release v0.1.38

* vendor github.com/containers/image@v3.0.0
* enforce blocking of registries
* Fix lowest possible go version to be 1.9
* man pages: add --dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers
* bash completion: add --dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers
* README.md: skopeo on openSUSE
* copy: add a CLI flag for OCIAcceptUncompressedLayers
* migrate to go modules
* README: Clarify use of `libbtrfs-dev` on Ubuntu

Signed-off-by: Valentin Rothberg <rothberg@redhat.com>

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-skopeo
-skopeo.1
+*.1
+/layers-*
+/skopeo

.travis.yml

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
----
-  language: go
-  sudo: false
-  notifications:
-    email: false
-  env:
-    global:
-    - GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1
-  go:
-    - 1.5
-    - tip
-  install:
-    - go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
-  script:
-    - go vet .
-    - test -z "$(golint . | tee /dev/stderr)"
-    - test -z "$(gofmt -s -l . | tee /dev/stderr)"
-    - go build -o skopeo .
-    - go test -v .
+language: go
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+  -  os: linux
+     sudo: required
+     services:
+       - docker
+  -  os: osx
+
+notifications:
+  email: false
+
+install:
+  # NOTE: The (brew update) should not be necessary, and slows things down;
+  # we include it as a workaround for https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/3299
+  # ideally Travis should bake the (brew update) into its images
+  # (https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/8552 ), but that’s only going
+  # to happen around November 2017 per https://blog.travis-ci.com/2017-10-16-a-new-default-os-x-image-is-coming .
+  # Remove the (brew update) at that time.
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update && brew install gpgme ; fi
+
+script:
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]];   then hack/travis_osx.sh ; fi
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then make vendor && ./hack/tree_status.sh && make check ; fi

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# Contributing to Skopeo
+
+We'd love to have you join the community! Below summarizes the processes
+that we follow.
+
+## Topics
+
+* [Reporting Issues](#reporting-issues)
+* [Submitting Pull Requests](#submitting-pull-requests)
+* [Communications](#communications)
+<!--
+* [Becoming a Maintainer](#becoming-a-maintainer)
+-->
+
+## Reporting Issues
+
+Before reporting an issue, check our backlog of 
+[open issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues)
+to see if someone else has already reported it. If so, feel free to add
+your scenario, or additional information, to the discussion. Or simply 
+"subscribe" to it to be notified when it is updated.
+
+If you find a new issue with the project we'd love to hear about it! The most
+important aspect of a bug report is that it includes enough information for
+us to reproduce it. So, please include as much detail as possible and try
+to remove the extra stuff that doesn't really relate to the issue itself.
+The easier it is for us to reproduce it, the faster it'll be fixed!
+
+Please don't include any private/sensitive information in your issue!
+
+## Submitting Pull Requests
+
+No Pull Request (PR) is too small! Typos, additional comments in the code,
+new testcases, bug fixes, new features, more documentation, ... it's all 
+welcome!
+
+While bug fixes can first be identified via an "issue", that is not required.
+It's ok to just open up a PR with the fix, but make sure you include the same
+information you would have included in an issue - like how to reproduce it.
+
+PRs for new features should include some background on what use cases the
+new code is trying to address. When possible and when it makes sense, try to break-up
+larger PRs into smaller ones - it's easier to review smaller
+code changes. But only if those smaller ones make sense as stand-alone PRs.
+
+Regardless of the type of PR, all PRs should include:
+* well documented code changes
+* additional testcases. Ideally, they should fail w/o your code change applied
+* documentation changes
+
+Squash your commits into logical pieces of work that might want to be reviewed
+separate from the rest of the PRs. Ideally, each commit should implement a single
+idea, and the PR branch should pass the tests at every commit.  GitHub makes it easy
+to review the cumulative effect of many commits; so, when in doubt, use smaller commits.
+
+PRs that fix issues should include a reference like `Closes #XXXX` in the
+commit message so that github will automatically close the referenced issue
+when the PR is merged.
+
+<!--
+All PRs require at least two LGTMs (Looks Good To Me) from maintainers.
+-->
+
+### Sign your PRs
+
+The sign-off is a line at the end of the explanation for the patch. Your
+signature certifies that you wrote the patch or otherwise have the right to pass
+it on as an open-source patch. The rules are simple: if you can certify
+the below (from [developercertificate.org](http://developercertificate.org/)):
+
+```
+Developer Certificate of Origin
+Version 1.1
+
+Copyright (C) 2004, 2006 The Linux Foundation and its contributors.
+660 York Street, Suite 102,
+San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
+license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+
+By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+(a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+    have the right to submit it under the open source license
+    indicated in the file; or
+
+(b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+    of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+    license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+    work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+    by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+    permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+    in the file; or
+
+(c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+    person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
+    it.
+
+(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+    are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+    personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+    maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+    this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+```
+
+Then you just add a line to every git commit message:
+
+    Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@email.com>
+
+Use your real name (sorry, no pseudonyms or anonymous contributions.)
+
+If you set your `user.name` and `user.email` git configs, you can sign your
+commit automatically with `git commit -s`.
+
+### Dependencies management
+
+Make sure [`vndr`](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) is installed.
+
+In order to add a new dependency to this project:
+
+- add a new line to `vendor.conf` according to `vndr` rules (e.g. `github.com/pkg/errors master`)
+- run `make vendor`
+
+In order to update an existing dependency:
+
+- update the relevant dependency line in `vendor.conf`
+- run `make vendor`
+
+When new PRs for [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) break `skopeo` (i.e. `containers/image` tests fail in `make test-skopeo`):
+
+- create out a new branch in your `skopeo` checkout and switch to it
+- update `vendor.conf`. Find out the `containers/image` dependency; update it to vendor from your own branch and your own repository fork (e.g. `github.com/containers/image my-branch https://github.com/runcom/image`)
+- run `make vendor`
+- make any other necessary changes in the skopeo repo (e.g. add other dependencies now requied by `containers/image`, or update skopeo for changed `containers/image` API)
+- optionally add new integration tests to the skopeo repo
+- submit the resulting branch as a skopeo PR, marked “DO NOT MERGE”
+- iterate until tests pass and the PR is reviewed
+- then the original `containers/image` PR can be merged, disregarding its `make test-skopeo` failure
+- as soon as possible after that, in the skopeo PR, restore the `containers/image` line in `vendor.conf` to use `containers/image:master`
+- run `make vendor`
+- update the skopeo PR with the result, drop the “DO NOT MERGE” marking
+- after tests complete succcesfully again, merge the skopeo PR
+
+## Communications
+
+For general questions, or discussions, please use the 
+IRC group on `irc.freenode.net` called `container-projects`
+that has been setup.
+
+For discussions around issues/bugs and features, you can use the github
+[issues](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/issues)
+and
+[PRs](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/pulls)
+tracking system.
+
+<!--
+## Becoming a Maintainer
+
+To become a maintainer you must first be nominated by an existing maintainer.
+If a majority (>50%) of maintainers agree then the proposal is adopted and
+you will be added to the list.
+
+Removing a maintainer requires at least 75% of the remaining maintainers
+approval, or if the person requests to be removed then it is automatic.
+Normally, a maintainer will only be removed if they are considered to be
+inactive for a long period of time or are viewed as disruptive to the community.
+
+The current list of maintainers can be found in the 
+[MAINTAINERS](MAINTAINERS) file.
+-->

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+FROM fedora
+
+RUN dnf -y update && dnf install -y make git golang golang-github-cpuguy83-go-md2man \
+	# storage deps
+	btrfs-progs-devel \
+	device-mapper-devel \
+	# gpgme bindings deps
+	libassuan-devel gpgme-devel \
+	ostree-devel \
+	gnupg \
+	# OpenShift deps
+	which tar wget hostname util-linux bsdtar socat ethtool device-mapper iptables tree findutils nmap-ncat e2fsprogs xfsprogs lsof docker iproute \
+        bats jq podman \
+	golint \
+	&& dnf clean all
+
+# Install two versions of the registry. The first is an older version that
+# only supports schema1 manifests. The second is a newer version that supports
+# both. This allows integration-cli tests to cover push/pull with both schema1
+# and schema2 manifests.
+RUN set -x \
+	&& REGISTRY_COMMIT_SCHEMA1=ec87e9b6971d831f0eff752ddb54fb64693e51cd \
+	&& REGISTRY_COMMIT=47a064d4195a9b56133891bbb13620c3ac83a827 \
+	&& export GOPATH="$(mktemp -d)" \
+	&& git clone https://github.com/docker/distribution.git "$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution" \
+	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution" && git checkout -q "$REGISTRY_COMMIT") \
+	&& GOPATH="$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution/Godeps/_workspace:$GOPATH" \
+		go build -o /usr/local/bin/registry-v2 github.com/docker/distribution/cmd/registry \
+	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution" && git checkout -q "$REGISTRY_COMMIT_SCHEMA1") \
+	&& GOPATH="$GOPATH/src/github.com/docker/distribution/Godeps/_workspace:$GOPATH" \
+		go build -o /usr/local/bin/registry-v2-schema1 github.com/docker/distribution/cmd/registry \
+	&& rm -rf "$GOPATH"
+
+RUN set -x \
+	&& export GOPATH=$(mktemp -d) \
+	&& git clone --depth 1 -b v1.5.0-alpha.3 git://github.com/openshift/origin "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin" \
+	# The sed edits out a "go < 1.5" check which works incorrectly with go ≥ 1.10. \
+	&& sed -i -e 's/\[\[ "\${go_version\[2]}" < "go1.5" ]]/false/' "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/hack/common.sh" \
+	&& (cd "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin" && make clean build && make all WHAT=cmd/dockerregistry) \
+	&& cp -a "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/_output/local/bin/linux"/*/* /usr/local/bin \
+	&& cp "$GOPATH/src/github.com/openshift/origin/images/dockerregistry/config.yml" /atomic-registry-config.yml \
+	&& rm -rf "$GOPATH" \
+	&& mkdir /registry
+
+ENV GOPATH /usr/share/gocode:/go
+ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/share/gocode/bin:$PATH
+RUN go version
+WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+COPY . /go/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+
+#ENTRYPOINT ["hack/dind"]

Dockerfile.build

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+FROM ubuntu:18.10
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    golang \
+    libbtrfs-dev \
+    git-core \
+    libdevmapper-dev \
+    libgpgme11-dev \
+    go-md2man \
+    libglib2.0-dev \
+    libostree-dev
+
+ENV GOPATH=/
+WORKDIR /src/github.com/containers/skopeo

LICENSE

@@ -1,20 +1,189 @@
-Copyright (c) 2016 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>
 
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-the following conditions:
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
 
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
 
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
-CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
-TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
-SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

Makefile

@@ -1,17 +1,182 @@
-export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1
+.PHONY: all binary build-container docs docs-in-container build-local clean install install-binary install-completions shell test-integration .install.vndr vendor
 
-BINDIR=${DESTDIR}/usr/bin/
-MANDIR=${DESTDIR}/usr/share/man
+ifeq ($(shell uname),Darwin)
+PREFIX ?= ${DESTDIR}/usr/local
+DARWIN_BUILD_TAG=containers_image_ostree_stub
+# On macOS, (brew install gpgme) installs it within /usr/local, but /usr/local/include is not in the default search path.
+# Rather than hard-code this directory, use gpgme-config. Sadly that must be done at the top-level user
+# instead of locally in the gpgme subpackage, because cgo supports only pkg-config, not general shell scripts,
+# and gpgme does not install a pkg-config file.
+# If gpgme is not installed or gpgme-config can’t be found for other reasons, the error is silently ignored
+# (and the user will probably find out because the cgo compilation will fail).
+GPGME_ENV := CGO_CFLAGS="$(shell gpgme-config --cflags 2>/dev/null)" CGO_LDFLAGS="$(shell gpgme-config --libs 2>/dev/null)"
+else
+PREFIX ?= ${DESTDIR}/usr
+endif
 
-all:
-	go build -o skopeo .
-	go-md2man -in man/skopeo.1.md -out skopeo.1
+INSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/bin
+MANINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/man
+CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR=${DESTDIR}/etc/containers
+REGISTRIESDDIR=${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}/registries.d
+SIGSTOREDIR=${DESTDIR}/var/lib/atomic/sigstore
+BASHINSTALLDIR=${PREFIX}/share/bash-completion/completions
+GO ?= go
+CONTAINER_RUNTIME := $(shell command -v podman 2> /dev/null || echo docker)
+GOMD2MAN ?= $(shell command -v go-md2man || echo '$(GOBIN)/go-md2man')
 
-install:
-	install -d -m 0755 ${BINDIR}
-	install -m 755 skopeo ${BINDIR}
-	install -m 644 skopeo.1 ${MANDIR}/man1/
+GO_BUILD=$(GO) build
+# Go module support: set `-mod=vendor` to use the vendored sources
+ifeq ($(shell go help mod >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo true), true)
+  GO_BUILD=GO111MODULE=on $(GO) build -mod=vendor
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
+  override GOGCFLAGS += -N -l
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(shell $(GO) env GOOS), linux)
+  GO_DYN_FLAGS="-buildmode=pie"
+endif
+
+GIT_BRANCH := $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+IMAGE := skopeo-dev$(if $(GIT_BRANCH),:$(GIT_BRANCH))
+# set env like gobuildtag?
+CONTAINER_CMD := ${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm -i -e TESTFLAGS="$(TESTFLAGS)" #$(CONTAINER_ENVS)
+# if this session isn't interactive, then we don't want to allocate a
+# TTY, which would fail, but if it is interactive, we do want to attach
+# so that the user can send e.g. ^C through.
+INTERACTIVE := $(shell [ -t 0 ] && echo 1 || echo 0)
+ifeq ($(INTERACTIVE), 1)
+	CONTAINER_CMD += -t
+endif
+CONTAINER_RUN := $(CONTAINER_CMD) "$(IMAGE)"
+
+GIT_COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD 2> /dev/null || true)
+
+MANPAGES_MD = $(wildcard docs/*.md)
+MANPAGES ?= $(MANPAGES_MD:%.md=%)
+
+BTRFS_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/btrfs_tag.sh) $(shell hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh)
+LIBDM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/libdm_tag.sh)
+OSTREE_BUILD_TAG = $(shell hack/ostree_tag.sh)
+LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS = $(BTRFS_BUILD_TAG) $(LIBDM_BUILD_TAG) $(OSTREE_BUILD_TAG) $(DARWIN_BUILD_TAG)
+BUILDTAGS += $(LOCAL_BUILD_TAGS)
+
+ifeq ($(DISABLE_CGO), 1)
+	override BUILDTAGS = containers_image_ostree_stub exclude_graphdriver_devicemapper exclude_graphdriver_btrfs containers_image_openpgp
+endif
+
+#   make all DEBUG=1
+#     Note: Uses the -N -l go compiler options to disable compiler optimizations
+#           and inlining. Using these build options allows you to subsequently
+#           use source debugging tools like delve.
+all: binary docs-in-container
+
+help:
+	@echo "Usage: make <target>"
+	@echo
+	@echo " * 'install' - Install binaries and documents to system locations"
+	@echo " * 'binary' - Build skopeo with a container"
+	@echo " * 'binary-local' - Build skopeo locally"
+	@echo " * 'test-unit' - Execute unit tests"
+	@echo " * 'test-integration' - Execute integration tests"
+	@echo " * 'validate' - Verify whether there is no conflict and all Go source files have been formatted, linted and vetted"
+	@echo " * 'check' - Including above validate, test-integration and test-unit"
+	@echo " * 'shell' - Run the built image and attach to a shell"
+	@echo " * 'clean' - Clean artifacts"
+
+# Build a container image (skopeobuild) that has everything we need to build.
+# Then do the build and the output (skopeo) should appear in current dir
+binary: cmd/skopeo
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
+		skopeobuildimage make binary-local $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+
+binary-static: cmd/skopeo
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
+		skopeobuildimage make binary-local-static $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+
+# Build w/o using containers
+binary-local:
+	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO_BUILD) ${GO_DYN_FLAGS} -ldflags "-X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
+
+binary-local-static:
+	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO_BUILD) -ldflags "-extldflags \"-static\" -X main.gitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}" -gcflags "$(GOGCFLAGS)" -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -o skopeo ./cmd/skopeo
+
+build-container:
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -t "$(IMAGE)" .
+
+$(MANPAGES): %: %.md
+	@sed -e 's/\((skopeo.*\.md)\)//' -e 's/\[\(skopeo.*\)\]/\1/' $<  | $(GOMD2MAN) -in /dev/stdin -out $@
+
+docs: $(MANPAGES)
+
+docs-in-container:
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} build ${BUILD_ARGS} -f Dockerfile.build -t skopeobuildimage .
+	${CONTAINER_RUNTIME} run --rm --security-opt label=disable -v $$(pwd):/src/github.com/containers/skopeo \
+		skopeobuildimage make docs $(if $(DEBUG),DEBUG=$(DEBUG)) BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
 
 clean:
-	rm -f skopeo
-	rm -f skopeo.1
+	rm -f skopeo docs/*.1
+
+install: install-binary install-docs install-completions
+	install -d -m 755 ${SIGSTOREDIR}
+	install -d -m 755 ${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}
+	install -m 644 default-policy.json ${CONTAINERSSYSCONFIGDIR}/policy.json
+	install -d -m 755 ${REGISTRIESDDIR}
+	install -m 644 default.yaml ${REGISTRIESDDIR}/default.yaml
+
+install-binary: ./skopeo
+	install -d -m 755 ${INSTALLDIR}
+	install -m 755 skopeo ${INSTALLDIR}/skopeo
+
+install-docs: docs
+	install -d -m 755 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1
+	install -m 644 docs/*.1 ${MANINSTALLDIR}/man1/
+
+install-completions:
+	install -m 755 -d ${BASHINSTALLDIR}
+	install -m 644 completions/bash/skopeo ${BASHINSTALLDIR}/skopeo
+
+shell: build-container
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash
+
+check: validate test-unit test-integration test-system
+
+# The tests can run out of entropy and block in containers, so replace /dev/random.
+test-integration: build-container
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) bash -c 'rm -f /dev/random; ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random; SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-integration'
+
+# complicated set of options needed to run podman-in-podman
+test-system: build-container
+	DTEMP=$(shell mktemp -d --tmpdir=/var/tmp podman-tmp.XXXXXX); \
+	$(CONTAINER_CMD) --privileged --net=host \
+	    -v $$DTEMP:/var/lib/containers:Z \
+            "$(IMAGE)" \
+            bash -c 'BUILDTAGS="$(BUILDTAGS)" hack/make.sh test-system'; \
+	rc=$$?; \
+	$(RM) -rf $$DTEMP; \
+	exit $$rc
+
+test-unit: build-container
+	# Just call (make test unit-local) here instead of worrying about environment differences
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) make test-unit-local BUILDTAGS='$(BUILDTAGS)'
+
+validate: build-container
+	$(CONTAINER_RUN) hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
+
+# This target is only intended for development, e.g. executing it from an IDE. Use (make test) for CI or pre-release testing.
+test-all-local: validate-local test-unit-local
+
+validate-local:
+	hack/make.sh validate-git-marks validate-gofmt validate-lint validate-vet
+
+test-unit-local:
+	$(GPGME_ENV) $(GO) test -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" $$($(GO) list -tags "$(BUILDTAGS)" -e ./... | grep -v '^github\.com/containers/skopeo/\(integration\|vendor/.*\)$$')
+
+vendor:
+	export GO111MODULE=on \
+		$(GO) mod tidy && \
+		$(GO) mod vendor && \
+		$(GO) mod verify

README.md

@@ -1,55 +1,123 @@
-skopeo [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/runcom/skopeo.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/runcom/skopeo)
+skopeo [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/containers/skopeo.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/containers/skopeo)
 =
 
-_Please be aware `skopeo` is still work in progress_
+<img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/containers/skopeo/master/docs/skopeo.svg" width="250">
+
+----
+
+`skopeo` is a command line utility that performs various operations on container images and image repositories.
+
+`skopeo` can work with [OCI images](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec) as well as the original Docker v2 images.
+
+Skopeo works with API V2 registries such as Docker registries, the Atomic registry, private registries, local directories and local OCI-layout directories.  Skopeo does not require a daemon to be running to perform these operations which consist of:
+
+ * Copying an image from and to various storage mechanisms.
+   For example you can copy images from one registry to another, without requiring privilege.
+ * Inspecting a remote image showing its properties including its layers, without requiring you to pull the image to the host.
+ * Deleting an image from an image repository.
+ * When required by the repository, skopeo can pass the appropriate credentials and certificates for authentication.
+
+ Skopeo operates on the following image and repository types:
+
+ * containers-storage:docker-reference
+         An image located in a local containers/storage image store.  Location and image store specified in /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+ * dir:path
+         An existing local directory path storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
+
+ * docker://docker-reference
+         An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in $HOME/.docker/config.json, which is set e.g. using (docker login).
+
+ * docker-archive:path[:docker-reference]
+         An image is stored in the `docker save` formated file.  docker-reference is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
+
+ * docker-daemon:docker-reference
+         An image docker-reference stored in the docker daemon internal storage.  docker-reference must contain either a tag or a digest.  Alternatively, when reading images, the format can also be docker-daemon:algo:digest (an image ID).
+
+ * oci:path:tag
+         An image tag in a directory compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at path.
+
+ * ostree:image[@/absolute/repo/path]
+         An image in local OSTree repository.  /absolute/repo/path defaults to /ostree/repo.
+
+Inspecting a repository
+-
+`skopeo` is able to _inspect_ a repository on a Docker registry and fetch images layers.
+The _inspect_ command fetches the repository's manifest and it is able to show you a `docker inspect`-like
+json output about a whole repository or a tag. This tool, in contrast to `docker inspect`, helps you gather useful information about
+a repository or a tag before pulling it (using disk space).  The inspect command can show you which tags are available for the given 
+repository, the labels the image has, the creation date and operating system of the image and more.  
 
-`skopeo` is a command line utility which is able to _inspect_ a repository on a Docker registry.
-By _inspect_ I mean it fetches the repository's manifest and it is able to show you a `docker inspect`-like
-json output about a whole repository or a tag. This tool, in constrast to `docker inspect`, helps you gather useful information about
-a repository or a tag before pulling it (using disk space) - e.g. - which tags are available for the given repository? which labels the image has?
 
 Examples:
 ```sh
-# show repository's labels of rhel7:latest
-$ skopeo registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 | jq '.Config.Labels'
+# show properties of fedora:latest
+$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
 {
-  "Architecture": "x86_64",
-  "Authoritative_Registry": "registry.access.redhat.com",
-  "BZComponent": "rhel-server-docker",
-  "Build_Host": "rcm-img04.build.eng.bos.redhat.com",
-  "Name": "rhel7/rhel",
-  "Release": "38",
-  "Vendor": "Red Hat, Inc.",
-  "Version": "7.2"
+    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
+    "Tag": "latest",
+    "Digest": "sha256:cfd8f071bf8da7a466748f522406f7ae5908d002af1b1a1c0dcf893e183e5b32",
+    "RepoTags": [
+        "20",
+        "21",
+        "22",
+        "23",
+        "heisenbug",
+        "latest",
+        "rawhide"
+    ],
+    "Created": "2016-03-04T18:40:02.92155334Z",
+    "DockerVersion": "1.9.1",
+    "Labels": {},
+    "Architecture": "amd64",
+    "Os": "linux",
+    "Layers": [
+        "sha256:236608c7b546e2f4e7223526c74fc71470ba06d46ec82aeb402e704bfdee02a2",
+        "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
+    ]
 }
 
-# show repository's tags
-$ skopeo docker.io/fedora | jq '.RepoTags'
-[
-  "20",
-  "21",
-  "22",
-  "23",
-  "heisenbug",
-  "latest",
-  "rawhide"
-]
-
-# show image's digest
-$ skopeo docker.io/fedora:rawhide | jq '.Digest'
+# show unverifed image's digest
+$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora:rawhide | jq '.Digest'
 "sha256:905b4846938c8aef94f52f3e41a11398ae5b40f5855fb0e40ed9c157e721d7f8"
 ```
 
+Copying images
+-
+`skopeo` can copy container images between various storage mechanisms, including:
+* Docker distribution based registries
+
+  -  The Docker Hub, OpenShift, GCR, Artifactory, Quay ...
+
+* Container Storage backends
+
+  -  Docker daemon storage
+
+  -  github.com/containers/storage (Backend for CRI-O, Buildah and friends)
+
+* Local directories
+
+* Local OCI-layout directories
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:1-glibc atomic:myns/unsigned:streaming
+$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:existingemptydirectory
+$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest oci:busybox_ocilayout:latest
+```
+
+Deleting images
+-
+For example,
+```sh
+$ skopeo delete docker://localhost:5000/imagename:latest
+```
+
 Private registries with authentication
 -
-When interacting with private registries, `skopeo` first looks for the Docker's cli config file (usually located at `$HOME/.docker/config.json`) to get the credentials needed to authenticate. When the file isn't available it falls back looking for `--username` and `--password` flags. The ultimate fallback, as Docker does, is to provide an empty authentication when interacting with those registries.
+When interacting with private registries, `skopeo` first looks for `--creds` (for `skopeo inspect|delete`) or `--src-creds|--dest-creds` (for `skopeo copy`) flags. If those aren't provided, it looks for the Docker's cli config file (usually located at `$HOME/.docker/config.json`) to get the credentials needed to authenticate. The ultimate fallback, as Docker does, is to provide an empty authentication when interacting with those registries.
 
 Examples:
 ```sh
-# on my system
-$ skopeo --help | grep docker-cfg
-   --docker-cfg "/home/runcom/.docker"	Docker's cli config for auth
-
 $ cat /home/runcom/.docker/config.json
 {
 	"auths": {
@@ -61,49 +129,122 @@ $ cat /home/runcom/.docker/config.json
 }
 
 # we can see I'm already authenticated via docker login so everything will be fine
-$ skopeo myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
+$ skopeo inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
 {"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}
 
 # let's try now to fake a non existent Docker's config file
-$ skopeo --docker-cfg="" myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
-INFO[0000] Docker cli config file not found: stat : no such file or directory, falling back to --username and --password
-FATA[0000] unable to ping registry endpoint http://myregistrydomain.com:5000/v0/
-v2 ping attempt failed with error: Get http://myregistrydomain.com:5000/v2/: malformed HTTP response "\x15\x03\x01\x00\x02\x02"
- v1 ping attempt failed with error: Get http://myregistrydomain.com:5000/v1/_ping: malformed HTTP response "\x15\x03\x01\x00\x02\x02"
+$ cat /home/runcom/.docker/config.json
+{}
 
-# we can see the cli config isn't found so it looks for --username and --password
-# but because I didn't provide them I can't auth to the registry and I receive the above error
-INFO[0000] Docker cli config file not found: stat : no such file or directory, falling back to --username and --password
+$ skopeo inspect docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
+FATA[0000] unauthorized: authentication required
 
-# passing --username and --password - we can see that everything goes fine despite an info showing
-# cli config can't be found
-$ skopeo --docker-cfg="" --username=testuser --password=testpassword myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
-INFO[0000] Docker cli config file not found: stat : no such file or directory, falling back to --username and --password
+# passing --creds - we can see that everything goes fine
+$ skopeo inspect --creds=testuser:testpassword docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/busybox
 {"Tag":"latest","Digest":"sha256:473bb2189d7b913ed7187a33d11e743fdc2f88931122a44d91a301b64419f092","RepoTags":["latest"],"Comment":"","Created":"2016-01-15T18:06:41.282540103Z","ContainerConfig":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) CMD [\"sh\"]"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"DockerVersion":"1.8.3","Author":"","Config":{"Hostname":"aded96b43f48","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":null,"Cmd":["sh"],"Image":"9e77fef7a1c9f989988c06620dabc4020c607885b959a2cbd7c2283c91da3e33","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"Architecture":"amd64","Os":"linux"}
+
+# skopeo copy example:
+$ skopeo copy --src-creds=testuser:testpassword docker://myregistrydomain.com:5000/private oci:local_oci_image
 ```
 If your cli config is found but it doesn't contain the necessary credentials for the queried registry
-you'll get an error. You can fix this by either logging in (via `docker login`) or providing `--username`
-and `--password`.
-Building
+you'll get an error. You can fix this by either logging in (via `docker login`) or providing `--creds` or `--src-creds|--dest-creds`.
+
+
+Obtaining skopeo
 -
+`skopeo` may already be packaged in your distribution, for example on Fedora 23 and later you can install it using
 ```sh
-$ git clone https://github.com/runcom/skopeo
-$ make
+$ sudo dnf install skopeo
 ```
-Installing
--
+for openSUSE:
+```sh
+$ sudo zypper install skopeo
+```
+
+
+Otherwise, read on for building and installing it from source:
+
+To build the `skopeo` binary you need at least Go 1.9.
+
+There are two ways to build skopeo: in a container, or locally without a container.  Choose the one which better matches your needs and environment.
+
+### Building without a container
+Building without a container requires a bit more manual work and setup in your environment, but it is more flexible:
+- It should work in more environments (e.g. for native macOS builds)
+- It does not require root privileges (after dependencies are installed)
+- It is faster, therefore more convenient for developing `skopeo`.
+
+Install the necessary dependencies:
+```sh
+# Fedora:
+sudo dnf install gpgme-devel libassuan-devel btrfs-progs-devel device-mapper-devel ostree-devel
+
+# Ubuntu (`libbtrfs-dev` requires Ubuntu 18.10 and above):
+sudo apt install libgpgme-dev libassuan-dev libbtrfs-dev libdevmapper-dev libostree-dev
+
+# macOS:
+brew install gpgme
+
+# openSUSE
+sudo zypper install libgpgme-devel device-mapper-devel libbtrfs-devel glib2-devel
+```
+
+Make sure to clone this repository in your `GOPATH` - otherwise compilation fails.
+
+```sh
+$ git clone https://github.com/containers/skopeo $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo
+$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/skopeo && make binary-local
+```
+
+### Building in a container
+Building in a container is simpler, but more restrictive:
+- It requires the `docker` command and the ability to run Linux containers
+- The created executable is a Linux executable, and depends on dynamic libraries which may only be available only in a container of a similar Linux distribution.
+
+```sh
+$ make binary # Or (make all) to also build documentation, see below.
+```
+
+To build a pure-Go static binary (disables ostree, devicemapper, btrfs, and gpgme):
+
+```sh
+$ make binary-static DISABLE_CGO=1
+```
+
+### Building documentation
+To build the manual you will need go-md2man.
+```sh
+Debian$ sudo apt-get install go-md2man
+Fedora$ sudo dnf install go-md2man
+```
+Then
+```sh
+$ make docs
+```
+
+### Installation
+Finally, after the binary and documentation is built:
 ```sh
 $ sudo make install
 ```
+
 TODO
 -
+- list all images on registry?
+- registry v2 search?
 - show repo tags via flag or when reference isn't tagged or digested
-- add tests (integration with deployed registries in container - Docker-like)
+- support rkt/appc image spec
 
 NOT TODO
 -
 - provide a _format_ flag - just use the awesome [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/)
 
+CONTRIBUTING
+-
+
+Please read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) if you want to collaborate in the project.
+
 License
 -
-MIT
+skopeo is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See
+[LICENSE](LICENSE) for the full license text.

cmd/skopeo/cgo_pthread_ordering_workaround.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// +build !containers_image_openpgp
+
+package main
+
+/*
+This is a pretty horrible workaround.  Due to a glibc bug
+https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1326903 , we must ensure we link
+with -lgpgme before -lpthread.  Such arguments come from various packages
+using cgo, and the ordering of these arguments is, with current (go tool link),
+dependent on the order in which the cgo-using packages are found in a
+breadth-first search following dependencies, starting from “main”.
+
+Thus, if
+   import "net"
+is processed before
+   import "…/skopeo/signature"
+it will, in the next level of the BFS, pull in "runtime/cgo" (a dependency of
+"net") before "mtrmac/gpgme" (a dependency of "…/skopeo/signature"), causing
+-lpthread (used by "runtime/cgo") to be used before -lgpgme.
+
+This might be possible to work around by careful import ordering, or by removing
+a direct dependency on "net", but that would be very fragile.
+
+So, until the above bug is fixed, add -lgpgme directly in the "main" package
+to ensure the needed build order.
+
+Unfortunately, this workaround needs to be applied at the top level of any user
+of "…/skopeo/signature"; it cannot be added to "…/skopeo/signature" itself,
+by that time this package is first processed by the linker, a -lpthread may
+already be queued and it would be too late.
+*/
+
+// #cgo LDFLAGS: -lgpgme
+import "C"

cmd/skopeo/copy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/copy"
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker/reference"
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+type copyOptions struct {
+	global            *globalOptions
+	srcImage          *imageOptions
+	destImage         *imageDestOptions
+	additionalTags    cli.StringSlice // For docker-archive: destinations, in addition to the name:tag specified as destination, also add these
+	removeSignatures  bool            // Do not copy signatures from the source image
+	signByFingerprint string          // Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified fingerprint
+	format            optionalString  // Force conversion of the image to a specified format
+	quiet             bool            // Suppress output information when copying images
+
+}
+
+func copyCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	srcFlags, srcOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "src-", "screds")
+	destFlags, destOpts := imageDestFlags(global, sharedOpts, "dest-", "dcreds")
+	opts := copyOptions{global: global,
+		srcImage:  srcOpts,
+		destImage: destOpts,
+	}
+
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:  "copy",
+		Usage: "Copy an IMAGE-NAME from one location to another",
+		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+
+	Container "IMAGE-NAME" uses a "transport":"details" format.
+
+	Supported transports:
+	%s
+
+	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
+	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
+		ArgsUsage: "SOURCE-IMAGE DESTINATION-IMAGE",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		// FIXME: Do we need to namespace the GPG aspect?
+		Flags: append(append(append([]cli.Flag{
+			cli.StringSliceFlag{
+				Name:  "additional-tag",
+				Usage: "additional tags (supports docker-archive)",
+				Value: &opts.additionalTags, // Surprisingly StringSliceFlag does not support Destination:, but modifies Value: in place.
+			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "quiet, q",
+				Usage:       "Suppress output information when copying images",
+				Destination: &opts.quiet,
+			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "remove-signatures",
+				Usage:       "Do not copy signatures from SOURCE-IMAGE",
+				Destination: &opts.removeSignatures,
+			},
+			cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:        "sign-by",
+				Usage:       "Sign the image using a GPG key with the specified `FINGERPRINT`",
+				Destination: &opts.signByFingerprint,
+			},
+			cli.GenericFlag{
+				Name:  "format, f",
+				Usage: "`MANIFEST TYPE` (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)",
+				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.format),
+			},
+		}, sharedFlags...), srcFlags...), destFlags...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *copyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		return errorShouldDisplayUsage{errors.New("Exactly two arguments expected")}
+	}
+	imageNames := args
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	policyContext, err := opts.global.getPolicyContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error loading trust policy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer policyContext.Destroy()
+
+	srcRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", imageNames[0], err)
+	}
+	destRef, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageNames[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid destination name %s: %v", imageNames[1], err)
+	}
+
+	sourceCtx, err := opts.srcImage.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	destinationCtx, err := opts.destImage.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var manifestType string
+	if opts.format.present {
+		switch opts.format.value {
+		case "oci":
+			manifestType = imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest
+		case "v2s1":
+			manifestType = manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType
+		case "v2s2":
+			manifestType = manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown format %q. Choose one of the supported formats: 'oci', 'v2s1', or 'v2s2'", opts.format.value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, image := range opts.additionalTags {
+		ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(image)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error parsing additional-tag '%s': %v", image, err)
+		}
+		namedTagged, isNamedTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
+		if !isNamedTagged {
+			return fmt.Errorf("additional-tag '%s' must be a tagged reference", image)
+		}
+		destinationCtx.DockerArchiveAdditionalTags = append(destinationCtx.DockerArchiveAdditionalTags, namedTagged)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if opts.quiet {
+		stdout = nil
+	}
+	_, err = copy.Image(ctx, policyContext, destRef, srcRef, &copy.Options{
+		RemoveSignatures:      opts.removeSignatures,
+		SignBy:                opts.signByFingerprint,
+		ReportWriter:          stdout,
+		SourceCtx:             sourceCtx,
+		DestinationCtx:        destinationCtx,
+		ForceManifestMIMEType: manifestType,
+	})
+	return err
+}

cmd/skopeo/delete.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+type deleteOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+	image  *imageOptions
+}
+
+func deleteCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	opts := deleteOptions{
+		global: global,
+		image:  imageOpts,
+	}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:  "delete",
+		Usage: "Delete image IMAGE-NAME",
+		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+	Delete an "IMAGE_NAME" from a transport
+
+	Supported transports:
+	%s
+
+	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
+	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
+		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Flags:     append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *deleteOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: delete imageReference")
+	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid source name %s: %v", imageName, err)
+	}
+
+	sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+	return ref.DeleteImage(ctx, sys)
+}

cmd/skopeo/fixtures/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/*.gpg~
+/.gpg-v21-migrated
+/private-keys-v1.d
+/random_seed

cmd/skopeo/fixtures/image.manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+    "schemaVersion": 2,
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+    "config": {
+        "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
+        "size": 7023,
+        "digest": "sha256:b5b2b2c507a0944348e0303114d8d93aaaa081732b86451d9bce1f432a537bc7"
+    },
+    "layers": [
+        {
+            "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+            "size": 32654,
+            "digest": "sha256:e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f"
+        },
+        {
+            "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+            "size": 16724,
+            "digest": "sha256:3c3a4604a545cdc127456d94e421cd355bca5b528f4a9c1905b15da2eb4a4c6b"
+        },
+        {
+            "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+            "size": 73109,
+            "digest": "sha256:ec4b8955958665577945c89419d1af06b5f7636b4ac3da7f12184802ad867736"
+        }
+    ]
+}

cmd/skopeo/fixtures/v2s1-invalid-signatures.manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+   "schemaVersion": 1,
+   "name": "mitr/buxybox",
+   "tag": "latest",
+   "architecture": "amd64",
+   "fsLayers": [
+   ],
+   "history": [
+   ],
+   "signatures": 1
+}

cmd/skopeo/flag.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// optionalBool is a boolean with a separate presence flag.
+type optionalBool struct {
+	present bool
+	value   bool
+}
+
+// optionalBool is a cli.Generic == flag.Value implementation equivalent to
+// the one underlying flag.Bool, except that it records whether the flag has been set.
+// This is distinct from optionalBool to (pretend to) force callers to use
+// newOptionalBool
+type optionalBoolValue optionalBool
+
+func newOptionalBoolValue(p *optionalBool) cli.Generic {
+	p.present = false
+	return (*optionalBoolValue)(p)
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) Set(s string) error {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ob.value = v
+	ob.present = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) String() string {
+	if !ob.present {
+		return "" // This is, sadly, not round-trip safe: --flag is interpreted as --flag=true
+	}
+	return strconv.FormatBool(ob.value)
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalBoolValue) IsBoolFlag() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// optionalString is a string with a separate presence flag.
+type optionalString struct {
+	present bool
+	value   string
+}
+
+// optionalString is a cli.Generic == flag.Value implementation equivalent to
+// the one underlying flag.String, except that it records whether the flag has been set.
+// This is distinct from optionalString to (pretend to) force callers to use
+// newoptionalString
+type optionalStringValue optionalString
+
+func newOptionalStringValue(p *optionalString) cli.Generic {
+	p.present = false
+	return (*optionalStringValue)(p)
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalStringValue) Set(s string) error {
+	ob.value = s
+	ob.present = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ob *optionalStringValue) String() string {
+	if !ob.present {
+		return "" // This is, sadly, not round-trip safe: --flag= is interpreted as {present:true, value:""}
+	}
+	return ob.value
+}

cmd/skopeo/flag_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func TestOptionalBoolSet(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input    string
+		accepted bool
+		value    bool
+	}{
+		// Valid inputs documented for strconv.ParseBool == flag.BoolVar
+		{"1", true, true},
+		{"t", true, true},
+		{"T", true, true},
+		{"TRUE", true, true},
+		{"true", true, true},
+		{"True", true, true},
+		{"0", true, false},
+		{"f", true, false},
+		{"F", true, false},
+		{"FALSE", true, false},
+		{"false", true, false},
+		{"False", true, false},
+		// A few invalid inputs
+		{"", false, false},
+		{"yes", false, false},
+		{"no", false, false},
+		{"2", false, false},
+	} {
+		var ob optionalBool
+		v := newOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
+		require.False(t, ob.present)
+		err := v.Set(c.input)
+		if c.accepted {
+			assert.NoError(t, err, c.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.value, ob.value)
+		} else {
+			assert.Error(t, err, c.input)
+			assert.False(t, ob.present) // Just to be extra paranoid.
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Nothing actually explicitly says that .Set() is never called when the flag is not present on the command line;
+	// so, check that it is not being called, at least in the straightforward case (it's not possible to test that it
+	// is not called in any possible situation).
+	var globalOB, commandOB optionalBool
+	actionRun := false
+	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  "global-OB",
+			Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&globalOB),
+		},
+	}
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+		Name: "cmd",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			cli.GenericFlag{
+				Name:  "command-OB",
+				Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&commandOB),
+			},
+		},
+		Action: func(*cli.Context) error {
+			assert.False(t, globalOB.present)
+			assert.False(t, commandOB.present)
+			actionRun = true
+			return nil
+		},
+	}}
+	err := app.Run([]string{"app", "cmd"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, actionRun)
+}
+
+func TestOptionalBoolString(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input    optionalBool
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, "true"},
+		{optionalBool{present: true, value: false}, "false"},
+		{optionalBool{present: false, value: true}, ""},
+		{optionalBool{present: false, value: false}, ""},
+	} {
+		var ob optionalBool
+		v := newOptionalBoolValue(&ob)
+		ob = c.input
+		res := v.String()
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionalBoolIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	// IsBoolFlag means that the argument value must either be part of the same argument, with =;
+	// if there is no =, the value is set to true.
+	// This differs form other flags, where the argument is required and may be either separated with = or supplied in the next argument.
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input        []string
+		expectedOB   optionalBool
+		expectedArgs []string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},                                       // Flag not present
+		{[]string{"--OB=true", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"1", "2"}},              // --OB=true
+		{[]string{"--OB=false", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},            // --OB=false
+		{[]string{"--OB", "true", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"true", "1", "2"}},   // --OB true
+		{[]string{"--OB", "false", "1", "2"}, optionalBool{present: true, value: true}, []string{"false", "1", "2"}}, // --OB false
+	} {
+		var ob optionalBool
+		actionRun := false
+		app := cli.NewApp()
+		app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+			Name: "cmd",
+			Flags: []cli.Flag{
+				cli.GenericFlag{
+					Name:  "OB",
+					Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&ob),
+				},
+			},
+			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOB, ob)
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, ([]string)(ctx.Args()))
+				actionRun = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		}}
+		err := app.Run(append([]string{"app", "cmd"}, c.input...))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, actionRun)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionalStringSet(t *testing.T) {
+	// Really just a smoke test, but differentiating between not present and empty.
+	for _, c := range []string{"", "hello"} {
+		var os optionalString
+		v := newOptionalStringValue(&os)
+		require.False(t, os.present)
+		err := v.Set(c)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, c)
+		assert.Equal(t, c, os.value)
+	}
+
+	// Nothing actually explicitly says that .Set() is never called when the flag is not present on the command line;
+	// so, check that it is not being called, at least in the straightforward case (it's not possible to test that it
+	// is not called in any possible situation).
+	var globalOS, commandOS optionalString
+	actionRun := false
+	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  "global-OS",
+			Value: newOptionalStringValue(&globalOS),
+		},
+	}
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+		Name: "cmd",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			cli.GenericFlag{
+				Name:  "command-OS",
+				Value: newOptionalStringValue(&commandOS),
+			},
+		},
+		Action: func(*cli.Context) error {
+			assert.False(t, globalOS.present)
+			assert.False(t, commandOS.present)
+			actionRun = true
+			return nil
+		},
+	}}
+	err := app.Run([]string{"app", "cmd"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, actionRun)
+}
+
+func TestOptionalStringString(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input    optionalString
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, "hello"},
+		{optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, ""},
+		{optionalString{present: false, value: "hello"}, ""},
+		{optionalString{present: false, value: ""}, ""},
+	} {
+		var os optionalString
+		v := newOptionalStringValue(&os)
+		os = c.input
+		res := v.String()
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expected, res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionalStringIsBoolFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	// NOTE: optionalStringValue does not implement IsBoolFlag!
+	// IsBoolFlag means that the argument value must either be part of the same argument, with =;
+	// if there is no =, the value is set to true.
+	// This differs form other flags, where the argument is required and may be either separated with = or supplied in the next argument.
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		input        []string
+		expectedOS   optionalString
+		expectedArgs []string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"1", "2"}, optionalString{present: false}, []string{"1", "2"}},                                 // Flag not present
+		{[]string{"--OS=hello", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, []string{"1", "2"}},    // --OS=true
+		{[]string{"--OS=", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, []string{"1", "2"}},              // --OS=false
+		{[]string{"--OS", "hello", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: "hello"}, []string{"1", "2"}}, // --OS true
+		{[]string{"--OS", "", "1", "2"}, optionalString{present: true, value: ""}, []string{"1", "2"}},           // --OS false
+	} {
+		var os optionalString
+		actionRun := false
+		app := cli.NewApp()
+		app.Commands = []cli.Command{{
+			Name: "cmd",
+			Flags: []cli.Flag{
+				cli.GenericFlag{
+					Name:  "OS",
+					Value: newOptionalStringValue(&os),
+				},
+			},
+			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedOS, os)
+				assert.Equal(t, c.expectedArgs, ([]string)(ctx.Args()))
+				actionRun = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		}}
+		err := app.Run(append([]string{"app", "cmd"}, c.input...))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, actionRun)
+	}
+}

cmd/skopeo/inspect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker"
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// inspectOutput is the output format of (skopeo inspect), primarily so that we can format it with a simple json.MarshalIndent.
+type inspectOutput struct {
+	Name          string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Tag           string `json:",omitempty"`
+	Digest        digest.Digest
+	RepoTags      []string
+	Created       *time.Time
+	DockerVersion string
+	Labels        map[string]string
+	Architecture  string
+	Os            string
+	Layers        []string
+}
+
+type inspectOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+	image  *imageOptions
+	raw    bool // Output the raw manifest instead of parsing information about the image
+	config bool // Output the raw config blob instead of parsing information about the image
+}
+
+func inspectCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	opts := inspectOptions{
+		global: global,
+		image:  imageOpts,
+	}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:  "inspect",
+		Usage: "Inspect image IMAGE-NAME",
+		Description: fmt.Sprintf(`
+	Return low-level information about "IMAGE-NAME" in a registry/transport
+
+	Supported transports:
+	%s
+
+	See skopeo(1) section "IMAGE NAMES" for the expected format
+	`, strings.Join(transports.ListNames(), ", ")),
+		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME",
+		Flags: append(append([]cli.Flag{
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "raw",
+				Usage:       "output raw manifest or configuration",
+				Destination: &opts.raw,
+			},
+			cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:        "config",
+				Usage:       "output configuration",
+				Destination: &opts.config,
+			},
+		}, sharedFlags...), imageFlags...),
+		Action: commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *inspectOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("Exactly one argument expected")
+	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	img, err := parseImage(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := img.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, fmt.Sprintf("(could not close image: %v) ", err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	rawManifest, _, err := img.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if opts.config && opts.raw {
+		configBlob, err := img.ConfigBlob(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading configuration blob: %v", err)
+		}
+		_, err = stdout.Write(configBlob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing configuration blob to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	} else if opts.raw {
+		_, err := stdout.Write(rawManifest)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing manifest to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	} else if opts.config {
+		config, err := img.OCIConfig(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error reading OCI-formatted configuration data: %v", err)
+		}
+		err = json.NewEncoder(stdout).Encode(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error writing OCI-formatted configuration data to standard output: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	imgInspect, err := img.Inspect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	outputData := inspectOutput{
+		Name: "", // Set below if DockerReference() is known
+		Tag:  imgInspect.Tag,
+		// Digest is set below.
+		RepoTags:      []string{}, // Possibly overriden for docker.Transport.
+		Created:       imgInspect.Created,
+		DockerVersion: imgInspect.DockerVersion,
+		Labels:        imgInspect.Labels,
+		Architecture:  imgInspect.Architecture,
+		Os:            imgInspect.Os,
+		Layers:        imgInspect.Layers,
+	}
+	outputData.Digest, err = manifest.Digest(rawManifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error computing manifest digest: %v", err)
+	}
+	if dockerRef := img.Reference().DockerReference(); dockerRef != nil {
+		outputData.Name = dockerRef.Name()
+	}
+	if img.Reference().Transport() == docker.Transport {
+		sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		outputData.RepoTags, err = docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, sys, img.Reference())
+		if err != nil {
+			// some registries may decide to block the "list all tags" endpoint
+			// gracefully allow the inspect to continue in this case. Currently
+			// the IBM Bluemix container registry has this restriction.
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "401") {
+				return fmt.Errorf("Error determining repository tags: %v", err)
+			}
+			logrus.Warnf("Registry disallows tag list retrieval; skipping")
+		}
+	}
+	out, err := json.MarshalIndent(outputData, "", "    ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", string(out))
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/layers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/directory"
+	"github.com/containers/image/image"
+	"github.com/containers/image/pkg/blobinfocache"
+	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+type layersOptions struct {
+	global *globalOptions
+	image  *imageOptions
+}
+
+func layersCmd(global *globalOptions) cli.Command {
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(global, sharedOpts, "", "")
+	opts := layersOptions{
+		global: global,
+		image:  imageOpts,
+	}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "layers",
+		Usage:     "Get layers of IMAGE-NAME",
+		ArgsUsage: "IMAGE-NAME [LAYER...]",
+		Hidden:    true,
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Flags:     append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *layersOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) (retErr error) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, `DEPRECATED: skopeo layers is deprecated in favor of skopeo copy`)
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: layers imageReference [layer...]")
+	}
+	imageName := args[0]
+
+	if err := reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := opts.global.commandTimeoutContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	sys, err := opts.image.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cache := blobinfocache.DefaultCache(sys)
+	rawSource, err := parseImageSource(ctx, opts.image, imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	src, err := image.FromSource(ctx, sys, rawSource)
+	if err != nil {
+		if closeErr := rawSource.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := src.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	type blobDigest struct {
+		digest   digest.Digest
+		isConfig bool
+	}
+	var blobDigests []blobDigest
+	for _, dString := range args[1:] {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(dString, "sha256:") {
+			dString = "sha256:" + dString
+		}
+		d, err := digest.Parse(dString)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		blobDigests = append(blobDigests, blobDigest{digest: d, isConfig: false})
+	}
+
+	if len(blobDigests) == 0 {
+		layers := src.LayerInfos()
+		seenLayers := map[digest.Digest]struct{}{}
+		for _, info := range layers {
+			if _, ok := seenLayers[info.Digest]; !ok {
+				blobDigests = append(blobDigests, blobDigest{digest: info.Digest, isConfig: false})
+				seenLayers[info.Digest] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+		configInfo := src.ConfigInfo()
+		if configInfo.Digest != "" {
+			blobDigests = append(blobDigests, blobDigest{digest: configInfo.Digest, isConfig: true})
+		}
+	}
+
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(".", "layers-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	tmpDirRef, err := directory.NewReference(tmpDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	dest, err := tmpDirRef.NewImageDestination(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := dest.Close(); err != nil {
+			retErr = errors.Wrapf(retErr, " (close error: %v)", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for _, bd := range blobDigests {
+		r, blobSize, err := rawSource.GetBlob(ctx, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: -1}, cache)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if _, err := dest.PutBlob(ctx, r, types.BlobInfo{Digest: bd.digest, Size: blobSize}, cache, bd.isConfig); err != nil {
+			if closeErr := r.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, " (close error: %v)", closeErr)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	manifest, _, err := src.Manifest(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dest.PutManifest(ctx, manifest); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return dest.Commit(ctx)
+}

cmd/skopeo/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
+	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
+	"github.com/containers/storage/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// gitCommit will be the hash that the binary was built from
+// and will be populated by the Makefile
+var gitCommit = ""
+
+type globalOptions struct {
+	debug              bool          // Enable debug output
+	tlsVerify          optionalBool  // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	policyPath         string        // Path to a signature verification policy file
+	insecurePolicy     bool          // Use an "allow everything" signature verification policy
+	registriesDirPath  string        // Path to a "registries.d" registry configuratio directory
+	overrideArch       string        // Architecture to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	overrideOS         string        // OS to use for choosing images, instead of the runtime one
+	commandTimeout     time.Duration // Timeout for the command execution
+	registriesConfPath string        // Path to the "registries.conf" file
+}
+
+// createApp returns a cli.App, and the underlying globalOptions object, to be run or tested.
+func createApp() (*cli.App, *globalOptions) {
+	opts := globalOptions{}
+
+	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+	app.Name = "skopeo"
+	if gitCommit != "" {
+		app.Version = fmt.Sprintf("%s commit: %s", version.Version, gitCommit)
+	} else {
+		app.Version = version.Version
+	}
+	app.Usage = "Various operations with container images and container image registries"
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "debug",
+			Usage:       "enable debug output",
+			Destination: &opts.debug,
+		},
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:   "tls-verify",
+			Usage:  "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)",
+			Hidden: true,
+			Value:  newOptionalBoolValue(&opts.tlsVerify),
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "policy",
+			Usage:       "Path to a trust policy file",
+			Destination: &opts.policyPath,
+		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "insecure-policy",
+			Usage:       "run the tool without any policy check",
+			Destination: &opts.insecurePolicy,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "registries.d",
+			Usage:       "use registry configuration files in `DIR` (e.g. for container signature storage)",
+			Destination: &opts.registriesDirPath,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "override-arch",
+			Usage:       "use `ARCH` instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images",
+			Destination: &opts.overrideArch,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "override-os",
+			Usage:       "use `OS` instead of the running OS for choosing images",
+			Destination: &opts.overrideOS,
+		},
+		cli.DurationFlag{
+			Name:        "command-timeout",
+			Usage:       "timeout for the command execution",
+			Destination: &opts.commandTimeout,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "registries-conf",
+			Usage:       "path to the registries.conf file",
+			Destination: &opts.registriesConfPath,
+			Hidden:      true,
+		},
+	}
+	app.Before = opts.before
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+		copyCmd(&opts),
+		inspectCmd(&opts),
+		layersCmd(&opts),
+		deleteCmd(&opts),
+		manifestDigestCmd(),
+		standaloneSignCmd(),
+		standaloneVerifyCmd(),
+		untrustedSignatureDumpCmd(),
+	}
+	return app, &opts
+}
+
+// before is run by the cli package for any command, before running the command-specific handler.
+func (opts *globalOptions) before(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if opts.debug {
+		logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
+	}
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		logrus.Warn("'--tls-verify' is deprecated, please set this on the specific subcommand")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if reexec.Init() {
+		return
+	}
+	app, _ := createApp()
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// getPolicyContext returns a *signature.PolicyContext based on opts.
+func (opts *globalOptions) getPolicyContext() (*signature.PolicyContext, error) {
+	var policy *signature.Policy // This could be cached across calls in opts.
+	var err error
+	if opts.insecurePolicy {
+		policy = &signature.Policy{Default: []signature.PolicyRequirement{signature.NewPRInsecureAcceptAnything()}}
+	} else if opts.policyPath == "" {
+		policy, err = signature.DefaultPolicy(nil)
+	} else {
+		policy, err = signature.NewPolicyFromFile(opts.policyPath)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return signature.NewPolicyContext(policy)
+}
+
+// commandTimeoutContext returns a context.Context and a cancellation callback based on opts.
+// The caller should usually "defer cancel()" immediately after calling this.
+func (opts *globalOptions) commandTimeoutContext() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var cancel context.CancelFunc = func() {}
+	if opts.commandTimeout > 0 {
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, opts.commandTimeout)
+	}
+	return ctx, cancel
+}

cmd/skopeo/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+import "bytes"
+
+// runSkopeo creates an app object and runs it with args, with an implied first "skopeo".
+// Returns output intended for stdout and the returned error, if any.
+func runSkopeo(args ...string) (string, error) {
+	app, _ := createApp()
+	stdout := bytes.Buffer{}
+	app.Writer = &stdout
+	args = append([]string{"skopeo"}, args...)
+	err := app.Run(args)
+	return stdout.String(), err
+}

cmd/skopeo/manifest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+type manifestDigestOptions struct {
+}
+
+func manifestDigestCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := manifestDigestOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "manifest-digest",
+		Usage:     "Compute a manifest digest of a file",
+		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *manifestDigestOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo manifest-digest manifest")
+	}
+	manifestPath := args[0]
+
+	man, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading manifest from %s: %v", manifestPath, err)
+	}
+	digest, err := manifest.Digest(man)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error computing digest: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", digest)
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/manifest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestManifestDigest(t *testing.T) {
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1", "a2"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"manifest-digest"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Usage")
+	}
+
+	// Error reading manifest
+	out, err := runSkopeo("manifest-digest", "/this/doesnt/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+
+	// Error computing manifest
+	out, err = runSkopeo("manifest-digest", "fixtures/v2s1-invalid-signatures.manifest.json")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "computing digest")
+
+	// Success
+	out, err = runSkopeo("manifest-digest", "fixtures/image.manifest.json")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, fixturesTestImageManifestDigest.String()+"\n", out)
+}

cmd/skopeo/signing.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+type standaloneSignOptions struct {
+	output string // Output file path
+}
+
+func standaloneSignCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := standaloneSignOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "standalone-sign",
+		Usage:     "Create a signature using local files",
+		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:        "output, o",
+				Usage:       "output the signature to `SIGNATURE`",
+				Destination: &opts.output,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *standaloneSignOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 3 || opts.output == "" {
+		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo standalone-sign manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint -o signature")
+	}
+	manifestPath := args[0]
+	dockerReference := args[1]
+	fingerprint := args[2]
+
+	manifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading %s: %v", manifestPath, err)
+	}
+
+	mech, err := signature.NewGPGSigningMechanism()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error initializing GPG: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer mech.Close()
+	signature, err := signature.SignDockerManifest(manifest, dockerReference, mech, fingerprint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error creating signature: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(opts.output, signature, 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error writing signature to %s: %v", opts.output, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type standaloneVerifyOptions struct {
+}
+
+func standaloneVerifyCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := standaloneVerifyOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "standalone-verify",
+		Usage:     "Verify a signature using local files",
+		ArgsUsage: "MANIFEST DOCKER-REFERENCE KEY-FINGERPRINT SIGNATURE",
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *standaloneVerifyOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 4 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo standalone-verify manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature")
+	}
+	manifestPath := args[0]
+	expectedDockerReference := args[1]
+	expectedFingerprint := args[2]
+	signaturePath := args[3]
+
+	unverifiedManifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading manifest from %s: %v", manifestPath, err)
+	}
+	unverifiedSignature, err := ioutil.ReadFile(signaturePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading signature from %s: %v", signaturePath, err)
+	}
+
+	mech, err := signature.NewGPGSigningMechanism()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error initializing GPG: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer mech.Close()
+	sig, err := signature.VerifyDockerManifestSignature(unverifiedSignature, unverifiedManifest, expectedDockerReference, mech, expectedFingerprint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error verifying signature: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "Signature verified, digest %s\n", sig.DockerManifestDigest)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WARNING: Do not use the contents of this for ANY security decisions,
+// and be VERY CAREFUL about showing this information to humans in any way which suggest that these values “are probably” reliable.
+// There is NO REASON to expect the values to be correct, or not intentionally misleading
+// (including things like “✅ Verified by $authority”)
+//
+// The subcommand is undocumented, and it may be renamed or entirely disappear in the future.
+type untrustedSignatureDumpOptions struct {
+}
+
+func untrustedSignatureDumpCmd() cli.Command {
+	opts := untrustedSignatureDumpOptions{}
+	return cli.Command{
+		Name:      "untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification",
+		Usage:     "Dump contents of a signature WITHOUT VERIFYING IT",
+		ArgsUsage: "SIGNATURE",
+		Hidden:    true,
+		Action:    commandAction(opts.run),
+	}
+}
+
+func (opts *untrustedSignatureDumpOptions) run(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("Usage: skopeo untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification signature")
+	}
+	untrustedSignaturePath := args[0]
+
+	untrustedSignature, err := ioutil.ReadFile(untrustedSignaturePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error reading untrusted signature from %s: %v", untrustedSignaturePath, err)
+	}
+
+	untrustedInfo, err := signature.GetUntrustedSignatureInformationWithoutVerifying(untrustedSignature)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Error decoding untrusted signature: %v", err)
+	}
+	untrustedOut, err := json.MarshalIndent(untrustedInfo, "", "    ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(stdout, string(untrustedOut))
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/signing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+const (
+	// fixturesTestImageManifestDigest is the Docker manifest digest of "image.manifest.json"
+	fixturesTestImageManifestDigest = digest.Digest("sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55")
+	// fixturesTestKeyFingerprint is the fingerprint of the private key.
+	fixturesTestKeyFingerprint = "1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8"
+	// fixturesTestKeyFingerprint is the key ID of the private key.
+	fixturesTestKeyShortID = "DB72F2188BB46CC8"
+)
+
+// Test that results of runSkopeo failed with nothing on stdout, and substring
+// within the error message.
+func assertTestFailed(t *testing.T, stdout string, err error, substring string) {
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, stdout)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), substring)
+}
+
+func TestStandaloneSign(t *testing.T) {
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("Signing not supported: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	manifestPath := "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
+	dockerReference := "testing/manifest"
+	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", "fixtures")
+	defer os.Unsetenv("GNUPGHOME")
+
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1", "a2"},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3"},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3", "a4"},
+		{"-o", "o", "a1", "a2"},
+		{"-o", "o", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"standalone-sign"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Usage")
+	}
+
+	// Error reading manifest
+	out, err := runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", "/dev/null",
+		"/this/doesnt/exist", dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+
+	// Invalid Docker reference
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", "/dev/null",
+		manifestPath, "" /* empty reference */, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "empty signature content")
+
+	// Unknown key.
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", "/dev/null",
+		manifestPath, dockerReference, "UNKNOWN GPG FINGERPRINT")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, out)
+
+	// Error writing output
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", "/dev/full",
+		manifestPath, dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/dev/full")
+
+	// Success
+	sigOutput, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "sig")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(sigOutput.Name())
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-sign", "-o", sigOutput.Name(),
+		manifestPath, dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, out)
+
+	sig, err := ioutil.ReadFile(sigOutput.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	manifest, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mech, err = signature.NewGPGSigningMechanism()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	verified, err := signature.VerifyDockerManifestSignature(sig, manifest, dockerReference, mech, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, dockerReference, verified.DockerReference)
+	assert.Equal(t, fixturesTestImageManifestDigest, verified.DockerManifestDigest)
+}
+
+func TestStandaloneVerify(t *testing.T) {
+	manifestPath := "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
+	signaturePath := "fixtures/image.signature"
+	dockerReference := "testing/manifest"
+	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", "fixtures")
+	defer os.Unsetenv("GNUPGHOME")
+
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3"},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "a5"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"standalone-verify"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Usage")
+	}
+
+	// Error reading manifest
+	out, err := runSkopeo("standalone-verify", "/this/doesnt/exist",
+		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, signaturePath)
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+
+	// Error reading signature
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-verify", manifestPath,
+		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+
+	// Error verifying signature
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-verify", manifestPath,
+		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, "fixtures/corrupt.signature")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Error verifying signature")
+
+	// Success
+	out, err = runSkopeo("standalone-verify", manifestPath,
+		dockerReference, fixturesTestKeyFingerprint, signaturePath)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Signature verified, digest "+fixturesTestImageManifestDigest.String()+"\n", out)
+}
+
+func TestUntrustedSignatureDump(t *testing.T) {
+	// Invalid command-line arguments
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{},
+		{"a1", "a2"},
+		{"a1", "a2", "a3", "a4"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runSkopeo(append([]string{"untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification"}, args...)...)
+		assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Usage")
+	}
+
+	// Error reading manifest
+	out, err := runSkopeo("untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification",
+		"/this/doesnt/exist")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "/this/doesnt/exist")
+
+	// Error reading signature (input is not a signature)
+	out, err = runSkopeo("untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification", "fixtures/image.manifest.json")
+	assertTestFailed(t, out, err, "Error decoding untrusted signature")
+
+	// Success
+	for _, path := range []string{"fixtures/image.signature", "fixtures/corrupt.signature"} {
+		// Success
+		out, err = runSkopeo("untrusted-signature-dump-without-verification", path)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var info signature.UntrustedSignatureInformation
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &info)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, fixturesTestImageManifestDigest, info.UntrustedDockerManifestDigest)
+		assert.Equal(t, "testing/manifest", info.UntrustedDockerReference)
+		assert.NotNil(t, info.UntrustedCreatorID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "atomic ", *info.UntrustedCreatorID)
+		assert.NotNil(t, info.UntrustedTimestamp)
+		assert.True(t, time.Unix(1458239713, 0).Equal(*info.UntrustedTimestamp))
+		assert.Equal(t, fixturesTestKeyShortID, info.UntrustedShortKeyIdentifier)
+	}
+}

cmd/skopeo/unshare.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package main
+
+func maybeReexec() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(inputImageNames ...string) error {
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/unshare_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/buildah/pkg/unshare"
+	"github.com/containers/image/storage"
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/syndtr/gocapability/capability"
+)
+
+var neededCapabilities = []capability.Cap{
+	capability.CAP_CHOWN,
+	capability.CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE,
+	capability.CAP_FOWNER,
+	capability.CAP_FSETID,
+	capability.CAP_MKNOD,
+	capability.CAP_SETFCAP,
+}
+
+func maybeReexec() error {
+	// With Skopeo we need only the subset of the root capabilities necessary
+	// for pulling an image to the storage.  Do not attempt to create a namespace
+	// if we already have the capabilities we need.
+	capabilities, err := capability.NewPid(0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading the current capabilities sets")
+	}
+	for _, cap := range neededCapabilities {
+		if !capabilities.Get(capability.EFFECTIVE, cap) {
+			// We miss a capability we need, create a user namespaces
+			unshare.MaybeReexecUsingUserNamespace(true)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reexecIfNecessaryForImages(imageNames ...string) error {
+	// Check if container-storage are used before doing unshare
+	for _, imageName := range imageNames {
+		transport := alltransports.TransportFromImageName(imageName)
+		if transport != nil && transport.Name() == storage.Transport.Name() {
+			return maybeReexec()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/skopeo/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/transports/alltransports"
+	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// errorShouldDisplayUsage is a subtype of error used by command handlers to indicate that cli.ShowSubcommandHelp should be called.
+type errorShouldDisplayUsage struct {
+	error
+}
+
+// commandAction intermediates between the cli.ActionFunc interface and the real handler,
+// primarily to ensure that cli.Context is not available to the handler, which in turn
+// makes sure that the cli.String() etc. flag access functions are not used,
+// and everything is done using the *Options structures and the Destination: members of cli.Flag.
+// handler may return errorShouldDisplayUsage to cause cli.ShowSubcommandHelp to be called.
+func commandAction(handler func(args []string, stdout io.Writer) error) cli.ActionFunc {
+	return func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		err := handler(([]string)(c.Args()), c.App.Writer)
+		if _, ok := err.(errorShouldDisplayUsage); ok {
+			cli.ShowSubcommandHelp(c)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+// sharedImageOptions collects CLI flags which are image-related, but do not change across images.
+// This really should be a part of globalOptions, but that would break existing users of (skopeo copy --authfile=).
+type sharedImageOptions struct {
+	authFilePath string // Path to a */containers/auth.json
+}
+
+// imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into sharedImageOptions, and the managed sharedImageOptions structure.
+func sharedImageFlags() ([]cli.Flag, *sharedImageOptions) {
+	opts := sharedImageOptions{}
+	return []cli.Flag{
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "authfile",
+			Usage:       "path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json",
+			Destination: &opts.authFilePath,
+		},
+	}, &opts
+}
+
+// imageOptions collects CLI flags which are the same across subcommands, but may be different for each image
+// (e.g. may differ between the source and destination of a copy)
+type imageOptions struct {
+	global           *globalOptions      // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
+	shared           *sharedImageOptions // May be shared across several imageOptions instances.
+	credsOption      optionalString      // username[:password] for accessing a registry
+	dockerCertPath   string              // A directory using Docker-like *.{crt,cert,key} files for connecting to a registry or a daemon
+	tlsVerify        optionalBool        // Require HTTPS and verify certificates (for docker: and docker-daemon:)
+	sharedBlobDir    string              // A directory to use for OCI blobs, shared across repositories
+	dockerDaemonHost string              // docker-daemon: host to connect to
+	noCreds          bool                // Access the registry anonymously
+}
+
+// imageFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageOptions, and the managed imageOptions structure.
+func imageFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageOptions) {
+	opts := imageOptions{
+		global: global,
+		shared: shared,
+	}
+
+	// This is horribly ugly, but we need to support the old option forms of (skopeo copy) for compatibility.
+	// Don't add any more cases like this.
+	credsOptionExtra := ""
+	if credsOptionAlias != "" {
+		credsOptionExtra += "," + credsOptionAlias
+	}
+
+	return []cli.Flag{
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  flagPrefix + "creds" + credsOptionExtra,
+			Usage: "Use `USERNAME[:PASSWORD]` for accessing the registry",
+			Value: newOptionalStringValue(&opts.credsOption),
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "cert-dir",
+			Usage:       "use certificates at `PATH` (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry or daemon",
+			Destination: &opts.dockerCertPath,
+		},
+		cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:  flagPrefix + "tls-verify",
+			Usage: "require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to the container registry or daemon (defaults to true)",
+			Value: newOptionalBoolValue(&opts.tlsVerify),
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "shared-blob-dir",
+			Usage:       "`DIRECTORY` to use to share blobs across OCI repositories",
+			Destination: &opts.sharedBlobDir,
+		},
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "daemon-host",
+			Usage:       "use docker daemon host at `HOST` (docker-daemon: only)",
+			Destination: &opts.dockerDaemonHost,
+		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "no-creds",
+			Usage:       "Access the registry anonymously",
+			Destination: &opts.noCreds,
+		},
+	}, &opts
+}
+
+// newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
+// It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
+func (opts *imageOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
+	ctx := &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:        opts.global.registriesDirPath,
+		ArchitectureChoice:       opts.global.overrideArch,
+		OSChoice:                 opts.global.overrideOS,
+		DockerCertPath:           opts.dockerCertPath,
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:     opts.sharedBlobDir,
+		AuthFilePath:             opts.shared.authFilePath,
+		DockerDaemonHost:         opts.dockerDaemonHost,
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:     opts.dockerCertPath,
+		SystemRegistriesConfPath: opts.global.registriesConfPath,
+	}
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify = !opts.tlsVerify.value
+	}
+	// DEPRECATED: We support this for backward compatibility, but override it if a per-image flag is provided.
+	if opts.global.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.global.tlsVerify.value)
+	}
+	if opts.tlsVerify.present {
+		ctx.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify = types.NewOptionalBool(!opts.tlsVerify.value)
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.present && opts.noCreds {
+		return nil, errors.New("creds and no-creds cannot be specified at the same time")
+	}
+	if opts.credsOption.present {
+		var err error
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig, err = getDockerAuth(opts.credsOption.value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if opts.noCreds {
+		ctx.DockerAuthConfig = &types.DockerAuthConfig{}
+	}
+	return ctx, nil
+}
+
+// imageDestOptions is a superset of imageOptions specialized for iamge destinations.
+type imageDestOptions struct {
+	*imageOptions
+	osTreeTmpDir                string // A directory to use for OSTree temporary files
+	dirForceCompression         bool   // Compress layers when saving to the dir: transport
+	ociAcceptUncompressedLayers bool   // Whether to accept uncompressed layers in the oci: transport
+}
+
+// imageDestFlags prepares a collection of CLI flags writing into imageDestOptions, and the managed imageDestOptions structure.
+func imageDestFlags(global *globalOptions, shared *sharedImageOptions, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias string) ([]cli.Flag, *imageDestOptions) {
+	genericFlags, genericOptions := imageFlags(global, shared, flagPrefix, credsOptionAlias)
+	opts := imageDestOptions{imageOptions: genericOptions}
+
+	return append(genericFlags, []cli.Flag{
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "ostree-tmp-dir",
+			Usage:       "`DIRECTORY` to use for OSTree temporary files",
+			Destination: &opts.osTreeTmpDir,
+		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "compress",
+			Usage:       "Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)",
+			Destination: &opts.dirForceCompression,
+		},
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        flagPrefix + "oci-accept-uncompressed-layers",
+			Usage:       "Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)",
+			Destination: &opts.ociAcceptUncompressedLayers,
+		},
+	}...), &opts
+}
+
+// newSystemContext returns a *types.SystemContext corresponding to opts.
+// It is guaranteed to return a fresh instance, so it is safe to make additional updates to it.
+func (opts *imageDestOptions) newSystemContext() (*types.SystemContext, error) {
+	ctx, err := opts.imageOptions.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ctx.OSTreeTmpDirPath = opts.osTreeTmpDir
+	ctx.DirForceCompress = opts.dirForceCompression
+	ctx.OCIAcceptUncompressedLayers = opts.ociAcceptUncompressedLayers
+	return ctx, err
+}
+
+func parseCreds(creds string) (string, string, error) {
+	if creds == "" {
+		return "", "", errors.New("credentials can't be empty")
+	}
+	up := strings.SplitN(creds, ":", 2)
+	if len(up) == 1 {
+		return up[0], "", nil
+	}
+	if up[0] == "" {
+		return "", "", errors.New("username can't be empty")
+	}
+	return up[0], up[1], nil
+}
+
+func getDockerAuth(creds string) (*types.DockerAuthConfig, error) {
+	username, password, err := parseCreds(creds)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &types.DockerAuthConfig{
+		Username: username,
+		Password: password,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// parseImage converts image URL-like string to an initialized handler for that image.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageCloser.
+func parseImage(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (types.ImageCloser, error) {
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sys, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ref.NewImage(ctx, sys)
+}
+
+// parseImageSource converts image URL-like string to an ImageSource.
+// The caller must call .Close() on the returned ImageSource.
+func parseImageSource(ctx context.Context, opts *imageOptions, name string) (types.ImageSource, error) {
+	ref, err := alltransports.ParseImageName(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sys, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ref.NewImageSource(ctx, sys)
+}

cmd/skopeo/utils_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// fakeGlobalOptions creates globalOptions and sets it according to flags.
+// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
+func fakeGlobalOptions(t *testing.T, flags []string) *globalOptions {
+	app, opts := createApp()
+
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet(app.Name, flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range app.Flags {
+		f.Apply(flagSet)
+	}
+	err := flagSet.Parse(flags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return opts
+}
+
+// fakeImageOptions creates imageOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
+// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
+func fakeImageOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageOptions {
+	globalOpts := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
+
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("fakeImageOptions", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...) {
+		f.Apply(flagSet)
+	}
+	err := flagSet.Parse(cmdFlags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return imageOpts
+}
+
+func TestImageOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default state
+	opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{})
+	res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+
+	// Set everything to non-default values.
+	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
+		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
+		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
+		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+	}, []string{
+		"--authfile", "/srv/authfile",
+		"--dest-cert-dir", "/srv/cert-dir",
+		"--dest-shared-blob-dir", "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
+		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
+		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+	})
+	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:                 "/srv/registries.d",
+		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/authfile",
+		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
+		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
+		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
+	}, res)
+
+	// Global/per-command tlsVerify behavior
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		global, cmd          string
+		expectedDocker       types.OptionalBool
+		expectedDockerDaemon bool
+	}{
+		{"", "", types.OptionalBoolUndefined, false},
+		{"", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+		{"", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+		{"false", "", types.OptionalBoolTrue, false},
+		{"false", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+		{"false", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+		{"true", "", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+		{"true", "false", types.OptionalBoolTrue, true},
+		{"true", "true", types.OptionalBoolFalse, false},
+	} {
+		globalFlags := []string{}
+		if c.global != "" {
+			globalFlags = append(globalFlags, "--tls-verify="+c.global)
+		}
+		cmdFlags := []string{}
+		if c.cmd != "" {
+			cmdFlags = append(cmdFlags, "--dest-tls-verify="+c.cmd)
+		}
+		opts := fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", globalFlags, cmdFlags)
+		res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDocker, res.DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expectedDockerDaemon, res.DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify, "%#v", c)
+	}
+
+	// Invalid option values
+	opts = fakeImageOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
+	_, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// fakeImageDestOptions creates imageDestOptions and sets it according to globalFlags/cmdFlags.
+// NOTE: This is QUITE FAKE; none of the urfave/cli normalization and the like happens.
+func fakeImageDestOptions(t *testing.T, flagPrefix string, globalFlags []string, cmdFlags []string) *imageDestOptions {
+	globalOpts := fakeGlobalOptions(t, globalFlags)
+
+	sharedFlags, sharedOpts := sharedImageFlags()
+	imageFlags, imageOpts := imageDestFlags(globalOpts, sharedOpts, flagPrefix, "")
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("fakeImageDestOptions", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range append(sharedFlags, imageFlags...) {
+		f.Apply(flagSet)
+	}
+	err := flagSet.Parse(cmdFlags)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return imageOpts
+}
+
+func TestImageDestOptionsNewSystemContext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default state
+	opts := fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{})
+	res, err := opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+
+	// Explicitly set everything to default, except for when the default is “not present”
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{
+		"--dest-compress=false",
+	})
+	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{}, res)
+
+	// Set everything to non-default values.
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{
+		"--registries.d", "/srv/registries.d",
+		"--override-arch", "overridden-arch",
+		"--override-os", "overridden-os",
+	}, []string{
+		"--authfile", "/srv/authfile",
+		"--dest-cert-dir", "/srv/cert-dir",
+		"--dest-ostree-tmp-dir", "/srv/ostree-tmp-dir",
+		"--dest-shared-blob-dir", "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		"--dest-compress=true",
+		"--dest-daemon-host", "daemon-host.example.com",
+		"--dest-tls-verify=false",
+		"--dest-creds", "creds-user:creds-password",
+	})
+	res, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, &types.SystemContext{
+		RegistriesDirPath:                 "/srv/registries.d",
+		AuthFilePath:                      "/srv/authfile",
+		ArchitectureChoice:                "overridden-arch",
+		OSChoice:                          "overridden-os",
+		OCISharedBlobDirPath:              "/srv/shared-blob-dir",
+		DockerCertPath:                    "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerInsecureSkipTLSVerify:       types.OptionalBoolTrue,
+		DockerAuthConfig:                  &types.DockerAuthConfig{Username: "creds-user", Password: "creds-password"},
+		OSTreeTmpDirPath:                  "/srv/ostree-tmp-dir",
+		DockerDaemonCertPath:              "/srv/cert-dir",
+		DockerDaemonHost:                  "daemon-host.example.com",
+		DockerDaemonInsecureSkipTLSVerify: true,
+		DirForceCompress:                  true,
+	}, res)
+
+	// Invalid option values in imageOptions
+	opts = fakeImageDestOptions(t, "dest-", []string{}, []string{"--dest-creds", ""})
+	_, err = opts.newSystemContext()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}

completions/bash/skopeo

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+
+: ${PROG:=$(basename ${BASH_SOURCE})}
+
+_complete_() {
+    local options_with_args=$1
+    local boolean_options="$2 -h --help"
+    local transports=$3
+
+    local option_with_args
+    for option_with_args in $options_with_args $transports
+    do
+        if [ "$option_with_args" == "$prev" -o "$option_with_args" == "$cur" ]
+        then
+            return
+        fi
+    done
+
+    case "$cur" in
+        -*)
+            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
+            ;;
+        *)
+            if [ -n "$transports" ]
+            then
+                compopt -o nospace
+                COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$transports" -- "$cur" ) )
+            fi
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+_skopeo_supported_transports() {
+    local subcommand=$1
+
+    ${PROG} $subcommand --help | grep "Supported transports" -A 1 | tail -n 1 | sed -e 's/,/:/g' -e 's/$/:/'
+}
+
+_skopeo_copy() {
+    local options_with_args="
+    --authfile
+    --format -f
+    --sign-by
+    --src-creds --screds
+    --src-cert-dir
+    --src-tls-verify
+    --dest-creds --dcreds
+    --dest-cert-dir
+    --dest-ostree-tmp-dir
+    --dest-tls-verify
+    --src-daemon-host
+    --dest-daemon-host
+    "
+
+    local boolean_options="
+    --dest-compress
+    --remove-signatures
+    --src-no-creds
+    --dest-no-creds
+    --dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers
+    "
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
+}
+
+_skopeo_inspect() {
+     local options_with_args="
+     --authfile
+     --creds
+     --cert-dir
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+     --config
+     --raw
+     --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
+    "
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
+}
+
+_skopeo_standalone_sign() {
+     local options_with_args="
+       -o --output
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+     "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
+_skopeo_standalone_verify() {
+     local options_with_args="
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+     "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
+_skopeo_manifest_digest() {
+     local options_with_args="
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+     "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
+_skopeo_delete() {
+     local options_with_args="
+     --authfile
+     --creds
+     --cert-dir
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+     --tls-verify
+     --no-creds
+     "
+
+    local transports="
+    $(_skopeo_supported_transports $(echo $FUNCNAME | sed 's/_skopeo_//'))
+    "
+
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options" "$transports"
+}
+
+_skopeo_layers() {
+     local options_with_args="
+       --creds
+       --cert-dir
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+       --tls-verify
+     "
+    _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
+}
+
+_skopeo_skopeo() {
+     local options_with_args="
+       --policy
+       --registries.d
+       --override-arch
+       --override-os
+       --command-timeout
+     "
+     local boolean_options="
+       --insecure-policy
+       --debug
+       --version -v
+       --help -h
+     "
+     commands=$( ${COMP_WORDS[@]:0:$COMP_CWORD} --generate-bash-completion )
+
+     case "$prev" in
+         $main_options_with_args_glob )
+             return
+             ;;
+     esac
+
+     case "$cur" in
+         -*)
+             COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur" ) )
+             ;;
+         *)
+             COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${commands[*]} help" -- "$cur" ) )
+             ;;
+     esac
+}
+
+_cli_bash_autocomplete() {
+     local cur opts base
+
+     COMPREPLY=()
+     cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+     COMPREPLY=()
+     local cur prev words cword
+
+     _get_comp_words_by_ref -n : cur prev words cword
+
+     local command=${PROG} cpos=0
+     local counter=1
+     counter=1
+     while [ $counter -lt $cword ]; do
+         case "${words[$counter]}" in
+             -*)
+                ;;
+             *)
+                 command=$(echo "${words[$counter]}" | sed 's/-/_/g')
+                 cpos=$counter
+                 (( cpos++ ))
+                 break
+                 ;;
+         esac
+         (( counter++ ))
+     done
+
+     local completions_func=_skopeo_${command}
+     declare -F $completions_func >/dev/null && $completions_func
+
+     eval "$previous_extglob_setting"
+     return 0
+}
+
+ complete -F _cli_bash_autocomplete $PROG

contrib/containers-storage.conf.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+% storage.conf(5) Container Storage Configuration File
+% Dan Walsh
+% May 2017
+
+# NAME
+storage.conf - Syntax of Container Storage configuration file
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+The STORAGE configuration file specifies all of the available container storage options
+for tools using shared container storage.
+
+# FORMAT
+The [TOML format][toml] is used as the encoding of the configuration file.
+Every option and subtable listed here is nested under a global "storage" table.
+No bare options are used. The format of TOML can be simplified to:
+
+    [table]
+    option = value
+
+    [table.subtable1]
+    option = value
+
+    [table.subtable2]
+    option = value
+
+## STORAGE TABLE
+
+The `storage` table supports the following options:
+
+**graphroot**=""
+  container storage graph dir (default: "/var/lib/containers/storage")
+  Default directory to store all writable content created by container storage programs.
+
+**runroot**=""
+  container storage run dir (default: "/var/run/containers/storage")
+  Default directory to store all temporary writable content created by container storage programs.
+
+**driver**=""
+  container storage driver (default is "overlay")
+  Default Copy On Write (COW) container storage driver.
+
+### STORAGE OPTIONS TABLE
+
+The `storage.options` table supports the following options:
+
+**additionalimagestores**=[]
+  Paths to additional container image stores. Usually these are read-only and stored on remote network shares.
+
+**size**=""
+  Maximum size of a container image.  Default is 10GB.  This flag can be used to set quota
+  on the size of container images.
+
+**override_kernel_check**=""
+  Tell storage drivers to ignore kernel version checks.  Some storage drivers assume that if a kernel is too
+  old, the driver is not supported.  But for kernels that have had the drivers backported, this flag
+  allows users to override the checks.
+
+# HISTORY
+May 2017, Originally compiled by Dan Walsh <dwalsh@redhat.com>
+Format copied from crio.conf man page created by Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>

contrib/storage.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# storage.conf is the configuration file for all tools
+# that share the containers/storage libraries
+# See man 5 containers-storage.conf for more information
+
+# The "container storage" table contains all of the server options.
+[storage]
+
+# Default Storage Driver
+driver = "overlay"
+
+# Temporary storage location
+runroot = "/var/run/containers/storage"
+
+# Primary read-write location of container storage
+graphroot = "/var/lib/containers/storage"
+
+[storage.options]
+# AdditionalImageStores is used to pass paths to additional read-only image stores
+# Must be comma separated list.
+additionalimagestores = [
+]
+
+# Size is used to set a maximum size of the container image.  Only supported by
+# certain container storage drivers (currently overlay, zfs, vfs, btrfs)
+size = ""
+
+# OverrideKernelCheck tells the driver to ignore kernel checks based on kernel version
+override_kernel_check = "true"

default-policy.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+    "default": [
+        {
+            "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
+        }
+    ],
+    "transports":
+        {
+            "docker-daemon":
+                {
+                    "": [{"type":"insecureAcceptAnything"}]
+                }
+        }
+}

default.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This is a default registries.d configuration file.  You may
+# add to this file or create additional files in registries.d/.
+#
+# sigstore: indicates a location that is read and write
+# sigstore-staging: indicates a location that is only for write
+#
+# sigstore and sigstore-staging take a value of the following:
+#   sigstore:  {schema}://location
+#
+# For reading signatures, schema may be http, https, or file.
+# For writing signatures, schema may only be file.
+
+# This is the default signature write location for docker registries.
+default-docker:
+#  sigstore: file:///var/lib/atomic/sigstore
+  sigstore-staging: file:///var/lib/atomic/sigstore
+
+# The 'docker' indicator here is the start of the configuration
+# for docker registries.
+#
+# docker:
+#
+#   privateregistry.com:
+#    sigstore: http://privateregistry.com/sigstore/
+#    sigstore-staging: /mnt/nfs/privateregistry/sigstore
+

docs/skopeo-copy.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+% skopeo-copy(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-copy - Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo copy** [**--sign-by=**_key-ID_] _source-image destination-image_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.
+
+Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by the policy.
+
+  _source-image_ use the "image name" format described above
+
+  _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+**--format, -f** _manifest-type_ Manifest type (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use when saving image to directory using the 'dir:' transport (default is manifest type of source)
+
+**--quiet, -q** suppress output information when copying images
+
+**--remove-signatures** do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.
+
+**--sign-by=**_key-id_ add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_
+
+**--src-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the source registry
+
+**--dest-compress** _bool-value_ Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source)
+
+**--dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers** _bool-value_ Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed)
+
+**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the destination registry
+
+**--src-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon
+
+**--src-no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+
+**--dest-cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon
+
+**--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_  Access the registry anonymously.
+
+**--dest-ostree-tmp-dir** _path_ Directory to use for OSTree temporary files.
+
+**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon (defaults to true)
+
+**--src-daemon-host** _host_ Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+**--dest-daemon-host** _host_ Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).
+
+Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
+```sh
+$ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
+$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:/var/lib/images/busybox
+$ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
+  /tmp/busybox/2b8fd9751c4c0f5dd266fcae00707e67a2545ef34f9a29354585f93dac906749.tar
+  /tmp/busybox/manifest.json
+  /tmp/busybox/8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
+```
+
+To copy and sign an image:
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com atomic:example/busybox:streaming atomic:example/busybox:gold
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-delete.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+% skopeo-delete(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-delete - Mark _image-name_ for deletion.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo delete** _image-name_
+
+Mark _image-name_ for deletion.  To release the allocated disk space, you must login to the container registry server and execute the container registry garbage collector. E.g.,
+
+```
+/usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+
+Note: sometimes the config.yml is stored in /etc/docker/registry/config.yml
+
+If you are running the container registry inside of a container you would execute something like:
+
+$ docker exec -it registry /usr/bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/docker-distribution/registry/config.yml
+
+```
+
+**--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+**--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+
+**--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry
+
+**--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+
+**--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+Additionally, the registry must allow deletions by setting `REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true` for the registry daemon.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+Mark image example/pause for deletion from the registry.example.com registry:
+```sh
+$ skopeo delete --force docker://registry.example.com/example/pause:latest
+```
+See above for additional details on using the command **delete**.
+
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-inspect.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+% skopeo-inspect(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-inspect - Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo inspect** [**--raw**] [**--config**] _image-name_
+
+Return low-level information about _image-name_ in a registry
+
+  **--raw** output raw manifest, default is to format in JSON
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve information about
+
+  **--config** output configuration in OCI format, default is to format in JSON
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+
+  **--config** **--raw** output configuration in raw format
+
+  _image-name_ name of image to retrieve configuration for
+
+  **--authfile** _path_
+
+  Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG\_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `podman login`.
+  If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.
+
+  **--creds** _username[:password]_ for accessing the registry
+
+  **--cert-dir** _path_ Use certificates at _path_ (\*.crt, \*.cert, \*.key) to connect to the registry
+
+  **--tls-verify** _bool-value_ Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true)
+
+  **--no-creds** _bool-value_ Access the registry anonymously.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+To review information for the image fedora from the docker.io registry:
+```sh
+$ skopeo inspect docker://docker.io/fedora
+{
+    "Name": "docker.io/library/fedora",
+    "Digest": "sha256:a97914edb6ba15deb5c5acf87bd6bd5b6b0408c96f48a5cbd450b5b04509bb7d",
+    "RepoTags": [
+        "20",
+        "21",
+        "22",
+        "23",
+        "24",
+        "heisenbug",
+        "latest",
+        "rawhide"
+    ],
+    "Created": "2016-06-20T19:33:43.220526898Z",
+    "DockerVersion": "1.10.3",
+    "Labels": {},
+    "Architecture": "amd64",
+    "Os": "linux",
+    "Layers": [
+        "sha256:7c91a140e7a1025c3bc3aace4c80c0d9933ac4ee24b8630a6b0b5d8b9ce6b9d4"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+# SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% skopeo-manifest-digest(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-manifest\-digest -Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo manifest-digest** _manifest-file_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Compute a manifest digest of _manifest-file_ and write it to standard output.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo manifest-digest manifest.json
+sha256:a59906e33509d14c036c8678d687bd4eec81ed7c4b8ce907b888c607f6a1e0e6
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+% skopeo-standalone-sign(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-standalone-sign - Simple Sign an image
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo standalone-sign** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint_ **--output**|**-o** _signature_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+This is primarily a debugging tool, or useful for special cases,
+and usually should not be a part of your normal operational workflow; use `skopeo copy --sign-by` instead to publish and sign an image in one step.
+
+  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
+
+  _docker-reference_ A docker reference to identify the image with
+
+  _key-fingerprint_ Key identity to use for signing
+
+  **--output**|**-o** output file
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo standalone-sign busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8 --output busybox.signature
+$
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1), skopeo-copy(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% skopeo-standalone-verify(1)
+
+## NAME
+skopeo\-standalone\-verify - Verify an image signature
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo standalone-verify** _manifest docker-reference key-fingerprint signature_
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+
+Verify a signature using local files, digest will be printed on success.
+
+  _manifest_ Path to a file containing the image manifest
+
+  _docker-reference_ A docker reference expected to identify the image in the signature
+
+  _key-fingerprint_ Expected identity of the signing key
+
+  _signature_ Path to signature file
+
+**Note:** If you do use this, make sure that the image can not be changed at the source location between the times of its verification and use.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+```sh
+$ skopeo standalone-verify busybox-manifest.json registry.example.com/example/busybox 1D8230F6CDB6A06716E414C1DB72F2188BB46CC8  busybox.signature
+Signature verified, digest sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+skopeo(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
+

docs/skopeo.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+% SKOPEO(1) Skopeo Man Pages
+% Jhon Honce
+% August 2016
+## NAME
+skopeo -- Command line utility used to interact with local and remote container images and container image registries
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**skopeo** [_global options_] _command_ [_command options_]
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+`skopeo` is a command line utility providing various operations with container images and container image registries.
+
+`skopeo` can copy container images between various containers image stores, converting them as necessary.  For example you can use `skopeo` to copy container images from one container registry to another.
+
+`skopeo` can convert a Docker schema 2 or schema 1 container image to an OCI image.
+
+`skopeo` can inspect a repository on a container registry without needlessly pulling the image. Pulling an image from a repository, especially a remote repository, is an expensive network and storage operation. Skopeo fetches the repository's manifest and displays a `docker inspect`-like json output about the repository or a tag. `skopeo`, in contrast to `docker inspect`, helps you gather useful information about a repository or a tag without requiring you to run `docker pull` - e.g. - Which tags are available for the given repository? Which labels does the image have?
+
+`skopeo` can sign and verify container images.
+
+`skopeo` can delete container images from a remote container registry.
+
+Note: `skopeo` does not require any container runtimes to be running, to do most of
+its functionality.  It also does not require root, unless you are copying images into a container runtime storage backend, like the docker daemon or github.com/containers/storage.
+
+## IMAGE NAMES
+Most commands refer to container images, using a _transport_`:`_details_ format. The following formats are supported:
+
+  **containers-storage:**_docker-reference_
+  An image located in a local containers/storage image store.  Location and image store specified in /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+  **dir:**_path_
+  An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.
+
+  **docker://**_docker-reference_
+  An image in a registry implementing the "Docker Registry HTTP API V2". By default, uses the authorization state in either `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json`, which is set using `(podman login)`. If the authorization state is not found there, `$HOME/.docker/config.json` is checked, which is set using `(docker login)`.
+
+  **docker-archive:**_path_[**:**_docker-reference_]
+  An image is stored in the `docker save` formatted file.  _docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a file, and it must not contain a digest.
+
+  **docker-daemon:**_docker-reference_
+  An image _docker-reference_ stored in the docker daemon internal storage.  _docker-reference_ must contain either a tag or a digest.  Alternatively, when reading images, the format can be docker-daemon:algo:digest (an image ID).
+
+  **oci:**_path_**:**_tag_
+  An image _tag_ in a directory compliant with "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at _path_.
+
+  **ostree:**_image_[**@**_/absolute/repo/path_]
+  An image in local OSTree repository.  _/absolute/repo/path_ defaults to _/ostree/repo_.
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+  **--debug** enable debug output
+
+  **--policy** _path-to-policy_ Path to a policy.json file to use for verifying signatures and deciding whether an image is trusted, overriding the default trust policy file.
+
+  **--insecure-policy** Adopt an insecure, permissive policy that allows anything. This obviates the need for a policy file.
+
+  **--registries.d** _dir_ use registry configuration files in _dir_ (e.g. for container signature storage), overriding the default path.
+
+  **--override-arch** _arch_ Use _arch_ instead of the architecture of the machine for choosing images.
+
+  **--override-os** _OS_ Use _OS_ instead of the running OS for choosing images.
+
+  **--command-timeout** _duration_ Timeout for the command execution.
+
+  **--help**|**-h** Show help
+
+  **--version**|**-v** print the version number
+
+## COMMANDS
+
+| Command                                   | Description                                                                    |
+| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| [skopeo-copy(1)](skopeo-copy.1.md)        | Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another. |
+| [skopeo-delete(1)](skopeo-delete.1.md)    | Mark image-name for deletion.                                                  |
+| [skopeo-inspect(1)](skopeo-inspect.1.md)  | Return low-level information about image-name in a registry.                   |
+| [skopeo-manifest-digest(1)](skopeo-manifest-digest.1.md)    | Compute a manifest digest of manifest-file and write it to standard output.|
+| [skopeo-standalone-sign(1)](skopeo-standalone-sign.1.md)    | Sign an image.                                               |
+| [skopeo-standalone-verify(1)](skopeo-standalone-verify.1.md)| Verify an image.                                             |
+
+## FILES
+  **/etc/containers/policy.json**
+  Default trust policy file, if **--policy** is not specified.
+  The policy format is documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
+
+  **/etc/containers/registries.d**
+  Default directory containing registry configuration, if **--registries.d** is not specified.
+  The contents of this directory are documented in https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/containers-policy.json.5.md .
+
+## SEE ALSO
+podman-login(1), docker-login(1)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>

docs/skopeo.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
+
+<svg
+   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
+   xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+   xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+   xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+   xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+   xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
+   xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
+   width="480.61456"
+   height="472.66098"
+   viewBox="0 0 127.1626 125.05822"
+   version="1.1"
+   id="svg8"
+   inkscape:version="0.92.2 5c3e80d, 2017-08-06"
+   sodipodi:docname="skopeo.svg"
+   inkscape:export-filename="/home/duffy/Documents/Projects/Favors/skopeo-logo/skopeo.color.png"
+   inkscape:export-xdpi="90"
+   inkscape:export-ydpi="90">
+  <defs
+     id="defs2">
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84477">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#0093d9;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84473" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#ffffff;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84475" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84469">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#f6e6c8;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84465" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#dc9f2e;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84467" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84461">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#bfdce8;stop-opacity:1;"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84457" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#2a72ac;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84459" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84420">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#a7a9ac;stop-opacity:1;"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84416" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#e7e8e9;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84418" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84347">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#2c2d2f;stop-opacity:1;"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84343" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#000000;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84345" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84339">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#002442;stop-opacity:1;"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84335" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#151617;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84337" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84331">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#003d6e;stop-opacity:1;"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84327" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#59b5ff;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84329" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       id="linearGradient84323">
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#dc9f2e;stop-opacity:1;"
+         offset="0"
+         id="stop84319" />
+      <stop
+         style="stop-color:#ffffff;stop-opacity:1"
+         offset="1"
+         id="stop84321" />
+    </linearGradient>
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84323"
+       id="linearGradient84325"
+       x1="221.5741"
+       y1="250.235"
+       x2="219.20772"
+       y2="221.99771"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84331"
+       id="linearGradient84333"
+       x1="223.23239"
+       y1="212.83418"
+       x2="245.52328"
+       y2="129.64345"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84339"
+       id="linearGradient84341"
+       x1="190.36137"
+       y1="217.8925"
+       x2="205.20828"
+       y2="209.32063"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84347"
+       id="linearGradient84349"
+       x1="212.05453"
+       y1="215.20055"
+       x2="237.73705"
+       y2="230.02835"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84323"
+       id="linearGradient84363"
+       x1="193.61516"
+       y1="225.045"
+       x2="224.08698"
+       y2="223.54327"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84323"
+       id="linearGradient84377"
+       x1="182.72513"
+       y1="222.54439"
+       x2="184.01024"
+       y2="210.35291"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84420"
+       id="linearGradient84408"
+       x1="211.73801"
+       y1="225.48302"
+       x2="204.24324"
+       y2="238.46432"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84420"
+       id="linearGradient84422"
+       x1="190.931"
+       y1="221.83777"
+       x2="187.53873"
+       y2="229.26593"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84339"
+       id="linearGradient84425"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       x1="190.36137"
+       y1="217.8925"
+       x2="205.20828"
+       y2="209.32063"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84420"
+       id="linearGradient84441"
+       x1="169.95944"
+       y1="215.77036"
+       x2="174.0289"
+       y2="207.81528"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84420"
+       id="linearGradient84455"
+       x1="234.08092"
+       y1="252.39755"
+       x2="245.88477"
+       y2="251.21777"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+    <radialGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84461"
+       id="radialGradient84463"
+       cx="213.19594"
+       cy="223.40646"
+       fx="214.12064"
+       fy="217.34077"
+       r="33.39888"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="matrix(2.6813748,0.05304973,-0.0423372,2.1399146,-349.74924,-255.6421)" />
+    <radialGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84469"
+       id="radialGradient84471"
+       cx="207.18298"
+       cy="211.06483"
+       fx="207.18298"
+       fy="211.06483"
+       r="2.77954"
+       gradientTransform="matrix(1.4407627,0.18685239,-0.24637721,1.8997405,-38.989952,-218.98841)"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" />
+    <linearGradient
+       inkscape:collect="always"
+       xlink:href="#linearGradient84477"
+       id="linearGradient84479"
+       x1="241.60336"
+       y1="255.46982"
+       x2="244.45177"
+       y2="250.4846"
+       gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
+       gradientTransform="translate(0,10.583333)" />
+  </defs>
+  <sodipodi:namedview
+     id="base"
+     pagecolor="#ffffff"
+     bordercolor="#666666"
+     borderopacity="1.0"
+     inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
+     inkscape:pageshadow="2"
+     inkscape:zoom="1"
+     inkscape:cx="517.27113"
+     inkscape:cy="314.79773"
+     inkscape:document-units="mm"
+     inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
+     inkscape:document-rotation="0"
+     showgrid="false"
+     units="px"
+     inkscape:snap-global="false"
+     inkscape:window-width="2560"
+     inkscape:window-height="1376"
+     inkscape:window-x="0"
+     inkscape:window-y="27"
+     inkscape:window-maximized="1"
+     fit-margin-top="0"
+     fit-margin-left="0"
+     fit-margin-right="0"
+     fit-margin-bottom="0" />
+  <metadata
+     id="metadata5">
+    <rdf:RDF>
+      <cc:Work
+         rdf:about="">
+        <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
+        <dc:type
+           rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
+        <dc:title />
+      </cc:Work>
+    </rdf:RDF>
+  </metadata>
+  <g
+     inkscape:label="Layer 1"
+     inkscape:groupmode="layer"
+     id="layer1"
+     transform="translate(-149.15784,-175.92614)">
+    <g
+       id="g84497"
+       style="stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none"
+       transform="translate(0,10.583333)">
+      <rect
+         style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+         id="rect84485"
+         width="31.605196"
+         height="19.16976"
+         x="299.48376"
+         y="87.963303"
+         transform="rotate(30)" />
+      <rect
+         style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+         id="rect84487"
+         width="16.725054"
+         height="9.8947001"
+         x="258.07639"
+         y="92.60083"
+         transform="rotate(30)" />
+      <rect
+         style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+         id="rect84489"
+         width="4.8383565"
+         height="11.503917"
+         x="253.2236"
+         y="91.796227"
+         transform="rotate(30)" />
+      <rect
+         y="86.859642"
+         x="331.21924"
+         height="21.377089"
+         width="4.521956"
+         id="rect84491"
+         style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+         transform="rotate(30)" />
+    </g>
+    <path
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 246.61693,255.0795 -9.11198,15.78242 a 2.6351497,9.1643514 30 0 0 6.60453,-6.7032 2.6351497,9.1643514 30 0 0 2.50745,-9.07922 z"
+       id="path84483"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccc"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       id="path84481"
+       d="m 202.36709,199.05917 26.65552,8.43269 21.69622,19.51455 -8.68507,12.39398 -46.04559,-26.61429 z"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952" />
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.32291663;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       id="path84224"
+       cx="213.64427"
+       cy="234.18927"
+       r="35.482784" />
+    <circle
+       r="33.39888"
+       cy="234.18927"
+       cx="213.64427"
+       id="circle84226"
+       style="fill:url(#radialGradient84463);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.52916664;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952" />
+    <rect
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       id="rect84114"
+       width="31.605196"
+       height="19.16976"
+       x="304.77545"
+       y="97.128738"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <rect
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       id="rect84116"
+       width="4.521956"
+       height="21.377089"
+       x="300.27435"
+       y="96.025078"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <rect
+       y="99.087395"
+       x="283.71848"
+       height="15.252436"
+       width="16.459545"
+       id="rect84118"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <rect
+       y="98.190086"
+       x="280.00021"
+       height="17.047071"
+       width="3.617183"
+       id="rect84120"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <rect
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       id="rect84122"
+       width="16.725054"
+       height="9.8947001"
+       x="263.36807"
+       y="101.76627"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <rect
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       id="rect84124"
+       width="4.8383565"
+       height="11.503917"
+       x="258.51526"
+       y="100.96166"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <rect
+       y="96.025078"
+       x="336.51093"
+       height="21.377089"
+       width="4.521956"
+       id="rect84126"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       transform="rotate(30)" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84325);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 207.24023,252.71811 25.53907,14.74414 8.52539,-14.76953 -25.53711,-14.74415 z"
+       id="rect84313"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       id="path84128"
+       d="m 215.3335,241.36799 22.49734,12.98884"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.52916664;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1" />
+    <path
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       id="path84130"
+       d="m 246.61693,255.0795 -9.11198,15.78242 a 2.6351497,9.1643514 30 0 0 6.60453,-6.7032 2.6351497,9.1643514 30 0 0 2.50745,-9.07922 z"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 195.97877,212.80238 46.0456,26.61429 -3.50256,6.07342 -46.0456,-26.61429 z"
+       id="path84134"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="ccccc" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 202.36709,199.05917 26.65552,8.43269 21.69622,19.51455 -8.68507,12.39398 -46.04559,-26.61429 z"
+       id="path84136"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccc" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84422);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 186.31445,239.41146 1.30078,0.75 7.46485,-12.92968 -1.30078,-0.75 z"
+       id="rect84410"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84349);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 193.92188,218.48568 44.21289,25.55469 2.44335,-4.23242 -44.21289,-25.55664 z"
+       id="path84284"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84363);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 189.98438,240.4935 12.42187,7.16992 6.56641,-11.375 -12.42188,-7.16992 z"
+       id="rect84351"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84377);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 173.69727,227.99936 12.65234,7.30273 3.88867,-6.73633 -12.65234,-7.30273 z"
+       id="rect84365"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="ccccc"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       id="path84138"
+       d="m 192.47621,218.8758 -11.1013,8.29627 c 0,0 6.16202,4.57403 15.2798,4.67656 9.1178,0.1025 11.46925,-3.93799 11.46925,-3.93799 z"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1" />
+    <ellipse
+       cy="223.01579"
+       cx="207.08998"
+       id="circle84140"
+       style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       rx="3.8395541"
+       ry="3.8438656" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84333);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 197.35938,212.35287 44.36523,25.64453 7.58984,-10.83203 -20.82617,-18.73242 -25.55078,-8.08399 z"
+       id="path84272"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       id="path84142"
+       d="m 200.6837,212.37603 11.49279,-6.98413 -8.11935,-2.73742"
+       style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.5291667;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1" />
+    <path
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       id="path84144"
+       d="m 241.31895,235.3047 -8.04514,-4.75769 10.057,-4.72299"
+       style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.5291667;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="ccc" />
+    <path
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="ccc"
+       style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#2a72ac;stroke-width:0.52899998;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+       d="m 241.06868,235.79543 -8.9307,-5.38071 10.81942,-5.07707"
+       id="path84280"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#2a72ac;stroke-width:0.5291667;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+       d="m 200.60886,211.70589 10.37702,-6.1817 -7.12581,-2.30459"
+       id="path84290"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="ccc" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#radialGradient84471);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 206.89258,220.23959 -0.29297,0.0352 -0.23633,0.0527 -0.26953,0.0898 -0.2793,0.125 -0.23437,0.13477 -0.20508,0.14648 -0.2207,0.19532 -0.18946,0.20117 -0.006,0.008 0.004,-0.008 -0.006,0.01 -0.008,0.01 -0.004,0.004 -0.006,0.006 -0.12109,0.1582 -0.002,0.004 -0.002,0.002 -0.16406,0.26758 -0.12109,0.24804 -0.0996,0.28125 -0.0645,0.24219 -0.0371,0.26367 -0.0176,0.31641 0.008,0.18164 0.0332,0.28711 0.0527,0.23437 0.004,0.0117 0.0937,0.28516 0.11133,0.24805 0.13086,0.23046 0.16992,0.23829 0.1836,0.20898 0.21093,0.19727 0.19532,0.14843 0.25586,0.15625 0.24218,0.11719 0.26172,0.0977 0.27344,0.0684 0.27344,0.043 0.29297,0.0137 0.18164,-0.008 0.29687,-0.0351 0.24024,-0.0547 0.27539,-0.0898 0.24218,-0.10938 0.25,-0.14453 0.23047,-0.16406 0.20899,-0.1836 0.20508,-0.21875 0.125,-0.16406 0.004,-0.006 0.1582,-0.25781 0.004,-0.008 0.12695,-0.26172 0.0996,-0.27344 0.002,-0.006 0.0586,-0.24023 0.0391,-0.26563 0.0176,-0.3125 -0.008,-0.17968 -0.0332,-0.28711 -0.0527,-0.23438 -0.004,-0.0117 -0.0937,-0.28515 -0.11132,-0.24805 -0.13086,-0.23047 -0.16993,-0.23828 -0.18554,-0.20899 -0.19922,-0.18945 -0.21875,-0.16406 -0.23828,-0.14844 -0.26563,-0.12695 -0.01,-0.004 -0.21875,-0.0801 -0.28516,-0.0723 -0.27344,-0.043 -0.29492,-0.0137 z"
+       id="ellipse84292"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84425);fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+       d="m 183.23633,227.10092 c 5.59753,3.20336 12.36881,4.51528 18.71366,3.17108 1.59516,-0.38 3.17489,-0.99021 4.44874,-2.04739 -0.73893,-0.64617 -1.68301,-0.99544 -2.49844,-1.53493 -3.78032,-2.18293 -7.56064,-4.36587 -11.34096,-6.5488 -3.10767,2.32001 -6.21533,4.64003 -9.323,6.96004 z"
+       id="path84298"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccc" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84479);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79375005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 238.62695,269.97787 0.006,-0.002 0.39453,-0.27735 0.41797,-0.34179 0.002,-0.002 0.45703,-0.42382 0.47851,-0.49219 0.0156,-0.0176 0.47656,-0.53711 0.002,-0.002 0.0117,-0.0137 0.48438,-0.5918 0.0117,-0.0156 0.49023,-0.64257 0.01,-0.0137 0.49609,-0.69726 0.48047,-0.71875 0.01,-0.0137 0.46485,-0.74805 0.004,-0.008 0.002,-0.002 0.30468,-0.51562 0.008,-0.0117 0.4375,-0.78711 0.40625,-0.77734 0.008,-0.0137 0.37109,-0.77149 0.008,-0.0156 0.33789,-0.75977 0.006,-0.0156 0.30078,-0.73829 0.27148,-0.74609 0.21289,-0.66602 0.17969,-0.66796 v -0.002 l 0.12305,-0.58203 0.002,-0.0137 0.0723,-0.51562 0.0176,-0.31836 z"
+       id="path84379"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84408);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 202.78906,251.42318 2.08399,1.20118 9.6289,-16.67969 -2.08203,-1.20117 z"
+       id="rect84396"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84441);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 169.0918,226.26889 2.35937,1.36133 4.69336,-8.13086 -2.35937,-1.36133 z"
+       id="rect84429"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:url(#linearGradient84455);fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.79374999;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:5.99999952"
+       d="m 234.17188,269.53842 2.08203,1.20312 9.63086,-16.67773 -2.08399,-1.20313 z"
+       id="rect84443"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+    <path
+       style="fill:#ffffff;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#f8ead2;stroke-width:0.52916664;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
+       d="m 215.55025,240.82707 22.49734,12.98884"
+       id="path84521"
+       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
+  </g>
+</svg>

go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+module github.com/containers/skopeo
+
+go 1.12
+
+require (
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.12 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.6 // indirect
+	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20180216233310-d8fb8589b0e8 // indirect
+	github.com/containers/buildah v1.8.4
+	github.com/containers/image v3.0.0+incompatible
+	github.com/containers/storage v1.12.10
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/distribution v0.0.0-20170817175659-5f6282db7d65 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker v0.0.0-20180522102801-da99009bbb11
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.0.0-20180212134524-7beb39f0b969 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.0.0-20161020213227-8a7beacffa30 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/libtrust v0.0.0-20160708172513-aabc10ec26b7 // indirect
+	github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ghodss/yaml v0.0.0-20150909031657-73d445a93680 // indirect
+	github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v0.0.0-20170815085658-fcdc5011193f // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/context v0.0.0-20140604161150-14f550f51af5 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v0.0.0-20140926153814-e444e69cbd2e // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.0.0-20141206190957-6633656539c1 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs v0.0.0-20160425201758-22c9b32c84eb // indirect
+	github.com/mtrmac/gpgme v0.0.0-20170102180018-b2432428689c // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v0.0.0-20180430190053-c9281466c8b2
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v0.0.0-20180918080442-7b1e489870ac
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v0.0.0-20170926011501-6d941547fa1d
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v0.0.0-20190118194635-b707dfcb00a1 // indirect
+	github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go v0.0.0-20181204105935-56f3a639dbc0 // indirect
+	github.com/pborman/uuid v0.0.0-20160209185913-a97ce2ca70fa // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v0.0.0-20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
+	github.com/pquerna/ffjson v0.0.0-20171002144729-d49c2bc1aa13 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.1.3
+	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2
+	github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0
+	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2 // indirect
+	github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.4.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go4.org v0.0.0-20190218023631-ce4c26f7be8e // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190219172222-a4c6cb3142f2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190107210223-45ffb0cd1ba0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20170817234608-43e60d72a8e2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20181227161524-e6919f6577db // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20141029210843-d466437aa4ad // indirect
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.0.0-20181219152756-3dd551c0f083 // indirect
+)

go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.12 h1:xAfWHN1IrQ0NJ9TBC0KBZoqLjzDTr1ML+4MywiUOryc=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.12/go.mod h1:VhR8bwka0BXejwEJY73c50VrPtXAaKcyvVC4A4RozmA=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.6 h1:ZfF0+zZeYdzMIVMZHKtDKJvLHj76XCuVae/jNkjj0IA=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.6/go.mod h1:Op3hHsoHPAvb6lceZHDtd9OkTew38wNoXnJs8iY7rUg=
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1 h1:MnEK4VOv6n0RSY4vtRe3h11qjxL3+t0B8yOL8iMXdcM=
+github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1/go.mod h1:2Tkkvm3sRDVXaiyucHiACn4cqf7DpdyLvmxzcbUokwA=
+github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20180216233310-d8fb8589b0e8 h1:ZZOFPzvZO3N0f4LIQvZi68F2XDAMl/gqBfFMVjY6B3Y=
+github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20180216233310-d8fb8589b0e8/go.mod h1:GL3xCUCBDV3CZiTSEKksMWbLE66hEyuu9qyDOOqM47Y=
+github.com/containers/buildah v1.8.4 h1:06c+UNeEWMa2wA1Z7muZ0ZqUzE91sDuZJbB0BiZaeYQ=
+github.com/containers/buildah v1.8.4/go.mod h1:1CsiLJvyU+h+wOjnqJJOWuJCVcMxZOr5HN/gHGdzJxY=
+github.com/containers/image v1.5.2-0.20190620105408-93b1deece293 h1:EalCgZ875kDCN2HcOch50q48GKerWGc5eV0BllCvln8=
+github.com/containers/image v1.5.2-0.20190620105408-93b1deece293/go.mod h1:8Vtij257IWSanUQKe1tAeNOm2sRVkSqQTVQ1IlwI3+M=
+github.com/containers/image v1.5.2-0.20190717062552-2178abd5f9b1 h1:RGlzwWSoGBbc5fgGysRrGAPLn8xQwihzRVPVDW5yQlo=
+github.com/containers/image v1.5.2-0.20190717062552-2178abd5f9b1/go.mod h1:8Vtij257IWSanUQKe1tAeNOm2sRVkSqQTVQ1IlwI3+M=
+github.com/containers/image v1.5.2-0.20190725091050-48acc3dcbb76 h1:+9unAKrV92Jvifb06UK8H4xTKf7h7XQDOsn4EC9eqH4=
+github.com/containers/image v1.5.2-0.20190725091050-48acc3dcbb76/go.mod h1:8Vtij257IWSanUQKe1tAeNOm2sRVkSqQTVQ1IlwI3+M=
+github.com/containers/image v2.0.0+incompatible h1:FTr6Br7jlIKNCKMjSOMbAxKp2keQ0//jzJaYNTVhauk=
+github.com/containers/image v2.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:8Vtij257IWSanUQKe1tAeNOm2sRVkSqQTVQ1IlwI3+M=
+github.com/containers/image v3.0.0+incompatible h1:pdUHY//H+3jYNnoTt+rqY8NsStX4ZBLKzPTlMC+XvnU=
+github.com/containers/image v3.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:8Vtij257IWSanUQKe1tAeNOm2sRVkSqQTVQ1IlwI3+M=
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.10 h1:vw1aiLsZ1LvO09ELMxVBTe35tThRiMftI2cPeH+G5ow=
+github.com/containers/storage v1.12.10/go.mod h1:+RirK6VQAqskQlaTBrOG6ulDvn4si2QjFE1NZCn06MM=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/docker/distribution v0.0.0-20170817175659-5f6282db7d65 h1:4zlOyrJUbYnrvlzChJ+jP2J3i77Jbhm336NEuCv7kZo=
+github.com/docker/distribution v0.0.0-20170817175659-5f6282db7d65/go.mod h1:J2gT2udsDAN96Uj4KfcMRqY0/ypR+oyYUYmja8H+y+w=
+github.com/docker/docker v0.0.0-20180522102801-da99009bbb11 h1:p8hSDXZgVhyh/C9bPlG8QMY64VeXtVfjmjIlzaQok5Q=
+github.com/docker/docker v0.0.0-20180522102801-da99009bbb11/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
+github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.0 h1:5bhDRLn1roGiNjz8IezRngHxMfoeaXGyr0BeMHq4rD8=
+github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.0/go.mod h1:WRaJzqw3CTB9bk10avuGsjVBZsD05qeibJ1/TYlvc0Y=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.0.0-20180212134524-7beb39f0b969 h1:p2WzwcFof6KwsloLgCiAKkU5DJSVgOKGdevswAmskvY=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.0.0-20180212134524-7beb39f0b969/go.mod h1:Gbd7IOopHjR8Iph03tsViu4nIes5XhDvyHbTtUxmeec=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.0.0-20161020213227-8a7beacffa30 h1:dDGntbHn0CUgKCyVvmHcD+spha+/4+8hJv5nbZVS6R8=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.0.0-20161020213227-8a7beacffa30/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
+github.com/docker/libtrust v0.0.0-20160708172513-aabc10ec26b7 h1:UhxFibDNY/bfvqU5CAUmr9zpesgbU6SWc8/B4mflAE4=
+github.com/docker/libtrust v0.0.0-20160708172513-aabc10ec26b7/go.mod h1:cyGadeNEkKy96OOhEzfZl+yxihPEzKnqJwvfuSUqbZE=
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2 h1:RLRQ0TKLX7DlBRXAJHvbmXL17Q3KNnTBtZ9B6Qo+/Y0=
+github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.2/go.mod h1:ZF2nL25h33cCyBtcyWeZ2/I3HQOfTP+0PIEvHjkjCrw=
+github.com/ghodss/yaml v0.0.0-20150909031657-73d445a93680 h1:ZktWZesgun21uEDrwW7iEV1zPCGQldM2atlJZ3TdvVM=
+github.com/ghodss/yaml v0.0.0-20150909031657-73d445a93680/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
+github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:0gkP6mzaMqkmpcJYCFOLkIBwI7xFExG03bbkOkCvUPI=
+github.com/go-check/check v0.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:9ES+weclKsC9YodN5RgxqK/VD9HM9JsCSh7rNhMZE98=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v0.0.0-20170815085658-fcdc5011193f h1:r/AdTzqktq9nQpFlFePWcp+scVi+oFRajfjRJ3UnETg=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v0.0.0-20170815085658-fcdc5011193f/go.mod h1:r8qH/GZQm5c6nD/R0oafs1akxWv10x8SbQlK7atdtwQ=
+github.com/gorilla/context v0.0.0-20140604161150-14f550f51af5 h1:yCHB2BCyFu0V6ChUHb8sF2VodD5B0PAgPDoCxBE7ICQ=
+github.com/gorilla/context v0.0.0-20140604161150-14f550f51af5/go.mod h1:kBGZzfjB9CEq2AlWe17Uuf7NDRt0dE0s8S51q0aT7Yg=
+github.com/gorilla/mux v0.0.0-20140926153814-e444e69cbd2e h1:nH09qCdJVZxw0nRVfm14xjXkw2puLyLPN56n4u+vTC0=
+github.com/gorilla/mux v0.0.0-20140926153814-e444e69cbd2e/go.mod h1:1lud6UwP+6orDFRuTfBEV8e9/aOM/c4fVVCaMa2zaAs=
+github.com/imdario/mergo v0.0.0-20141206190957-6633656539c1 h1:FeeCi0I2Fu8kA8IXrdVPtGzym+mW9bzfj9f26EaES9k=
+github.com/imdario/mergo v0.0.0-20141206190957-6633656539c1/go.mod h1:2EnlNZ0deacrJVfApfmtdGgDfMuh/nq6Ok1EcJh5FfA=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1 h1:8VMb5+0wMgdBykOV96DwNwKFQ+WTI4pzYURP99CcB9E=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1/go.mod h1:RyIbtBH6LamlWaDj8nUwkbUhJ87Yi3uG0guNDohfE1A=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0 h1:NMpwD2G9JSFOE1/TJjGSo5zG7Yb2bTe7eq1jH+irmeE=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:Pj4uuM528wm8OyEC2QMXAi2YiTZ96dNQPGgoMS4s3ek=
+github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1 h1:oIPZROsWuPHpOdMVWLuJZXwgjhrW8r1yEX8UqMyeNHM=
+github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.1/go.mod h1:Ch1tH69qFZu15pkjo5kYi6mth2Zzwzt50oCQKQE9RUs=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 h1:L/CwN0zerZDmRFUapSPitk6f+Q3+0za1rQkzVuMiMFI=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
+github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
+github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
+github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4 h1:bnP0vzxcAdeI1zdubAl5PjU6zsERjGZb7raWodagDYs=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4/go.mod h1:M+lRXTBqGeGNdLjl/ufCoiOlB5xdOkqRJdNxMWT7Zi4=
+github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.5 h1:JhhFTIOslh5ZsPrpa3Wdg8bF0WI3b44EMblmU9wIsXc=
+github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.5/go.mod h1:3xCvwCdWdlDJUrvuMn7Wuy9eWs4pE8vqg+NOMyg4B2o=
+github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs v0.0.0-20160425201758-22c9b32c84eb h1:iTqJ2fjDnaldY7BXhfc15HkT769kWAstiz2bCmUrKAw=
+github.com/mistifyio/go-zfs v0.0.0-20160425201758-22c9b32c84eb/go.mod h1:8AuVvqP/mXw1px98n46wfvcGfQ4ci2FwoAjKYxuo3Z4=
+github.com/mtrmac/gpgme v0.0.0-20170102180018-b2432428689c h1:xa+eQWKuJ9MbB9FBL/eoNvDFvveAkz2LQoz8PzX7Q/4=
+github.com/mtrmac/gpgme v0.0.0-20170102180018-b2432428689c/go.mod h1:GhAqVMEWnTcW2dxoD/SO3n2enrgWl3y6Dnx4m59GvcA=
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v0.0.0-20180430190053-c9281466c8b2 h1:QhPf3A2AZW3tTGvHPg0TA+CR3oHbVLlXUhlghqISp1I=
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v0.0.0-20180430190053-c9281466c8b2/go.mod h1:cMLVZDEM3+U2I4VmLI6N8jQYUd2OVphdqWwCJHrFt2s=
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v0.0.0-20180918080442-7b1e489870ac h1:Y0AqP4onEqgQST60GE172L61SAFMZMHQgXbwLMyj418=
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v0.0.0-20180918080442-7b1e489870ac/go.mod h1:BtxoFyWECRxE4U/7sNtV5W15zMzWCbyJoFRP3s7yZA0=
+github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v0.0.0-20170926011501-6d941547fa1d h1:X9WSFjjZNqYRqO2MenUgqE2nj/oydcfIzXJ0R/SVnnA=
+github.com/opencontainers/image-tools v0.0.0-20170926011501-6d941547fa1d/go.mod h1:A9btVpZLzttF4iFaKNychhPyrhfOjJ1OF5KrA8GcLj4=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6 h1:7AoN22rYxxkmsJS48wFaziH/n0OvrZVqL/TglgHKbKQ=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc6/go.mod h1:qT5XzbpPznkRYVz/mWwUaVBUv2rmF59PVA73FjuZG0U=
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0 h1:O6L965K88AilqnxeYPks/75HLpp4IG+FjeSCI3cVdRg=
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.0/go.mod h1:jwyrGlmzljRJv/Fgzds9SsS/C5hL+LL3ko9hs6T5lQ0=
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v0.0.0-20190118194635-b707dfcb00a1 h1:V8Icxoi2vzXvXaH0wuUZR+oyDvyRISW/1fXiK69le8E=
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v0.0.0-20190118194635-b707dfcb00a1/go.mod h1:+BLncwf63G4dgOzykXAxcmnFlUaOlkDdmw/CqsW6pjs=
+github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go v0.0.0-20181204105935-56f3a639dbc0 h1:l8oDb3Ln30sysfGafRZJ9zNnzYfNyWy+w4fGZjii5rQ=
+github.com/ostreedev/ostree-go v0.0.0-20181204105935-56f3a639dbc0/go.mod h1:J6OG6YJVEWopen4avK3VNQSnALmmjvniMmni/YFYAwc=
+github.com/pborman/uuid v0.0.0-20160209185913-a97ce2ca70fa h1:l8VQbMdmwFH37kOOaWQ/cw24/u8AuBz5lUym13Wcu0Y=
+github.com/pborman/uuid v0.0.0-20160209185913-a97ce2ca70fa/go.mod h1:VyrYX9gd7irzKovcSS6BIIEwPRkP2Wm2m9ufcdFSJ34=
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1 h1:iURUrRGxPUNPdy5/HRSm+Yj6okJ6UtLINN0Q9M4+h3I=
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v0.0.0-20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Dp6WLvjytJLgEEknBM9ie5JffieQzzdv2pNpwCJ6lQQ=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v0.0.0-20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/pquerna/ffjson v0.0.0-20171002144729-d49c2bc1aa13 h1:AUK/hm/tPsiNNASdb3J8fySVRZoI7fnK5mlOvdFD43o=
+github.com/pquerna/ffjson v0.0.0-20171002144729-d49c2bc1aa13/go.mod h1:YARuvh7BUWHNhzDq2OM5tzR2RiCcN2D7sapiKyCel/M=
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0 h1:XM8X4m/9ACaclZMs946FQNEZBZafvToJLTR4007drwo=
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.0/go.mod h1:pMByvHTf9Beacp5x1UXfOR9xyW/9antXMhjMPG0dEzc=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.1.3 h1:76sIvNG1I8oBerx/MvuVHh5HBWBW7oxfsi3snKIsz5w=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.1.3/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
+github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2 h1:b6uOv7YOFK0TYG7HtkIgExQo+2RdLuwRft63jn2HWj8=
+github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2/go.mod h1:hkRG7XYTFWNJGYcbNJQlaLq0fg1yr4J4t/NcTQtrfww=
+github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6+incompatible h1:JvoDL7JSoIP2HDE8AbDH3zC8QBPxmzYe32HHy5yQ+Ck=
+github.com/tchap/go-patricia v2.2.6+incompatible/go.mod h1:bmLyhP68RS6kStMGxByiQ23RP/odRBOTVjwp2cDyi6I=
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4 h1:zATC2OoZ8H1TZll3FpbX+ikwmadbO699PE06cIkm9oU=
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.4/go.mod h1:2bypXElzHzzJZwzH67Y6wb67pO62Rzfn7BSiF4ABRW8=
+github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0 h1:fDqGv3UG/4jbVl/QkFwEdddtEDjh/5Ov6X+0B/3bPaw=
+github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0/go.mod h1:70zkFmudgCuE/ngEzBv17Jvp/497gISqfk5gWijbERA=
+github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2 h1:CXd7HEKGkTLjBMinpObcJZU5Hm8EKlor2a1JtX6msXQ=
+github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.10.2/go.mod h1:LEuURwDEiWjRjwu46yU3KVGuUdVv/dcnpcEPSzR8z6g=
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4+incompatible h1:DDIhnwmgTQIDZo+SWlEr5d6mJBxkOLBwCXPzunhEfJ4=
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.3.4+incompatible/go.mod h1:zAHG26FUhVKETRu+MWqYXcI70POlC6N8up9p1dID7SU=
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.4.0+incompatible h1:mfiiYw87ARaeRW6x5gWwYRUawxaW1tLAD8IceomUCNw=
+github.com/vbauerster/mpb v3.4.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:zAHG26FUhVKETRu+MWqYXcI70POlC6N8up9p1dID7SU=
+github.com/vrothberg/image v0.0.0-20190717060034-cd5ce8239f51 h1:u4Hw4D3PLODtsZJ1FKi7j8bkd+zyJOc28dRSiVTOgyE=
+github.com/vrothberg/image v0.0.0-20190717060034-cd5ce8239f51/go.mod h1:/hIyjuUvIY6X2wGj/fbsA9zwlfAize8B2DLPishEHHg=
+github.com/vrothberg/image v0.0.0-20190718162835-cdafe647d2d8 h1:LpqO8V+oaT3eXrvKSminmqKWo2vhOdLgu1kp2/+fHAI=
+github.com/vrothberg/image v0.0.0-20190718162835-cdafe647d2d8/go.mod h1:/hIyjuUvIY6X2wGj/fbsA9zwlfAize8B2DLPishEHHg=
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f h1:J9EGpcZtP0E/raorCMxlFGSTBrsSlaDGf3jU/qvAE2c=
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f/go.mod h1:N2zxlSyiKSe5eX1tZViRH5QA0qijqEDrYZiPEAiq3wU=
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 h1:EzJWgHovont7NscjpAxXsDA8S8BMYve8Y5+7cuRE7R0=
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415/go.mod h1:GwrjFmJcFw6At/Gs6z4yjiIwzuJ1/+UwLxMQDVQXShQ=
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0 h1:ngVtJC9TY/lg0AA/1k48FYhBrhRoFlEmWzsehpNAaZg=
+github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.1.0/go.mod h1:5yf86TLmAcydyeJq5YvxkGPE2fm/u4myDekKRoLuqhs=
+go4.org v0.0.0-20190218023631-ce4c26f7be8e h1:m9LfARr2VIOW0vsV19kEKp/sWQvZnGobA8JHui/XJoY=
+go4.org v0.0.0-20190218023631-ce4c26f7be8e/go.mod h1:MkTOUMDaeVYJUOUsaDXIhWPZYa1yOyC1qaOBpL57BhE=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190219172222-a4c6cb3142f2 h1:NwxKRvbkH5MsNkvOtPZi3/3kmI8CAzs3mtv+GLQMkNo=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190219172222-a4c6cb3142f2/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190107210223-45ffb0cd1ba0 h1:1DW40AJQ7AP4nY6ORUGUdkpXyEC9W2GAXcOPaMZK0K8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190107210223-45ffb0cd1ba0/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f h1:Bl/8QSvNqXvPGPGXa2z5xUTmV7VDcZyvRZ+QQXkXTZQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20170817234608-43e60d72a8e2 h1:90z1vgEVOG718nzy69KGhEtYepBetip3OSWJjMnI8Bw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20170817234608-43e60d72a8e2/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20181227161524-e6919f6577db h1:ERgn/rMlavvbd/tNSkNoiKxiwdqWKnOfIB/X6qFxWsM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20181227161524-e6919f6577db/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20141029210843-d466437aa4ad h1:3SOi6w/NEma/Ir04qIGumn/RZwbXRhJSM7gN9YN8Ajc=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20141029210843-d466437aa4ad/go.mod h1:JAlM8MvJe8wmxCU4Bli9HhUf9+ttbYbLASfIpnQbh74=
+k8s.io/client-go v0.0.0-20181219152756-3dd551c0f083 h1:+Qf/nITucAbm09aIdxvoA+7X0BwaXmQGVoR8k7Ynk9o=
+k8s.io/client-go v0.0.0-20181219152756-3dd551c0f083/go.mod h1:7vJpHMYJwNQCWgzmNV+VYUl1zCObLyodBc8nIyt8L5s=

hack/.vendor-helpers.sh

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-PROJECT=github.com/runcom/skopeo
-
-# Downloads dependencies into vendor/ directory
-mkdir -p vendor
-
-export GOPATH="$GOPATH:${PWD}/vendor"
-
-find="/usr/bin/find"
-
-clone() {
-	local vcs="$1"
-	local pkg="$2"
-	local rev="$3"
-	local url="$4"
-
-	: ${url:=https://$pkg}
-	local target="vendor/src/$pkg"
-
-	echo -n "$pkg @ $rev: "
-
-	if [ -d "$target" ]; then
-		echo -n 'rm old, '
-		rm -rf "$target"
-	fi
-
-	echo -n 'clone, '
-	case "$vcs" in
-		git)
-			git clone --quiet --no-checkout "$url" "$target"
-			( cd "$target" && git checkout --quiet "$rev" && git reset --quiet --hard "$rev" )
-			;;
-		hg)
-			hg clone --quiet --updaterev "$rev" "$url" "$target"
-			;;
-	esac
-
-	echo -n 'rm VCS, '
-	( cd "$target" && rm -rf .{git,hg} )
-
-	echo -n 'rm vendor, '
-	( cd "$target" && rm -rf vendor Godeps/_workspace )
-
-	echo done
-}
-
-clean() {
-	local packages=(
-		"${PROJECT}" # package main
-	)
-	local platforms=( linux/amd64 linux/386 )
-
-	local buildTags=(  )
-
-	echo
-
-	echo -n 'collecting import graph, '
-	local IFS=$'\n'
-	local imports=( $(
-		for platform in "${platforms[@]}"; do
-			export GOOS="${platform%/*}";
-			export GOARCH="${platform##*/}";
-			go list -e -tags "$buildTags" -f '{{join .Deps "\n"}}' "${packages[@]}"
-			go list -e -tags "$buildTags" -f '{{join .TestImports "\n"}}' "${packages[@]}"
-		done | grep -vE "^${PROJECT}" | sort -u
-	) )
-	imports=( $(go list -e -f '{{if not .Standard}}{{.ImportPath}}{{end}}' "${imports[@]}") )
-	unset IFS
-
-	echo -n 'pruning unused packages, '
-	findArgs=(
-		# This directory contains only .c and .h files which are necessary
-		# -path vendor/src/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/code
-	)
-	for import in "${imports[@]}"; do
-		[ "${#findArgs[@]}" -eq 0 ] || findArgs+=( -or )
-		findArgs+=( -path "vendor/src/$import" )
-	done
-	local IFS=$'\n'
-	local prune=( $($find vendor -depth -type d -not '(' "${findArgs[@]}" ')') )
-	unset IFS
-	for dir in "${prune[@]}"; do
-		$find "$dir" -maxdepth 1 -not -type d -not -name 'LICENSE*' -not -name 'COPYING*' -exec rm -v -f '{}' ';'
-		rmdir "$dir" 2>/dev/null || true
-	done
-
-	echo -n 'pruning unused files, '
-	$find vendor -type f -name '*_test.go' -exec rm -v '{}' ';'
-
-	echo done
-}
-
-# Fix up hard-coded imports that refer to Godeps paths so they'll work with our vendoring
-fix_rewritten_imports () {
-       local pkg="$1"
-       local remove="${pkg}/Godeps/_workspace/src/"
-       local target="vendor/src/$pkg"
-
-       echo "$pkg: fixing rewritten imports"
-       $find "$target" -name \*.go -exec sed -i -e "s|\"${remove}|\"|g" {} \;
-}

hack/btrfs_installed_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+#include <btrfs/ioctl.h>
+EOF
+if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+	echo exclude_graphdriver_btrfs
+fi

hack/btrfs_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cc -E - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+#include <btrfs/version.h>
+EOF
+if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+	echo btrfs_noversion
+fi

hack/libdm_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+tmpdir="$PWD/tmp.$RANDOM"
+mkdir -p "$tmpdir"
+trap 'rm -fr "$tmpdir"' EXIT
+cc -c -o "$tmpdir"/libdm_tag.o -x c - > /dev/null 2> /dev/null << EOF
+#include <libdevmapper.h>
+int main() {
+	struct dm_task *task;
+	return 0;
+}
+EOF
+if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+	echo libdm_no_deferred_remove
+fi

hack/make.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+# This script builds various binary from a checkout of the skopeo
+# source code.
+#
+# Requirements:
+# - The current directory should be a checkout of the skopeo source code
+#   (https://github.com/containers/skopeo). Whatever version is checked out
+#   will be built.
+# - The script is intended to be run inside the docker container specified
+#   in the Dockerfile at the root of the source. In other words:
+#   DO NOT CALL THIS SCRIPT DIRECTLY.
+# - The right way to call this script is to invoke "make" from
+#   your checkout of the skopeo repository.
+#   the Makefile will do a "docker build -t skopeo ." and then
+#   "docker run hack/make.sh" in the resulting image.
+#
+
+set -o pipefail
+
+export SKOPEO_PKG='github.com/containers/skopeo'
+export SCRIPTDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
+export MAKEDIR="$SCRIPTDIR/make"
+
+# We're a nice, sexy, little shell script, and people might try to run us;
+# but really, they shouldn't. We want to be in a container!
+inContainer="AssumeSoInitially"
+if [ "$PWD" != "/go/src/$SKOPEO_PKG" ]; then
+	unset inContainer
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$inContainer" ]; then
+	{
+		echo "# WARNING! I don't seem to be running in a Docker container."
+		echo "# The result of this command might be an incorrect build, and will not be"
+		echo "# officially supported."
+		echo "#"
+		echo "# Try this instead: make all"
+		echo "#"
+	} >&2
+fi
+
+echo
+
+# List of bundles to create when no argument is passed
+# TODO(runcom): these are the one left from Docker...for now
+# test-unit
+# validate-dco
+# cover
+DEFAULT_BUNDLES=(
+	validate-gofmt
+	validate-lint
+	validate-vet
+	validate-git-marks
+
+	test-integration
+)
+
+TESTFLAGS+=" -test.timeout=10m"
+
+# If $TESTFLAGS is set in the environment, it is passed as extra arguments to 'go test'.
+# You can use this to select certain tests to run, eg.
+#
+#     TESTFLAGS='-test.run ^TestBuild$' ./hack/make.sh test-unit
+#
+# For integration-cli test, we use [gocheck](https://labix.org/gocheck), if you want
+# to run certain tests on your local host, you should run with command:
+#
+#     TESTFLAGS='-check.f DockerSuite.TestBuild*' ./hack/make.sh binary test-integration-cli
+#
+go_test_dir() {
+	dir=$1
+	(
+		echo '+ go test' $TESTFLAGS ${BUILDTAGS:+-tags "$BUILDTAGS"} "${SKOPEO_PKG}${dir#.}"
+		cd "$dir"
+		export DEST="$ABS_DEST" # we're in a subshell, so this is safe -- our integration-cli tests need DEST, and "cd" screws it up
+		go test $TESTFLAGS ${BUILDTAGS:+-tags "$BUILDTAGS"}
+	)
+}
+
+bundle() {
+	local bundle="$1"; shift
+	echo "---> Making bundle: $(basename "$bundle")"
+	source "$SCRIPTDIR/make/$bundle" "$@"
+}
+
+main() {
+	if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
+		bundles=(${DEFAULT_BUNDLES[@]})
+	else
+		bundles=($@)
+	fi
+	for bundle in ${bundles[@]}; do
+		bundle "$bundle"
+		echo
+	done
+}
+
+main "$@"

hack/make/.validate

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -z "$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM" ]; then
+	# this is kind of an expensive check, so let's not do this twice if we
+	# are running more than one validate bundlescript
+	
+	VALIDATE_REPO='https://github.com/containers/skopeo.git'
+	VALIDATE_BRANCH='master'
+	
+	if [ "$TRAVIS" = 'true' -a "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" != 'false' ]; then
+		VALIDATE_REPO="https://github.com/${TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG}.git"
+		VALIDATE_BRANCH="${TRAVIS_BRANCH}"
+	fi
+	
+	VALIDATE_HEAD="$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)"
+	
+	git fetch -q "$VALIDATE_REPO" "refs/heads/$VALIDATE_BRANCH"
+	VALIDATE_UPSTREAM="$(git rev-parse --verify FETCH_HEAD)"
+	
+	VALIDATE_COMMIT_LOG="$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM..$VALIDATE_HEAD"
+	VALIDATE_COMMIT_DIFF="$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM...$VALIDATE_HEAD"
+	
+	validate_diff() {
+		git diff "$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM" "$@"
+	}
+	validate_log() {
+		if [ "$VALIDATE_UPSTREAM" != "$VALIDATE_HEAD" ]; then
+			git log "$VALIDATE_COMMIT_LOG" "$@"
+		fi
+	}
+fi

hack/make/test-integration

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+bundle_test_integration() {
+	TESTFLAGS="$TESTFLAGS -check.v"
+	go_test_dir ./integration
+}
+
+# subshell so that we can export PATH without breaking other things
+(
+	make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
+	make install
+	bundle_test_integration
+) 2>&1

hack/make/test-system

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Before running podman for the first time, make sure
+# to set storage to vfs (not overlay): podman-in-podman
+# doesn't work with overlay. And, disable mountopt,
+# which causes error with vfs.
+sed -i \
+    -e 's/^driver\s*=.*/driver = "vfs"/' \
+    -e 's/^mountopt/#mountopt/' \
+    /etc/containers/storage.conf
+
+# Build skopeo, install into /usr/bin
+make binary-local ${BUILDTAGS:+BUILDTAGS="$BUILDTAGS"}
+make install
+
+# Run tests
+SKOPEO_BINARY=/usr/bin/skopeo bats --tap systemtest

hack/make/validate-git-marks

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+source "$(dirname "$BASH_SOURCE")/.validate"
+
+# folders=$(find * -type d | egrep -v '^Godeps|bundles|.git')
+
+IFS=$'\n'
+files=( $(validate_diff --diff-filter=ACMR --name-only -- '*' | grep -v '^vendor/' || true) )
+unset IFS
+
+badFiles=()
+for f in "${files[@]}"; do
+    if [ $(grep -r "^<<<<<<<" $f) ]; then
+        badFiles+=( "$f" )
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    if [ $(grep -r "^>>>>>>>" $f) ]; then
+        badFiles+=( "$f" )
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    if [ $(grep -r "^=======$" $f) ]; then
+        badFiles+=( "$f" )
+        continue
+    fi
+    set -e
+done
+
+
+if [ ${#badFiles[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	echo 'Congratulations!  There is no conflict.'
+else
+	{
+		echo "There is trace of conflict(s) in the following files :"
+		for f in "${badFiles[@]}"; do
+			echo " - $f"
+		done
+		echo
+		echo 'Please fix the conflict(s) commit the result.'
+		echo
+	} >&2
+	false
+fi

hack/make/validate-gofmt

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+source "$(dirname "$BASH_SOURCE")/.validate"
+
+IFS=$'\n'
+files=( $(validate_diff --diff-filter=ACMR --name-only -- '*.go' | grep -v '^vendor/' || true) )
+unset IFS
+
+badFiles=()
+for f in "${files[@]}"; do
+	if [ "$(gofmt -s -l < $f)" ]; then
+		badFiles+=( "$f" )
+	fi
+done
+
+if [ ${#badFiles[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files are properly formatted.'
+else
+	{
+		echo "These files are not properly gofmt'd:"
+		for f in "${badFiles[@]}"; do
+			echo " - $f"
+		done
+		echo
+		echo 'Please reformat the above files using "gofmt -s -w" and commit the result.'
+		echo
+	} >&2
+	false
+fi

hack/make/validate-lint

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+source "$(dirname "$BASH_SOURCE")/.validate"
+
+# We will eventually get to the point where packages should be the complete list
+# of subpackages, vendoring excluded, as given by:
+#
+IFS=$'\n'
+files=( $(validate_diff --diff-filter=ACMR --name-only -- '*.go' | grep -v '^vendor/\|^integration' || true) )
+unset IFS
+
+errors=()
+for f in "${files[@]}"; do
+	failedLint=$(golint "$f")
+	if [ "$failedLint" ]; then
+		errors+=( "$failedLint" )
+	fi
+done
+
+if [ ${#errors[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files have been linted.'
+else
+	{
+		echo "Errors from golint:"
+		for err in "${errors[@]}"; do
+			echo "$err"
+		done
+		echo
+		echo 'Please fix the above errors. You can test via "golint" and commit the result.'
+		echo
+	} >&2
+	false
+fi

hack/make/validate-vet

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+errors=$(go vet $(go list -e ./... | grep -v "$SKOPEO_PKG"/vendor))
+
+if [ -z "$errors" ]; then
+	echo 'Congratulations!  All Go source files have been vetted.'
+else
+	{
+		echo "Errors from go vet:"
+		echo "$errors"
+		echo
+		echo 'Please fix the above errors. You can test via "go vet" and commit the result.'
+		echo
+	} >&2
+	false
+fi

hack/ostree_tag.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if pkg-config ostree-1 2> /dev/null ; then
+	echo ostree
+else
+	echo containers_image_ostree_stub
+fi

hack/travis_osx.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+export GOPATH=$(pwd)/_gopath
+export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
+
+_containers="${GOPATH}/src/github.com/containers"
+mkdir -vp ${_containers}
+ln -vsf $(pwd) ${_containers}/skopeo
+
+go version
+GO111MODULE=off go get -u github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man golang.org/x/lint/golint
+
+cd ${_containers}/skopeo
+make validate-local test-unit-local binary-local
+sudo make install
+skopeo -v

hack/tree_status.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+STATUS=$(git status --porcelain)
+if [[ -z $STATUS ]]
+then
+	echo "tree is clean"
+else
+	echo "tree is dirty, please commit all changes and sync the vendor.conf"
+	echo ""
+	echo "$STATUS"
+	exit 1
+fi

hack/vendor.sh

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -e
-
-cd "$(dirname "$BASH_SOURCE")/.."
-rm -rf vendor/
-source 'hack/.vendor-helpers.sh'
-
-clone git github.com/codegangsta/cli v1.2.0
-clone git github.com/Sirupsen/logrus v0.8.7 # logrus is a common dependency among multiple deps
-clone git github.com/docker/docker master
-clone git golang.org/x/net master https://github.com/golang/net.git
-clone git github.com/docker/engine-api master
-clone git github.com/docker/distribution v2.3.0-rc.1
-clone git github.com/docker/go-connections master
-clone git github.com/docker/go-units master
-clone git github.com/docker/libtrust master
-clone git github.com/opencontainers/runc master
-clone git github.com/vbatts/tar-split master
-clone git github.com/gorilla/mux master
-clone git github.com/gorilla/context master
-
-clean
-
-mv vendor/src/* vendor/

inspect.go

@@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/digest"
-	distreference "github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/cliconfig"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/image"
-	versionPkg "github.com/docker/docker/pkg/version"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/registry"
-	types "github.com/docker/engine-api/types"
-	containerTypes "github.com/docker/engine-api/types/container"
-	registryTypes "github.com/docker/engine-api/types/registry"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-// fallbackError wraps an error that can possibly allow fallback to a different
-// endpoint.
-type fallbackError struct {
-	// err is the error being wrapped.
-	err error
-	// confirmedV2 is set to true if it was confirmed that the registry
-	// supports the v2 protocol. This is used to limit fallbacks to the v1
-	// protocol.
-	confirmedV2 bool
-}
-
-// Error renders the FallbackError as a string.
-func (f fallbackError) Error() string {
-	return f.err.Error()
-}
-
-type manifestFetcher interface {
-	Fetch(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named) (*imageInspect, error)
-}
-
-type imageInspect struct {
-	Tag             string
-	Digest          string
-	RepoTags        []string
-	Comment         string
-	Created         string
-	ContainerConfig *containerTypes.Config
-	DockerVersion   string
-	Author          string
-	Config          *containerTypes.Config
-	Architecture    string
-	Os              string
-}
-
-func validateName(name string) error {
-	distref, err := distreference.ParseNamed(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	hostname, _ := distreference.SplitHostname(distref)
-	if hostname == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Please use a fully qualified repository name")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func inspect(c *cli.Context) (*imageInspect, error) {
-	name := c.Args().First()
-	if err := validateName(name); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	ref, err := reference.ParseNamed(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	imgInspect, err := getData(c, ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return imgInspect, nil
-}
-
-func getData(c *cli.Context, ref reference.Named) (*imageInspect, error) {
-	repoInfo, err := registry.ParseRepositoryInfo(ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	authConfig, err := getAuthConfig(c, repoInfo.Index)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if err := validateRepoName(repoInfo.Name()); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	//options := &registry.Options{}
-	//options.Mirrors = opts.NewListOpts(nil)
-	//options.InsecureRegistries = opts.NewListOpts(nil)
-	//options.InsecureRegistries.Set("0.0.0.0/0")
-	//registryService := registry.NewService(options)
-	registryService := registry.NewService(nil)
-	//// TODO(runcom): hacky, provide a way of passing tls cert (flag?) to be used to lookup
-	//for _, ic := range registryService.Config.IndexConfigs {
-	//ic.Secure = false
-	//}
-
-	endpoints, err := registryService.LookupPullEndpoints(repoInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var (
-		ctx                    = context.Background()
-		lastErr                error
-		discardNoSupportErrors bool
-		imgInspect             *imageInspect
-		confirmedV2            bool
-	)
-
-	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
-		// make sure I can reach the registry, same as docker pull does
-		v1endpoint, err := endpoint.ToV1Endpoint(nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if _, err := v1endpoint.Ping(); err != nil {
-			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timeout") {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if confirmedV2 && endpoint.Version == registry.APIVersion1 {
-			logrus.Debugf("Skipping v1 endpoint %s because v2 registry was detected", endpoint.URL)
-			continue
-		}
-		logrus.Debugf("Trying to fetch image manifest of %s repository from %s %s", repoInfo.Name(), endpoint.URL, endpoint.Version)
-
-		//fetcher, err := newManifestFetcher(endpoint, repoInfo, config)
-		fetcher, err := newManifestFetcher(endpoint, repoInfo, authConfig, registryService)
-		if err != nil {
-			lastErr = err
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if imgInspect, err = fetcher.Fetch(ctx, ref); err != nil {
-			// Was this fetch cancelled? If so, don't try to fall back.
-			fallback := false
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-			default:
-				if fallbackErr, ok := err.(fallbackError); ok {
-					fallback = true
-					confirmedV2 = confirmedV2 || fallbackErr.confirmedV2
-					err = fallbackErr.err
-				}
-			}
-			if fallback {
-				if _, ok := err.(registry.ErrNoSupport); !ok {
-					// Because we found an error that's not ErrNoSupport, discard all subsequent ErrNoSupport errors.
-					discardNoSupportErrors = true
-					// save the current error
-					lastErr = err
-				} else if !discardNoSupportErrors {
-					// Save the ErrNoSupport error, because it's either the first error or all encountered errors
-					// were also ErrNoSupport errors.
-					lastErr = err
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			logrus.Debugf("Not continuing with error: %v", err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		return imgInspect, nil
-	}
-
-	if lastErr == nil {
-		lastErr = fmt.Errorf("no endpoints found for %s", ref.String())
-	}
-
-	return nil, lastErr
-}
-
-func newManifestFetcher(endpoint registry.APIEndpoint, repoInfo *registry.RepositoryInfo, authConfig types.AuthConfig, registryService *registry.Service) (manifestFetcher, error) {
-	switch endpoint.Version {
-	case registry.APIVersion2:
-		return &v2ManifestFetcher{
-			endpoint:   endpoint,
-			authConfig: authConfig,
-			service:    registryService,
-			repoInfo:   repoInfo,
-		}, nil
-	case registry.APIVersion1:
-		return &v1ManifestFetcher{
-			endpoint:   endpoint,
-			authConfig: authConfig,
-			service:    registryService,
-			repoInfo:   repoInfo,
-		}, nil
-	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown version %d for registry %s", endpoint.Version, endpoint.URL)
-}
-
-func getAuthConfig(c *cli.Context, index *registryTypes.IndexInfo) (types.AuthConfig, error) {
-	var (
-		username = c.GlobalString("username")
-		password = c.GlobalString("password")
-		cfg      = c.GlobalString("docker-cfg")
-	)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(cfg); err != nil {
-		logrus.Infof("Docker cli config file %q not found: %v, falling back to --username and --password if needed", cfg, err)
-		return types.AuthConfig{
-			Username: username,
-			Password: password,
-			Email:    "stub@example.com",
-		}, nil
-	}
-	confFile, err := cliconfig.Load(cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return types.AuthConfig{}, err
-	}
-	authConfig := registry.ResolveAuthConfig(confFile.AuthConfigs, index)
-	logrus.Debugf("authConfig for %s: %v", index.Name, authConfig)
-
-	return authConfig, nil
-}
-
-func validateRepoName(name string) error {
-	if name == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Repository name can't be empty")
-	}
-	if name == api.NoBaseImageSpecifier {
-		return fmt.Errorf("'%s' is a reserved name", api.NoBaseImageSpecifier)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func makeImageInspect(img *image.Image, tag string, dgst digest.Digest, tagList []string) *imageInspect {
-	var digest string
-	if err := dgst.Validate(); err == nil {
-		digest = dgst.String()
-	}
-	return &imageInspect{
-		Tag:             tag,
-		Digest:          digest,
-		RepoTags:        tagList,
-		Comment:         img.Comment,
-		Created:         img.Created.Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
-		ContainerConfig: &img.ContainerConfig,
-		DockerVersion:   img.DockerVersion,
-		Author:          img.Author,
-		Config:          img.Config,
-		Architecture:    img.Architecture,
-		Os:              img.OS,
-	}
-}
-
-func makeRawConfigFromV1Config(imageJSON []byte, rootfs *image.RootFS, history []image.History) (map[string]*json.RawMessage, error) {
-	var dver struct {
-		DockerVersion string `json:"docker_version"`
-	}
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(imageJSON, &dver); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	useFallback := versionPkg.Version(dver.DockerVersion).LessThan("1.8.3")
-
-	if useFallback {
-		var v1Image image.V1Image
-		err := json.Unmarshal(imageJSON, &v1Image)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		imageJSON, err = json.Marshal(v1Image)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	var c map[string]*json.RawMessage
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(imageJSON, &c); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	c["rootfs"] = rawJSON(rootfs)
-	c["history"] = rawJSON(history)
-
-	return c, nil
-}
-
-func rawJSON(value interface{}) *json.RawMessage {
-	jsonval, err := json.Marshal(value)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return (*json.RawMessage)(&jsonval)
-}

inspect_v1.go

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client/transport"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/image"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/image/v1"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/registry"
-	"github.com/docker/engine-api/types"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-type v1ManifestFetcher struct {
-	endpoint    registry.APIEndpoint
-	repoInfo    *registry.RepositoryInfo
-	repo        distribution.Repository
-	confirmedV2 bool
-	// wrap in a config?
-	authConfig types.AuthConfig
-	service    *registry.Service
-	session    *registry.Session
-}
-
-func (mf *v1ManifestFetcher) Fetch(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named) (*imageInspect, error) {
-	var (
-		imgInspect *imageInspect
-	)
-	if _, isCanonical := ref.(reference.Canonical); isCanonical {
-		// Allowing fallback, because HTTPS v1 is before HTTP v2
-		return nil, fallbackError{err: registry.ErrNoSupport{errors.New("Cannot pull by digest with v1 registry")}}
-	}
-	tlsConfig, err := mf.service.TLSConfig(mf.repoInfo.Index.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	// Adds Docker-specific headers as well as user-specified headers (metaHeaders)
-	tr := transport.NewTransport(
-		registry.NewTransport(tlsConfig),
-		//registry.DockerHeaders(mf.config.MetaHeaders)...,
-		registry.DockerHeaders(nil)...,
-	)
-	client := registry.HTTPClient(tr)
-	//v1Endpoint, err := mf.endpoint.ToV1Endpoint(mf.config.MetaHeaders)
-	v1Endpoint, err := mf.endpoint.ToV1Endpoint(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Debugf("Could not get v1 endpoint: %v", err)
-		return nil, fallbackError{err: err}
-	}
-	mf.session, err = registry.NewSession(client, &mf.authConfig, v1Endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Debugf("Fallback from error: %s", err)
-		return nil, fallbackError{err: err}
-	}
-	imgInspect, err = mf.fetchWithSession(ctx, ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return imgInspect, nil
-}
-
-func (mf *v1ManifestFetcher) fetchWithSession(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named) (*imageInspect, error) {
-	repoData, err := mf.session.GetRepositoryData(mf.repoInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "HTTP code: 404") {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error: image %s not found", mf.repoInfo.RemoteName())
-		}
-		// Unexpected HTTP error
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var tagsList map[string]string
-	tagsList, err = mf.session.GetRemoteTags(repoData.Endpoints, mf.repoInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Errorf("unable to get remote tags: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	logrus.Debugf("Retrieving the tag list")
-	tagged, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
-	var tagID, tag string
-	if isTagged {
-		tag = tagged.Tag()
-		tagsList[tagged.Tag()] = tagID
-	} else {
-		ref, err = reference.WithTag(ref, reference.DefaultTag)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		tagged, _ := ref.(reference.NamedTagged)
-		tag = tagged.Tag()
-		tagsList[tagged.Tag()] = tagID
-	}
-	tagID, err = mf.session.GetRemoteTag(repoData.Endpoints, mf.repoInfo, tag)
-	if err == registry.ErrRepoNotFound {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Tag %s not found in repository %s", tag, mf.repoInfo.FullName())
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Errorf("unable to get remote tags: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	tagList := []string{}
-	for tag := range tagsList {
-		tagList = append(tagList, tag)
-	}
-
-	img := repoData.ImgList[tagID]
-
-	var pulledImg *image.Image
-	for _, ep := range mf.repoInfo.Index.Mirrors {
-		if pulledImg, err = mf.pullImageJSON(img.ID, ep, repoData.Tokens); err != nil {
-			// Don't report errors when pulling from mirrors.
-			logrus.Debugf("Error pulling image json of %s:%s, mirror: %s, %s", mf.repoInfo.FullName(), img.Tag, ep, err)
-			continue
-		}
-		break
-	}
-	if pulledImg == nil {
-		for _, ep := range repoData.Endpoints {
-			if pulledImg, err = mf.pullImageJSON(img.ID, ep, repoData.Tokens); err != nil {
-				// It's not ideal that only the last error is returned, it would be better to concatenate the errors.
-				logrus.Infof("Error pulling image json of %s:%s, endpoint: %s, %v", mf.repoInfo.FullName(), img.Tag, ep, err)
-				continue
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error pulling image (%s) from %s, %v", img.Tag, mf.repoInfo.FullName(), err)
-	}
-	if pulledImg == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No such image %s:%s", mf.repoInfo.FullName(), tag)
-	}
-
-	return makeImageInspect(pulledImg, tag, "", tagList), nil
-}
-
-func (mf *v1ManifestFetcher) pullImageJSON(imgID, endpoint string, token []string) (*image.Image, error) {
-	imgJSON, _, err := mf.session.GetRemoteImageJSON(imgID, endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	h, err := v1.HistoryFromConfig(imgJSON, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	configRaw, err := makeRawConfigFromV1Config(imgJSON, image.NewRootFS(), []image.History{h})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	config, err := json.Marshal(configRaw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	img, err := image.NewFromJSON(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return img, nil
-}

inspect_v2.go

@@ -1,473 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"runtime"
-
-	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/digest"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/manifest/manifestlist"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/manifest/schema1"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/manifest/schema2"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/api/errcode"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/registry/client"
-	dockerdistribution "github.com/docker/docker/distribution"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/image"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/image/v1"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/registry"
-	"github.com/docker/engine-api/types"
-	"golang.org/x/net/context"
-)
-
-type v2ManifestFetcher struct {
-	endpoint    registry.APIEndpoint
-	repoInfo    *registry.RepositoryInfo
-	repo        distribution.Repository
-	confirmedV2 bool
-	// wrap in a config?
-	authConfig types.AuthConfig
-	service    *registry.Service
-}
-
-func (mf *v2ManifestFetcher) Fetch(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named) (*imageInspect, error) {
-	var (
-		imgInspect *imageInspect
-		err        error
-	)
-
-	//mf.repo, mf.confirmedV2, err = distribution.NewV2Repository(ctx, mf.repoInfo, mf.endpoint, mf.config.MetaHeaders, mf.config.AuthConfig, "pull")
-	mf.repo, mf.confirmedV2, err = dockerdistribution.NewV2Repository(ctx, mf.repoInfo, mf.endpoint, nil, &mf.authConfig, "pull")
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Debugf("Error getting v2 registry: %v", err)
-		return nil, fallbackError{err: err, confirmedV2: mf.confirmedV2}
-	}
-
-	imgInspect, err = mf.fetchWithRepository(ctx, ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		if _, ok := err.(fallbackError); ok {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if registry.ContinueOnError(err) {
-			err = fallbackError{err: err, confirmedV2: mf.confirmedV2}
-		}
-	}
-	return imgInspect, err
-}
-
-func (mf *v2ManifestFetcher) fetchWithRepository(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named) (*imageInspect, error) {
-	var (
-		manifest    distribution.Manifest
-		tagOrDigest string // Used for logging/progress only
-		tagList     = []string{}
-	)
-
-	manSvc, err := mf.repo.Manifests(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if _, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged); !isTagged {
-		ref, err = reference.WithTag(ref, reference.DefaultTag)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if tagged, isTagged := ref.(reference.NamedTagged); isTagged {
-		// NOTE: not using TagService.Get, since it uses HEAD requests
-		// against the manifests endpoint, which are not supported by
-		// all registry versions.
-		manifest, err = manSvc.Get(ctx, "", client.WithTag(tagged.Tag()))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, allowV1Fallback(err)
-		}
-		tagOrDigest = tagged.Tag()
-	} else if digested, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical); isDigested {
-		manifest, err = manSvc.Get(ctx, digested.Digest())
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		tagOrDigest = digested.Digest().String()
-	} else {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("internal error: reference has neither a tag nor a digest: %s", ref.String())
-	}
-
-	if manifest == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("image manifest does not exist for tag or digest %q", tagOrDigest)
-	}
-
-	// If manSvc.Get succeeded, we can be confident that the registry on
-	// the other side speaks the v2 protocol.
-	mf.confirmedV2 = true
-
-	tagList, err = mf.repo.Tags(ctx).All(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		// If this repository doesn't exist on V2, we should
-		// permit a fallback to V1.
-		return nil, allowV1Fallback(err)
-	}
-
-	var (
-		image          *image.Image
-		manifestDigest digest.Digest
-	)
-
-	switch v := manifest.(type) {
-	case *schema1.SignedManifest:
-		image, manifestDigest, err = mf.pullSchema1(ctx, ref, v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	case *schema2.DeserializedManifest:
-		image, manifestDigest, err = mf.pullSchema2(ctx, ref, v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	case *manifestlist.DeserializedManifestList:
-		image, manifestDigest, err = mf.pullManifestList(ctx, ref, v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	default:
-		return nil, errors.New("unsupported manifest format")
-	}
-
-	// TODO(runcom)
-	//var showTags bool
-	//if reference.IsNameOnly(ref) {
-	//showTags = true
-	//logrus.Debug("Using default tag: latest")
-	//ref = reference.WithDefaultTag(ref)
-	//}
-	//_ = showTags
-	return makeImageInspect(image, tagOrDigest, manifestDigest, tagList), nil
-}
-
-func (mf *v2ManifestFetcher) pullSchema1(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named, unverifiedManifest *schema1.SignedManifest) (img *image.Image, manifestDigest digest.Digest, err error) {
-	var verifiedManifest *schema1.Manifest
-	verifiedManifest, err = verifySchema1Manifest(unverifiedManifest, ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	// remove duplicate layers and check parent chain validity
-	err = fixManifestLayers(verifiedManifest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	// Image history converted to the new format
-	var history []image.History
-
-	// Note that the order of this loop is in the direction of bottom-most
-	// to top-most, so that the downloads slice gets ordered correctly.
-	for i := len(verifiedManifest.FSLayers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		var throwAway struct {
-			ThrowAway bool `json:"throwaway,omitempty"`
-		}
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(verifiedManifest.History[i].V1Compatibility), &throwAway); err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-
-		h, err := v1.HistoryFromConfig([]byte(verifiedManifest.History[i].V1Compatibility), throwAway.ThrowAway)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-		history = append(history, h)
-	}
-
-	rootFS := image.NewRootFS()
-	configRaw, err := makeRawConfigFromV1Config([]byte(verifiedManifest.History[0].V1Compatibility), rootFS, history)
-
-	config, err := json.Marshal(configRaw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	img, err = image.NewFromJSON(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	manifestDigest = digest.FromBytes(unverifiedManifest.Canonical)
-
-	return img, manifestDigest, nil
-}
-
-func verifySchema1Manifest(signedManifest *schema1.SignedManifest, ref reference.Named) (m *schema1.Manifest, err error) {
-	// If pull by digest, then verify the manifest digest. NOTE: It is
-	// important to do this first, before any other content validation. If the
-	// digest cannot be verified, don't even bother with those other things.
-	if digested, isCanonical := ref.(reference.Canonical); isCanonical {
-		verifier, err := digest.NewDigestVerifier(digested.Digest())
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if _, err := verifier.Write(signedManifest.Canonical); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if !verifier.Verified() {
-			err := fmt.Errorf("image verification failed for digest %s", digested.Digest())
-			logrus.Error(err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	m = &signedManifest.Manifest
-
-	if m.SchemaVersion != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported schema version %d for %q", m.SchemaVersion, ref.String())
-	}
-	if len(m.FSLayers) != len(m.History) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("length of history not equal to number of layers for %q", ref.String())
-	}
-	if len(m.FSLayers) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no FSLayers in manifest for %q", ref.String())
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
-
-func fixManifestLayers(m *schema1.Manifest) error {
-	imgs := make([]*image.V1Image, len(m.FSLayers))
-	for i := range m.FSLayers {
-		img := &image.V1Image{}
-
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(m.History[i].V1Compatibility), img); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		imgs[i] = img
-		if err := v1.ValidateID(img.ID); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if imgs[len(imgs)-1].Parent != "" && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
-		// Windows base layer can point to a base layer parent that is not in manifest.
-		return errors.New("Invalid parent ID in the base layer of the image.")
-	}
-
-	// check general duplicates to error instead of a deadlock
-	idmap := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	var lastID string
-	for _, img := range imgs {
-		// skip IDs that appear after each other, we handle those later
-		if _, exists := idmap[img.ID]; img.ID != lastID && exists {
-			return fmt.Errorf("ID %+v appears multiple times in manifest", img.ID)
-		}
-		lastID = img.ID
-		idmap[lastID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	// backwards loop so that we keep the remaining indexes after removing items
-	for i := len(imgs) - 2; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if imgs[i].ID == imgs[i+1].ID { // repeated ID. remove and continue
-			m.FSLayers = append(m.FSLayers[:i], m.FSLayers[i+1:]...)
-			m.History = append(m.History[:i], m.History[i+1:]...)
-		} else if imgs[i].Parent != imgs[i+1].ID {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid parent ID. Expected %v, got %v.", imgs[i+1].ID, imgs[i].Parent)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (mf *v2ManifestFetcher) pullSchema2(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named, mfst *schema2.DeserializedManifest) (img *image.Image, manifestDigest digest.Digest, err error) {
-	manifestDigest, err = schema2ManifestDigest(ref, mfst)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	target := mfst.Target()
-
-	configChan := make(chan []byte, 1)
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-	var cancel func()
-	ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-	// Pull the image config
-	go func() {
-		configJSON, err := mf.pullSchema2ImageConfig(ctx, target.Digest)
-		if err != nil {
-			errChan <- err
-			cancel()
-			return
-		}
-		configChan <- configJSON
-	}()
-
-	var (
-		configJSON         []byte      // raw serialized image config
-		unmarshalledConfig image.Image // deserialized image config
-	)
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		configJSON, unmarshalledConfig, err = receiveConfig(configChan, errChan)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-		if unmarshalledConfig.RootFS == nil {
-			return nil, "", errors.New("image config has no rootfs section")
-		}
-	}
-
-	if configJSON == nil {
-		configJSON, unmarshalledConfig, err = receiveConfig(configChan, errChan)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-	}
-
-	img, err = image.NewFromJSON(configJSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	return img, manifestDigest, nil
-}
-
-func (mf *v2ManifestFetcher) pullSchema2ImageConfig(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest) (configJSON []byte, err error) {
-	blobs := mf.repo.Blobs(ctx)
-	configJSON, err = blobs.Get(ctx, dgst)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// Verify image config digest
-	verifier, err := digest.NewDigestVerifier(dgst)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if _, err := verifier.Write(configJSON); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !verifier.Verified() {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("image config verification failed for digest %s", dgst)
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return configJSON, nil
-}
-
-func receiveConfig(configChan <-chan []byte, errChan <-chan error) ([]byte, image.Image, error) {
-	select {
-	case configJSON := <-configChan:
-		var unmarshalledConfig image.Image
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(configJSON, &unmarshalledConfig); err != nil {
-			return nil, image.Image{}, err
-		}
-		return configJSON, unmarshalledConfig, nil
-	case err := <-errChan:
-		return nil, image.Image{}, err
-		// Don't need a case for ctx.Done in the select because cancellation
-		// will trigger an error in p.pullSchema2ImageConfig.
-	}
-}
-
-// allowV1Fallback checks if the error is a possible reason to fallback to v1
-// (even if confirmedV2 has been set already), and if so, wraps the error in
-// a fallbackError with confirmedV2 set to false. Otherwise, it returns the
-// error unmodified.
-func allowV1Fallback(err error) error {
-	switch v := err.(type) {
-	case errcode.Errors:
-		if len(v) != 0 {
-			if v0, ok := v[0].(errcode.Error); ok && registry.ShouldV2Fallback(v0) {
-				return fallbackError{err: err, confirmedV2: false}
-			}
-		}
-	case errcode.Error:
-		if registry.ShouldV2Fallback(v) {
-			return fallbackError{err: err, confirmedV2: false}
-		}
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-// schema2ManifestDigest computes the manifest digest, and, if pulling by
-// digest, ensures that it matches the requested digest.
-func schema2ManifestDigest(ref reference.Named, mfst distribution.Manifest) (digest.Digest, error) {
-	_, canonical, err := mfst.Payload()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// If pull by digest, then verify the manifest digest.
-	if digested, isDigested := ref.(reference.Canonical); isDigested {
-		verifier, err := digest.NewDigestVerifier(digested.Digest())
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		if _, err := verifier.Write(canonical); err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		if !verifier.Verified() {
-			err := fmt.Errorf("manifest verification failed for digest %s", digested.Digest())
-			logrus.Error(err)
-			return "", err
-		}
-		return digested.Digest(), nil
-	}
-
-	return digest.FromBytes(canonical), nil
-}
-
-// pullManifestList handles "manifest lists" which point to various
-// platform-specifc manifests.
-func (mf *v2ManifestFetcher) pullManifestList(ctx context.Context, ref reference.Named, mfstList *manifestlist.DeserializedManifestList) (img *image.Image, manifestListDigest digest.Digest, err error) {
-	manifestListDigest, err = schema2ManifestDigest(ref, mfstList)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	var manifestDigest digest.Digest
-	for _, manifestDescriptor := range mfstList.Manifests {
-		// TODO(aaronl): The manifest list spec supports optional
-		// "features" and "variant" fields. These are not yet used.
-		// Once they are, their values should be interpreted here.
-		if manifestDescriptor.Platform.Architecture == runtime.GOARCH && manifestDescriptor.Platform.OS == runtime.GOOS {
-			manifestDigest = manifestDescriptor.Digest
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if manifestDigest == "" {
-		return nil, "", errors.New("no supported platform found in manifest list")
-	}
-
-	manSvc, err := mf.repo.Manifests(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	manifest, err := manSvc.Get(ctx, manifestDigest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	manifestRef, err := reference.WithDigest(ref, manifestDigest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	switch v := manifest.(type) {
-	case *schema1.SignedManifest:
-		img, _, err = mf.pullSchema1(ctx, manifestRef, v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-	case *schema2.DeserializedManifest:
-		img, _, err = mf.pullSchema2(ctx, manifestRef, v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", err
-		}
-	default:
-		return nil, "", errors.New("unsupported manifest format")
-	}
-
-	return img, manifestListDigest, err
-}

integration/blocked_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+const blockedRegistriesConf = "./fixtures/blocked-registries.conf"
+const blockedErrorRegex = `.*registry registry-blocked.com is blocked in .*`
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopyBlockedSource(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, blockedErrorRegex,
+		"--registries-conf", blockedRegistriesConf, "copy",
+		"docker://registry-blocked.com/image:test",
+		"docker://registry-unblocked.com/image:test")
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopyBlockedDestination(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, blockedErrorRegex,
+		"--registries-conf", blockedRegistriesConf, "copy",
+		"docker://registry-unblocked.com/image:test",
+		"docker://registry-blocked.com/image:test")
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestInspectBlocked(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, blockedErrorRegex,
+		"--registries-conf", blockedRegistriesConf, "inspect",
+		"docker://registry-blocked.com/image:test")
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestDeleteBlocked(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, blockedErrorRegex,
+		"--registries-conf", blockedRegistriesConf, "delete",
+		"docker://registry-blocked.com/image:test")
+}

integration/check_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/containers/skopeo/version"
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+const (
+	privateRegistryURL0 = "127.0.0.1:5000"
+	privateRegistryURL1 = "127.0.0.1:5001"
+)
+
+func Test(t *testing.T) {
+	check.TestingT(t)
+}
+
+func init() {
+	check.Suite(&SkopeoSuite{})
+}
+
+type SkopeoSuite struct {
+	regV2         *testRegistryV2
+	regV2WithAuth *testRegistryV2
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
+	_, err := exec.LookPath(skopeoBinary)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
+
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
+	s.regV2 = setupRegistryV2At(c, privateRegistryURL0, false, false)
+	s.regV2WithAuth = setupRegistryV2At(c, privateRegistryURL1, true, false)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
+	if s.regV2 != nil {
+		s.regV2.Close()
+	}
+	if s.regV2WithAuth != nil {
+		//cmd := exec.Command("docker", "logout", s.regV2WithAuth)
+		//c.Assert(cmd.Run(), check.IsNil)
+		s.regV2WithAuth.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// TODO like dockerCmd but much easier, just out,err
+//func skopeoCmd()
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestVersion(c *check.C) {
+	wanted := fmt.Sprintf(".*%s version %s.*", skopeoBinary, version.Version)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, wanted, "--version")
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCanAuthToPrivateRegistryV2WithoutDockerCfg(c *check.C) {
+	wanted := ".*manifest unknown: manifest unknown.*"
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", "--creds="+s.regV2WithAuth.username+":"+s.regV2WithAuth.password, fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestNeedAuthToPrivateRegistryV2WithoutDockerCfg(c *check.C) {
+	wanted := ".*unauthorized: authentication required.*"
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCertDirInsteadOfCertPath(c *check.C) {
+	wanted := ".*flag provided but not defined: -cert-path.*"
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url), "--cert-path=/")
+	wanted = ".*unauthorized: authentication required.*"
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, wanted, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url), "--cert-dir=/etc/docker/certs.d/")
+}
+
+// TODO(runcom): as soon as we can push to registries ensure you can inspect here
+// not just get image not found :)
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestNoNeedAuthToPrivateRegistryV2ImageNotFound(c *check.C) {
+	out, err := exec.Command(skopeoBinary, "--tls-verify=false", "inspect", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2.url)).CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil, check.Commentf(string(out)))
+	wanted := ".*manifest unknown.*"
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Matches, "(?s)"+wanted) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
+	wanted = ".*unauthorized: authentication required.*"
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Not(check.Matches), "(?s)"+wanted) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestInspectFailsWhenReferenceIsInvalid(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*Invalid image name.*`, "inspect", "unknown")
+}

integration/copy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/manifest"
+	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	imgspecv1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/image-tools/image"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	check.Suite(&CopySuite{})
+}
+
+const (
+	v2DockerRegistryURL   = "localhost:5555" // Update also policy.json
+	v2s1DockerRegistryURL = "localhost:5556"
+)
+
+type CopySuite struct {
+	cluster    *openshiftCluster
+	registry   *testRegistryV2
+	s1Registry *testRegistryV2
+	gpgHome    string
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
+	if os.Getenv("SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS") != "1" {
+		c.Skip("Not running in a container, refusing to affect user state")
+	}
+
+	s.cluster = startOpenshiftCluster(c) // FIXME: Set up TLS for the docker registry port instead of using "--tls-verify=false" all over the place.
+
+	for _, stream := range []string{"unsigned", "personal", "official", "naming", "cosigned", "compression", "schema1", "schema2"} {
+		isJSON := fmt.Sprintf(`{
+			"kind": "ImageStream",
+			"apiVersion": "v1",
+			"metadata": {
+			    "name": "%s"
+			},
+			"spec": {}
+		}`, stream)
+		runCommandWithInput(c, isJSON, "oc", "create", "-f", "-")
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: Set up TLS for the docker registry port instead of using "--tls-verify=false" all over the place.
+	s.registry = setupRegistryV2At(c, v2DockerRegistryURL, false, false)
+	s.s1Registry = setupRegistryV2At(c, v2s1DockerRegistryURL, false, true)
+
+	gpgHome, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-gpg")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	s.gpgHome = gpgHome
+	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", s.gpgHome)
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"personal", "official"} {
+		batchInput := fmt.Sprintf("Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Test key - %s\nName-email: %s@example.com\n%%no-protection\n%%commit\n",
+			key, key)
+		runCommandWithInput(c, batchInput, gpgBinary, "--batch", "--gen-key")
+
+		out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, gpgBinary, "--armor", "--export", fmt.Sprintf("%s@example.com", key))
+		err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(s.gpgHome, fmt.Sprintf("%s-pubkey.gpg", key)),
+			[]byte(out), 0600)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
+	if s.gpgHome != "" {
+		os.RemoveAll(s.gpgHome)
+	}
+	if s.registry != nil {
+		s.registry.Close()
+	}
+	if s.s1Registry != nil {
+		s.s1Registry.Close()
+	}
+	if s.cluster != nil {
+		s.cluster.tearDown(c)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyWithManifestList(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-manifest-list")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:latest", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyFailsWhenImageOSDoesntMatchRuntimeOS(c *check.C) {
+	c.Skip("can't run this on Travis")
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*image operating system "windows" cannot be used on "linux".*`, "copy", "docker://microsoft/windowsservercore", "containers-storage:test")
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySimpleAtomicRegistry(c *check.C) {
+	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-1")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
+	dir2, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-2")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir2)
+
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// "pull": docker: → dir:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:amd64", "dir:"+dir1)
+	// "push": dir: → atomic:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "dir:"+dir1, "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/unsigned:unsigned")
+	// The result of pushing and pulling is an equivalent image, except for schema1 embedded names.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/unsigned:unsigned", "dir:"+dir2)
+	assertSchema1DirImagesAreEqualExceptNames(c, dir1, "estesp/busybox:amd64", dir2, "myns/unsigned:unsigned")
+}
+
+// The most basic (skopeo copy) use:
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySimple(c *check.C) {
+	const ourRegistry = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
+
+	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-1")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
+	dir2, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-2")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir2)
+
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// "pull": docker: → dir:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox", "dir:"+dir1)
+	// "push": dir: → docker(v2s2):
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "dir:"+dir1, ourRegistry+"busybox:unsigned")
+	// The result of pushing and pulling is an unmodified image.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", ourRegistry+"busybox:unsigned", "dir:"+dir2)
+	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", dir1, dir2)
+	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
+
+	// docker v2s2 -> OCI image layout with image name
+	// ociDest will be created by oci: if it doesn't exist
+	// so don't create it here to exercise auto-creation
+	ociDest := "busybox-latest-image"
+	ociImgName := "busybox"
+	defer os.RemoveAll(ociDest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox:latest", "oci:"+ociDest+":"+ociImgName)
+	_, err = os.Stat(ociDest)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	// docker v2s2 -> OCI image layout without image name
+	ociDest = "busybox-latest-noimage"
+	defer os.RemoveAll(ociDest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox:latest", "oci:"+ociDest)
+	_, err = os.Stat(ociDest)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+}
+
+// Check whether dir: images in dir1 and dir2 are equal, ignoring schema1 signatures.
+func assertDirImagesAreEqual(c *check.C, dir1, dir2 string) {
+	// The manifests may have different JWS signatures; so, compare the manifests by digests, which
+	// strips the signatures.
+	digests := []digest.Digest{}
+	for _, dir := range []string{dir1, dir2} {
+		manifestPath := filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json")
+		m, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		digest, err := manifest.Digest(m)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		digests = append(digests, digest)
+	}
+	c.Assert(digests[0], check.Equals, digests[1])
+	// Then compare the rest file by file.
+	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", "-x", "manifest.json", dir1, dir2)
+	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
+}
+
+// Check whether schema1 dir: images in dir1 and dir2 are equal, ignoring schema1 signatures and the embedded path/tag values, which should have the expected values.
+func assertSchema1DirImagesAreEqualExceptNames(c *check.C, dir1, ref1, dir2, ref2 string) {
+	// The manifests may have different JWS signatures and names; so, unmarshal and delete these elements.
+	manifests := []map[string]interface{}{}
+	for dir, ref := range map[string]string{dir1: ref1, dir2: ref2} {
+		manifestPath := filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json")
+		m, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		data := map[string]interface{}{}
+		err = json.Unmarshal(m, &data)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		c.Assert(data["schemaVersion"], check.Equals, float64(1))
+		colon := strings.LastIndex(ref, ":")
+		c.Assert(colon, check.Not(check.Equals), -1)
+		c.Assert(data["name"], check.Equals, ref[:colon])
+		c.Assert(data["tag"], check.Equals, ref[colon+1:])
+		for _, key := range []string{"signatures", "name", "tag"} {
+			delete(data, key)
+		}
+		manifests = append(manifests, data)
+	}
+	c.Assert(manifests[0], check.DeepEquals, manifests[1])
+	// Then compare the rest file by file.
+	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", "-x", "manifest.json", dir1, dir2)
+	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
+}
+
+// Streaming (skopeo copy)
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyStreaming(c *check.C) {
+	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "streaming-1")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
+	dir2, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "streaming-2")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir2)
+
+	// FIXME: It would be nice to use one of the local Docker registries instead of neeeding an Internet connection.
+	// streaming: docker: → atomic:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:amd64", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/unsigned:streaming")
+	// Compare (copies of) the original and the copy:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:amd64", "dir:"+dir1)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/unsigned:streaming", "dir:"+dir2)
+	assertSchema1DirImagesAreEqualExceptNames(c, dir1, "estesp/busybox:amd64", dir2, "myns/unsigned:streaming")
+	// FIXME: Also check pushing to docker://
+}
+
+// OCI round-trip testing. It's very important to make sure that OCI <-> Docker
+// conversion works (while skopeo handles many things, one of the most obvious
+// benefits of a tool like skopeo is that you can use OCI tooling to create an
+// image and then as the final step convert the image to a non-standard format
+// like Docker). But this only works if we _test_ it.
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyOCIRoundTrip(c *check.C) {
+	const ourRegistry = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
+
+	oci1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "oci-1")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(oci1)
+	oci2, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "oci-2")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(oci2)
+
+	// Docker -> OCI
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "docker://busybox", "oci:"+oci1+":latest")
+	// OCI -> Docker
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "oci:"+oci1+":latest", ourRegistry+"original/busybox:oci_copy")
+	// Docker -> OCI
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", ourRegistry+"original/busybox:oci_copy", "oci:"+oci2+":latest")
+	// OCI -> Docker
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--debug", "copy", "oci:"+oci2+":latest", ourRegistry+"original/busybox:oci_copy2")
+
+	// TODO: Add some more tags to output to and check those work properly.
+
+	// First, make sure the OCI blobs are the same. This should _always_ be true.
+	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", oci1+"/blobs", oci2+"/blobs")
+	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
+
+	// For some silly reason we pass a logger to the OCI library here...
+	logger := log.New(os.Stderr, "", 0)
+
+	// Verify using the upstream OCI image validator, this should catch most
+	// non-compliance errors. DO NOT REMOVE THIS TEST UNLESS IT'S ABSOLUTELY
+	// NECESSARY.
+	err = image.ValidateLayout(oci1, nil, logger)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	err = image.ValidateLayout(oci2, nil, logger)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	// Now verify that everything is identical. Currently this is true, but
+	// because we recompute the manifests on-the-fly this doesn't necessarily
+	// always have to be true (but if this breaks in the future __PLEASE__ make
+	// sure that the breakage actually makes sense before removing this check).
+	out = combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "diff", "-urN", oci1, oci2)
+	c.Assert(out, check.Equals, "")
+}
+
+// --sign-by and --policy copy, primarily using atomic:
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySignatures(c *check.C) {
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil { // FIXME? Test that verification and policy enforcement works, using signatures from fixtures
+		c.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Signing not supported: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "signatures-dest")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	dirDest := "dir:" + dir
+
+	policy := fileFromFixture(c, "fixtures/policy.json", map[string]string{"@keydir@": s.gpgHome})
+	defer os.Remove(policy)
+
+	// type: reject
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: Running image docker://busybox:latest is rejected by policy.*",
+		"--policy", policy, "copy", "docker://busybox:latest", dirDest)
+
+	// type: insecureAcceptAnything
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--policy", policy, "copy", "docker://openshift/hello-openshift", dirDest)
+
+	// type: signedBy
+	// Sign the images
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", "docker://busybox:1.26", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/personal:personal")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--sign-by", "official@example.com", "docker://busybox:1.26.1", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official")
+	// Verify that we can pull them
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/personal:personal", dirDest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", dirDest)
+	// Verify that mis-signed images are rejected
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/personal:personal", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:attack")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/personal:attack")
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: Invalid GPG signature.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/personal:attack", dirDest)
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: Invalid GPG signature.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:attack", dirDest)
+
+	// Verify that signed identity is verified.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:test1")
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: Signature for identity localhost:5006/myns/official:official is not accepted.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:test1", dirDest)
+	// signedIdentity works
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:naming")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/naming:naming", dirDest)
+
+	// Verify that cosigning requirements are enforced
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/cosigned:cosigned")
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: Invalid GPG signature.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/cosigned:cosigned", dirDest)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/official:official", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/cosigned:cosigned")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "atomic:localhost:5006/myns/cosigned:cosigned", dirDest)
+}
+
+// --policy copy for dir: sources
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyDirSignatures(c *check.C) {
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil { // FIXME? Test that verification and policy enforcement works, using signatures from fixtures
+		c.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Signing not supported: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "dir-signatures-top")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+	topDirDest := "dir:" + topDir
+
+	for _, suffix := range []string{"/dir1", "/dir2", "/restricted/personal", "/restricted/official", "/restricted/badidentity", "/dest"} {
+		err := os.MkdirAll(topDir+suffix, 0755)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	}
+
+	// Note the "/@dirpath@": The value starts with a slash so that it is not rejected in other tests which do not replace it,
+	// but we must ensure that the result is a canonical path, not something starting with a "//".
+	policy := fileFromFixture(c, "fixtures/policy.json", map[string]string{"@keydir@": s.gpgHome, "/@dirpath@": topDir + "/restricted"})
+	defer os.Remove(policy)
+
+	// Get some images.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:armfh", topDirDest+"/dir1")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://estesp/busybox:s390x", topDirDest+"/dir2")
+
+	// Sign the images. By coping fom a topDirDest/dirN, also test that non-/restricted paths
+	// use the dir:"" default of insecureAcceptAnything.
+	// (For signing, we must push to atomic: to get a Docker identity to use in the signature.)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", topDirDest+"/dir1", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "--sign-by", "official@example.com", topDirDest+"/dir2", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/official:dirstaging")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging", topDirDest+"/restricted/personal")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/official:dirstaging", topDirDest+"/restricted/official")
+
+	// type: signedBy, with a signedIdentity override (necessary because dir: identities can't be signed)
+	// Verify that correct images are accepted
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--policy", policy, "copy", topDirDest+"/restricted/official", topDirDest+"/dest")
+	// ... and that mis-signed images are rejected.
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: Invalid GPG signature.*",
+		"--policy", policy, "copy", topDirDest+"/restricted/personal", topDirDest+"/dest")
+
+	// Verify that the signed identity is verified.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "copy", "--sign-by", "official@example.com", topDirDest+"/dir1", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2", topDirDest+"/restricted/badidentity")
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: .*Signature for identity localhost:5000/myns/personal:dirstaging2 is not accepted.*",
+		"--policy", policy, "copy", topDirDest+"/restricted/badidentity", topDirDest+"/dest")
+}
+
+// Compression during copy
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyCompression(c *check.C) {
+	const uncompresssedLayerFile = "160d823fdc48e62f97ba62df31e55424f8f5eb6b679c865eec6e59adfe304710"
+
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "compression-top")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+
+	for i, t := range []struct{ fixture, remote string }{
+		{"uncompressed-image-s1", "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/compression/compression:s1"},
+		{"uncompressed-image-s2", "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/compression/compression:s2"},
+		{"uncompressed-image-s1", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/compression:s1"},
+		{"uncompressed-image-s2", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/compression:s2"},
+	} {
+		dir := filepath.Join(topDir, fmt.Sprintf("case%d", i))
+		err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+		assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "dir:fixtures/"+t.fixture, t.remote)
+		assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", t.remote, "dir:"+dir)
+
+		// The original directory contained an uncompressed file, the copy after pushing and pulling doesn't (we use a different name for the compressed file).
+		_, err = os.Lstat(filepath.Join("fixtures", t.fixture, uncompresssedLayerFile))
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		_, err = os.Lstat(filepath.Join(dir, uncompresssedLayerFile))
+		c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
+		c.Assert(os.IsNotExist(err), check.Equals, true)
+
+		// All pulled layers are smaller than the uncompressed size of uncompresssedLayerFile. (Note that this includes the manifest in s2, but that works out OK).
+		dirf, err := os.Open(dir)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		fis, err := dirf.Readdir(-1)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		for _, fi := range fis {
+			c.Assert(fi.Size() < 2048, check.Equals, true)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func findRegularFiles(c *check.C, root string) []string {
+	result := []string{}
+	err := filepath.Walk(root, filepath.WalkFunc(func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			result = append(result, path)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	return result
+}
+
+// --sign-by and policy use for docker: with sigstore
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyDockerSigstore(c *check.C) {
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil { // FIXME? Test that verification and policy enforcement works, using signatures from fixtures
+		c.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Signing not supported: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	const ourRegistry = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
+
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "signatures-sigstore")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	copyDest := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dest")
+	err = os.Mkdir(copyDest, 0755)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	dirDest := "dir:" + copyDest
+	plainSigstore := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "sigstore")
+	splitSigstoreStaging := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "sigstore-staging")
+
+	splitSigstoreReadServerHandler := http.NotFoundHandler()
+	splitSigstoreReadServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		splitSigstoreReadServerHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer splitSigstoreReadServer.Close()
+
+	policy := fileFromFixture(c, "fixtures/policy.json", map[string]string{"@keydir@": s.gpgHome})
+	defer os.Remove(policy)
+	registriesDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "registries.d")
+	err = os.Mkdir(registriesDir, 0755)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	registriesFile := fileFromFixture(c, "fixtures/registries.yaml",
+		map[string]string{"@sigstore@": plainSigstore, "@split-staging@": splitSigstoreStaging, "@split-read@": splitSigstoreReadServer.URL})
+	err = os.Symlink(registriesFile, filepath.Join(registriesDir, "registries.yaml"))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	// Get an image to work with.  Also verifies that we can use Docker repositories with no sigstore configured.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "docker://busybox", ourRegistry+"original/busybox")
+	// Pulling an unsigned image fails.
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: A signature was required, but no signature exists.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", ourRegistry+"original/busybox", dirDest)
+
+	// Signing with sigstore defined succeeds,
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", ourRegistry+"original/busybox", ourRegistry+"signed/busybox")
+	// a signature file has been created,
+	foundFiles := findRegularFiles(c, plainSigstore)
+	c.Assert(foundFiles, check.HasLen, 1)
+	// and pulling a signed image succeeds.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", ourRegistry+"signed/busybox", dirDest)
+
+	// Deleting the image succeeds,
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "delete", ourRegistry+"signed/busybox")
+	// and the signature file has been deleted (but we leave the directories around).
+	foundFiles = findRegularFiles(c, plainSigstore)
+	c.Assert(foundFiles, check.HasLen, 0)
+
+	// Signing with a read/write sigstore split succeeds,
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", ourRegistry+"original/busybox", ourRegistry+"public/busybox")
+	// and a signature file has been created.
+	foundFiles = findRegularFiles(c, splitSigstoreStaging)
+	c.Assert(foundFiles, check.HasLen, 1)
+	// Pulling the image fails because the read sigstore URL has not been populated:
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: A signature was required, but no signature exists.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", ourRegistry+"public/busybox", dirDest)
+	// Pulling the image succeeds after the read sigstore URL is available:
+	splitSigstoreReadServerHandler = http.FileServer(http.Dir(splitSigstoreStaging))
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", ourRegistry+"public/busybox", dirDest)
+}
+
+// atomic: and docker: X-Registry-Supports-Signatures works and interoperates
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyAtomicExtension(c *check.C) {
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil { // FIXME? Test that the reading/writing works using signatures from fixtures
+		c.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Signing not supported: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "atomic-extension")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+	for _, subdir := range []string{"dirAA", "dirAD", "dirDA", "dirDD", "registries.d"} {
+		err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(topDir, subdir), 0755)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	}
+	registriesDir := filepath.Join(topDir, "registries.d")
+	dirDest := "dir:" + topDir
+	policy := fileFromFixture(c, "fixtures/policy.json", map[string]string{"@keydir@": s.gpgHome})
+	defer os.Remove(policy)
+
+	// Get an image to work with to an atomic: destination.  Also verifies that we can use Docker repositories without X-Registry-Supports-Signatures
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir, "copy", "docker://busybox", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:unsigned")
+	// Pulling an unsigned image using atomic: fails.
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: A signature was required, but no signature exists.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy,
+		"copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:unsigned", dirDest+"/dirAA")
+	// The same when pulling using docker:
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*Source image rejected: A signature was required, but no signature exists.*",
+		"--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir,
+		"copy", "docker://localhost:5000/myns/extension:unsigned", dirDest+"/dirAD")
+
+	// Sign the image using atomic:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false",
+		"copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:unsigned", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:atomic")
+	// Pulling the image using atomic: now succeeds.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy,
+		"copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:atomic", dirDest+"/dirAA")
+	// The same when pulling using docker:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir,
+		"copy", "docker://localhost:5000/myns/extension:atomic", dirDest+"/dirAD")
+	// Both access methods result in the same data.
+	assertDirImagesAreEqual(c, filepath.Join(topDir, "dirAA"), filepath.Join(topDir, "dirAD"))
+
+	// Get another image (different so that they don't share signatures, and sign it using docker://)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "--registries.d", registriesDir,
+		"copy", "--sign-by", "personal@example.com", "docker://estesp/busybox:ppc64le", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:extension")
+	c.Logf("%s", combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "oc", "get", "istag", "extension:extension", "-o", "json"))
+	// Pulling the image using atomic: succeeds.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--debug", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy,
+		"copy", "atomic:localhost:5000/myns/extension:extension", dirDest+"/dirDA")
+	// The same when pulling using docker:
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--debug", "--tls-verify=false", "--policy", policy, "--registries.d", registriesDir,
+		"copy", "docker://localhost:5000/myns/extension:extension", dirDest+"/dirDD")
+	// Both access methods result in the same data.
+	assertDirImagesAreEqual(c, filepath.Join(topDir, "dirDA"), filepath.Join(topDir, "dirDD"))
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopySrcWithAuth(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--dest-creds=testuser:testpassword", "docker://busybox", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
+	dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-1")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--src-creds=testuser:testpassword", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url), "dir:"+dir1)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopyDestWithAuth(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--dest-creds=testuser:testpassword", "docker://busybox", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestCopySrcAndDestWithAuth(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--dest-creds=testuser:testpassword", "docker://busybox", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--tls-verify=false", "copy", "--src-creds=testuser:testpassword", "--dest-creds=testuser:testpassword", fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/busybox:latest", s.regV2WithAuth.url), fmt.Sprintf("docker://%s/test:auth", s.regV2WithAuth.url))
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyNoPanicOnHTTPResponseWOTLSVerifyFalse(c *check.C) {
+	const ourRegistry = "docker://" + v2DockerRegistryURL + "/"
+
+	// dir:test isn't created beforehand just because we already know this could
+	// just fail when evaluating the src
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client.*",
+		"copy", ourRegistry+"foobar", "dir:test")
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopySchemaConversion(c *check.C) {
+	// Test conversion / schema autodetection both for the OpenShift embedded registry…
+	s.testCopySchemaConversionRegistries(c, "docker://localhost:5005/myns/schema1", "docker://localhost:5006/myns/schema2")
+	// … and for various docker/distribution registry versions.
+	s.testCopySchemaConversionRegistries(c, "docker://"+v2s1DockerRegistryURL+"/schema1", "docker://"+v2DockerRegistryURL+"/schema2")
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyManifestConversion(c *check.C) {
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "manifest-conversion")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+	srcDir := filepath.Join(topDir, "source")
+	destDir1 := filepath.Join(topDir, "dest1")
+	destDir2 := filepath.Join(topDir, "dest2")
+
+	// oci to v2s1 and vice-versa not supported yet
+	// get v2s2 manifest type
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox", "dir:"+srcDir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, srcDir, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	// convert from v2s2 to oci
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=oci", "dir:"+srcDir, "dir:"+destDir1)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir1, imgspecv1.MediaTypeImageManifest)
+	// convert from oci to v2s2
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=v2s2", "dir:"+destDir1, "dir:"+destDir2)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir2, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	// convert from v2s2 to v2s1
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=v2s1", "dir:"+srcDir, "dir:"+destDir1)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir1, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType)
+	// convert from v2s1 to v2s2
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--format=v2s2", "dir:"+destDir1, "dir:"+destDir2)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir2, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) testCopySchemaConversionRegistries(c *check.C, schema1Registry, schema2Registry string) {
+	topDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "schema-conversion")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(topDir)
+	for _, subdir := range []string{"input1", "input2", "dest2"} {
+		err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(topDir, subdir), 0755)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	}
+	input1Dir := filepath.Join(topDir, "input1")
+	input2Dir := filepath.Join(topDir, "input2")
+	destDir := filepath.Join(topDir, "dest2")
+
+	// Ensure we are working with a schema2 image.
+	// dir: accepts any manifest format, i.e. this makes …/input2 a schema2 source which cannot be asked to produce schema1 like ordinary docker: registries can.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "docker://busybox", "dir:"+input2Dir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, input2Dir, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	// 2→2 (the "f2t2" in tag means "from 2 to 2")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "dir:"+input2Dir, schema2Registry+":f2t2")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", schema2Registry+":f2t2", "dir:"+destDir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir, manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType)
+	// 2→1; we will use the result as a schema1 image for further tests.
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "dir:"+input2Dir, schema1Registry+":f2t1")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", schema1Registry+":f2t1", "dir:"+input1Dir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, input1Dir, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType)
+	// 1→1
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "dir:"+input1Dir, schema1Registry+":f1t1")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", schema1Registry+":f1t1", "dir:"+destDir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType)
+	// 1→2: image stays unmodified schema1
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--dest-tls-verify=false", "dir:"+input1Dir, schema2Registry+":f1t2")
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "copy", "--src-tls-verify=false", schema2Registry+":f1t2", "dir:"+destDir)
+	verifyManifestMIMEType(c, destDir, manifest.DockerV2Schema1SignedMediaType)
+}
+
+// Verify manifest in a dir: image at dir is expectedMIMEType.
+func verifyManifestMIMEType(c *check.C, dir string, expectedMIMEType string) {
+	manifestBlob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "manifest.json"))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	mimeType := manifest.GuessMIMEType(manifestBlob)
+	c.Assert(mimeType, check.Equals, expectedMIMEType)
+}
+
+const regConfFixture = "./fixtures/registries.conf"
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestSuccessCopySrcWithMirror(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://mirror.invalid/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestFailureCopySrcWithMirrorsUnavailable(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*no such host.*", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://invalid.invalid/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestSuccessCopySrcWithMirrorAndPrefix(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://gcr.invalid/foo/bar/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *SkopeoSuite) TestFailureCopySrcWithMirrorAndPrefixUnavailable(c *check.C) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "copy-mirror")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, ".*no such host.*", "--registries-conf="+regConfFixture, "copy",
+		"docker://gcr.invalid/wrong/prefix/busybox", "dir:"+dir)
+}
+
+func (s *CopySuite) TestCopyFailsWhenReferenceIsInvalid(c *check.C) {
+	assertSkopeoFails(c, `.*Invalid image name.*`, "copy", "unknown:transport", "unknown:test")
+}

integration/fixtures/blocked-registries.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[registry]]
+location = "registry-unblocked.com"
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "registry-blocked.com"
+blocked = true

integration/fixtures/image.manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+    "schemaVersion": 2,
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+    "config": {
+        "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
+        "size": 7023,
+        "digest": "sha256:b5b2b2c507a0944348e0303114d8d93aaaa081732b86451d9bce1f432a537bc7"
+    },
+    "layers": [
+        {
+            "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+            "size": 32654,
+            "digest": "sha256:e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f"
+        },
+        {
+            "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+            "size": 16724,
+            "digest": "sha256:3c3a4604a545cdc127456d94e421cd355bca5b528f4a9c1905b15da2eb4a4c6b"
+        },
+        {
+            "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+            "size": 73109,
+            "digest": "sha256:ec4b8955958665577945c89419d1af06b5f7636b4ac3da7f12184802ad867736"
+        }
+    ]
+}

integration/fixtures/policy.json

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+    "default": [
+        {
+            "type": "reject"
+        }
+    ],
+    "transports": {
+        "docker": {
+            "localhost:5555": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5000/myns/extension": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "docker.io/openshift": [
+                {
+                    "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "dir": {
+            "/@dirpath@": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/official-pubkey.gpg",
+                    "signedIdentity": {
+                        "type": "exactRepository",
+                        "dockerRepository": "localhost:5000/myns/official"
+                    }
+                }
+            ],
+            "": [
+                {
+                    "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "atomic": {
+            "localhost:5006/myns/personal": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/official": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/official-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/naming:test1": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/official-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/naming:naming": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/official-pubkey.gpg",
+                    "signedIdentity": {
+                        "type": "exactRepository",
+                        "dockerRepository": "localhost:5006/myns/official"
+                    }
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5006/myns/cosigned:cosigned": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/official-pubkey.gpg",
+                    "signedIdentity": {
+                        "type": "exactRepository",
+                        "dockerRepository": "localhost:5006/myns/official"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5000/myns/extension": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "@keydir@/personal-pubkey.gpg"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}

integration/fixtures/registries.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[[registry]]
+location = "mirror.invalid"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "mirror-1.invalid" },
+    { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
+]
+
+# This entry is currently unused and exists only to ensure
+# that the mirror.invalid/busybox is not rewritten twice.
+[[registry]]
+location = "gcr.io"
+prefix = "gcr.io/google-containers"
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "invalid.invalid"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "invalid-mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "invalid-mirror-1.invalid" },
+]
+
+[[registry]]
+location = "gcr.invalid"
+prefix = "gcr.invalid/foo/bar"
+mirror = [
+    { location = "wrong-mirror-0.invalid" },
+    { location = "gcr.io/google-containers" },
+]

integration/fixtures/registries.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+docker:
+   localhost:5555:
+        sigstore: file://@sigstore@
+   localhost:5555/public:
+        sigstore-staging: file://@split-staging@
+        sigstore: @split-read@

integration/fixtures/uncompressed-image-s1/manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+   "schemaVersion": 1,
+   "name": "nonempty",
+   "tag": "nonempty",
+   "architecture": "amd64",
+   "fsLayers": [
+      {
+         "blobSum": "sha256:160d823fdc48e62f97ba62df31e55424f8f5eb6b679c865eec6e59adfe304710"
+      }
+   ],
+   "history": [
+      {
+         "v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"59c20544b2f4\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":null,\"Image\":\"\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container\":\"59c20544b2f4ad7a8639433bacb1ec215b7dad4a7bf1a83b5ab4679329a46c1d\",\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"59c20544b2f4\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) ADD file:14f49faade3db5e596826746d9ed3dfd658490c16c4d61d4886726153ad0591a in /\"],\"Image\":\"\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2016-09-19T18:23:54.9949213Z\",\"docker_version\":\"1.10.3\",\"id\":\"4c224eac5061bb85f523ca4e3316618fd7921a80fe94286979667b1edb8e1bdd\",\"os\":\"linux\"}"
+      }
+   ],
+   "signatures": [
+      {
+         "header": {
+            "jwk": {
+               "crv": "P-256",
+               "kid": "DGWZ:GAUM:WCOC:IMDL:D67M:CEI6:YTVH:M2CM:5HX4:FYDD:77OD:D3F7",
+               "kty": "EC",
+               "x": "eprZNqLO9mHZ4Z4GxefucEgov_1gwEi9lehpJR2suRo",
+               "y": "wIr2ucNg32ROfVCkR_8A5VbBJ-mFmsoIUVa6vt8lIxM"
+            },
+            "alg": "ES256"
+         },
+         "signature": "bvTLWW4YVFRjAanN1EJqwQw60fWSWJPxcGO3UZGFI_gyV6ucGdW4x7jyYL6g06sg925s9cy0wN1lw91CCFv4BA",
+         "protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjE0ODcsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjBLIiwidGltZSI6IjIwMTYtMDktMTlUMTg6NDM6MzNaIn0"
+      }
+   ]
+}

integration/fixtures/uncompressed-image-s2/86ce150e65c72b30f885c261449d18b7c6832596916e7f654e08377b5a67b4ff

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"architecture":"amd64","config":{"Hostname":"59c20544b2f4","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd":null,"Image":"","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"container":"59c20544b2f4ad7a8639433bacb1ec215b7dad4a7bf1a83b5ab4679329a46c1d","container_config":{"Hostname":"59c20544b2f4","Domainname":"","User":"","AttachStdin":false,"AttachStdout":false,"AttachStderr":false,"Tty":false,"OpenStdin":false,"StdinOnce":false,"Env":["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd":["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) ADD file:14f49faade3db5e596826746d9ed3dfd658490c16c4d61d4886726153ad0591a in /"],"Image":"","Volumes":null,"WorkingDir":"","Entrypoint":null,"OnBuild":null,"Labels":null},"created":"2016-09-19T18:23:54.9949213Z","docker_version":"1.10.3","history":[{"created":"2016-09-19T18:23:54.9949213Z","created_by":"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:14f49faade3db5e596826746d9ed3dfd658490c16c4d61d4886726153ad0591a in /"}],"os":"linux","rootfs":{"type":"layers","diff_ids":["sha256:160d823fdc48e62f97ba62df31e55424f8f5eb6b679c865eec6e59adfe304710"]}}

integration/fixtures/uncompressed-image-s2/manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+   "schemaVersion": 2,
+   "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+   "config": {
+      "mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
+      "size": 1272,
+      "digest": "sha256:86ce150e65c72b30f885c261449d18b7c6832596916e7f654e08377b5a67b4ff"
+   },
+   "layers": [
+      {
+         "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+         "size": 2048,
+         "digest": "sha256:160d823fdc48e62f97ba62df31e55424f8f5eb6b679c865eec6e59adfe304710"
+      }
+   ]
+}

integration/fixtures_info_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package main
+
+const (
+	// TestImageManifestDigest is the Docker manifest digest of "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
+	TestImageManifestDigest = "sha256:20bf21ed457b390829cdbeec8795a7bea1626991fda603e0d01b4e7f60427e55"
+)

integration/openshift.go

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/homedir"
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+var adminKUBECONFIG = map[string]string{
+	"KUBECONFIG": "openshift.local.config/master/admin.kubeconfig",
+}
+
+// openshiftCluster is an OpenShift API master and integrated registry
+// running on localhost.
+type openshiftCluster struct {
+	workingDir string
+	processes  []*exec.Cmd // Processes to terminate on teardown; append to the end, terminate from end to the start.
+}
+
+// startOpenshiftCluster creates a new openshiftCluster.
+// WARNING: This affects state in users' home directory! Only run
+// in isolated test environment.
+func startOpenshiftCluster(c *check.C) *openshiftCluster {
+	cluster := &openshiftCluster{}
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "openshift-cluster")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	cluster.workingDir = dir
+
+	cluster.startMaster(c)
+	cluster.prepareRegistryConfig(c)
+	cluster.startRegistry(c)
+	cluster.ocLoginToProject(c)
+	cluster.dockerLogin(c)
+	cluster.relaxImageSignerPermissions(c)
+
+	return cluster
+}
+
+// clusterCmd creates an exec.Cmd in cluster.workingDir with current environment modified by environment
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) clusterCmd(env map[string]string, name string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
+	cmd.Dir = cluster.workingDir
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+	for key, value := range env {
+		cmd.Env = modifyEnviron(cmd.Env, key, value)
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// startMaster starts the OpenShift master (etcd+API server) and waits for it to be ready, or terminates on failure.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startMaster(c *check.C) {
+	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(nil, "openshift", "start", "master")
+	cluster.processes = append(cluster.processes, cmd)
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	// Send both to the same pipe. This might cause the two streams to be mixed up,
+	// but logging actually goes only to stderr - this primarily ensure we log any
+	// unexpected output to stdout.
+	cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+	err = cmd.Start()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	portOpen, terminatePortCheck := newPortChecker(c, 8443)
+	defer func() {
+		c.Logf("Terminating port check")
+		terminatePortCheck <- true
+	}()
+
+	terminateLogCheck := make(chan bool, 1)
+	logCheckFound := make(chan bool)
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			c.Logf("Log checker exiting")
+		}()
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout)
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Text()
+			c.Logf("Log line: %s", line)
+			if strings.Contains(line, "Started Origin Controllers") {
+				logCheckFound <- true
+				return
+				// FIXME? We stop reading from stdout; could this block the master?
+			}
+			// Note: we can block before we get here.
+			select {
+			case <-terminateLogCheck:
+				c.Logf("terminated")
+				return
+			default:
+				// Do not block here and read the next line.
+			}
+		}
+		logCheckFound <- false
+	}()
+	defer func() {
+		c.Logf("Terminating log check")
+		terminateLogCheck <- true
+	}()
+
+	gotPortCheck := false
+	gotLogCheck := false
+	for !gotPortCheck || !gotLogCheck {
+		c.Logf("Waiting for master")
+		select {
+		case <-portOpen:
+			c.Logf("port check done")
+			gotPortCheck = true
+		case found := <-logCheckFound:
+			c.Logf("log check done, found: %t", found)
+			if !found {
+				c.Fatal("log check done, success message not found")
+			}
+			gotLogCheck = true
+		}
+	}
+	c.Logf("OK, master started!")
+}
+
+// prepareRegistryConfig creates a registry service account and a related k8s client configuration in ${cluster.workingDir}/openshift.local.registry.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) prepareRegistryConfig(c *check.C) {
+	// This partially mimics the objects created by (oadm registry), except that we run the
+	// server directly as an ordinary process instead of a pod with an implicitly attached service account.
+	saJSON := `{
+		"apiVersion": "v1",
+		"kind": "ServiceAccount",
+		"metadata": {
+			"name": "registry"
+		}
+	}`
+	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(adminKUBECONFIG, "oc", "create", "-f", "-")
+	runExecCmdWithInput(c, cmd, saJSON)
+
+	cmd = cluster.clusterCmd(adminKUBECONFIG, "oadm", "policy", "add-cluster-role-to-user", "system:registry", "-z", "registry")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil, check.Commentf("%s", string(out)))
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Equals, "cluster role \"system:registry\" added: \"registry\"\n")
+
+	cmd = cluster.clusterCmd(adminKUBECONFIG, "oadm", "create-api-client-config", "--client-dir=openshift.local.registry", "--basename=openshift-registry", "--user=system:serviceaccount:default:registry")
+	out, err = cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil, check.Commentf("%s", string(out)))
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Equals, "")
+}
+
+// startRegistry starts the OpenShift registry with configPart on port, waits for it to be ready, and returns the process object, or terminates on failure.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startRegistryProcess(c *check.C, port int, configPath string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(map[string]string{
+		"KUBECONFIG":          "openshift.local.registry/openshift-registry.kubeconfig",
+		"DOCKER_REGISTRY_URL": fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", port),
+	}, "dockerregistry", configPath)
+	consumeAndLogOutputs(c, fmt.Sprintf("registry-%d", port), cmd)
+	err := cmd.Start()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	portOpen, terminatePortCheck := newPortChecker(c, port)
+	defer func() {
+		terminatePortCheck <- true
+	}()
+	c.Logf("Waiting for registry to start")
+	<-portOpen
+	c.Logf("OK, Registry port open")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// startRegistry starts the OpenShift registry and waits for it to be ready, or terminates on failure.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) startRegistry(c *check.C) {
+	// Our “primary” registry
+	cluster.processes = append(cluster.processes, cluster.startRegistryProcess(c, 5000, "/atomic-registry-config.yml"))
+
+	// A registry configured with acceptschema2:false
+	schema1Config := fileFromFixture(c, "/atomic-registry-config.yml", map[string]string{
+		"addr: :5000":              "addr: :5005",
+		"rootdirectory: /registry": "rootdirectory: /registry-schema1",
+		// The default configuration currently already contains acceptschema2: false
+	})
+	// Make sure the configuration contains "acceptschema2: false", because eventually it will be enabled upstream and this function will need to be updated.
+	configContents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(schema1Config)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(string(configContents), check.Matches, "(?s).*acceptschema2: false.*")
+	cluster.processes = append(cluster.processes, cluster.startRegistryProcess(c, 5005, schema1Config))
+
+	// A registry configured with acceptschema2:true
+	schema2Config := fileFromFixture(c, "/atomic-registry-config.yml", map[string]string{
+		"addr: :5000":              "addr: :5006",
+		"rootdirectory: /registry": "rootdirectory: /registry-schema2",
+		"acceptschema2: false":     "acceptschema2: true",
+	})
+	cluster.processes = append(cluster.processes, cluster.startRegistryProcess(c, 5006, schema2Config))
+}
+
+// ocLogin runs (oc login) and (oc new-project) on the cluster, or terminates on failure.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) ocLoginToProject(c *check.C) {
+	c.Logf("oc login")
+	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(nil, "oc", "login", "--certificate-authority=openshift.local.config/master/ca.crt", "-u", "myuser", "-p", "mypw", "https://localhost:8443")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil, check.Commentf("%s", out))
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Matches, "(?s).*Login successful.*") // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
+
+	outString := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "oc", "new-project", "myns")
+	c.Assert(outString, check.Matches, `(?s).*Now using project "myns".*`) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
+}
+
+// dockerLogin simulates (docker login) to the cluster, or terminates on failure.
+// We do not run (docker login) directly, because that requires a running daemon and a docker package.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) dockerLogin(c *check.C) {
+	dockerDir := filepath.Join(homedir.Get(), ".docker")
+	err := os.Mkdir(dockerDir, 0700)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	out := combinedOutputOfCommand(c, "oc", "config", "view", "-o", "json", "-o", "jsonpath={.users[*].user.token}")
+	c.Logf("oc config value: %s", out)
+	authValue := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("unused:" + out))
+	auths := []string{}
+	for _, port := range []int{5000, 5005, 5006} {
+		auths = append(auths, fmt.Sprintf(`"localhost:%d": {
+				"auth": "%s",
+				"email": "unused"
+			}`, port, authValue))
+	}
+	configJSON := `{"auths": {` + strings.Join(auths, ",") + `}}`
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dockerDir, "config.json"), []byte(configJSON), 0600)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+}
+
+// relaxImageSignerPermissions opens up the system:image-signer permissions so that
+// anyone can work with signatures
+// FIXME: This also allows anyone to DoS anyone else; this design is really not all
+// that workable, but it is the best we can do for now.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) relaxImageSignerPermissions(c *check.C) {
+	cmd := cluster.clusterCmd(adminKUBECONFIG, "oadm", "policy", "add-cluster-role-to-group", "system:image-signer", "system:authenticated")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil, check.Commentf("%s", string(out)))
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Equals, "cluster role \"system:image-signer\" added: \"system:authenticated\"\n")
+}
+
+// tearDown stops the cluster services and deletes (only some!) of the state.
+func (cluster *openshiftCluster) tearDown(c *check.C) {
+	for i := len(cluster.processes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		cluster.processes[i].Process.Kill()
+	}
+	if cluster.workingDir != "" {
+		os.RemoveAll(cluster.workingDir)
+	}
+}

integration/openshift_shell_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// +build openshift_shell
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+/*
+TestRunShell is not really a test; it is a convenient way to use the registry setup code
+in openshift.go and CopySuite to get an interactive environment for experimentation.
+
+To use it, run:
+	sudo make shell
+to start a container, then within the container:
+	SKOPEO_CONTAINER_TESTS=1 PS1='nested> ' go test -tags openshift_shell -timeout=24h ./integration -v -check.v -check.vv -check.f='CopySuite.TestRunShell'
+
+An example of what can be done within the container:
+	cd ..; make binary-local install
+	./skopeo --tls-verify=false  copy --sign-by=personal@example.com docker://busybox:latest atomic:localhost:5000/myns/personal:personal
+	oc get istag personal:personal -o json
+	curl -L -v 'http://localhost:5000/v2/'
+	cat ~/.docker/config.json
+	curl -L -v 'http://localhost:5000/openshift/token&scope=repository:myns/personal:pull' --header 'Authorization: Basic $auth_from_docker'
+	curl -L -v 'http://localhost:5000/v2/myns/personal/manifests/personal' --header 'Authorization: Bearer $token_from_oauth'
+	curl -L -v 'http://localhost:5000/extensions/v2/myns/personal/signatures/$manifest_digest' --header 'Authorization: Bearer $token_from_oauth'
+*/
+func (s *CopySuite) TestRunShell(c *check.C) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-i")
+	tty, err := os.OpenFile("/dev/tty", os.O_RDWR, 0)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	cmd.Stdin = tty
+	cmd.Stdout = tty
+	cmd.Stderr = tty
+	err = cmd.Run()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+}

integration/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+const (
+	binaryV2        = "registry-v2"
+	binaryV2Schema1 = "registry-v2-schema1"
+)
+
+type testRegistryV2 struct {
+	cmd      *exec.Cmd
+	url      string
+	dir      string
+	username string
+	password string
+	email    string
+}
+
+func setupRegistryV2At(c *check.C, url string, auth, schema1 bool) *testRegistryV2 {
+	reg, err := newTestRegistryV2At(c, url, auth, schema1)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	// Wait for registry to be ready to serve requests.
+	for i := 0; i != 50; i++ {
+		if err = reg.Ping(); err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal("Timeout waiting for test registry to become available")
+	}
+	return reg
+}
+
+func newTestRegistryV2At(c *check.C, url string, auth, schema1 bool) (*testRegistryV2, error) {
+	tmp, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "registry-test-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	template := `version: 0.1
+loglevel: debug
+storage:
+    filesystem:
+        rootdirectory: %s
+    delete:
+        enabled: true
+http:
+    addr: %s
+%s`
+	var (
+		htpasswd string
+		username string
+		password string
+		email    string
+	)
+	if auth {
+		htpasswdPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "htpasswd")
+		userpasswd := "testuser:$2y$05$sBsSqk0OpSD1uTZkHXc4FeJ0Z70wLQdAX/82UiHuQOKbNbBrzs63m"
+		username = "testuser"
+		password = "testpassword"
+		email = "test@test.org"
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(htpasswdPath, []byte(userpasswd), os.FileMode(0644)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		htpasswd = fmt.Sprintf(`auth:
+    htpasswd:
+        realm: basic-realm
+        path: %s
+`, htpasswdPath)
+	}
+	confPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "config.yaml")
+	config, err := os.Create(confPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(config, template, tmp, url, htpasswd); err != nil {
+		os.RemoveAll(tmp)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	binary := binaryV2
+	if schema1 {
+		binary = binaryV2Schema1
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(binary, confPath)
+	consumeAndLogOutputs(c, fmt.Sprintf("registry-%s", url), cmd)
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		os.RemoveAll(tmp)
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			c.Skip(err.Error())
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &testRegistryV2{
+		cmd:      cmd,
+		url:      url,
+		dir:      tmp,
+		username: username,
+		password: password,
+		email:    email,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *testRegistryV2) Ping() error {
+	// We always ping through HTTP for our test registry.
+	resp, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/v2/", t.url))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		return fmt.Errorf("registry ping replied with an unexpected status code %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *testRegistryV2) Close() {
+	t.cmd.Process.Kill()
+	os.RemoveAll(t.dir)
+}

integration/signing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containers/image/signature"
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+const (
+	gpgBinary = "gpg"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	check.Suite(&SigningSuite{})
+}
+
+type SigningSuite struct {
+	gpgHome     string
+	fingerprint string
+}
+
+func findFingerprint(lineBytes []byte) (string, error) {
+	lines := string(lineBytes)
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(lines, "\n") {
+		fields := strings.Split(line, ":")
+		if len(fields) >= 10 && fields[0] == "fpr" {
+			return fields[9], nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", errors.New("No fingerprint found")
+}
+
+func (s *SigningSuite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
+	_, err := exec.LookPath(skopeoBinary)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	s.gpgHome, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "skopeo-gpg")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	os.Setenv("GNUPGHOME", s.gpgHome)
+
+	runCommandWithInput(c, "Key-Type: RSA\nName-Real: Testing user\n%no-protection\n%commit\n", gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--batch", "--gen-key")
+
+	lines, err := exec.Command(gpgBinary, "--homedir", s.gpgHome, "--with-colons", "--no-permission-warning", "--fingerprint").Output()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	s.fingerprint, err = findFingerprint(lines)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+}
+
+func (s *SigningSuite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
+	if s.gpgHome != "" {
+		err := os.RemoveAll(s.gpgHome)
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	}
+	s.gpgHome = ""
+
+	os.Unsetenv("GNUPGHOME")
+}
+
+func (s *SigningSuite) TestSignVerifySmoke(c *check.C) {
+	mech, _, err := signature.NewEphemeralGPGSigningMechanism([]byte{})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer mech.Close()
+	if err := mech.SupportsSigning(); err != nil { // FIXME? Test that verification and policy enforcement works, using signatures from fixtures
+		c.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Signing not supported: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	manifestPath := "fixtures/image.manifest.json"
+	dockerReference := "testing/smoketest"
+
+	sigOutput, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "sig")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(sigOutput.Name())
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, "^$", "standalone-sign", "-o", sigOutput.Name(),
+		manifestPath, dockerReference, s.fingerprint)
+
+	expected := fmt.Sprintf("^Signature verified, digest %s\n$", TestImageManifestDigest)
+	assertSkopeoSucceeds(c, expected, "standalone-verify", manifestPath,
+		dockerReference, s.fingerprint, sigOutput.Name())
+}

integration/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-check/check"
+)
+
+const skopeoBinary = "skopeo"
+
+// consumeAndLogOutputStream takes (f, err) from an exec.*Pipe(), and causes all output to it to be logged to c.
+func consumeAndLogOutputStream(c *check.C, id string, f io.ReadCloser, err error) {
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			f.Close()
+			c.Logf("Output %s: Closed", id)
+		}()
+		buf := make([]byte, 1024)
+		for {
+			c.Logf("Output %s: waiting", id)
+			n, err := f.Read(buf)
+			c.Logf("Output %s: got %d,%#v: %s", id, n, err, strings.TrimSuffix(string(buf[:n]), "\n"))
+			if n <= 0 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// consumeAndLogOutputs causes all output to stdout and stderr from an *exec.Cmd to be logged to c
+func consumeAndLogOutputs(c *check.C, id string, cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	consumeAndLogOutputStream(c, id+" stdout", stdout, err)
+	stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
+	consumeAndLogOutputStream(c, id+" stderr", stderr, err)
+}
+
+// combinedOutputOfCommand runs a command as if exec.Command().CombinedOutput(), verifies that the exit status is 0, and returns the output,
+// or terminates c on failure.
+func combinedOutputOfCommand(c *check.C, name string, args ...string) string {
+	c.Logf("Running %s %s", name, strings.Join(args, " "))
+	out, err := exec.Command(name, args...).CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil, check.Commentf("%s", out))
+	return string(out)
+}
+
+// assertSkopeoSucceeds runs a skopeo command as if exec.Command().CombinedOutput, verifies that the exit status is 0,
+// and optionally that the output matches a multi-line regexp if it is nonempty;
+// or terminates c on failure
+func assertSkopeoSucceeds(c *check.C, regexp string, args ...string) {
+	c.Logf("Running %s %s", skopeoBinary, strings.Join(args, " "))
+	out, err := exec.Command(skopeoBinary, args...).CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil, check.Commentf("%s", out))
+	if regexp != "" {
+		c.Assert(string(out), check.Matches, "(?s)"+regexp) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
+	}
+}
+
+// assertSkopeoFails runs a skopeo command as if exec.Command().CombinedOutput, verifies that the exit status is 0,
+// and that the output matches a multi-line regexp;
+// or terminates c on failure
+func assertSkopeoFails(c *check.C, regexp string, args ...string) {
+	c.Logf("Running %s %s", skopeoBinary, strings.Join(args, " "))
+	out, err := exec.Command(skopeoBinary, args...).CombinedOutput()
+	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil, check.Commentf("%s", out))
+	c.Assert(string(out), check.Matches, "(?s)"+regexp) // (?s) : '.' will also match newlines
+}
+
+// runCommandWithInput runs a command as if exec.Command(), sending it the input to stdin,
+// and verifies that the exit status is 0, or terminates c on failure.
+func runCommandWithInput(c *check.C, input string, name string, args ...string) {
+	cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
+	runExecCmdWithInput(c, cmd, input)
+}
+
+// runExecCmdWithInput runs an exec.Cmd, sending it the input to stdin,
+// and verifies that the exit status is 0, or terminates c on failure.
+func runExecCmdWithInput(c *check.C, cmd *exec.Cmd, input string) {
+	c.Logf("Running %s %s", cmd.Path, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "))
+	consumeAndLogOutputs(c, cmd.Path+" "+strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), cmd)
+	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	err = cmd.Start()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	_, err = stdin.Write([]byte(input))
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	err = stdin.Close()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	err = cmd.Wait()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+}
+
+// isPortOpen returns true iff the specified port on localhost is open.
+func isPortOpen(port int) bool {
+	conn, err := net.DialTCP("tcp", nil, &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: port})
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	conn.Close()
+	return true
+}
+
+// newPortChecker sets up a portOpen channel which will receive true after the specified port is open.
+// The checking can be aborted by sending a value to the terminate channel, which the caller should
+// always do using
+// defer func() {terminate <- true}()
+func newPortChecker(c *check.C, port int) (portOpen <-chan bool, terminate chan<- bool) {
+	portOpenBidi := make(chan bool)
+	// Buffered, so that sending a terminate request after the goroutine has exited does not block.
+	terminateBidi := make(chan bool, 1)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			c.Logf("Port checker for port %d exiting", port)
+		}()
+		for {
+			c.Logf("Checking for port %d...", port)
+			if isPortOpen(port) {
+				c.Logf("Port %d open", port)
+				portOpenBidi <- true
+				return
+			}
+			c.Logf("Sleeping for port %d", port)
+			sleepChan := time.After(100 * time.Millisecond)
+			select {
+			case <-sleepChan: // Try again
+				c.Logf("Sleeping for port %d done, will retry", port)
+			case <-terminateBidi:
+				c.Logf("Check for port %d terminated", port)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	return portOpenBidi, terminateBidi
+}
+
+// modifyEnviron modifies os.Environ()-like list of name=value assignments to set name to value.
+func modifyEnviron(env []string, name, value string) []string {
+	prefix := name + "="
+	res := []string{}
+	for _, e := range env {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(e, prefix) {
+			res = append(res, e)
+		}
+	}
+	return append(res, prefix+value)
+}
+
+// fileFromFixtureFixture applies edits to inputPath and returns a path to the temporary file.
+// Callers should defer os.Remove(the_returned_path)
+func fileFromFixture(c *check.C, inputPath string, edits map[string]string) string {
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(inputPath)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	for template, value := range edits {
+		updated := bytes.Replace(contents, []byte(template), []byte(value), -1)
+		c.Assert(bytes.Equal(updated, contents), check.Equals, false, check.Commentf("Replacing %s in %#v failed", template, string(contents))) // Verify that the template has matched something and we are not silently ignoring it.
+		contents = updated
+	}
+
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "policy.json")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	path := file.Name()
+
+	_, err = file.Write(contents)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	err = file.Close()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	return path
+}

main.go

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/cliconfig"
-)
-
-const (
-	version = "0.1.2"
-	usage   = "inspect images on a registry"
-)
-
-var inspectCmd = func(c *cli.Context) {
-	imgInspect, err := inspect(c)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	out, err := json.Marshal(imgInspect)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	fmt.Println(string(out))
-}
-
-func main() {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
-	app.Name = "skopeo"
-	app.Version = version
-	app.Usage = usage
-	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "debug",
-			Usage: "enable debug output",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "username",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "registry username",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "password",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "registry password",
-		},
-		cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "docker-cfg",
-			Value: cliconfig.ConfigDir(),
-			Usage: "Docker's cli config for auth",
-		},
-	}
-	app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		if c.GlobalBool("debug") {
-			logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	app.Action = inspectCmd
-	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}

man/skopeo.1.md

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-% SKOPEO(1)
-% Antonio Murdaca
-% JANUARY 2016
-# NAME
-skopeo - Inspect Docker images and repositories on registries
-
-# SYNOPSIS
-
-# DESCRIPTION
-
-# ARGUMENTS
-
-# AUTHORS
-Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>

skopeo.spec

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-Name:           skopeo
-Version:        0.1.2
-Release:        0%{?dist}
-Summary:        Inspect Docker images and repositories on registries
-License:        MIT
-URL:            https://github.com/runcom/skopeo
-Source:         https://github.com/runcom/skopeo/archive/v%{version}.tar.gz
-
-BuildRequires: golang >= 1.5
-BuildRequires: golang-github-cpuguy83-go-md2man
-BuildRequires: golang(github.com/Sirupsen/logrus) >= 0.8.4
-BuildRequires: golang(github.com/codegangsta/cli) >= 1.2.0
-BuildRequires: golang(golang.org/x/net/context)
-
-%global debug_package %{nil}
-
-%description
-Get information about a Docker image or repository without pulling it
-
-%prep
-%setup -q -n %{name}-%{version}
-
-rm -rf vendor/github.com/codegangsta
-rm -rf vendor/github.com/Sirupsen
-rm -rf vendor/golang.org
-
-%build
-mkdir -p ./_build/src/github.com/runcom
-ln -s $(pwd) ./_build/src/github.com/runcom/skopeo
-export GOPATH=$(pwd)/_build:%{gopath}
-cd $(pwd)/_build/src/github.com/runcom/skopeo && make %{?_smp_mflags}
-
-%install
-mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man1
-make DESTDIR=%{buildroot} install
-
-%files
-%{_bindir}/skopeo
-%{_mandir}/man1/skopeo.1*
-%doc README.md LICENSE
-
-%changelog
-* Fri Jan 22 2016 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com> - 0.1.2
-- v0.1.2
-* Fri Jan 22 2016 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com> - 0.1.1
-- v0.1.1
-* Thu Jan 21 2016 Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com> - 0.1.0
-- v0.1.0

systemtest/001-basic.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Simplest set of skopeo tests. If any of these fail, we have serious problems.
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+# Override standard setup! We don't yet trust anything
+function setup() {
+    :
+}
+
+@test "skopeo version emits reasonable output" {
+    run_skopeo --version
+
+    expect_output --substring "skopeo version [0-9.]+"
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/010-inspect.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Simplest test for skopeo inspect
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+@test "inspect: basic" {
+    workdir=$TESTDIR/inspect
+
+    remote_image=docker://quay.io/libpod/alpine_labels:latest
+    # Inspect remote source, then pull it. There's a small race condition
+    # in which the remote image can get updated between the inspect and
+    # the copy; let's just not worry about it.
+    run_skopeo inspect $remote_image
+    inspect_remote=$output
+
+    # Now pull it into a directory
+    run_skopeo copy $remote_image dir:$workdir
+    expect_output --substring "Getting image source signatures"
+    expect_output --substring "Writing manifest to image destination"
+
+    # Unpacked contents must include a manifest and version
+    [ -e $workdir/manifest.json ]
+    [ -e $workdir/version ]
+
+    # Now run inspect locally
+    run_skopeo inspect dir:$workdir
+    inspect_local=$output
+
+    # Each SHA-named file must be listed in the output of 'inspect'
+    for sha in $(find $workdir -type f | xargs -l1 basename | egrep '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'); do
+        expect_output --from="$inspect_local" --substring "sha256:$sha" \
+                      "Locally-extracted SHA file is present in 'inspect'"
+    done
+
+    # Simple sanity check on 'inspect' output.
+    # For each of the given keys (LHS of the table below):
+    #    1) Get local and remote values
+    #    2) Sanity-check local value using simple expression
+    #    3) Confirm that local and remote values match.
+    #
+    # The reason for (2) is to make sure that we don't compare bad results
+    #
+    # The reason for a hardcoded list, instead of 'jq keys', is that RepoTags
+    # is always empty locally, but a list remotely.
+    while read key expect; do
+        local=$(echo "$inspect_local" | jq -r ".$key")
+        remote=$(echo "$inspect_remote" | jq -r ".$key")
+
+        expect_output --from="$local" --substring "$expect" \
+                  "local $key is sane"
+
+        expect_output --from="$remote" "$local" \
+                      "local $key matches remote"
+    done <<END_EXPECT
+Architecture       amd64
+Created            [0-9-]+T[0-9:]+\.[0-9]+Z
+Digest             sha256:[0-9a-f]{64}
+DockerVersion      [0-9]+\.[0-9][0-9.-]+
+Labels             \\\{.*PODMAN.*podman.*\\\}
+Layers             \\\[.*sha256:.*\\\]
+Os                 linux
+END_EXPECT
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/020-copy.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Copy tests
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    start_registry reg
+}
+
+# From remote, to dir1, to local, to dir2;
+# compare dir1 and dir2, expect no changes
+@test "copy: dir, round trip" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
+
+    run_skopeo copy          $remote_image  dir:$dir1
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false dir:$dir1  $localimg
+    run_skopeo copy  --src-tls-verify=false            $localimg  dir:$dir2
+
+    # Both extracted copies must be identical
+    diff -urN $dir1 $dir2
+}
+
+# Same as above, but using 'oci:' instead of 'dir:' and with a :latest tag
+@test "copy: oci, round trip" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/oci1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/oci2
+
+    run_skopeo copy          $remote_image  oci:$dir1:latest
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false oci:$dir1:latest  $localimg
+    run_skopeo copy  --src-tls-verify=false                   $localimg  oci:$dir2:latest
+
+    # Both extracted copies must be identical
+    diff -urN $dir1 $dir2
+}
+
+# Same image, extracted once with :tag and once without
+@test "copy: oci w/ and w/o tags" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+
+    local dir1=$TESTDIR/dir1
+    local dir2=$TESTDIR/dir2
+
+    run_skopeo copy $remote_image oci:$dir1
+    run_skopeo copy $remote_image oci:$dir2:withtag
+
+    # Both extracted copies must be identical, except for index.json
+    diff -urN --exclude=index.json $dir1 $dir2
+
+    # ...which should differ only in the tag. (But that's too hard to check)
+    grep '"org.opencontainers.image.ref.name":"withtag"' $dir2/index.json
+}
+
+# This one seems unlikely to get fixed
+@test "copy: bug 651" {
+    skip "Enable this once skopeo issue #651 has been fixed"
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://quay.io/libpod/alpine_labels:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/foo
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/030-local-registry-tls.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Confirm that skopeo will push to and pull from a local
+# registry with locally-created TLS certificates.
+#
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    start_registry --with-cert reg
+}
+
+@test "local registry, with cert" {
+    # Push to local registry...
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
+               docker://busybox:latest \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+
+    # ...and pull it back out
+    run_skopeo copy --src-cert-dir=$TESTDIR/client-auth \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned \
+               dir:$TESTDIR/extracted
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/040-local-registry-auth.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Tests with a local registry with auth
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    # Remove old/stale cred file
+    _cred_dir=$TESTDIR/credentials
+    export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=$_cred_dir
+    mkdir -p $_cred_dir/containers
+    rm -f $_cred_dir/containers/auth.json
+
+    # Start authenticated registry with random password
+    testuser=testuser
+    testpassword=$(random_string 15)
+
+    start_registry --testuser=$testuser --testpassword=$testpassword reg
+}
+
+@test "auth: credentials on command line" {
+    # No creds
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # Wrong user
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=baduser:badpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # Wrong password
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:badpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+
+    # Correct creds, but no such image
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/nonesuch
+    expect_output --substring "manifest unknown: manifest unknown"
+
+    # These should pass
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false --dcreds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://busybox:latest docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --creds=$testuser:$testpassword \
+               docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
+}
+
+@test "auth: credentials via podman login" {
+    # Logged in: skopeo should work
+    podman login --tls-verify=false -u $testuser -p $testpassword localhost:5000
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+               docker://busybox:latest docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "localhost:5000/busybox"
+
+    # Logged out: should fail
+    podman logout localhost:5000
+
+    run_skopeo 1 inspect --tls-verify=false docker://localhost:5000/busybox:mine
+    expect_output --substring "unauthorized: authentication required"
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    if [[ -n $_cred_dir ]]; then
+        rm -rf $_cred_dir
+    fi
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/050-signing.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Tests with gpg signing
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    # Create dummy gpg keys
+    export GNUPGHOME=$TESTDIR/skopeo-gpg
+    mkdir --mode=0700 $GNUPGHOME
+
+    # gpg on f30 needs this, otherwise:
+    #   gpg: agent_genkey failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
+    # ...but gpg on f29 (and, probably, Ubuntu) doesn't grok this
+    GPGOPTS='--pinentry-mode loopback'
+    if gpg --pinentry-mode asdf 2>&1 | grep -qi 'Invalid option'; then
+        GPGOPTS=
+    fi
+
+    for k in alice bob;do
+        gpg --batch $GPGOPTS --gen-key --passphrase '' <<END_GPG
+Key-Type: RSA
+Name-Real: Test key - $k
+Name-email: $k@test.redhat.com
+%commit
+END_GPG
+
+        gpg --armor --export $k@test.redhat.com >$GNUPGHOME/pubkey-$k.gpg
+    done
+
+    # Registries. The important part here seems to be sigstore,
+    # because (I guess?) the registry itself has no mechanism
+    # for storing or validating signatures.
+    REGISTRIES_D=$TESTDIR/registries.d
+    mkdir $REGISTRIES_D $TESTDIR/sigstore
+    cat >$REGISTRIES_D/registries.yaml <<EOF
+docker:
+   localhost:5000:
+        sigstore: file://$TESTDIR/sigstore
+EOF
+
+    # Policy file. Basically, require /myns/alice and /myns/bob
+    # to be signed; allow /open; and reject anything else.
+    POLICY_JSON=$TESTDIR/policy.json
+    cat >$POLICY_JSON <<END_POLICY_JSON
+{
+    "default": [
+        {
+            "type": "reject"
+        }
+    ],
+    "transports": {
+        "docker": {
+            "localhost:5000/myns/alice": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "$GNUPGHOME/pubkey-alice.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5000/myns/bob": [
+                {
+                    "type": "signedBy",
+                    "keyType": "GPGKeys",
+                    "keyPath": "$GNUPGHOME/pubkey-bob.gpg"
+                }
+            ],
+            "localhost:5000/open": [
+                {
+                    "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}
+END_POLICY_JSON
+
+    start_registry reg
+}
+
+@test "signing" {
+    run_skopeo '?' standalone-sign /dev/null busybox alice@test.redhat.com -o /dev/null
+    if [[ "$output" =~ 'signing is not supported' ]]; then
+        skip "skopeo built without support for creating signatures"
+        return 1
+    fi
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        die "exit code is $status; expected $expected_rc"
+    fi
+
+    # Cache local copy
+    run_skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:$TESTDIR/busybox
+
+    # Push a bunch of images. Do so *without* --policy flag; this lets us
+    # sign or not, creating images that will or won't conform to policy.
+    while read path sig comments; do
+        local sign_opt=
+        if [[ $sig != '-' ]]; then
+            sign_opt="--sign-by=${sig}@test.redhat.com"
+        fi
+        run_skopeo --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+                   copy --dest-tls-verify=false \
+                   $sign_opt \
+                   dir:$TESTDIR/busybox \
+                   docker://localhost:5000$path
+    done <<END_PUSH
+/myns/alice:signed        alice    # Properly-signed image
+/myns/alice:unsigned      -        # Unsigned image to path that requires signature
+/myns/bob:signedbyalice   alice    # Bad signature: image under /bob
+/myns/carol:latest        -        # No signature
+/open/forall:latest       -        # No signature, but none needed
+END_PUSH
+
+    # Done pushing. Now try to fetch. From here on we use the --policy option.
+    # The table below lists the paths to fetch, and the expected errors (or
+    # none, if we expect them to pass).
+    while read path expected_error; do
+        expected_rc=
+        if [[ -n $expected_error ]]; then
+            expected_rc=1
+        fi
+
+        rm -rf $TESTDIR/d
+        run_skopeo $expected_rc \
+                   --registries.d $REGISTRIES_D \
+                   --policy $POLICY_JSON \
+                   copy --src-tls-verify=false \
+                   docker://localhost:5000$path \
+                   dir:$TESTDIR/d
+        if [[ -n $expected_error ]]; then
+            expect_output --substring "Source image rejected: $expected_error"
+        fi
+    done <<END_TESTS
+/myns/alice:signed
+/myns/bob:signedbyalice    Invalid GPG signature
+/myns/alice:unsigned       Signature for identity localhost:5000/myns/alice:signed is not accepted
+/myns/carol:latest         Running image docker://localhost:5000/myns/carol:latest is rejected by policy.
+/open/forall:latest
+END_TESTS
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/060-delete.bats

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+#
+# Copy tests
+#
+
+load helpers
+
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+
+    start_registry --enable-delete=true reg
+}
+
+# delete image from registry
+@test "delete: remove image from registry" {
+    local remote_image=docker://busybox:latest
+    local localimg=docker://localhost:5000/busybox:unsigned
+    local output=
+
+    run_skopeo copy --dest-tls-verify=false $remote_image $localimg
+    output=$(run_skopeo inspect --tls-verify=false --raw $localimg)
+    echo $output | grep "vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
+
+    run_skopeo delete --tls-verify=false $localimg
+
+    # make sure image is removed from registry
+    expected_rc=1
+    run_skopeo $expected_rc inspect --tls-verify=false $localimg
+}
+
+teardown() {
+    podman rm -f reg
+
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# vim: filetype=sh

systemtest/helpers.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+SKOPEO_BINARY=${SKOPEO_BINARY:-$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE})/../skopeo}
+
+# Default timeout for a skopeo command.
+SKOPEO_TIMEOUT=${SKOPEO_TIMEOUT:-300}
+
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN setup/teardown
+
+# Provide common setup and teardown functions, but do not name them such!
+# That way individual tests can override with their own setup/teardown,
+# while retaining the ability to include these if they so desire.
+
+function standard_setup() {
+    # Argh. Although BATS provides $BATS_TMPDIR, it's just /tmp!
+    # That's bloody worthless. Let's make our own, in which subtests
+    # can write whatever they like and trust that it'll be deleted
+    # on cleanup.
+    TESTDIR=$(mktemp -d --tmpdir=${BATS_TMPDIR:-/tmp} skopeo_bats.XXXXXX)
+}
+
+function standard_teardown() {
+    if [[ -n $TESTDIR ]]; then
+        rm -rf $TESTDIR
+    fi
+}
+
+# Individual .bats files may override or extend these
+function setup() {
+    standard_setup
+}
+
+function teardown() {
+    standard_teardown
+}
+
+# END   setup/teardown
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN standard helpers for running skopeo and testing results
+
+#################
+#  run_skopeo  #  Invoke skopeo, with timeout, using BATS 'run'
+#################
+#
+# This is the preferred mechanism for invoking skopeo:
+#
+#  * we use 'timeout' to abort (with a diagnostic) if something
+#    takes too long; this is preferable to a CI hang.
+#  * we log the command run and its output. This doesn't normally
+#    appear in BATS output, but it will if there's an error.
+#  * we check exit status. Since the normal desired code is 0,
+#    that's the default; but the first argument can override:
+#
+#     run_skopeo 125  nonexistent-subcommand
+#     run_skopeo '?'  some-other-command       # let our caller check status
+#
+# Since we use the BATS 'run' mechanism, $output and $status will be
+# defined for our caller.
+#
+function run_skopeo() {
+    # Number as first argument = expected exit code; default 0
+    expected_rc=0
+    case "$1" in
+        [0-9])           expected_rc=$1; shift;;
+        [1-9][0-9])      expected_rc=$1; shift;;
+        [12][0-9][0-9])  expected_rc=$1; shift;;
+        '?')             expected_rc=  ; shift;;  # ignore exit code
+    esac
+
+    # Remember command args, for possible use in later diagnostic messages
+    MOST_RECENT_SKOPEO_COMMAND="skopeo $*"
+
+    # stdout is only emitted upon error; this echo is to help a debugger
+    echo "\$ $SKOPEO_BINARY $*"
+    run timeout --foreground --kill=10 $SKOPEO_TIMEOUT ${SKOPEO_BINARY} "$@"
+    # without "quotes", multiple lines are glommed together into one
+    if [ -n "$output" ]; then
+        echo "$output"
+    fi
+    if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo -n "[ rc=$status ";
+        if [ -n "$expected_rc" ]; then
+            if [ "$status" -eq "$expected_rc" ]; then
+                echo -n "(expected) ";
+            else
+                echo -n "(** EXPECTED $expected_rc **) ";
+            fi
+        fi
+        echo "]"
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$status" -eq 124 -o "$status" -eq 137 ]; then
+        # FIXME: 'timeout -v' requires coreutils-8.29; travis seems to have
+        #        an older version. If/when travis updates, please add -v
+        #        to the 'timeout' command above, and un-comment this out:
+        # if expr "$output" : ".*timeout: sending" >/dev/null; then
+        echo "*** TIMED OUT ***"
+        false
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "$expected_rc" ]; then
+        if [ "$status" -ne "$expected_rc" ]; then
+            die "exit code is $status; expected $expected_rc"
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+#########
+#  die  #  Abort with helpful message
+#########
+function die() {
+    echo "#/vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv"  >&2
+    echo "#| FAIL: $*"                                           >&2
+    echo "#\\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^" >&2
+    false
+}
+
+###################
+#  expect_output  #  Compare actual vs expected string; fail if mismatch
+###################
+#
+# Compares $output against the given string argument. Optional second
+# argument is descriptive text to show as the error message (default:
+# the command most recently run by 'run_skopeo'). This text can be
+# useful to isolate a failure when there are multiple identical
+# run_skopeo invocations, and the difference is solely in the
+# config or setup; see, e.g., run.bats:run-cmd().
+#
+# By default we run an exact string comparison; use --substring to
+# look for the given string anywhere in $output.
+#
+# By default we look in "$output", which is set in run_skopeo().
+# To override, use --from="some-other-string" (e.g. "${lines[0]}")
+#
+# Examples:
+#
+#   expect_output "this is exactly what we expect"
+#   expect_output "foo=bar"  "description of this particular test"
+#   expect_output --from="${lines[0]}"  "expected first line"
+#
+function expect_output() {
+    # By default we examine $output, the result of run_skopeo
+    local actual="$output"
+    local check_substring=
+
+    # option processing: recognize --from="...", --substring
+    local opt
+    for opt; do
+        local value=$(expr "$opt" : '[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+        case "$opt" in
+            --from=*)       actual="$value";   shift;;
+            --substring)    check_substring=1; shift;;
+            --)             shift; break;;
+            -*)             die "Invalid option '$opt'" ;;
+            *)              break;;
+        esac
+    done
+
+    local expect="$1"
+    local testname="${2:-${MOST_RECENT_SKOPEO_COMMAND:-[no test name given]}}"
+
+    if [ -z "$expect" ]; then
+        if [ -z "$actual" ]; then
+            return
+        fi
+        expect='[no output]'
+    elif [ "$actual" = "$expect" ]; then
+	return
+    elif [ -n "$check_substring" ]; then
+        if [[ "$actual" =~ $expect ]]; then
+            return
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    # This is a multi-line message, which may in turn contain multi-line
+    # output, so let's format it ourself, readably
+    local -a actual_split
+    readarray -t actual_split <<<"$actual"
+    printf "#/vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv\n" >&2
+    printf "#|     FAIL: $testname\n"                          >&2
+    printf "#| expected: '%s'\n" "$expect"                     >&2
+    printf "#|   actual: '%s'\n" "${actual_split[0]}"          >&2
+    local line
+    for line in "${actual_split[@]:1}"; do
+        printf "#|         > '%s'\n" "$line"                   >&2
+    done
+    printf "#\\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" >&2
+    false
+}
+
+#######################
+#  expect_line_count  #  Check the expected number of output lines
+#######################
+#
+# ...from the most recent run_skopeo command
+#
+function expect_line_count() {
+    local expect="$1"
+    local testname="${2:-${MOST_RECENT_SKOPEO_COMMAND:-[no test name given]}}"
+
+    local actual="${#lines[@]}"
+    if [ "$actual" -eq "$expect" ]; then
+        return
+    fi
+
+    printf "#/vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv\n"          >&2
+    printf "#| FAIL: $testname\n"                                       >&2
+    printf "#| Expected %d lines of output, got %d\n" $expect $actual   >&2
+    printf "#| Output was:\n"                                           >&2
+    local line
+    for line in "${lines[@]}"; do
+        printf "#| >%s\n" "$line"                                       >&2
+    done
+    printf "#\\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"         >&2
+    false
+}
+
+# END   standard helpers for running skopeo and testing results
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN helpers for starting/stopping registries
+
+####################
+#  start_registry  #  Run a local registry container
+####################
+#
+# Usage:  start_registry [OPTIONS] NAME
+#
+#   OPTIONS
+#       --port=NNNN         Port to listen on (default: 5000)
+#       --testuser=XXX      Require authentication; this is the username
+#       --testpassword=XXX  ...and the password (these two go together)
+#       --with-cert         Create a cert for running with TLS (not working)
+#       --enable-delete     Set allowing registry deletions (default: false)
+#
+#   NAME is the container name to assign.
+#
+start_registry() {
+    local port=5000
+    local testuser=
+    local testpassword=
+    local create_cert=
+    local enable_delete=false
+
+    # option processing: recognize options for running the registry
+    # in different modes.
+    local opt
+    for opt; do
+        local value=$(expr "$opt" : '[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+        case "$opt" in
+            --port=*)           port="$value";          shift;;
+            --testuser=*)       testuser="$value";      shift;;
+            --testpassword=*)   testpassword="$value";  shift;;
+            --with-cert)        create_cert=1;          shift;;
+            --enable-delete=*)  enable_delete="$value"; shift;;
+            -*)                 die "Invalid option '$opt'" ;;
+            *)                  break;;
+        esac
+    done
+
+    local name=${1?start_registry() invoked without a NAME}
+
+    # Temp directory must be defined and must exist
+    [[ -n $TESTDIR && -d $TESTDIR ]]
+
+    AUTHDIR=$TESTDIR/auth
+    mkdir -p $AUTHDIR
+
+    local -a reg_args=(-v $AUTHDIR:/auth:Z -p $port:5000)
+    if [[ "$enable_delete" == "true" ]]; then
+        reg_args+=( -e REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true)
+    fi
+
+    # cgroup option necessary under podman-in-podman (CI tests),
+    # and doesn't seem to do any harm otherwise.
+    PODMAN="podman --cgroup-manager=cgroupfs"
+
+    # Called with --testuser? Create an htpasswd file
+    if [[ -n $testuser ]]; then
+        if [[ -z $testpassword ]]; then
+            die "start_registry() invoked with testuser but no testpassword"
+        fi
+
+        if ! egrep -q "^$testuser:" $AUTHDIR/htpasswd; then
+            $PODMAN run --rm --entrypoint htpasswd registry:2 \
+                   -Bbn $testuser $testpassword >> $AUTHDIR/htpasswd
+        fi
+
+        reg_args+=(
+            -e REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd
+            -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd
+            -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM="Registry Realm"
+        )
+    fi
+
+    # Called with --with-cert? Create certificates.
+    if [[ -n $create_cert ]]; then
+        CERT=$AUTHDIR/domain.crt
+        if [ ! -e $CERT ]; then
+            openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -sha256 \
+                    -keyout $AUTHDIR/domain.key -x509 -days 2 \
+                    -out $CERT \
+                    -subj "/C=US/ST=Foo/L=Bar/O=Red Hat, Inc./CN=localhost"
+        fi
+
+        reg_args+=(
+            -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/auth/domain.crt
+            -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/auth/domain.key
+        )
+
+        # Copy .crt file to a directory *without* the .key one, so we can
+        # test the client. (If client sees a matching .key file, it fails)
+        # Thanks to Miloslav Trmac for this hint.
+        mkdir -p $TESTDIR/client-auth
+        cp $CERT $TESTDIR/client-auth/
+    fi
+
+    $PODMAN run -d --name $name "${reg_args[@]}" registry:2
+
+    # Wait for registry to actually come up
+    timeout=10
+    while [[ $timeout -ge 1 ]]; do
+        if curl localhost:$port/; then
+            return
+        fi
+
+        timeout=$(expr $timeout - 1)
+        sleep 1
+    done
+    die "Timed out waiting for registry container to respond on :$port"
+}
+
+# END   helpers for starting/stopping registries
+###############################################################################
+# BEGIN miscellaneous tools
+
+###################
+#  random_string  #  Returns a pseudorandom human-readable string
+###################
+#
+# Numeric argument, if present, is desired length of string
+#
+function random_string() {
+    local length=${1:-10}
+
+    head /dev/urandom | tr -dc a-zA-Z0-9 | head -c$length
+}
+
+# END   miscellaneous tools
+###############################################################################

systemtest/run-tests

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# run-tests - simple wrapper allowing shortcuts on invocation
+#
+
+TEST_DIR=$(dirname $0)
+TESTS=$TEST_DIR
+
+for i; do
+    case "$i" in
+        *.bats)    TESTS=$i ;;
+        *)         TESTS=$(echo $TEST_DIR/*$i*.bats) ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+bats $TESTS

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+TAGS
+tags
+.*.swp
+tomlcheck/tomlcheck
+toml.test

vendor/github.com/BurntSushi/toml/.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+language: go
+go:
+  - 1.1
+  - 1.2
+  - 1.3
+  - 1.4
+  - 1.5
+  - 1.6
+  - tip
+install:
+  - go install ./...
+  - go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test
+script:
+  - export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/gopath/bin"
+  - make test