layer indices, with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer)")
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.decryptionKeys, "decryption-key", []string{}, "*Experimental* key needed to decrypt the image")
+	flags.UintVar(&opts.imageParallelCopies, "image-parallel-copies", 0, "Maximum number of image layers to be copied (pulled/pushed) simultaneously. Not setting this field will fall back to containers/image defaults.")
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -300,6 +302,7 @@ func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 			OciDecryptConfig:                 decConfig,
 			OciEncryptLayers:                 encLayers,
 			OciEncryptConfig:                 encConfig,
+			MaxParallelDownloads:             opts.imageParallelCopies,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err

cmd/skopeo/copy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1"},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"--insecure-policy", "copy"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Exactly two arguments expected")
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: Much more test coverage
+	// Actual feature tests exist in integration and systemtest
+}

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 `, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
 		RunE:              commandAction(opts.run),
 		Example:           `skopeo delete docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest`,
-		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteImageNames,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
 		Example: `skopeo inspect docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora
 skopeo inspect --config docker://docker.io/alpine
 skopeo inspect --format "Name: {{.Name}} Digest: {{.Digest}}" docker://registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8`,
-		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteSupportedTransports,
+		ValidArgsFunction: autocompleteImageNames,
 	}
 	adjustUsage(cmd)
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
@@ -106,8 +106,9 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		}
 	}()
 
+	unparsedInstance := image.UnparsedInstance(src, nil)
 	if err := retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
-		rawManifest, _, err = src.GetManifest(ctx, nil)
+		rawManifest, _, err = unparsedInstance.Manifest(ctx)
 		return err
 	}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error retrieving manifest for image: %w", err)
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	img, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, sys, image.UnparsedInstance(src, nil))
+	img, err := image.FromUnparsedImage(ctx, sys, unparsedInstance)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Error parsing manifest for image: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -151,12 +151,22 @@ func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
-			if closeErr := r.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w (close error: %v)", err, closeErr)
+		defer func() {
+			if err := r.Close(); err != nil {
+				retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, fmt.Sprintf("closing blob %q", bd.digest.String()), err)
 			}
+		}()
+		verifier := bd.digest.Verifier()
+		tr := io.TeeReader(r, verifier)
+		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, tr, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if _, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, tr); err != nil { // Ensure we process all of tr, so that we can validate the digest.
+			return err
+		}
+		if !verifier.Verified() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("corrupt blob %q", bd.digest.String())
+		}
 	}
 
 	var manifest []byte

cmd/skopeo/list_tags.go

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"sort"
+	"maps"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
 // tagListOutput is the output format of (skopeo list-tags), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ var transportHandlers = map[string]func(ctx context.Context, sys *types.SystemCo
 
 // supportedTransports returns all the supported transports
 func supportedTransports(joinStr string) string {
-	res := maps.Keys(transportHandlers)
-	sort.Strings(res)
+	res := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(transportHandlers))
 	return strings.Join(res, joinStr)
 }
 
@@ -78,16 +77,12 @@ See skopeo-list-tags(1) section "REPOSITORY NAMES" for the expected format
 // Customized version of the alltransports.ParseImageName and docker.ParseReference that does not place a default tag in the reference
 // Would really love to not have this, but needed to enforce tag-less and digest-less names
 func parseDockerRepositoryReference(refString string) (types.ImageReference, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(refString, docker.Transport.Name()+"://") {
+	dockerRefString, ok := strings.CutPrefix(refString, docker.Transport.Name()+"://")
+	if !ok {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker: image reference %s does not start with %s://", refString, docker.Transport.Name())
 	}
 
-	_, dockerImageName, hasColon := strings.Cut(refString, ":")
-	if !hasColon {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(`Invalid image name "%s", expected colon-separated transport:reference`, refString)
-	}
-
-	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(strings.TrimPrefix(dockerImageName, "//"))
+	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(dockerRefString)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

cmd/skopeo/list_tags_test.go

@@ -54,3 +54,17 @@ func TestDockerRepositoryReferenceParserDrift(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestListTags(t *testing.T) {
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1", "a2"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"list-tags"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Exactly one non-option argument expected")
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: Much more test coverage
+	// Actual feature tests exist in systemtest
+}

cmd/skopeo/login_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	authFile := filepath.Join(dir, "auth.json")
+	compatAuthFile := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+
+	// Just a trivial smoke-test exercising one error-handling path.
+	// We can’t test full operation without a registry, unit tests should mostly
+	// exist in c/common/pkg/auth, not here.
+	out, err := runSkopeo("login", "--authfile", authFile, "--compat-auth-file", compatAuthFile, "example.com")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "options for paths to the credential file and to the Docker-compatible credential file can not be set simultaneously")
+}

cmd/skopeo/logout_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestLogout(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	authFile := filepath.Join(dir, "auth.json")
+	compatAuthFile := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+
+	// Just a trivial smoke-test exercising one error-handling path.
+	// We can’t test full operation without a registry, unit tests should mostly
+	// exist in c/common/pkg/auth, not here.
+	err := os.WriteFile(authFile, []byte("{}"), 0o700)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = os.WriteFile(compatAuthFile, []byte("{}"), 0o700)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	out, err := runSkopeo("logout", "--authfile", authFile, "--compat-auth-file", compatAuthFile, "example.com")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "options for paths to the credential file and to the Docker-compatible credential file can not be set simultaneously")
+}

cmd/skopeo/main.go

@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	rootCmd, _ := createApp()
 	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		if isNotFoundImageError(err) {
+			logrus.StandardLogger().Log(logrus.FatalLevel, err)
+			logrus.Exit(2)
+		}
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }

cmd/skopeo/proxy.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !windows
-// +build !windows
 
 package main
 
@@ -71,15 +70,13 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/image"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
-	ocilayout "github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/blobinfocache"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
-	dockerdistributionerrcode "github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/errcode"
-	dockerdistributionapi "github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/v2"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -95,7 +92,10 @@ import (
 // 0.2.3: Added GetFullConfig
 // 0.2.4: Added OpenImageOptional
 // 0.2.5: Added LayerInfoJSON
-const protocolVersion = "0.2.5"
+// 0.2.6: Policy Verification before pulling OCI
+// 0.2.7: Added GetLayerInfoPiped
+// 0.2.8: Added GetRawBlob and reply.error_code
+const protocolVersion = "0.2.8"
 
 // maxMsgSize is the current limit on a packet size.
 // Note that all non-metadata (i.e. payload data) is sent over a pipe.
@@ -118,6 +118,23 @@ type request struct {
 	Args []any `json:"args"`
 }
 
+type proxyErrorCode string
+
+const (
+	// proxyErrPipe means we got EPIPE writing to a pipe owned by the client
+	proxyErrPipe proxyErrorCode = "EPIPE"
+	// proxyErrRetryable can be used by clients to automatically retry operations
+	proxyErrRetryable proxyErrorCode = "retryable"
+	// All other errors
+	proxyErrOther proxyErrorCode = "other"
+)
+
+// proxyError is serialized over the errfd channel for GetRawBlob
+type proxyError struct {
+	Code    proxyErrorCode `json:"code"`
+	Message string         `json:"message"`
+}
+
 // reply is serialized to JSON as the return value from a function call.
 type reply struct {
 	// Success is true if and only if the call succeeded.
@@ -126,6 +143,8 @@ type reply struct {
 	Value any `json:"value"`
 	// PipeID is an index into open pipes, and should be passed to FinishPipe
 	PipeID uint32 `json:"pipeid"`
+	// ErrorCode will be non-empty if error is set (new in 0.2.8)
+	ErrorCode proxyErrorCode `json:"error_code"`
 	// Error should be non-empty if Success == false
 	Error string `json:"error"`
 }
@@ -134,8 +153,11 @@ type reply struct {
 type replyBuf struct {
 	// value will be converted to a reply Value
 	value any
-	// fd is the read half of a pipe, passed back to the client
+	// fd is the read half of a pipe, passed back to the client for additional data
 	fd *os.File
+	// errfd will be a serialization of error state. This is optional and is currently
+	// only used by GetRawBlob.
+	errfd *os.File
 	// pipeid will be provided to the client as PipeID, an index into our open pipes
 	pipeid uint32
 }
@@ -154,7 +176,7 @@ type activePipe struct {
 // openImage is an opened image reference
 type openImage struct {
 	// id is an opaque integer handle
-	id        uint32
+	id        uint64
 	src       types.ImageSource
 	cachedimg types.Image
 }
@@ -169,9 +191,9 @@ type proxyHandler struct {
 	cache  types.BlobInfoCache
 
 	// imageSerial is a counter for open images
-	imageSerial uint32
+	imageSerial uint64
 	// images holds our opened images
-	images map[uint32]*openImage
+	images map[uint64]*openImage
 	// activePipes maps from "pipeid" to a pipe + goroutine pair
 	activePipes map[uint32]*activePipe
 }
@@ -184,6 +206,30 @@ type convertedLayerInfo struct {
 	MediaType string        `json:"media_type"`
 }
 
+// mapProxyErrorCode turns an error into a known string value.
+func mapProxyErrorCode(err error) proxyErrorCode {
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return ""
+	case errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE):
+		return proxyErrPipe
+	case retry.IsErrorRetryable(err):
+		return proxyErrRetryable
+	default:
+		return proxyErrOther
+	}
+}
+
+// newProxyError creates a serializable structure for
+// the client containing a mapped error code based
+// on the error type, plus its value as a string.
+func newProxyError(err error) proxyError {
+	return proxyError{
+		Code:    mapProxyErrorCode(err),
+		Message: fmt.Sprintf("%v", err),
+	}
+}
+
 // Initialize performs one-time initialization, and returns the protocol version
 func (h *proxyHandler) Initialize(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
@@ -218,26 +264,7 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) OpenImage(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	return h.openImageImpl(args, false)
 }
 
-// isDockerManifestUnknownError is a copy of code from containers/image,
-// please update there first.
-func isDockerManifestUnknownError(err error) bool {
-	var ec dockerdistributionerrcode.ErrorCoder
-	if !errors.As(err, &ec) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return ec.ErrorCode() == dockerdistributionapi.ErrorCodeManifestUnknown
-}
-
-// isNotFoundImageError heuristically attempts to determine whether an error
-// is saying the remote source couldn't find the image (as opposed to an
-// authentication error, an I/O error etc.)
-// TODO drive this into containers/image properly
-func isNotFoundImageError(err error) bool {
-	return isDockerManifestUnknownError(err) ||
-		errors.Is(err, ocilayout.ImageNotFoundError{})
-}
-
-func (h *proxyHandler) openImageImpl(args []any, allowNotFound bool) (replyBuf, error) {
+func (h *proxyHandler) openImageImpl(args []any, allowNotFound bool) (retReplyBuf replyBuf, retErr error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
 	defer h.lock.Unlock()
 	var ret replyBuf
@@ -266,6 +293,25 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) openImageImpl(args []any, allowNotFound bool) (replyBuf,
 		return ret, err
 	}
 
+	policyContext, err := h.opts.global.getPolicyContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := policyContext.Destroy(); err != nil {
+			retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "tearing down policy context", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	unparsedTopLevel := image.UnparsedInstance(imgsrc, nil)
+	allowed, err := policyContext.IsRunningImageAllowed(context.Background(), unparsedTopLevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	if !allowed {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("internal inconsistency: policy verification failed without returning an error")
+	}
+
 	// Note that we never return zero as an imageid; this code doesn't yet
 	// handle overflow though.
 	h.imageSerial++
@@ -279,7 +325,7 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) openImageImpl(args []any, allowNotFound bool) (replyBuf,
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-// OpenImage accepts a string image reference i.e. TRANSPORT:REF - like `skopeo copy`.
+// OpenImageOptional accepts a string image reference i.e. TRANSPORT:REF - like `skopeo copy`.
 // The return value is an opaque integer handle.  If the image does not exist, zero
 // is returned.
 func (h *proxyHandler) OpenImageOptional(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
@@ -307,14 +353,6 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) CloseImage(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func parseImageID(v any) (uint32, error) {
-	imgidf, ok := v.(float64)
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("expecting integer imageid, not %T", v)
-	}
-	return uint32(imgidf), nil
-}
-
 // parseUint64 validates that a number fits inside a JavaScript safe integer
 func parseUint64(v any) (uint64, error) {
 	f, ok := v.(float64)
@@ -328,7 +366,7 @@ func parseUint64(v any) (uint64, error) {
 }
 
 func (h *proxyHandler) parseImageFromID(v any) (*openImage, error) {
-	imgid, err := parseImageID(v)
+	imgid, err := parseUint64(v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -627,11 +665,97 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) GetBlob(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+// GetRawBlob can be viewed as a more general purpose successor
+// to GetBlob. First, it does not verify the digest, which in
+// some cases is unnecessary as the client would prefer to do it.
+//
+// It also does not use the "FinishPipe" API call, but instead
+// returns *two* file descriptors, one for errors and one for data.
+//
+// On (initial) success, the return value provided to the client is the size of the blob.
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetRawBlob(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("found %d args, expecting (imgid, digest)", len(args))
+	}
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	digestStr, ok := args[1].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("expecting string blobid")
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	d, err := digest.Parse(digestStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	blobr, blobSize, err := imgref.src.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: d, Size: int64(-1)}, h.cache)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	// Note this doesn't call allocPipe; we're not using the FinishPipe infrastructure.
+	piper, pipew, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		blobr.Close()
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	errpipeR, errpipeW, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		piper.Close()
+		pipew.Close()
+		blobr.Close()
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	// Asynchronous worker doing a copy
+	go func() {
+		// We own the read from registry, and write pipe objects
+		defer blobr.Close()
+		defer pipew.Close()
+		defer errpipeW.Close()
+		logrus.Debugf("Copying blob to client: %d bytes", blobSize)
+		_, err := io.Copy(pipew, blobr)
+		// Handle errors here by serializing a JSON error back over
+		// the error channel. In either case, both file descriptors
+		// will be closed, signaling the completion of the operation.
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("Sending error to client: %v", err)
+			serializedErr := newProxyError(err)
+			buf, err := json.Marshal(serializedErr)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Should never happen
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			_, writeErr := errpipeW.Write(buf)
+			if writeErr != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE) {
+				logrus.Debugf("Writing to client: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("Completed GetRawBlob operation")
+	}()
+
+	ret.value = blobSize
+	ret.fd = piper
+	ret.errfd = errpipeR
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
 // GetLayerInfo returns data about the layers of an image, useful for reading the layer contents.
 //
-// This needs to be called since the data returned by GetManifest() does not allow to correctly
-// calling GetBlob() for the containers-storage: transport (which doesn’t store the original compressed
-// representations referenced in the manifest).
+// This is the same as GetLayerInfoPiped, but returns its contents inline. This is subject to
+// failure for large images (because we use SOCK_SEQPACKET which has a maximum buffer size)
+// and is hence only retained for backwards compatibility. Callers are expected to use
+// the semver to know whether they can call the new API.
 func (h *proxyHandler) GetLayerInfo(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
 	defer h.lock.Unlock()
@@ -677,6 +801,59 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) GetLayerInfo(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+// GetLayerInfoPiped returns data about the layers of an image, useful for reading the layer contents.
+//
+// This needs to be called since the data returned by GetManifest() does not allow to correctly
+// calling GetBlob() for the containers-storage: transport (which doesn’t store the original compressed
+// representations referenced in the manifest).
+func (h *proxyHandler) GetLayerInfoPiped(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var ret replyBuf
+
+	if h.sysctx == nil {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("client error: must invoke Initialize")
+	}
+
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return ret, fmt.Errorf("found %d args, expecting (imgid)", len(args))
+	}
+
+	imgref, err := h.parseImageFromID(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	err = h.cacheTargetManifest(imgref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	img := imgref.cachedimg
+
+	layerInfos, err := img.LayerInfosForCopy(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	if layerInfos == nil {
+		layerInfos = img.LayerInfos()
+	}
+
+	layers := make([]convertedLayerInfo, 0, len(layerInfos))
+	for _, layer := range layerInfos {
+		layers = append(layers, convertedLayerInfo{layer.Digest, layer.Size, layer.MediaType})
+	}
+
+	serialized, err := json.Marshal(&layers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	return h.returnBytes(nil, serialized)
+}
+
 // FinishPipe waits for the worker goroutine to finish, and closes the write side of the pipe.
 func (h *proxyHandler) FinishPipe(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 	h.lock.Lock()
@@ -697,6 +874,7 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) FinishPipe(args []any) (replyBuf, error) {
 
 	// Wait for the goroutine to complete
 	f.wg.Wait()
+	logrus.Debug("Completed pipe goroutine")
 	// And only now do we close the write half; this forces the client to call this API
 	f.w.Close()
 	// Propagate any errors from the goroutine worker
@@ -718,29 +896,37 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) close() {
 
 // send writes a reply buffer to the socket
 func (buf replyBuf) send(conn *net.UnixConn, err error) error {
+	logrus.Debugf("Sending reply: err=%v value=%v pipeid=%v datafd=%v errfd=%v", err, buf.value, buf.pipeid, buf.fd, buf.errfd)
+	// We took ownership of these FDs, so close when we're done sending them or on error
+	defer func() {
+		if buf.fd != nil {
+			buf.fd.Close()
+		}
+		if buf.errfd != nil {
+			buf.errfd.Close()
+		}
+	}()
 	replyToSerialize := reply{
 		Success: err == nil,
 		Value:   buf.value,
 		PipeID:  buf.pipeid,
 	}
 	if err != nil {
+		replyToSerialize.ErrorCode = mapProxyErrorCode(err)
 		replyToSerialize.Error = err.Error()
 	}
 	serializedReply, err := json.Marshal(&replyToSerialize)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// We took ownership of the FD - close it when we're done.
-	defer func() {
-		if buf.fd != nil {
-			buf.fd.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-	// Copy the FD number to the socket ancillary buffer
+	// Copy the FD number(s) to the socket ancillary buffer
 	fds := make([]int, 0)
 	if buf.fd != nil {
 		fds = append(fds, int(buf.fd.Fd()))
 	}
+	if buf.errfd != nil {
+		fds = append(fds, int(buf.errfd.Fd()))
+	}
 	oob := syscall.UnixRights(fds...)
 	n, oobn, err := conn.WriteMsgUnix(serializedReply, oob, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -792,6 +978,8 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) processRequest(readBytes []byte) (rb replyBuf, terminate
 		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid request: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
+	logrus.Debugf("Executing method %s", req.Method)
+
 	// Dispatch on the method
 	switch req.Method {
 	case "Initialize":
@@ -810,8 +998,12 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) processRequest(readBytes []byte) (rb replyBuf, terminate
 		rb, err = h.GetFullConfig(req.Args)
 	case "GetBlob":
 		rb, err = h.GetBlob(req.Args)
+	case "GetRawBlob":
+		rb, err = h.GetRawBlob(req.Args)
 	case "GetLayerInfo":
 		rb, err = h.GetLayerInfo(req.Args)
+	case "GetLayerInfoPiped":
+		rb, err = h.GetLayerInfoPiped(req.Args)
 	case "FinishPipe":
 		rb, err = h.FinishPipe(req.Args)
 	case "Shutdown":
@@ -828,7 +1020,7 @@ func (h *proxyHandler) processRequest(readBytes []byte) (rb replyBuf, terminate
 func (opts *proxyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 	handler := &proxyHandler{
 		opts:        opts,
-		images:      make(map[uint32]*openImage),
+		images:      make(map[uint64]*openImage),
 		activePipes: make(map[uint32]*activePipe),
 	}
 	defer handler.close()
@@ -855,6 +1047,7 @@ func (opts *proxyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
 
 		rb, terminate, err := handler.processRequest(readbuf)
 		if terminate {
+			logrus.Debug("terminating")
 			return nil
 		}
 

cmd/skopeo/proxy_windows.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build windows
-// +build windows
 
 package main
 

cmd/skopeo/sync.go

@@ -10,14 +10,17 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3"
 	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
 	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/copy"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/cli"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/cli/sigstore"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/signature/signer"
@@ -26,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ type syncOptions struct {
 	format                   commonFlag.OptionalString // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
 	source                   string                    // Source repository name
 	destination              string                    // Destination registry name
+	digestFile               string                    // Write digest to this file
 	scoped                   bool                      // When true, namespace copied images at destination using the source repository name
 	all                      bool                      // Copy all of the images if an image in the source is a list
 	dryRun                   bool                      // Don't actually copy anything, just output what it would have done
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ type tlsVerifyConfig struct {
 type registrySyncConfig struct {
 	Images           map[string][]string    // Images map images name to slices with the images' references (tags, digests)
 	ImagesByTagRegex map[string]string      `yaml:"images-by-tag-regex"` // Images map images name to regular expression with the images' tags
+	ImagesBySemver   map[string]string      `yaml:"images-by-semver"`    // ImagesBySemver maps a repository to a semver constraint (e.g. '>=3.14') to match images' tags to
 	Credentials      types.DockerAuthConfig // Username and password used to authenticate with the registry
 	TLSVerify        tlsVerifyConfig        `yaml:"tls-verify"` // TLS verification mode (enabled by default)
 	CertDir          string                 `yaml:"cert-dir"`   // Path to the TLS certificates of the registry
@@ -119,6 +123,7 @@ See skopeo-sync(1) for details.
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.destination, "dest", "d", "", "DESTINATION transport type")
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.scoped, "scoped", false, "Images at DESTINATION are prefix using the full source image path as scope")
 	flags.StringVar(&opts.appendSuffix, "append-suffix", "", "String to append to DESTINATION tags")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.digestFile, "digestfile", "", "Write the digests and Image References of the resulting images to the specified file, separated by newlines")
 	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.all, "all", "a", false, "Copy all images if SOURCE-IMAGE is a list")
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.dryRun, "dry-run", false, "Run without actually copying data")
 	flags.BoolVar(&opts.preserveDigests, "preserve-digests", false, "Preserve digests of images and lists")
@@ -304,6 +309,14 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourc
 		serverCtx.DockerAuthConfig = &cfg.Credentials
 	}
 	var repoDescList []repoDescriptor
+
+	if len(cfg.Images) == 0 && len(cfg.ImagesByTagRegex) == 0 && len(cfg.ImagesBySemver) == 0 {
+		logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"registry": registryName,
+		}).Warn("No images specified for registry")
+		return repoDescList, nil
+	}
+
 	for imageName, refs := range cfg.Images {
 		repoLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 			"repo":     imageName,
@@ -368,63 +381,146 @@ func imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName string, cfg registrySyncConfig, sourc
 			Context:   serverCtx})
 	}
 
-	for imageName, tagRegex := range cfg.ImagesByTagRegex {
-		repoLogger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"repo":     imageName,
-			"registry": registryName,
-		})
-		repoRef, err := parseRepositoryReference(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", registryName, imageName))
+	// include repository descriptors for cfg.ImagesByTagRegex
+	{
+		filterCollection, err := tagRegexFilterCollection(cfg.ImagesByTagRegex)
 		if err != nil {
-			repoLogger.Error("Error parsing repository name, skipping")
 			logrus.Error(err)
-			continue
+		} else {
+			additionalRepoDescList := filterSourceReferences(serverCtx, registryName, filterCollection)
+			repoDescList = append(repoDescList, additionalRepoDescList...)
 		}
+	}
 
-		repoLogger.Info("Processing repo")
-
-		var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
-
-		tagReg, err := regexp.Compile(tagRegex)
+	// include repository descriptors for cfg.ImagesBySemver
+	{
+		filterCollection, err := semverFilterCollection(cfg.ImagesBySemver)
 		if err != nil {
-			repoLogger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-				"regex": tagRegex,
-			}).Error("Error parsing regex, skipping")
 			logrus.Error(err)
-			continue
+		} else {
+			additionalRepoDescList := filterSourceReferences(serverCtx, registryName, filterCollection)
+			repoDescList = append(repoDescList, additionalRepoDescList...)
 		}
-
-		repoLogger.Info("Querying registry for image tags")
-		allSourceReferences, err := imagesToCopyFromRepo(serverCtx, repoRef)
-		if err != nil {
-			repoLogger.Error("Error processing repo, skipping")
-			logrus.Error(err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		repoLogger.Infof("Start filtering using the regular expression: %v", tagRegex)
-		for _, sReference := range allSourceReferences {
-			tagged, isTagged := sReference.DockerReference().(reference.Tagged)
-			if !isTagged {
-				repoLogger.Errorf("Internal error, reference %s does not have a tag, skipping", sReference.DockerReference())
-				continue
-			}
-			if tagReg.MatchString(tagged.Tag()) {
-				sourceReferences = append(sourceReferences, sReference)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if len(sourceReferences) == 0 {
-			repoLogger.Warnf("No refs to sync found")
-			continue
-		}
-		repoDescList = append(repoDescList, repoDescriptor{
-			ImageRefs: sourceReferences,
-			Context:   serverCtx})
 	}
 
 	return repoDescList, nil
 }
 
+// filterFunc is a function used to limit the initial set of image references
+// using tags, patterns, semver, etc.
+type filterFunc func(*logrus.Entry, types.ImageReference) bool
+
+// filterCollection is a map of repository names to filter functions.
+type filterCollection map[string]filterFunc
+
+// filterSourceReferences lists tags for images specified in the collection and
+// filters them using assigned filter functions.
+// It returns a list of repoDescriptors.
+func filterSourceReferences(sys *types.SystemContext, registryName string, collection filterCollection) []repoDescriptor {
+	var repoDescList []repoDescriptor
+	for repoName, filter := range collection {
+		logger := logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"repo":     repoName,
+			"registry": registryName,
+		})
+
+		repoRef, err := parseRepositoryReference(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", registryName, repoName))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Error parsing repository name, skipping")
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		logger.Info("Processing repo")
+
+		var sourceReferences []types.ImageReference
+
+		logger.Info("Querying registry for image tags")
+		sourceReferences, err = imagesToCopyFromRepo(sys, repoRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Error processing repo, skipping")
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var filteredSourceReferences []types.ImageReference
+		for _, ref := range sourceReferences {
+			if filter(logger, ref) {
+				filteredSourceReferences = append(filteredSourceReferences, ref)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(filteredSourceReferences) == 0 {
+			logger.Warnf("No refs to sync found")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		repoDescList = append(repoDescList, repoDescriptor{
+			ImageRefs: filteredSourceReferences,
+			Context:   sys,
+		})
+	}
+	return repoDescList
+}
+
+// tagRegexFilterCollection converts a map of (repository name, tag regex) pairs
+// into a filterCollection, which is a map of (repository name, filter function)
+// pairs.
+func tagRegexFilterCollection(collection map[string]string) (filterCollection, error) {
+	filters := filterCollection{}
+
+	for repoName, tagRegex := range collection {
+		pattern, err := regexp.Compile(tagRegex)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		f := func(logger *logrus.Entry, sourceReference types.ImageReference) bool {
+			tagged, isTagged := sourceReference.DockerReference().(reference.Tagged)
+			if !isTagged {
+				logger.Errorf("Internal error, reference %s does not have a tag, skipping", sourceReference.DockerReference())
+				return false
+			}
+			return pattern.MatchString(tagged.Tag())
+		}
+		filters[repoName] = f
+	}
+
+	return filters, nil
+}
+
+// semverFilterCollection converts a map of (repository name, array of semver constraints) pairs
+// into a filterCollection, which is a map of (repository name, filter function)
+// pairs.
+func semverFilterCollection(collection map[string]string) (filterCollection, error) {
+	filters := filterCollection{}
+
+	for repoName, constraintString := range collection {
+		constraint, err := semver.NewConstraint(constraintString)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		f := func(logger *logrus.Entry, sourceReference types.ImageReference) bool {
+			tagged, isTagged := sourceReference.DockerReference().(reference.Tagged)
+			if !isTagged {
+				logger.Errorf("Internal error, reference %s does not have a tag, skipping", sourceReference.DockerReference())
+				return false
+			}
+			tagVersion, err := semver.NewVersion(tagged.Tag())
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Tracef("Tag %q cannot be parsed as semver, skipping", tagged.Tag())
+				return false
+			}
+			return constraint.Check(tagVersion)
+		}
+
+		filters[repoName] = f
+	}
+
+	return filters, nil
+}
+
 // imagesToCopy retrieves all the images to copy from a specified sync source
 // and transport.
 // It returns a slice of repository descriptors, where each descriptor is a
@@ -489,13 +585,6 @@ func imagesToCopy(source string, transport string, sourceCtx *types.SystemContex
 			return descriptors, err
 		}
 		for registryName, registryConfig := range cfg {
-			if len(registryConfig.Images) == 0 && len(registryConfig.ImagesByTagRegex) == 0 {
-				logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-					"registry": registryName,
-				}).Warn("No images specified for registry")
-				continue
-			}
-
 			descs, err := imagesToCopyFromRegistry(registryName, registryConfig, *sourceCtx)
 			if err != nil {
 				return descriptors, fmt.Errorf("Failed to retrieve list of images from registry %q: %w", registryName, err)
@@ -637,10 +726,24 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 		logrus.Warn("Running in dry-run mode")
 	}
 
+	var digestFile *os.File
+	if opts.digestFile != "" && !opts.dryRun {
+		digestFile, err = os.OpenFile(opts.digestFile, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error creating digest file: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			if err := digestFile.Close(); err != nil {
+				retErr = noteCloseFailure(retErr, "closing digest file", err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
 	for _, srcRepo := range srcRepoList {
 		options.SourceCtx = srcRepo.Context
 		for counter, ref := range srcRepo.ImageRefs {
 			var destSuffix string
+			var manifestBytes []byte
 			switch ref.Transport() {
 			case docker.Transport:
 				// docker -> dir or docker -> docker
@@ -672,7 +775,7 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 			} else {
 				logrus.WithFields(fromToFields).Infof("Copying image ref %d/%d", counter+1, len(srcRepo.ImageRefs))
 				if err = retry.IfNecessary(ctx, func() error {
-					_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, ref, &options)
+					manifestBytes, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, ref, &options)
 					return err
 				}, opts.retryOpts); err != nil {
 					if !opts.keepGoing {
@@ -684,7 +787,19 @@ func (opts *syncOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
 					logrus.WithError(err).Errorf("Error copying ref %q", transports.ImageName(ref))
 					continue
 				}
+				// Ensure that we log the manifest digest to a file only if the copy operation was successful
+				if opts.digestFile != "" {
+					manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest(manifestBytes)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					outputStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", manifestDigest.String(), transports.ImageName(destRef))
+					if _, err = digestFile.WriteString(outputStr + "\n"); err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("Failed to write digest to file %q: %w", opts.digestFile, err)
+					}
+				}
 			}
+
 			imagesNumber++
 		}
 	}

cmd/skopeo/sync_test.go

@@ -44,3 +44,18 @@ func TestTLSVerifyConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(`tls-verify: "not a valid bool"`), &config)
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
+
+func TestSync(t *testing.T) {
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1"},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"sync"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Exactly two arguments expected")
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: Much more test coverage
+	// Actual feature tests exist in integration and systemtest
+}

cmd/skopeo/unshare.go

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 //go:build !linux
-// +build !linux
 
 package main
 
-func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(inputImageNames ...string) error {
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(_ ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }

cmd/skopeo/unshare_linux.go

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/unshare"
-	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+	"github.com/moby/sys/capability"
 )
 
 var neededCapabilities = []capability.Cap{

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -7,14 +7,19 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	commonFlag "github.com/containers/common/pkg/flag"
 	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/retry"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/directory"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
+	ocilayout "github.com/containers/image/v5/oci/layout"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/pkg/compression"
+	"github.com/containers/image/v5/storage"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/transports/alltransports"
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/types"
+	dockerdistributionerrcode "github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/errcode"
+	dockerdistributionapi "github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/v2"
 	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
 
-// errorShouldDisplayUsage is a subtype of error used by command handlers to indicate that cli.ShowSubcommandHelp should be called.
+// errorShouldDisplayUsage is a subtype of error used by command handlers to indicate that the command’s help should be included.
 type errorShouldDisplayUsage struct {
 	error
 }
@@ -58,7 +63,8 @@ func commandAction(handler func(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error) func(cmd
 		err := handler(args, c.OutOrStdout())
 		var shouldDisplayUsage errorShouldDisplayUsage
 		if errors.As(err, &shouldDisplayUsage) {
-			return c.Help()
+			c.SetOut(c.ErrOrStderr()) // This mutates c, but we are failing anyway.
+			_ = c.Help()              // Even if this failed, we prefer to report the original error
 		}
 		return err
 	}
@@ -179,6 +185,7 @@ func retryFlags() (pflag.FlagSet, *retry.Options) {
 	opts := retry.Options{}
 	fs := pflag.FlagSet{}
 	fs.IntVar(&opts.MaxRetry, "retry-times", 0, "the number of times to possibly retry")
+	fs.DurationVar(&opts.Delay, "retry-delay", 0*time.Second, "Fixed delay between retries. If not set, retry uses an exponential backoff delay.")
 	return fs, &opts
 }
 
@@ -193,8 +200,8 @@ func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
 	ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.shared.authFilePath
 	ctx.DockerDaemonHost = opts.dockerDaemonHost
 	ctx.DockerDaemonCertPath = opts.dockerCertPath
-	if opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.Present() {
-		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.dockerImageOptions.authFilePath.Value()
+	if opts.authFilePath.Present() {
+		ctx.AuthFilePath = opts.authFilePath.Value()
 	}
 	if opts.deprecatedTLSVerify != nil && opts.deprecatedTLSVerify.tlsVerify.Present() {
 		// If both this deprecated option and a non-deprecated option is present, we use the latter value.
@@ -406,3 +413,23 @@ func promptForPassphrase(privateKeyFile string, stdin, stdout *os.File) (string,
 	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "\n")
 	return string(passphrase), nil
 }
+
+// isNotFoundImageError heuristically attempts to determine whether an error
+// is saying the remote source couldn't find the image (as opposed to an
+// authentication error, an I/O error etc.)
+// TODO drive this into containers/image properly
+func isNotFoundImageError(err error) bool {
+	return isDockerManifestUnknownError(err) ||
+		errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNoSuchImage) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ocilayout.ImageNotFoundError{})
+}
+
+// isDockerManifestUnknownError is a copy of code from containers/image,
+// please update there first.
+func isDockerManifestUnknownError(err error) bool {
+	var ec dockerdistributionerrcode.ErrorCoder
+	if !errors.As(err, &ec) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ec.ErrorCode() == dockerdistributionapi.ErrorCodeManifestUnknown
+}

contrib/cirrus/mac_cleanup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script is intended to be called by Cirrus-CI on a Mac M1 persistent worker.
+# It performs a best-effort attempt at cleaning up from one task execution to the next.
+# Since it run both before and after tasks, it must exit cleanly if there was a cleanup
+# failure (i.e. file or directory not found).
+
+# Help anybody debugging side-effects, since failures are ignored (by necessity).
+set +e -x
+
+# These are the main processes which could leak out of testing.
+killall podman vfkit gvproxy make go ginkgo
+
+mkdir -p $TMPDIR
+
+# Golang will leave behind lots of read-only bits, ref:
+# https://go.dev/ref/mod#module-cache
+# However other tools/scripts could also set things read-only.
+# At this point in CI, we really want all this stuff gone-gone,
+# so there's actually zero-chance it can interfere.
+chmod -R u+w $TMPDIR/* $TMPDIR/.??*
+
+# This is defined as $TMPDIR during setup.  Name must be kept
+# "short" as sockets may reside here.  Darwin suffers from
+# the same limited socket-pathname character-length restriction
+# as Linux.
+rm -rf $TMPDIR/* $TMPDIR/.??*
+
+# Don't change or clobber anything under $CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR for
+# the currently running task.  But make sure we have write permission
+# (go get sets dependencies ro) for everything else, before removing it.
+# First make everything writeable - see the "Golang will..." comment above.
+# shellcheck disable=SC2154
+find "$HOME/ci" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 \
+    -not -name "*task-${CIRRUS_TASK_ID}*" -prune -exec chmod -R u+w '{}' +
+find "$HOME/ci" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 \
+    -not -name "*task-${CIRRUS_TASK_ID}*" -prune -exec rm -rf '{}' +
+
+# Bash scripts exit with the status of the last command.
+true

contrib/cirrus/ostree_ext.dockerfile

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ ARG CIRRUS_IMAGE_VERSION
 ENV CIRRUS_IMAGE_VERSION=$CIRRUS_IMAGE_VERSION
 ADD https://sh.rustup.rs /var/tmp/rustup_installer.sh
 
-RUN dnf erase -y rust && \
+RUN dnf remove -y rust && \
     chmod +x /var/tmp/rustup_installer.sh && \
     /var/tmp/rustup_installer.sh -y --default-toolchain stable --profile minimal
 

contrib/cirrus/runner.sh

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ _run_setup() {
     fi
 
     # VM's come with the distro. skopeo package pre-installed
-    dnf erase -y skopeo
+    dnf remove -y skopeo
 
     msg "Removing systemd-resolved from nsswitch.conf"
     # /etc/resolv.conf is already set to bypass systemd-resolvd
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ _run_system() {
     make test-system-local BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"
 }
 
-req_env_vars SKOPEO_PATH BUILDTAGS
+req_env_vars SKOPEO_PATH
 
 handler="_run_${1}"
 if [ "$(type -t $handler)" != "function" ]; then

contrib/skopeoimage/README.md

@@ -1,70 +1,2 @@
-[comment]: <> (***ATTENTION*** ***WARNING*** ***ALERT*** ***CAUTION*** ***DANGER***)
-[comment]: <> ()
-[comment]: <> (ANY changes made to this file, once committed/merged must)
-[comment]: <> (be manually copy/pasted -in markdown- into the description)
-[comment]: <> (field on Quay at the following locations:)
-[comment]: <> ()
-[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/containers/skopeo)
-[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/skopeo/stable)
-[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/skopeo/testing)
-[comment]: <> (https://quay.io/repository/skopeo/upstream)
-[comment]: <> ()
-[comment]: <> (***ATTENTION*** ***WARNING*** ***ALERT*** ***CAUTION*** ***DANGER***)
-
-<img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/main/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250">
-
-----
-
-# skopeoimage
-
-## Overview
-
-This directory contains the Containerfiles necessary to create the skopeoimage container
-images that are housed on quay.io under the skopeo account.  All repositories where
-the images live are public and can be pulled without credentials.  These container images are secured and the
-resulting containers can run safely with privileges within the container.
-
-The container images are built using the latest Fedora and then Skopeo is installed into them.
-The PATH in the container images is set to the default PATH provided by Fedora.  Also, the
-ENTRYPOINT and the WORKDIR variables are not set within these container images, as such they
-default to `/`.
-
-The container images are:
-
-  * `quay.io/containers/skopeo:v<version>` and `quay.io/skopeo/stable:v<version>` -
-    These images are built daily.  These images are intended contain an unchanging
-    and stable version of skopeo.  For the most recent `<version>` tags (`vX`,
-    `vX.Y`, and `vX.Y.Z`) the image contents will be updated daily to incorporate
-    (especially) security updates.  For build details, please[see the configuration
-    file](stable/Containerfile).
-  * `quay.io/containers/skopeo:latest` and `quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest` -
-    Built daily using the same Containerfile as above.  The skopeo version
-    will remain the "latest" available in Fedora, however the other image
-    contents may vary compared to the version-tagged images.
-  * `quay.io/skopeo/testing:latest` - This image is built daily, using the
-    latest version of Skopeo that was in the Fedora `updates-testing` repository.
-    The image is Built with [the testing Containerfile](testing/Containerfile).
-  * `quay.io/skopeo/upstream:latest` - This image is built daily using the latest
-    code found in this GitHub repository.  Due to the image changing frequently,
-    it's not guaranteed to be stable or even executable.  The image is built with
-    [the upstream Containerfile](upstream/Containerfile).
-
-
-## Sample Usage
-
-Although not required, it is suggested that [Podman](https://github.com/containers/podman) be used with these container images.
-
-```
-# Get Help on Skopeo
-podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest --help
-
-# Get help on the Skopeo Copy command
-podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy --help
-
-# Copy the Skopeo container image from quay.io to
-# a private registry
-podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable docker://registry.internal.company.com/skopeo
-
-# Inspect the fedora:latest image
-podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest inspect --config docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest  | jq
-```
+The skopeo container image build context and automation have been
+moved to [https://github.com/containers/image_build/tree/main/skopeo](https://github.com/containers/image_build/tree/main/skopeo)

contrib/skopeoimage/stable/Containerfile

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# stable/Containerfile
-#
-# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
-# stable version of Skopeo on the Fedoras Updates System.
-# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
-# This image can be used to create a secured container
-# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
-#
-FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
-
-# Don't include container-selinux and remove
-# directories used by dnf that are just taking
-# up space.
-# TODO: rpm --setcaps... needed due to Fedora (base) image builds
-#       being (maybe still?) affected by
-#       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1995337#c3
-RUN dnf -y update && \
-    rpm --setcaps shadow-utils 2>/dev/null && \
-    dnf -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs \
-        --exclude container-selinux && \
-    dnf clean all && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*
-
-RUN useradd skopeo && \
-    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid && \
-    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
-
-# Copy & modify the defaults to provide reference if runtime changes needed.
-# Changes here are required for running with fuse-overlay storage inside container.
-RUN sed -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' \
-        -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' \
-        -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' \
-        /usr/share/containers/storage.conf \
-        > /etc/containers/storage.conf
-
-# Setup the ability to use additional stores
-# with this container image.
-RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images \
-             /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers && \
-    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock && \
-    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
-
-# Point to the Authorization file
-ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/tmp/auth.json
-
-# Set the entrypoint
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/testing/Containerfile

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# testing/Containerfile
-#
-# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
-# version of Skopeo that is in updates-testing
-# on the Fedoras Updates System.
-# https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=skopeo
-# This image can be used to create a secured container
-# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
-#
-FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
-
-# Don't include container-selinux and remove
-# directories used by dnf that are just taking
-# up space.
-# TODO: rpm --setcaps... needed due to Fedora (base) image builds
-#       being (maybe still?) affected by
-#       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1995337#c3
-RUN dnf -y update && \
-    rpm --setcaps shadow-utils 2>/dev/null && \
-    dnf -y install skopeo fuse-overlayfs \
-        --exclude container-selinux \
-        --enablerepo updates-testing && \
-    dnf clean all && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*
-
-RUN useradd skopeo && \
-    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid && \
-    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
-
-# Copy & modify the defaults to provide reference if runtime changes needed.
-# Changes here are required for running with fuse-overlay storage inside container.
-RUN sed -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' \
-        -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' \
-        -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' \
-        /usr/share/containers/storage.conf \
-        > /etc/containers/storage.conf
-
-# Setup the ability to use additional stores
-# with this container image.
-RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images \
-             /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers && \
-    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock && \
-    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
-
-# Point to the Authorization file
-ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/tmp/auth.json
-
-# Set the entrypoint
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

contrib/skopeoimage/upstream/Containerfile

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# upstream/Containerfile
-#
-# Build a Skopeo container image from the latest
-# upstream version of Skopeo on GitHub.
-# https://github.com/containers/skopeo
-# This image can be used to create a secured container
-# that runs safely with privileges within the container.
-#
-FROM registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
-
-# Don't include container-selinux and remove
-# directories used by dnf that are just taking
-# up space.
-# TODO: rpm --setcaps... needed due to Fedora (base) image builds
-#       being (maybe still?) affected by
-#       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1995337#c3
-RUN dnf -y update && \
-    rpm --setcaps shadow-utils 2>/dev/null && \
-    dnf -y install 'dnf-command(copr)' --enablerepo=updates-testing && \
-    dnf -y copr enable rhcontainerbot/podman-next && \
-    dnf -y install skopeo \
-        --exclude container-selinux \
-        --enablerepo=updates-testing && \
-    dnf clean all && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache /var/log/dnf* /var/log/yum.*
-
-RUN useradd skopeo && \
-    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subuid && \
-    echo skopeo:100000:65536 > /etc/subgid
-
-# Copy & modify the defaults to provide reference if runtime changes needed.
-# Changes here are required for running with fuse-overlay storage inside container.
-RUN sed -e 's|^#mount_program|mount_program|g' \
-        -e '/additionalimage.*/a "/var/lib/shared",' \
-        -e 's|^mountopt[[:space:]]*=.*$|mountopt = "nodev,fsync=0"|g' \
-        /usr/share/containers/storage.conf \
-        > /etc/containers/storage.conf
-
-# Setup the ability to use additional stores
-# with this container image.
-RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/shared/overlay-images \
-             /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers && \
-    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-images/images.lock && \
-    touch /var/lib/shared/overlay-layers/layers.lock
-
-# Point to the Authorization file
-ENV REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=/tmp/auth.json
-
-# Set the entrypoint
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/skopeo"]

docs/skopeo-copy.1.md

@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ After copying the image, write the digest of the resulting image to the file.
 
 **--preserve-digests**
 
-Preserve the digests during copying. Fail if the digest cannot be preserved. Consider using `--all` at the same time.
+Preserve the digests during copying. Fail if the digest cannot be preserved.
+
+This option does not change what will be copied; consider using `--all` at the same time.
 
 **--encrypt-layer** _ints_
 
@@ -180,7 +182,9 @@ Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
 
 **--dest-compress-format** _format_
 
-Specifies the compression format to use.  Supported values are: `gzip` and `zstd`.
+Specifies the compression format to use.  Supported values are: `gzip`, `zstd` and `zstd:chunked`.
+`zstd:chunked` is incompatible with encrypting images,
+and will be treated as `zstd` with a warning in that case.
 
 **--dest-compress-level** _format_
 
@@ -200,7 +204,11 @@ Precompute digests to ensure layers are not uploaded that already exist on the d
 
 **--retry-times**
 
-The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+The number of times to retry.
+
+**--retry-delay**
+
+Fixed delay between retries. If not set (or set to 0s), retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
 
 **--src-username**
 
@@ -218,6 +226,10 @@ The username to access the destination registry.
 
 The password to access the destination registry.
 
+**--image-parallel-copies** _n_
+
+Maximum number of image layers to be copied (pulled/pushed) simultaneously. Not setting this field will fall back to containers/image defaults.
+
 ## EXAMPLES
 
 To just copy an image from one registry to another:

docs/skopeo-delete.1.md

@@ -66,7 +66,11 @@ Bearer token for accessing the registry.
 
 **--retry-times**
 
-The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+The number of times to retry.
+
+**--retry-delay**
+
+Fixed delay between retries. If not set (or set to 0s), retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
 
 **--shared-blob-dir** _directory_
 

docs/skopeo-generate-sigstore-key.1.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The private key is encrypted with a passphrase;
 if one is not provided using an option, this command prompts for it interactively.
 
 The private key is written to _prefix_**.private** .
-The private key is written to _prefix_**.pub** .
+The public key is written to _prefix_**.pub** .
 
 ## OPTIONS
 

docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md

@@ -65,7 +65,11 @@ Registry token for accessing the registry.
 
 **--retry-times**
 
-The number of times to retry; retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+The number of times to retry.
+
+**--retry-delay**
+
+Fixed delay between retries. If not set (or set to 0s), retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
 
 **--shared-blob-dir** _directory_
 

docs/skopeo-list-tags.1.md

@@ -39,7 +39,11 @@ Bearer token for accessing the registry.
 
 **--retry-times**
 
-The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+The number of times to retry.
+
+**--retry-delay**
+
+Fixed delay between retries. If not set (or set to 0s), retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
 
 **--tls-verify**=_bool_
 

docs/skopeo-login.1.md

@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth
 Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY\_AUTH\_FILE
 environment variable. `export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path`
 
+**--compat-auth-file**=*path*
+
+Instead of updating the default credentials file, update the one at *path*, and use a Docker-compatible format.
+
 **--get-login**
 
 Return the logged-in user for the registry. Return error if no login is found.

docs/skopeo-logout.1.md

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth
 Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY\_AUTH\_FILE
 environment variable. `export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path`
 
+**--compat-auth-file**=*path*
+
+Instead of updating the default credentials file, update the one at *path*, and use a Docker-compatible format.
+
 **--all**, **-a**
 
 Remove the cached credentials for all registries in the auth file

docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 % skopeo-standalone-sign(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-standalone-sign - Debugging tool - Publish and sign an image in one step.
+skopeo\-standalone-sign - Debugging tool - Sign an image locally without uploading.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 **skopeo standalone-sign** [*options*] _manifest_ _docker-reference_ _key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_

docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 % skopeo-standalone-verify(1)
 
 ## NAME
-skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Verify an image signature.
+skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Debugging tool - Verify an image signature from local files.
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 **skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest_ _docker-reference_ _key-fingerprints_ _signature_

docs/skopeo-sync.1.md

@@ -68,7 +68,21 @@ Print usage statement.
 
 **--append-suffix** _tag-suffix_ String to append to destination tags.
 
-**--preserve-digests** Preserve the digests during copying. Fail if the digest cannot be preserved. Consider using `--all` at the same time.
+**--digestfile** _path_
+
+After copying the images from source, write the digest of the resulting images along with Image Reference.
+
+```
+sha256:bf91f90823248017a4f920fb541727fa8368dc6cf377a7debbd271cf6a31c8a7 docker://myhost.com/alpine:edge
+sha256:31603596830fc7e56753139f9c2c6bd3759e48a850659506ebfb885d1cf3aef5 docker://myhost.com/postgres:14.3
+
+```
+
+**--preserve-digests**
+
+Preserve the digests during copying. Fail if the digest cannot be preserved.
+
+This option does not change what will be copied; consider using `--all` at the same time.
 
 **--remove-signatures** Do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. This is necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
 
@@ -109,7 +123,13 @@ The passphare to use when signing with `--sign-by` or `--sign-by-sigstore-privat
 
 **--dest-registry-token** _Bearer token_ for accessing the destination registry.
 
-**--retry-times**  the number of times to retry, retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
+**--retry-times**
+
+The number of times to retry.
+
+**--retry-delay**
+
+Fixed delay between retries. If not set (or set to 0s), retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.
 
 **--keep-going**
 If any errors occur during copying of images, those errors are logged and the process continues syncing rest of the images and finally fails at the end.
@@ -215,6 +235,8 @@ registry.example.com:
             - "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111"
     images-by-tag-regex:
         nginx: ^1\.13\.[12]-alpine-perl$
+    images-by-semver:
+        alpine: ">= 3.12.0"
     credentials:
         username: john
         password: this is a secret
@@ -235,6 +257,14 @@ This will copy the following images:
 - Repository `registry.example.com/redis`: images tagged "1.0" and "2.0" along with image with digest "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111".
 - Repository `registry.example.com/nginx`: images tagged "1.13.1-alpine-perl" and "1.13.2-alpine-perl".
 - Repository `quay.io/coreos/etcd`: images tagged "latest".
+- Repository `registry.example.com/alpine`: all images with tags match the semantic version constraint ">= 3.12.0" ("3.12.0, "3.12.1", ... ,"4.0.0", ...)
+
+The full list of possible semantic version comparisons can be found in the
+upstream library's documentation:
+https://github.com/Masterminds/semver/tree/v3.2.0#basic-comparisons.
+
+Version ordering and precedence is understood as defined here:
+https://semver.org/#spec-item-11.
 
 For the registry `registry.example.com`, the "john"/"this is a secret" credentials are used, with server TLS certificates located at `/home/john/certs`.
 

docs/skopeo.1.md

@@ -110,10 +110,19 @@ Print the version number
 | [skopeo-login(1)](skopeo-login.1.md)  | Login to a container registry. |
 | [skopeo-logout(1)](skopeo-logout.1.md)  | Logout of a container registry. |
 | [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest for a manifest-file and write it to standard output. |
-| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Debugging tool - Publish and sign an image in one step.      |
-| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image signature.                                   |
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Debugging tool - Sign an image locally without uploading.    |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Debugging tool - Verify an image signature from local files. |
 | [skopeo-sync(1)](skopeo-sync.1.md)| Synchronize images between registry repositories and local directories.                |
 
+## EXIT STATUS
+`skopeo` exits with status 0 on success, non-zero on error.
+
+Details about the exit statuses:
+
+**1** Generic error, details can be found in the error message.
+
+**2** The input image cannot be found. Note that this is best effort and for remote registries the status often cannot be reliably reported.
+
 ## FILES
   **/etc/containers/policy.json**
   Default trust policy file, if **--policy** is not specified.
@@ -121,7 +130,7 @@ Print the version number
 
   **/etc/containers/registries.d**
   Default directory containing registry configuration, if **--registries.d** is not specified.
-  The contents of this directory are documented in [containers-policy.json(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/main/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md).
+  The contents of this directory are documented in [containers-registries.d(5)](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/main/docs/containers-registries.d.5.md).
 
 ## SEE ALSO
 skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-storage.conf(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5)

go.mod

@@ -1,136 +1,137 @@
 module github.com/containers/skopeo
 
-go 1.18
+// Minimum required golang version
+go 1.23.3
+
+// Warning: Ensure the "go" and "toolchain" versions match exactly to prevent unwanted auto-updates
 
 require (
-	github.com/containers/common v0.52.0
-	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.25.0
-	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v1.1.7
-	github.com/containers/storage v1.46.1
-	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.1+incompatible
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1
+	github.com/containers/common v0.63.0
+	github.com/containers/image/v5 v5.35.0
+	github.com/containers/ocicrypt v1.2.1
+	github.com/containers/storage v1.58.0
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible
+	github.com/moby/sys/capability v0.4.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0-rc2.0.20221005185240-3a7f492d3f1b
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v1.0.0-rc3
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.7.0
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.2
-	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29
-	golang.org/x/term v0.7.0
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.32.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.10.0-rc.7 // indirect
+	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.12.9 // indirect
 	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d // indirect
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.14.3 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/containers/libtrust v0.0.0-20230121012942-c1716e8a8d01 // indirect
-	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20220623050100-57a0ce2678a7 // indirect
-	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker v23.0.3+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20241213102144-19d51d7fe467 // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.0.4+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.21.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.20.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.5 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/loads v0.21.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/runtime v0.25.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.20.8 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/strfmt v0.21.7 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.22.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.23.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/loads v0.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/runtime v0.28.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/strfmt v0.23.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.24.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20241129210726-2c02b8208cf8 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.20.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-intervals v0.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/trillian v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.2 // indirect
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.15 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.2-0.20250313123807-1ee6e1a1957a // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.7 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.16.4 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6-0.20220930104621-17e8dac29df8 // indirect
-	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/letsencrypt/boulder v0.0.0-20230213213521-fdfea0d469b6 // indirect
-	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.14 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6 // indirect
+	github.com/letsencrypt/boulder v0.0.0-20240620165639-de9c06129bec // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.27 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/oklog/ulid v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.5 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.1.0-rc.1 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go v0.0.0-20210805093236-719684c64e4f // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/proglottis/gpgme v0.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
+	github.com/proglottis/gpgme v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/segmentio/ksuid v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/sigstore/fulcio v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sigstore/rekor v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sigstore/sigstore v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/fulcio v1.6.6 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/protobuf-specs v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/rekor v1.3.10 // indirect
+	github.com/sigstore/sigstore v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966 // indirect
-	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20201008174630-78d3cae3a980 // indirect
-	github.com/sylabs/sif/v2 v2.11.1 // indirect
-	github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2 v2.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20230803200340-78284954bff6 // indirect
+	github.com/sylabs/sif/v2 v2.21.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tchap/go-patricia/v2 v2.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/titanous/rocacheck v0.0.0-20171023193734-afe73141d399 // indirect
-	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.11 // indirect
-	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.11.3 // indirect
-	github.com/vbauerster/mpb/v8 v8.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.7 // indirect
-	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.3 // indirect
-	go.mozilla.org/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20210826202110-33d05740a352 // indirect
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.12 // indirect
+	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/vbauerster/mpb/v8 v8.9.3 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.14.0 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.13.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.13.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.7.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.54.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/go-jose/go-jose.v2 v2.6.1 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.59.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.34.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.34.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.29.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.24.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250303144028-a0af3efb3deb // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250313205543-e70fdf4c4cb4 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,169 +1,135 @@
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 h1:Ra4+bf83h2ztPIQYNP99R6m+Y7KfnARDfID+a+vLl4s=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1/go.mod h1:uNxQE+84aUszobStD9th8a29P2fMDhsBdgRYvZOxGmk=
 github.com/14rcole/gopopulate v0.0.0-20180821133914-b175b219e774 h1:SCbEWT58NSt7d2mcFdvxC9uyrdcTfvBbPLThhkDmXzg=
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 h1:UQHMgLO+TxOElx5B5HZ4hJQsoJ/PvUvKRhJHDQXO8P8=
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@@ -584,36 +513,15 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.22.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2
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-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200615113413-eeeca48fe776/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible h1:VsBPFP1AI068pPrMxtb/S8Zkgf9xEmTLJjfM+P5UIEo=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.4.0 h1:ZazjZUfuVeZGLAmlKKuyv3IKP5orXcwtOwDQH6YVr6o=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.90.0 h1:VkTxIV/FjRXn1fgNNcKGM8cfmL1Z33ZjXRTVxKCoF5M=

hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+${CPP:-${CC:-cc} -E} ${CPPFLAGS} - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
 #include <btrfs/ioctl.h>
 EOF
 if test $? -ne 0 ; then

hack/btrfs_tag.sh

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
-#include <btrfs/version.h>
-EOF
-if test $? -ne 0 ; then
-	echo btrfs_noversion
-fi

hack/get_fqin.sh

@@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ $CONTAINER_RUNTIME run --rm \
     --entrypoint=/usr/share/automation/bin/cirrus-ci_env.py \
     quay.io/libpod/get_ci_vm:latest \
     --envs="Skopeo Test" /src/.cirrus.yml | \
-    egrep -m1 '^SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN' | \
+    grep -E -m1 '^SKOPEO_CIDEV_CONTAINER_FQIN' | \
     awk -F "=" -e '{print $2}' | \
     tr -d \'\"

hack/libdm_tag.sh

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-tmpdir="$PWD/tmp.$RANDOM"
-mkdir -p "$tmpdir"
-trap 'rm -fr "$tmpdir"' EXIT
-cc -c -o "$tmpdir"/libdm_tag.o -x c - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
-#include <libdevmapper.h>
-int main() {
-	struct dm_task *task;
-	return 0;
-}
-EOF
-if test $? -ne 0 ; then
-	echo libdm_no_deferred_remove
-fi

hack/libsubid_tag.sh

@@ -5,11 +5,17 @@ fi
 tmpdir="$PWD/tmp.$RANDOM"
 mkdir -p "$tmpdir"
 trap 'rm -fr "$tmpdir"' EXIT
-cc -o "$tmpdir"/libsubid_tag -l subid -x c - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+${CC:-cc} ${CPPFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} -o "$tmpdir"/libsubid_tag -x c - -l subid \
+	  > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
 #include <shadow/subid.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 int main() {
 	struct subid_range *ranges = NULL;
+#if SUBID_ABI_MAJOR >= 4
+	subid_get_uid_ranges("root", &ranges);
+#else
 	get_subuid_ranges("root", &ranges);
+#endif
 	free(ranges);
 	return 0;
 }

hack/man-page-checker

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ rc=0
 # for a given skopeo-foo.1.md, the NAME should be 'skopeo-foo'
 for md in *.1.md;do
     # Read the first line after '## NAME'
-    name=$(egrep -A1 '^## NAME' $md|tail -1|awk '{print $1}' | tr -d \\\\)
+    name=$(grep -E -A1 '^## NAME' $md|tail -1|awk '{print $1}' | tr -d \\\\)
 
     expect=$(basename $md .1.md)
     if [ "$name" != "$expect" ]; then
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ done
 # Make sure the descriptive text in skopeo-foo.1.md matches the one
 # in the table in skopeo.1.md.
 for md in $(ls -1 *-*.1.md);do
-    desc=$(egrep -A1 '^## NAME' $md|tail -1|sed -E -e 's/^skopeo[^[:space:]]+ - //')
+    desc=$(grep -E -A1 '^## NAME' $md|tail -1|sed -E -e 's/^skopeo[^[:space:]]+ - //')
 
     # Find the descriptive text in the main skopeo man page.
     parent=skopeo.1.md
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ function compare_usage() {
 #
 # Make sure the SYNOPSIS line in skopeo-foo.1.md reads '**skopeo foo** ...'
 for md in *.1.md;do
-    synopsis=$(egrep -A1 '^#* SYNOPSIS' $md|tail -1)
+    synopsis=$(grep -E -A1 '^#* SYNOPSIS' $md|tail -1)
 
     # Command name must be bracketed by double asterisks; options and
     # arguments are bracketed by single ones.

hack/test-system.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ set -e
 #
 # Paradoxically (FIXME: clean this up), SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS is set
 # both inside a container and without a container (in a CI VM); it actually means
-# "it is safe to desctructively modify the system for tests".
+# "it is safe to destructively modify the system for tests".
 #
 # On a CI VM, we can just use Podman as it is already configured; the changes below,
 # to use VFS, are necessary only inside a container, because overlay-inside-overlay

hack/validate-lint.sh

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-errors=$($GOBIN/golangci-lint run --build-tags "${BUILDTAGS}" 2>&1)
-
-if [ -z "$errors" ]; then
-	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files have been linted.'
-else
-	{
-		echo "Errors from golangci-lint:"
-		echo "$errors"
-		echo
-		echo 'Please fix the above errors. You can test via "golangci-lint" and commit the result.'
-		echo
-	} >&2
-	exit 1
-fi

install.md

@@ -55,6 +55,22 @@ sudo apk add skopeo
 
 [Package Info](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=skopeo)
 
+### Gentoo
+
+```sh
+sudo emerge app-containers/skopeo
+```
+
+[Package Info](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-containers/skopeo)
+
+### Arch Linux
+
+```sh
+sudo pacman -S skopeo
+```
+
+[Package Info](https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/skopeo/)
+
 ### macOS
 
 ```sh
@@ -106,7 +122,6 @@ Skopeo has not yet been packaged for Windows. There is an [open feature
 request](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues/715) and contributions are
 always welcome.
 
-
 ## Container Images
 
 Skopeo container images are available at `quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest`.
@@ -116,14 +131,15 @@ For example,
 podman run docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest copy --help
 ```
 
-[Read more](./contrib/skopeoimage/README.md).
+The skopeo container image build context and automation are
+located at [https://github.com/containers/image_build/tree/main/skopeo](https://github.com/containers/image_build/tree/main/skopeo)
 
 
 ## Building from Source
 
 Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
 
-To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.12.
+To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.23.
 
 There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a
 container. Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.
@@ -141,12 +157,12 @@ Install the necessary dependencies:
 
 ```bash
 # Fedora:
-sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel
+sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel
 ```
 
 ```bash
 # Ubuntu (`libbtrfs-dev` requires Ubuntu 18.10 and above):
-sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev pkg-config
+sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev pkg-config
 ```
 
 ```bash
@@ -156,7 +172,12 @@ brew install gpgme
 
 ```bash
 # openSUSE:
-sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
+sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
+```
+
+```bash
+# Arch Linux:
+sudo pacman -S base-devel gpgme btrfs-progs
 ```
 
 Make sure to clone this repository in your `GOPATH` - otherwise compilation fails.
@@ -174,6 +195,22 @@ document generation can be skipped by passing `DISABLE_DOCS=1`:
 DISABLE_DOCS=1 make
 ```
 
+#### Additional prerequisites
+
+In order to dynamically link against system libraries and avoid compilation errors the ```CGO_ENABLED='1'``` flag must be enabled. You can easily check by ```go env | grep CGO_ENABLED```.
+
+An alternative would be to set the `BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp` (this removes the dependency on `libgpgme` and its companion libraries).
+
+### Cross-compilation
+
+For cross-building skopeo, use the command `make bin/skopeo.OS.ARCH`, where OS represents
+the target operating system and ARCH stands for the desired architecture. For instance,
+to build skopeo for RISC-V 64-bit Linux, execute:
+
+```bash
+make bin/skopeo.linux.riscv64
+```
+
 ### Building documentation
 
 To build the manual you will need go-md2man.
@@ -230,20 +267,13 @@ sudo make install
 ### Building a static binary
 
 There have been efforts in the past to produce and maintain static builds, but the maintainers prefer to run Skopeo using distro packages or within containers. This is because static builds of Skopeo tend to be unreliable and functionally restricted. Specifically:
-- Some features of Skopeo depend on non-Go libraries like `libgpgme` and `libdevmapper`.
+- Some features of Skopeo depend on non-Go libraries like `libgpgme`.
 - Generating static Go binaries uses native Go libraries, which don't support e.g. `.local` or LDAP-based name resolution.
 
 That being said, if you would like to build Skopeo statically, you might be able to do it by combining all the following steps.
 - Export environment variable `CGO_ENABLED=0` (disabling CGO causes Go to prefer native libraries when possible, instead of dynamically linking against system libraries).
-- Set the `BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp` Make variable (this remove the dependency on `libgpgme` and its companion libraries).
-- Clear the `GO_DYN_FLAGS` Make variable (which otherwise seems to force the creation of a dynamic executable).
-
-The following command implements these steps to produce a static binary in the `bin` subdirectory of the repository:
-
-```bash
-docker run -v $PWD:/src -w /src -e CGO_ENABLED=0 golang \
-make BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp GO_DYN_FLAGS=
-```
+- Set the `BUILDTAGS=containers_image_openpgp` Make variable (this removes the dependency on `libgpgme` and its companion libraries).
+- Clear the `GO_DYN_FLAGS` Make variable if even a dependency on the ELF interpreter is undesirable.
 
 Keep in mind that the resulting binary is unsupported and might crash randomly. Only use if you know what you're doing!
 

integration/copy_test.go

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ const (
 	v2DockerRegistryURL   = "localhost:5555" // Update also policy.json
 	v2s1DockerRegistryURL = "localhost:5556"
 	knownWindowsOnlyImage = "docker://mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1909"
-	knownListImage        = "docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-minimal" // could have either ":latest" or "@sha256:..." appended
+	knownListImageRepo    = "docker://registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-minimal"
+	knownListImage        = knownListImageRepo + ":38"
 )
 
 func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorage() {
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test")
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage, "dir:"+dir1)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test", "dir:"+dir2)
-	runDecompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
+	decompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
 	assertDirImagesAreEqual(t, dir1, dir2)
 }
 
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageMultiple() {
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch", "arm64", "copy", knownListImage, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test")
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch", "arm64", "copy", knownListImage, "dir:"+dir1)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test", "dir:"+dir2)
-	runDecompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
+	decompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
 	assertDirImagesAreEqual(t, dir1, dir2)
 }
 
@@ -215,8 +216,8 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListDigest() {
 	manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest([]byte(m))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	digest := manifestDigest.String()
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir1)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "--multi-arch=all", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir2)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir1)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "--multi-arch=all", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir2)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "dir:"+dir1, "oci:"+oci1)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "dir:"+dir2, "oci:"+oci2)
 	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(t, "diff", "-urN", oci1, oci2)
@@ -245,10 +246,10 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigest() {
 	manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest([]byte(m))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	digest := manifestDigest.String()
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest, "dir:"+dir1)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir2)
-	runDecompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir2)
+	decompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
 	assertDirImagesAreEqual(t, dir1, dir2)
 }
 
@@ -262,10 +263,10 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigestMultipleArches() {
 	manifestDigest, err := manifest.Digest([]byte(m))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	digest := manifestDigest.String()
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest, "dir:"+dir1)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir2)
-	runDecompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "dir:"+dir2)
+	decompressDirs(t, dir1, dir2)
 	assertDirImagesAreEqual(t, dir1, dir2)
 }
 
@@ -279,8 +280,8 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigestMultipleArchesBothUseLi
 	digest := manifestDigest.String()
 	_, err = manifest.ListFromBlob([]byte(m), manifest.GuessMIMEType([]byte(m)))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*reading manifest for image instance.*does not exist.*`, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*reading manifest for image instance.*does not exist.*`, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	i2 := combinedOutputOfCommand(t, skopeoBinary, "--override-arch=arm64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
@@ -304,8 +305,8 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigestMultipleArchesFirstUses
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	arm64Instance, err := list.ChooseInstance(&types.SystemContext{ArchitectureChoice: "arm64"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+arm64Instance.String(), "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+arm64Instance.String())
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+arm64Instance.String(), "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+arm64Instance.String())
 	i1 := combinedOutputOfCommand(t, skopeoBinary, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	var image1 imgspecv1.Image
 	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(i1), &image1)
@@ -339,8 +340,8 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigestMultipleArchesSecondUse
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	arm64Instance, err := list.ChooseInstance(&types.SystemContext{ArchitectureChoice: "arm64"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+amd64Instance.String(), "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+amd64Instance.String())
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+amd64Instance.String(), "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+amd64Instance.String())
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	i1 := combinedOutputOfCommand(t, skopeoBinary, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+amd64Instance.String())
 	var image1 imgspecv1.Image
 	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(i1), &image1)
@@ -374,9 +375,9 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigestMultipleArchesThirdUses
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	arm64Instance, err := list.ChooseInstance(&types.SystemContext{ArchitectureChoice: "arm64"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+amd64Instance.String(), "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+amd64Instance.String())
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+amd64Instance.String(), "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+amd64Instance.String())
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*reading manifest for image instance.*does not exist.*`, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	i1 := combinedOutputOfCommand(t, skopeoBinary, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+amd64Instance.String())
 	var image1 imgspecv1.Image
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyWithManifestListStorageDigestMultipleArchesTagAndDig
 	arm64Instance, err := list.ChooseInstance(&types.SystemContext{ArchitectureChoice: "arm64"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=amd64", "copy", knownListImage, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test:latest")
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImage+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--override-arch=arm64", "copy", knownListImageRepo+"@"+digest, "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*reading manifest for image instance.*does not exist.*`, "--override-arch=amd64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test@"+digest)
 	i1 := combinedOutputOfCommand(t, skopeoBinary, "--override-arch=arm64", "inspect", "--config", "containers-storage:"+storage+"test:latest")
 	var image1 imgspecv1.Image
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopySimple() {
 
 	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of needing an Internet connection.
 	// "pull": docker: → dir:
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "docker://k8s.gcr.io/pause", "dir:"+dir1)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "docker://registry.k8s.io/pause", "dir:"+dir1)
 	// "push": dir: → docker(v2s2):
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "dir:"+dir1, ourRegistry+"pause:unsigned")
 	// The result of pushing and pulling is an unmodified image.
@@ -492,14 +493,14 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopySimple() {
 	ociDest := "pause-latest-image"
 	ociImgName := "pause"
 	defer os.RemoveAll(ociDest)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "docker://k8s.gcr.io/pause:latest", "oci:"+ociDest+":"+ociImgName)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "docker://registry.k8s.io/pause:latest", "oci:"+ociDest+":"+ociImgName)
 	_, err := os.Stat(ociDest)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// docker v2s2 -> OCI image layout without image name
 	ociDest = "pause-latest-noimage"
 	defer os.RemoveAll(ociDest)
-	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "docker://k8s.gcr.io/pause:latest", "oci:"+ociDest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "copy", "docker://registry.k8s.io/pause:latest", "oci:"+ociDest)
 	_, err = os.Stat(ociDest)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
@@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopySignatures() {
 
 	// Verify that signed identity is verified.
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:test1")
-	assertSkopeoFails(t, ".*Source image rejected: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/official:official is not accepted.*",
+	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*Source image rejected: Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/official:official\\" is not accepted.*`,
 		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:test1", dirDest)
 	// signedIdentity works
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:naming")
@@ -824,7 +825,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyDirSignatures() {
 	// Verify that the signed identity is verified.
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "--sign-by", "official@example.com", topDirDest+"/dir1", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2")
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2", topDirDest+"/restricted/badidentity")
-	assertSkopeoFails(t, ".*Source image rejected: .*Signature for identity localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2 is not accepted.*",
+	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*Source image rejected: .*Signature for identity \\"localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2\\" is not accepted.*`,
 		"--policy", policy, "copy", topDirDest+"/restricted/badidentity", topDirDest+"/dest")
 }
 
@@ -1048,7 +1049,7 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyVerifyingMirroredSignatures() {
 	// … but verify that while it is accessible using the primary location redirecting to the mirror, …
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "" /* no --policy */, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:mirror-signed", dirDest)
 	// … verify it is NOT accessible when requiring a signature.
-	assertSkopeoFails(t, ".*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed is not accepted.*",
+	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct\\" is not accepted; Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed\\" is not accepted.*`,
 		"--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:mirror-signed", dirDest)
 
 	// Fail if we specify an unqualified identity
@@ -1062,14 +1063,14 @@ func (s *copySuite) TestCopyVerifyingMirroredSignatures() {
 	// … but verify that while it is accessible using the mirror location
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "" /* no --policy */, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"mirror:primary-signed", dirDest)
 	// … verify it is NOT accessible when requiring a signature.
-	assertSkopeoFails(t, ".*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:primary-signed is not accepted.*",
+	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct\\" is not accepted; Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed\\" is not accepted; Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:primary-signed\\" is not accepted.*`,
 		"--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"mirror:primary-signed", dirDest)
 
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--dest-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"primary:unsigned", regPrefix+"remap:remapped")
 	// Verify that while a remapIdentity image is accessible using the remapped (mirror) location
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "" /* no --policy */, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"remap:remapped", dirDest)
 	// … it is NOT accessible when requiring a signature …
-	assertSkopeoFails(t, ".*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed is not accepted; Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:primary-signed is not accepted.*", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"remap:remapped", dirDest)
+	assertSkopeoFails(t, `.*Source image rejected: None of the signatures were accepted, reasons: Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:direct\\" is not accepted; Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-mirror:mirror-signed\\" is not accepted; Signature for identity \\"localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:primary-signed\\" is not accepted.*`, "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"remap:remapped", dirDest)
 	// … until signed.
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "--sign-by=personal@example.com", "--sign-identity=localhost:5006/myns/mirroring-primary:remapped", regPrefix+"remap:remapped", regPrefix+"remap:remapped")
 	assertSkopeoSucceeds(t, "", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "--registries-conf", "fixtures/registries.conf", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", regPrefix+"remap:remapped", dirDest)

integration/decompress-dirs.sh

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -e
-# Account for differences between dir: images that are solely due to one being
-# compressed (fresh from a registry) and the other not being compressed (read
-# from storage, which decompressed it and had to reassemble the layer blobs).
-for dir in "$@" ; do
-    # Updating the manifest's blob digests may change the formatting, so
-    # use jq to get them into similar shape.
-    jq -M . "${dir}"/manifest.json > "${dir}"/manifest.json.tmp && mv "${dir}"/manifest.json.tmp "${dir}"/manifest.json
-    for candidate in "${dir}"/???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ; do
-        # If a digest-identified file looks like it was compressed,
-        # decompress it, and replace its hash and size in the manifest
-        # with the values for their decompressed versions.
-        uncompressed=`zcat "${candidate}" 2> /dev/null | sha256sum | cut -c1-64`
-        if test $? -eq 0 ; then
-            if test "$uncompressed" != e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855 ; then
-                zcat "${candidate}" > "${dir}"/${uncompressed}
-                sed -r -i -e "s#sha256:$(basename ${candidate})#sha256:${uncompressed}#g" "${dir}"/manifest.json
-                sed -r -i -e "s#\"size\": $(wc -c < ${candidate}),#\"size\": $(wc -c < ${dir}/${uncompressed}),#g" "${dir}"/manifest.json
-                rm -f "${candidate}"
-            fi
-        fi
-    done
-done

integration/openshift_shell_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build openshift_shell
-// +build openshift_shell
 
 package main
 

integration/openshift_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) prepareRegistryConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "", string(out))
 }
 
-// startRegistry starts the OpenShift registry with configPart on port, waits for it to be ready, and returns the process object, or terminates on failure.
+// startRegistryProcess starts the OpenShift registry with configPart on port, waits for it to be ready, and returns the process object, or terminates on failure.
 func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startRegistryProcess(t *testing.T, port uint16, configPath string) *exec.Cmd {
 	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(map[string]string{
 		"KUBECONFIG":          "openshift.local.registry/openshift-registry.kubeconfig",
@@ -253,10 +254,10 @@ func (cluster *openshiftCluster) relaxImageSignerPermissions(t *testing.T) {
 
 // tearDown stops the cluster services and deletes (only some!) of the state.
 func (cluster *openshiftCluster) tearDown(t *testing.T) {
-	for i := len(cluster.processes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+	for _, process := range slices.Backward(cluster.processes) {
 		// It’s undocumented what Kill() returns if the process has terminated,
 		// so we couldn’t check just for that. This is running in a container anyway…
-		_ = cluster.processes[i].Process.Kill()
+		_ = process.Process.Kill()
 	}
 	if cluster.dockerDir != "" {
 		err := os.RemoveAll(cluster.dockerDir)

integration/procutils_linux_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 )
 
-// cmdLifecyleToParentIfPossible is a thin wrapper around prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG)
+// cmdLifecycleToParentIfPossible is a thin wrapper around prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG)
 // on Linux.
 func cmdLifecycleToParentIfPossible(c *exec.Cmd) {
 	c.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{

integration/procutils_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !linux
-// +build !linux
+//go:build unix && !linux
 
 package main
 

integration/proxy_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build unix
+
 package main
 
 import (
@@ -8,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -58,8 +61,9 @@ type proxy struct {
 
 type pipefd struct {
 	// id is the remote identifier "pipeid"
-	id uint
-	fd *os.File
+	id     uint
+	datafd *os.File
+	errfd  *os.File
 }
 
 func (p *proxy) call(method string, args []any) (rval any, fd *pipefd, err error) {
@@ -97,26 +101,41 @@ func (p *proxy) call(method string, args []any) (rval any, fd *pipefd, err error
 		return
 	}
 
+	var scms []syscall.SocketControlMessage
+	scms, err = syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob[:oobn])
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse control message: %w", err)
+		return
+	}
 	if reply.PipeID > 0 {
-		var scms []syscall.SocketControlMessage
-		scms, err = syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob[:oobn])
-		if err != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse control message: %w", err)
-			return
-		}
 		if len(scms) != 1 {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 received fd, found %d", len(scms))
+			err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 socket control message, found %d", len(scms))
 			return
 		}
+	}
+	if len(scms) > 2 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected 1 or 2 socket control message, found %d", len(scms))
+		return
+	}
+	if len(scms) != 0 {
 		var fds []int
 		fds, err = syscall.ParseUnixRights(&scms[0])
 		if err != nil {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse unix rights: %w", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if len(fds) < 1 || len(fds) > 2 {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("expected 1 or 2 fds, found %d", len(fds))
+			return
+		}
+		var errfd *os.File
+		if len(fds) == 2 {
+			errfd = os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[1]), "errfd")
+		}
 		fd = &pipefd{
-			fd: os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[0]), "replyfd"),
-			id: uint(reply.PipeID),
+			datafd: os.NewFile(uintptr(fds[0]), "replyfd"),
+			id:     uint(reply.PipeID),
+			errfd:  errfd,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -149,7 +168,7 @@ func (p *proxy) callReadAllBytes(method string, args []any) (rval any, buf []byt
 	}
 	fetchchan := make(chan byteFetch)
 	go func() {
-		manifestBytes, err := io.ReadAll(fd.fd)
+		manifestBytes, err := io.ReadAll(fd.datafd)
 		fetchchan <- byteFetch{
 			content: manifestBytes,
 			err:     err,
@@ -173,6 +192,80 @@ func (p *proxy) callReadAllBytes(method string, args []any) (rval any, buf []byt
 	return
 }
 
+type proxyError struct {
+	Code    string `json:"code"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+func (p *proxy) callGetRawBlob(args []any) (rval any, buf []byte, err error) {
+	var fd *pipefd
+	rval, fd, err = p.call("GetRawBlob", args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if fd == nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected fds from method GetRawBlob")
+		return
+	}
+	if fd.errfd == nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Expected errfd from method GetRawBlob")
+		return
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	fetchchan := make(chan byteFetch, 1)
+	errchan := make(chan proxyError, 1)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		defer close(fetchchan)
+		defer fd.datafd.Close()
+		buf, err := io.ReadAll(fd.datafd)
+		fetchchan <- byteFetch{
+			content: buf,
+			err:     err,
+		}
+
+	}()
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		defer fd.errfd.Close()
+		defer close(errchan)
+		buf, err := io.ReadAll(fd.errfd)
+		var proxyErr proxyError
+		if err != nil {
+			proxyErr.Code = "read-from-proxy"
+			proxyErr.Message = err.Error()
+			errchan <- proxyErr
+			return
+		}
+		// No error, leave code+message unset
+		if len(buf) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(buf, &proxyErr)
+		// Shouldn't happen
+		if unmarshalErr != nil {
+			panic(unmarshalErr)
+		}
+		errchan <- proxyErr
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	errMsg := <-errchan
+	if errMsg.Code != "" {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("(%s) %s", errMsg.Code, errMsg.Message)
+	}
+	fetchRes := <-fetchchan
+	err = fetchRes.err
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf = fetchRes.content
+	return
+}
+
 func newProxy() (*proxy, error) {
 	fds, err := syscall.Socketpair(syscall.AF_LOCAL, syscall.SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -229,7 +322,8 @@ type byteFetch struct {
 	err     error
 }
 
-func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
+// This exercises all the metadata fetching APIs.
+func runTestMetadataAPIs(p *proxy, img string) error {
 	v, err := p.callNoFd("OpenImage", []any{img})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -239,7 +333,7 @@ func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("OpenImage return value is %T", v)
 	}
-	imgid := uint32(imgidv)
+	imgid := uint64(imgidv)
 	if imgid == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("got zero from expected image")
 	}
@@ -254,7 +348,7 @@ func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("OpenImageOptional return value is %T", v)
 	}
-	imgid2 := uint32(imgidv)
+	imgid2 := uint64(imgidv)
 	if imgid2 == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("got zero from expected image")
 	}
@@ -291,6 +385,19 @@ func runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p *proxy, img string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("No CMD or ENTRYPOINT set")
 	}
 
+	_, layerInfoBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetLayerInfoPiped", []any{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var layerInfoBytesData []interface{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal(layerInfoBytes, &layerInfoBytesData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(layerInfoBytesData) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected layer info data")
+	}
+
 	// Also test this legacy interface
 	_, ctrconfigBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetConfig", []any{imgid})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -325,25 +432,64 @@ func runTestOpenImageOptionalNotFound(p *proxy, img string) error {
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("OpenImageOptional return value is %T", v)
 	}
-	imgid := uint32(imgidv)
+	imgid := uint64(imgidv)
 	if imgid != 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Unexpected optional image id %v", imgid)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *proxySuite) TestProxy() {
+func runTestGetBlob(p *proxy, img string) error {
+	imgid, err := p.callNoFd("OpenImage", []any{img})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, manifestBytes, err := p.callReadAllBytes("GetManifest", []any{imgid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	mfest, err := manifest.OCI1FromManifest(manifestBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, layer := range mfest.Layers {
+		_, blobBytes, err := p.callGetRawBlob([]any{imgid, layer.Digest})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(blobBytes) != int(layer.Size) {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Expected %d bytes, got %d", layer.Size, len(blobBytes)))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// echo "not a valid layer" | sha256sum
+	invalidDigest := "sha256:21a9aab5a3494674d2b4d8e7381c236a799384dd10545531014606cf652c119f"
+
+	_, blobBytes, err := p.callGetRawBlob([]any{imgid, invalidDigest})
+	if err == nil {
+		panic("Expected error fetching invalid blob")
+	}
+	if blobBytes != nil {
+		panic("Expected no bytes fetching invalid blob")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *proxySuite) TestProxyMetadata() {
 	t := s.T()
 	p, err := newProxy()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	err = runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p, knownNotManifestListedImageX8664)
+	err = runTestMetadataAPIs(p, knownNotManifestListedImageX8664)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing image %s: %v", knownNotManifestListedImageX8664, err)
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	err = runTestGetManifestAndConfig(p, knownListImage)
+	err = runTestMetadataAPIs(p, knownListImage)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing image %s: %v", knownListImage, err)
 	}
@@ -355,3 +501,15 @@ func (s *proxySuite) TestProxy() {
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
+
+func (s *proxySuite) TestProxyGetBlob() {
+	t := s.T()
+	p, err := newProxy()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = runTestGetBlob(p, knownListImage)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Testing GetBLob for %s: %v", knownListImage, err)
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}

integration/registry_test.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func setupRegistryV2At(t *testing.T, url string, auth, schema1 bool) *testRegist
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Wait for registry to be ready to serve requests.
-	for i := 0; i != 50; i++ {
+	for range 50 {
 		if err = reg.Ping(); err == nil {
 			break
 		}

integration/sync_test.go

@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ const (
 	// A repository with a path with multiple components in it which
 	// contains multiple tags, preferably with some tags pointing to
 	// manifest lists, and with some tags that don't.
-	pullableRepo = "k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns"
+	pullableRepo = "registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns"
 	// A tagged image in the repository that we can inspect and copy.
-	pullableTaggedImage = "k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.6.6"
+	pullableTaggedImage = "registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.6.6"
 	// A tagged manifest list in the repository that we can inspect and copy.
-	pullableTaggedManifestList = "k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0"
+	pullableTaggedManifestList = "registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0"
 	// A repository containing multiple tags, some of which are for
 	// manifest lists, and which includes a "latest" tag.  We specify the
 	// name here without a tag.
-	pullableRepoWithLatestTag = "k8s.gcr.io/pause"
+	pullableRepoWithLatestTag = "registry.k8s.io/pause"
 )
 
 func TestSync(t *testing.T) {
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func (s *syncSuite) TestYamlRegex2Dir() {
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 
 	yamlConfig := `
-k8s.gcr.io:
+registry.k8s.io:
   images-by-tag-regex:
     pause: ^[12]\.0$  # regex string test
 `
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ func (s *syncSuite) TestYamlDigest2Dir() {
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 
 	yamlConfig := `
-k8s.gcr.io:
+registry.k8s.io:
   images:
     pause:
     - sha256:59eec8837a4d942cc19a52b8c09ea75121acc38114a2c68b98983ce9356b8610
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func (s *syncSuite) TestYaml2Dir() {
 	dir1 := path.Join(tmpDir, "dir1")
 
 	yamlConfig := `
-k8s.gcr.io:
+registry.k8s.io:
   images:
     coredns/coredns:
       - v1.8.0

integration/utils_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -13,12 +15,12 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 const skopeoBinary = "skopeo"
-const decompressDirsBinary = "./decompress-dirs.sh"
 
 const testFQIN = "docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox" // tag left off on purpose, some tests need to add a special one
 const testFQIN64 = "docker://quay.io/libpod/busybox:amd64"
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ func modifyEnviron(env []string, name, value string) []string {
 	return append(res, prefix+value)
 }
 
-// fileFromFixtureFixture applies edits to inputPath and returns a path to the temporary file.
+// fileFromFixture applies edits to inputPath and returns a path to the temporary file.
 // Callers should defer os.Remove(the_returned_path)
 func fileFromFixture(t *testing.T, inputPath string, edits map[string]string) string {
 	contents, err := os.ReadFile(inputPath)
@@ -186,27 +188,100 @@ func fileFromFixture(t *testing.T, inputPath string, edits map[string]string) st
 	return path
 }
 
-// runDecompressDirs runs decompress-dirs.sh using exec.Command().CombinedOutput, verifies that the exit status is 0,
-// and optionally that the output matches a multi-line regexp if it is nonempty; or terminates c on failure
-func runDecompressDirs(t *testing.T, args ...string) {
-	t.Logf("Running %s %s", decompressDirsBinary, strings.Join(args, " "))
-	for i, dir := range args {
+// decompressDirs decompresses specified dir:-formatted directories
+func decompressDirs(t *testing.T, dirs ...string) {
+	t.Logf("Decompressing %s", strings.Join(dirs, " "))
+	for i, dir := range dirs {
 		m, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		t.Logf("manifest %d before: %s", i+1, string(m))
-	}
-	out, err := exec.Command(decompressDirsBinary, args...).CombinedOutput()
-	assert.NoError(t, err, "%s", out)
-	for i, dir := range args {
-		if len(out) > 0 {
-			t.Logf("output: %s", out)
-		}
-		m, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
+
+		decompressDir(t, dir)
+
+		m, err = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		t.Logf("manifest %d after: %s", i+1, string(m))
 	}
 }
 
+// getRawMapField assigns a value of rawMap[key] to dest,
+// failing if it does not exist or if it doesn’t have the expected type
+func getRawMapField[T any](t *testing.T, rawMap map[string]any, key string, dest *T) {
+	rawValue, ok := rawMap[key]
+	require.True(t, ok, key)
+	value, ok := rawValue.(T)
+	require.True(t, ok, key, "%#v", value)
+	*dest = value
+}
+
+// decompressDir modifies a dir:-formatted directory to replace gzip-compressed layers with uncompressed variants,
+// and to use a ~canonical formatting of manifest.json.
+func decompressDir(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	// This is, overall, very dumb; the “obvious” way would be to invoke skopeo to decompress,
+	// or at least to use c/image to parse/format the manifest.
+	//
+	// But this is used to test (aspects of) those code paths… so, it’s acceptable for this to be
+	// dumb and to make assumptions about the data, but it should not share code.
+
+	manifestBlob, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var rawManifest map[string]any
+	err = json.Unmarshal(manifestBlob, &rawManifest)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var rawLayers []any
+	getRawMapField(t, rawManifest, "layers", &rawLayers)
+	for i, rawLayerValue := range rawLayers {
+		rawLayer, ok := rawLayerValue.(map[string]any)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		var digestString string
+		getRawMapField(t, rawLayer, "digest", &digestString)
+		compressedDigest, err := digest.Parse(digestString)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if compressedDigest.String() == "sha256:e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855" { // An empty file
+			continue
+		}
+
+		compressedPath := filepath.Join(dir, compressedDigest.Encoded())
+		compressedStream, err := os.Open(compressedPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer compressedStream.Close()
+
+		uncompressedStream, err := gzip.NewReader(compressedStream)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue // Silently assume the layer is not gzip-compressed
+		}
+		tempDest, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, "decompressing")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
+		uncompressedSize, err := io.Copy(tempDest, io.TeeReader(uncompressedStream, digester.Hash()))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = uncompressedStream.Close()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		uncompressedDigest := digester.Digest()
+		uncompressedPath := filepath.Join(dir, uncompressedDigest.Encoded())
+		err = os.Rename(tempDest.Name(), uncompressedPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = os.Remove(compressedPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		rawLayer["digest"] = uncompressedDigest.String()
+		rawLayer["size"] = uncompressedSize
+		var mimeType string
+		getRawMapField(t, rawLayer, "mediaType", &mimeType)
+		if uncompressedMIMEType, ok := strings.CutSuffix(mimeType, ".gzip"); ok {
+			rawLayer["mediaType"] = uncompressedMIMEType
+		}
+
+		rawLayers[i] = rawLayer
+	}
+	rawManifest["layers"] = rawLayers
+
+	manifestBlob, err = json.Marshal(rawManifest)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"), manifestBlob, 0o600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
 // Verify manifest in a dir: image at dir is expectedMIMEType.
 func verifyManifestMIMEType(t *testing.T, dir string, expectedMIMEType string) {
 	manifestBlob, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))

plans/main.fmf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+discover:
+    how: fmf
+execute:
+    how: tmt
+prepare:
+    - when: distro == centos-stream or distro == rhel
+      how: shell
+      script: |
+        dnf -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-$(rpm --eval '%{?rhel}').noarch.rpm
+        dnf -y config-manager --set-enabled epel
+      order: 10
+    - when: initiator == packit
+      how: shell
+      script: |
+        COPR_REPO_FILE="/etc/yum.repos.d/*podman-next*.repo"
+        if compgen -G $COPR_REPO_FILE > /dev/null; then
+            sed -i -n '/^priority=/!p;$apriority=1' $COPR_REPO_FILE
+        fi
+        dnf -y upgrade --allowerasing
+      order: 20

rpm/gating.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+--- !Policy
+product_versions:
+  - fedora-*
+decision_context:
+  - bodhi_update_push_stable
+  - bodhi_update_push_testing
+subject_type: koji_build
+rules:
+  - !PassingTestCaseRule {test_case_name: fedora-ci.koji-build.tier0.functional}
+
+--- !Policy
+product_versions:
+  - rhel-*
+decision_context: osci_compose_gate
+rules:
+  - !PassingTestCaseRule {test_case_name: osci.brew-build.tier0.functional}

rpm/skopeo.spec

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+%global with_debug 1
+
+%if 0%{?with_debug}
+%global _find_debuginfo_dwz_opts %{nil}
+%global _dwz_low_mem_die_limit 0
+%else
+%global debug_package %{nil}
+%endif
+
+%global gomodulesmode GO111MODULE=on
+
+# No btrfs on RHEL
+%if %{defined fedora}
+%define build_with_btrfs 1
+%endif
+
+%if %{defined rhel}
+%define fips 1
+%endif
+
+# Only used in official koji builds
+# Copr builds set a separate epoch for all environments
+%if %{defined fedora}
+%define conditional_epoch 1
+%define fakeroot 1
+%else
+%define conditional_epoch 2
+%endif
+
+Name: skopeo
+%if %{defined copr_username}
+Epoch: 102
+%else
+Epoch: %{conditional_epoch}
+%endif
+# DO NOT TOUCH the Version string!
+# The TRUE source of this specfile is:
+# https://github.com/containers/skopeo/blob/main/rpm/skopeo.spec
+# If that's what you're reading, Version must be 0, and will be updated by Packit for
+# copr and koji builds.
+# If you're reading this on dist-git, the version is automatically filled in by Packit.
+Version: 0
+# The `AND` needs to be uppercase in the License for SPDX compatibility
+License: Apache-2.0 AND BSD-2-Clause AND BSD-3-Clause AND ISC AND MIT AND MPL-2.0
+Release: %autorelease
+%if %{defined golang_arches_future}
+ExclusiveArch: %{golang_arches_future}
+%else
+ExclusiveArch: aarch64 ppc64le s390x x86_64
+%endif
+Summary: Inspect container images and repositories on registries
+URL: https://github.com/containers/%{name}
+# Tarball fetched from upstream
+Source0: %{url}/archive/v%{version}.tar.gz
+BuildRequires: %{_bindir}/go-md2man
+%if %{defined build_with_btrfs}
+BuildRequires: btrfs-progs-devel
+%endif
+BuildRequires: git-core
+BuildRequires: golang
+%if !%{defined gobuild}
+BuildRequires: go-rpm-macros
+%endif
+BuildRequires: gpgme-devel
+BuildRequires: libassuan-devel
+BuildRequires: ostree-devel
+BuildRequires: glib2-devel
+BuildRequires: make
+BuildRequires: shadow-utils-subid-devel
+Requires: containers-common >= 4:1-21
+
+%description
+Command line utility to inspect images and repositories directly on Docker
+registries without the need to pull them
+
+# NOTE: The tests subpackage is only intended for testing and will not be supported
+# for end-users and/or customers.
+%package tests
+Summary: Tests for %{name}
+
+Requires: %{name} = %{epoch}:%{version}-%{release}
+Requires: bats
+%if %{defined fakeroot}
+Requires: fakeroot
+%endif
+Requires: gnupg
+Requires: jq
+Requires: golang
+Requires: podman
+Requires: crun
+Requires: httpd-tools
+Requires: openssl
+Requires: squashfs-tools
+
+%description tests
+%{summary}
+
+This package contains system tests for %{name}
+
+%prep
+%autosetup -Sgit %{name}-%{version}
+# The %%install stage should not rebuild anything but only install what's
+# built in the %%build stage. So, remove any dependency on build targets.
+sed -i 's/^install-binary: bin\/%{name}.*/install-binary:/' Makefile
+sed -i 's/^completions: bin\/%{name}.*/completions:/' Makefile
+sed -i 's/^install-docs: docs.*/install-docs:/' Makefile
+
+%build
+%set_build_flags
+export CGO_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+
+# These extra flags present in $CFLAGS have been skipped for now as they break the build
+CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-flto=auto//g')
+CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-Wp,D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS//g')
+CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-specs=\/usr\/lib\/rpm\/redhat\/redhat-annobin-cc1//g')
+
+%ifarch x86_64
+export CGO_CFLAGS="$CGO_CFLAGS -m64 -mtune=generic -fcf-protection=full"
+%endif
+
+BASEBUILDTAGS="$(hack/libsubid_tag.sh)"
+%if %{defined build_with_btrfs}
+export BUILDTAGS="$BASEBUILDTAGS $(hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)"
+%else
+export BUILDTAGS="$BASEBUILDTAGS exclude_graphdriver_btrfs"
+%endif
+
+%if %{defined fips}
+export BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS libtrust_openssl"
+%endif
+
+# unset LDFLAGS earlier set from set_build_flags
+LDFLAGS=''
+
+%gobuild -o bin/%{name} ./cmd/%{name}
+%{__make} docs
+
+%install
+make \
+    DESTDIR=%{buildroot} \
+    PREFIX=%{_prefix} \
+    install-binary install-docs install-completions
+
+# system tests
+install -d -p %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/%{name}/test/system
+cp -pav systemtest/* %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/%{name}/test/system/
+
+#define license tag if not already defined
+%{!?_licensedir:%global license %doc}
+
+# Include this to silence rpmlint.
+# Especially annoying if you use syntastic vim plugin.
+%check
+
+%files
+%license LICENSE
+%doc README.md
+%{_bindir}/%{name}
+%{_mandir}/man1/%{name}*
+%dir %{_datadir}/bash-completion
+%dir %{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions
+%{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions/%{name}
+%dir %{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d
+%{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d/%{name}.fish
+%dir %{_datadir}/zsh/site-functions
+%{_datadir}/zsh/site-functions/_%{name}
+
+%files tests
+%license LICENSE vendor/modules.txt
+%{_datadir}/%{name}/test
+
+%changelog
+%autochangelog

skopeo.spec.rpkg

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-# For automatic rebuilds in COPR
-
-# The following tag is to get correct syntax highlighting for this file in vim text editor
-# vim: syntax=spec
-
-# Any additinoal comments should go below this line or else syntax highlighting
-# may not work.
-
-# CAUTION: This is not a replacement for RPMs provided by your distro.
-# Only intended to build and test the latest unreleased changes.
-
-%global with_debug 1
-%global gomodulesmode GO111MODULE=on
-
-# RHEL 8's default %%gobuild macro doesn't account for the BUILDTAGS variable, so we
-# set it separately here and do not depend on RHEL 8's go-srpm-macros package.
-%if !0%{?fedora} && 0%{?rhel} <= 8
-%define gobuild(o:) %{gomodulesmode} go build -buildmode pie -compiler gc -tags="rpm_crashtraceback libtrust_openssl ${BUILDTAGS:-}" -ldflags "-linkmode=external -compressdwarf=false ${LDFLAGS:-} -B 0x$(head -c20 /dev/urandom|od -An -tx1|tr -d ' \\n') -extldflags '%__global_ldflags'" -a -v -x %{?**};
-%endif
-
-%if 0%{?with_debug}
-%global _find_debuginfo_dwz_opts %{nil}
-%global _dwz_low_mem_die_limit 0
-%else
-%global debug_package %{nil}
-%endif
-
-Name: {{{ git_dir_name }}}
-Epoch: 101
-Version: {{{ git_dir_version }}}
-Release: 1%{?dist}
-Summary: Inspect container images and repositories on registries
-License: ASL 2.0
-URL: https://github.com/containers/skopeo
-VCS: {{{ git_dir_vcs }}}
-Source: {{{ git_dir_pack }}}
-%if 0%{?fedora} && ! 0%{?rhel}
-BuildRequires: btrfs-progs-devel
-%endif
-BuildRequires: golang >= 1.16.6
-BuildRequires: glib2-devel
-BuildRequires: git-core
-BuildRequires: go-md2man
-%if 0%{?fedora} || 0%{?rhel} >= 9
-BuildRequires: go-rpm-macros
-%endif
-BuildRequires: pkgconfig(devmapper)
-BuildRequires: gpgme-devel
-BuildRequires: libassuan-devel
-BuildRequires: pkgconfig
-BuildRequires: make
-BuildRequires: ostree-devel
-Requires: containers-common >= 4:1-78
-
-%description
-Command line utility to inspect images and repositories directly on Docker
-registries without the need to pull them.
-
-%package tests
-Summary: Tests for %{name}
-Requires: %{name} = %{epoch}:%{version}-%{release}
-Requires: bats
-Requires: gnupg
-Requires: jq
-Requires: podman
-Requires: httpd-tools
-Requires: openssl
-Requires: fakeroot
-Requires: squashfs-tools
-
-%description tests
-%{summary}
-
-This package contains system tests for %{name}
-
-%prep
-{{{ git_dir_setup_macro }}}
-
-sed -i 's/install-binary: bin\/skopeo/install-binary:/' Makefile
-
-# This will invoke `make` command in the directory with the extracted sources.
-%build
-%set_build_flags
-export CGO_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-# These extra flags present in $CFLAGS have been skipped for now as they break the build
-CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-flto=auto//g')
-CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-Wp,D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS//g')
-CGO_CFLAGS=$(echo $CGO_CFLAGS | sed 's/-specs=\/usr\/lib\/rpm\/redhat\/redhat-annobin-cc1//g')
-
-%ifarch x86_64
-export CGO_CFLAGS+=" -m64 -mtune=generic -fcf-protection=full"
-%endif
-
-LDFLAGS=""
-
-export BUILDTAGS="$(hack/libdm_tag.sh) $(hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh) $(hack/btrfs_tag.sh)"
-%gobuild -o bin/%{name} ./cmd/%{name}
-
-%install
-%{__make} PREFIX=%{buildroot}%{_prefix} install-binary install-docs install-completions
-
-# system tests
-install -d -p %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/%{name}/test/system
-cp -pav systemtest/* %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/%{name}/test/system/
-
-%files
-%license LICENSE
-%doc README.md
-%{_bindir}/%{name}
-%{_mandir}/man1/%%{name}*
-%dir %{_datadir}/bash-completion
-%dir %{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions
-%{_datadir}/bash-completion/completions/%{name}
-%dir %{_datadir}/fish
-%dir %{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d
-%{_datadir}/fish/vendor_completions.d/%{name}.fish
-%dir %{_datadir}/zsh
-%dir %{_datadir}/zsh/site-functions
-%{_datadir}/zsh/site-functions/_%{name}
-
-%files tests
-%license LICENSE
-%{_datadir}/%{name}/test
-
-%changelog
-{{{ git_dir_changelog }}}

systemtest/010-inspect.bats

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ load helpers
     # the output of 'inspect' lists layer digests,
     # but not the digest of the config blob ($config_digest), if any.
     layers=$(jq -r '.Layers' <<<"$inspect_local")
-    for sha in $(find $workdir -type f | xargs -l1 basename | egrep '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'); do
+    for sha in $(find $workdir -type f | xargs -l1 basename | grep -E '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'); do
         if [ "sha256:$sha" != "$config_digest" ]; then
             expect_output --from="$layers" --substring "sha256:$sha" \
                         "Locally-extracted SHA file is present in 'inspect'"
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ END_EXPECT
 
     # By default, 'inspect' tries to match our host os+arch. This should fail.
     run_skopeo 1 inspect $img
-    expect_output --substring "parsing manifest for image: choosing image instance: no image found in manifest list for architecture $arch, variant " \
+    expect_output --substring "parsing manifest for image: choosing image instance: no image found in manifest list for architecture \\\\\"$arch\\\\\", variant " \
                   "skopeo inspect, without --raw, fails"
 
     # With --raw, we can inspect
@@ -129,4 +129,11 @@ END_EXPECT
     expect_output --from="$repo_tags" "" "inspect --no-tags was expected to return empty RepoTags[]"
 }
 
+@test "inspect: image unknown" {
+    # non existing image
+    run_skopeo 2 inspect containers-storage:non-existing-tag
+    expect_output --substring "does not resolve to an image ID" \
+		  "skopeo inspect containers-storage:010101010101"
+}
+
 # vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/040-local-registry-auth.bats

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function setup() {
     expect_output --substring "authentication required"
 
     # Correct creds, but no such image
-    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+    run_skopeo 2 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
                docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
     expect_output --substring "manifest unknown"
 

systemtest/050-signing.bats

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ END_PUSH
     done <<END_TESTS
 /myns/alice:signed
 /myns/bob:signedbyalice    Invalid GPG signature
-/myns/alice:unsigned       Signature for identity localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed is not accepted
+/myns/alice:unsigned       Signature for identity \\\\\\\\"localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed\\\\\\\\" is not accepted
 /myns/carol:latest         Running image docker://localhost:5000/myns/carol:latest is rejected by policy.
 /open/forall:latest
 END_TESTS

systemtest/060-delete.bats

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ function setup() {
     run_skopeo delete --tls-verify=false $localimg
 
     # make sure image is removed from registry
-    expected_rc=1
+    expected_rc=2
     run_skopeo $expected_rc inspect --tls-verify=false $localimg
 }
 

systemtest/helpers.bash

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SKOPEO_BINARY=${SKOPEO_BINARY:-${TEST_SOURCE_DIR}/../bin/skopeo}
 SKOPEO_TIMEOUT=${SKOPEO_TIMEOUT:-300}
 
 # Default image to run as a local registry
-REGISTRY_FQIN=${SKOPEO_TEST_REGISTRY_FQIN:-quay.io/libpod/registry:2}
+REGISTRY_FQIN=${SKOPEO_TEST_REGISTRY_FQIN:-quay.io/libpod/registry:2.8.2}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # BEGIN setup/teardown
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ start_registry() {
             die "start_registry() invoked with testuser but no testpassword"
         fi
 
-        if ! egrep -q "^$testuser:" $AUTHDIR/htpasswd; then
+        if ! grep -E -q "^$testuser:" $AUTHDIR/htpasswd; then
             htpasswd -Bbn $testuser $testpassword >> $AUTHDIR/htpasswd
         fi
 

systemtest/tmt/main.fmf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require:
+    - bats
+    - skopeo-tests
+
+environment:
+    SKOPEO_BINARY: /usr/bin/skopeo
+
+summary: System test
+test: bash ./test.sh
+duration: 60m

systemtest/tmt/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -exo pipefail
+
+uname -r
+
+rpm -q \
+    bats \
+    containers-common \
+    skopeo \
+    skopeo-tests \
+
+bats /usr/share/skopeo/test/system

vendor/dario.cat/mergo/.deepsource.toml

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ name = "go"
 enabled = true
 
   [analyzers.meta]
-  import_path = "github.com/imdario/mergo"
+  import_path = "dario.cat/mergo"

vendor/dario.cat/mergo/.gitignore

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 # Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
 *.out
 
+# Golang/Intellij
+.idea
+
 # Project-local glide cache, RE: https://github.com/Masterminds/glide/issues/736
 .glide/
 

vendor/dario.cat/mergo/README.md

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 # Mergo
 
-[![GoDoc][3]][4]
 [![GitHub release][5]][6]
 [![GoCard][7]][8]
-[![Build Status][1]][2]
-[![Coverage Status][9]][10]
+[![Test status][1]][2]
+[![OpenSSF Scorecard][21]][22]
+[![OpenSSF Best Practices][19]][20]
+[![Coverage status][9]][10]
 [![Sourcegraph][11]][12]
-[![FOSSA Status][13]][14]
+[![FOSSA status][13]][14]
+
+[![GoDoc][3]][4]
 [![Become my sponsor][15]][16]
 [![Tidelift][17]][18]
 
-[1]: https://travis-ci.org/imdario/mergo.png
-[2]: https://travis-ci.org/imdario/mergo
+[1]: https://github.com/imdario/mergo/workflows/tests/badge.svg?branch=master
+[2]: https://github.com/imdario/mergo/actions/workflows/tests.yml
 [3]: https://godoc.org/github.com/imdario/mergo?status.svg
 [4]: https://godoc.org/github.com/imdario/mergo
 [5]: https://img.shields.io/github/release/imdario/mergo.svg
@@ -28,6 +31,10 @@
 [16]: https://github.com/sponsors/imdario
 [17]: https://tidelift.com/badges/package/go/github.com%2Fimdario%2Fmergo
 [18]: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/go-github.com-imdario-mergo
+[19]: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/7177/badge
+[20]: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/7177
+[21]: https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/imdario/mergo/badge
+[22]: https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/imdario/mergo
 
 A helper to merge structs and maps in Golang. Useful for configuration default values, avoiding messy if-statements.
 
@@ -37,77 +44,60 @@ Also a lovely [comune](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mergo) (municipality) in the
 
 ## Status
 
-It is ready for production use. [It is used in several projects by Docker, Google, The Linux Foundation, VMWare, Shopify, Microsoft, etc](https://github.com/imdario/mergo#mergo-in-the-wild).
+Mergo is stable and frozen, ready for production. Check a short list of the projects using at large scale it [here](https://github.com/imdario/mergo#mergo-in-the-wild).
 
-### Important note
+No new features are accepted. They will be considered for a future v2 that improves the implementation and fixes bugs for corner cases.
+
+### Important notes
+
+#### 1.0.0
+
+In [1.0.0](//github.com/imdario/mergo/releases/tag/1.0.0) Mergo moves to a vanity URL `dario.cat/mergo`. No more v1 versions will be released.
+
+If the vanity URL is causing issues in your project due to a dependency pulling Mergo - it isn't a direct dependency in your project - it is recommended to use [replace](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules#when-should-i-use-the-replace-directive) to pin the version to the last one with the old import URL:
+
+```
+replace github.com/imdario/mergo => github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16
+```
+
+#### 0.3.9
 
 Please keep in mind that a problematic PR broke [0.3.9](//github.com/imdario/mergo/releases/tag/0.3.9). I reverted it in [0.3.10](//github.com/imdario/mergo/releases/tag/0.3.10), and I consider it stable but not bug-free. Also, this version adds support for go modules.
 
 Keep in mind that in [0.3.2](//github.com/imdario/mergo/releases/tag/0.3.2), Mergo changed `Merge()`and `Map()` signatures to support [transformers](#transformers). I added an optional/variadic argument so that it won't break the existing code.
 
-If you were using Mergo before April 6th, 2015, please check your project works as intended after updating your local copy with ```go get -u github.com/imdario/mergo```. I apologize for any issue caused by its previous behavior and any future bug that Mergo could cause in existing projects after the change (release 0.2.0).
+If you were using Mergo before April 6th, 2015, please check your project works as intended after updating your local copy with ```go get -u dario.cat/mergo```. I apologize for any issue caused by its previous behavior and any future bug that Mergo could cause in existing projects after the change (release 0.2.0).
 
 ### Donations
 
 If Mergo is useful to you, consider buying me a coffee, a beer, or making a monthly donation to allow me to keep building great free software. :heart_eyes:
 
-<a href='https://ko-fi.com/B0B58839' target='_blank'><img height='36' style='border:0px;height:36px;' src='https://az743702.vo.msecnd.net/cdn/kofi1.png?v=0' border='0' alt='Buy Me a Coffee at ko-fi.com' /></a>
 <a href="https://liberapay.com/dario/donate"><img alt="Donate using Liberapay" src="https://liberapay.com/assets/widgets/donate.svg"></a>
 <a href='https://github.com/sponsors/imdario' target='_blank'><img alt="Become my sponsor" src="https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/imdario?style=for-the-badge" /></a>
 
 ### Mergo in the wild
 
-- [moby/moby](https://github.com/moby/moby)
-- [kubernetes/kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes)
-- [vmware/dispatch](https://github.com/vmware/dispatch)
-- [Shopify/themekit](https://github.com/Shopify/themekit)
-- [imdario/zas](https://github.com/imdario/zas)
-- [matcornic/hermes](https://github.com/matcornic/hermes)
-- [OpenBazaar/openbazaar-go](https://github.com/OpenBazaar/openbazaar-go)
-- [kataras/iris](https://github.com/kataras/iris)
-- [michaelsauter/crane](https://github.com/michaelsauter/crane)
-- [go-task/task](https://github.com/go-task/task)
-- [sensu/uchiwa](https://github.com/sensu/uchiwa)
-- [ory/hydra](https://github.com/ory/hydra)
-- [sisatech/vcli](https://github.com/sisatech/vcli)
-- [dairycart/dairycart](https://github.com/dairycart/dairycart)
-- [projectcalico/felix](https://github.com/projectcalico/felix)
-- [resin-os/balena](https://github.com/resin-os/balena)
-- [go-kivik/kivik](https://github.com/go-kivik/kivik)
-- [Telefonica/govice](https://github.com/Telefonica/govice)
-- [supergiant/supergiant](supergiant/supergiant)
-- [SergeyTsalkov/brooce](https://github.com/SergeyTsalkov/brooce)
-- [soniah/dnsmadeeasy](https://github.com/soniah/dnsmadeeasy)
-- [ohsu-comp-bio/funnel](https://github.com/ohsu-comp-bio/funnel)
-- [EagerIO/Stout](https://github.com/EagerIO/Stout)
-- [lynndylanhurley/defsynth-api](https://github.com/lynndylanhurley/defsynth-api)
-- [russross/canvasassignments](https://github.com/russross/canvasassignments)
-- [rdegges/cryptly-api](https://github.com/rdegges/cryptly-api)
-- [casualjim/exeggutor](https://github.com/casualjim/exeggutor)
-- [divshot/gitling](https://github.com/divshot/gitling)
-- [RWJMurphy/gorl](https://github.com/RWJMurphy/gorl)
-- [andrerocker/deploy42](https://github.com/andrerocker/deploy42)
-- [elwinar/rambler](https://github.com/elwinar/rambler)
-- [tmaiaroto/gopartman](https://github.com/tmaiaroto/gopartman)
-- [jfbus/impressionist](https://github.com/jfbus/impressionist)
-- [Jmeyering/zealot](https://github.com/Jmeyering/zealot)
-- [godep-migrator/rigger-host](https://github.com/godep-migrator/rigger-host)
-- [Dronevery/MultiwaySwitch-Go](https://github.com/Dronevery/MultiwaySwitch-Go)
-- [thoas/picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit)
-- [mantasmatelis/whooplist-server](https://github.com/mantasmatelis/whooplist-server)
-- [jnuthong/item_search](https://github.com/jnuthong/item_search)
-- [bukalapak/snowboard](https://github.com/bukalapak/snowboard)
-- [containerssh/containerssh](https://github.com/containerssh/containerssh)
-- [goreleaser/goreleaser](https://github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser)
-- [tjpnz/structbot](https://github.com/tjpnz/structbot)
+Mergo is used by [thousands](https://deps.dev/go/dario.cat%2Fmergo/v1.0.0/dependents) [of](https://deps.dev/go/github.com%2Fimdario%2Fmergo/v0.3.16/dependents) [projects](https://deps.dev/go/github.com%2Fimdario%2Fmergo/v0.3.12), including:
+
+* [containerd/containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd)
+* [datadog/datadog-agent](https://github.com/datadog/datadog-agent)
+* [docker/cli/](https://github.com/docker/cli/)
+* [goreleaser/goreleaser](https://github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser)
+* [go-micro/go-micro](https://github.com/go-micro/go-micro)
+* [grafana/loki](https://github.com/grafana/loki)
+* [kubernetes/kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes)
+* [masterminds/sprig](github.com/Masterminds/sprig)
+* [moby/moby](https://github.com/moby/moby)
+* [slackhq/nebula](https://github.com/slackhq/nebula)
+* [volcano-sh/volcano](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano)
 
 ## Install
 
-    go get github.com/imdario/mergo
+    go get dario.cat/mergo
 
     // use in your .go code
     import (
-        "github.com/imdario/mergo"
+        "dario.cat/mergo"
     )
 
 ## Usage
@@ -128,6 +118,39 @@ if err := mergo.Merge(&dst, src, mergo.WithOverride); err != nil {
 }
 ```
 
+If you need to override pointers, so the source pointer's value is assigned to the destination's pointer, you must use `WithoutDereference`:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"dario.cat/mergo"
+)
+
+type Foo struct {
+	A *string
+	B int64
+}
+
+func main() {
+	first := "first"
+	second := "second"
+	src := Foo{
+		A: &first,
+		B: 2,
+	}
+
+	dest := Foo{
+		A: &second,
+		B: 1,
+	}
+
+	mergo.Merge(&dest, src, mergo.WithOverride, mergo.WithoutDereference)
+}
+```
+
 Additionally, you can map a `map[string]interface{}` to a struct (and otherwise, from struct to map), following the same restrictions as in `Merge()`. Keys are capitalized to find each corresponding exported field.
 
 ```go
@@ -145,7 +168,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
+	"dario.cat/mergo"
 )
 
 type Foo struct {
@@ -181,9 +204,9 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
-        "reflect"
-        "time"
+	"dario.cat/mergo"
+    "reflect"
+    "time"
 )
 
 type timeTransformer struct {
@@ -232,5 +255,4 @@ Written by [Dario Castañé](http://dario.im).
 
 [BSD 3-Clause](http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause) license, as [Go language](http://golang.org/LICENSE).
 
-
 [![FOSSA Status](https://app.fossa.io/api/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fimdario%2Fmergo.svg?type=large)](https://app.fossa.io/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fimdario%2Fmergo?ref=badge_large)

vendor/dario.cat/mergo/doc.go

@@ -8,30 +8,36 @@ A helper to merge structs and maps in Golang. Useful for configuration default v
 
 Mergo merges same-type structs and maps by setting default values in zero-value fields. Mergo won't merge unexported (private) fields. It will do recursively any exported one. It also won't merge structs inside maps (because they are not addressable using Go reflection).
 
-Status
+# Status
 
 It is ready for production use. It is used in several projects by Docker, Google, The Linux Foundation, VMWare, Shopify, etc.
 
-Important note
+# Important notes
+
+1.0.0
+
+In 1.0.0 Mergo moves to a vanity URL `dario.cat/mergo`.
+
+0.3.9
 
 Please keep in mind that a problematic PR broke 0.3.9. We reverted it in 0.3.10. We consider 0.3.10 as stable but not bug-free. . Also, this version adds suppot for go modules.
 
 Keep in mind that in 0.3.2, Mergo changed Merge() and Map() signatures to support transformers. We added an optional/variadic argument so that it won't break the existing code.
 
-If you were using Mergo before April 6th, 2015, please check your project works as intended after updating your local copy with go get -u github.com/imdario/mergo. I apologize for any issue caused by its previous behavior and any future bug that Mergo could cause in existing projects after the change (release 0.2.0).
+If you were using Mergo before April 6th, 2015, please check your project works as intended after updating your local copy with go get -u dario.cat/mergo. I apologize for any issue caused by its previous behavior and any future bug that Mergo could cause in existing projects after the change (release 0.2.0).
 
-Install
+# Install
 
 Do your usual installation procedure:
 
-    go get github.com/imdario/mergo
+	go get dario.cat/mergo
 
-    // use in your .go code
-    import (
-        "github.com/imdario/mergo"
-    )
+	// use in your .go code
+	import (
+	    "dario.cat/mergo"
+	)
 
-Usage
+# Usage
 
 You can only merge same-type structs with exported fields initialized as zero value of their type and same-types maps. Mergo won't merge unexported (private) fields but will do recursively any exported one. It won't merge empty structs value as they are zero values too. Also, maps will be merged recursively except for structs inside maps (because they are not addressable using Go reflection).
 
@@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ Here is a nice example:
 
 	import (
 		"fmt"
-		"github.com/imdario/mergo"
+		"dario.cat/mergo"
 	)
 
 	type Foo struct {
@@ -81,7 +87,7 @@ Here is a nice example:
 		// {two 2}
 	}
 
-Transformers
+# Transformers
 
 Transformers allow to merge specific types differently than in the default behavior. In other words, now you can customize how some types are merged. For example, time.Time is a struct; it doesn't have zero value but IsZero can return true because it has fields with zero value. How can we merge a non-zero time.Time?
 
@@ -89,9 +95,9 @@ Transformers allow to merge specific types differently than in the default behav
 
 	import (
 		"fmt"
-		"github.com/imdario/mergo"
-			"reflect"
-			"time"
+		"dario.cat/mergo"
+		"reflect"
+		"time"
 	)
 
 	type timeTransformer struct {
@@ -127,17 +133,16 @@ Transformers allow to merge specific types differently than in the default behav
 		// { 2018-01-12 01:15:00 +0000 UTC m=+0.000000001 }
 	}
 
-Contact me
+# Contact me
 
 If I can help you, you have an idea or you are using Mergo in your projects, don't hesitate to drop me a line (or a pull request): https://twitter.com/im_dario
 
-About
+# About
 
 Written by Dario Castañé: https://da.rio.hn
 
-License
+# License
 
 BSD 3-Clause license, as Go language.
-
 */
 package mergo

vendor/dario.cat/mergo/map.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func deepMap(dst, src reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]*visit, depth int, conf
 			}
 			fieldName := field.Name
 			fieldName = changeInitialCase(fieldName, unicode.ToLower)
-			if v, ok := dstMap[fieldName]; !ok || (isEmptyValue(reflect.ValueOf(v), !config.ShouldNotDereference) || overwrite) {
+			if _, ok := dstMap[fieldName]; !ok || (!isEmptyValue(reflect.ValueOf(src.Field(i).Interface()), !config.ShouldNotDereference) && overwrite) || config.overwriteWithEmptyValue {
 				dstMap[fieldName] = src.Field(i).Interface()
 			}
 		}

vendor/dario.cat/mergo/merge.go

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func deepMerge(dst, src reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]*visit, depth int, co
 					if err = deepMerge(dst.Elem(), src.Elem(), visited, depth+1, config); err != nil {
 						return
 					}
-				} else {
+				} else if src.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Struct {
 					if overwriteWithEmptySrc || (overwrite && !src.IsNil()) || dst.IsNil() {
 						dst.Set(src)
 					}

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/README.md

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ reflection interface similar to Go's standard library `json` and `xml` packages.
 
 Compatible with TOML version [v1.0.0](https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0).
 
-Documentation: https://godocs.io/github.com/BurntSushi/toml
+Documentation: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/BurntSushi/toml
 
 See the [releases page](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml/releases) for a
 changelog; this information is also in the git tag annotations (e.g. `git show
 v0.4.0`).
 
-This library requires Go 1.13 or newer; add it to your go.mod with:
+This library requires Go 1.18 or newer; add it to your go.mod with:
 
     % go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml@latest
 

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/decode.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io/fs"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ import (
 // Unmarshaler is the interface implemented by objects that can unmarshal a
 // TOML description of themselves.
 type Unmarshaler interface {
-	UnmarshalTOML(interface{}) error
+	UnmarshalTOML(any) error
 }
 
 // Unmarshal decodes the contents of data in TOML format into a pointer v.
 //
 // See [Decoder] for a description of the decoding process.
-func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func Unmarshal(data []byte, v any) error {
 	_, err := NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data)).Decode(v)
 	return err
 }
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
 // Decode the TOML data in to the pointer v.
 //
 // See [Decoder] for a description of the decoding process.
-func Decode(data string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
+func Decode(data string, v any) (MetaData, error) {
 	return NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(data)).Decode(v)
 }
 
 // DecodeFile reads the contents of a file and decodes it with [Decode].
-func DecodeFile(path string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
+func DecodeFile(path string, v any) (MetaData, error) {
 	fp, err := os.Open(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return MetaData{}, err
@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ func DecodeFile(path string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
 	return NewDecoder(fp).Decode(v)
 }
 
+// DecodeFS reads the contents of a file from [fs.FS] and decodes it with
+// [Decode].
+func DecodeFS(fsys fs.FS, path string, v any) (MetaData, error) {
+	fp, err := fsys.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return MetaData{}, err
+	}
+	defer fp.Close()
+	return NewDecoder(fp).Decode(v)
+}
+
 // Primitive is a TOML value that hasn't been decoded into a Go value.
 //
 // This type can be used for any value, which will cause decoding to be delayed.
@@ -58,7 +69,7 @@ func DecodeFile(path string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
 // overhead of reflection. They can be useful when you don't know the exact type
 // of TOML data until runtime.
 type Primitive struct {
-	undecoded interface{}
+	undecoded any
 	context   Key
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@ const (
 // UnmarshalText method. See the Unmarshaler example for a demonstration with
 // email addresses.
 //
-// ### Key mapping
+// # Key mapping
 //
 // TOML keys can map to either keys in a Go map or field names in a Go struct.
 // The special `toml` struct tag can be used to map TOML keys to struct fields
@@ -122,7 +133,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 // Decode TOML data in to the pointer `v`.
-func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
+func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v any) (MetaData, error) {
 	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
 	if rv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
 		s := "%q"
@@ -136,8 +147,8 @@ func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
 		return MetaData{}, fmt.Errorf("toml: cannot decode to nil value of %q", reflect.TypeOf(v))
 	}
 
-	// Check if this is a supported type: struct, map, interface{}, or something
-	// that implements UnmarshalTOML or UnmarshalText.
+	// Check if this is a supported type: struct, map, any, or something that
+	// implements UnmarshalTOML or UnmarshalText.
 	rv = indirect(rv)
 	rt := rv.Type()
 	if rv.Kind() != reflect.Struct && rv.Kind() != reflect.Map &&
@@ -148,7 +159,7 @@ func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
 
 	// TODO: parser should read from io.Reader? Or at the very least, make it
 	// read from []byte rather than string
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(dec.r)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(dec.r)
 	if err != nil {
 		return MetaData{}, err
 	}
@@ -179,18 +190,31 @@ func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
 // will only reflect keys that were decoded. Namely, any keys hidden behind a
 // Primitive will be considered undecoded. Executing this method will update the
 // undecoded keys in the meta data. (See the example.)
-func (md *MetaData) PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v interface{}) error {
+func (md *MetaData) PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v any) error {
 	md.context = primValue.context
 	defer func() { md.context = nil }()
 	return md.unify(primValue.undecoded, rvalue(v))
 }
 
+// markDecodedRecursive is a helper to mark any key under the given tmap as
+// decoded, recursing as needed
+func markDecodedRecursive(md *MetaData, tmap map[string]any) {
+	for key := range tmap {
+		md.decoded[md.context.add(key).String()] = struct{}{}
+		if tmap, ok := tmap[key].(map[string]any); ok {
+			md.context = append(md.context, key)
+			markDecodedRecursive(md, tmap)
+			md.context = md.context[0 : len(md.context)-1]
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // unify performs a sort of type unification based on the structure of `rv`,
 // which is the client representation.
 //
 // Any type mismatch produces an error. Finding a type that we don't know
 // how to handle produces an unsupported type error.
-func (md *MetaData) unify(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unify(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	// Special case. Look for a `Primitive` value.
 	// TODO: #76 would make this superfluous after implemented.
 	if rv.Type() == primitiveType {
@@ -207,7 +231,21 @@ func (md *MetaData) unify(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 
 	rvi := rv.Interface()
 	if v, ok := rvi.(Unmarshaler); ok {
-		return v.UnmarshalTOML(data)
+		err := v.UnmarshalTOML(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return md.parseErr(err)
+		}
+		// Assume the Unmarshaler decoded everything, so mark all keys under
+		// this table as decoded.
+		if tmap, ok := data.(map[string]any); ok {
+			markDecodedRecursive(md, tmap)
+		}
+		if aot, ok := data.([]map[string]any); ok {
+			for _, tmap := range aot {
+				markDecodedRecursive(md, tmap)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
 	}
 	if v, ok := rvi.(encoding.TextUnmarshaler); ok {
 		return md.unifyText(data, v)
@@ -227,14 +265,6 @@ func (md *MetaData) unify(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 		return md.unifyInt(data, rv)
 	}
 	switch k {
-	case reflect.Ptr:
-		elem := reflect.New(rv.Type().Elem())
-		err := md.unify(data, reflect.Indirect(elem))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		rv.Set(elem)
-		return nil
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		return md.unifyStruct(data, rv)
 	case reflect.Map:
@@ -248,7 +278,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unify(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	case reflect.Bool:
 		return md.unifyBool(data, rv)
 	case reflect.Interface:
-		if rv.NumMethod() > 0 { // Only support empty interfaces are supported.
+		if rv.NumMethod() > 0 { /// Only empty interfaces are supported.
 			return md.e("unsupported type %s", rv.Type())
 		}
 		return md.unifyAnything(data, rv)
@@ -258,14 +288,13 @@ func (md *MetaData) unify(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return md.e("unsupported type %s", rv.Kind())
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyStruct(mapping interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
-	tmap, ok := mapping.(map[string]interface{})
+func (md *MetaData) unifyStruct(mapping any, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	tmap, ok := mapping.(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		if mapping == nil {
 			return nil
 		}
-		return md.e("type mismatch for %s: expected table but found %T",
-			rv.Type().String(), mapping)
+		return md.e("type mismatch for %s: expected table but found %s", rv.Type().String(), fmtType(mapping))
 	}
 
 	for key, datum := range tmap {
@@ -304,14 +333,14 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyStruct(mapping interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyMap(mapping interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyMap(mapping any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	keyType := rv.Type().Key().Kind()
 	if keyType != reflect.String && keyType != reflect.Interface {
 		return fmt.Errorf("toml: cannot decode to a map with non-string key type (%s in %q)",
 			keyType, rv.Type())
 	}
 
-	tmap, ok := mapping.(map[string]interface{})
+	tmap, ok := mapping.(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		if tmap == nil {
 			return nil
@@ -347,7 +376,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyMap(mapping interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyArray(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyArray(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	datav := reflect.ValueOf(data)
 	if datav.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
 		if !datav.IsValid() {
@@ -361,7 +390,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyArray(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return md.unifySliceArray(datav, rv)
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifySlice(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifySlice(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	datav := reflect.ValueOf(data)
 	if datav.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
 		if !datav.IsValid() {
@@ -388,7 +417,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifySliceArray(data, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyString(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyString(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	_, ok := rv.Interface().(json.Number)
 	if ok {
 		if i, ok := data.(int64); ok {
@@ -408,7 +437,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyString(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return md.badtype("string", data)
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyFloat64(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyFloat64(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	rvk := rv.Kind()
 
 	if num, ok := data.(float64); ok {
@@ -429,7 +458,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyFloat64(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	if num, ok := data.(int64); ok {
 		if (rvk == reflect.Float32 && (num < -maxSafeFloat32Int || num > maxSafeFloat32Int)) ||
 			(rvk == reflect.Float64 && (num < -maxSafeFloat64Int || num > maxSafeFloat64Int)) {
-			return md.parseErr(errParseRange{i: num, size: rvk.String()})
+			return md.parseErr(errUnsafeFloat{i: num, size: rvk.String()})
 		}
 		rv.SetFloat(float64(num))
 		return nil
@@ -438,7 +467,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyFloat64(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return md.badtype("float", data)
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyInt(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyInt(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	_, ok := rv.Interface().(time.Duration)
 	if ok {
 		// Parse as string duration, and fall back to regular integer parsing
@@ -481,7 +510,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyInt(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyBool(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyBool(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	if b, ok := data.(bool); ok {
 		rv.SetBool(b)
 		return nil
@@ -489,12 +518,12 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyBool(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	return md.badtype("boolean", data)
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyAnything(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyAnything(data any, rv reflect.Value) error {
 	rv.Set(reflect.ValueOf(data))
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) unifyText(data interface{}, v encoding.TextUnmarshaler) error {
+func (md *MetaData) unifyText(data any, v encoding.TextUnmarshaler) error {
 	var s string
 	switch sdata := data.(type) {
 	case Marshaler:
@@ -523,27 +552,29 @@ func (md *MetaData) unifyText(data interface{}, v encoding.TextUnmarshaler) erro
 		return md.badtype("primitive (string-like)", data)
 	}
 	if err := v.UnmarshalText([]byte(s)); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return md.parseErr(err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) badtype(dst string, data interface{}) error {
-	return md.e("incompatible types: TOML value has type %T; destination has type %s", data, dst)
+func (md *MetaData) badtype(dst string, data any) error {
+	return md.e("incompatible types: TOML value has type %s; destination has type %s", fmtType(data), dst)
 }
 
 func (md *MetaData) parseErr(err error) error {
 	k := md.context.String()
+	d := string(md.data)
 	return ParseError{
-		LastKey:  k,
-		Position: md.keyInfo[k].pos,
-		Line:     md.keyInfo[k].pos.Line,
+		Message:  err.Error(),
 		err:      err,
-		input:    string(md.data),
+		LastKey:  k,
+		Position: md.keyInfo[k].pos.withCol(d),
+		Line:     md.keyInfo[k].pos.Line,
+		input:    d,
 	}
 }
 
-func (md *MetaData) e(format string, args ...interface{}) error {
+func (md *MetaData) e(format string, args ...any) error {
 	f := "toml: "
 	if len(md.context) > 0 {
 		f = fmt.Sprintf("toml: (last key %q): ", md.context)
@@ -556,7 +587,7 @@ func (md *MetaData) e(format string, args ...interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // rvalue returns a reflect.Value of `v`. All pointers are resolved.
-func rvalue(v interface{}) reflect.Value {
+func rvalue(v any) reflect.Value {
 	return indirect(reflect.ValueOf(v))
 }
 
@@ -600,3 +631,8 @@ func isUnifiable(rv reflect.Value) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+// fmt %T with "interface {}" replaced with "any", which is far more readable.
+func fmtType(t any) string {
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprintf("%T", t), "interface {}", "any")
+}